TY - CHAP TI - Blaberus giganteus and Xestoblatta hamata: Examples of behavioral diversity of tropical cockroaches AU - Schal, C. T2 - Costa Rican Natural History A2 - Janzen, D. PY - 1983/// SP - 693–696 PB - University of Chicago Press ER - TY - THES TI - Behavioral and Physiological Ecology and Community Structure of Tropical Cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattaria) AU - Schal, C. DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// SP - 130 M3 - Ph.D. Dissertation PB - University of Kansas ER - TY - JOUR TI - SEARCH STRATEGY OF SEX PHEROMONE-STIMULATED MALE GERMAN COCKROACHES AU - SCHAL, C AU - TOBIN, TR AU - SURBER, JL AU - VOGEL, G AU - TOURTELLOT, MK AU - LEBAN, RA AU - SIZEMORE, R AU - BELL, WJ T2 - JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// VL - 29 IS - 7 SP - 575-579 ER - TY - JOUR TI - DETERMINANTS OF DOMINANT-SUBORDINATE INTERACTIONS IN MALES OF THE COCKROACH NAUPHOETA-CINEREA AU - SCHAL, C AU - BELL, WJ T2 - BIOLOGY OF BEHAVIOUR DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// VL - 8 IS - 2 SP - 117-139 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of Rhizobium japonicum nodulation on severity of Phytophthora root rot of soybean. AU - Beagle-Ristaino, JE AU - Rissler, JF T2 - Plant disease DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// VL - 67 IS - 6 SP - 651-654 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Histopathology of susceptible and resistant soybean roots inoculated with zoospores of Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea. AU - Beagle-Ristaino, Jean E AU - Rissler, Jane F T2 - Phytopathology DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// VL - 73 IS - 4 SP - 590-595 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Early events of pathogenesis of zoospores of Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. Glycinea on resistant and susceptible soybean roots [Scanning electron microscopy]. AU - Ristaino, JB AU - Rissler, JF T2 - Newsletter Electron Microscope Central Facility DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Field evaluation of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis for control of Aedes taeniorhynchus in salt marsh pools AU - Merriam, T. L. AU - Axtell, R. C. T2 - Mosquito News DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// VL - 43 SP - 84-86 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of temperature on infection, growth and zoosporogenesis of the fungal pathogen Lagenidium giganteum (Oomycetes: Lagenidiales) in mosquito larvae AU - Jaronski, S. T. AU - Axtell, R. C. T2 - Mosquito News DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// VL - 43 IS - 1 SP - 42-45 ER - TY - JOUR TI - OVERWINTERING AND SURVIVAL OF PHYTOPHTHORA-CINNAMOMI IN FRASER FIR AND COVER CROPPED NURSERY BEDS IN NORTH-CAROLINA AU - KENERLEY, CM AU - BRUCK, RI T2 - PHYTOPATHOLOGY DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// DO - 10.1094/Phyto-73-1643 VL - 73 IS - 12 SP - 1643-1647 SN - 1943-7684 ER - TY - JOUR TI - EDAPHIC PARAMETERS ASSOCIATED WITH SHORE JUNIPER DECLINE AU - FRAVEL, DR AU - BENSON, DM AU - BRUCK, RI T2 - PHYTOPATHOLOGY DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// DO - 10.1094/Phyto-73-204 VL - 73 IS - 2 SP - 204-207 SN - 1943-7684 ER - TY - JOUR TI - AN ASPIRATION SYSTEM FOR METEOROLOGICAL SENSORS USED IN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL-STUDIES AU - DAVIS, JM AU - BRUCK, RI AU - RUNION, GB AU - MOWRY, FL T2 - PHYTOPATHOLOGY AB - Description d'un systeme d'aspiration pour capteurs meteorologiques. Application a l'etude des conditions de milieu sur la rouille du pin DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// DO - 10.1094/Phyto-73-1246 VL - 73 IS - 9 SP - 1246-1249 SN - 0031-949X ER - TY - CHAP TI - Effects of acidic precipitation on plant diseases AU - Bruck, R. I. AU - Shafer, S. R. T2 - Effects of acidic deposition on terrestrial ecosystems PY - 1983/// SP - 19-32 PB - Ann Arbor, MI: Ann Arbor Press ER - TY - CHAP TI - Effects of acidic precipitation on air-borne, soil-borne pathogens and mycorrhizal symbionts of forest trees AU - Bruck, R. I. AU - Shafer, S. R. T2 - Acid rain and forest resources PY - 1983/// SP - 91-109 PB - Washington, DC: USDA ER - TY - JOUR TI - EFFECTS OF METALAXYL ON PHYTOPHTHORA-CINNAMOMI ROOT-ROT OF ABIES-FRASERI AU - BRUCK, RI AU - KENERLEY, CM T2 - PLANT DISEASE DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// DO - 10.1094/PD-67-688 VL - 67 IS - 6 SP - 688-690 SN - 0191-2917 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Seasonal phenology and biology of the Southern corn billbug in eastern North Carolina AU - Wright, R. J. AU - Van Duyn, J. W. AU - Bradley, J. R., Jr. T2 - Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// VL - 18 IS - 3 SP - 376 ER - TY - JOUR TI - RELATIVE TOXICITY OF CERTAIN PESTICIDES TO LAGENIDIUM-GIGANTEUM (OOMYCETES, LAGENIDIALES), A FUNGAL PATHOGEN OF MOSQUITO LARVAE AU - MERRIAM, TL AU - AXTELL, RC T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY AB - Journal Article Relative Toxicity of Certain Pesticides to Lagenidium giganteum (Oomycetes: Lagenidiales), a Fungal Pathogen of Mosquito Larvae Get access T. L. Merriam, T. L. Merriam North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27650 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. C. Axtell R. C. Axtell North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27650 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Environmental Entomology, Volume 12, Issue 2, 1 April 1983, Pages 515–521, https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/12.2.515 Published: 01 April 1983 Article history Received: 01 July 1982 Published: 01 April 1983 DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// DO - 10.1093/ee/12.2.515 VL - 12 IS - 2 SP - 515-521 SN - 1938-2936 ER - TY - CONF TI - Mosquitoes, humans and the environment: Integrated management of vector borne disease in relation to economic development AU - Axtell, R. C. C2 - 1983/// C3 - A healthy economy in a healthy environment: 1983 proceedings, the First Annual Carolina Environmental Affairs Conference DA - 1983/// SP - 219-235 PB - Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina, Environmental Studies Council ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mosquito control challenges and the AMCA. AU - Axtell, R. C. T2 - Mosquito News DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// VL - 43 IS - 2 SP - 122-125 ER - TY - JOUR TI - EFFICACY AND NONTARGET EFFECTS OF LARVADEX AS A FEED ADDITIVE FOR CONTROLLING HOUSE-FLIES IN CAGED-LAYER POULTRY MANURE AU - AXTELL, RC AU - EDWARDS, TD T2 - POULTRY SCIENCE AB - The insect growth regulator N-cyclopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6 triamine (Larvadex, CGA 72662, cyromazine) was provided as a feed additive (.3% Premix per ton of feed) to caged laying hens under field conditions in high rise, wide span and narrow poultry houses. The chemical effectively controlled house flies (Musca domestica) and soldier flies (Hermetia illucens). The feed additive had no adverse effect on the populations of manure-inhabiting mites (Macrochelidae and Uropodidae) and histerid beetles (Carcínops pumulio), which prey on fly eggs and larvae. Satisfactory fly control was demonstrated by use of the additive 50% of the time when the interval without the additive in the feed was 4 days but not when the interval was 7 days. Use of a fly monitoring program to time the use of the feed additive is advocated. DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// DO - 10.3382/ps.0622371 VL - 62 IS - 12 SP - 2371-2377 SN - 0032-5791 ER - TY - JOUR TI - DISPERSAL, FLIGHT, AND DIURNAL ACTIVITY PATTERNS OF ADULT SOUTHERN CORN BILLBUGS (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) AU - WRIGHT, RJ AU - VANDUYN, JW AU - BRADLEY, , JR T2 - ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA AB - Dispersal into cornfields, flight, and diurnal activity patterns of the adult southern corn billbug (SCB), Sphenophorus callosus (Olivier), were studied in eastern North Carolina during 1979 and 1980. Corn plant damage (an index of SCB density) in fields with different cropping histories was initially concentrated either on the field edge next to last year's corn in rotated fields, or the edge next to the overwintering site in nonrotated fields. Although damage patterns and trapping studies suggested that SCB dispersal into fields was primarily by walking, SCB are capable of strong flight. Weevils of both the overwintered and summer generations were caught in flight traps. Diurnal activity patterns of adult SCB were often bimodal; peak numbers of adults were found on plants and caught in pitfall traps in late morning and mid- to late afternoon. Changes in adult activity appeared to be better explained by changes in temperature than by changes in light intensity. Least activity occurred when temperatures were above 30°C or below 20°C. DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// DO - 10.1093/aesa/76.4.572 VL - 76 IS - 4 SP - 572-581 SN - 0013-8746 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The incidence of tachinid parasites and pathogens in adult populations of the bean leaf beetle, Cerotoma trifurcata (Forster) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in North Carolina AU - Marrone, P. G. AU - Brooks, W. M. AU - Stinner, R. E. T2 - Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// VL - 18 IS - 3 SP - 363 ER - TY - JOUR TI - THE ROLE OF GLANDULAR TRICHOMES IN THE RESISTANCE OF LYCOPERSICON-HIRSUTUM F GLABRATUM TO HELIOTHIS-ZEA AU - DIMOCK, MB AU - KENNEDY, GG T2 - ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA AB - Removal of the glandular trichome exudate from leaflets of the wild tomato Lycopersicon hirsutum f. glabratum PI 134417 by swabbing with ethanol resulted in loss of resistance to larvae of the tomato fruitworm (Heliothis zea) . An extract containing the exudate and little else was toxic to first‐instar fruitworm larvae. Gas chromatographic analysis of extracts containing only the excised tips of the glandular trichomes revealed the presence of 2‐tridecanone, a compound toxic to H. zea and other arthropods. The toxin was found to be nearly absent from the leaflet interior, being present in significant quantities only in extracts of leaflet surfaces. H. zea larvae were killed by fumes from the surface extract and from pure 2‐tridecanone. The air surrounding PI 134417 leaflets was found to be rich in 2‐tridecanone vapors. Fumigant action is a major avenue of their exposure to 2‐tridecanone on the foliage of PI 134417. While larvae are quickly immobilized by fumes when placed on resistant leaflets, most recover within 24 hr, casting doubt on 2‐tridecanone as the sole defensive compound in PI 134417 against H. zea . ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die Rolle der Drüsenhaare bei der Resistenz von Lycopersicon hirsutum f . glabratum gegen Heliothis zea Die Beseitigung des Drüsenhaarexudats von Teilblättchen der wilden Tomate Lycopersicon hirsutum f. glabratum PI 134417 durch Waschen mit Aethanol führte zum Verlust der Resistenz gegen Raupen von Heliothis zea . Ein Extrakt, der praktisch nur das Exudat enthielt, war für Erstraupen giftig. Die gaschromatographische Analyse des Extrakts von Drüsenhaarspitzen ergab 2‐Tridecanon, eine für H. zea und andere Arthropoden giftige Verbindung. Der Giftstoff war im Blattinnern fast nicht vorhanden; er war nur in Blattoberflächenextrakten in wesentlichen Mengen nachweisbar. Dämpfe des Oberflächenextrakts und des reinen 2‐Tridecanon waren für Raupen tötlich. Die die Blättchen umgebende Luft war reich an 2‐Tridecanon. Tridecanondämpfe spielen eine Rolle bei der Exposition von H. zea Raupen auf Blätter resistenter Pflanzen. Die auf solchen Blättern sitzenden Raupen werden durch die Dämpfe rasch immobilisiert, doch erholen sich die meisten innerhalb 24 Stunden. Offenbar ist also 2‐Tridecanon nicht der einzige Abwehrstoff in PI 134417. DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// DO - 10.1111/j.1570-7458.1983.tb03267.x VL - 33 IS - 3 SP - 263-268 SN - 0013-8703 ER - TY - JOUR TI - STUDIES ON THE MECHANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR VARIABLE TOXICITY OF AZINPHOSMETHYL TO VARIOUS LARVAL INSTARS OF THE TUFTED APPLE BUDMOTH, PLATYNOTA-IDAEUSALIS AU - WELLS, DS AU - ROCK, GC AU - DAUTERMAN, WC T2 - PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY AB - The susceptibility of tufted apple budmoth larvae, Platynota idaeusalis, to azinphosmethyl decreases with each successive instar. A comparison between fifth and third instars showed that the fifth instars have a higher level of glutathione S-transferase activity per milligram of protein, a lower content