TY - JOUR TI - Spread of domestic animals across Neolithic western Anatolia: New zooarchaeological evidence from Uğurlu Höyük, the island of Gökçeada, Turkey AU - Atici, Levent AU - Birch, Suzanne E. Pilaar AU - Erdoğu, Burçin T2 - PLOS ONE AB - The zooarchaeological research presented here investigates Neolithic and Chalcolithic (ca. 6500-5000 cal. BC) animal exploitation strategies at Uğurlu Höyük on the Turkish island of Gökçeada in the northeastern Aegean Sea. Toward this end, we first discuss the results of our analysis of the zooarchaeological assemblages from Uğurlu Höyük and then consider the data within a wider regional explanatory framework using a diachronic approach, comparing them with those from western and northwestern Anatolian sites. The first settlers of Gökçeada were farmers who introduced domestic sheep, goats, cattle and pigs to the island as early as 6500 years BC. Our results align well with recently published zooarchaeological data on the westward spread of domestic animals across Turkey and the Neolithization of southeast Europe. Using an island site as a case study, we independently confirm that the dispersal of early farming was a polynucleated and multidirectional phenomenon that did not sweep across the land, replace everything on its way, and deliver the same "Neolithic package" everywhere. Instead, this complex process generated a diversity of human-animal interactions. Thus, studying the dispersal of early farmers from southwest Asia into southeast Europe via Anatolia requires a rigorous methodological approach to develop a fine-resolution picture of the variability seen in human adaptations and dispersals within complex and rapidly changing environmental and cultural settings. For this, the whole spectrum of human-animal interactions must be fully documented for each sub-region of southwest Asia and the circum-Mediterranean. DA - 2017/10/18/ PY - 2017/10/18/ DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0186519 VL - 12 IS - 10 SP - e0186519 UR - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0186519 ER - TY - CONF TI - Indoor arthropod communities and distributions in U.S. homes AU - Bertone, M.A. AU - Leong, M. AU - Bayless, K.M. AU - Trautwein, M.D. T2 - 9th International Conference on Urban Pests A2 - Davies, M. P. A2 - Pfeiffer, C. A2 - Robinson, W. H. C2 - 2017/// C3 - 9th International conference on urban pests CY - Birmingham, England, United Kingdom DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/7/9/ SP - 17–23 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Never out of season: How having the food we want when we want it threatens our food supply and our future AU - Dunn, Rob R. DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// PB - Little Brown Books ER - TY - JOUR TI - What's in Your School Yard? Using Citizen Science Wildlife Cameras to Conduct Authentic Scientific Investigations AU - Schuttler, Stephanie AU - Glenn, David AU - Belair, Catherine AU - Hohm, Jordan AU - Humphries, Denise AU - Pasion, Dayson AU - Dunn, Robert AU - Kays, Roland T2 - Science Scope DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// DO - 10.2505/4/ss17_041_01_63 VL - 041 IS - 01 J2 - Sci. Scope LA - en OP - SN - 0887-2376 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2505/4/ss17_041_01_63 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - The neglected geography of human pathogens and diseases AU - Stensgaard, Anna-Sofie AU - Dunn, Robert R. AU - Vennervald, Birgitte J. AU - Rahbek, Carsten T2 - Nature Ecology & Evolution DA - 2017/6/22/ PY - 2017/6/22/ DO - 10.1038/S41559-017-0190 VL - 1 IS - 7 J2 - Nat Ecol Evol LA - en OP - SN - 2397-334X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/S41559-017-0190 DB - Crossref ER - TY - BOOK TI - Dr. Eleanor's book of common ants of Chicago AU - Spicer Rice, E. AU - Wild, A.L AU - Dunn, R.R. DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// PB - Chicago: The University of Chicago Press ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Habitats Humans Provide: Factors affecting the diversity and composition of arthropods in houses AU - Leong, Misha AU - Bertone, Matthew A. AU - Savage, Amy M. AU - Bayless, Keith M. AU - Dunn, Robert R. AU - Trautwein, Michelle D. T2 - SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AB - Abstract The indoor biome is a novel habitat which recent studies have shown exhibit not only high microbial diversity, but also high arthropod diversity. Here, we analyze findings from a survey of 50 houses (southeastern USA) within the context of additional survey data concerning house and room features, along with resident behavior, to explore how arthropod diversity and community composition are influenced by physical