@article{thomas_liu_du_dong_cummings_pokorny_xiang_leebens-mack_2021, title={Comprehending Cornales: phylogenetic reconstruction of the order using the Angiosperms353 probe set}, volume={7}, ISSN={["1537-2197"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1696}, DOI={10.1002/ajb2.1696}, abstractNote={Cornales is an order of flowering plants containing ecologically and horticulturally important families, including Cornaceae (dogwoods) and Hydrangeaceae (hydrangeas), among others. While many relationships in Cornales are strongly supported by previous studies, some uncertainty remains with regards to the placement of Hydrostachyaceae and to relationships among families in Cornales and within Cornaceae. Here we analyzed hundreds of nuclear loci to test published phylogenetic hypotheses and estimated a robust species tree for Cornales.}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY}, author={Thomas, Shawn K. and Liu, Xiang and Du, Zhi-Yuan and Dong, Yibo and Cummings, Amanda and Pokorny, Lisa and Xiang, Qui-Yun and Leebens-Mack, James H.}, year={2021}, month={Jul} }
 @article{liu_li_jenny xiang_2017, title={Down regulation of APETALA 3 homolog resulted in defect of floral structure critical to explosive pollen release in Cornus canadensis: The role of APETALA3 homolog in Cornus}, volume={55}, ISSN={16744918}, url={http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/jse.12272}, DOI={10.1111/jse.12272}, abstractNote={Abstract In mature buds of the dwarf dogwood lineage (DW) of Cornus , petals and filaments form an “x”‐like box containing mechanical energy from the filaments to allow explosive pollen dispersal. As a start to understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for the origin of this unique structure in Cornus , we cloned and characterized the sequences of APETALA3 ( AP3 ) homologs from Cornus canadensis of the DW lineage and five other Cornus species, given the function of AP3 on petal and stamen development in Arabidopsis , and tested the function of CorcanAP3 using a stable Agrobacterium ‐mediated transformation system. The cloned CorAP3s ( AP3 ‐like genes in Cornus ) were confirmed to belong to the euAP3 lineage. qRT‐PCR analysis indicated strong increase of CorcanAP3 expression in floral buds of wildtype C. canadensis . A hairpin construct of CorcanAP3 was successfully introduced into wild type plants of C. canadensis , resulting in significant reduction of CorcanAP3 expression and abnormal floral development. The abnormal floral buds lost the “x” form and opened immaturely due to delay or retard of petal and stamen elongation and the push of style elongation. The results suggested CorcanAP3 may function to regulate the coordinated rate of development of petals and stamens in C. canadensis , necessary for the x‐structure formation, although the exact molecular mechanism remains unclear. Comparison among six Cornus species indicated a greater ratio of stamen to petal and style growth in C. canadensis , suggesting an evolutionary change of CorAP3 expression pattern in the DW lineage, leading to the greater growth of filaments to form the “x”‐box.}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Systematics and Evolution}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Liu, Xiang and Li, Lu and Jenny Xiang, Qiu-Yun}, year={2017}, month={Nov}, pages={566–580} }
 @article{ma_liu_franks_xiang_2016, title={Alterations of CorTFL1 and CorAP1 expression correlate with major evolutionary shifts of inflorescence architecture in Cornus (Cornaceae) - a proposed model for variation of closed inflorescence forms}, volume={216}, ISSN={0028646X}, url={http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/nph.14197}, DOI={10.1111/nph.14197}, abstractNote={TFL1-, AP1- and LFY-like genes are known to be key regulators of inflorescence development. However, it remains to be tested whether the evolutionary modifications of inflorescence morphology result from shifts in their expression patterns. We compared the spatiotemporal expression patterns of CorTFL1, CorAP1 and CorLFY in six closely related Cornus species that display four types of closed inflorescence morphology using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and RNA in situ hybridization. Character mapping on the phylogeny was conducted to identify evolutionary changes and to assess the correlation between changes in gene expression and inflorescence morphology. Results demonstrated variation of gene expression patterns among species and a strong correlation between CorTFL1 expression and the branch index of the inflorescence type. Evolutionary changes in CorTFL1 and CorAP1 expression co-occurred on the phylogeny with the morphological changes underpinning inflorescence divergence. The study found a clear correlation between the expression patterns of CorTFL1 and CorAP1 and the inflorescence architecture in a natural system displaying closed inflorescences. The results suggest a role for the alteration in CorTFL1 and CorAP1 expression during the evolutionary modification of inflorescences in Cornus. We propose that a TFL1-like and AP1-like gene-based model may explain variation of closed inflorescences in Cornus and other lineages.}, number={2}, journal={New Phytologist}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Ma, Qing and Liu, Xiang and Franks, Robert G. and Xiang, Qiu-Yun Jenny}, year={2016}, pages={519–535} }
