@article{cardoso-ugarte_sosa-morales_ballard_liceaga_martin-gonzalez_2014, title={Microwave-assisted extraction of betalains from red beet (Beta vulgaris)}, volume={59}, ISSN={["1096-1127"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.lwt.2014.05.025}, abstractNote={The use of microwave assisted extraction (MAE) was investigated in this work for the extraction of betalains from diced red beets. Several treatments with different combinations of time, power and duty cycle applied to the samples were studied. The combination of 400 W and 100% duty cycle for 90–120 s resulted in the highest amount of recovered betanines; whereas at 140–150 s the highest amount of betaxanthins was obtained. The addition of ascorbic acid (0.040 mol/L) to the extracting solvent and the development of a two-step MAE process with a cooling period in-between and after processing steps led to an enhancement in the amount of pigments obtained. The effect of extraction time at each extraction step on betalains yield was determined by applying a factorial design and surface plots were constructed. The duration of the second step significantly affected the yield of betanines and betaxanthins obtained (p < 0.05). A prediction model was proposed and validated to meet the optimal extraction times. Betalain yields obtained by MAE were twice as high as those obtained during conventional extraction and conventional extraction at 80 °C.}, number={1}, journal={LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}, author={Cardoso-Ugarte, G. A. and Sosa-Morales, M. E. and Ballard, T. and Liceaga, A. and Martin-Gonzalez, M. F. San}, year={2014}, month={Nov}, pages={276–282} }
 @article{richards_reyes_stowe_tucker_ballard_mathies_cavanagh_melander_2009, title={Amide Isosteres of Oroidin: Assessment of Antibiofilm Activity and C. elegans Toxicity}, volume={52}, ISSN={["1520-4804"]}, DOI={10.1021/jm900378s}, abstractNote={The synthesis and antibiofilm activities of sulfonamide, urea, and thiourea oroidin analogues are described. The most active derivative was able to selectively inhibit P. aeruginosa biofilm development and is also shown to be nontoxic upward of 1 mM to the development of C. elegans in comparison to other similar isosteric analogues and the natural product oroidin.}, number={15}, journal={JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY}, author={Richards, Justin J. and Reyes, Samuel and Stowe, Sean D. and Tucker, Ashley T. and Ballard, T. Eric and Mathies, Laura D. and Cavanagh, John and Melander, Christian}, year={2009}, month={Aug}, pages={4582–4585} }
 @article{ballard_richards_aquino_reed_melander_2009, title={Antibiofilm Activity of a Diverse Oroidin Library Generated through Reductive Acylation}, volume={74}, ISSN={["0022-3263"]}, DOI={10.1021/jo802260t}, abstractNote={A diverse 20-compound library of analogues based on the marine alkaloid oroidin were synthesized via a reductive acylation strategy. The final target was then assayed for inhibition and dispersion activity against common proteobacteria known to form biofilms. This methodology represents a significant improvement over the generality of known methods to acylate substrates containing 2-aminoimidazoles and has the potential to have broad application to the synthesis of more advanced oroidin family members and their corresponding analogues.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY}, author={Ballard, T. Eric and Richards, Justin J. and Aquino, Arianexys and Reed, Catherine S. and Melander, Christian}, year={2009}, month={Feb}, pages={1755–1758} }
 @article{melander_moeller_ballard_richards_huigens_cavanagh_2009, title={Evaluation of dihydrooroidin as an antifouling additive in marine paint}, volume={63}, ISSN={["0964-8305"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.ibiod.2008.08.009}, abstractNote={Methods used to deter biofouling of underwater structures and marine vessels present a serious environmental issue and are both problematic and costly for government and commercial marine vessels worldwide. Current antifouling methods include compounds that are toxic to aquatic wildlife and marine ecosystems. Dihydrooroidin (DHO) was shown to completely inhibit Halomonas pacifica biofilms at 100 μM in a static biofilm inhibition assay giving precedence for the inhibition of other marine biofilm-forming organisms. Herein we present DHO as an effective paint-based, non-cytotoxic, antifouling agent against marine biofouling processes in a marine mesocosm.}, number={4}, journal={INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION}, author={Melander, Christian and Moeller, Peter D. R. and Ballard, T. Eric and Richards, Justin J. and Huigens, Robert W., III and Cavanagh, John}, year={2009}, month={Jun}, pages={529–532} }
 @article{richards_ballard_melander_2008, title={Inhibition and dispersion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms with reverse amide 2-aminoimidazole oroidin analogues}, volume={6}, ISSN={["1477-0539"]}, DOI={10.1039/b719082d}, abstractNote={The marine alkaloid oroidin along with a small library of reverse amide (RA) 2-aminoimidazoles were synthesized and assayed for anti-biofilm activity against PAO1 and PA14, two strains of the medically relevant gamma-proteobacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Analogues that contained a long, linear alkyl chain were more potent inhibitors than the natural product at preventing the formation of PAO1 and PA14 biofilms. The most active compound in the series was also shown to disperse established PAO1 and PA14 biofilms at low micromolar concentrations.}, number={8}, journal={ORGANIC & BIOMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY}, author={Richards, Justin J. and Ballard, T. Eric and Melander, Christian}, year={2008}, pages={1356–1363} }
 @article{richards_huigens_ballard_basso_cavanagh_melander_2008, title={Inhibition and dispersion of proteobacterial biofilms}, number={14}, journal={Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)}, author={Richards, J. J. and Huigens, R. W. and Ballard, T. E. and Basso, A. and Cavanagh, J. and Melander, C.}, year={2008}, pages={1698–1700} }