aspects of rooms and their usage, as well as the lifestyles of human residents. We found that indoor arthropod diversity is strongly influenced by access to the outdoors and carpeted rooms hosted more types of arthropods than non-carpeted rooms. Arthropod communities were similar across most room types, but basements exhibited more unique community compositions. Resident behavior such as house tidiness, pesticide usage, and pet ownership showed no significant influence on arthropod community composition. Arthropod communities across all rooms in houses exhibit trophic structure—with both generalized predators and scavengers included in the most frequently found groups. These findings suggest that indoor arthropods serve as a connection to the outdoors, and that there is still much yet to be discovered about their impact on indoor health and the unique ecological dynamics within our homes. DA - 2017/11/10/ PY - 2017/11/10/ DO - 10.1038/s41598-017-15584-2 VL - 7 IS - 1 SP - SN - 2045-2322 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85033553350&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Global Ant Genomics Alliance (GAGA) AU - Boomsma, J.J. AU - Brady, S.G. AU - Dunn, R.R. AU - Gadau, J. AU - Heinze, J. AU - Keller, L. AU - Moreau, C.S. AU - Sanders, N.J. AU - Schrader, L. AU - Schultz, T.R. AU - Sundström, L. AU - Ward, P.S. AU - Wcislo, W.T. AU - Zhang, G. T2 - Myrmecological News DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// VL - 25 SP - 61-66 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85039766464&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Radiocarbon analysis reveals expanded diet breadth associates with the invasion of a predatory ant AU - Suehiro, Wataru AU - Hyodo, Fujio AU - Tanaka, Hiroshi O. AU - Himuro, Chihiro AU - Yokoi, Tomoyuki AU - Dobata, Shigeto AU - Guenard, Benoit AU - Dunn, Robert R. AU - Vargo, Edward L. AU - Tsuji, Kazuki AU - Matsuura, Kenji T2 - SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AB - Abstract Invasions are ecologically destructive and can threaten biodiversity. Trophic flexibility has been proposed as a mechanism facilitating invasion, with more flexible species better able to invade. The termite hunting needle ant Brachyponera chinensis was introduced from East Asia to the United States where it disrupts native ecosystems. We show that B. chinensis has expanded dietary breadth without shifting trophic position in its introduced range. Transect sampling of ants and termites revealed a negative correlation between the abundance of B. chinensis and the abundance of other ants in introduced populations, but this pattern was not as strong in the native range. Both termite and B. chinensis abundance were higher in the introduced range than in native range. Radiocarbon ( 14 C) analysis revealed that B. chinensis has significantly younger ‘diet age’, the time lag between carbon fixation by photosynthesis and its use by the consumer, in the introduced range than in the native range, while stable isotope analyses showed no change. These results suggest that in the introduced range B. chinensis remains a termite predator but also feeds on other consumer invertebrates with younger diet ages such as herbivorous insects. Radiocarbon analysis allowed us to elucidate cryptic dietary change associated with invasion success. DA - 2017/11/3/ PY - 2017/11/3/ DO - 10.1038/s41598-017-15105-1 VL - 7 IS - 1 SP - SN - 2045-2322 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85032802285&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Heat tolerance predicts the importance of species interaction effects as the climate changes AU - Diamond, Sarah E. AU - Chick, Lacy AU - Penick, Clint A. AU - Nichols, Lauren M. AU - Cahan, Sara Helms AU - Dunn, Robert R. AU - Ellison, Aaron M. AU - Sandersk, Nathan J. AU - Gotelli, Nicholas J. T2 - INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY AB - Few studies have quantified the relative importance of direct effects of climate change on communities versus indirect effects that are mediated thorough species interactions, and the limited evidence is conflicting. Trait-based approaches have been popular in studies of climate change, but can they be used to estimate direct versus indirect effects? At the species level, thermal tolerance is a trait that is often used to predict winners and losers under scenarios of climate change. But thermal tolerance might also inform when species interactions are likely to be important because only subsets of species will be able to exploit the available warmer climatic niche space, and competition may intensify in the remaining, compressed cooler climatic niche space. Here, we explore the relative roles of the