Works (44)

Updated: April 4th, 2024 22:17

2011 journal article

Fozivudine Tidoxil as Single-Agent Therapy Decreases Plasma and Cell-Associated Viremia during Acute Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, 25(3), 413–418.

By: J. Fogle n, W. Tompkins n, B. Campbell*, D. Sumner* & M. Tompkins n

author keywords: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; Antiretroviral therapy; Lentivirus; Zidovudine
MeSH headings : Animals; Antiviral Agents / therapeutic use; Cat Diseases / drug therapy; Cat Diseases / virology; Cats; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline / drug effects; Lentivirus Infections / drug therapy; Lipids / therapeutic use; Male; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; Viremia / drug therapy; Viremia / veterinary; Zidovudine / analogs & derivatives; Zidovudine / therapeutic use
TL;DR: Treatment of cats with FZD during the acute stage of FIV infection decreased plasma and cell-associated viremia during the first 2 weeks of infection, but was not protective against FIV, as all cats were infected by 6 weeks. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2010 journal article

CD4(+)CD25(+) T Regulatory Cells Inhibit CD8(+) IFN-gamma Production During Acute and Chronic FIV Infection Utilizing a Membrane TGF-beta-Dependent Mechanism

AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES, 26(2), 201–216.

By: J. Fogle n, A. Mexas*, W. Tompkins n & M. Tompkins n

MeSH headings : Animals; CD4 Antigens / analysis; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology; Cat Diseases / immunology; Cat Diseases / virology; Cats; Immune Tolerance; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline / immunology; Interferon-gamma / antagonists & inhibitors; Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit / analysis; Lentivirus Infections / veterinary; Lentivirus Infections / virology; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / chemistry; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / immunology; Transforming Growth Factor beta / immunology
TL;DR: The results demonstrate the suppressive effect CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cells have on the CD8(+) immune response during the acute and chronic stages of FIV infection and suggest that the mechanism of suppression may be mediated by mTGF-beta. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2010 journal article

CD4(+)CD25(+) T regulatory cells from FIV+ cats induce a unique anergic profile in CD8(+) lymphocyte targets

RETROVIROLOGY, 7.

By: J. Fogle n, W. Tompkins n & M. Tompkins n

MeSH headings : Animals; CD4 Antigens / immunology; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / cytology; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / metabolism; Cats; Cell Cycle / immunology; Clonal Anergy; Coculture Techniques; Down-Regulation; Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / immunology; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline; Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit / immunology; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / immunology
TL;DR: It is suggested that CD4+CD25+ Treg cells from FIV+ cats induce CD8+ anergy by disruption of normal G1 to S cell cycle progression. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2008 journal article

CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells are infected and activated during acute FIV infection

VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY, 126(3-4), 263–272.

By: A. Mexas n, J. Fogle n, W. Tompkins n & M. Tompkins n

author keywords: FIV; HIV; Regulatory T cells; Acute infection
MeSH headings : Animals; Cat Diseases / immunology; Cats; Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / immunology; Flow Cytometry / veterinary; Forkhead Transcription Factors / metabolism; Gene Expression Regulation / immunology; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline / genetics; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline / immunology; Interleukin-2 / immunology; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / virology; Viremia / veterinary
TL;DR: The hypothesis that early activation of Treg immunosuppressor function may limit an effective anti-FIV response is supported, contributing to the establishment of chronic infection and the immunodeficiency caused by this virus. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2008 article

Lentivirus-induced immune dysregulation

Tompkins, M. B., & Tompkins, W. A. (2008, May 15). VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY, Vol. 123, pp. 45–55.

By: M. Tompkins n & W. Tompkins n

author keywords: FIV; AIDS; immune suppression; immune regulation
MeSH headings : Animals; Antibody Formation / immunology; Apoptosis / immunology; Cats; Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / immunology; Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / virology; Immunity, Cellular / immunology; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline / immunology
TL;DR: FIV infection of cats provides a number of advantages over other lentivirus infections as a model to study this immune dysregulation, including polyclonal B cell responses, gradual replacement of naïve CD4 (+) and CD8(+) T cell phenotypes with activation phenotypes, and the chronic activation of CD4(+)CD25(-) Treg cells. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2008 journal article

Transforming growth factor-beta/transforming growth factor-beta RII signaling may regulate CD4(+)CD25(+) T-regulatory cell homeostasis and suppressor function in feline AIDS lentivirus infection

JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES, 47(2), 148–160.

