TY - JOUR TI - Synthetic lipid second messenger, sn-1,2-didecanoylglycerol: A complete tumor promoter in mouse skin AU - Smart, R.C. AU - Mills, K.J. AU - Hansen, L.A. AU - Conney, A.H. T2 - Cancer Research DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// VL - 49 IS - 16 SP - 4455–4458 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hepatic tumor-promoting chlorinated hydrocarbons stimulate protein kinase C activity AU - Moser, G. J. AU - Smart, R. C. T2 - Carcinogenesis AB - Various chlorinated hydrocarbons, many of which are known hepatic tumor promoters, have been evaluated for their ability to stimulate protein kinase C (PKC) activity in vitro. Chlordane, kepone, toxaphene, heptachlor, 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethane, the polychlorinated biphenyl Aroclor 1254, aldrin, 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (DDT) and gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane) were the most potent stimulators of PKC activity. Of these compounds, chlordane was the most potent organochlorine pesticide. Chlordane (100 microM) stimulated mouse brain PKC activity in the 10(5) g supernatant to a maximum velocity equal to that obtained when the enzyme was maximally stimulated with the skin-tumor-promoting phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Chlordane concentrations as low as 1 microM significantly stimulated PKC activity. Chlordane-stimulated PKC activity was calcium-dependent, and in the presence of exogenous calcium, chlordane-stimulated PKC activity was at least 5-fold greater than in the absence of added calcium. In contrast, the addition of calcium only minimally affected (less than 30% increase) the TPA-stimulated PKC activity. Concentrations of TPA and chlordane which maximally stimulate PKC did not produce an additive effect on PKC activity. Chlordane- and TPA- stimulated PKC activity was phospholipid-dependent and could be inhibited by quercetin, a known inhibitor of PKC activity. Chlordane in the presence of calcium also stimulated mouse epidermal and hepatic PKC as well as purified rat brain PKC. These results demonstrate that a wide variety of chlorinated hydrocarbons, which are considered hepatic tumor promoters, stimulate protein kinase C activity in vitro. DA - 1989/5/1/ PY - 1989/5/1/ DO - 10.1093/carcin/10.5.851 VL - 10 IS - 5 SP - 851-856 J2 - Carcinogenesis LA - en OP - SN - 0143-3334 1460-2180 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/carcin/10.5.851 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparison of epidermal protein kinase C activity, ornithine decarboxylase induction and DNA synthesis stimulated by TPA or dioctanoylglycerol in mouse strains with differing susceptibility to TPA-induced tumor promotion AU - Mills, K. J. AU - Smart, R. C. T2 - Carcinogenesis AB - The purpose of this study was to examine the activity and associated kinetic parameters of epidermal protein kinase C (PKC) following stimulation by sn-1, 2-dioctanoylglycerol (DIC8) or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and to examine the relationship between levels of epidermal PKC activity and the induction of omithine decarboxylase by these agents, utilizing various stocks and strains of mice. Importantly, the mouse strains and stock used in this study have known differing susceptibilities to undergo TPA-induced tumor promotion: the CD-1 stock and the DBA/2 strain (both sensitive to TPA-induced tumor promotion) and the C57BL/6 strain (resistant to TPA-induced tumor promotion). TPA-stimulated protein kinase C activity was measured in the 105g supernatant fraction of epidermal homogenates using lysine-rich histone as a phosphate acceptor substrate. The maximal velocities for TPA-stimulated epidermal PKC activity in CD-1, DBA/2 and C57BL/6 were 0.28, 0.29 and 0.27 nmol PO4-histone/mg 105g protein/min, respectively. TPA-stimulated epidermal PKC from CD-1, DBA/2 and C57BL/6 had similar theoretical Vmax values and the apparent concentrations of TPA yielding half-maximal stimulation of PKC were also similar. DiC8-stimulated PKC activity to a greater Vmax; however, the concentration required to yield half-maximal stimulation of PKC was one thousand times greater than that of TPA. There were no strain differences in these parameters when the enzyme was stimulated with DiC8. Thus, the levels of epidermal PKC activity in CD-1, DBA/2 and C57BL/6 mice exhibit no strain differences when stimulated by TPA or DiC8 using lysinerich histone as a phosphate acceptor substrate. Since sn-1, 2-diacylglycerols are known effective inducers of epidermal ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity, the induction of epidermal ODC was examined in each mouse strain 5 h after topical application of 2 nmol TPA, 5 nmol TPA or 2.5 μmol DiC8. After topical treatment with TPA, C57BL/6 demonstrated an unexpected 2-and 4-fold increase in ODC activity over CD-1 and DBA/2 mice. After treatment with DiC8, C57BL/6 demonstrated a 6-and 