direct effects of temperature change and indirect effects of species interactions on forest ant communities that were heated as part of a large-scale climate manipulation at high- and low-latitude sites in eastern North America. Overall, we found mixed support for the importance of negative species interactions (competition), but found that the magnitude of these interaction effects was predictable based on the heat tolerance of the focal species. Forager abundance and nest site occupancy of heat-intolerant species were more often influenced by negative interactions with other species than by direct effects of temperature. Our findings suggest that measures of species-specific heat tolerance may roughly predict when species interactions will influence responses to global climate change. DA - 2017/7// PY - 2017/7// DO - 10.1093/icb/icx008 VL - 57 IS - 1 SP - 112-120 SN - 1557-7023 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85029143849&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Experimental winter warming modifies thermal performance and primes acorn ants for warm weather AU - MacLean, Heidi J. AU - Penick, Clint A. AU - Dunn, Robert R. AU - Diamond, Sarah E. T2 - Journal of Insect Physiology AB - The frequency of warm winter days is increasing under global climate change, but how organisms respond to warmer winters is not well understood. Most studies focus on growing season responses to warming. Locomotor performance is often highly sensitive to temperature, and can determine fitness outcomes through a variety of mechanisms including resource acquisition and predator escape. As a consequence, locomotor performance, and its impacts on fitness, may be strongly affected by winter warming in winter-active species. Here we use the acorn ant, Temnothorax curvispinosus, to explore how thermal performance (temperature-driven plasticity) in running speed is influenced by experimental winter warming of 3–5 °C above ambient in a field setting. We used running speed as a measure of performance as it is a common locomotor trait that influences acquisition of nest sites and food in acorn ants. Experimental winter warming significantly altered thermal performance for running speed at high (26 and 36 °C) but not low test temperatures (6 and 16 °C). Although we saw little differentiation in thermal performance at cooler test temperatures, we saw a marked increase in running speed at the hotter test temperatures for ants that experienced warmer winters compared with those that experienced cooler winters. Our results provide evidence that overwintering temperatures can substantially influence organismal performance, and suggest that we cannot ignore overwintering effects when forecasting organismal responses to environmental changes in temperature. DA - 2017/7// PY - 2017/7// DO - 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2017.05.010 VL - 100 SP - 77-81 J2 - Journal of Insect Physiology LA - en OP - SN - 0022-1910 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2017.05.010 DB - Crossref KW - Climate change KW - Experimental climate warming KW - Running speed KW - Ants KW - Phenotypic plasticity ER - TY - JOUR TI - A global database of ant species abundances AU - Gibb, Heloise AU - Dunn, Rob R. AU - Sanders, Nathan J. AU - Grossman, Blair F. AU - Photakis, Manoli AU - Abril, Silvia AU - Agosti, Donat AU - Andersen, Alan N. AU - Angulo, Elena AU - Armbrecht, Inge AU - Arnan, Xavier AU - Baccaro, Fabricio B. AU - Bishop, Tom R. AU - Boulay, Raphael AU - Bruehl, Carsten AU - Castracani, Cristina AU - Cerda, Xim AU - Del Toro, Israel AU - Delsinne, Thibaut AU - Diaz, Mireia AU - Donoso, David A. AU - Ellison, Aaron M. AU - Enriquez, Martha L. AU - Fayle, Tom M. AU - Feener, Donald H., Jr. AU - Fisher, Brian L. AU - Fisher, Robert N. AU - Fitzpatrick, Matthew C. AU - Gomez, Crisanto AU - Gotelli, Nicholas J. AU - Gove, Aaron AU - Grasso, Donato A. AU - Groc, Sarah AU - Guenard, Benoit AU - Gunawardene, Nihara AU - Heterick, Brian AU - Hoffmann, Benjamin AU - Janda, Milan AU - Jenkins, Clinton AU - Kaspari, Michael AU - Klimes, Petr AU - Lach, Lori AU - Laeger, Thomas AU - Lattke, John AU - Leponce, Maurice AU - Lessard, Jean-Philippe AU - Longino, John AU - Lucky, Andrea AU - Luke, Sarah H. AU - Majer, Jonathan AU - McGlynn, Terrence P. AU - Menke, Sean AU - Mezger, Dirk AU - Mori, Alessandra AU - Moses, Jimmy AU - Munyai, Thinandavha Caswell AU - Pacheco, Renata AU - Paknia, Omid AU - Pearce-Duvet, Jessica AU - Pfeiffer, Martin AU - Philpott, Stacy M. AU - Resasco, Julian AU - Retana, Javier AU - Silva, Rogerio R. AU - Sorger, Magdalena D. AU - Souza, Jorge AU - Suarez, Andrew AU - Tista, Melanie AU - Vasconcelos, Heraldo L. AU - Vonshak, Merav AU - Weiser, Michael D. AU - Yates, Michelle AU - Parr, Catherine L. T2 - ECOLOGY AB - What forces structure ecological assemblages? A key limitation to general insights about assemblage structure is the availability of data that are collected at a small spatial grain (local assemblages) and a large spatial extent (global coverage). Here, we present published and unpublished data from 51 ,388 ant abundance and occurrence records of more than 2,693 species and 7,953 morphospecies from local assemblages collected at 4,212 locations around the world. Ants were selected because they are diverse and abundant globally, comprise a large fraction of animal biomass in most terrestrial communities, and are key contributors to a range of ecosystem functions. Data were collected between 1949 and 2014, and include, for each geo-referenced sampling site, both the identity of the ants collected and details of sampling design, habitat type, and degree of disturbance. The aim of compiling this data set was to provide comprehensive species abundance data in order to test relationships between assemblage structure and environmental and biogeographic factors. Data were collected using a variety of standardized methods, such as pitfall and Winkler traps, and will be valuable for studies investigating large-scale forces structuring local assemblages. Understanding such relationships is particularly critical under current rates of global change. We encourage authors holding additional data on systematically collected ant assemblages, especially those in dry and cold, and remote areas, to contact us and contribute their data to this growing data set. DA - 2017/3// PY - 2017/3// DO - 10.1002/ecy.1682 VL - 98 IS - 3 SP - 883-884 SN - 1939-9170 KW - abundance KW - ants KW - database KW - disturbance KW - Formicidae KW - geo-referenced KW - habitat KW - local assemblage KW - ccurrence KW - pitfall trap KW - Winkler trap ER - TY - JOUR TI - Reducing Risky Sex among Rural African American Cocaine Users: A Controlled Trial AU - Stewart, Katharine E. AU - Wright, Patricia B. AU - Montgomery, Brooke E. E. AU - Gullette, Donna AU - Pulley, Leavonne AU - Ounpraseuth, Songthip AU - Thostenson, Jeff AU - Booth, Brenda T2 - JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE FOR THE POOR AND UNDERSERVED AB - Rural African American cocaine users experience high rates of STIs/HIV. This NIDA-funded trial tested an adapted evidence-based risk reduction program versus an active control condition. Participants were 251 African American cocaine users in rural Arkansas recruited from 2009-2011. Outcomes included condom use skills and self-efficacy, sexual negotiation skills, peer norms, and self-reported risk behavior. The intervention group experienced greater increases in condom use skills and overall effectiveness in sexual negotiation skills. Both groups reported reductions in trading sex, improvements in condom use self-efficacy, and increased use of specific negotiation skills. Implications and limitations are discussed. DA - 2017/2// PY - 2017/2// DO - 10.1353/hpu.2017.0038 VL - 28 IS - 1 SP - 528-547 SN - 1548-6869 KW - Sexual risk KW - respondent-driven sampling KW - cocaine use KW - condom use KW - active control condition KW - self-efficacy ER - TY - JOUR TI - Higher immunocompetence is associated with higher genetic diversity in feral honey bee colonies (Apis mellifera) AU - Lopez-Uribe, Margarita M. AU - Appler, R. Holden AU - Youngsteadt, Elsa AU - Dunn, Robert R. AU - Frank, Steven D. AU - Tarpy, David R. T2 - CONSERVATION GENETICS DA - 2017/6// PY - 2017/6// DO - 10.1007/s10592-017-0942-x VL - 18 IS - 3 SP - 659-666 SN - 1572-9737 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85013371895&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Microsatellites KW - Antimicrobial peptides KW - Defensin KW - Hymenoptaecin KW - Management ER - TY - JOUR TI - Beyond thermal limits: comprehensive metrics of performance identify key axes of thermal adaptation in ants AU - Penick, Clint A. AU - Diamond, Sarah E. AU - Sanders, Nathan J. AU - Dunn, Robert R. T2 - FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY AB - Summary How species respond to temperature change depends in large part on their physiology. Physiological traits, such as critical thermal limits ( CT max and CT min ), provide estimates of thermal performance but may not capture the full impacts of temperature on fitness. Rather, thermal performance likely depends on a combination of traits—including thermal limits—that vary among species. Here, we examine how thermal limits correlate with the main components that influence fitness in ants. First, we compare how temperature affected colony survival and growth in two ant species that