of cytochrome P-450 per milligram of protein, and absorb a lesser percentage of and LD01 dose than the third instar. Results of metabolism were consistent with these findings. In addition to these factors, the fifth instar larvae may have a threshold mechanism for eliminating penetrated azinphosmethyl from the body, unchanged. This allows the fifth instar larval population to withstand increasingly higher doses of azinphosmethyl without a proportional increase in mortality. DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// DO - 10.1016/0048-3575(83)90029-9 VL - 20 IS - 2 SP - 238-245 SN - 0048-3575 ER - TY - JOUR TI - EFFECTS OF SOIL-MOISTURE AND TEXTURE ON OVIPOSITION PREFERENCE OF THE BEAN LEAF BEETLE, CEROTOMA-TRIFURCATA (FORSTER) (COLEOPTERA, COCCINELLIDAE) AU - MARRONE, PG AU - STINNER, RE T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY AB - Journal Article Effects of Soil Moisture and Texture on Oviposition Preference of the Bean Leaf Beetle, Cerotoma trifurcata (Forster) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Get access P. G. Marrone, P. G. Marrone North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27650 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. E. Stinner R. E. Stinner North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27650 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Environmental Entomology, Volume 12, Issue 2, 1 April 1983, Pages 426–428, https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/12.2.426 Published: 01 April 1983 Article history Received: 30 April 1982 Published: 01 April 1983 DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// DO - 10.1093/ee/12.2.426 VL - 12 IS - 2 SP - 426-428 SN - 1938-2936 ER - TY - JOUR TI - EFFECTS OF SOIL PHYSICAL FACTORS ON EGG SURVIVAL OF THE BEAN LEAF BEETLE, CEROTOMA-TRIFURCATA (FORSTER) (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE) AU - MARRONE, PG AU - STINNER, RE T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY AB - Journal Article Effects of Soil Physical Factors on Egg Survival of the Bean Leaf Beetle, Cerotoma trifurcata (Forster) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Get access P. G. Marrone, P. G. Marrone Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27650 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. E. Stinner R. E. Stinner Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27650 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Environmental Entomology, Volume 12, Issue 3, 1 June 1983, Pages 673–679, https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/12.3.673 Published: 01 June 1983 Article history Received: 25 March 1982 Accepted: 04 January 1983 Published: 01 June 1983 DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// DO - 10.1093/ee/12.3.673 VL - 12 IS - 3 SP - 673-679 SN - 1938-2936 ER - TY - JOUR TI - DETERMINATIONS ON CORNFIELD CARABID POPULATIONS IN NORTHEASTERN NORTH-CAROLINA AU - LESIEWICZ, DS AU - VANDUYN, JW AU - BRADLEY, , JR T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY AB - Carabids in northeastern North Carolina cornfields were sampled by pitfall traps and insecticidal ground sprays. Over 45 species were collected per year, totaling over 60 species in a 2- year study. Seasonal activity, habitat preference, and density of important species were estimated. Pitfall traps and ground sprays produced different estimates of population composition. Ground sprays were assumed to provide a truer representation of species present and of density, because pitfalls are behaviorally sensitive instruments. DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// DO - 10.1093/ee/12.6.1636 VL - 12 IS - 6 SP - 1636-1640 SN - 0046-225X ER - TY - JOUR TI - BEAN LEAF BEETLE, CEROTOMA-TRIFURCATA (FORSTER) (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE) - PHYSICAL FACTORS AFFECTING LARVAL MOVEMENT IN SOIL AU - MARRONE, PG AU - STINNER, RE T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY AB - Bean leaf beetle larval movement in response to food and to soil moisture and texture (loamy sand, sandy clay loam, and organic) was studied in laboratory experiments. All larval instars of the bean leaf beetle have the capability for relatively large movements in the soil and will move from unfavorable to favorable food, texture, and moisture conditions. These studies suggest increased desiccation due to cuticle abrasion as one explanation for observed differences in survival among soils. DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// DO - 10.1093/ee/12.4.1283 VL - 12 IS - 4 SP - 1283-1285 SN - 0046-225X ER - TY - JOUR TI - TUFTED APPLE BUDMOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, TORTRICIDAE) - EFFECTS OF CONSTANT DAYLENGTHS AND TEMPERATURES ON LARVAL GROWTH-RATE AND DETERMINATION OF LARVAL-PUPAL ECDYSIS AU - SHAFFER, PL AU - ROCK, GC T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY AB - The relationship of head capsule width (HCW) to instar number in larvae of tufted apple budmoth, Platynota idaeusalis (Walker), was determined under different conditions of constant daylength and temperature. Growth rate (increase in HCW with instar) decreased markedly under the short-daylength, low-temperature condition, which has previously been shown to induce larval diapause. Variation in both growth rate and number of instars increased under diapause conditions. Under all conditions, growth rate was lower in larvae which experienced more instars before larval-pupal ecdysis, yet mean size of final-instar larvae increased with total number of larval instars. The hypothesis of constancy of growth ratio was rejected for all conditions. There was not an absolute threshold of larval size at which larvae metamorphosed, but discriminant analysis demonstrated that larval size was more important to form determination than was instar number. Field-collected overwintering tufted apple budmoth larvae, which experienced short-daylength, low-temperature conditions, did not have discrete size classes representing specific instars. DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// DO - 10.1093/ee/12.1.76 VL - 12 IS - 1 SP - 76-80 SN - 1938-2936 ER - TY - JOUR TI - SOME MORTALITY FACTORS AFFECTING EGGS OF THE SYCAMORE LACE BUG, CORYTHUCHA-CILIATA (SAY) (HEMIPTERA, TINGIDAE) AU - HORN, KF AU - FARRIER, MH AU - WRIGHT, CG T2 - ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA AB - Approximately 50% of the Corythucha ciliata (Say) eggs on sycamore, Platanus occidentalis L., leaves did not hatch in each of 2 years. Normal leaf moisture content and moderate temperatures (16.7 to 32.2°C) did not affect the amount of hatching. A mymarid ( Erythmelus sp.) parasitized the eggs in September. Under laboratory conditions, the predators Diaphnocoris provancheri (Burque), Haplothrips subtilissimus (Haliday), and Leptothrips mali (Fitch) did not feed on C. ciliata eggs, but Chrysopa rufilabris Burmeister, Deraeocoris nebulosis (Uhler), and Orius insidiosus (Say) did. Inviability of 8 to 25% of the lace bug's eggs was found in the laboratory. DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// DO - 10.1093/aesa/76.2.262 VL - 76 IS - 2 SP - 262-265 SN - 0013-8746 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Persistence of the mosquito fungal pathogen Lagenidium giganteum (Oomycetes: Lagenidiales) after introduction into natural habitats AU - Jaronski, S. T. AU - Axtell, R. C. T2 - Mosquito News DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// VL - 43 IS - 3 SP - 332-337 ER - TY - JOUR TI - PREDICTION OF VARIATION IN DEVELOPMENT PERIOD OF INSECTS AND MITES REARED AT CONSTANT TEMPERATURES AU - SHAFFER, PL T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY AB - The relationship of standard deviation (SD) of developmental period at constant temperatures to mean developmental period (⁠|$\bar x$|⁠) was examined based on data for 113 species of insects and mites. The regression equation SD = 0.209 |$\bar x$|0.730 explained 65% of the variance of SD; this relationship differed little between insects and mites, and varied little among the orders of insects. This relationship is useful for designing constant-temperature rearing experiments for insects and mites. A standard protocol for presenting results of these experiments is suggested. The regression equation is also useful in developing stochastic models of insect development at varying temperatures. Transformations are presented for converting statistics based on developmental period to statistics for developmental rate. Statistics on rate of development computed from these transformations were used to test the prediction that coefficient of variation of developmental rate should be constant. This prediction did not hold for about 20% of the 194 cases for which it was tested, so the underlying hypothesis, that variation in concentration of rate-controlling enzymes among individuals explains variation in developmental rate, must be rejected. DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// DO - 10.1093/ee/12.4.1012 VL - 12 IS - 4 SP - 1012-1019 SN - 0046-225X ER - TY - JOUR TI - INVITRO PRODUCTION OF ZOOSPORES BY THE MOSQUITO PATHOGEN LAGENIDIUM-GIGANTEUM (OOMYCETES, LAGENIDIALES) ON SOLID MEDIA AU - JARONSKI, S AU - AXTELL, RC AU - FAGAN, SM AU - DOMNAS, AJ T2 - JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY AB - Reliable, large-scale production of Lagenidium giganteum zoospores was obtained on solid media. The fungus was grown for 7 days in a liquid medium of wheat germ, hemp seed, yeast extract, and glucose, then placed onto hemp-seed agar. Zoosporogenesis was induced on agar by immersing the fungal cultures into water. Zoospore production began 10 hr postimmersion, peaked at 18 hr, and ceased by 36 hr. A single, 10-cm Petri dish of fungus on hemp-seed agar produced 1.7−3.8 × 107 zoospores during the 26 hr of zoosporogenesis. Optimal zoospore production occurred with 4- to 7-day-old cultures; cultures older than 10 days produced few zoospores. The temperature range for zoosporogenesis was 15–35°C. The extent of zoosporogenesis was directly related to the volume of water used to induce zoospore formation and inversely proportional to agar thickness. Bioassay of zoospores against second instar Culex quinquefasciatus larvae yielded an LD50 of 400 zoospores/ml. DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// DO - 10.1016/0022-2011(83)90247-1 VL - 41 IS - 3 SP - 305-309 SN - 0022-2011 ER - TY - JOUR TI - INSECTS AND DISEASES DAMAGING TOMATO FRUITS IN THE COASTAL-PLAIN OF NORTH-CAROLINA AU - KENNEDY, GG AU - ROMANOW, LR AU - JENKINS, SF AU - SANDERS, DC T2 - JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY AB - Direct insect- and disease-induced fruit losses on processing tomatoes were studied in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina by following cohorts of fruit weekly between fruit set and harvest. During both years of the study, insect-induced losses were greater in late-planted than in early-planted tomatoes. Heliothis zea (Boddie) and Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) were the most damaging insects. Other insects damaging the fruits included Euschistus servus (Say), Acrosternum hilare (Say), Spodoptera ornithogalli (Guenée) and Manduca spp. Numerous diseases directly affecting the fruits caused substantial reductions in yield. The pathogens causing the greatest fruit losses were Colletotrichum spp., Alternaria spp., Sclerotium rolfsii (Sacc.) and Septoria lycopersici Speg. DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// DO - 10.1093/jee/76.1.168 VL - 76 IS - 1 SP - 168-173 SN - 1938-291X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Estimating egg and first-instar mortalities of the sycamore lace bug, Corythucha ciliata (Say) AU - Horn, K. F. AU - Farrier, M. H. AU - Wright, C. G. T2 - Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// VL - 18 IS - 1 SP - 27 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of temperature on infection, growth and zoosporogenesis of Lagenidium giganteum, a fungal pathogen of mosquito larvae AU - Jaronski, S. AU - Axtell, R. C. T2 - Mosquito News DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// VL - 43 IS - 1 SP - 42 ER - TY - JOUR TI - EFFECTS OF EUROPEAN CORN-BORER (LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE) DAMAGE ON YIELDS OF SPRING-GROWN POTATOES AU - KENNEDY, GG T2 - JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY AB - Journal Article Effects of European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Damage on Yields of Spring-Grown Potatoes Get access G. G. Kennedy G. G. Kennedy Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27650 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 76, Issue 2, 1 April 1983, Pages 