TY - JOUR TI - statacons: An SCons-Based Build Tool for Stata AU - Guiteras, Raymond AU - Kim, Ahnjeong AU - Quistorff, Brian AU - Shumway, Clayson AB - This paper presents statacons, an SCons-based build tool for Stata. Because of the integration of Stata and Python in recent versions of Stata, we are able to adapt SCons for Stata workflows without the use of an external shell or extensive configuration. We discuss the usefulness of build tools generally, provide examples of the use of statacons in Stata workflows, present key elements of the syntax of statacons, and discuss extensions, alternatives, and limitations. Appendices provide installation instructions and recommendations for collaborative workflows. DA - 2022/1/15/ PY - 2022/1/15/ DO - 10.31222/osf.io/qesx6 UR - https://doi.org/10.31222/osf.io/qesx6 ER - TY - JOUR TI - From 'Think' to 'Do': Operationalizing the SDGs across the Curriculum at North Carolina State University AU - Murray, S. AU - Galik, C.S. AU - Bast, J. AU - Hawley, D. T2 - UN Chronicle DA - 2022/3/10/ PY - 2022/3/10/ ER - TY - BOOK TI - Accounting Considerations for Capturing the GHG Consequences of BECCS AU - Galik, C.S. AU - Baker, J.S. AU - Bartuska, A. AU - Abt, R.C. DA - 2022/// PY - 2022/// PB - Energy Futures Initiative ER - TY - JOUR TI - Climate Change and Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems in the Coastal Carolinas: Perspectives from Wastewater Managers AU - Vorhees, Lauren AU - Harrison, Jane AU - O'Driscoll, Michael AU - Humphrey, Charles, Jr. AU - Bowden, Jared T2 - WEATHER CLIMATE AND SOCIETY AB - Abstract Nearly one-half of the residents of North and South Carolina use decentralized or onsite wastewater treatment systems (OWTS). As the climate changes, coastal communities relying on OWTS are particularly vulnerable, as soil-based wastewater treatment may be reduced by water inundation from storm surge, sea level rise and associated groundwater rise, and heavy rainfall. Despite the vulnerabilities of OWTS to increased precipitation and sea level rise, there is little known about how onsite wastewater managers are responding to current and future climate risks. We conducted interviews with wastewater operators and installers and health regulators to understand the functioning, management, and regulation of OWTS in the current climate, challenges with rising sea levels and increases in extreme weather events, and what adaptation strategies could be implemented to mitigate negative impacts. Our results indicate that heavy precipitation and storm surges cause malfunctions for conventional septic systems where traditional site variables (e.g., soil type or groundwater level) are undesirable. Weather and climate are not required regulatory factors to consider in system selection and site approval, but many OWTS managers are aware of their impacts on the functioning of systems, and some are preemptively taking action to mitigate those impacts. Our findings suggest that filling gaps in the current communication structure between regulators and homeowners relying on OWTS is critical for coastal communities in the Carolinas to build climate resilience into decentralized wastewater infrastructure. Significance Statement This research aims to understand the functioning, management, and regulation of onsite wastewater treatment systems in the current climate, the challenges to these systems caused by rising sea levels and increases in extreme weather events, and the adaptation strategies that can be implemented to mitigate negative climate impacts. These results can be used by state government agencies, municipalities, and private sector wastewater managers to improve the resiliency of onsite wastewater treatment systems. DA - 2022/10// PY - 2022/10// DO - 10.1175/WCAS-D-21-0192.1 VL - 14 IS - 4 SP - 1287-1305 SN - 1948-8335 KW - Social science KW - Climate change KW - Adaptation KW - Water resources ER - TY - JOUR TI - Understanding Forest Landowner Attitudes, Perceived Risk, and Response to Emerald Ash Borer in Kentucky AU - Adhikari, Ram K. AU - Poudyal, Neelam C. AU - Ochuodho, Thomas O. AU - Parajuli, Rajan AU - Joshi, Omkar AU - Mehmood, Sayeed R. AU - Munsell, John F. AU - Dhungel, Gaurav AU - Thomas, William AU - Crocker, Ellen AU - Zhou, Mo T2 - JOURNAL OF FORESTRY AB - Abstract Emerald ash borer (EAB) (Agrilus planipennis), an invasive nonnative beetle, is responsible for the mortality of ash trees in the eastern and midwestern United States. Despite efforts to contain this beetle through various control options, human-induced spread of EAB has caused damage to ash forests in many states. Because most ash trees are under private ownership, it is important to understand how landowners evaluate the risk of EAB and perceive the effectiveness of various control options. A mail survey of private forest landowners was conducted in Kentucky in 2020 to assess their awareness and perception of various control options of EAB infestation. Results from this survey suggest that landowners are concerned about EAB and the associated increased risks, reduced quality of scenic views, and increased cleanup costs. Landowners experiencing EAB infestation believed that EAB management needs collective actions and that current efforts by government agencies are not sufficient. However, few landowners are taking actions themselves to manage EAB on their property. These findings shed light on the extent to which landowners are concerned about EAB impact and emphasize the need for development of effective control options and outreach programs to increase landowner engagement and actions in EAB control and management. DA - 2022/12/13/ PY - 2022/12/13/ DO - 10.1093/jofore/fvac040 VL - 12 SP - SN - 1938-3746 KW - ash tree KW - emerald ash borer KW - invasive species KW - Kentucky forest health KW - sustainable management ER - TY - JOUR TI - Spatial Analysis of Forest Product Manufacturers in North Carolina AU - Sodiya, Olakunle E. AU - Parajuli, Rajan AU - Abt, Robert C. AU - Gray, Joshua T2 - FOREST SCIENCE AB - Abstract Spatial analysis of industrial locations is an important tool for cluster-based economic development that helps identify hot spots for attracting new businesses in a particular region. The forest product industry in North Carolina (NC) is the top employer among all manufacturing sectors, with a substantial contribution to the state economy. Using geographic information system tools, we examined the current spatial distribution of the primary and secondary forest product manufacturers (FPM) and available forest resources to identify major hot spots in NC. Additionally, by estimating count data models, this study evaluated factors influencing the location of FPMs across counties in NC. Our results suggested that primary FPMs exhibit a higher spatial dependency relative to secondary FPMs. Similarly, regression results suggested that the counties near cities with high population, hot spots of raw materials, and better county economy are more likely to host both primary and secondary FPMs in the counties of NC. The findings of this study shed light on how the clustering of forest product manufacturing firms may influence competition between FPMs, sustainable supply of raw materials, and supply-chain networks in forest-dependent rural regions. DA - 2022/12/17/ PY - 2022/12/17/ DO - 10.1093/forsci/fxac045 VL - 12 SP - SN - 1938-3738 KW - forest product manufacturers KW - clustering KW - hot spots analysis KW - economic development KW - forest resources ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on the livelihoods of rural households in the community forestry landscape in the