@misc{disanto_subramanian_gu_2015, title={Recent advances in nanotechnology for diabetes treatment}, volume={7}, ISSN={["1939-0041"]}, DOI={10.1002/wnan.1329}, abstractNote={Nanotechnology in diabetes research has facilitated the development of novel glucose measurement and insulin delivery modalities which hold the potential to dramatically improve quality of life for diabetics. Recent progress in the field of diabetes research at its interface with nanotechnology is our focus. In particular, we examine glucose sensors with nanoscale components including metal nanoparticles and carbon nanostructures. The addition of nanoscale components commonly increases glucose sensor sensitivity, temporal response, and can lead to sensors which facilitate continuous in vivo glucose monitoring. Additionally, we survey nanoscale approaches to 'closed-loop' insulin delivery strategies which automatically release insulin in response to fluctuating blood glucose levels (BGLs). 'Closing the loop' between BGL measurements and insulin administration by removing the requirement of patient action holds the potential to dramatically improve the health and quality of life of diabetics. Advantages and limitations of current strategies, as well as future opportunities and challenges are also discussed.}, number={4}, journal={WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY}, author={DiSanto, Rocco Michael and Subramanian, Vinayak and Gu, Zhen}, year={2015}, pages={548–564} }
 @article{tai_mo_di_subramanian_gu_buse_gu_2014, title={Bio-lnspired Synthetic Nanovesicles for Glucose-Responsive Release of Insulin}, volume={15}, ISSN={["1526-4602"]}, DOI={10.1021/bm500364a}, abstractNote={A new glucose-responsive formulation for self-regulated insulin delivery was constructed by packing insulin, glucose-specific enzymes into pH-sensitive polymersome-based nanovesicles assembled by a diblock copolymer. Glucose can passively transport across the bilayer membrane of the nanovesicle and be oxidized into gluconic acid by glucose oxidase, thereby causing a decrease in local pH. The acidic microenvironment causes the hydrolysis of the pH sensitive nanovesicle that in turn triggers the release of insulin in a glucose responsive fashion. In vitro studies validated that the release of insulin from nanovesicle was effectively correlated with the external glucose concentration. In vivo experiments, in which diabetic mice were subcutaneously administered with the nanovesicles, demonstrate that a single injection of the developed nanovesicle facilitated stabilization of the blood glucose levels in the normoglycemic state (<200 mg/dL) for up to 5 days.}, number={10}, journal={BIOMACROMOLECULES}, author={Tai, Wanyi and Mo, Ran and Di, Jin and Subramanian, Vinayak and Gu, Xiao and Buse, John B. and Gu, Zhen}, year={2014}, month={Oct}, pages={3495–3502} }