@article{jiang_li_takeda_kramer_ashrafi_hunter_2019, title={3D point cloud data to quantitatively characterize size and shape of shrub crops}, volume={6}, ISSN={["2052-7276"]}, DOI={10.1038/s41438-019-0123-9}, abstractNote={Size and shape are important properties of shrub crops such as blueberries, and they can be particularly useful for evaluating bush architecture suited to mechanical harvesting. The overall goal of this study was to develop a 3D imaging approach to measure size-related traits and bush shape that are relevant to mechanical harvesting. 3D point clouds were acquired for 367 bushes from five genotype groups. Point cloud data were preprocessed to obtain clean bush points for characterizing bush architecture, including bush morphology (height, width, and volume), crown size, and shape descriptors (path curve λ and five shape indices). One-dimensional traits (height, width, and crown size) had high correlations (R2 = 0.88-0.95) between proposed method and manual measurements, whereas bush volume showed relatively lower correlations (R2 = 0.78-0.85). These correlations suggested that the present approach was accurate in measuring one-dimensional size traits and acceptable in estimating three-dimensional bush volume. Statistical results demonstrated that the five genotype groups were statistically different in crown size and bush shape. The differences matched with human evaluation regarding optimal bush architecture for mechanical harvesting. In particular, a visualization tool could be generated using crown size and path curve λ, which showed great potential of determining bush architecture suitable for mechanical harvesting quickly. Therefore, the processing pipeline of 3D point cloud data presented in this study is an effective tool for blueberry breeding programs (in particular for mechanical harvesting) and farm management.}, journal={HORTICULTURE RESEARCH}, author={Jiang, Yu and Li, Changying and Takeda, Fumiomi and Kramer, Elizabeth A. and Ashrafi, Hamid and Hunter, Jamal}, year={2019}, month={Apr} }
 @article{jiang_qian_wang_feng_huang_hungate_kessel_horwath_zhang_qin_et al._2019, title={Limited potential of harvest index improvement to reduce methane emissions from rice paddies}, volume={25}, ISSN={["1365-2486"]}, DOI={10.1111/gcb.14529}, abstractNote={Rice is a staple food for nearly half of the world's population, but rice paddies constitute a major source of anthropogenic CH4 emissions. Root exudates from growing rice plants are an important substrate for methane‐producing microorganisms. Therefore, breeding efforts optimizing rice plant photosynthate allocation to grains, i.e., increasing harvest index (HI), are widely expected to reduce CH4 emissions with higher yield. Here we show, by combining a series of experiments, meta‐analyses and an expert survey, that the potential of CH4 mitigation from rice paddies through HI improvement is in fact small. Whereas HI improvement reduced CH4 emissions under continuously flooded (CF) irrigation, it did not affect CH4 emissions in systems with intermittent irrigation (II). We estimate that future plant breeding efforts aimed at HI improvement to the theoretical maximum value will reduce CH4 emissions in CF systems by 4.4%. However, CF systems currently make up only a small fraction of the total rice growing area (i.e., 27% of the Chinese rice paddy area). Thus, to achieve substantial CH4 mitigation from rice agriculture, alternative plant breeding strategies may be needed, along with alternative management.}, number={2}, journal={GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY}, author={Jiang, Yu and Qian, Haoyu and Wang, Ling and Feng, Jinfei and Huang, Shan and Hungate, Bruce A. and Kessel, Chris and Horwath, William R. and Zhang, Xingyue and Qin, Xiaobo and et al.}, year={2019}, month={Feb}, pages={686–698} }