Middle Hills of Nepal AU - Bista, Rajesh AU - Parajuli, Rajan AU - Giri, Kalpana AU - Karki, Rahul AU - Song, Conghe T2 - TREES FORESTS AND PEOPLE AB - The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has severely affected all sectors of the economy, and the impacts are expected to last-long. One major impact is that migrants return to their original households in rural communities due to loss of jobs. Since rural communities are highly dependent on forest and agriculture for livelihoods, an influx of return migrants likely increases the consumption of forest products and intensifies the agriculture practices, increasing the pressure on forest resources. Based on in-person interview of 215 in 2018 before the pandemic and a phone interview of the same 215 rural households in 2021 at the peak of the pandemic in Kavrepalanchowk district in Nepal, this study addresses the following research questions: (1) Does COVID-19 exert differential impacts among the socio-economic groups? (2) How do return migrants affect the rural land use? (3) Do return migrants put additional pressure on forests resources? The rare before-and-after dataset provide a precious opportunity to assess the COVID-19 impacts on the livelihoods of rural households in the community forestry landscape in the Middle Hills of Nepal. We found that the impacts of COVID-19 were severe on the households with larger family size, those belonging to the marginalized caste groups, having lower number of livestock, low wellbeing index, those who rely on daily wage-based occupation, with low level of education, and the households with return migrants. A significant number of migrants were found to return to their village of origin. As a result, there was a decrease in abandoned land and an increase in the livestock number and forest product use. These findings provide timely insights for the post-pandemic recovery efforts in better targeting needy household with limited resource in the community forestry landscape in the Middle Hills of Nepal. DA - 2022/9// PY - 2022/9// DO - 10.1016/j.tfp.2022.100312 VL - 9 SP - SN - 2666-7193 KW - Community forest KW - Migrant returnees KW - COVID-19 KW - Forest pressure KW - Livelihood KW - Rural household ER - TY - JOUR TI - Contributions of healthier diets and agricultural productivity toward sustainability and climate goals in the United States AU - Wu, Grace C. AU - Baker, Justin S. AU - Wade, Christopher M. AU - McCord, Gordon C. AU - Fargione, Joseph E. AU - Havlik, Petr T2 - SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE AB - Abstract Meeting ambitious climate targets will require deploying the full suite of mitigation options, including those that indirectly reduce greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions. Healthy diets have sustainability co-benefits by directly reducing livestock emissions as well as indirectly reducing land use emissions. Increased crop productivity could indirectly avoid emissions by reducing cropland area. However, there is disagreement on the sustainability of proposed healthy U.S. diets and a lack of clarity on how long-term sustainability benefits may change in response to shifts in the livestock sector. Here, we explore the GHG emissions impacts of seven scenarios that vary U.S. crop yields and healthier diets in the U.S. and overseas. We also examine how impacts vary across assumptions of future ruminant livestock productivity and ruminant stocking density in the U.S. We employ two complementary land use models—the US FABLE Calculator, an agricultural and forestry sector accounting model with high agricultural commodity representation, and GLOBIOM, a spatially explicit partial equilibrium optimization model for global land use systems. Results suggest that healthier U.S. diets that follow the Dietary Guidelines for Americans reduce agricultural and land use greenhouse gas emissions by 25–57% (approx 120–310 MtCO 2e /y) and pastureland area by 28–38%. The potential emissions and land sparing benefits of U.S. agricultural productivity growth are modest within the U.S. due to the increasing comparative advantage of U.S. crops. Our findings suggest that healthy U.S. diets can significantly contribute toward meeting U.S. long-term climate goals for the land use sectors. DA - 2022/11/24/ PY - 2022/11/24/ DO - 10.1007/s11625-022-01232-w VL - 11 SP - SN - 1862-4057 KW - Land use KW - Diets KW - Agriculture KW - GHG emissions KW - FABLE ER - TY - JOUR TI - A system-wide assessment of forest biomass production, markets, and carbon AU - Favero, Alice AU - Daigneault, Adam AU - Sohngen, Brent AU - Baker, Justin T2 - GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY BIOENERGY AB - Abstract This study examines the effects of supplying forest biomass on forest ecosystem services and goods with a dynamic systems model. This unique analysis models dynamic trade and investments in forestry, thereby capturing price changes from increased forest biomass demand on current and future flows of forest ecosystem services and natural capital stocks. Forests across the globe are interconnected through timber and forest biomass markets, which influence forest management decisions, land rents, and policy responses. Results indicate that expanding forest biomass consumption, even at relatively low levels, will have important impacts on ecosystem services, particularly the benefits of terrestrial carbon sequestration and timber outputs. Increased forest biomass production can be achieved with smaller impacts on ecosystem services through policies targeting natural forest preservation. However, policies that encourage residual biomass use for energy or discourage forest plantation expansion could potentially compromise carbon benefits. DA - 2022/11/29/ PY - 2022/11/29/ DO - 10.1111/gcbb.13013 VL - 11 SP - SN - 1757-1707 KW - climate change mitigation KW - ecosystem KW - forest biomass KW - forest carbon stock KW - managed forest ER - TY - JOUR TI - Scaling smallholder tree cover restoration across the tropics AU - Shyamsundar, Priya AU - Cohen, Francois AU - Boucher, Timothy M. AU - Kroeger, Timm AU - Erbaugh, James T. AU - Waterfield, Gina AU - Clarke, Caitlin AU - Cook-Patton, Susan C. AU - Garcia, Edenise AU - Juma, Kevin AU - Kaur, Sunpreet AU - Leisher, Craig AU - Miller, Daniel C. AU - Oester, Ke AU - Saigal, Sushil AU - Siikamaki, Juha AU - Sills, Erin O. AU - Thaung, Tint AU - Trihadmojo, Bambang AU - Veiga, Fernando AU - Vincent, Jeffrey R. AU - Yi, Yuanyuan AU - Zhang, Xiaoquan X. T2 - GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS AB - Restoring tree cover in tropical countries has the potential to benefit millions of smallholders through improvements in income and environmental services. However, despite their dominant landholding shares in many countries, smallholders’ role in restoration has not been addressed in prior global or pan-tropical restoration studies. We fill this lacuna by using global spatial data on trees and people, national indicators of enabling conditions, and micro-level expert information. We find that by 2050, low-cost restoration is feasible within 280, 200, and 60 million hectares of tropical croplands, pasturelands, and degraded forestlands, respectively. Such restoration could affect 210 million people in croplands, 59 million people in pasturelands and 22 million people in degraded forestlands. This predominance of low-cost restoration opportunity in populated agricultural lands has not been revealed by prior analyses of tree cover restoration potential. In countries with low-cost tropical restoration potential, smallholdings comprise a significant