316–322, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/76.2.316 Published: 01 April 1983 Article history Received: 23 July 1982 Published: 01 April 1983 DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// DO - 10.1093/jee/76.2.316 VL - 76 IS - 2 SP - 316-322 SN - 0022-0493 ER - TY - JOUR TI - COMPARATIVE PENETRATION OF INSECTICIDES IN TARGET AND NON-TARGET SPECIES AU - SHAH, PV AU - MONROE, RJ AU - GUTHRIE, FE T2 - DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY AB - Dermal penetration of 14C-labeled carbaryl, parathion, DDT, dieldrin and permethrin was compared in American roaches, tobacco hornworms, Japanese quail, grass frogs and mice. Insecticides were absorbed more quickly in mice (one exception) while entry into insects was generally slow. The half time penetration rates for carbaryl ranged from 6 min for frogs to 4600 min for roaches. Whereas permethrin penetrated easily into insects, other insecticides showed generally slower penetration into target organisms. Carbaryl tended to penetrate most rapidly in all species except roaches, while DDT and dieldrin tended to penetrate slowly in all organisms tested. Distribution of insecticides in the blood and liver of Japanese quail and grass frogs was surprisingly low. Insect species tended to show higher amounts in hemolymph than most other species. Excretion of radioactivity was relatively low in the frog in these experiments but was high in the quail for rapidly-metabolized compounds. DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// DO - 10.3109/01480548309016022 VL - 6 IS - 2 SP - 155-179 SN - 0148-0545 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A sampling method for estimating egg and first-instar densities of the sycamore lace bug, Corythucha ciliata (Say) AU - Horn, K. F. AU - Farrier, M. H. AU - Wright, C. G. AU - Nelson, L. A. AU - Taylor, L. R. T2 - Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// VL - 18 IS - 1 SP - 37 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Tufted apple budmoth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): Photoperiodic induction of larval diapause and stages sensitive to induction AU - Rock, G. C. AU - Shaffer, P. L. AU - Shaltout, A. D. T2 - Environmental Entomology AB - A photoperiodically controlled larval diapause of the short-day, long-day type was identified in tufted apple bud moth, Platynota idaeusalis (Walker). Pupae obtained from diapause and nondiapause larvae reared at 21°C were similar in weight; however, heart rates of diapause larvae were significantly lower than those of nondiapause larvae. Induction of larval diapause was dependent upon both photoperiod and temperature. The critical short-day photoperiod at 21°C was between 1 and 3 h for a Pennsylvania strain. The long-day critical photoperiod at 21°C was ca. 14 h for both Pennsylvania and North Carolina strains. Diapause at a short daylength was averted entirely at 32°C in a Pennsylvania strain. There was no difference in the incidence of diapause in progeny of adults and eggs reared under naturally decreasing short daylengths versus a constant daylength. Sensitivity to a diapause-inducing photoperiod did not occur at any one particular stage in larval development. A maximum of 39% diapause occurred when four of the five larval instars were exposed to a short daylength, and 100% diapause occurred when all five instars were exposed to a short daylength. DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// DO - 10.1093/ee/12.1.66 VL - 12 IS - 1 SP - 66 ER - TY - JOUR TI - TUFTED APPLE BUDMOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, TORTRICIDAE) - EFFECTS OF CONSTANT DAYLENGTHS AND TEMPERATURES ON LARVAL DIAPAUSE DEVELOPMENT AU - ROCK, GC AU - SHAFFER, PL T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY AB - Journal Article Tufted Apple Budmoth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): Effects of Constant Daylengths and Temperatures on Larval Diapause Development Get access G. C. Rock, G. C. Rock Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, P. O. Box 5215, Raleigh, North Carolina 27650 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. L. Shaffer P. L. Shaffer Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, P. O. Box 5215, Raleigh, North Carolina 27650 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Environmental Entomology, Volume 12, Issue 1, 1 February 1983, Pages 71–75, https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/12.1.71 Published: 01 February 1983 Article history Received: 21 September 1981 Published: 01 February 1983 DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// DO - 10.1093/ee/12.1.71 VL - 12 IS - 1 SP - 71-75 SN - 0046-225X ER - TY - JOUR TI - TOXICITIES OF 3 SYNTHETIC PYRETHROIDS AND SELECTED ORCHARD INSECTICIDES TO THE TUFTED APPLE BUDMOTH, PLATYNOTA-IDEAUSALIS (LEPIDOPTERA, TORTRICIDAE) AU - ROCK, GC AU - SHALTOUT, AD T2 - JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY AB - Laboratory tests using residue exposure methods showed that the synthetic pyrethroids permethrin, fenvalerate, and flucythrinate were highly toxic to tufted apple budmoth, Platynota idaeusalis (Walker), larvae. Piperonyl butoxide used in conjunction with the pyrethroids showed neither synergistic nor antagonistic action for larvae of P. ideausalis or redbanded leafroller, Argyrotaenia velutinana (Walker). Field-laboratory tests with residues of permethrin and 5 nonpyrethroid insecticides showed that chlorpyrifos was the most toxic to neonate and 7-day-old P. idaeusalis larvae. All treatments gave poor larval mortality (≤65%) at 15-day posttreatment assay, and none of the insecticide residues was toxic to the egg. Laboratory tests using residue methods for eight nonpyrethroid insecticides showed chlorpyrifos, azinphosmethyl, and methomyl to be most toxic to 9-day-old P. idaeusalis larvae. Laboratory tests for ovicidal activity of azinphosmethyl, chlorpyrifos, methomyl, and permethrin showed that none of the treatment residues was toxic to the egg and only methomyl was toxic by contact. DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// DO - 10.1093/jee/76.6.1384 VL - 76 IS - 6 SP - 1384-1389 SN - 0022-0493 ER - TY - JOUR TI - THERMOPERIODIC EFFECTS ON THE REGULATION OF LARVAL DIAPAUSE IN THE TUFTED APPLE BUDMOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, TORTRICIDAE) AU - ROCK, GC T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY AB - Combinations of photoperiods and thermoperiods strongly influence the induction of larval diapause in the tufted apple budmoth, Platynota idaeusalis (Walker). Photoperiodic effects may be intensified when the cryophase of the thermoperiod coincides with scotophase of the photoperiod, or the effects may be reduced when the thermophase occurs during scotophase. Photoperiodic and thermoperiodic interactions may be nullified by either a thermoperiod with a high temperature cycle (36:24°C) or a cryophase (15°C) duration of <11 h, even though it coincides with scotophase. Under continuous illumination or darkness, thermoperiods with half cycles of 12 h and 4°C temperature range (23:19°C) to a 16°C temperature range (29:13°C) failed to induce diapause. Larval exposure to one of a series of 26:16°C thermoperiods in which the duration of the cryophase was increased in 2-h increments from 10 to 20 h in continuous darkness showed that thermoperiod under constant darkness does not induce diapause. DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// DO - 10.1093/ee/12.5.1500 VL - 12 IS - 5 SP - 1500-1503 SN - 0046-225X ER - TY - JOUR TI - THE EFFECT OF PHENOBARBITAL INDUCTION ON GLUTATHIONE CONJUGATION OF DIAZINON IN SUSCEPTIBLE AND RESISTANT HOUSE-FLIES AU - HAYAOKA, T AU - DAUTERMAN, WC T2 - PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY AB - The relationship between glutathione S-transferase activity toward 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene and O-alkyl or O-aryl conjugation of diazinon was investigated in eight strains of house flies. No significant difference was found in the amount of O-aryl conjugation. In contrast, house flies which had higher glutathione S-transferase activity toward 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene also had higher O-alkyl conjugating activity toward diazinon. The glutathione S-transferase(s) in phenobarbital-pretreated flies degraded diazinon faster than those in the nontreated ones. The present results showed that the formation of the O-alkyl conjugate was enhanced by phenobarbital pretreatment, while the formation of the O-aryl conjugate was not affected by induction. Based on these findings, it would appear that one of the multiple forms of glutathione S-transferase is specifically induced and responsible for the increase in O-alkyl conjugation. DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// DO - 10.1016/0048-3575(83)90063-9 VL - 19 IS - 3 SP - 344-349 SN - 0048-3575 ER - TY - JOUR TI - TEMPORAL FLIGHT PATTERNS IN THE MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (COLEOPTERA, COCCINELLIDAE) AND THEIR RELATION TO WEATHER AU - BLAU, WS AU - STINNER, RE T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY AB - The flights of adult Mexican bean beetles from experimental plots of lima beans and soybeans were monitored to determine the proximate cues to which beetles respond when initiating flight. Most beetles, including newly eclosed individuals, flew out of the plots within 1 week of their release. Two indices of activity relating to flight frequency and flight intensity varied similarly in response to weather conditions, and indicated that flight was related most strongly to temperature and wind speed. Flight intensity was then modeled as a nonlinear function of these two interacting weather variables. The model accounts for the observed bimodal pattern of daily flight activity. DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// DO - 10.1093/ee/12.4.1047 VL - 12 IS - 4 SP - 1047-1054 SN - 0046-225X ER - TY - JOUR TI - RESPONSES OF NEOSEIULUS-FALLACIS (ACARINA, PHYTOSEIIDAE) TO DIFFERENT PREY DENSITIES OF OLIGONYCHUS-UNUNGUIS (ACARINA, TETRANYCHIDAE) AND TO DIFFERENT RELATIVE-HUMIDITY REGIMES AU - BOYNE, JV AU - HAIN, FP T2 - CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST AB - Abstract The effectiveness of the phytoseiid predator Neoseiulus fallacis in controlling population growth of the spruce spider mite, Oligonychus ununguis was examined in the laboratory. Development and fecundity of N. fallacis under various relative humidity levels were also studied. Under controlled conditions, N. fallacis significantly limited population growth of O. ununguis on Fraser fir seedlings. Survival, development, and fecundity of N. fallacis were similar for all relative humidity ranges tested, except at the lowest range (60–65%), in which none of the individuals survived to maturity. DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// DO - 10.4039/Ent1151607-12 VL - 115 IS - 12 SP - 1607-1614 SN - 1918-3240 ER - TY - JOUR TI - INTERACTIVE EFFECTS OF SELECTED PESTICIDES ON THE 2-SPOTTED SPIDER-MITE AND ITS FUNGAL PATHOGEN NEOZYGITES-FLORIDANA AU - BRANDENBURG, RL AU - KENNEDY, GG T2 - ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA AB - Benomyl affected populations of Tetranychus urticae by interfering with the pathogenic fungus, Neozygites floridana . Benomyl delayed but prolonged spider mite outbreaks. Few mites were infected with the pathogen when benomyl was used. Reductions in mite populations treated with fentin hydroxide were associated with a high incidence of N. floridana infection, Benomyl did not affect sporulation of N. floridana but appeared to inhibit conidial germination or growth of the fungus. RÉSUMÉ Interactions de pesticides selectionnés sur Tetranychus urticae et son champignon pathogène , Neozygites floridana Le bénomyl a modifié les populations de Tetranychus urticae Koch en interférant avec son champignon pathogène, Neozygites floridana (Weiser & Muma). Le bénomyl retardait mais prolongeait les pullulations de l'acarien. Peu d'acariens étaient infectés par le champignon quand on utilisait du bénomyl. Les réductions des populations d'acariens traitées avec l'hydroxyde de fentine étaient associées à un haut niveau d'infection par N. floridana . Le bénomyl ne modifiait pas la sporulation de N. floridana mais semblait inhiber la germination des conidies ou la croissance du champignon. DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// DO - 10.1111/j.1570-7458.1983.tb03328.x VL - 34 IS - 3 SP - 240-244 SN - 1570-7458 ER - TY - JOUR TI - INTERACTION OF LARVAL AGE AND DIETARY FORMALDEHYDE ON THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF TUFTED APPLE BUDMOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, TORTRICIDAE) TO BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS AU - ROCK, GC AU - MONROE, RJ T2 - JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY AB - Laboratory tests of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (strain HD-1) against Platynota idaeusalis reared on a semisynthetic diet showed that the LC50 values for neonates and 9-day-old larvae showed no significant difference in susceptibility; however, 14-day-old larvae were significantly more susceptible than neonates or 9-day-old larvae. There was no evidence of any interaction between 14-day-old larvae reared on the semisynthetic diets with and without formaldehyde and B. thuringiensis toxicity at any assessment reading. Likewise the toxicity of B. thuringiensis to 14-day-old larvae reared on apple leaves did not differ from the B. thuringiensis toxicity of 14-day-old larvae reared on semisynthetic diets with and without formaldehyde. DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// DO - 10.1016/0022-2011(83)90203-3 VL - 42 IS - 1 SP - 71-76 SN - 0022-2011 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Host conifer reaction to stem invasion AU - Hain, F. P. AU - Mawby, W. D. AU - Cook, S. P. AU - Arthur, F. H. T2 - Zeitschrift fu?r Angewandte Entomologie AB - Abstract Knowledge of host‐insect interactions is essential for understanding host‐tree mortality patterns over large areas. The response of a conifer to stem invasion is a dynamic process that consists of three components: 1. wound cleansing by the resin canal system, 2. containment of the infection by the hypersensitive response, and 3. wound healing by the formation of wound periderm. Xylem tissue is frequently rendered non‐conductive by the build‐up of terpenes and other compounds frequently associated with normal heartwood. In order for a tree to successfully resist or tolerate an attack, the entire response process must be completed with minimum interference from the invading organisms. Depending upon the triggering agent, particular components of the response system may be of primary importance in a successful host defense. Zusammenfassung Abwehrreaktion von Nadelbäumen auf Befall durch rindenbrütende Insekten Die genaue Kenntnis der Wechselwirkungen zwischen Insekten und ihren Wirten ist unerläßlich für das Verständnis des großflächigen Verteilungsmusters der nach Befall abgestorbenen Bäume. Die Reaktion von Nadelbäumen auf Stammbefall ist ein dynamischer Vorgang, der aus drei Komponenten besteht: 1. Wundreinigung durch das Harzkanalsystem, 2. Begrenzung der Infektion durch Wundharzbildung, und 3. Wundheilung durch die Bildung von Wundperiderm. Die Leitbahnen des Holzes werden oft durch Anreicherung von Terpenen und anderen Substanzen verschlossen, die auch in normalem Kernholz vorkommen. Damit ein Wirtsbaum den Befall erfolgreich abwehren oder zumindest tolerieren kann, muß die gesamte Abwehrreaktion möglichst ohne störende Einwirkung durch den eindringenden Schädling erfolgen. Je nachdem, um welchen Schadorganismus es sich handelt, können bestimmte Komponenten des Abwehrsystems von besonderer Bedeutung für eine erfolgreiche Schädlingsabwehr sein. DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// DO - 10.1111/j.1439-0418.1983.tb03666.x VL - 96 IS - 3 SP - 247 ER - TY - JOUR TI - EFFECTS OF CONSTANT TEMPERATURE, RELATIVE-HUMIDITY, AND SIMULATED RAINFALL ON DEVELOPMENT AND SURVIVAL OF THE SPRUCE SPIDER-MITE (OLIGONYCHUS-UNUNGUIS) AU - BOYNE, JV AU - HAIN, FP T2 - CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST AB - Abstract Experiments were conducted on Fraser fir, Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir, seedlings or cut terminals. Results indicate that Oligonychus ununguis (Jacobi) responds most favorably to temperatures approximating 26 °C and to relative humidity levels approaching 50 to 60%. Developmental time, time to 50% mortality, net reproductive rate, mean generation time, intrinsic rate of natural increase, finite rate of increase, and days for populations to double were computed for each temperature and relative humidity regime. Simulated rainfall severely limits population density on Fraser fir seedlings. DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// DO - 10.4039/Ent11593-1 VL - 115 IS - 1 SP - 93-105 SN - 0008-347X ER - TY - JOUR TI - DEVELOPMENTAL RATES OF CODLING MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, OLETHREUTIDAE) REARED ON APPLE AT 4 CONSTANT TEMPERATURES AU - ROCK, GC AU - SHAFFER, PL T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY AB - Developmental and survival rates of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), on apples were determined at constant temperatures of 16, 21,27, and 32 ± 1°C by using F1 progeny of moths collected in a North Carolina apple orchard. Survival rate was greatest at 21°C (46.7%) but did not differ significantly among the temperatures. No significant difference in developmental rates between the sexes was found. Developmental rates increased with increasing temperature, and no evidence of a decline or leveling off of the developmental rate vs. temperature curve was shown up to 32°C. By linear regression, the base threshold was shown to be 9.9°C, and 510 day-degrees (C°) was required to complete larval and pupal development. However, the developmental rate vs. temperature curve is quite nonlinear, and thus the day-degree approximation is not very accurate. The use of simplistic models of development to predict the phenology of field populations of codling moth is discussed. DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// DO - 10.1093/ee/12.3.831 VL - 12 IS - 3 SP - 831-834 SN - 0046-225X ER - TY - JOUR TI - SUSCEPTIBILITY OF NORTHERN FOWL MITES IN NORTH-CAROLINA TO 5 ACARICIDES AU - ARTHUR, FH AU - AXTELL, RC T2 - POULTRY SCIENCE AB - The susceptibilities (dosage-response regression curves) of northern fowl mites collected from six poultry farms in North Carolina were determined for five acaricides by exposure of the mites for 24 hr to acaricide residues inside glass pipettes. The residue concentrations were expressed as parts per million on a weight-volume basis of the acaricide-acetone solution in which the pipettes were immersed prior to testing. All of the acaricides, except malathion, were highly toxic to the northern fowl mites. The mean LD50 values (ppm) were: permethrin, .53; tetrachlorvinphos, 4.06; carbaryl, 