 @article{liu_zhang_abuahmad_franks_xie_xiang_2016, title={Analysis of two TFL1 homologs of dogwood species (Cornus L.) indicates functional conservation in control of transition to flowering}, volume={243}, ISSN={0032-0935, 1432-2048}, url={http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00425-016-2466-x}, DOI={10.1007/s00425-016-2466-x}, abstractNote={Two TFL1 -like genes, CorfloTFL1 and CorcanTFL1 cloned from Cornus florida and C. canadensis, function in regulating the transition to reproductive development in Arabidopsis. TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1) is known to regulate inflorescence development in Arabidopsis thaliana and to inhibit the transition from a vegetative to reproductive phase within the shoot apical meristem. Despite the importance, TFL1 homologs have been functionally characterized in only a handful eudicots. Here we report the role of TFL1 homologs of Cornus L. in asterid clade of eudicots. Two TFL1-like genes, CorfloTFL1 and CorcanTFL1, were cloned from Cornus florida (a tree) and C. canadensis (a subshrub), respectively. Both are deduced to encode proteins of 175 amino acids. The amino acid sequences of these two Cornus TFL1 homologs share a high similarity to Arabidopsis TFL1 and phylogenetically more close to TFL1 paralogous copy ATC (Arabidopsis thaliana CENTRORADIALIS homologue). Two genes are overexpressed in wild-type and tfl1 mutant plants of A. thaliana. The over-expression of each gene in wild-type Arabidopsis plants results in delaying flowering time, increase of plant height and cauline and rosette leaf numbers, excessive shoot buds, and secondary inflorescence branches. The over-expression of each gene in the tfl1 mutant rescued developmental defects, such as the early determinate inflorescence development, early flowering time, and other vegetative growth defects, to normal phenotypes of wild-type plants. These transgenic phenotypes are inherited in progenies. All data indicate that CorfloTFL1 and CorcanTFL1 have conserved the ancestral function of TFL1 and CEN regulating flowering time and inflorescence determinacy.}, number={5}, journal={Planta}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Liu, Xiang and Zhang, Jian and Abuahmad, Ahmad and Franks, Robert G. and Xie, De-Yu and Xiang, Qiu-Yun}, year={2016}, month={May}, pages={1129–1141} }
 @article{geng_liu_ji_hoffmann_grunden_xiang_2016, title={Enhancing Heat Tolerance of the Little Dogwood Cornus canadensis L. f. with Introduction of a Superoxide Reductase Gene from the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus}, volume={7}, ISSN={1664-462X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.00026}, DOI={10.3389/fpls.2016.00026}, abstractNote={Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be accelerated under various biotic and abiotic stresses causing lipid peroxidation, protein degradation, enzyme inactivation, and DNA damage. Superoxide reductase (SOR) is a novel antioxidant enzyme from Pyrococcus furiosus and is employed by this anaerobic hyperthermophilic archaeon for efficient detoxification of ROS. In this study, SOR was introduced into a flowering plant Cornus canadensis to enhance its heat tolerance and reduce heat induced damage. A fusion construct of the SOR gene and Green Fluorescent Protein gene (GFP) was introduced into C. canadensis using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Heat tolerance of the GFP-SOR expressing transgenic plants was investigated by observing morphological symptoms of heat injury and by examining changes in photosynthesis, malondialdehyde (MDA), and proline levels in the plants. Our results indicate that the expression of the P. furiosus SOR gene in the transgenic plants alleviated lipid peroxidation of cell membranes and photoinhibition of PS II, and decreased the accumulation of proline at 40°C. After a series of exposures to increasing temperatures, the SOR transgenic plants remained healthy and green whereas most of the non-transgenic plants dried up and were unable to recover. While it had previously been reported that expression of SOR in Arabidopsis enhanced heat tolerance, this is the first report of the successful demonstration of improved heat tolerance in a non-model plant resulting from the introduction of P. furiosus SOR. The study demonstrates the potential of SOR for crop improvement and that inherent limitations of plant heat tolerance can be ameliorated with P. furiosus SOR.}, journal={Frontiers in Plant Science}, publisher={Frontiers Media SA}, author={Geng, Xing-Min and Liu, Xiang and Ji, Mikyoung and Hoffmann, William A. and Grunden, Amy and Xiang, Qiu-Yun J.}, year={2016}, month={Jan} }