proportion of agricultural lands in Asia (∼76 %) and Africa (∼60 %) but not the Americas (∼3%). Thus, while the Americas account for approximately half of 21st century tropical deforestation, smallholder-based reforestation may play a larger role in efforts to reverse recent forest loss in Asia and Africa than in the Americas. Furthermore, our analyses show that countries with low-cost restoration potential largely lack policy commitments or smallholder supportive institutional and market conditions. Discussions among practitioners and researchers suggest that four principles – partnering with farmers and prioritizing their preferences, reducing uncertainty, strengthening markets, and mobilizing innovative financing – can help scale smallholder-driven restoration in the face of these challenges. DA - 2022/9// PY - 2022/9// DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2022.102591 VL - 76 SP - SN - 1872-9495 KW - Forest landscape restoration KW - Nature-based solutions KW - Land use policy KW - Spatial analysis KW - Tree planting ER - TY - JOUR TI - How the future of the global forest sink depends on timber demand, forest management, and carbon policies AU - Daigneault, Adam AU - Baker, Justin S. AU - Guo, Jinggang AU - Lauri, Pekka AU - Favero, Alice AU - Forsell, Nicklas AU - Johnston, Craig AU - Ohrel, Sara B. AU - Sohngen, Brent T2 - GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS AB - Deforestation has contributed significantly to net greenhouse gas emissions, but slowing deforestation, regrowing forests and other ecosystem processes have made forests a net sink. Deforestation will still influence future carbon fluxes, but the role of forest growth through aging, management, and other silvicultural inputs on future carbon fluxes are critically important but not always recognized by bookkeeping and integrated assessment models. When projecting the future, it is vital to capture how management processes affect carbon storage in ecosystems and wood products. This study uses multiple global forest sector models to project forest carbon impacts across 81 shared socioeconomic (SSP) and climate mitigation pathway scenarios. We illustrate the importance of modeling management decisions in existing forests in response to changing demands for land resources, wood products and carbon. Although the models vary in key attributes, there is general agreement across a majority of scenarios that the global forest sector could remain a carbon sink in the future, sequestering 1.2-5.8 GtCO2e/yr over the next century. Carbon fluxes in the baseline scenarios that exclude climate mitigation policy ranged from -0.8 to 4.9 GtCO2e/yr, highlighting the strong influence of SSPs on forest sector model estimates. Improved forest management can jointly increase carbon stocks and harvests without expanding forest area, suggesting that carbon fluxes from managed forests systems deserve more careful consideration by the climate policy community. DA - 2022/9// PY - 2022/9// DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2022.102582 VL - 76 SP - SN - 1872-9495 KW - Model intercomparison KW - Land use KW - Carbon KW - Bioenergy KW - Climate change mitigation KW - Shared socioeconomic pathways KW - Shared policy analysis ER - TY - JOUR TI - How can diverse national food and land-use priorities be reconciled with global sustainability targets? Lessons from the FABLE initiative AU - Mosnier, Aline AU - Schmidt-Traub, Guido AU - Obersteiner, Michael AU - Jones, Sarah AU - Javalera-Rincon, Valeria AU - DeClerck, Fabrice AU - Thomson, Marcus AU - Sperling, Frank AU - Harrison, Paula AU - Perez-Guzman, Katya AU - McCord, Gordon Carlos AU - Navarro-Garcia, Javier AU - Marcos-Martinez, Raymundo AU - Wu, Grace C. AU - Poncet, Jordan AU - Douzal, Clara AU - Steinhauser, Jan AU - Monjeau, Adrian AU - Frank, Federico AU - Lehtonen, Heikki AU - Ramo, Janne AU - Leach, Nicholas AU - Gonzalez-Abraham, Charlotte E. AU - Ghosh, Ranjan Kumar AU - Jha, Chandan AU - Singh, Vartika AU - Bai, Zhaohai AU - Jin, Xinpeng AU - Ma, Lin AU - Strokov, Anton AU - Potashnikov, Vladimir AU - Orduna-Cabrera, Fernando AU - Neubauer, Rudolf AU - Diaz, Maria AU - Penescu, Liviu AU - Dominguez, Efrain Antonio AU - Chavarro, John AU - Pena, Andres AU - Basnet, Shyam AU - Fetzer, Ingo AU - Baker, Justin AU - Zerriffi, Hisham AU - Gallardo, Rene Reyes AU - Bryan, Brett Anthony AU - Hadjikakou, Michalis AU - Lotze-Campen, Hermann AU - Stevanovic, Miodrag AU - Smith, Alison AU - Costa, Wanderson AU - Habiburrachman, A. H. F. AU - Immanuel, Gito AU - Selomane, Odirilwe AU - Daloz, Anne-Sophie AU - Andrew, Robbie AU - Oort, Bob AU - Imanirareba, Dative AU - Molla, Kiflu Gedefe AU - Woldeyes, Firew Bekele AU - Soterroni, Aline C. AU - Scarabello, Marluce AU - Ramos, Fernando M. AU - Boer, Rizaldi AU - Winarni, Nurul Laksmi AU - Supriatna, Jatna AU - Low, Wai Sern AU - Fan, Andrew Chiah Howe AU - Naramabuye, Francois Xavier AU - Niyitanga, Fidele AU - Olguin, Marcela AU - Popp, Alexander AU - Rasche, Livia AU - Godfray, Charles AU - Hall, Jim W. AU - Grundy, Mike J. AU - Wang, Xiaoxi T2 - SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE AB - Abstract There is an urgent need for countries to transition their national food and land-use systems toward food and nutritional security, climate stability, and environmental integrity. How can countries satisfy their demands while jointly delivering the required transformative change to achieve global sustainability targets? Here, we present a collaborative approach developed with the FABLE—Food, Agriculture, Biodiversity, Land, and Energy—Consortium to reconcile both global and national elements for developing national food and land-use system pathways. This approach includes three key features: (1) global targets, (2) country-driven multi-objective pathways, and (3) multiple iterations of pathway refinement informed by both national and international impacts. This approach strengthens policy coherence and highlights where greater national and international ambition is needed to achieve global goals (e.g., the SDGs). We discuss how this could be used to support future climate and biodiversity negotiations and what further developments would be needed. DA - 2022/10/5/ PY - 2022/10/5/ DO - 10.1007/s11625-022-01227-7 VL - 10 SP - SN - 1862-4057 KW - Food system KW - Land use KW - Sustainability KW - Integrated models KW - Trade KW - Climate change ER - TY - JOUR TI - Crediting temporary forest carbon: Retrospective and empirical perspectives on accounting options AU - Galik, Christopher S. S. AU - Baker, Justin S. S. AU - Daigneault, Adam AU - Latta, Gregory T2 - FRONTIERS IN FORESTS AND GLOBAL CHANGE AB - The costs and technical expertise associated with forest carbon offset projects can be significant, while decades-long time commitments can discourage participation from the outset. Considering these challenges, several new approaches have emerged in the United States under the auspices of both long-standing and recently-established programs, attempting to leverage increased carbon mitigation. What several of these approaches have in common is reduced emphasis on long-term storage, what we refer to as a traditional perspective of permanence. Instead, each considers shorter periods of time—up to and including single year harvest deferrals—as eligible project commitments. Here, we provide a brief discussion of the historical permanence and accounting literature, with an emphasis on contradictory views and how these perspectives have evolved over time. Next, we quantitatively assess the long-term influence of different permanence requirements