TY - JOUR TI - Middle Range Theory in Paleolithic Archaeology AU - Atici, A.L. T2 - Journal of Taphonomy DA - 2006/// PY - 2006/// VL - 4 SP - 29–45 UR - http://www.journaltaphonomy.com/JT-articles/2006/1/jt41.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Who let the dogs out? AU - Atici, A.L. T2 - Anatolian Archaeological Studies XV:121-131 DA - 2006/// PY - 2006/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Book Review: A Plague of Rats and Rubbervines: The Growing Threat of Species Invasions. By Yvonne Baskin, 2002, 377 pp, Island Press, Washington, DC, US$25.00, ISBN 1-55963-876-1 (cloth). AU - Dunn, Robert R. T2 - Biological Invasions DA - 2006/3// PY - 2006/3// DO - 10.1007/S10530-005-5364-X VL - 8 IS - 2 SP - 393-394 J2 - Biol Invasions LA - en OP - SN - 1387-3547 1573-1464 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/S10530-005-5364-X DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Influence of polymer seed coatings, soil raking, and time of sowing on seedling performance in post-mining restoration AU - Turner, S.R. AU - Pearce, B. AU - Rokich, D.P. AU - Dunn, R.R. AU - Merritt, D.J. AU - Majer, J.D. AU - Dixon, K.W. T2 - Restoration Ecology AB - Abstract This study represents part of a broader investigation into novel seed broadcasting methodologies as a means to optimize rehabilitation techniques following sand mining. Specifically, the study investigated the use of polymer seed coatings, time of sowing application, and in situ raking of the topsoil to optimize seedling recruitment to site. For polymer seed coatings, an ex situ trial was undertaken to evaluate seed coating effects on seedling emergence. Results demonstrated that seed coatings did not significantly inhibit maximum emergence percentage of 10 Banksia woodland species (out of 11 evaluated), but coated seeds from four species were on average 2–6 days slower to emerge than noncoated seeds. Seed coatings were found to have a greater effect in situ, with more coated seeds emerging than noncoated seeds. Topsoil raking (following seed sowing) and time of sowing were found to have the greatest impact on seedling emergence, with higher emergence following topsoil raking (5‐ to 90‐fold increase) and sowing in May (late autumn) (1.4‐ to 12‐fold increase) rather than in July (mid‐winter). The implications for mining rehabilitation are discussed, and areas for further research are considered. DA - 2006/// PY - 2006/// DO - 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2006.00129.x VL - 14 IS - 2 SP - 267-277 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33646810811&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Banksia woodland KW - land restoration KW - polymer seed coats KW - seed broadcasting KW - seed germination ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dig it! AU - Dunn, R.R. T2 - Natural History DA - 2006/// PY - 2006/// VL - 115 IS - 10 SP - 36-41 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33845314449&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Conversion from an American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.) biomass crop to a no-till corn (Zea mays L.) system: Crop yields and management implications AU - Devine, Warren D. AU - Tyler, Donald D. AU - Mullen, Michael D. AU - Houston, Allan E. AU - Joslin, John D. AU - Hodges, Donald G. AU - Tolbert, Virginia R. AU - Walsh, Marie E. T2 - Soil and Tillage Research AB - It is not known if a short-rotation woody crop (SRWC) grown on a historically agricultural site will affect subsequent row crops if the site is returned to annual row crop production after harvest of the SRWC. The objectives of this study were to determine the feasibility of converting an American sycamore biomass plantation to a no-till corn system and to document the effects of the sycamore plantation on corn grain yields and N fertilizer efficacy. The study was in southwestern TN, USA, on a Memphis–Loring silt loam intergrade (fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic Typic Hapludalfs—fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic Oxyaquic Fragiudalfs). Four-year (SY4C) and 5-year (SY5C) rotations of American sycamore were followed by no-till corn. Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] followed by corn (SBC) was a control treatment. Four rates of broadcast NH4NO3 (0, 73, 146, and 219 kg N ha−1) were applied to corn crops. The quantity of N removed in the harvest of the sycamore crop was similar to that of a single harvest of corn grain; thus, the SRWC did not constitute a significant loss of N from the system. No mechanical problems were encountered when planting no-till corn over sycamore stumps. Stump total N concentration increased from 2.2 to 8.5 g kg−1 in the first 104 weeks after sycamore harvest, likely due to microbial immobilization. While first- and second-year corn after sycamore required 219 kg ha−1 fertilizer N to maximize grain yield, third-year corn after sycamore and corn grown after soybean both reached maximum yields at 146 kg N ha−1. These responses suggest that the N fertilizer requirement during at least the first 2 years of corn following sycamore is increased by the sycamore crop. After converting from a SRWC to a row crop, plant-available N should be carefully monitored due to potential losses from N immobilization in woody residues. DA - 2006/5// PY - 2006/5// DO - 10.1016/j.still.2005.03.006 VL - 87 IS - 1 SP - 101-111 J2 - Soil and Tillage Research LA - en OP - SN - 0167-1987 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2005.03.006 DB - Crossref KW - American sycamore KW - corn KW - bioenergy crops KW - crop rotation KW - fertilization KW - nitrogen immobilization ER - TY - JOUR TI - The pigeon paradox: Dependence of global conservation on urban nature AU - Dunn, Robert R. AU - Gavin, Michael C. AU - Sanchez, Monica C. AU - Solomon, Jennifer N. T2 - CONSERVATION BIOLOGY AB - Conservation BiologyVolume 20, Issue 6 p. 1814-1816 The Pigeon Paradox: Dependence of Global Conservation on Urban Nature ROBERT R. DUNN, ROBERT R. DUNN Department of Zoology, Graduate Ecology Group, North Carolina State University, Box 7617, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7617, U.S.A., email [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorMICHAEL C. GAVIN, MICHAEL C. GAVIN School of Geography, Environment, and Earth Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, New ZealandSearch for more papers by this authorMONICA C. SANCHEZ, MONICA C. SANCHEZ Department of Anthropology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-2176, U.S.A.Search for more papers by this authorJENNIFER N. SOLOMON, JENNIFER N. SOLOMON Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0430, U.S.A.Search for more papers by this author ROBERT R. DUNN, ROBERT R. DUNN Department of Zoology, Graduate Ecology Group, North Carolina State University, Box 7617, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7617, U.S.A., email [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorMICHAEL C. GAVIN, MICHAEL C. GAVIN School of Geography, Environment, and Earth Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, New ZealandSearch for more papers by this authorMONICA C. SANCHEZ, MONICA C. SANCHEZ Department of Anthropology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-2176, U.S.A.Search for more papers by this authorJENNIFER N. SOLOMON, JENNIFER N. SOLOMON Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0430, U.S.A.Search for more papers by this author First published: 09 August 2006 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00533.xCitations: 186Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Literature Cited Chawla, L. 1998. 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Google Scholar UN (United Nations). 2001. World urbanization prospects: the 2001 revision. UN , New York . Web of Science®Google Scholar Citing Literature Volume20, Issue6December 2006Pages 1814-1816 ReferencesRelatedInformation DA - 2006/12// PY - 2006/12// DO - 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00533.x VL - 20 IS - 6 SP - 1814-1816 SN - 1523-1739 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33845487899&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - What drives elevational patterns of diversity? A test of geometric constraints, climate and species pool effects for pteridophytes on an elevational gradient in Costa Rica AU - Kluge, Juergen AU - Kessler, Michael AU - Dunn, Robert R. T2 - GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY AB - ABSTRACT Aim We studied pteridophyte species richness between 100 m and 3400 m along a Neotropical elevational gradient and tested competing hypotheses for patterns of species richness. Location Elevational transects were situated at Volcán Barva in the Braulio Carrillo National Park and La Selva Biological Station (100–2800 m) and Cerro de la Muerte (2700–3400 m), both on the Atlantic slope of Costa Rica, Central America. Method We analysed species richness on 156 plots of 20 × 20 m and measured temperature and humidity at four elevations (40, 650, 1800 and 2800 m). Species richness patterns were regressed against climatic variables (temperature, humidity, precipitation and actual evapotranspiration), regional species pool, area and predicted species number of a geometric null model (the mid‐domain effect, MDE). Results The species richness of the 484 recorded species showed a hump‐shaped pattern with elevation with a richness peak at mid‐elevations ( c . 