10-fold increase in ODC activity over CD-1 and DBA/2, respectively. Thus, the resistant strain (C57BL/6) demonstrated a ‘hyper-inducibility’ of epidermal ODC activity by TPA or DiC8. The time course for the induction of epidermal ODC was examined in each strain, and at every time point measured (3–15 h), the C57BL/6 strain exhibited this ‘hyperinducibility’ of ODC relative to the other strains. Epidermal DNA synthesis was stimulated to a similar extent in C57BL/6 and CD-1 mice. Our results indicate that TPA or DiC8-stimulated PKC activity using lysine-rich histone as a substrate and the magnitude of induction of ODC by TPA or DiC8 do not correlate quantitatively. In addition, there does not appear to be a correlation between the susceptibility of these strains to undergo TPA-induced tumor promotion and the levels of epidermal PKC activity. DA - 1989/5/1/ PY - 1989/5/1/ DO - 10.1093/carcin/10.5.833 VL - 10 IS - 5 SP - 833-838 J2 - Carcinogenesis LA - en OP - SN - 0143-3334 1460-2180 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/carcin/10.5.833 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CHAP TI - Factorization of polynomials given by straight-line programs AU - Kaltofen, E. T2 - Randomness and Computation, Advances in Computing Research A2 - Micali, S. PY - 1989/// VL - 5 SP - 375-412 PB - JAI Press Inc. ER - TY - CONF TI - Parallel algebraic algorithm design AU - Kaltofen, E. T2 - 1989 International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation C2 - 1989/7// CY - Portland, Oregon DA - 1989/7// PY - 1989/7// PB - Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Department of Computer Science ER - TY - CHAP TI - Improved sparse multivariate polynomial interpolation algorithms AU - Kaltofen, Erich AU - Yagati, Lakshman T2 - Symbolic and Algebraic Computation AB - We consider the problem of interpolating sparse multivariate polynomials from their values. We discuss two algorithms for sparse interpolation, one due to Ben-Or and Tiwari (1988) and the other due to Zippel (1988). We present efficient algorithms for finding the rank of certain special Toeplitz systems arising in the Ben-Or and Tiwari algorithm and for solving transposed Vandermonde systems of equations, the use of which greatly improves the time complexities of the two interpolation algorithms. PY - 1989/// DO - 10.1007/3-540-51084-2_44 SP - 467–474 PB - Springer SN - 9783540510840 9783540461531 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-51084-2_44 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Computers and Mathematics A3 - Kaltofen, Erich A3 - Watt, Stephen M. DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// DO - 10.1007/978-1-4613-9647-5 PB - Springer US SN - 9780387970196 9781461396475 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9647-5 ER - TY - CONF TI - Computing the irreducible real factors and components of an algebraicf curve AU - Kaltofen, E. T2 - Fifth annual symposium on Computational geometry A2 - Mehlhorn, K. AB - We present algorithms that decompose an algebraic curve with rational coefficients in its defining bivariate equation into its irreducible real factors and its non-empty irreducible real components. We show that our algorithms are of polynomial bit complexity in the degree of the equation and the size of its coefficients. Our construction is based on computing the irreducible complex factors and then investigating high precision complex floating point coefficients of these factors and the complex norms. C2 - 1989/6// C3 - Proceedings of the fifth annual symposium on Computational geometry - SCG '89 DA - 1989/6// PY - 1989/// DO - 10.1145/73833.73842 SP - 79-87 PB - ACM Press SN - 0897913183 9780897913188 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/73833.73842 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Taking a second hard look at borrelia burgdorferi AU - Green, R.T. AU - Nicholson, W.L. AU - Breitschwerdt, E.B. AU - Levine, J.F. T2 - Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// VL - 195 IS - 5 SP - 562-563 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ocular manifestations of rocky mountain spotted fever in dogs AU - Davidson, M.G. AU - Breitschwerdt, E.B. AU - Nasisse, M.P. AU - Roberts, S.M. T2 - Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// VL - 194 IS - 6 SP - 777-781 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Identification of Rickettsiae in Cutaneous i Biopsy Specimens From Dogs With Experimental Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever AU - Davidson, Michael G. AU - Breitschwerdt, Edward B. AU - Walker, David H. AU - Nasisse, Mark P. AU - Sussman, Wendy E. T2 - Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine AB - Direct immunofluorescence reaction for Rickettsia rickettsii was performed on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded cutaneous biopsy specimens collected from dogs with experimental Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF). A