 @article{qi_yu_liu_pais_ranney_whetten_xiang_2015, title={Phylogenomics of polyploid Fothergilla (Hamamelidaceae) by RAD-tag based GBS - insights into species origin and effects of software pipelines}, volume={53}, ISSN={1674-4918}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jse.12176}, DOI={10.1111/jse.12176}, abstractNote={Abstract Fothergilla (Hamamelidaceae) consists of Fothergilla gardenii (4 x ) from the coastal plains of the southeastern USA, F. major (6 x ) from the piedmont and mountains of the same region, and a few allopatric diploid populations of unknown taxonomic status. The objective of this study was to explore the relationships of the polyploid species with the diploid plants. Genotyping by sequencing (GBS) was applied to generate genome‐wide molecular markers for phylogenetic and genetic structure analyses of 36 accessions of Fothergilla . Sanger sequencing of three plastid and one nuclear regions provided data for comparison with GBS‐based results. Phylogenetic outcomes were compared using data from different sequencing runs and different software workflows. The different data sets showed substantial differences in inferred phylogenies, but all supported a genetically distinct 6 x F. major and two lineages of the diploid populations closely associated with the 4 x F. gardenii . We hypothesize that the 4 x F. gardenii originated through hybridization between the Gulf coastal 2 x and an extinct (or undiscovered) 2 x lineage, followed by backcrosses to the Atlantic coastal 2 x before chromosome doubling, and the 6 x F. major also originated from the “extinct” 2 x lineage. Alternative scenarios are possible but are not as well supported. The origins and divergence of the polyploid species likely occurred during the Pleistocene cycles of glaciation, although fossil evidence indicates the genus might have existed for a much longer time with a wider past distribution. Our study demonstrates the power of combining GBS data with Sanger sequencing in reconstructing the evolutionary network of polyploid lineages.}, number={5}, journal={International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Qi, Zhen-Chen and Yu, Yi and Liu, Xiang and Pais, Andrew and Ranney, Thomas and Whetten, Ross and Xiang, Qiu-Yun}, year={2015}, pages={432–447} }
 @article{liu_franks_feng_liu_fu_(jenny) xiang_2013, title={Characterization of the sequence and expression pattern of LFY homologues from dogwood species (Cornus) with divergent inflorescence architectures}, volume={112}, ISSN={0305-7364, 1095-8290}, url={https://academic.oup.com/aob/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/aob/mct202}, DOI={10.1093/aob/mct202}, abstractNote={LFY homologues encode transcription factors that regulate the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth in flowering plants and have been shown to control inflorescence patterning in model species. This study investigated the expression patterns of LFY homologues within the diverse inflorescence types (head-like, umbel-like and inflorescences with elongated internodes) in closely related lineages in the dogwood genus (Cornus s.l.). The study sought to determine whether LFY homologues in Cornus species are expressed during floral and inflorescence development and if the pattern of expression is consistent with a function in regulating floral development and inflorescence architectures in the genus.Total RNAs were extracted using the CTAB method and the first-strand cDNA was synthesized using the SuperScript III first-strand synthesis system kit (Invitrogen). Expression of CorLFY was investigated by RT-PCR and RNA in situ hybridization. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using the maximum likelihood methods implemented in RAxML-HPC v7.2.8.cDNA clones of LFY homologues (designated CorLFY) were isolated from six Cornus species bearing different types of inflorescence. CorLFY cDNAs were predicted to encode proteins of approximately 375 amino acids. The detection of CorLFY expression patterns using in situ RNA hybridization demonstrated the expression of CorLFY within the inflorescence meristems, inflorescence branch meristems, floral meristems and developing floral organ primordia. PCR analyses for cDNA libraries derived from reverse transcription of total RNAs showed that CorLFY was also expressed during the late-stage development of flowers and inflorescences, as well as in bracts and developing leaves. Consistent differences in the CorLFY expression patterns were not detected among the distinct inflorescence types.The results suggest a role for CorLFY genes during floral and inflorescence development in dogwoods. However, the failure to detect expression differences between the inflorescence types in the Cornus species analysed suggests that the evolutionary shift between major inflorescence types in the genus is not controlled by dramatic alterations in the levels of CorLFY gene transcript accumulation. However, due to spatial, temporal and quantitative limitations of the expression data, it cannot be ruled out that subtle differences in the level or location of CorLFY transcripts may underlie the different inflorescence architectures that are observed across these species. Alternatively, differences in CorLFY protein function or the expression or function of other regulators (e.g. TFL1 and UFO homologues) may support the divergent developmental trajectories.