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R., Wineland, M. J., Christensen, V. L., Davis, S., & Mann, K. M. (2009). Embryonic development when eggs are turned different angles during incubation. JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH, 18(3), 447–451. https://doi.org/10.3382/japr.2008-00079 Benson, A. P., Christensen, V. L., Fairchild, B. D., & Davis, A. J. (2009). The mRNA for zona pellucida proteins B1, C and D in two genetic lines of turkey hens that differ in fertility. ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE, 111(2-4), 149–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2008.02.013 Oviedo-Rondon, E. O., Small, J., Wineland, M. J., Christensen, V. L., Mozdziak, P. S., Koci, M. D., … Mann, K. M. (2008). Broiler embryo bone development is influenced by incubator temperature, oxygen concentration and eggshell conductance at the plateau stage in oxygen consumption. BRITISH POULTRY SCIENCE, 49(6), 666–676. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071660802433149 Oviedo-Rondon, E. O., Small, J., Wineland, M. J., Christensen, V. L., Grimes, J. L., Funderburk, S. V. L., … Mann, K. M. (2008). Effects of incubator temperature and oxygen concentration during the plateau stage of oxygen consumption on turkey embryo long bone development. POULTRY SCIENCE, 87(8), 1484–1492. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2007-00470 Christensen, V. L., Ort, D. T., Nestor, K. E., Havenstein, G. B., & Velleman, S. G. (2008). Genetic control of embryonic cardiac growth and functional maturation in Turkeys. POULTRY SCIENCE, 87(5), 858–877. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2007-00363 Christensen, V. L., Havenstein, G. B., Ort, D. T., McMurtry, J. P., & Nestor, K. E. (2007). Dam line and sire line effects on turkey embryo survival and thyroid hormone concentrations at the plateau stage in oxygen consumption. POULTRY SCIENCE, 86(9), 1861–1872. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/86.9.1861 Hoffman, J. B., Benson, A. P., Christensen, V. L., Fairchild, B. D., & Davis, A. J. (2007). Follicular development and expression of the messenger ribonucleic acid for the inhibin/activin subunits in two genetic lines of turkey hens that differ in total egg production. POULTRY SCIENCE, 86(5), 944–952. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/86.5.944 Christensen, V. L., Ort, D. T., Nestor, K. E., Velleman, S. G., & Havenstein, G. B. (2007). Genetic control of neonatal growth and intestinal maturation in turkeys. POULTRY SCIENCE, 86(3), 476–487. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/86.3.476 Hamidu, J. A., Fasenko, G. M., Feddes, J. J. R., O'Dea, E. E., Ouellette, C. A., Wineland, M. J., & Christensent, V. L. (2007). The effect of broiler breeder genetic strain and parent flock age on eggshell conductance and embryonic metabolism. POULTRY SCIENCE, 86(11), 2420–2432. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2007-00265 Christensen, V. L., Fairchild, B. D., & Ort, D. T. (2006). Dam and sire effects on sperm penetration of the perivitelline layer of eggs produced by two strains of commercial turkeys. JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH, 15(1), 82–88. https://doi.org/10.1093/japr/15.1.82 Christensen, V. L., Grimes, J. L., Rowland, R. D., & Ort, D. T. (2006). Effect of chelated calcium proteinate fed in the maternal diet of turkey breeders on embryo cardiac physiology and poult quality. International Journal of Poultry Science, 5(4), 337. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2006.337.343 Croom, W. J., Decubellis, J., Coles, B. A., Daniel, L. R., & Christensen, V. L. (2006). Effect of in ovo peptide YY on the ontogeny of glucose transport in turkey poults. International Journal of Poultry Science, 5(2), 128. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2006.128.133 Wineland, M. W., Christensen, V. L., Yildrum, I., Fairchild, B. D., Mann, K. M., & Ort, D. T. (2006). Incubator temperature and oxygen concentration at the plateau stage in oxygen consumption affects intestinal maturation of broiler chicks. International Journal of Poultry Science, 5(3), 229. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2006.229.240 Christensen, V. L. (2005). Artificial insemination (poultry). In C. M. Kahn & S. Line (Eds.), Merck veterinary manual. Whitehouse Station, N.J. : Merck. Christensen, V. L., Fairchild, B. D., Ort, D. T., & Nestor, K. E. (2005). Dam and sire effects on sperm penetration of the perivitelline layer and resulting fecundity of different lines of turkeys. JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH, 14(3), 483–491. https://doi.org/10.1093/japr/14.3.483 Godwin, J. L., Grimes, J. L., Christensen, V. L., & Wineland, M. J. (2005). Effect of dietary phosphorus and phytase levels on the reproductive performance of large white turkey breeder hens. POULTRY SCIENCE, 84(3), 485–493. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/84.3.485 Christensen, V. L., Wineland, M. J., Ort, D. T., & Mann, K. M. (2005). Eggshell conductance and incubator ventilation as factors in embryo survival and poult quality. International Journal of Poultry Science, 4(11), 818. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2005.818.826 Suvarna, S., Christensen, V. L., Ort, D. T., & Croom, W. J. (2005). High levels of dietary carbohydrate increase glucose transport in poult intestine. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY, 141(3), 257–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpb.2005.03.008 Christensen, V. L., Wineland, M. J., Yildirum, I., Fairchild, B. D., Ort, D. T., & Mann, K. M. (2005). Incubator temperature and oxygen concentrations during the plateau stage in oxygen uptake affect turkey embryo plasma T4 and T3 concentrations. International Journal of Poultry Science, 4(5), 268. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2005.268.273 Fairchild, B. D., & Christensen, V. L. (2005). Influence of hen age and number of inseminated sperm on the number of holes hydrolyzed in the inner perivitelline layer of turkey eggs. JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH, 14(3), 576–581. https://doi.org/10.1093/japr/14.3.576 Rivera, R. E., Christensen, V. L., Edens, F. W., & Wineland, M. J. (2005). Influence of selenium on heat shock protein 70 expression in heat stressed turkey embryos (Meleagris gallopavo). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY, 142(4), 427–432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2005.09.006 Christensen, V. L., Fairchild, B. D., & Ort, D. T. (2005). The relationship between sperm hydrolysis of the perivitelline layer and embryonic livability. JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH, 14(1), 60–68. https://doi.org/10.1093/japr/14.1.60 Narushin, V. G., Kempen, T. A., Wineland, M. J., & Christensen, V. L. (2004). Comparing infrared spectroscopy and egg size measurements for predicting eggshell quality. BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING, 87(3), 367–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2003.12.006 Christensen, V. L., Wineland, M. J., Yildirum, I., Ort, D. T., & Mann, K. M. (2004). Incubator temperature and oxygen concentration at the plateau stage affect cardiac health of turkey embryos. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 3(2), 52. Christensen, V. L., Wineland, M. J., Yildirum, I., Ort, D. T., & Mann, K. M. (2004). Incubator temperature and oxygen concentration at the plateau stage affects intestinal maturation of turkey embryos. International Journal of Poultry Science, 3(6), 378. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2004.378.385 Christensen, V. L., & Davis, G. S. (2004). Maternal dietary iodide influences turkey embryo thyroid function. International Journal of Poultry Science, 3(9), 550. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2004.550.557 Suvarna, S., Christensen, V. L., Ort, D. T., & Croom, W. J. (2004). Ontogeny of intestinal glucose transport in heavy and light body weight turkey poults. International Journal of Poultry Science, 3(12), 783. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2004.783.790 Fasina, Y. O., Garlich, J. D., Classen, H. L., Ferket, P. R., Havenstein, G. B., Grimes, J. L., … Christensen, V. L. (2004). Response of turkey poults to soybean lectin levels typically encountered in commercial diets. 1. Effect on growth and nutrient digestibility. POULTRY SCIENCE, 83(9), 1559–1571. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/83.9.1559 Christensen, V. L., Ort, D. T., Wineland, M. J., & Grimes, J. L. (2004). Turkey sire effects on embryonic survival and physiology. International Journal of Poultry Science, 3(1), 80. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2004.80.88 Christensen, V. L., Grimes, J. L., Wineland, M. J., & Davis, G. S. (2003). Accelerating embryonic growth during incubation following prolonged egg storage 1. Embryonic livability. POULTRY SCIENCE, 82(12), 1863–1868. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/82.12.1863 Christensen, V. L., Grimes, J. L., Wineland, M. J., & Davis, G. S. (2003). Accelerating embryonic growth during incubation following prolonged egg storage 2. Embryonic growth and metabolism. Poultry Science, 82(12), 1869–1878. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/82.12.1869 Coles, B. A., Croom, J., Daniel, L. R., Christensen, V. L., & Taylor, I. L. (2003). In ovo peptide YY administration and jejunal glucose transport in hatchling turkey poults: Effects of dosage and genotype. International Journal of Poultry Science, 2(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2003.1.6 Christensen, V. L., Ort, D. T., & Grimes, J. L. (2003). Physiological factors associated with weak neonatal poults (Meleagris gallopavo). International Journal of Poultry Science, 2(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2003.7.14 Christensen, V. L., Ort, D. T., Suvarna, S., Croom, W. J., & Grimes, J. L. (2003). Relationship of the eggshell conductance constant to intestinal physiology. International Journal of Poultry Science, 2(3), 207. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2003.207.213 Christensen, V. L., Ort, D. T., & Grimes, J. L. (2003). Relationship of the eggshell conductance constant to neonatal cardiac physiology. International Journal of Poultry Science, 2(3), 220. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2003.220.228 Crouch, A. N., Grimes, J. L., Christensen, V. L., & Krueger, K. K. (2002). Effect of physical feed restriction during rearing on Large White turkey breeder hens: 3. Body and carcass composition. POULTRY SCIENCE, 81(12), 1792–1797. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/81.12.1792 Crouch, A. N., Grimes, J. L., Christensen, V. L., & Krueger, K. K. (2002). Effect of physical feed restriction during rearing on large white turkey breeder hens: 1. Growth performance. POULTRY SCIENCE, 81(1), 9–15. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/81.1.9 Crouch, A. N., Grimes, J. L., Christensen, V. L., & Krueger, K. K. (2002). Effect of physical feed restriction during rearing on large white turkey breeder hens: 2. Reproductive performance. POULTRY SCIENCE, 81(1), 16–22. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/81.1.16 Christensen, V. L., Wineland, M. J., Fasenko, G. M., & Donaldson, W. E. (2002). Egg storage alters weight of supply and demand organs of broiler chicken embryos. POULTRY SCIENCE, 81(11), 1738–1743. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/81.11.1738 Christensen, V. L., Wineland, M. J., Fasenko, G. M., & Donaldson, W. E. (2002). Egg storage effects on plasma glucose and supply and demand tissue glycogen concentrations of broiler embryos (vol 80, pg 1729, 2001). Poultry Science, 81(4), 595. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/81.4.595 Christensen, V. L., Davis, G. S., & Nestor, K. E. (2002). Environmental incubation factors influence embryonic thyroid hormones. POULTRY SCIENCE, 81(4), 442–450. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/81.4.442 Fairchild, B. D., Christensen, V. L., Grimes, J. L., Wineland, M. J., & Bagley, L. G. (2002). Hen age relationship with embryonic mortality and fertility in commercial turkeys. JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH, 11(3), 260–265. https://doi.org/10.1093/japr/11.3.260 Christensen, V. L., & Fairchild, B. D. (2002). Maternal and environmental influence on fertility and embryonic survival. AVIAN AND POULTRY BIOLOGY REVIEWS, 13(3), 133–137. https://doi.org/10.3184/147020602783698584 Carver, D. K., Grimes, J. L., Christensen, V. L., Joyce, K. A., Fairchild, B. D., & Fairchild, A. S. (2001). A novel delivery of oxytetracycline in turkey breeder hens. AVIAN DISEASES, 45(2), 437–441. https://doi.org/10.2307/1592984 Christensen, V. L., Grimes, J. L., Wineland, M. J., & Bagley, L. G. (2001). Effects of turkey breeder hen age, strain, and length of the incubation period on survival of embryos and hatchlings. JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH, 10(1), 5–15. https://doi.org/10.1093/japr/10.1.5 Christensen, V. L., Wineland, M. J., Fasenko, G. M., & Donaldson, W. E. (2001). Egg storage effects on plasma glucose and supply and demand tissue glycogen concentrations of broiler embryos. POULTRY SCIENCE, 80(12), 1729–1735. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/80.12.1729 Fasenko, G. M., Christensen, V. L., Wineland, M. J., & Petitte, J. N. (2001). Examining the effects of prestorage incubation of turkey breeder eggs on embryonic development and hatchability of eggs stored for four or fourteen days. POULTRY SCIENCE, 80(2), 132–138. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/80.2.132 Christensen, V. L. (2001). Factors associated with early embryonic mortality. WORLDS POULTRY SCIENCE JOURNAL, 57(4), 359–372. https://doi.org/10.1079/wps20010025 Coles, B. A., Croom, J., Daniel, L. R., Christensen, V. L., & Eisen, E. J. (2001). In ovo peptide YY administration improves body weight at hatch and day 3 in turkey poults. JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH, 10(4), 380–384. https://doi.org/10.1093/japr/10.4.380 Christensen, V. L., McMurtry, J. P., Donaldson, W. E., & Nestor, K. E. (2001). Incubation temperature affects plasma insulin-like growth factors in embryos from selected lines of turkeys. POULTRY SCIENCE, 80(7), 949–954. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/80.7.949 Christensen, V. L., & Phelps, P. (2001). Injection of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone in turkey embryos elevates plasma thyroxine concentrations. POULTRY SCIENCE, 80(5), 643–646. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/80.5.643 Christensen, V. L., & Davis, G. S. (2001). Maternal dietary iodide influences turkey embryonic thyroid function. Poultry Science, 80(9), 1286–1292. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/80.9.1286 Christensen, D. V. (2001). New ideas for egg handling and incubation. Zootecnica International, (7), 25. Crouch, A. N., Grimes, J. L., Christensen, V. L., & Garlich, J. D. (2001). Restriction of feed consumption and body weight in turkey breeder hens during the rearing period to improve reproductive performance. Zootecnica International, (5), 50. Christensen, V. L., Grimes, J. L., Donaldson, W. E., & Lerner, S. (2000). Correlation of body weight with hatchling blood glucose concentration and its relationship to embryonic survival. POULTRY SCIENCE, 79(12), 1817–1822. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/79.12.1817 Christensen, V. L., Noble, D. O., & Nestor, K. E. (2000). Influence of selection for increased body weight, egg production, and shank width on the length of the incubation period of turkeys. POULTRY SCIENCE, 79(5), 613–618. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/79.5.613 Christensen, V. L., Grimes, J. L., Donaldson, W. E., & Lerner, S. (2000). Paternal influences on turkey embryonic growth in the absence of changes in egg weight and eggshell conductance. POULTRY SCIENCE, 79(12), 1810–1816. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/79.12.1810 Fairchild, B. D., & Christensen, V. L. (2000). Photostimulation of turkey eggs accelerates hatching times without affecting hatchability, liver or heart growth, or glycogen content. POULTRY SCIENCE, 79(11), 1627–1631. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/79.11.1627 Christensen, V. L., Donaldson, W. E., Nestor, K. E., & McMurtry, J. P. (1999). Effect of genetics and maternal dietary iodide supplementation on glycogen content of organs within embryonic turkeys. POULTRY SCIENCE, 78(6), 890–898. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/78.6.890 Christensen, V. L., Donaldson, W. E., Nestor, K. E., & McMurtry, J. P. (1999). Effect of genetics and maternal dietary iodide supplementation on turkey embryonic growth. POULTRY SCIENCE, 78(6), 883–889. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/78.6.883 Christensen, V. L., Donaldson, W. E., & Nestor, K. E. (1999). Effect of supplemental oxygen on blood plasma organic acids within embryos from selected lines of turkeys. POULTRY SCIENCE, 78(11), 1601–1605. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/78.11.1601 Coles, B. A., Croom, W. J., Brake, J., Daniel, L. R., Christensen, V. L., Phelps, C. P., … Taylor, I. L. (1999). In ovo peptide YY administration improves growth and feed conversion ratios in week-old broiler chicks. POULTRY SCIENCE, 78(9), 1320–1322. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/78.9.1320 Caldwell, S. R., Johnson, A. F., Yule, T. D., Grimes, J. L., Ficken, M., & Christensen, V. L. (1999). Increased egg production in juvenile turkey hens after active immunization with vasoactive intestinal peptide. Poultry Science, 78(6), 899–901. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/78.6.899 Croom, W. J., Brake, J., Coles, B. A., Havenstein, G. B., Christensen, V. L., McBride, B. W., … Taylor, I. L. (1999). Is intestinal absorption capacity rate-limiting for performance in poultry? JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH, 8(2), 242–252. https://doi.org/10.1093/japr/8.2.242 Christensen, V. L., Donaldson, W. E., & Nestor, K. E. (1999). Length of the plateau and pipping stages of incubation affects the physiology and survival of turkeys. BRITISH POULTRY SCIENCE, 40(2), 297–303. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071669987737 Crouch, A. N., Grimes, J. L., Christensen, V. L., & Garlich, J. D. (1999). Restriction of feed consumption and body weight in two strains of large white turkey breeder hens. POULTRY SCIENCE, 78(8), 1102–1109. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/78.8.1102 Christensen, V. L., McMurtry, J. P., Donaldson, W. E., & Nestor, K. E. (1999). Supplemental oxygen affects plasma insulin-like growth factors in embryos from selected lines of turkeys. POULTRY SCIENCE, 78(11), 1606–1610. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/78.11.1606 Fan, Y. K., Croom, W. J., Christensen, V. L., Bird, A. R., Daniel, L. R., McBride, B. W., & Eisen, E. J. (1998). Apparent energetic efficiency of jejunal glucose uptake in young adult turkeys selected for rapid growth. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, 78(3), 301–306. https://doi.org/10.4141/A97-099 Temple, L. M., Weiss, A. A., Walker, K. E., Barnes, H. J., Christensen, V. L., Miyamoto, D. M., … Orndorff, P. E. (1998). Bordetella avium virulence measured in vivo and in vitro. Infection and Immunity, 66(11), 5244–5251. Grimes, J. L., Christensen, V. L., & Whittaker, R. (1997). Filtering and the viability of turkey spermatozoa. JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH, 6(1), 34–38. https://doi.org/10.1093/japr/6.1.34 Queen, W. H., Christensen, V. L., & May, J. D. (1997). Supplemental thyroid hormones and molting in turkey breeder hens. POULTRY SCIENCE, 76(6), 887–893. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/76.6.887 Christensen, V. L., Davis, G. S., & Lucore, L. A. (1996). Eggshell conductance and other functional qualities of ostrich eggs. POULTRY SCIENCE, 75(11), 1404–1410. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0751404 Christensen, V. L. (1996). Embryonic turkey respiration important to hatch and quality. Poultry Digest, 55(9), 21. Christensen, V. L., Donaldson, W. E., & McMurtry, J. P. (1996). Physiological differences in late embryos from turkey breeders at different ages. POULTRY SCIENCE, 75(2), 172–178. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0750172 CHRISTENSEN, V. L., HAVENSTEIN, G. B., & DAVIS, G. S. (1995). EGG CHARACTERISTICS, CARBOHYDRATE-METABOLISM, AND THYROID-HORMONES IN LATE CHICK-EMBRYOS FROM DIFFERENT GENETIC LINES. POULTRY SCIENCE, 74(3), 551–562. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0740551 Christensen, V. L. (1995). Factors affecting hatchability of turkey embryos. Poultry and Avian Biology Reviews, 6(1), 71. CHRISTENSEN, V. L., & NESTOR, K. E. (1994). CHANGES IN FUNCTIONAL QUALITIES OF TURKEY EGGSHELLS IN STRAINS SELECTED FOR INCREASED EGG-PRODUCTION OR GROWTH. POULTRY SCIENCE, 73(9), 1458–1464. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0731458 CHRISTENSEN, V. L., & DONALDSON, W. E. (1994). EFFECTS OF THE MATERNAL THYROID STATUS ON EMBRYO PHYSIOLOGY AND HATCHABILITY OF COMMERCIAL TURKEY EGGS. POULTRY SCIENCE, 73(2), 236–244. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0730236 CHRISTENSEN, V. L., DONALDSON, W. E., & NESTOR, K. E. (1993). EFFECT OF MATERNAL DIETARY TRIIODOTHYRONINE ON EMBRYONIC PHYSIOLOGY OF TURKEYS. POULTRY SCIENCE, 72(12), 2316–2327. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0722316 CHRISTENSEN, V. L., DONALDSON, W. E., & NESTOR, K. E. (1993). EMBRYONIC VIABILITY AND METABOLISM IN TURKEY LINES SELECTED FOR EGG-PRODUCTION OR GROWTH. POULTRY SCIENCE, 72(5), 829–838. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0720829 Christensen, U. L. (1993). 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