technique of trypsin digestion of deparaffinized, rehydrated sections was successful in demonstrating discrete, immunofluorescent organisms in endothelia and adjacent vessel walls in the dermis. R rickettsii was identified only in grossly evident dermal lesions (macular rash or oral vesicles) and was not apparent in randomly collected biopsy specimens from clinically normal inguinal skin. These results suggest that clinical application of this technique for diagnosis of RMSF may be limited in dogs without cutaneous lesions. (Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 1989; 3:8–11) DA - 1989/1// PY - 1989/1// DO - 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1989.tb00321.x VL - 3 IS - 1 SP - 7-11 LA - en OP - SN - 0891-6640 1939-1676 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.1989.tb00321.x DB - Crossref ER - TY - CONF TI - Solving systems of nonlinear polynomial equations faster AU - Canny, J. F. AU - Kaltofen, E. AU - Yagati, L. T2 - the ACM-SIGSAM 1989 international symposium AB - Article Free Access Share on Solving systems of nonlinear polynomial equations faster Authors: J. F. Canny Univ. of California, Berkeley Univ. of California, BerkeleyView Profile , E. Kaltofen Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NYView Profile , L. Yagati Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NYView Profile Authors Info & Claims ISSAC '89: Proceedings of the ACM-SIGSAM 1989 international symposium on Symbolic and algebraic computationJuly 1989Pages 121–128https://doi.org/10.1145/74540.74556Published:17 July 1989Publication History 68citation1,515DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations68Total Downloads1,515Last 12 Months142Last 6 weeks17 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF C2 - 1989/// C3 - Proceedings of the ACM-SIGSAM 1989 international symposium on Symbolic and algebraic computation - ISSAC '89 DA - 1989/// DO - 10.1145/74540.74556 PB - ACM Press SN - 0897913256 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/74540.74556 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CHAP TI - Mr. Smith goes to Las Vegas: Randomized parallel computation of the Smith Normal form of polynomial matrices AU - Kaltofen, Erich AU - Krishnamoorthy, M. S. AU - Saunders, B. David T2 - Lecture Notes in Computer Science AB - We have provided a parallel solution for the well-known Smith normal form problem. Our method employs randomization as a tool to remove the iterations along the main diagonal in the classical sequential algorithms, and as such might be useful in similar settings, as well as may speed the sequential methods themselves. PY - 1989/// DO - 10.1007/3-540-51517-8_134 SP - 317-322 OP - PB - Springer Berlin Heidelberg SN - 9783540515173 9783540482079 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-51517-8_134 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Computing greatest common divisors and factorizations in quadratic number fields AU - Kaltofen, Erich AU - Rolletschek, Heinrich T2 - Mathematics of Computation AB - In a quadratic number field Q ( D ) {\mathbf {Q}}(\sqrt D ) , D a squarefree integer, with class number 1, any algebraic integer can be decomposed uniquely into primes, but for only 21 domains Euclidean algorithms are known. It was shown by Cohn [5] that for D 19 D \leq - 19 even remainder sequences with possibly nondecreasing norms cannot determine the GCD of arbitrary inputs. We extend this result by showing that there does not even exist an input in these domains for which the GCD computation becomes possible by allowing nondecreasing norms or remainders whose norms are not as small as possible. We then provide two algorithms for computing the GCD of algebraic integers in quadratic number fields Q ( D ) {\mathbf {Q}}(\sqrt D ) . The first applies only to complex quadratic number fields with class number 1, and is based on a short vector construction in a lattice. Its complexity is O ( S 3 ) O({S^3}) , where S is the number of bits needed to encode the input. The second algorithm allows us to compute GCD’s of algebraic integers in arbitrary number fields (ideal GCD’s if the class number is > 1 > 1 ). It requires only O ( S 2 ) O({S^2}) binary steps for fixed D, but works poorly if D is large. Finally, we prove that in any domain, the computation of the prime factorization of an algebraic integer can be reduced in polynomial time to the problem of factoring its norm into rational primes. Our reduction is based on a constructive version of a theorem by A. Thue. DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// DO - 10.1090/s0025-5718-1989-0982367-2 VL - 53 IS - 188 SP - 697-697 J2 - Math. Comp. LA - en OP - SN - 0025-5718 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/s0025-5718-1989-0982367-2 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CONF TI - An improved Las Vegas primality test AU - Kaltofen, E. AU - Valente, T. AU - Yui, N. T2 - the ACM-SIGSAM 1989 international symposium