}, number={8}, journal={Annals of Botany}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Liu, Juan and Franks, Robert G. and Feng, Chun-Miao and Liu, Xiang and Fu, Cheng-Xin and (Jenny) Xiang, Qiu-Yun}, year={2013}, month={Nov}, pages={1629–1641} }
 @article{zhang_franks_liu_kang_keebler_schaff_huang_xiang_2013, title={De novo Sequencing, Characterization, and Comparison of Inflorescence Transcriptomes of Cornus canadensis and C. florida (Cornaceae)}, volume={8}, ISSN={1932-6203}, url={https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0082674}, DOI={10.1371/journal.pone.0082674}, abstractNote={Transcriptome sequencing analysis is a powerful tool in molecular genetics and evolutionary biology. Here we report the results of de novo 454 sequencing, characterization, and comparison of inflorescence transcriptomes of two closely related dogwood species, Cornus canadensis and C. florida (Cornaceae). Our goals were to build a preliminary source of genome sequence data, and to identify genes potentially expressed differentially between the inflorescence transcriptomes for these important horticultural species.The sequencing of cDNAs from inflorescence buds of C. canadensis (cc) and C. florida (cf), and normalized cDNAs from leaves of C. canadensis resulted in 251799 (ccBud), 96245 (ccLeaf) and 114648 (cfBud) raw reads, respectively. The de novo assembly of the high quality (HQ) reads resulted in 36088, 17802 and 21210 unigenes for ccBud, ccLeaf and cfBud. A reference transcriptome for C. canadensis was built by assembling HQ reads of ccBud and ccLeaf, containing 40884 unigenes. Reference mapping and comparative analyses found 10926 sequences were putatively specific to ccBud, and 6979 putatively specific to cfBud. Putative differentially expressed genes between ccBud and cfBud that are related to flower development and/or stress response were identified among 7718 shared sequences by ccBud and cfBud. Bi-directional BLAST found 87 (41.83% of 208) of Arabidopsis genes related to inflorescence development had putative orthologs in the dogwood transcriptomes. Comparisons of the shared sequences by ccBud and cfBud yielded 65931 high quality SNPs between two species. The twenty unigenes with the most SNPs are listed as potential genetic markers for evolutionary studies.The data provide an important, although preliminary, information platform for functional genomics and evolutionary developmental biology in Cornus. The study identified putative candidates potentially involved in the genetic regulation of inflorescence evolution and/or disease resistance in dogwoods for future analyses. Results of the study also provide markers useful for dogwood phylogenomic studies.}, number={12}, journal={PLoS ONE}, publisher={Public Library of Science (PLoS)}, author={Zhang, Jian and Franks, Robert G. and Liu, Xiang and Kang, Ming and Keebler, Jonathan E. M. and Schaff, Jennifer E. and Huang, Hong-Wen and Xiang, Qiu-Yun (Jenny)}, editor={Wang, TingEditor}, year={2013}, month={Dec}, pages={e82674} }
 @article{liu_feng_franks_qu_xie_xiang_2013, title={Plant regeneration and genetic transformation of C. canadensis: a non-model plant appropriate for investigation of flower development in Cornus (Cornaceae)}, volume={32}, ISSN={0721-7714, 1432-203X}, url={http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00299-012-1341-x}, DOI={10.1007/s00299-012-1341-x}, abstractNote={KEY MESSAGE : Efficient Agrobacterium -mediated genetic transformation for investigation of genetic and molecular mechanisms involved in inflorescence architectures in Cornus species. Cornus canadensis is a subshrub species in Cornus, Cornaceae. It has recently become a favored non-model plant species to study genes involved in development and evolution of inflorescence architectures in Cornaceae. Here, we report an effective protocol of plant regeneration and genetic transformation of C. canadensis. We use young inflorescence buds as explants to efficiently induce calli and multiple adventitious shoots on an optimized induction medium consisting of basal MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l of 6-benzylaminopurine and 0.1 mg/l of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid. On the same medium, primary adventitious shoots can produce a large number of secondary adventitious shoots. Using leaves of 8-week-old secondary shoots as explants, GFP as a reporter gene controlled by 35S promoter and hygromycin B as the selection antibiotic, a standard procedure