By: C. Petty n, M. Tompkins n & W. Tompkins n

author keywords: AIDS; immunodeficiency diseases; other animals; T lymphocytes
MeSH headings : Animals; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology; Cats; Cells, Cultured; Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / immunology; Flow Cytometry; Gene Expression Regulation; Homeostasis; Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit / analysis; Leukocytes, Mononuclear / immunology; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / immunology; Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / immunology; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; T-Lymphocyte Subsets / immunology; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / immunology; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / immunology; Transforming Growth Factor beta / immunology
TL;DR: The data suggest that the recruitment of Treg cells from the Th pool and suppressor function of T Reg cells are dependent on the TGFβ/TGFβ-RII signaling pathway and that this pathway is constitutively upregulated in asymptomatic chronically FIV-infected cats. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2007 journal article

Cloning of feline FOXP3 and detection of expression in CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells

VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY, 122(1-2), 159–166.

By: S. Lankford n, C. Petty n, A. La Voy n, S. Reckling n, W. Tompkins n & G. Dean n

author keywords: Foxp3; feline; Treg; regulatory T cells; toll-like receptors
MeSH headings : Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; Cats; Cloning, Molecular; Forkhead Transcription Factors / chemistry; Forkhead Transcription Factors / genetics; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; RNA, Messenger / analysis; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / metabolism; Toll-Like Receptors / physiology
TL;DR: The feline FOXP3 is 1293 nucleotides in length and codes for a protein that shares high homology to other species and provides useful tools to further investigate Foxp3 and Tregs in cats. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
15. Life on Land (OpenAlex)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2005 journal article

Different thresholds of T cell activation regulate FIV infection of CD4(+)CD25(+) and CD4(+)CD25(-) cells

VIROLOGY, 335(2), 212–221.

By: A. Joshi n, H. Garg n, M. Tompkins n & W. Tompkins n

author keywords: treg cells; latency; activation; reservoirs; HIV; FIV; IL-2
MeSH headings : Animals; Apoptosis; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / drug effects; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / metabolism; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / virology; Cats; Cell Proliferation / drug effects; Cells, Cultured; Concanavalin A / pharmacology; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline / drug effects; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline / immunology; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline / physiology; Interleukin-2 / pharmacology; Lymphocyte Activation / drug effects; Lymphocyte Activation / immunology; Mitogens / pharmacology; Receptors, Interleukin-2 / genetics; Receptors, Interleukin-2 / immunology; Receptors, Interleukin-2 / metabolism; Up-Regulation / drug effects; Virus Latency / drug effects; Virus Replication / drug effects
TL;DR: The results suggest that CD4(+)CD25(+) and CD4 (+)CD 25(+) T cells have different activation requirements which can be modulated by both viral and cytokine stimuli to reach threshold activation levels in order to harbor a productive FIV infection. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2005 journal article

Preferential feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection of CD4(+) CD25(+) T-regulatory cells correlates both with surface expression of CXCR4 and activation of FIV long terminal repeat binding cellular transcriptional factors

JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, 79(8), 4965–4976.

By: A. Joshi n, H. Garg n, M. Tompkins n & W. Tompkins n

MeSH headings : Animals; Benzylamines; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / virology; Cats; Cells, Cultured; Cyclams; Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / immunology; Heterocyclic Compounds / pharmacology; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline / immunology; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline / physiology; Lymph Nodes / immunology; Lymph Nodes / virology; Receptors, CXCR4 / antagonists & inhibitors; Receptors, CXCR4 / genetics; Receptors, Interleukin-2 / immunology; T-Lymphocytes / immunology; T-Lymphocytes / virology; Virus Replication
TL;DR: This is the first report elucidating the mechanisms that allow for productive lentiviral infection of CD4+ CD25+ Treg cells and constitutive and IL-2-responsive transactivation of activating transcription factor, CAAT enhancer binding protein, and activating protein 1 transcription factors that are important for FIV replication. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2005 article

The role of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells in viral infections

Vahlenkamp, T. W., Tompkins, M. B., & Tompkins, W. A. F. (2005, October 18). VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY, Vol. 108, pp. 219–225.

By: T. Vahlenkamp*, M. Tompkins n & W. Tompkins n

author keywords: regulatory T cells; viral infection; immune regulation; immunosuppression
MeSH headings : Animals; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology; Herpesviridae Infections / immunology; Immune Tolerance; Lymphocyte Activation; Mice; Picornaviridae Infections / immunology; Receptors, Interleukin-2 / metabolism; Retroviridae Infections / immunology; T-Lymphocyte Subsets / immunology; Virus Diseases / immunology
TL;DR: The findings that T reg cells influence the functional immunity during viral infections might indicate that, in some cases, virus-specific T reg Cells not only influence immune pathology or prevent pathogen elimination but also can promote a generalized state of immunosuppression in vivo such that the host is more susceptible to secondary infections with other pathogens or has reduced resistance to tumors. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2004 journal article

B7(+)CTLA4(+) T cells engage in T-T cell interactions that mediate apoptosis: a model for lentivirus-induced T cell depletion

VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY, 98(3-4), 203–214.