4.11; and coumaphos, 5.04. For malathion, the mean LD50 for mites from three caged layer flocks was 119.35 ppm while concentrations as high as 500 ppm gave only low mortalities (20% or less) of mites from the other flocks and LD50 values could not be calculated. These data show that northern fowl mites are highly resistant to malathion in North Carolina, as has been reported elsewhere, but there is no evidence of resistance to the other acaricides tested. The effect of temperature on the toxicity to northern fowl mites of the newest acaricide, permethrin, was determined. Permethrin was significantly more toxic at 20 C than at 25, 30, or 35 C. DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// DO - 10.3382/ps.0620428 VL - 62 IS - 3 SP - 428-432 SN - 0032-5791 ER - TY - JOUR TI - NORTHERN FOWL MITE POPULATION DEVELOPMENT ON LAYING HENS CAGED AT 3 COLONY SIZES AU - ARTHUR, FH AU - AXTELL, RC T2 - POULTRY SCIENCE AB - Beginning 5 weeks after being experimentally infested with known numbers of northern fowl mites, Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Canestrini and Fanzago), White Leghorn pullets caged alone supported a significantly higher mite population than did pullets housed two and three per cage. During the following 6 weeks, mite populations remained high on the birds caged singly whereas mite populations drastically declined on the birds housed two or three per cage. Eleven weeks after the experiment was initiated, all hens caged alone were infested with northern fowl mites, whereas 22% of the birds housed two per cage and 43% of the birds housed three per cage were free of mites. These data support the hypothesis that social stress in birds influences the development of northern fowl mites (more stress, higher resistance to mites). DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// DO - 10.3382/ps.0620424 VL - 62 IS - 3 SP - 424-427 SN - 1525-3171 ER - TY - JOUR TI - MEDICAL AND AGRICULTURAL IMPORTANCE OF RED IMPORTED FIRE ANT AU - APPERSON, CS AU - ADAMS, CT T2 - FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST AB - Labauchena daguerri. Proc. Tall Timbers Conf. Ecol. Anim. Control Habitat Manage. 4: 41-52. STEIGER, U., U. E. LAMPARTET, C. SANDRI, AND K. AKERT. 1969. Virusahnliche partikel im Zytoplasma von Nerven und Gliazellen der Waldameise Arch. Gesante Virusforsch. 26: 271-82. SUMMERLIN, J. W. 1978. Beetles of the genera Myrmecophodius, Rhyssemus, and Blapstinus in Texas fire ant nests. Southwest. Ent. 3: 37-9. TESON, A., AND A. M. M. DE REMES LENICOV. 1979. Estrepsipteros parasitoides de Hymenopteros (Insecta: Strepsiptera). Rev. Soc. Ent. Argentina, Tomo 38 (1-4): 115-22. WHITCOMB, W. H., A. BHATKAR, AND J. C. NICKERSON. 1973. Predators of Solenopsis invicta queens prior to colony establishment. Environ. Ent. 2: 1101-3. WILLIAMS, R. N., J. R. PANAIA, D. GALLO, AND W. H. WHITCOMB. 1973. Fire ants attacked by phorid flies. Florida Ent. 56: 259-62. , AND W. H. WHITCOMB. 1974. Parasites of fire ants in South America. Proc. Tall Timbers Conf. Ecol. Anim. Control Habitat Manage. 5: 49-59. WOJCIK, D. P. 1975. Biology of Myrmecophodius excavaticollis (Blanchard) and Euparia castanea Serville (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and their relationships to Solenopsis pp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Ph.D. thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. 74 p. DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// DO - 10.2307/3494558 VL - 66 IS - 1 SP - 121-126 SN - 1938-5102 ER - TY - JOUR TI - HISTOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF LARVAL CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) DAMAGE TO LADINO WHITE CLOVER AU - POWELL, GS AU - CAMPBELL, WV T2 - JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY AB - Characteristic Sitona hispidulus (F.) larval root wounds on six genotypes of Ladino clover were histologically examined to determine average tissue penetration of curculio wounds. No differences in tissue penetration were found among the six genotypes. Wounds in zone 1 (root region 0 to 2.5 cm below soil surface) were deeper than those in zone 2 (root region 2.5 to 5 cm below soil surface), but this was not reflected in the wound scores. ‘Tillman’ was the only genotype to incur wounds which penetrated into the xylem. Most root wounds found on ‘Tillman’ in zone 1 were significantly deeper than wounds found on the other five genotypes (zones 1 and 2). A negative correlation (r = −0.79) was found between cellulose fiber density in the cortex and phloem regions and depth of root tissue penetration for five of the six genotypes. The sixth genotype possessed low fiber density and a shallow wound score. DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// DO - 10.1093/jee/76.4.741 VL - 76 IS - 4 SP - 741-743 SN - 0022-0493 ER - TY - JOUR TI - DISPERSAL AND MOVEMENT OF INSECT PESTS AU - STINNER, RE AU - BARFIELD, CS AU - STIMAC, JL AU - DOHSE, L T2 - ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY AB - With a growing world population and increasingly demanding consumers, the production of sufficient protein from livestock, poultry, and fish represents a serious challenge for the future. Approximately 1,900 insect species are eaten worldwide, mainly in ...Read More DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// DO - 10.1146/annurev.en.28.010183.001535 VL - 28 SP - 319-335 SN - 1545-4487 ER - TY - JOUR TI - CHARACTERISTICS OF DIAPAUSE IN THE BEAN LEAF BEETLE, CEROTOMA-TRIFURCATA (FORSTER) (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE) AU - SCHUMM, M AU - STINNER, RE AU - BRADLEY, , JR T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY AB - Adult diapause in the bean leaf beetle, Cerotoma trifurcata (Forster), was quantitatively characterized and monitored in North Carolina. In addition, respiration and feeding rates were lower in diapausing than nondiapausing beetles at two temperatures (25 and 30°C). Moreover, these two rates were relatively insensitive to temperature in diapausing beetles, whereas nondiapausing beetles showed significant increases in both respiration and feeding at the higher temperature. Thus, feeding or respiration sensitivity to temperature would appear to be an excellent quantitative measure of diapause in C. trifurcata. DA - 1983/// PY - 1983/// DO - 10.1093/ee/12.2.475 VL - 12 IS - 2 SP - 475-477 SN - 0046-225X ER -