1700 m). The MDE was the single most powerful explanatory variable in linear regression models, but species richness was also associated strongly with climatic variables, especially humidity and temperature. Area and species pool were associated less strongly with observed richness patterns. Main conclusions Geometric models and climatic models exclusive of geometric constraints explained comparable amounts of the elevational variation in species richness. Discrimination between these two factor complexes is not possible based on model fits. While overall fits of geometric models were high, large‐ and small‐ranged species were explained by geometric models to different extents. Species with narrow elevational ranges clustered at both ends of the gradient to a greater extent than predicted by the MDE null models used here. While geometric models explained much of the pattern in species richness, we cannot rule out the role of climatic factors (or vice versa) because the predicted peak in richness from geometric models, the empirical peak in richness and the overlap in favourable environmental conditions all coincide at middle elevations. Mid‐elevations offer highest humidity and moderate temperatures, whereas at high elevations richness is reduced due to low temperatures, and at low elevations by reduced water availability due to high temperatures. DA - 2006/7// PY - 2006/7// DO - 10.1111/j.1466-822x.2006.00223.x VL - 15 IS - 4 SP - 358-371 SN - 1466-8238 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33745620438&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - climatic variables KW - Costa Rica KW - elevational gradient KW - geometric constraints KW - neotropics KW - null model KW - pteridophytes KW - species richness ER - TY - JOUR TI - Emus as non-standard seed dispersers and their potential for long-distance dispersal AU - Calvino-Cancela, Maria AU - Dunn, Robert R. AU - Etten, Eddie J. B. AU - Lamont, Byron B. T2 - ECOGRAPHY AB - Long‐distance seed dispersal may have important consequences for species range, migration rates, metapopulation dynamics, and gene flow. Plants have evolved various adaptations for seed dispersal by standard agents, with typical dispersal distances associated with them. Seeds may also be dispersed by non‐standard agents for which they do not show any apparent adaptation and may reach long distances. By sampling the droppings of emus Dromaius novaehollandiae at three localities in Western Australia, we investigated their potential to act as long‐distance dispersers of seeds with adaptations for dispersal modes other than endozoochory, such as unassisted, ant, wind and exozoochory, for which they act as non‐standard agents. Seventy‐seven plant species with five types of dispersal syndromes were found in the 112 droppings analysed, with at least 68 having viable seeds. Although endozoochory was the most frequent syndrome, the presence of other syndromes was important in terms of number of species (61%) and seeds (50%). Estimates of species richness indicated that an increase in sampling effort would increase the number of species observed, especially among non‐endozoochores. As a consequence of their long gut retention times and high mobility, emus can provide long‐distance dispersal opportunities that may be especially relevant for species with dispersal modes of typically short distances (unassisted, ant). Our results suggest that the role of emus as non‐standard agents for long‐distance dispersal should be taken into account for understanding current geographic ranges, gene flow and metapopulation dynamics of some plant species, as well as for predicting their future responses to climate change and fragmentation. DA - 2006/8// PY - 2006/8// DO - 10.1111/j.0906-7590.2006.04677.x VL - 29 IS - 4 SP - 632-640 SN - 1600-0587 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33845578187&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Descriptive flavor analysis of bacon and pork loin from lean-genotype gilts fed conjugated linoleic acid and supplemental fat AU - Gatlin, L. Averette AU - See, M. T. AU - Larick, D. K. AU - Odle, J. T2 - JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AB - This study evaluated the combined effects of dietary CLA and supplemental fat (SF) source on organoleptic characteristics of bacon and pork loin samples in lean-genotype gilts (n = 144). Gilts (49.3 kg of BW) were randomly assigned to a 3 x 2 factorial design, consisting of SF [0% SF, 4% yellow grease (YG), or 4% tallow] and linoleic acid (LA; 1% corn oil or 1% CLA). Animals were slaughtered (113 kg) after a feeding period of 47 d. A trained sensory panel (n = 6 members) developed a flavor profile on commercially cured bacon samples (12 descriptors) and center-cut, boneless, pork loin chops (18 descriptors, using a 14-point, universal intensity scale). Bacon samples from pigs fed 4% SF were considered to have a sweeter flavor (4.07 +/- 0.07) than those fed 0% SF (3.89 +/- 0.07; P < 0.04). The intensity of salty flavor was greater in bacon samples from pigs fed LA (6.18 +/- 0.09) compared with those fed CLA (5.86 +/- 0.10; P < 0.04). The intensity of salty aftertaste of bacon was greater when LA was combined with YG (5.21 +/- 0.14; P < 0.07) or tallow (5.44 +/- 0.14; P < 0.01) than for LA alone (4.85 +/- 0.14, but SF combined with CLA was not different from CLA alone (fat x LA; P < 0.02). Sour flavor intensity tended to be lower in loin samples from pigs fed CLA than for those fed LA (1.60 vs. 1.73 +/- 0.06; P < 0.09). Samples from animals fed 4% tallow tended to have lower (P < 0.09) notes of astringent aftertaste (1.42 +/- 0.08) compared with those fed 0% SF (1.62 +/- 0.09) or 4% YG (1.66 +/- 0.09). Overall, the flavor differences for bacon and loin samples were minimal, with most means differing by 1 point or less on the 14-point intensity scale. The sensory panel results indicate consumer acceptance of bacon and pork products from pigs fed CLA will not likely differ from commodity pork products. DA - 2006/12// PY - 2006/12// DO - 10.2527/jas.2005-721 VL - 84 IS - 12 SP - 3381-3386 SN - 1525-3163 KW - pork quality KW - conjugated linoleic acid KW - sensory analysis KW - supplemental fat KW - taste panel ER - TY - JOUR TI - The river domain: why are there more species halfway up the river? AU - Dunn, RR AU - Colwell, RK AU - Nilsson, C T2 - ECOGRAPHY AB - Biologists have long noted higher levels of species diversity in the longitudinal middle‐courses of river systems and have proposed many explanations. As a new explanation for this widespread pattern, we suggest that many middle‐course peaks in richness may be, at least in part, a consequence of geometric constraints on the location of species’ ranges along river courses, considering river headwaters and mouths as boundaries for the taxa considered. We demonstrate this extension of the mid‐domain effect (MDE) to river systems for riparian plants along two rivers in Sweden, where a previous study found a middle‐course peak in richness of natural (non‐ruderal) species. We compare patterns of empirical richness of these species to null model predictions of species richness along the two river systems and to spatial patterns for six environmental variables (channel width, substrate fineness, substrate heterogeneity, ice scour, bank height, and bank area). In addition, we examine the independent prediction of mid‐domain effects models that species with large ranges, because the location of their ranges is more constrained, are more likely to produce a mid‐domain peak in richness than are species with small ranges. Species richness patterns of riparian plants were best predicted by models including both null model predictions and environmental variables. When species were divided into large‐ranged and small‐ranged groups, the mid‐domain effect was more prominent and the null model predictions were a better fit to the empirical richness patterns of large‐ranged species than those of small‐ranged species. Our results suggest that the peak in riparian plant species richness in the middle courses of the rivers studied can be explained by an underlying mid‐domain effect (driven by geometric constraints on large‐ranged species), together with environmental effects on richness patterns (particularly on small‐ranged species). We suggest that the mid‐domain effect may help to explain similar middle‐course richness peaks along other rivers. DA - 2006/4// PY - 2006/4// DO - 10.1111/j.2006.0906-7590.04259.x VL - 29 IS - 2 SP - 251-259 SN - 1600-0587 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33645857057&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER -