@article{silva-guillen_almeida_nuñez_schinckel_thomaz_2022, title={Effects of feeding diets containing increasing content of purified lignocellulose supplied by sugarcane bagasse to early-weaned pigs on growth performance and intestinal health}, volume={284}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115147}, DOI={10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115147}, abstractNote={A total of 96 weaned piglets, with mean age of 21 days and initial body weight (BW) of 6.67 ± 0.63 kg, were used in a 42-day experiment to evaluate the effects of supplementation of dietary purified lignocellulose (LNC) on growth performance and intestinal health. Piglets were blocked by initial BW and allotted to one of 32 pens, each pen containing three pigs. Dietary treatments consisted of a corn-soybean meal-based control diet with no added LNC and three dietary inclusion rates (10, 20, and 30 g/kg) of LNC. Average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) were determined over 42 days postweaning. On day 14 postweaning, one pig from each pen was euthanized to determine gastrointestinal tract organ weight, small intestinal morphology, and digesta pH, viscosity, fermentation end-products, and bacterial enumeration. Total tract retention time was measured by adding 10 g/kg ferric oxide in the morning feed on day 42. From day 1–14 postweaning, G:F tended to linearly increase ( P = 0.088) as the dietary LNC contents increased. Although increasing the dietary LNC supplementation quadratically increased ( P = 0.008) ADFI and tended to quadratically decrease ( P = 0.072) G:F from day 30–42 postweaning, overall growth performance was unaffected by the treatments. The weight of the small intestine adjusted for kg of BW on day 14 postweaning increased quadratically ( P = 0.041) as the dietary LNC contents increased. Increasing the dietary LNC supplementation linearly increased ( P = 0.027) crypt depth and tended to linearly reduce ( P = 0.075) villus:crypt ratio in the jejunum. Dietary treatments did not affect total tract retention time as well as pH and viscosity of both cecum and colonic digesta. Increasing the dietary LNC supplementation quadratically increased ( P = 0.001) cecal butyrate formation, whereas cecal acetate and propionate concentrations did not differ among treatments. Although ileal counts of Lactobacillus spp. and Escherichia coli were similar among treatments, the pathogenic Clostridium perfringens population exhibited a quadratic decrease ( P = 0.041) as the dietary LNC contents increased. These results indicate that feeding pig diets containing up to 30 g/kg purified LNC enhanced gut health through the inhibition of harmful bacteria proliferation and the expansion of butyrate producers, without compromising overall growth performance. • Overall growth rate was unaffected by the dietary lignocellulose contents. • Jejunal morphology was impaired in lignocellulose supplemented diets in pigs. • Ileal pathogenic bacterial counts were reduced in lignocellulose-fed piglets. • Dietary lignocellulose supplementation quadratically improved cecal butyrate.}, journal={Animal Feed Science and Technology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Silva-Guillen, Ysenia Victoria and Almeida, Vivian Vezzoni and Nuñez, Amoracyr José Costa and Schinckel, Allan Paul and Thomaz, Maria Cristina}, year={2022}, month={Feb}, pages={115147} }
 @article{fecal characteristics and gut bacterial population of weaned pigs fed amino acid-supplemented diets varying in crude protein and fermentable carbohydrate contents_2020, volume={231}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2019.103881}, DOI={10.1016/j.livsci.2019.103881}, abstractNote={A 28-day study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary crude protein (CP; high- and low-CP diets) and dried citrus pulp (DCP; 0 and 7.5%) contents on fecal consistency score and intestinal bacterial enumeration. A total of 108 early-weaned piglets (21 days of age; 5.82 ± 0.16 kg initial body weight) were assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, with 9 replicate pens per treatment and 3 pigs per pen. The high-CP diets consisted of feeding 20 and 21% CP contents throughout phase 1 (1 to 14 day) and phase 2 (15 to 28 day), respectively. For the low-CP diets, CP contents were reduced by 4 percentage units as compared with the high-CP diets in both phases. Crystalline amino acids (AA) were supplemented to maintain an ideal AA pattern. Feces were scored for consistency during the first 7 days