including pre-culture of explants, infection, co-cultivation, resting and selection has been developed to transform C. canadensis via Agrobacterium strain EHA105-mediated transformation. Under a strict selection condition using 14 mg/l hygromycin B, approximately 5 % explants infected by Agrobacterium produce resistant calli, from which clusters of adventitious shoots are induced. On an optimized rooting medium consisting of basal MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l of indole-3-butyric acid and 7 mg/l hygromycin B, most of the resistant shoots develop adventitious roots to form complete transgenic plantlets, which can grow normally in soil. RT-PCR analysis demonstrates the expression of GFP transgene. Green fluorescence emitted by GFP is observed in transgenic calli, roots and cells of transgenic leaves under both stereo fluorescence microscope and confocal microscope. The success of genetic transformation provides an appropriate platform to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which the various inflorescence forms are developed in Cornus plants.}, number={1}, journal={Plant Cell Reports}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Liu, Xiang and Feng, Chun-Miao and Franks, Robert and Qu, Rongda and Xie, De-Yu and Xiang, Qiu-Yun Jenny}, year={2013}, month={Jan}, pages={77–87} }
 @article{feng_liu_yu_xie_franks_xiang_2012, title={Evolution of bract development and B‐class MADS box gene expression in petaloid bracts of
            Cornus
            s. l. (Cornaceae)}, volume={196}, ISSN={0028-646X 1469-8137}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04255.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04255.x}, abstractNote={• Despite increasing interest in the molecular mechanisms of floral diversity, few studies have investigated the developmental and genetic bases of petaloid bracts. This study examined morphological patterns of bract initiation and expression patterns of B-class MADS-box genes in bracts of several Cornus species. We suggest that petaloid bracts in this genus may not share a single evolutionary origin. • Developmental pathways of bracts and spatiotemporal expression of B-class genes in bracts and flowers were examined for four closely related dogwood species. • Divergent morphological progressions and gene expression patterns were found in the two sister lineages with petaloid bracts, represented by Cornus florida and Cornus canadensis. Phylogeny-based analysis identified developmental and gene expression changes that are correlated with the evolution of petaloid bracts in C. florida and C. canadensis. • Our data support the existence of independent evolutionary origins of petaloid bracts in C. canadensis and C. florida. Additionally, we suggest that functional transference within B-class gene families may have contributed to the origin of bract petaloidy in C. florida. However, the underlying mechanisms of petaloid bract development likely differ between C. florida and C. canadensis. In the future this hypothesis can be tested by functional analyses of Cornus B-class genes.}, number={2}, journal={New Phytologist}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Feng, Chun‐Miao and Liu, Xiang and Yu, Yi and Xie, Deyu and Franks, Robert G. and Xiang, Qiu‐Yun (Jenny)}, year={2012}, month={Aug}, pages={631–643} }
 @article{zhu_chen_liu_2011, title={Changes in Phytohormones and Fatty Acids in Wheat and Rice Seedlings in Response to Hessian Fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Infestation}, volume={104}, ISSN={["1938-291X"]}, DOI={10.1603/ec10455}, abstractNote={Journal Article Changes in Phytohormones and Fatty Acids in Wheat and Rice Seedlings in Response to Hessian Fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Infestation Get access Lieceng Zhu, Lieceng Zhu 1 1Corresponding author: Department of Biological Sciences, Fayetteville State University, Fayetteville, NC 28301 (e-mail: lzhu@uncfsu.edu). Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ming-Shun Chen, Ming-Shun Chen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Xiang Liu Xiang Liu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 104, Issue 4, 1 August 2011, Pages 1384–1392, https://doi.org/10.1603/EC10455 Published: 01 August 2011 Article history Received: 22 December 2010 Accepted: 16 May 2011 Published: 01 August 2011}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Zhu, Lieceng and Chen, Ming-Shun and Liu, Xiang}, year={2011}, month={Aug}, pages={1384–1392} }