By: T. Vahlenkamp n, M. Bull n, J. Dow n, E. Collisson*, B. Winslow, A. Phadke*, W. Tompkins n, M. Tompkins n

author keywords: FIV; apoptosis; 137 costimulatory molecules; CTLA4
MeSH headings : Animals; Antigens, CD / biosynthesis; Antigens, CD / immunology; Antigens, Differentiation / biosynthesis; Antigens, Differentiation / immunology; Apoptosis / immunology; B7-1 Antigen / biosynthesis; B7-1 Antigen / immunology; B7-2 Antigen; CTLA-4 Antigen; Cats; Cell Communication / immunology; Concanavalin A / immunology; Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / immunology; Flow Cytometry / veterinary; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline / immunology; In Situ Nick-End Labeling / veterinary; Ionomycin / immunology; Lymphocyte Activation / immunology; Membrane Glycoproteins / biosynthesis; Membrane Glycoproteins / immunology; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; T-Lymphocytes / immunology; T-Lymphocytes / virology; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / immunology
TL;DR: The hypothesis that the chronic expansion of B7+CTLA4+ LN T cells in infected cats allows for T-T cell interactions resulting in T cell depletion and eventually the development of AIDS is supported. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2004 journal article

Failure of FIV-infected cats to control Toxoplasma gondii correlates with reduced IL2, IL6, and IL12 and elevated IL10 expression by lymph node T cells

VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY, 98(1-2), 101–111.

By: J. Levy*, Y. Liang n, J. Ritchey, M. Davidson n, W. Tompkins n & M. Tompkins n

author keywords: FIV; cytokine; Toxoplasma gondii
MeSH headings : Animals; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology; Cat Diseases / genetics; Cat Diseases / immunology; Cats; Gene Expression; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline; Interleukin-10 / genetics; Interleukin-12 / genetics; Interleukin-2 / genetics; Interleukin-6 / genetics; Interleukins / genetics; Lentivirus Infections / complications; Lentivirus Infections / genetics; Lentivirus Infections / immunology; Lentivirus Infections / veterinary; RNA, Messenger / genetics; RNA, Messenger / metabolism; T-Lymphocytes / immunology; Toxoplasmosis, Animal / complications; Toxoplasmosis, Animal / genetics; Toxoplasmosis, Animal / immunology
TL;DR: Elevated IL10 may suppress a Th1 cytokine response to T. gondii challenge, and control and FIV-infected cats showed increased expression of IL2, IFNgamma, IL10, IL12, and IL6 mRNAs. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2004 journal article

Feline immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein mediates apoptosis in activated PBMC by a mechanism dependent on gp41 function

VIROLOGY, 330(2), 424–436.

By: H. Garg n, A. Joshi n & W. Tompkins n

author keywords: FIV; envelope; apoptosis; fusion; syncytia; CD134; CXCR4
MeSH headings : Animals; Anti-HIV Agents / pharmacology; Apoptosis; Benzylamines; Cats; Cell Fusion; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Cyclams; Glycoproteins / genetics; Glycoproteins / physiology; Heterocyclic Compounds / pharmacology; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline / pathogenicity; Leukocytes, Mononuclear / cytology; Leukocytes, Mononuclear / virology; Membrane Fusion; Mutation / genetics; Mutation / physiology; Receptors, CXCR4 / antagonists & inhibitors; Receptors, OX40; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; Viral Envelope Proteins / genetics; Viral Envelope Proteins / physiology; Viral Fusion Proteins / genetics; Viral Fusion Proteins / physiology
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that membrane-expressed FIV Env induces apoptosis in activated feline peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by a mechanism that requires CX CR4 binding, as the process was inhibited by CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 in a dose-dependent manner. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2004 journal article

Feline immunodeficiency virus infection phenotypically and functionally activates immunosuppressive CD4(+)CD25(+) T regulatory cells

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, 172(8), 4752–4761.

By: T. Vahlenkamp n, M. Tompkins n & W. Tompkins n

MeSH headings : Animals; Antigens, CD / biosynthesis; Antigens, CD / metabolism; Antigens, Differentiation / biosynthesis; Antigens, Viral / biosynthesis; B7-1 Antigen / biosynthesis; B7-1 Antigen / metabolism; B7-2 Antigen; CTLA-4 Antigen; Cats; Cell Division / immunology; Cell Separation; Cells, Cultured; Chronic Disease; Coculture Techniques; Concanavalin A / pharmacology; Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / immunology; Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / virology; Immune Tolerance; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline / immunology; Immunophenotyping; Interleukin-2 / biosynthesis; Interleukin-2 / deficiency; Ligands; Lipopolysaccharides / pharmacology; Lymph Nodes / cytology; Lymph Nodes / immunology; Lymphocyte Activation / immunology; Lymphocyte Count; Membrane Glycoproteins / biosynthesis; Membrane Glycoproteins / metabolism; Receptors, Interleukin-2 / biosynthesis; Receptors, Interleukin-2 / blood; Receptors, Interleukin-2 / metabolism; T-Lymphocyte Subsets / immunology; T-Lymphocyte Subsets / metabolism; T-Lymphocyte Subsets / virology; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / immunology; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / metabolism; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / virology; Up-Regulation / immunology
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2004 journal article

Mechanism of feline immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein-mediated fusion

VIROLOGY, 321(2), 274–286.

