@article{katon_brugh_desmarais_simons-rudolph_zottola_2020, title={A Qualitative Analysis of Drivers among Military-Affiliated and Civilian Lone Actor Terrorists Inspired by Jihadism}, volume={44}, ISSN={1057-610X 1521-0731}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2020.1799520}, DOI={10.1080/1057610X.2020.1799520}, abstractNote={Abstract This qualitative study explored and compared factors that drive individuals with and without military experience to commit violent acts of terrorism within a sample of 10 jihadism-inspired lone actors. Findings reveal four major themes driving violent terrorist action among lone actors: Action, Grievance, Growing in Jihad, Religious Fervor. Results also provide some of the first evidence that drivers of lone actor terrorism differ between those with and without military experience. Factors related to action, certain grievances, and growth in Jihad were seen more commonly among the military-affiliated lone actors than their civilian peers. Implications for policy and prevention are discussed.}, number={2}, journal={Studies in Conflict & Terrorism}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Katon, Alexa and Brugh, Christine Shahan and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Simons-Rudolph, Joseph and Zottola, Samantha A.}, year={2020}, month={Aug}, pages={1–18} }
 @article{desmarais_zottola_duhart clarke_lowder_2020, title={Predictive Validity of Pretrial Risk Assessments: A Systematic Review of the Literature}, volume={48}, ISSN={0093-8548 1552-3594}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854820932959}, DOI={10.1177/0093854820932959}, abstractNote={ Bail reform is sweeping the nation and many jurisdictions are looking to pretrial risk assessment as one potential strategy to support these efforts. This article summarizes the findings of a systematic review of research examining the predictive validity of pretrial risk assessments. We reviewed 11 studies (13 publications) examining the predictive validity of six pretrial risk assessment instruments reported in the gray and peer-reviewed literature as of December, 2018. Findings typically show good to excellent predictive validity. Differences in predictive validity for men and women were mixed and small. When it could be examined, predictive validity was generally comparable across racial/ethnic subgroups; however, three comparisons revealed notably lower, albeit still fair to good, predictive validity for defendants of color than White defendants. Findings suggest that pretrial risk assessments predict pretrial outcomes with acceptable accuracy, but also emphasize the need for continued investigation of predictive validity across gender and racial/ethnic subgroups. }, number={4}, journal={Criminal Justice and Behavior}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Desmarais, Sarah L. and Zottola, Samantha A. and Duhart Clarke, Sarah E. and Lowder, Evan M.}, year={2020}, month={Jun}, pages={009385482093295} }
 @article{zottola_desmarais_neupert_dong_laber_lowder_van dorn_2019, title={Results of the Brief Jail Mental Health Screen Across Repeated Jail Bookings}, volume={70}, ISSN={1075-2730 1557-9700}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201800377}, DOI={10.1176/appi.ps.201800377}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE
The Brief Jail Mental Health Screen (BJMHS) is widely used at intake in county jails to identify detainees who may have serious mental illness and who should be referred for further mental health evaluation. The BJMHS may be administered multiple times across repeated jail bookings; however, the extent to which results may change over time is unclear. To that end, the authors examined the odds of screening positive on the BJMHS across repeated jail bookings.


METHODS
Data were drawn from the administrative and medical records of a large, urban county jail that used the BJMHS at jail booking. The study sample comprised BJMHS results for the 12,531 jail detainees who were booked at least twice during the 3.5-year period (N=41,965 bookings). Multilevel logistic modeling was used to examine changes over time overall and within the four decision rules (current psychiatric medication, prior hospitalization, two or more current symptoms, and referral for any other reason).


RESULTS
Results show that the odds of a positive screen overall increased with each jail booking, as did the odds of referral for any other reason. In contrast, the odds of screening positive for two or more current symptoms and prior hospitalization decreased. There was no change in the odds of screening positive for current psychiatric medication across bookings.


CONCLUSIONS
Findings show that BJMHS results changed across bookings. Further research is needed to determine whether changes reflect true changes in mental health status, issues with fidelity, the repeated nature of the screening process, or other factors.}, number={11}, journal={Psychiatric Services}, publisher={American Psychiatric Association Publishing}, author={Zottola, Samantha A. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Neupert, Shevaun D. and Dong, Lin and Laber, Eric and Lowder, Evan M. and Van Dorn, Richard A.}, year={2019}, month={Nov}, pages={1006–1012} }
 @article{nobles_cramer_zottola_desmarais_gemberling_holley_wright_2018, title={Prevalence rates, reporting, and psychosocial correlates of stalking victimization: results from a three-sample cross-sectional study}, volume={53}, ISSN={0933-7954 1433-9285}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-018-1557-3}, DOI={10.1007/s00127-018-1557-3}, abstractNote={{"Label"=>"PURPOSE", "NlmCategory"=>"OBJECTIVE"} Public health and criminal justice stalking victimization data collection efforts are plagued by subjective definitions and lack of known psychosocial correlates. The present study assesses the question of stalking victimization prevalence among three groups. Psychosocial risk and protective factors associated with stalking victimization experiences were assessed. {"Label"=>"METHODS", "NlmCategory"=>"METHODS"} Archival data (n = 2159) were drawn from a three-sample (i.e., U.S. nationwide sexual diversity special interest group, college student, and general population adult) cross-sectional survey of victimization, sexuality, and health. {"Label"=>"RESULTS", "NlmCategory"=>"RESULTS"} The range of endorsement of stalking-related victimization experiences was 13.0-47.9%. Reported perpetrators were both commonly known and unknown persons to the victim. Participants disclosed the victimization primarily to nobody or a family member/friend. Bivariate correlates of stalking victimization were female gender, Associates/Bachelor-level education, bisexual or other sexual orientation minority status, hypertension, diabetes, older age, higher weekly drug use, elevated trait aggression, higher cognitive reappraisal skills, lower rape myth acceptance, and elevated psychiatric symptoms. Logistic regression results showed the strongest factors in identifying elevated stalking victimization risk were: older age, elevated aggression, higher cognitive reappraisal skills, lesser low self-control, increased symptoms of suicidality and PTSD re-experiencing, and female and other gender minority status. {"Label"=>"CONCLUSIONS", "NlmCategory"=>"CONCLUSIONS"} Behavioral approaches to epidemiological and criminal justice stalking victimization are recommended. Victimization under reporting to healthcare and legal professionals were observed. Further research and prevention programming is needed to capitalize on data concerning personality and coping skills, sexual diversity, and trauma-related psychiatric symptoms.}, number={11}, journal={Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Nobles, Matt R. and Cramer, Robert J. and Zottola, Samantha A. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Gemberling, Tess M. and Holley, Sarah R. and Wright, Susan}, year={2018}, month={Jul}, pages={1253–1263} }