@article{kasparoglu_wright_petters_2022, title={Open-hardware design and characterization of an electrostatic aerosol precipitator}, volume={11}, ISSN={["2468-0672"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.ohx.2022.e00266}, abstractNote={Electrostatic precipitators are devices that remove charged particles from an air stream. We present the design and characterization of an electrostatic precipitator that is intended to be incorporated into aerosol sampling equipment. Hardware and software components of the design are open, all components can be directly purchased from vendors, and the device can be assembled with standard tools. Generic components are used to allow the repurposing of parts for other uses. The computer-controlled high-voltage power supply box associated with the project can be used for other common high-voltage applications in Aerosol Science and Technology, such as data acquisition and control systems for scanning mobility particle sizers. Computational fluid dynamics simulations are used to quantify the 3D flow field. The transfer function associated with the partial transmission is characterized through modeling and experiments. The observed transfer function is unique but deviates from the ideal transfer function due to the distortion of the flow near the inlet and the outlet of the device. Singly charged particles up to 624 nm and 253 nm can be completely removed for 0.5 L min−1 and 1 L min−1, respectively. We anticipate that our device will increase the accessibility of the technique to a broader audience.}, journal={HARDWAREX}, author={Kasparoglu, Sabin and Wright, Timothy P. and Petters, Markus D.}, year={2022}, month={Apr} }
 @article{hiranuma_augustin-bauditz_bingemer_budke_curtius_danielczok_diehl_dreischmeier_ebert_frank_et al._2015, title={A comprehensive laboratory study on the immersion freezing behavior of illite NX particles: A comparison of 17 ice nucleation measurement techniques}, volume={15}, number={5}, journal={Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics}, author={Hiranuma, N. and Augustin-Bauditz, S. and Bingemer, H. and Budke, C. and Curtius, J. and Danielczok, A. and Diehl, K. and Dreischmeier, K. and Ebert, M. and Frank, F. and et al.}, year={2015}, pages={2489–2518} }
 @article{petters_wright_2015, title={Revisiting ice nucleation from precipitation samples}, volume={42}, ISSN={["1944-8007"]}, DOI={10.1002/2015gl065733}, abstractNote={An emerging and unsolved question is the sensitivity of cloud processes, precipitation, and climate to the atmospheric ice nucleus spectrum. This work revisits estimation of atmospheric ice‐nucleating particle concentration derived from cloud water and precipitation samples representing a wide range of geographical locations, seasons, storm systems, precipitation types, instruments, concentrations, and temperatures. Concentrations of ice‐nucleating particles are shown to vary over 10 orders of magnitude. High variability is observed in the −5°C to −12°C range which is suggested to be biologically derived nuclei whose life cycle is associated with intermittent source and efficient sink processes. The highest ever observed nucleus concentrations at −8°C are 3 orders of magnitude lower than observed ice crystal concentrations in tropical cumuli at the same temperature. The observed upper and lower limits of the nucleus spectrum provide a possible constraint on minimum enhancement factors for secondary ice formation processes.}, number={20}, journal={GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS}, author={Petters, M. D. and Wright, T. P.}, year={2015}, month={Oct}, pages={8758–8766} }
 @article{hader_wright_petters_2014, title={Contribution of pollen to atmospheric ice nuclei concentrations}, volume={14}, number={11}, journal={Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics}, author={Hader, J. D. and Wright, T. P. and Petters, M. D.}, year={2014}, pages={5433–5449} }
 @misc{wright_hader_mcmeeking_petters_2014, title={High relative humidity as a trigger for widespread release of ice nuclei}, volume={48}, number={11}, journal={Aerosol Science and Technology}, author={Wright, T. P. and Hader, J. D. and McMeeking, G. R. and Petters, M. D.}, year={2014} }
 @article{wright_petters_hader_morton_holder_2013, title={Minimal cooling rate dependence of ice nuclei activity in the immersion mode}, volume={118}, ISSN={["2169-8996"]}, DOI={10.1002/jgrd.50810}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={18}, journal={JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES}, author={Wright, Timothy P. and Petters, Markus D. and Hader, John D. and Morton, Travis and Holder, Amara L.}, year={2013}, month={Sep}, pages={10535–10543} }
 @article{wright_petters_2013, title={The role of time in heterogeneous freezing nucleation}, volume={118}, ISSN={["2169-8996"]}, DOI={10.1002/jgrd.50365}, abstractNote={A small fraction of particles in the atmosphere can catalyze ice formation in cloud water drops through heterogeneous freezing nucleation at temperatures warmer than the homogeneous freezing temperature of approximately −38°C. The rate for heterogeneous freezing nucleation is dependent on several factors, including the type and surface area of dust that is immersed inside the drop. Although nucleation is an inherently stochastic process resulting from size fluctuations of the incipient ice germ, there is a growing body of literature that suggests that quasi‐deterministic models of ice nucleation can describe laboratory experiments. Here we present new experiments and simulations that aim to better constrain theoretical models fitted to laboratory data. We collected ice nucleation data for Arizona Test Dust aerosol immersed in water using a droplet freezing assay setup that allows for the cooling rates to be changed between 10 and 0.01 K min−1. Discrete event simulations based on a variant of the multiple‐component stochastic model of heterogeneous freezing nucleation were used to simulate different experimental procedures. The nucleation properties of the dust are specified by four material‐dependent parameters that accurately describe the time dependence of the freezing process. We anticipate that the combination of discrete event simulations and a spectrum of experimental procedures described here can be used to design more meaningful laboratory experiments probing ice nucleation and will aid the development of better parameterizations for use in models.}, number={9}, journal={JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES}, author={Wright, Timothy P. and Petters, Markus D.}, year={2013}, month={May}, pages={3731–3743} }