By: H. Garg n, F. Fuller n & W. Tompkins n

author keywords: feline immunodeficiency virus; glycoprotein-mediated fusion; lentiviruses
MeSH headings : Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Benzylamines; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / metabolism; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / virology; Cats; Cell Line; Cyclams; Giant Cells; Heterocyclic Compounds / pharmacology; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline / isolation & purification; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline / physiology; Molecular Sequence Data; Peptides / chemical synthesis; Peptides / pharmacology; Protein Conformation; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Receptors, CXCR4 / antagonists & inhibitors; Receptors, CXCR4 / physiology; Sequence Alignment; Tryptophan; Viral Fusion Proteins / genetics; Viral Fusion Proteins / metabolism; Viral Fusion Proteins / physiology
TL;DR: It is shown that a conserved tryptophan-rich region in the membrane proximal ectodomain of gp41 is critical for fusion, possibly at steps post hairpin structure formation, and that the mechanism and kinetics are similar to HIV env. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2004 journal article

Preferential replication of FIV in activated CD4(+)CD25(+)T cells independent of cellular proliferation

VIROLOGY, 321(2), 307–322.

By: A. Joshi n, T. Vahlenkamp n, H. Garg n, W. Tompkins n & M. Tompkins n

author keywords: FIV; HIV; AIDS; latency; stimulation; anergy; apoptosis; reservoir
MeSH headings : Animals; Apoptosis; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / virology; Cats; Cell Division / immunology; Disease Models, Animal; Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / immunology; Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / virology; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline / physiology; Lymphocyte Activation; Receptors, Interleukin-2 / analysis; Virus Latency; Virus Replication
TL;DR: The ability of CD4(+)CD25(+) cells to replicate FIV efficiently in the presence of IL-2 but remain anergic and unresponsive to apoptotic signaling suggests that these cells may provide a reservoir of productive FIV infection. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2004 journal article

Spontaneous T cell apoptosis in feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)-infected cats is inhibited by IL2 and anti-B7.1 antibodies

VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY, 99(1-2), 25–37.

By: M. Bull n, T. Vahlenkamp n, J. Dow n, E. Collisson*, B. Winslow, A. Phadke*, M. Tompkins n, W. Tompkins n

author keywords: FIV; apoptosis; IL2; B7 co-stimulatory molecules; CTLA4
MeSH headings : Animals; Antibodies, Blocking / immunology; Antigens, CD / immunology; Apoptosis / drug effects; Apoptosis / immunology; B7-2 Antigen; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / pathology; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / virology; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / pathology; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / virology; Cats; Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / blood; Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / immunology; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline / genetics; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline / immunology; In Situ Nick-End Labeling / veterinary; Interleukin-2 / immunology; Interleukin-2 / pharmacology; Lymph Nodes / immunology; Lymphocyte Activation / immunology; Membrane Glycoproteins / antagonists & inhibitors; Membrane Glycoproteins / immunology; RNA, Viral / chemistry; RNA, Viral / genetics; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
TL;DR: A role of B7 signaling in the increased spontaneous apoptosis observed in LN T cells from FIV-infected animals is suggested. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2003 journal article

Evaluation of T lymphocytes in captive African lions (Panthera leo) infected with feline immunodeficiency virus

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH, 64(10), 1293–1300.

By: M. Bull n, S. Kennedy-Stoskopf n, J. Levine n, M. Loomis*, D. Gebhard* & W. Tompkins n

MeSH headings : Animals; Animals, Zoo; Antibodies, Viral / blood; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology; Cats; Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / immunology; Female; Flow Cytometry; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline; Lions / immunology; North Carolina; T-Lymphocytes / immunology
TL;DR: FIV+ African lions develop lymphocyte deficiencies, including significant decreases in the absolute number of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells; these findings of immune dysfunction are similar to those defined for FIV+ domestic cats. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2002 journal article

C-terminal gp40 peptide analogs inhibit feline immunodeficiency virus: Cell fusion and virus spread

JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, 76(18), 9079–9086.