 @article{qiu_jiang_guo_zhang_burkey_zobel_reberg-horton_shew_hui_2019, title={Shifts in the Composition and Activities of Denitrifiers Dominate CO2 Stimulation of N2O Emissions}, volume={53}, ISSN={["1520-5851"]}, DOI={10.1021/acs.est.9b02983}, abstractNote={Elevated atmospheric CO2 (eCO2) often increases soil N2O emissions but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. One hypothesis suggests that high N2O emissions may stem from increased denitrification induced by CO2-enhancement of plant carbon (C) allocation belowground. However, direct evidence illustrating linkages among N2O emissions, plant C allocation and denitrifying microbes under eCO2 is still lacking. We examined the impact of eCO2 on plant C allocation to roots and their associated arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and its subsequent effects on N2O emissions and denitrifying microbes in the presence of two distinct N sources, ammonium nitrogen (NH4+- N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N). Our results showed that the form of the N inputs dominated the effects of eCO2 on N2O emissions: eCO2 significantly increased N2O emissions with NO3--N inputs but had no effect with NH4+-N inputs. eCO2 increased plant biomass N more with NH4+-N than NO3--N inputs, likely reducing microbial access to available N under NH4+-N inputs and/or contributing to higher N2O emissions under NO3--N inputs. While eCO2 enhanced root and mycorrhizal N uptake, it also increased N2O emissions under NO3--N inputs. Further, eCO2-enhancement of N2O emissions under NO3--N inputs concurred with a shift in the soil denitrifier community composition in favor of N2O-producing (nirK- and nirS-type) over N2O-consuming (nosZ-type) denitrifiers. Together, these results indicate that eCO2 stimulated N2O emissions mainly through altering plant N preference in favor of NH4+ over NO3- and thus stimulating soil denitrifiers and their activities. These findings suggest that effective management of N sources may mitigate N2O emissions by negating eCO2-stimulation of soil denitrifying microbes and their activities.}, number={19}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY}, author={Qiu, Yunpeng and Jiang, Yu and Guo, Lijin and Zhang, Lin and Burkey, Kent O. and Zobel, Richard W. and Reberg-Horton, S. Chris and Shew, H. David and Hui, Shuijin}, year={2019}, month={Oct}, pages={11204–11213} }
 @article{qu_jiang_guo_burkey_zobel_shew_hu_2018, title={Contrasting Warming and Ozone Effects on Denitrifiers Dominate Soil N2O Emissions}, volume={52}, ISSN={["1520-5851"]}, DOI={10.1021/acs.est.8b01093}, abstractNote={Nitrous oxide (N2O) in the atmosphere is a major greenhouse gas and reacts with volatile organic compounds to create ozone (an air pollutant) in the troposphere. Climate change factors such as warming and elevated ozone (eO3) affect N2O fluxes, but the direction and magnitude of these effects are uncertain and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We examined the impact of simulated warming (control + 3.6 °C) and eO3 (control + 45 ppb) on soil N2O fluxes in a soybean agroecosystem. Results obtained showed that warming significantly increased soil labile C, microbial biomass, and soil N mineralization, but eO3 reduced these parameters. Warming enhanced N2O-producing denitrifers ( nirS- and nirK-type), corresponding to increases in both the rate and sum of N2O emissions. In contrast, eO3 significantly reduced both N2O-producing and N2O-consuming ( nosZ-type) denitrifiers but had no impact on N2O emissions. Further, eO3 offsets the effects of warming on soil labile C, microbial biomass, and the population size of denitrifiers but still increased N2O emissions, indicating a direct effect of temperature on N2O emissions. Together, these findings suggest that warming may promote N2O production through increasing both the abundance and activities of N2O-producing microbes, positively feeding back to the ongoing climate change.}, number={19}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY}, author={Qu, Yunpeng and Jiang, Yu and Guo, Lijin and Burkey, Kent O. and Zobel, Richard W. and Shew, H. David and Hu, Shuijin}, year={2018}, month={Oct}, pages={10956–10966} }
 @article{jiang_deng_bloszies_huang_zhang_2017, title={Nonlinear response of soil ammonia emissions to fertilizer nitrogen}, volume={53}, number={3}, journal={Biology and Fertility of Soils}, author={Jiang, Y. and Deng, A. X. and Bloszies, S. and Huang, S. and Zhang, W. J.}, year={2017}, pages={269–274} }
 @article{jiang_huang_zhang_zhang_zhang_zheng_deng_zhang_wu_hu_et al._2016, title={Optimizing rice plant photosynthate allocation reduces N2O emissions from paddy fields}, volume={6}, ISSN={["2045-2322"]}, DOI={10.1038/srep29333}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={SCIENTIFIC REPORTS}, author={Jiang, Yu and Huang, Xiaomin and Zhang, Xin and Zhang, Xingyue and Zhang, Yi and Zheng, Chengyan and Deng, Aixing and Zhang, Jun and Wu, Lianhai and Hu, Shuijin and et al.}, year={2016}, month={Jul} }