 @article{liu_meng_starkey_smith_2011, title={Wheat Gene Expression is Differentially Affected by a Virulent Russian Wheat Aphid Biotype}, volume={37}, ISSN={["1573-1561"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10886-011-9949-9}, abstractNote={An improved understanding of the complex interactions between plants and aphids is emerging. Recognition of aphid feeding in plant tissues involves production of several defense response signaling pathways and downstream production of defense and detoxification compounds. Feeding by Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov), a serious pest of cereal crops worldwide, induces foliar deformity and chlorophyll loss during compatible wheat-D. noxia interactions. Experiments described here revealed significant differences in level and pattern of gene expression in defense response signaling and metabolic pathways between compatible and incompatible D. noxia-wheat interactions. The jasmonate (JA)-signaling genes LOX, AOS, and AOC were significantly more upregulated (~3- to 7 fold) in incompatible interactions than in compatible interactions (~2.5 to 3.5 fold) as early as 1 h post D. noxia infestation (hpi). Cellulose synthase, responsible for strengthening plant cell walls via cellulose production, was also more upregulated in incompatible interactions (4 to 7 fold) than in compatible interactions (1 to 3.5 fold). In contrast, glycolysis and citric acid cycle genes were significantly downregulated (~1.5 to 2 fold) in incompatible interactions and upregulated or less downregulated in compatible interactions from 6 to 72 hpi. Differences in expression of JA-signaling genes between feeding site tissues and non-feeding site tissues suggest that D. noxia defense response signals in wheat are restricted primarily to aphid feeding sites in the initial 6 hpi. This is the first report of differential upregulation of plant genes at 1 hpi in incompatible interactions involving aphid herbivory. Early wheat plant defense responses in incompatible D. noxia interactions at 1, 3, and 6 hpi appear to be important aspects of D. noxia resistance in wheat.}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY}, author={Liu, Xiang and Meng, Jianye and Starkey, Sharon and Smith, Charles Michael}, year={2011}, month={May}, pages={472–482} }
 @article{zhu_liu_chen_2010, title={Differential Accumulation of Phytohormones in Wheat Seedlings Attacked by Avirulent and Virulent Hessian Fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Larvae}, volume={103}, ISSN={["1938-291X"]}, DOI={10.1603/ec09224}, abstractNote={Journal Article Differential Accumulation of Phytohormones in Wheat Seedlings Attacked by Avirulent and Virulent Hessian Fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Larvae Get access Lieceng Zhu, Lieceng Zhu 1 1Corresponding author: Department of Natural Science, Fayetteville State University, Fayetteville, NC 28301 (e-mail: lzhu@uncfsu.edu). Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Xiang Liu, Xiang Liu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ming-Shun Chen Ming-Shun Chen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 103, Issue 1, 1 February 2010, Pages 178–185, https://doi.org/10.1603/EC09224 Published: 01 February 2010 Article history Received: 09 July 2009 Accepted: 26 October 2009 Published: 01 February 2010}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Zhu, Lieceng and Liu, Xiang and Chen, Ming-Shun}, year={2010}, month={Feb}, pages={178–185} }
 @article{liu_marshall_stary_edwards_puterka_dolatti_el bouhssini_malinga_lage_smith_2010, title={Global Phylogenetics of Diuraphis noxia (Hemiptera: Aphididae), an Invasive Aphid Species: Evidence for Multiple Invasions Into North America}, volume={103}, ISSN={["1938-291X"]}, DOI={10.1603/ec09376}, abstractNote={The Russian wheat aphid, Diruaphis noxia (Kudjumov) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is globally one of the most devastating pests of bread wheat, Tritium aestivum L., durum wheat, Triticum turgidum L., and barley, Hordeum vulgare L. Several sources of D. noxia resistance have been incorporated in commercial wheat and barley genotypes, but up to eight virulent biotypes, defined based on their ability to damage different wheat and barley genotypes, now occur across the western United States since the first appearance of D. noxia in North America in 1986. Critical to the study of D. noxia and other invasive species is an understanding of the number and origin of invasions that have occurred, as well as the rate or potential of postinvasion adaptation and geographic range expansion. The goal of this study was to determine whether D. noxia biotypes are by-products of a single invasion or multiple invasions into North America. We used the genome-wide technique of amplified fragment length polymorphisms, in combination with 22 collections of D. noxia from around the world, to assess this question, as well as patterns of genetic divergence. We found multiple lines of evidence that there have been at least two D. noxia invasions of different origin into North America, each resulting in subsequent postinvasion diversification that has since yielded multiple biotypes.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Liu, Xiang and Marshall, Jeremy L. and Stary, Petr and Edwards, Owain and Puterka, Gary and Dolatti, L. and El Bouhssini, Mustapha and Malinga, Joyce and Lage, Jacob and Smith, C. Michael}, year={2010}, month={Jun}, pages={958–965} }