By: R. Medinas n, D. Lambert & W. Tompkins n

MeSH headings : Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Antiviral Agents / chemical synthesis; Antiviral Agents / chemistry; Antiviral Agents / pharmacology; Cats; Cell Fusion; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; HIV Envelope Protein gp41 / chemistry; HIV-1 / drug effects; HIV-1 / physiology; HeLa Cells; Humans; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline / drug effects; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline / physiology; Membrane Fusion / drug effects; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Sequence Data; Peptide Fragments / chemical synthesis; Peptide Fragments / chemistry; Peptide Fragments / pharmacology; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Viral Plaque Assay
TL;DR: Synthetic peptides derived from the HR2 domain of the FIV gp41 protein are effective inhibitors of FIV infection, demonstrating the conservation of the gp41 ectodomain among lentiviruses. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2002 journal article

Evaluation of FIV protein-expressing VEE-replicon vaccine vectors in cats

VACCINE, 21(3-4), 258–268.

By: M. Burkhard n, L. Valenski n, S. Leavell n, G. Dean n & W. Tompkins n

author keywords: Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus; VEE-replicon particles; feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)
MeSH headings : Animals; Antibodies, Viral / biosynthesis; Antibodies, Viral / blood; Cats; Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine / genetics; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / immunology; Female; Genetic Vectors / genetics; Glycoproteins; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline / immunology; T-Lymphocyte Subsets / immunology; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / immunology; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / immunology; Vaccines, Synthetic / administration & dosage; Vaccines, Synthetic / immunology; Vagina / immunology; Vagina / virology; Viral Envelope Proteins; Viral Vaccines / administration & dosage; Viral Vaccines / immunology; Viremia / blood
TL;DR: Despite induction of Fiv-specific immune responses and nonspecific suppressor responses, all cats became infected following vaginal challenge with high dose, pathogenic cell-associated FIV-NCSU, although relative early maintenance of CD4+ cells was seen in F IV-immunized cats. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2002 article

Feline immunodeficiency virus infection is characterized by B7(+)CTLA4(+) T cell apoptosis

Tompkins, M. B., Bull, M. E., Dow, J. L., Ball, J. M., Collisson, E. W., Winslow, B. J., … Tompkins, W. A. (2002, April 15). JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, Vol. 185, pp. 1077–1093.

By: M. Tompkins n, M. Bull n, J. Dow n, J. Ball*, E. Collisson*, B. Winslow, A. Phadke*, T. Vahlenkamp n, W. Tompkins n

MeSH headings : Abatacept; Animals; Antigens, CD / analysis; Antigens, Differentiation / analysis; Apoptosis; B7-1 Antigen / analysis; B7-2 Antigen; CTLA-4 Antigen; Cats; Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / immunology; Immunoconjugates; In Situ Nick-End Labeling; Membrane Glycoproteins / analysis; T-Lymphocytes / physiology
TL;DR: Data support the hypothesis that lymph node apoptosis and immune deterioration in FIV-infected cats results from chronic B7.1- and/or B.2-CTLA4-mediated T-T interactions. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2002 journal article

Infection of the choroid plexus by feline immunodeficiency virus

JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY, 8(3), 211–224.

By: D. Bragg*, T. Childers n, M. Tompkins n, W. Tompkins n & R. Meeker n

author keywords: human immunodeficiency virus; macrophages; brain; AIDS; neural culture
MeSH headings : Animals; Cats; Cells, Cultured; Choroid Plexus / cytology; Choroid Plexus / virology; Coculture Techniques; Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / immunology; Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / virology; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline / genetics; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline / isolation & purification; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline / pathogenicity; Immunohistochemistry; Macrophages / cytology; Macrophages / virology; Neurons / cytology; Neurons / virology; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Proviruses / genetics; Proviruses / isolation & purification; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; T-Lymphocytes / cytology; T-Lymphocytes / virology; Virulence
TL;DR: The direct infection of choroid plexus macrophages with FIV, the efficient transfer of the infection to T cells indicate that the choroids plexu can be a highly efficient site of viral infection and perhaps trafficking of both macrophage- Tropic and T-cell-tropic viruses into the CNS. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2002 journal article

Inhibitory activity of synthetic peptide antibiotics on feline immunodeficiency virus infectivity in vitro

JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, 76(19), 9952–9961.

By: J. Ma n, S. Kennedy-Stoskopf n, J. Jaynes, L. Thurmond* & W. Tompkins n

MeSH headings : Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Antiviral Agents / pharmacology; Cats; Gene Products, gag / analysis; HIV Antigens / analysis; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline / drug effects; Molecular Sequence Data; Peptides / pharmacology; Protein Structure, Secondary; RNA, Messenger / analysis; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / pharmacology; Virus Assembly / drug effects; Virus Replication / drug effects; gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
TL;DR: Synthetic peptide antibiotics may be useful tools in the search for antiviral drugs having a wide therapeutic window for host cells, suggesting that virus assembly and/or release may be blocked by D4E1 treatment, whereas virus binding, penetration, RNA synthesis, and protein synthesis appear to be unaffected. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2002 journal article

Polymorphic expression in the CD8 alpha chain surface receptor of African lions (Panthera leo)

VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY, 84(3-4), 181–189.