postweaning. Digesta samples from the ileum, cecum, and colon were collected on days 7 and 28 postweaning to determine total coliform and lactobacilli counts. There were no CP x DCP interactions for fecal consistency scores. Although fecal consistency scores were unaffected by the dietary CP contents, adding 7.5% DCP to the diet reduced (P ≤ 0.03; days 1 and 3) and tended to reduce (P ≤ 0.09; days 2 and 5) the incidence of soft feces. On day 7 postweaning, reducing dietary CP inclusion resulted in decreased (P < 0.05) ileal and colonic coliform population in pigs fed diets containing DCP. Additionally, adding 7.5% DCP to the diet decreased (P < 0.05) cecal coliform counts only for pigs fed the low-CP diet on day 7. On day 28 postweaning, there were no treatment effects on coliform population in the ileum, cecum, and colon. Ileal, cecal, and colonic counts of lactobacilli were similar among treatments on days 7 and 28 postweaning. An effect of sampling day was found for ileal coliform (P < 0.01) and cecal lactobacilli (P = 0.04) counts, with greater bacterial populations observed on day 7 when compared with day 28 postweaning. In summary, adding 7.5% DCP to low-CP AA-supplemented diets decreased coliform bacteria proliferation in piglet hindgut immediately after weaning.}, journal={Livestock Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, year={2020}, month={Jan}, pages={103881} }
 @article{silva-guillen_arellano_boyd_martinez_heugten_2020, title={Growth performance, oxidative stress and immune status of newly weaned pigs fed peroxidized lipids with or without supplemental vitamin E or polyphenols}, volume={11}, ISSN={["2049-1891"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40104-020-0431-9}, DOI={10.1186/s40104-020-0431-9}, abstractNote={This study evaluated the use of dietary vitamin E and polyphenols on growth, immune and oxidative status of weaned pigs fed peroxidized lipids. A total of 192 piglets (21 days of age and body weight of 6.62 ± 1.04 kg) were assigned within sex and weight blocks to a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement using 48 pens with 4 pigs per pen. Dietary treatments consisted of lipid peroxidation (6% edible soybean oil or 6% peroxidized soybean oil), and antioxidant supplementation (control diet containing 33 IU/kg DL-α-tocopheryl-acetate; control with 200 IU/kg additional dl-α-tocopheryl-acetate; or control with 400 mg/kg polyphenols). Pigs were fed in 2 phases for 14 and 21 days, respectively.Peroxidation of oil for 12 days at 80 °C with exposure to 50 L/min of air substantially increased peroxide values, anisidine value, hexanal, and 2,4-decadienal concentrations. Feeding peroxidized lipids decreased (P < 0.001) body weight (23.16 vs. 18.74 kg), daily gain (473 vs. 346 g/d), daily feed intake (658 vs. 535 g/d) and gain:feed ratio (719 vs. 647 g/kg). Lipid peroxidation decreased serum vitamin E (P < 0.001) and this decrease was larger on day 35 (1.82 vs. 0.81 mg/kg) than day 14 (1.95 vs. 1.38 mg/kg). Supplemental vitamin E, but not polyphenols, increased (P ≤ 0.002) serum vitamin E by 84% and 22% for control and peroxidized diets, respectively (interaction, P = 0.001). Serum malondialdehyde decreased (P < 0.001) with peroxidation on day 14, but not day 35 and protein carbonyl increased (P < 0.001) with peroxidation on day 35, but not day 14. Serum 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine was not affected (P > 0.05). Total antioxidant capacity decreased with peroxidation (P < 0.001) and increased with vitamin E (P = 0.065) and polyphenols (P = 0.046) for the control oil diet only. Serum cytokine concentrations increased with feeding peroxidized lipids on day 35, but were not affected by antioxidant supplementation (P > 0.05).Feeding peroxidized lipids negatively impacted growth performance and antioxidant capacity of nursery pigs. Supplementation of vitamin E and polyphenols improved total antioxidant capacity, especially in pigs fed control diets, but did not restore growth performance.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Silva-Guillen, Y. V. and Arellano, C. and Boyd, R. D. and Martinez, G. and Heugten, E.}, year={2020}, month={Mar} }
