TY - JOUR TI - Comparative insecticide resistance of house flies from a North Carolina poultry farm AU - Raghuvir, N. N. AU - Axtell, R. C. T2 - Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society DA - 1970/// PY - 1970/// VL - 86 IS - 4 SP - 175 ER - TY - JOUR TI - SUSCEPTIBILITIES OF ADULT HIPPELATES EYE GNATS TO INSECTICIDAL DEPOSITS AU - AXTELL, RC AU - EDWARDS, TD T2 - JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY AB - Susceptibilities of eye gnats, Hippelates pusio Loew and H. pallipes (Loew), to deposits of 17 insecticides were determined under laboratory conditions. The two species exhibited similar susceptibilities. The most toxic chernicals were Dursban® ( O,O -diethyl O -3,5,6-trichloro-2-phosphorothioate), ronnel, fenthion, diazinon, malathion, dimethoate, naled, and dieldrin. Gardona® (2-chloro-1-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl) vinyl dimethyl phosphate) was moderately toxic. Lower toxicity was exhibited by dimetilan, propoxur, crotoxyphos and trichlorofon. Very low toxicity was exhibited by lindane and DDT and extremely low toxicity by Abate® (O,O -dimethyl phosphorothioate O,O -diester with 4,4'-thiodiphenol) and methoxychlor. DA - 1970/// PY - 1970/// DO - 10.1093/jee/63.4.1186 VL - 63 IS - 4 SP - 1186-& SN - 0022-0493 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hermetia illucens control in poultry manure by larviciding AU - Axtell, R. C. AU - Edwards, T. D. T2 - Journal of Economic Entomology DA - 1970/// PY - 1970/// VL - 63 IS - 6 SP - 1786-1787 ER - TY - JOUR TI - PARTIAL PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF CHOLINE KINASE FROM COCKROACH, PERIPLANETA-AMERICANA AU - KUMAR, SS AU - HODGSON, E T2 - COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY AB - 1. Choline kinase (E.C.2.7.1.32) in the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana, is located in the supernatant fraction obtained by centrifugation at 92,000 g. This enzyme was purified twenty-onefold from the supernatant fraction by ammonium sulfate fractionation and calcium phosphate gel adsorption. 2. The purified enzyme preparation was unstable, losing approximately 40 per cent of its activity in 1 week at −20°C. A divalent cation was required for activity and magnesium was the most effective when compared to calcium, cobalt manganese and nickel. ATP was the only effective phosphate donor when compared to CTP, GTP, ITP and UTP. Excess ATP was inhibitory, the activity curve showing a distinct optimum at 2·5 m-molar ATP. Although an absolute requirement for sulfhydryl groups could not be demonstrated, enzyme activity was greater in the presence of cysteine. 3. Michaelis constants for the purified choline kinase were 6·9 × 10−6 M choline and 5·7 × 10−5 M ethanolamine. No phosphorylation of serine or carnitine was detectable. DA - 1970/// PY - 1970/// DO - 10.1016/0010-406X(70)90484-6 VL - 33 IS - 1 SP - 73-& ER - TY - JOUR TI - BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INSECT MICROSOMES - NADPH OXIDATION BY INTACT MICROSOMES FROM HOUSEFLY, MUSCA-DOMESTICA AU - FOLSOM, MD AU - HODGSON, E T2 - COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY AB - 1. The oxidation of reduced pyridine nucleotides by microsomal preparations from the abdomen of the adult housefly, Musca domestica, has been examined and characterized. 2. NADPH oxidation is stimulated by exogenous cytochrome-c and inhibited by CO and sulfhydryl inhibitors. 3. The effect of metal ions, synergists and known substrates for microsomal mixed function oxidases is also examined. 4. Added xenobiotics substrates are not required for NADPH oxidation by these preparations. DA - 1970/// PY - 1970/// DO - 10.1016/0010-406X(70)90558-X VL - 37 IS - 3 SP - 301-& ER - TY - JOUR TI - Scanning electron microscopy of Acarina (Resume) AU - Axtell, R. C. T2 - Journal of Parasitology DA - 1970/// PY - 1970/// VL - 56 IS - 4, Sec. 2, Part 1 SP - 12 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Preferences of eight grasshopper species [mostly Melanoplus spp.] among eleven species of cultivated grasses [in Kansas] AU - Chu, I. W. AU - Knutson, H. T2 - Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society DA - 1970/// PY - 1970/// VL - 43 IS - 1 SP - 20 ER - TY - JOUR TI - INTEGRATED FLY DIPTERA-MUSCIDAE CONTROL PROGRAM FOR CAGED-POULTRY HOUSES AU - AXTELL, RC T2 - JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY AB - In 1967 and 1968, populations of house flies, Musca Domestica L.; little house flies, Fannia