By: M. Bull n, D. Gebhard*, W. Tompkins n & S. Kennedy-Stoskopf n

author keywords: African lion (Panthera leo); monoclonal antibody; cross-reactivity; CD8 alpha polymorphism
MeSH headings : Africa, Southern; Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibody Specificity; Cats; Cross Reactions; Epitopes; Lions / genetics; Lions / immunology; Polymorphism, Genetic; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / chemistry; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / genetics; Species Specificity
TL;DR: Free-ranging African lion peripheral blood mononuclear cells were examined to determine if phenotypic changes occurred in lion lymphocytes as a result of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection and suggests that lions similar to other mammalian species demonstrate polymorphic expression of the CD8alpha chain. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2001 conference paper

B7.1/B7.2 and CTLA4 expression on feline T cells in vitro correlates with apoptosis

Journal of Leukocyte Biology, (2001), 255.

By: T. Vahlenkamp, M. Bull, J. Dow, J. Anderson, M. Tompkins & W. Tompkins

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2001 journal article

Constitutive expression of types 1 and 2 cytokines by alveolar macrophages from feline immunodeficiency virus-infected cats

VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY, 79(1-2), 83–100.

By: J. Ritchey n, J. Levy n, S. Bliss n, W. Tompkins n & M. Tompkins n

author keywords: FIV; macrophages; interleukins
MeSH headings : Animals; Bronchoalveolar Lavage / veterinary; Cat Diseases / metabolism; Cats; Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / metabolism; Gene Products, gag / biosynthesis; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline; Interleukin-10 / biosynthesis; Interleukin-12 / biosynthesis; Interleukin-6 / biosynthesis; Macrophages, Alveolar / metabolism; Male; RNA, Messenger / metabolism; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / biosynthesis; Viral Envelope Proteins / biosynthesis
TL;DR: Pulmonary immune changes seen in FIV- Infected cats are similar to those seen in HIV-infected human patients, suggesting that the increased cytokine response by AM following infection of cats with FIV is an intrinsic characteristic of FIV -infected AM. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2001 conference paper

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection induces B7(+)CTLA4(+) T cell apoptosis: A model for T cell depletion and immunodeficiency

Journal of Leukocyte Biology, (2001), 254.

By: M. Tompkins, M. Bull, J. Dow & W. Tompkins

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2001 patent

Nucleic acids obtained from the envelope coding region of feline immunodeficiency virus molecular clone designated JSY3

Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

By: W. Tompkins, M. Tompkins & J. Yang

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2001 conference paper

T cell apoptosis in FIV-infected cats is blocked by the addition of antibodies to B7.1 and B7.2

Journal of Leukocyte Biology, (2001), 256.

By: M. Bull, T. Vahlenkamp, M. Tompkins & W. Tompkins

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2000 journal article

Cloning and sequencing hybrid striped bass (Morone saxatilis x M. chrysops) transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and development of a reverse transcription quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction (RT-qcPCR) assay to measure TGF-β mRNA of teleost fish

Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 10(1), 61–85.

By: C. Harms n, S. Kennedy-Stoskopf*, W. Horne*, F. Fuller* & W. Tompkins

author keywords: transforming growth factor-beta; TGF-beta; sequence; hybrid striped bass; Morone saxatilis X M-chrysops; quantitative PCR
MeSH headings : Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; Bass / metabolism; Blotting, Northern / veterinary; Blotting, Southern / veterinary; Chimera / genetics; Cloning, Molecular; Consensus Sequence; Humans; Kidney / chemistry; Molecular Sequence Data; Oncorhynchus mykiss; RNA, Messenger / analysis; Rats; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / methods; Transforming Growth Factor beta / genetics; Xenopus
TL;DR: Higher levels of TGF-beta mRNA expression were detected in mononuclear cells of peripheral blood than from spleen or anterior kidney, and a reverse transcription quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction (RT-qcPCR) assay was devised to measure T GF- beta mRNA expression in teleost fish. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
14. Life Below Water (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, Crossref, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2000 journal article

T cells overexpressing interferon-gamma and interleukin-10 are found in both the thymus and secondary lymphoid tissues of feline immunodeficiency virus-infected cats

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 181(2), 564–575.