AB - We present a modification of the Goldwasser-Kilian-Atkin primality test, which, when given an input n, outputs either prime or composite, along with a certificate of correctness which may be verified in polynomial time. Atkin's method computes the order of an elliptic curve whose endomorphism ring is isomorphic to the ring of integers of a given imaginary quadratic field Q(√—D). Once an appropriate order is found, the parameters of the curve are computed as a function of a root modulo n of the Hilbert class equation for the Hilbert class field of Q(√—D). The modification we propose determines instead a root of the Watson class equation for Q(√—D) and applies a transformation to get a root of the corresponding Hilbert equation. This is a substantial improvement, in that the Watson equations have much smaller coefficients than do the Hilbert equations. C2 - 1989/// C3 - Proceedings of the ACM-SIGSAM 1989 international symposium on Symbolic and algebraic computation - ISSAC '89 DA - 1989/// DO - 10.1145/74540.74545 PB - ACM Press SN - 0897913256 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/74540.74545 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Molecular cloning and sequencing of ama-1, the gene encoding the largest subunit of Caenorhabditis elegans RNA polymerase II AU - Bird, D.M. AU - Riddle, D.L. T2 - Molecular and Cellular Biology AB - Two genomic sequences that share homology with Rp11215, the gene encoding the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II in Drosophila melanogaster, have been isolated from the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. One of these sequences was physically mapped on chromosome IV within a region deleted by the deficiency mDf4, 25 kilobases (kb) from the left deficiency breakpoint. This position corresponds to ama-1 (resistance to alpha-amanitin), a gene shown previously to encode a subunit of RNA polymerase II. Northern (RNA) blotting and DNA sequencing revealed that ama-1 spans 10 kb, is punctuated by 11 introns, and encodes a 5.9-kb mRNA. A cDNA clone was isolated and partially sequenced to confirm the 3' end and several splice junctions. Analysis of the inferred 1,859-residue ama-1 product showed considerable identity with the largest subunit of RNAP II from other organisms, including the presence of a zinc finger motif near the amino terminus, and a carboxyl-terminal domain of 42 tandemly reiterated heptamers with the consensus Tyr Ser Pro Thr Ser Pro Ser. The latter domain was found to be encoded by four exons. In addition, the sequence oriented ama-1 transcription with respect to the genetic map. The second C. elegans sequence detected with the Drosophila probe, named rpc-1, was found to encode a 4.8-kb transcript and hybridized strongly to the gene encoding the largest subunit of RNA polymerase III from yeast, implicating rpc-1 as encoding the analogous peptide in the nematode. By contrast with ama-1, rpc-1 was not deleted by mDf4 or larger deficiencies examined, indicating that these genes are no closer than 150 kb. Genes flanking ama-1, including two collagen genes, also have been identified. DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// DO - 10.1128/MCB.9.10.4119 VL - 9 IS - 10 SP - 4119-4130 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0024469811&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Transcriptional interaction between the promoters of the maize chloroplast genes which encode the β subunit of ATP synthase and the large subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase AU - Hanley-Bowdoin, Linda AU - Chua, Nam-Hai T2 - Molecular and General Genetics MGG DA - 1989/1// PY - 1989/1// DO - 10.1007/bf00339720 VL - 215 IS - 2 SP - 217-224 J2 - Mol Gen Genet LA - en OP - SN - 0026-8925 1432-1874 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00339720 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Functional expression of the leftward open reading frames of the A component of tomato golden mosaic virus in transgenic tobacco plants. AU - Hanley-Bowdoin, L AU - Elmer, J S AU - Rogers, S G T2 - The Plant Cell AB - The genome of the geminivirus tomato golden mosaic virus (TGMV) consists of two circular DNA molecules designated as components A and B. We have constructed Nicotiana benthamiana plants that are transgenic for the three overlapping open reading frames, AL1, AL2, and AL3, from the left side of TGMV A. In the transgenic plants, the AL open reading frames are under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter. In TGMV infectivity assays, seven of 10 transgenic lines complemented TGMV A variants with mutations in AL1, AL2, or AL3 when co-inoculated with the B component. The 35S-AL construct was transcribed as a single RNA species in the transgenic plants, indicating that AL1, AL2, and AL3 were expressed from a polycistronic mRNA. This differs from the complex transcription pattern in TGMV-infected plants, which contains five AL transcripts. There