differ in their responses to warming in the field— Aphaenogaster rudis (heat‐intolerant) and Temnothorax curvispinosus (heat‐tolerant). We then extended our study to compare CT max , thermal requirements of brood and yearly activity season among a broader set of ant species. While thermal limits were higher for workers of T. curvispinosus than A. rudis , T. curvispinosus colonies also required higher temperatures for survival and colony growth. This pattern generalized across 17 ant species, such that species whose foragers had a high CT max also required higher temperatures for brood development. Finally, species whose foragers had a high CT max had relatively short activity seasons compared with less heat‐tolerant species. The relationships between CT max , thermal requirements of brood and seasonal activity suggest two main strategies for growth and development in changing thermal environments: one where ants forage at higher temperatures over a short activity season and another where ants forage at lower temperatures for an extended activity season. Where species fall on this spectrum may influence a broad range of life‐history characteristics and aid in explaining the current distributions of ants as well as their responses to future climate change. A lay summary is available for this article. DA - 2017/5// PY - 2017/5// DO - 10.1111/1365-2435.12818 VL - 31 IS - 5 SP - 1091-1100 SN - 1365-2435 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85010641179&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - climate change KW - critical thermal limits KW - development KW - phenology KW - social insects KW - thermal adaptation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Process-based modelling shows how climate and demography shape language diversity AU - Michael, Gavin C. AU - Rangel, Thiago F. AU - Bowern, Claire AU - Colwell, Robert K. AU - Kirby, Kathryn R. AU - Botero, Carlos A. AU - Dunn, Michael AU - Dunn, Robert R. AU - McCarter, Joe AU - Coelho, Marco Tulio Pacheco AU - Gray, Russell D. T2 - GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY AB - Abstract Aim Two fundamental questions about human language demand answers: why are so many languages spoken today and why is their geographical distribution so uneven? Although hypotheses have been proposed for centuries, the processes that determine patterns of linguistic and cultural diversity remain poorly understood. Previous studies, which relied on correlative, curve‐fitting approaches, have produced contradictory results. Here we present the first application of process‐based simulation modelling, derived from macroecology, to examine the distribution of human groups and their languages. Location The Australian continent is used as a case study to demonstrate the power of simulation modelling for identifying processes shaping the diversity and distribution of human languages. Methods Process‐based simulation models allow investigators to hold certain factors constant in order to isolate and assess the impact of modelled processes. We tested the extent to which a minimal set of processes determines the number and spatial distribution of languages on the Australian continent. Our model made three basic assumptions based on previously proposed, but untested, hypotheses: groups fill unoccupied spaces, rainfall limits population density and groups divide after reaching a maximum population. Results Remarkably, this simple model accurately predicted the total number of languages (average estimate 406, observed 407), and explained 56% of spatial variation in language richness on the Australian continent. Main conclusions Our results present strong evidence that current climatic conditions and limits to group size are important processes shaping language diversity patterns in Australia. Our study also demonstrates how simulation models from macroecology can be used to understand the processes that have shaped human cultural diversity across the globe. DA - 2017/5// PY - 2017/5// DO - 10.1111/geb.12563 VL - 26 IS - 5 SP - 584-591 SN - 1466-8238 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85008474181&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Culture KW - language diversity KW - macroecology KW - simulation modelling ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Global Synanthrome Project: A Call for an Exhaustive Study of Human Associates AU - Dunn, Robert R. AU - Nunn, Charles L. AU - Horvath, Julie E. T2 - TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY AB - Here we coin the term synanthrome to describe all of the species we interact with. We propose that the time is now here for The Global Synanthrome Project to describe all of our interacting species and how they