By: Y. Liang n, L. Hudson n, J. Levy n, J. Ritchey n, W. Tompkins n & M. Tompkins n

MeSH headings : Animals; B-Lymphocytes / immunology; Cats; Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / immunology; Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / pathology; Gene Products, gag / metabolism; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline / immunology; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Interferon-gamma / biosynthesis; Interferon-gamma / genetics; Interleukin-10 / biosynthesis; Interleukin-10 / genetics; Lymph Nodes / immunology; Lymph Nodes / pathology; RNA, Messenger / genetics; RNA, Messenger / metabolism; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; T-Lymphocyte Subsets / immunology; Thymus Gland / immunology; Thymus Gland / pathology
TL;DR: In conclusion, overexpression of IFN-gamma and IL-10 is a feature of the thymus and secondary lymphoid tissues of FIV-infected cats and is likely to cause marked alteration in thymic lymphocyte subpopulations. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

1999 review

Immunomodulation and therapeutic effects of the oral use of interferon-alpha: Mechanism of action

[Review of ]. JOURNAL OF INTERFERON AND CYTOKINE RESEARCH, 19(8), 817–828.

By: W. Tompkins n

MeSH headings : Adjuvants, Immunologic / therapeutic use; Administration, Oral; Antibody Formation; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Interferon-alpha / therapeutic use; Mucous Membrane / drug effects; Mucous Membrane / immunology
TL;DR: It is suggested that IFN-alpha administered to mucosal-associated immune tissue replicates the known physiological role of IFn-alpha, including regulation of CD4+ Th1 immunomodulatory cells and activation of CD8+ effector cells, which are both crucial to development of protective immune responses. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

1999 journal article

Progressive expansion of an L-selectin-negative CD8 cell with anti-feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) suppressor function in the circulation of FIV-infected cats

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 180(5), 1503–1513.

By: D. Gebhard n, J. Dow n, T. Childers n, J. Alvelo n, M. Tompkins n & W. Tompkins n

MeSH headings : Animals; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology; Cats; Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / immunology; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline / immunology; Immunophenotyping; Integrins / metabolism; L-Selectin / analysis; Leukocytes, Mononuclear / immunology; Lymph Nodes / immunology; T-Lymphocyte Subsets / immunology; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / immunology
TL;DR: The progressive expansion of the CD8alpha+betaloCD62L- effector subset cells in FIV-infected cats parallels that seen in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, suggesting that failure in homeostatic mechanisms regulating lymphocyte activation or trafficking (or both) may be a consequence of both HIV and FIV infections. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

1999 journal article

Shedding of feline immunodeficiency virus in semen of domestic cats during acute infection

American Journal of Veterinary Research, 60(2), 211–215.

By: H. Jordan, Y. Liang, L. Hudson & W. Tompkins

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

1998 journal article

Biphasic thymus response by kittens inoculated with feline immunodeficiency virus during fetal development

VETERINARY PATHOLOGY, 35(3), 191–201.

By: C. Johnson*, G. Papadi*, W. Tompkins n, R. Sellon n, M. Orandle*, . Bellah*, L. Bubenik*

author keywords: animal models; lymphoid tissue; pediatrics; thymus
MeSH headings : Animals; Body Weight; CD4-CD8 Ratio / veterinary; Cats; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / immunology; Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / pathology; Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / virology; Female; Flow Cytometry / veterinary; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline / genetics; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline / isolation & purification; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline / pathogenicity; In Situ Hybridization / veterinary; Lymphatic Diseases / immunology; Lymphatic Diseases / pathology; Lymphatic Diseases / veterinary; Lymphatic Diseases / virology; Lymphocyte Subsets; Organ Size; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / pathology; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / veterinary; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / virology; RNA, Viral / analysis; Thymus Gland / immunology; Thymus Gland / pathology; Thymus Gland / virology
TL;DR: The thymus of kittens infected with FIV during late fetal development is characterized by two distinct changes: neonatal atrophy and postnatal regeneration, which ineffectively restores the normal phenotypic distribution of thymocytes and supports FIV transcription. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

1998 article

Elevated interleukin-10-to-interleukin-12 ratio in feline immunodeficiency virus-infected cats predicts loss of type 1 immunity to Toxoplasma gondii

Levy, J. K., Ritchey, J. W., Rottman, J. B., Davidson, M. G., Liang, Y. H., Jordan, H. L., … Tompkins, M. B. (1998, August). JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, Vol. 178, pp. 503–511.

By: J. Levy n, J. Ritchey n, J. Rottman n, M. Davidson n, Y. Liang n, H. Jordan n, W. Tompkins n, M. Tompkins n

MeSH headings : Animals; Bronchi / immunology; Cats; Cytokines / biosynthesis; Cytokines / genetics; Disease Models, Animal; Immunity; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline / immunology; Interleukin-10 / biosynthesis; Interleukin-10 / genetics; Interleukin-10 / immunology; Interleukin-12 / biosynthesis; Interleukin-12 / genetics; Interleukin-12 / immunology; Lentivirus Infections / complications; Lentivirus Infections / immunology; Lymph Nodes / immunology; Male; RNA, Messenger; Toxoplasmosis / complications; Toxoplasmosis / immunology
TL;DR: Results indicate that FIV immunodeficiency may derive from a failure to generate an IL-12-dependent type 1 response and that an elevated level of IL-10 mRNA expression is a predictor of lentivirus immunodficiency. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

1998 journal article

Feline immunodeficiency virus is shed in semen from experimentally and naturally infected cats

AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES, 14(12), 1087–1092.