canicularis (L.); black garbage flies, Ophyra leucostoma (Wiedemann), and predaceous manure-inhabiting mites (Parasitidae, Macrochelidae, and Uropodidae) at 3 poultry (caged laying hens) farms having a fly-control program were compared with 3 similar farms with no fly-control measures. Excellent fly control was demonstrated with a program based on early-season manure removal and adult fly control by insecticide-bait stations and 5 or 6 selective applications of insecticide to the inside upper parts of the poultry houses and the interior and exterior surfaces of the attached feed- and egg-storage buildings. Little house flies were controlled more easily than house flies. In the presence of a high population of black garbage flies at 1 farm in 1967, house flies and little house flies were rare. Populations of mites were variable, and no deterimental effects of the insecticide treatments were detected. The order of abundance was Urpodidae > Macrochelidae > Parasitidae. Parasitids appeared earliest in the season followed by macrochelids and uropodids, in that order. Toward the end of the fly season, parasitids disappeared first followed later by macrochelid and then uropodid population declines. A fly-activity index based on fecal spotting of white paper cards provided useful comparisons of farms, and development of that simple sampling tool is recommended. DA - 1970/// PY - 1970/// DO - 10.1093/jee/63.2.400 VL - 63 IS - 2 SP - 400-& SN - 0022-0493 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fly control in caged-poultry houses: Comparison of larviciding and integrated control programs AU - Axtell, R. C. T2 - Journal of Economic Entomology DA - 1970/// PY - 1970/// VL - 63 IS - 6 SP - 1734-1737 ER - TY - JOUR TI - SUSCEPTIBILITY OF ADULT HIPPELATES-PUSIO TO INSECTICIDAL FOGS AU - AXTELL, RC AU - EDWARDS, TD T2 - JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY AB - Journal Article Susceptibility of Adult Hippelates pusio to Insecticidal Fogs Get access R. C. Axtell, R. C. Axtell Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27607 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar T. D. Edwards T. D. Edwards Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27607 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 63, Issue 4, 1 August 1970, Pages 1184–1185, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/63.4.1184 Published: 01 August 1970 Article history Received: 03 November 1969 Published: 01 August 1970 DA - 1970/// PY - 1970/// DO - 10.1093/jee/63.4.1184 VL - 63 IS - 4 SP - 1184-& SN - 0022-0493 ER - TY - JOUR TI - SEASONAL POPULATIONS OF HIPPELATES GNATS (DIPTERA - CHLOROPIDAE) IN NORTH CAROLINA AU - AXTELL, RC AU - EDWARDS, TD T2 - ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA AB - Populations of Hippelates gnats were sampled weekly using baited traps during a 3-year period at 3 locations and by aspirator collections from baits and animal hosts several times per month during a 2-year period. H. pusio Locw, H. pallipes (Loew), H. bishoppi Sabrosky, H. particeps (Becker), and H. plebejus Loew were collected. The last 2 species were rare in trap and aspirator collections. H. bishoppi was collected in the largest numbers in the traps, with H. pusio second in abundance and H. pallipes in low numbers. H. bishoppi and H. pallipes were collected earliest in spring with H. pusio collections beginning later. H. bishoppi reached a peak of abundance in June and early July and declined the remainder of the summer. H. pusio became more abundant in late July, August, and early September. H. push was collected 1 or 2 weeks later in fall than H. bishoppi and H. pallipes. Aspirator collections confirmed the earlier appearance of H. pallipes and H. bishoppi in spring, with H. pallipes often more abundant than H. bishoppi. H. pusio was the most abundant species collected during July–October. H. pusio was the predominant species collected from man and domestic animals, but H. pallipes was also frequently on these hosts. On occasions H. pallipes was the most important pest of humans. H. bishoppi was not an important pest of humans, although it was occasionally collected from humans and domestic animals, especially dairy cows. The type of baited trap used was apparently inadequate for the collection of H. pallipes, judged from the abundance of that species in aspirator collections and in field observations. DA - 1970/// PY - 1970/// DO - 10.1093/aesa/63.4.1049 VL - 63 IS - 4 SP - 1049-& SN - 0013-8746 ER -