 @article{silva-guillen_arellano_martinez_heugten_2020, title={Growth performance, oxidative stress, and antioxidant capacity of newly weaned piglets fed dietary peroxidized lipids with vitamin E or phytogenic compounds in drinking water}, volume={36}, ISSN={["2590-2865"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.15232/aas.2019-01976}, DOI={10.15232/aas.2019-01976}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Objective This study evaluated the use of vitamin E and phytogenic compounds in drinking water on growth performance, oxidative stress, and immune status of piglets fed peroxidized lipids. Materials and Methods In a 35-d study, 21-d-old weaned piglets (n = 96; 6.10 ± 0.64 kg of BW) were assigned within sex and BW blocks to 1 of 4 treatments, using 24 pens (4 pigs per pen; 6 replications per treatment). Diets contained either 6% soybean oil or 6% peroxidized soybean oil. Pigs fed peroxidized soybean oil received drinking water without (control) or with supplemental vitamin E (100 IU/L of RRR-α-tocopherol) or phytogenic compounds (60 μL/L for wk 1 and 30 μL/L for wk 2 to 5). Results and Discussion Peroxidized soybean oil decreased (P Implications and Applications Peroxidized soybean oil reduced growth performance of weaned nursery pigs, which did not appear to be related to oxidative stress or immune status. The negative effects of peroxidized soybean oil on animal performance could not be improved by supplementation of vitamin E or phytogenic compounds in the drinking water.}, number={3}, journal={APPLIED ANIMAL SCIENCE}, publisher={American Registry of Professional Animal Scientists}, author={Silva-Guillen, Ysenia and Arellano, Consuelo and Martinez, Gabriela and Heugten, Eric}, year={2020}, month={Jun}, pages={341–351} }
 @article{almeida_nuñez_schinckel_alvarenga_castelini_silva-guillen_thomaz_2017, title={Interactive effect of dietary protein and dried citrus pulp levels on growth performance, small intestinal morphology, and hindgut fermentation of weanling pigs1}, volume={95}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2016.0498}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2016.0498}, abstractNote={Weanling pigs ( = 108, 21 d of age, 5.82 ± 0.16 kg initial BW) were assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to evaluate the effects of dietary levels of CP (high- and low-CP diets) and dried citrus pulp (DCP; 0% and 7.5%) on growth performance, small intestinal morphology, and hindgut fermentation. Pigs were blocked by initial BW and allotted to 1 of 9 pens, each containing 3 pigs. The high-CP diets consisted of feeding 20% and 21% CP levels throughout phase 1 (0 to 14 d) and phase 2 (14 to 28 d), respectively. For the low-CP diets, CP levels were reduced by 4% units as compared with the high-CP diets in both phases. Crystalline AA were supplied to maintain an ideal AA pattern. Pig BW and pen feed disappearance were recorded weekly. On d 7 and 28 postweaning, 1 pig from each pen was euthanized for collection of small intestinal tissues and digesta from cecum and colon. There were no CP × DCP interactions for growth performance and gut morphology. Although the low-CP diet decreased ADG ( = 0.03) and G:F ( = 0.02) from d 21 to 28 postweaning, overall performance was unaffected by the treatments. On d 7 postweaning, pigs fed the low-CP diet tended to have increased ( = 0.09) crypt depth in the duodenum. Low-CP diets tended to increase ( = 0.06) crypt depth and reduce ( = 0.08) villus:crypt ratio in the jejunum on d 7. Dietary treatments did not affect ileal morphology. On d 7 postweaning, low-CP diets tended to reduce ( = 0.09) cecal total VFA, whereas dietary DCP inclusion tended to decrease ( = 0.07) colonic propionate. Including 7.5% DCP to the diet decreased ( < 0.05) colonic isovalerate and ammonia N concentrations on d 7 only for pigs fed the low-CP diet. On d 28 postweaning, DCP inclusion in low-CP diets decreased ( < 0.05) butyrate, isovalerate, and valerate concentrations in the cecum, as well as isovalerate, valerate, and ammonia N concentrations in the colon. Including 7.5% DCP to the diet increased ( < 0.05) acetate:propionate ratio in the hindgut on both d 7 and 28 postweaning only for pigs fed the high-CP diet. Lactate concentration was unaffected by the treatments. These results indicate that feeding low-CP AA-supplemented diets did not compromise overall growth performance, but slightly increased damage in the gut morphology of weanling pigs. Moreover, adding 7.5% DCP to low-CP AA-supplemented diets shifted the fermentation pattern in the hindgut of weanling pigs by decreasing protein fermentation metabolites.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Almeida, V. V. and Nuñez, A. J. C. and Schinckel, A. P. and Alvarenga, P. V. A. and Castelini, F. R. and Silva-Guillen, Y. V. and Thomaz, M. C.}, year={2017}, month={Jan}, pages={257–269} }