have changed through time and across space. This effort must involve natural history, ecology, and evolutionary biology in addition to genomics studies that are already underway. DA - 2017/1// PY - 2017/1// DO - 10.1016/j.pt.2016.09.007 VL - 33 IS - 1 SP - 4-7 SN - 1471-5007 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85001090545&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Molecular analysis of environmental plant DNA in house dust across the United States AU - Craine, Joseph M. AU - Barberan, Albert AU - Lynch, Ryan C. AU - Menninger, Holly L. AU - Dunn, Robert R. AU - Fierer, Noah T2 - AEROBIOLOGIA DA - 2017/3// PY - 2017/3// DO - 10.1007/s10453-016-9451-5 VL - 33 IS - 1 SP - 71-86 SN - 1573-3025 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84979255882&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Environmental DNA KW - Plant allergens KW - Geography KW - Next-generation sequencing ER - TY - JOUR TI - Acceptability of HIV Testing Sites Among Rural and Urban African Americans Who Use Cocaine AU - Branham, D. Keith AU - Borders, Tyrone F. AU - Stewart, Katharine E. AU - Curran, Geoffrey M. AU - Booth, Brenda M. T2 - AIDS AND BEHAVIOR AB - African Americans (AAs) who use cocaine in the Southern region of the U.S. have a relatively high risk of HIV and need for HIV testing. Among this group, those residing in rural areas may have less favorable opinions about common HIV testing sites, which could inhibit HIV testing. We examined rural/urban variations in their acceptability of multiple HIV testing sites (private physician clinic, local health department, community health center, community HIV fair, hospital emergency department, blood plasma donation center, drug abuse treatment facility, and mobile van or community outreach worker). Results from partial proportional odds and logistic regression analyses indicate that rural AA who use cocaine have lower odds of viewing local health departments (OR = 0.09, 95 % CI = 0.03–0.21), physician offices (OR = 0.19, 95 % CI = 0.09–0.42), and drug use treatment centers (OR = 0.49; 95 % CI = 0.30–0.80) as acceptable relative to their urban counterparts. The findings have implications for further targeting HIV testing toward AAs who use of cocaine, particularly those residing in the rural South. DA - 2017/2// PY - 2017/2// DO - 10.1007/s10461-016-1527-2 VL - 21 IS - 2 SP - 576-586 SN - 1573-3254 KW - Cocaine use KW - HIV testing KW - African American KW - Rural KW - Urban ER - TY - JOUR TI - GlobalAnts: a new database on the geography of ant traits (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) AU - Parr, Catherine L. AU - Dunn, Robert R. AU - Sanders, Nathan J. AU - Weiser, Michael D. AU - Photakis, Manoli AU - Bishop, Tom R. AU - Fitzpatrick, Matthew C. AU - Arnan, Xavier AU - Baccaro, Fabricio AU - Brandao, Carlos R. F. AU - Chick, Lacy AU - Donoso, David A. AU - Fayle, Tom M. AU - Gomez, Crisanto AU - Grossman, Blair AU - Munyai, Thinandavha C. AU - Pacheco, Renata AU - Retana, Javier AU - Robinson, Andrew AU - Sagata, Katayo AU - Silva, Rogerio R. AU - Tista, Melanie AU - Vasconcelos, Heraldo AU - Yates, Michelle AU - Gibb, Heloise T2 - INSECT CONSERVATION AND DIVERSITY AB - Abstract In recent years the focus in ecology has shifted from species to a greater emphasis on functional traits. In tandem with this shift, a number of trait databases have been developed covering a range of taxa. Here, we introduce the GlobalAnts database. Globally, ants are dominant, diverse and provide a range of ecosystem functions. The database represents a significant tool for ecology in that it (i) contributes to a global archive of ant traits (morphology, ecology and life history) which complements existing ant databases and (ii) promotes a trait‐based approach in ant and other insect ecology through a broad set of standardised traits. The GlobalAnts database is unique in that it represents the largest online database of functional traits with associated georeferenced assemblage‐level data (abundance and/or occupancy) for any animal group with 9056 ant species and morphospecies records for entire local assemblages across 4416 sites. We describe the structure of the database, types of traits included and present a summary of data coverage. The value of the database is demonstrated through an initial examination of trait distributions across subfamilies, continents and biomes. Striking biogeographic differences in ant traits are highlighted which raise intriguing questions as to the mechanisms generating them. DA - 2017/1// PY - 2017/1// DO - 10.1111/icad.12211 VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - 5-20 SN - 1752-4598 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85008262955&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Assemblages