as envisioned in several new and existing forest carbon programs, estimating net mitigation across a variety of forest types and project configurations. We conclude with a presentation of our quantitative findings in the context of the existing literature, while also highlighting unmet research needs on these so-called new offsets , those emerging novel approaches for forest carbon mitigation that challenge the research and practice status quo . DA - 2022/8/12/ PY - 2022/8/12/ DO - 10.3389/ffgc.2022.933020 VL - 5 SP - SN - 2624-893X KW - offsets KW - permanence KW - climate change mitigation KW - carbon sequestration KW - ton-year ER - TY - JOUR TI - Distributional Effects of Entry Fees and Taxation for Public Beaches AU - Lupi, Frank AU - Haefen, Roger H. AU - Cheng, Li T2 - LAND ECONOMICS AB - We use a multisite general population demand model to assess welfare and distributional effects of entrance pricing and taxation to finance Great Lakes beach management. We compare revenue resulting from uniform entry (i.e., gate) fees across sites to additional state income tax generating equivalent revenues. We present empirical demand elasticities with respect to total prices, including entry fees and elasticities with respect only to fees. We find that demand is price elastic for total trips and individual sites, with individual sites being significantly more elastic. Over a broad range of entry fees, total trip and site demands are fee elastic. DA - 2022/8// PY - 2022/8// DO - 10.3368/le.98.3.083121-0105 VL - 98 IS - 3 SP - 509-519 SN - 1543-8325 ER - TY - JOUR TI - How Does Congestion Affect the Evaluation of Recreational Gate Fees? An Application to Gulf Coast Beaches AU - Haefen, Roger H. AU - Lupi, Frank T2 - LAND ECONOMICS AB - We investigate how congestion influences the welfare, revenue-raising, and distributional implications of gate fees at outdoor recreational sites. A simple conceptual framework decomposes the effects of gate fees into three components, which are then quantified in an application to Gulf Coast beaches. Simulation results suggest that when congestion is a disamenity, the deadweight loss from gate fees declines, the revenue raised grows, and leakage to untaxed sites is less. Congestion feedbacks do not substantively change our distributional analysis, which implies that gate fees are regressive, do not disproportionately affect minorities, and privilege local recreators at the expense of overnight visitors. DA - 2022/8// PY - 2022/8// DO - 10.3368/le.98.3.082721-0102 VL - 98 IS - 3 SP - 495-508 SN - 1543-8325 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Role of Agritourism Microentrepreneurship and Collective Action in Shaping Stewardship of Farmlands AU - Peroff, Deidre M. AU - Morais, Duarte B. AU - Sills, Erin T2 - SUSTAINABILITY AB - Agritourism has been promoted primarily as a way to mitigate economic challenges faced by small-scale family farmers, but it may also foster land stewardship and promote agricultural literacy. There has been very little research on these relationships. We employed a primarily qualitative approach to assess how farmers’ involvement in agritourism microentrepreneurship shapes their stewardship of small-scale farmlands in southeastern North Carolina. Furthermore, we examined how farmers’ involvement in social structures, summarized in measures of collective action, supported or hindered this relationship. We find that reasons for participation in agritourism differed greatly between conventional farmers and alternative farmers. While both groups expressed a desire to reduce agricultural illiteracy among the public through agritourism, conventional farmers were motivated primarily by sociocultural reasons (e.g., community and youth development) while alternative farmers wanted to educate visitors about land stewardship and environmentally sustainable food production. Involvement in agritourism microentrepreneurship did not directly influence land stewardship by either group of farmers. Alternative farmers expressed that collective action was important in helping them promote land stewardship, but they felt restricted by sociocultural and geographic barriers preventing them from developing trust within their community. Conversely, conventional farmers reported deeper cultural roots in the community. Thus, participation in agritourism does not have a generalizable impact on farmers’ land stewardship; instead, agritourism becomes a stage through which farmers try to demonstrate their pre-existing land ethics. DA - 2022/7// PY - 2022/7// DO - 10.3390/su14138116 VL - 14 IS - 13 SP - SN - 2071-1050 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/su14138116 KW - agricultural literacy KW - ecoliteracy KW - self-determination KW - food KW - co-management ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Impact of Property Rights to Fish on Remote Communities in Alaska AU - Sutherland, Sara A. AU - Edwards, Eric C. T2 - LAND ECONOMICS AB - Sara A. Sutherland, Lecturer Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; sara.sutherland{at}duke.edu DA - 2022/5// PY - 2022/5// DO - 10.3368/le.98.2.061520-0087R1 VL - 98 IS - 2 SP - 239-253 SN - 1543-8325 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Role of Forests and Trees in Poverty Dynamics AU - Jagger, Pamela AU - Cheek, Jennifer Zavaleta AU - Miller, Daniel AU - Ryan, Casey AU - Shyamsundar, Priya AU - Sills, Erin T2 - FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS AB - Understanding the contribution of forests to poverty alleviation and human well-being has never been more important. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are erasing gains in poverty reduction achieved over the past several decades. At the same time, climate change is increasing the frequency of extreme weather events and natural disasters, especially in poor rural communities. In this paper, we review approaches to measuring poverty and well-being finding that standard approaches to measuring poverty and poverty dynamics typically do not adequately consider environmental goods and services, leading to an incompelete understanding of poverty dynamics among policy makers and practitioners. We identify four archetypal poverty trajectories and discuss how subsistence and cash income, assets, and non-material benefits from forests and tree-based systems influence each of them. We draw on the broad literature on forests and livelihoods, acknowledging that the majority of the literature on the topic of forests and poverty relies on static, micro-level, and highly contextualized analyses. Our review suggest that forests and tree-based systems provide a pathway out of poverty only under very specific conditions, when high value goods are accessible and marketed, or when ecosystem services can be monetized for the benefit of people living in or near forests. However, the role that forests play in supporting and maintaining current consumption, diversifying incomes, and meeting basic needs may be extremely important, particularly for those experiencing transient poverty. We discuss negative externalities associated with living proximate to forests, including the special case of geographic poverty traps, which can occur in remote forested areas. To build a strong evidence base for policy makers we recommend that research on forest-poverty dynamics address longer time-frames (up to decades), larger and/or nested spatial scales, and are contextualized within the landscape, region, or national setting where it is conducted. Advancing our understanding of forest-poverty dynamics is critical, particularly in low and middle-income countries where large numbers of people live in or near forests or in landscapes with forest-agriculture mosaics. Policy makers should strive to understand the potential role for forest-based livelihood strategies among their suite of social protection and poverty reduction policies and programs, particularly for addressing transient poverty. DA - 2022/7// PY - 2022/7// DO - 10.1016/j.forpol.2022.102750 VL - 140 SP - SN - 1872-7050 KW - Forest policy KW - Livelihoods KW - Poverty reduction KW - Sustainable Development Goals KW - Risk mitigation KW - Safety nets ER - TY - JOUR TI - Economic contributions of wildlife management areas in North Carolina AU - Casola, William R. AU - Peterson, M. Nils AU - Sills, Erin O. AU - Pacifici, Krishna AU - Moorman, Christopher E. T2 - FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS AB - Wildlife management areas (WMAs) provide a wide range of ecosystem services. Among these services, hunting and fishing often make the most obvious contribution to local and state economies through the expenditures of the hunters and anglers. However, the total economic contributions of WMAs also include other forms of recreation that are generally less visible, unlicensed, and less well understood. Quantifying the size of the economic contribution from all recreationists can inform decisions about investment in and management of public lands. To this end, we estimated the direct, indirect, and induced economic contributions of recreation on protected land managed by the state of North Carolina (NC) primarily for hunting, fishing, and wildlife conservation (hereafter WMAs). We collected data on visitation and conducted in-person intercept surveys at 9 WMAs to estimate the number of visits and expenditures per visit for people engaged in activities that required licenses (e.g., hunting) and activities that did not (e.g., hiking and bird watching). We estimated annual visitation on the 9 study WMAs, accounting for differences in location, hunting season, day of the week, and weather. We then predicted annual visitation at all 94 WMAs in NC using a predictive regression model. Most visitors did not engage in any licensed activities, and those visitors spent more per trip on average ($119.83) and had greater variability in expenses than visitors engaged in licensed activities ($84.19). We used the estimates of total annual visits, expenditures per visit, and the distribution of those expenditures across sectors to calculate the economic contribution of recreation on each of the 9 study WMAs and on the entire WMA system in NC. Recreation was responsible for approximately 2200 jobs, $84 million USD in annual labor income, and $140 million USD in value added annually in NC. The majority of this contribution was due to visits made by users not engage in licensed uses of WMAs, as those users were more numerous, spent more per trip, and were more likely to visit WMAs in peri-urban areas with more economic linkages than rural areas. DA - 2022/7// PY - 2022/7// DO - 10.1016/j.forpol.2022.102747 VL - 140 SP - SN - 1872-7050 KW - Wildlife management areas KW - Economic contribution KW - IMPLAN KW - Input -output model KW - Recreation KW - Hunting ER - TY - JOUR TI - Lessons for a SECURE Future: Evaluating Diversity in Crop Biotechnology Across Regulatory Regimes AU - George, Dalton R. AU - Hornstein, Eli D. AU - Clower, Carrie A. AU - Coomber, Allison L. AU - Dillard, DeShae AU - Mugwanya, Nassib AU - Pezzini, Daniela T. AU - Rozowski, Casey T2 - FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY AB - Regulation of next-generation crops in the United States under the newly implemented "SECURE" rule promises to diversify innovation in agricultural biotechnology. Specifically, SECURE promises to expand the number of products eligible for regulatory exemption, which proponents theorize will increase the variety of traits, genes, organisms, and developers involved in developing crop biotechnology. However, few data-driven studies have looked back at the history of crop biotechnology to understand how specific regulatory pathways have affected diversity in crop biotechnology and how those patterns might change over time. In this article, we draw upon 30 years of regulatory submission data to 1) understand historical diversification trends across the landscape and history of past crop biotechnology regulatory pathways and 2) forecast how the new SECURE regulations might affect future diversification trends. Our goal is to apply an empirical approach to exploring the relationship between regulation and diversity in crop biotechnology and provide a basis for future data-driven analysis of regulatory outcomes. Based on our analysis, we suggest that diversity in crop biotechnology does not follow a single trajectory dictated by the shifts in regulation, and outcomes of SECURE might be more varied and restrictive despite the revamped exemption categories. In addition, the concept of confidential business information and its relationship to past and future biotechnology regulation is reviewed in light of our analysis. DA - 2022/5/2/ PY - 2022/5/2/ DO - 10.3389/fbioe.2022.886765 VL - 10 SP - SN - 2296-4185 KW - crop biotechnology KW - SECURE rule KW - regulation KW - diversity trends KW - innovation KW - United States ER - TY - JOUR TI - Distributional policy impacts, WTP-WTA disparities, and the Kaldor-Hicks tests in benefit-cost analysis AU - Brown, Zachary Steven T2 - JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT AB - I examine how inequality in the distribution of income and a quasi-fixed good (e.g. environmental quality) can affect the disparity between aggregate willingness to accept (WTA) and willingness to pay (WTP) for policies that induce joint, nonmarginal and heterogeneous changes to income and the quasi-fixed good. These disparities can generate divergent conclusions from benefit-cost analysis (BCA). With Cobb-Douglas preferences, I show that greater inequality in policy impacts to the quasi-fixed good generally increases the range of conflicting conclusions from BCA using the Kaldor criterion (compensating variation) versus the Hicks criterion (equivalent variation). In two examples, I show that for any set of impacts to the quasi-fixed good there exists a degree of inequality in which the Kaldor-Hicks tests disagree. This disagreement arises because, with inequality, seemingly marginal policy changes can become nonmarginal when concentrated among marginalized or privileged groups, which can widen the gap between aggregate WTP and WTA. With CES preferences, when the goods are complements, WTA may be infinite, and when they are substitutes, budget constraints attenuate WTP: Both effects push the Kaldor-Hicks tests in opposing directions. I conclude that greater inequality increases the relevance of questioning whether to elicit WTP or WTA in nonmarket valuation for BCA. DA - 2022/5// PY - 2022/5// DO - 10.1016/j.jeem.2022.102654 VL - 113 SP - SN - 1096-0449 KW - Inequality KW - Benefit-cost analysis KW - Equivalent variation KW - Compensating variation KW - WTPWTA disparities ER - TY - JOUR TI - When burning wood to generate energy makes climate sense AU - Abt, Robert AU - Galik, Christopher AU - Baker, Justin T2 - BULLETIN OF THE ATOMIC SCIENTISTS AB - Over the last 20 years, IPPC reports have made it clear that the world must move beyond simply reducing the amount of carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere to actively removing it from the skies. (Solar and wind can reduce carbon emissions, but they do not remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere). New