By: H. Jordan*, J. Howard*, M. Barr, S. Kennedy-Stoskopf*, J. Levy* & W. Tompkins*

MeSH headings : Animals; Cats; Cell Line; Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / virology; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline / isolation & purification; Male; Semen / virology; Virus Shedding
TL;DR: Electroejaculates from four specific-pathogen-free males infected with another laboratory strain, FIV-Petaluma, and eight random source males with naturally acquired infections confirm that FIV shedding in semen is not restricted to a specific virus isolate, and swim-up sperm from Fiv- infected cats may be infectious in vitro. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

1998 journal article

Horizontal transmission of feline immunodeficiency virus with semen from seropositive cats

Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 41(1-2), 341–357.

By: H. Jordan*, J. Howard, J. Bucci*, J. Butterworth, R. English*, S. Kennedy-Stoskopf*, M. Tompkins*, W. Tompkins*

MeSH headings : Animals; Cats; Disease Transmission, Infectious; Female; Genitalia, Female / virology; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline / physiology; Insemination, Artificial / adverse effects; Lentivirus Infections / transmission; Proviruses; Semen / virology; Vagina / virology; Virus Replication
TL;DR: Experiments indicate that FIV infection in domestic cats may provide a unique small animal model of sexual transmission of HIV-1. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

1998 chapter

Immunology of the cat: Nonspecific immunity in the cat

In Handbook of vertebrate immunology. San Diego: Academic Press.

By: J. Ritchey & W. Tompkins

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

1998 journal article

Lessons from the cat: Feline immunodeficiency virus as a tool to develop intervention strategies against human immunodeficiency virus type 1

AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES, 14(9), 797–801.

By: J. Elder*, G. Dean*, E. Hoover*, J. Hoxie*, M. Malim*, L. Mathes*, J. Neil*, T. North* ...

MeSH headings : AIDS Vaccines; Animals; Anti-HIV Agents / therapeutic use; Cats; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / therapy; Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / transmission; Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / virology; Genome, Viral; HIV Infections / prevention & control; HIV Infections / therapy; HIV Infections / transmission; HIV Infections / virology; HIV-1 / chemistry; Humans; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline / chemistry; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline / genetics
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

1998 article

Mucosally transmitted feline immunodeficiency virus induces a CD8(+) antiviral response that correlates with reduction of cell-associated virus

Bucci, J. G., English, R. V., Jordan, H. L., Childers, T. A., Tompkins, M. B., & Tompkins, W. A. F. (1998, January). JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, Vol. 177, pp. 18–25.

By: J. Bucci n, R. English n, H. Jordan n, T. Childers, M. Tompkins* & W. Tompkins

MeSH headings : Animals; Antibodies, Viral / analysis; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology; Cats; Cells, Cultured; Coculture Techniques; Female; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline; Lentivirus Infections / immunology; Lentivirus Infections / transmission; Lentivirus Infections / virology; Leukocytes, Mononuclear / virology; Longitudinal Studies; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; Vagina / virology; Viremia / immunology; Virus Replication / immunology
TL;DR: CD8+ immunity may play a major role in eliminating virus during primary transmucosal FIV infection and may down-regulate viral replication during asymptomatic infection. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

1998 journal article

The CD8(+) cell phenotype mediating antiviral activity in feline immunodeficiency virus-infected cats is characterized by reduced surface expression of the CD8 beta chain

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 178(4), 968–977.

By: J. Bucci n, D. Gebhard n, T. Childers n, R. English n, M. Tompkins n & W. Tompkins n

MeSH headings : Acute Disease; Animals; Antibody Specificity; CD8 Antigens / biosynthesis; CD8 Antigens / immunology; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology; Carrier State; Cats; Down-Regulation; Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / immunology; Flow Cytometry; Immunity, Cellular; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline / isolation & purification; Phenotype
TL;DR: Flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with anti-CD8 beta chain monoclonal antibody 117 revealed that the CD8 alpha + beta lo phenotype expanded throughout the asymptomatic infection, constituting 80%-90% of the CD 8 beta + cells in long-term-infected cats. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

1997 patent

Feline immunodeficiency virus isolate NCSU.sub.1

Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

By: W. Tompkins & M. Tompkins

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

1995 patent

Feline immunodeficiency virus isolate NCSU.sub.1Lb

Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

By: W. Tompkins & M. Tompkins

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

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