KW - ecology KW - functional trait KW - morphology KW - online database ER - TY - JOUR TI - Responses of arthropod populations to warming depend on latitude: evidence from urban heat islands AU - Youngsteadt, Elsa AU - Ernst, Andrew F. AU - Dunn, Robert R. AU - Frank, Steven D. T2 - GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY AB - Biological effects of climate change are expected to vary geographically, with a strong signature of latitude. For ectothermic animals, there is systematic latitudinal variation in the relationship between climate and thermal performance curves, which describe the relationship between temperature and an organism's fitness. Here, we ask whether these documented latitudinal patterns can be generalized to predict arthropod responses to warming across mid- and high temperate latitudes, for taxa whose thermal physiology has not been measured. To address this question, we used a novel natural experiment consisting of a series of urban warming gradients at different latitudes. Specifically, we sampled arthropods from a single common street tree species across temperature gradients in four US cities, located from 35.8 to 42.4° latitude. We captured 6746 arthropods in 34 families from 111 sites that varied in summer average temperature by 1.7-3.4 °C within each city. Arthropod responses to warming within each city were characterized as Poisson regression coefficients describing change in abundance per °C for each family. Family responses in the two midlatitude cities were heterogeneous, including significantly negative and positive effects, while those in high-latitude cities varied no more than expected by chance within each city. We expected high-latitude taxa to increase in abundance with warming, and they did so in one of the two high-latitude cities; in the other, Queens (New York City), most taxa declined with warming, perhaps due to habitat loss that was correlated with warming in this city. With the exception of Queens, patterns of family responses to warming were consistent with predictions based on known latitudinal patterns in arthropod physiology relative to regional climate. Heterogeneous responses in midlatitudes may be ecologically disruptive if interacting taxa respond oppositely to warming. DA - 2017/4// PY - 2017/4// DO - 10.1111/gcb.13550 VL - 23 IS - 4 SP - 1436-1447 SN - 1365-2486 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85006106453&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - arthropods KW - climate change KW - ectotherms KW - global warming KW - latitude KW - thermal tolerance KW - urban heat island KW - urbanization ER - TY - JOUR TI - A longitudinal study of human milk composition in the second year postpartum: implications for human milk banking AU - Perrin, Maryanne T. AU - Fogleman, April D. AU - Newburg, David S. AU - Allen, Jonathan C. T2 - MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION AB - Abstract While the composition of human milk has been studied extensively in the first year of lactation, there is a paucity of data regarding human milk composition beyond one year postpartum. Policies vary at milk banks around the world regarding how long lactating women are eligible to donate their milk. The primary purpose of this study is to describe longitudinal changes in human milk composition in the second year postpartum to support the development of evidence based guidelines regarding how long lactating women can donate human milk to a milk bank. Nineteen lactating women in North Carolina provided monthly milk samples from 11 months to 17 months postpartum ( N = 131), and two non‐profit milk banks provided ( N = 33) pooled, unpasteurized milk samples from 51 approved donors less than one year postpartum. There was a significant increase ( P < 0.05) in the concentration of total protein, lactoferrin, lysozyme, Immunoglobulin A, oligosaccharides and sodium in longitudinal samples of mother's milk between 11 and 17 months postpartum, while zinc and calcium concentrations declined, and no changes were observed in lactose, fat, iron and potassium. Human milk in the second year postpartum contained significantly higher concentrations of total protein, lactoferrin, lysozyme and Immunoglobulin A, than milk bank samples, and significantly lower concentrations of zinc, calcium, iron and oligosaccharides. Accepting milk bank donations beyond one year postpartum is a potential strategy for increasing the supply of donor milk, but may require mineral fortification. DA - 2017/1// PY - 2017/1// DO - 10.1111/mcn.12239 VL - 13 IS - 1 SP - SN - 1740-8709 KW - human milk KW - milk banking KW - lactation KW - pasteurized donor milk ER -