BioEnergy Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) technologies have been emerging that can remove carbon dioxide emissions from the atmosphere and sequester them permanently underground. Indeed, many long-term scenarios for transitioning from today’s fossil fuel-dependent society to a future net zero society hinge on BECCS. But a key question is what bioenergy feedstock to use. In some cases, powering these facilities by burning biomass that comes from plantations in the US South is an option. Consequently, the study of the origins, production, and use of the fuel consumed by the world’s largest biomass-fired power plant in Drax, England, provides a useful case study of the potential advantages and disadvantages of the burning of biomass – wood pellets made from trees, bark, roots, stumps, millwaste, sawdust, and other woody vegetation – in place of fossil fuel to generate power for processes such as BECCS. DA - 2022/5/4/ PY - 2022/5/4/ DO - 10.1080/00963402.2022.2062941 VL - 78 IS - 3 SP - 152-157 SN - 1938-3282 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/00963402.2022.2062941 KW - Biomass KW - bioenergy carbon capture and storage KW - BECCS KW - Drax KW - carbon emissions KW - renewables KW - wood pellets ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impacts of hurricanes on forest markets and economic welfare: The case of hurricane Michael AU - Henderson, Jesse D. AU - Abt, Robert C. AU - Abt, Karen L. AU - Baker, Justin AU - Sheffield, Ray T2 - Forest Policy and Economics AB - This paper develops methodologies and identifies data gaps for understanding the impacts of hurricanes on forest product markets. Using the case of Hurricane Michael, we simulate damage to forest growing stock and forest area from alternative damage estimations (inventory and remote sensed). We then consider alternative scenarios for replanting, and the spatial distribution of salvage consumption. Beyond previous analyses we examine both short run and long run market outcomes resulting from the age demographics of standing timber post-hurricane. The simulation framework developed allows for the comparison of welfare and forest carbon consequences. Across scenarios the hurricane causes a welfare increase for pine sawtimber producers ranging from 1.2 to 1.5 times the no-hurricane baseline, and a loss for pine sawtimber consumers ranging from 0.6 to 0.8 times the baseline. Hardwood sawtimber producers gain by equivalent factors of 1.8, and consumers lose half. All scenarios gained forest carbon on the order of 1.2 times the pre-hurricane forest carbon, however, the no-hurricane case exhibited both higher carbon and carbon per unit area after a 40-year simulation. DA - 2022/7// PY - 2022/7// DO - 10.1016/j.forpol.2022.102735 VL - 140 SP - 102735 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2022.102735 KW - Natural disasters KW - Hurricane Michael KW - Hurricane KW - Simulation analysis KW - Timber price dynamics ER - TY - JOUR TI - Opportunities and spatial hotspots for irrigation expansion in Guatemala to support development goals in the food-energy-water nexus AU - Wade, Christopher M. AU - Baker, Justin S. AU - Van Houtven, George AU - Cai, Yongxia AU - Lord, Benjamin AU - Castellanos, Edwin AU - Leiva, Benjamin AU - Fuentes, Gabriela AU - Alfaro, Gabriela AU - Kondash, A. J. AU - Henry, Candise L. AU - Shaw, Brooke AU - Redmon, Jennifer Hoponick T2 - AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT AB - Climate change, growing populations, and increasing wealth are increasing demand for food, energy, and water. Additionally, water stress is expected to increase in the future in areas with high rates of seasonality of precipitation, due to increased variability in precipitation. One approach to limiting the impact of climate change on food system productions is through the intensive and extensive expansion of irrigated agriculture. This study develops a hydro-economic model to assess future agriculture production possibilities and the role of irrigation water in the Pacific Slope region of Guatemala, one of the most productive agricultural regions in the country. A range of future scenarios are presented to account for uncertainty around irrigation infrastructure expansion, future crop prices, incentives for production of biomass for bioenergy, and water availability and irrigation demand due to climate change. We find that current surface water irrigation infrastructure increases agricultural output by value in the region by about 5.3% compared to a fully rainfed system. Additionally, we show that with expanded irrigation infrastructure, agricultural output could increase by between 3.4% and 18.4% relative to current levels under current climate conditions, but the value of agricultural production could increase under climate change with projected output from current and expanded irrigation infrastructure resulting in an increase of 1.2–24.8% relative to current irrigation levels. We also present evidence that the marginal benefit from increased irrigation access to smallholder farmers is nearly equal to that received by large-scale industrial agricultural producers. DA - 2022/6/1/ PY - 2022/6/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107608 VL - 267 SP - SN - 1873-2283 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107608 KW - Irrigation expansion KW - Hydro-economics KW - Surface water allocation ER - TY - JOUR TI - How do REDD plus projects contribute to the goals of the Paris Agreement? AU - Atmadja, Stibniati S. AU - Duchelle, Amy E. AU - De Sy, Veronique AU - Selviana, , Vivi AU - Komalasari, Mella AU - Sills, Erin O. AU - Angelsen, Arild T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS AB - Abstract Hundreds of projects to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation and enhance carbon stocks (REDD+) are implemented globally, many by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) or for-profit companies. Yet, at the global level, the Paris Agreement focuses on jurisdictional (national and subnational) REDD+. We ask: (1) How much can REDD+ projects contribute to achieving national and international climate objectives? (2) What are the issues in integrating REDD+ projects into national carbon accounting? Our snapshot of 377 REDD+ projects covering 53 million ha in 56 countries is based on data from the International Database on REDD+ Projects (ID-RECCO) supplemented with new data on projects’ accounting methods. The number of new REDD+ projects declined steadily from 45 new projects in 2011 to five in 2019. We examined 161 certified projects that started between 2007 and 2017; 96 of these could sell carbon credits in voluntary carbon markets by 2020 and spent on average 4.7 (± 2.4) years between project start and sales in voluntary carbon markets. Globally, REDD+ projects claim to reduce an average of 3.67 tCO2e/ha annually. This figure - combined with projects limited coverage - implies that projects need to be upscaled more than 40x to fulfil the potential contribution of tropical and subtropical forests towards limiting global warming to well below 2oC. Compared to the national carbon accounting methods, most projects in Colombia, Indonesia and Peru (63 of 86) use at least one different carbon accounting parameter. Carbon accounting inconsistencies across levels need to be addressed. Overall, the argument for REDD+ projects lies in the emissions reductions they can achieve, diversifying participation in REDD+ and providing non-carbon benefits to local communities, potentially leading to broader support for climate action. DA - 2022/4/1/ PY - 2022/4/1/ DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/ac5669 VL - 17 IS - 4 SP - SN - 1748-9326 UR - https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac5669 KW - natural climate solutions KW - climate change mitigation KW - forest carbon KW - voluntary carbon market KW - REDD plus benefits KW - afforestation reforestation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impacts of climate and weather on irrigation technology adoption and agricultural water use in the US pacific northwest AU - Shi, Jian AU - Wu, JunJie AU - Olen, Beau T2 - AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AB - Abstract In this article, we model long‐run responses to climate expectations that are predetermined before the growing season and short‐run responses to weather realizations during the growing season. The model is applied to a climatically diverse region, the U.S. Pacific Northwest, and the most comprehensive dataset on irrigation in the United States to estimate the impact of extreme weather on irrigation technology adoption and agricultural water use. Impacts on agricultural water use were driven more by adjustments to irrigated acreage (extensive margin effects) than by adjustments to the water application rate (intensive margin effects). The model captures the two mechanisms for irrigation to mitigate freeze damage to crops: wetting the soil (heat retention) and over‐head sprinkler irrigation (latent heat). Realized late spring freeze caused water use for orchard/vineyard to increase by 3%, but this represents less than a 1% increase in total agricultural water use. Expected spring freeze variability encouraged adoption of sprinkler irrigation technology for some crops. DA - 2022/3/14/ PY - 2022/3/14/ DO - 10.1111/agec.12705 SP - SN - 1574-0862 KW - agricultural water use KW - extreme weather KW - technology adoption ER - TY - JOUR TI - Challenges and opportunities for agroforestry practitioners to participate in state preferential property tax programs for agriculture and forestry AU - Chizmar, Stephanie AU - Parajuli, Rajan AU - Frey, Gregory E. AU - Bardon, Robert E. AU - Branan, Robert Andrew AU - MacFarland, Katherine AU - Smith, Matthew AU - Ameyaw, Lord T2 - TREES FORESTS AND PEOPLE AB - All 50 states offer preferential property tax programs that lower the taxes paid on enrolled agricultural and/or forest lands. While agroforestry is a land-use that combines elements of both agriculture and forestry, eligibility criteria and other rules and regulations may prevent landowners from enrolling agroforestry practices in one or more of the agricultural and forestry tax programs. This pilot-scale study developed conceptual and methodological frameworks to identify the current barriers to and opportunities in preferential tax policies applicable to agroforestry practices. We conducted an extensive review of state preferential property tax programs relevant for agroforestry practices, following focus group discussions with regional experts in five selected states across the United States: North Carolina, Nebraska, Wisconsin, New York, and Oregon. Based on a systematic review of statutes and their supporting documents, we developed a database of programs, which support or create barriers to enrollment of agroforestry practitioners into the programs. We found that agricultural tax assessments were more likely to favor multi-use agriculture and forestry systems than the preferential tax assessments of forestlands in the five states. Forest farming and silvopasture, followed by alley cropping, windbreaks, and riparian forest buffers, were found to be the most common agroforestry practices allowed under preferential tax classifications in the study states. This study provides a framework for cataloging and analyzing preferential property tax-programs to document barriers and facilitators to agroforestry practices in the United States. DA - 2022/3// PY - 2022/3// DO - 10.1016/j.tfp.2021.100176 VL - 7 SP - SN - 2666-7193 KW - Agroforestry practices KW - Agroforestry economics KW - Landowner incentives KW - Natural resource policy KW - Preferential property tax programs ER - TY - JOUR TI - Projecting the Impact of Socioeconomic and Policy Factors on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Carbon Sequestration in US Forestry and Agriculture AU - Wade, Christopher M. AU - Baker, Justin S. AU - Jones, Jason P. H. AU - Austin, Kemen G. AU - Cai, Yongxia AU - Hernandez, Alison Bean AU - Latta, Gregory S. AU - Ohre, Sara B. AU - Ragnauth, Shaun AU - Creason, Jared AU - McCar, Bruce T2 - JOURNAL OF FOREST ECONOMICS DA - 2022/// PY - 2022/// DO - 10.1561/112.00000545_supp VL - 37 SP - 127-161 SN - 1618-1530 KW - Climate change KW - Greenhouse-gas mitigation KW - Shared Socioeconomic Pathways KW - Land use KW - land use change KW - and forestry ER - TY - JOUR TI - Should We Put a Price on Carbon? AU - Haefen, Roger AB - To address the climate challenge, economists advocate for a carbon tax that puts a price on greenhouse gas emissions. Roger von Haefen, Ph.D. discusses how investments in game-changing technologies can transform our energy sector, reduce the energy intensity of our cars, phones, homes and food, and make our economy more resilient to climate change. DA - 2022/1/15/ PY - 2022/1/15/ DO - 10.52750/839260 UR - https://doi.org/10.52750/839260 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Biofuels policy and innovation impacts: Evidence from biofuels and agricultural patent indicators AU - Nelson, Kelly P. AU - Parton, Lee C. AU - Brown, Zachary S. T2 - ENERGY POLICY AB - In the early 2000s, governments implemented policies stimulating the use of ethanol and biodiesel to reduce carbon emissions and encourage domestic energy production. Blend mandates requiring gasoline or diesel to contain a minimum percentage of these biofuels were a favored policy instrument. Theoretical work by Clancy and Moschini (2017) concluded that, if innovation were stimulated by mandates, then the socially optimal mandate would be higher than if innovation were not possible. We test the impact of blend mandates and other biofuels policies on innovation using measures of patenting activity that correspond with research effort and research output. Our analysis shows that ethanol blend mandates significantly increased both R&D effort and quality-weighted innovation output in biofuels technologies while reducing the R&D inputs to plant technologies. This suggests that biofuels innovation increased in response to the policies, with firms substituting some R&D effort away from plant technologies research. Despite decreased R&D effort, output of plant innovation held steady as effort shifted to biofuels, supporting the presence of a spillover effect between biofuels innovation and plant innovation. We find that biodiesel blend mandates did not significantly impact R&D efforts in either plant or biofuels technologies. Furthermore, policies other than blend mandates had varying effects, ranging from limited increases in R&D activity to significant decreases in innovation. JEL Codes: O31, O38, Q16, Q48, Q55. • Ethanol blend mandates influenced patenting in biofuels and plant categories. • Other biofuels policies did not consistently affect patenting in those technologies. • Research on biofuels may benefit research in biotechnology. DA - 2022/3// PY - 2022/3// DO - 10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112767 VL - 162 SP - SN - 1873-6777 KW - Biofuels KW - Patenting KW - Biotechnology KW - Bayesian model averaging ER - TY - JOUR TI - Economic Contribution Analysis of Urban Forestry in the Northeastern and Midwestern States of the United States