@article{tran_khoi_kim_chae_shin_ahn_lee_nguyen_le_kim_et al._2025, title={Enhanced salt removal in flow-electrode capacitive deionization using PEDOT:PSS as an electron mediator}, DOI={10.1016/j.watres.2025.123940}, abstractNote={Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an energy-efficient and environment-friendly water desalination technology that removes salt ions via electrosorption on porous electrodes. Specifically, CDI using flowable electrodes (FCDI) enables continuous desalination without needing discharging, due to the continuous flow of suspended activated carbon (AC) particles. However, its salt removal performance is limited by the insufficient interparticle electrical connectivity between AC particles. To overcome this drawback, we introduce poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), a well-known conducting polymer with excellent electrical conductivity, high stability, and good compatibility with aqueous environments, into the aqueous slurry electrode to form efficient electrical bridges among AC particles. Rather than serving as a primary ion-sorbing material, PEDOT:PSS functions as an electron mediator, enhancing charge transfer and ion electrosorption within the flow electrode. Furthermore, a conductivity-optimized doping strategy was employed to maximize the electron mediation capability of PEDOT:PSS. This simple and scalable approach significantly improved salt removal efficiency from 18.05 % (pristine AC) to 61.57 %-an enhancement of over 3.4 times-while the average salt removal rate (ASRR) increased by 3.6 times with high energy efficiency. These results demonstrate a novel application of PEDOT:PSS as an electron mediator in FCDI, offering a low-complexity yet highly effective strategy to overcome conductivity limitations of conventional flow electrodes.}, journal={Water Research}, author={Tran, Nguyen Anh Thu and Khoi, Tran Minh and Kim, Jingoo and Chae, Kimin and Shin, Yuna and Ahn, Wook and Lee, Young-Woo and Nguyen, Huu Thang and Le, Thi Ngoc Tram and Kim, Yun Ho and et al.}, year={2025}, month={May} }
 @article{huynh_khoi_kim_tran_lee_kim_cho_2024, title={Selective Lithium separation from Li/Co/Ni mixtures using optimized flow-electrode capacitive deionization}, DOI={10.1016/j.desal.2024.118112}, journal={Desalination}, author={Huynh, Van Phung and Khoi, Tran Minh and Kim, Jingoo and Tran, Nguyen Anh Thu and Lee, Seung Woo and Kim, Yun Ho and Cho, Younghyun}, year={2024}, month={Sep} }
 @article{kim_gorman_2011, title={Standing Up versus Looping Over: Controlling the Geometry of Self-Assembled Monolayers of α,ω-Diynes on Gold}, volume={27}, ISSN={0743-7463 1520-5827}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la2005979}, DOI={10.1021/la2005979}, abstractNote={It is shown that self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) composed of α,ω-diynes on gold have different structures depending on the concentration of molecules used to make the SAM. Evidence for both hairpinned and standing-up molecules is provided. This behavior is in contrast to SAMs of α,ω-dithiols on gold, which generally form SAMs with only the straight conformation. The looped SAMs composed of α,ω-diynes offer a less densely packed and thus somewhat accessible surface that may be useful when the underlying surface is used as an electrode. Furthermore, biasing the structure of the molecules in the SAM between looped and standing-up may be useful in the design of dynamic surfaces.}, number={10}, journal={Langmuir}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Kim, Yun-Ho and Gorman, Christopher B.}, year={2011}, month={May}, pages={6069–6075} }