 @article{bowman_ballard_ackerson_feldheim_margolis_melander_2008, title={Inhibition of HIV fusion with multivalent gold nanoparticles}, volume={130}, ISSN={["0002-7863"]}, DOI={10.1021/ja710321g}, abstractNote={The design and synthesis of a multivalent gold nanoparticle therapeutic is presented. SDC-1721, a fragment of the potent HIV inhibitor TAK-779, was synthesized and conjugated to 2.0 nm diameter gold nanoparticles. Free SDC-1721 had no inhibitory effect on HIV infection; however, the (SDC-1721)-gold nanoparticle conjugates displayed activity comparable to that of TAK-779. This result suggests that multivalent presentation of small molecules on gold nanoparticle surfaces can convert inactive drugs into potent therapeutics.}, number={22}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY}, author={Bowman, Mary-Catherine and Ballard, T. Eric and Ackerson, Christopher J. and Feldheim, Daniel L. and Margolis, David M. and Melander, Christian}, year={2008}, month={Jun}, pages={6896-+} }
 @article{ballard_melander_2008, title={Kinamycin-mediated DNA cleavage under biomimetic conditions}, volume={49}, ISSN={["0040-4039"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.03.019}, abstractNote={The kinamycins are biologically active secondary metabolites characterized by an uncommon diazobenzo[b]fluorene skeleton. Kinamycin D has been shown to potently cleave DNA under mild biomimetic conditions. Use of the endogenously abundant reductant glutathione at 570 μM, kinamycin D effectively cleaved DNA in a concentration, temperature, and time-dependent fashion. Dithiothreitol also proved effective at low concentration while other reductants failed to induce DNA cleavage. Mechanistic consequences of the DNA cleavage results are described.}, number={19}, journal={TETRAHEDRON LETTERS}, author={Ballard, T. Eric and Melander, Christian}, year={2008}, month={May}, pages={3157–3161} }
 @article{ballard_richards_wolfe_melander_2008, title={Synthesis and Antibiofilm Activity of a Second-Generation Reverse-Amide Oroidin Library: A Structure-Activity Relationship Study}, volume={14}, ISSN={["1521-3765"]}, DOI={10.1002/chem.200801419}, abstractNote={AbstractA second‐generation library of 2‐aminoimidazole‐based derivatives incorporating a “reversed amide” (RA) motif in comparison to the marine natural product oroidin were synthesized and subsequently assayed for antibiofilm activity against the medically relevant Gram‐negative proteobacteria P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii. Most notably, an in‐depth activity profile is reported for the most active subclass of derivatives that bear linear aliphatic chains off the amide bond. Additionally, further structural modifications of the core template, such as removal of the amide bond or substitution with a triazole isostere, resulted in the discovery of analogues with antibiofilm activities that varied with respect to their inhibition and dispersal properties of P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii biofilms.}, number={34}, journal={CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL}, author={Ballard, T. Eric and Richards, Justin J. and Wolfe, Amanda L. and Melander, Christian}, year={2008}, pages={10745–10761} }
 @article{richards_ballard_huigens_melander_2008, title={Synthesis and screening of an oroidin library against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms}, volume={9}, ISSN={["1439-4227"]}, DOI={10.1002/cbic.200700774}, abstractNote={AbstractA 50‐compound library based on the marine natural product oroidin was synthesized and assayed for anti‐biofilm activity against PAO1 and PA14, two strains of the medically relevant γ‐proteobacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Through structure–activity relationship (SAR) analysis of analogues based on the oroidin template, several conclusions can be drawn as to what structural properties of the synthetic derivatives are necessary to elicit a biological response. Notably, the most active analogues identified were those that contained a 2‐aminoimidazole (2‐AI) motif and a dibrominated pyrrolecarboxamide subunit. Here we disclose the synthesis and subsequently determined biological activity of this unique class of compounds as inhibitors of biofilm formation that have no direct antibiotic effect.}, number={8}, journal={CHEMBIOCHEM}, author={Richards, Justin J. and Ballard, T. Eric and Huigens, Robert W., III and Melander, Christian}, year={2008}, month={May}, pages={1267–1279} }
 @article{huigens_richards_parise_ballard_zeng_deora_melander_2007, title={Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation with bromoageliferin analogues}, volume={129}, number={22}, journal={Journal of the American Chemical Society}, author={Huigens, R. W. and Richards, J. J. and Parise, G. and Ballard, T. E. and Zeng, W. and Deora, R. and Melander, C.}, year={2007}, pages={6966-} }
 @article{zeng_ballard_tkachenko_burns_feldheim_melander_2006, title={Mimicking the biological activity of diazobenzo[b]fluorene natural products with electronically tuned diazofluorene analogs}, volume={16}, ISSN={["0960-894X"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.07.024}, abstractNote={Under appropriate electronic modulation, simple diazofluorene analogs recapitulate the DNA cleavage activity of kinamycin D under thiol-based reducing conditions. Achieving DNA cleavage under these reducing conditions is key to anticancer activity, as the most active compound, 1-methoxydiazofluorene, inhibits the proliferation of HeLa cells.}, number={19}, journal={BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS}, author={Zeng, Wei and Ballard, T. Eric and Tkachenko, Alexander G. and Burns, Virginia A. and Feldheim, Daniel L. and Melander, Christian}, year={2006}, month={Oct}, pages={5148–5151} }
 @article{zeng_ballard_melander_2006, title={Tuning the oxidation properties of vanadium(V) through ligand stoichiometry}, volume={47}, ISSN={["0040-4039"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.06.051}, abstractNote={Vanadium(V) (5 mol %) and hydroxamic acid ligand (45 mol %) were found to promote the selective tert-butyl hydroperoxide-mediated oxidation of allylic and propargylic alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes and ketones.}, number={33}, journal={TETRAHEDRON LETTERS}, author={Zeng, Wei and Ballard, T. Eric and Melander, Christian}, year={2006}, month={Aug}, pages={5923–5926} }