in 2018 AU - Parajuli, Rajan AU - Chizmar, Stephanie AU - Hoy, Morgan AU - Joshi, Omkar AU - Gordon, Jason AU - Mehmood, Sayeed AU - Henderson, James E. AU - Poudel, Jagdish AU - Witthun, Olivia AU - Buntrock, Laura T2 - URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING AB - Urban and community forestry is an increasingly integral component enhancing the well-being of urban places. Along with providing aesthetic benefits and other critical ecosystem services, urban forestry contributes to local and regional economies by supporting jobs and economic activities through various businesses and industries. In this study, we estimated the economic contribution of urban forestry to the regional economy in terms of several economic and business metrics including jobs, labor income, value-added, and tax collections. To this end, we developed an extensive scope of urban forest industries and activities incorporating all private, public, and non-profit businesses and organizations involved in urban forestry in the Northeastern and Midwest states. Results from the input-output modeling suggest that in 2018, urban forestry in the Northeastern and Midwest states directly contributed $17.6 billion in industry output and $13.5 billion in value-added by supporting about 258,550 full- and part-time jobs in various businesses and activities. Including direct, indirect, and induced effects, urban forestry in the region had a total contribution of $34.7 billion in industry output to the regional economy, employing more than 357,200 people with a payroll of about $16 billion. These numbers are crucial to highlight the economic significance of urban forestry businesses and agencies as well as to educate the public, economic development professionals, and legislators about the importance of urban and community forestry in the Northeastern and Midwest states. DA - 2022/3// PY - 2022/3// DO - 10.1016/j.ufug.2022.127490 VL - 69 SP - SN - 1610-8167 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2022.127490 KW - Employment KW - Industry output KW - Input-output modeling KW - Landscaping KW - Urban and community forestry ER - TY - JOUR TI - Historical manufacturing volatility and local sustainability efforts: A link to the past AU - Ba, Yuhao AU - Galik, Christopher S. T2 - GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS AB - Renewed attention to the role of subnational efforts in addressing myriad environmental challenges necessitates a greater understanding of the factors associated with program adoption. Given observed relationships between adoption of sustainability practices and the presence of carbon-intensive industry, and separately the observed persistence of industrial history in a given place, we explore the link between historical manufacturing employment volatility and current sustainability plan adoption at the local level. Our analysis suggests that the magnitude of changes in manufacturing employment is inversely related to the likelihood of sustainability plan adoption. Our analysis further suggests that, given the same pace of change, counties with shrinking manufacturing employment are more likely to adopt sustainability plans than those with growing employment. Lastly, we find that the link between past industrial transitions and local sustainability commitment is moderated by local disaster experience and priority for environmental protection. Collectively, the findings also shed light on potential—and otherwise unobservable—barriers to transitions to sustainable practices at the local level. In particular, the inverse relationship between pace of employment change and plan adoption suggests that minimizing the rapidity of contemporary transitions may counterintuitively ease the eventual adoption of sustainability-related policies. DA - 2022/1// PY - 2022/1// DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102421 VL - 72 SP - SN - 1872-9495 KW - Climate change KW - Sustainability KW - Industrial transition KW - County government KW - Historical institutionalism ER - TY - JOUR TI - Projecting the Impact of Socioeconomic and Policy Factors on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Carbon Sequestration in US Forestry and Agriculture AU - Wade, Christopher M. AU - Baker, Justin S. AU - Jones, Jason P. H. AU - Austin, Kemen G. AU - Cai, Yongxia AU - Hernandez, Alison Bean AU - Latta, Gregory S. AU - Ohre, Sara B. AU - Ragnauth, Shaun AU - Creason, Jared AU - McCar, Bruce T2 - JOURNAL OF FOREST ECONOMICS AB - Understanding greenhouse gas mitigation potential of the U.S. agriculture and forest sectors is critical for evaluating potential pathways to limit global average temperatures from rising more than 2° C. Using the FASOMGHG model, parameterized to reflect varying conditions across shared socioeconomic pathways, we project the greenhouse gas mitigation potential from U.S. agriculture and forestry across a range of carbon price scenarios. Under a moderate price scenario ($20 per ton CO2 with a 3% annual growth rate), cumulative mitigation potential over 2015-2055 varies substantially across SSPs, from 8.3 to 17.7 GtCO2e. Carbon sequestration in forests contributes the majority, 64-71%, of total mitigation across both sectors. We show that under a high income and population growth scenario over 60% of the total projected increase in forest carbon is driven by growth in demand for forest products, while mitigation incentives result in the remainder. This research sheds light on the interactions between alternative socioeconomic narratives and mitigation policy incentives which can help prioritize outreach, investment, and targeted policies for reducing emissions from and storing more carbon in these land use systems. DA - 2022/// PY - 2022/// DO - 10.1561/112.00000545 VL - 37 SP - 127-161 SN - 1618-1530 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/112.00000545 KW - Climate change KW - Greenhouse-gas mitigation KW - Shared Socioeconomic Pathways KW - Land use KW - land use change KW - and forestry ER - TY - JOUR TI - Identifying a community capital investment portfolio to sustain a tourism workforce AU - Knollenberg, Whitney AU - Brune, Sara AU - Harrison, Jane AU - Savage, Ann E. T2 - JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM AB - Members of the tourism workforce are a crucial resource, whose quality and quantity determine the success of tourism businesses and destinations. Yet, they are frequently subjected to social, psychological, and economic stressors which can result in isolation from destination communities or limited interest in participation in the tourism workforce. Both of these outcomes threaten the sustainability of tourism businesses and destinations, but more importantly create a working environment that can be unjust or unsafe for tourism workforce members. This study relies upon the community capitals framework to identify the resources that currently support the tourism workforce in an island community whose economic and social structure is heavily reliant upon tourism. Analysis of data from in-depth interviews and focus groups with thirty-seven tourism stakeholders reveals the social, cultural, human, and natural capital assets used to support a tourism workforce. An “investment portfolio” for these capitals offers development strategies that can be implemented to help sustain the tourism workforce. DA - 2022/12/2/ PY - 2022/12/2/ DO - 10.1080/09669582.2021.1890094 VL - 30 IS - 12 SP - 2806-2822 SN - 1747-7646 KW - Tourism workforce KW - community capitals framework KW - qualitative research KW - Island tourism KW - sustainable development KW - well-being ER -