was no quantitative correlation between the efficiency of complementation in the infectivity assay and the level of expression of transgenic AL RNA in the leaves of a transgenic line. One line that failed to complement defects in AL1, AL2, and AL3 in infectivity assays contained high levels of transgenic AL RNA and functional AL1 protein. These results provide evidence that chromosomal position can affect the cell- and tissue-specific transcription of the 35S promoter in transgenic plants. Comparison of the complementing plants and wild-type infected plants may provide insight into the TGMV infection process and the use of the CaMV 35S promoter for gene expression in transgenic plants. DA - 1989/11// PY - 1989/11// DO - 10.1105/tpc.1.11.1057 VL - 1 IS - 11 SP - 1057-1067 J2 - Plant Cell LA - en OP - SN - 1040-4651 1532-298X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.1.11.1057 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Phytophthora root rot and irrigation schedule influence growth and phenology of processing tomatoes AU - Ristaino, JB AU - Duniway, JM AU - Marois, JJ T2 - Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science (USA) DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// ER - TY - RPRT TI - Effect of preinoculation and postinoculation water stress on the severity of Phytophthora root rot in processing tomatoes AU - Ristaino, JB AU - Duniway, JM DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Derivation and characterization of an efficiently myocarditic reovirus variant AU - Sherry, B. AU - Schoen, F.J. AU - Wenske, E. AU - Fields, B.N. T2 - Journal of Virology C2 - 251122 DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// VL - 63 IS - 11 SP - 4840–4849 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The reovirus M1 gene, encoding a viral core protein, is associated with the myocarditic phenotype of a reovirus variant AU - Sherry, B. AU - Fields, B.N. T2 - Journal of Virology C2 - 251123 DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// VL - 63 IS - 11 SP - 4850–4856 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A developmentally regulated bud specific mRNA sequence in pea has sequence similarity to seed lectins AU - Dobres, M.S. AU - Thompson, W.F. T2 - Plant Physiology AB - We report a striking example of organ and stage specific gene expression in pea (Pisum sativum L.). We have identified a transcript to a previously isolated cDNA clone, pEA207 (WF Thompson et al. (1983) Planta 158: 487-500) which accumulates in the actively growing bud of the pea plant and is either absent or present at very low levels in the expanded leaves below the bud. The deduced amino acid sequence of pEA207 shows 49% similarity to the phytohemagglutinin lectin sequence of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) (LM Hoffman, DD Donaldson (1985) EMBO J 4: 883-889) and 37% similarity to that of the major pea seed lectin sequence (TJV Higgins et al. (1983) J Biol Chem 258: 9544-9549). It is also similar to seed lectins from five other legumes. All of the residues directly involved in metal binding by lectins are present in this sequence. We discuss the possibility that pEA207 encodes a sugar binding lectin-like polypeptide associated with the cell walls of actively growing plant cells. DA - 1989/3/1/ PY - 1989/3/1/ DO - 10.1104/pp.89.3.833 VL - 89 IS - 3 SP - 833–838 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cis-acting elements for light regulation of pea ferredoxin I gene expression are located within transcribed sequences AU - Elliott, R.C. AU - Dickey, L.F. AU - White, M.J. AU - Thompson, W.F. T2 - The Plant Cell DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// VL - 1 SP - 691–698 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Characterization of a single copy gene encoding ferredoxin I from pea AU - Elliott, R.C. AU - Pedersen, T.J. AU - Fristensky, B. AU - White, M.J. AU - Dickey, L.F. AU - Thompson, W.F. T2 - The Plant Cell DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// VL - 1 SP - 681–690 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The identification and localization of 33 pea chloroplast transcription initiation sites AU - Woodbury, Neal W. AU - Dobres, Michael AU - Thompson, William F. T2 - Current Genetics DA - 1989/12// PY - 1989/12// DO - 10.1007/bf00340723 VL - 16 IS - 5-6 SP - 433-445 J2 - Curr Genet LA - en OP - SN - 0172-8083 1432-0983 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00340723 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Chloroplast gene expression in lettuce grown under different irradiances AU - Jordan, Brian R. AU - Hopley, John G. AU - Thompson, William F. T2 - Planta DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// DO - 10.1007/bf00392528 VL - 178 IS - 1 SP - 69-75 J2 - Planta LA - en OP - SN - 0032-0935 1432-2048 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00392528 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - TRICHODERMA SPP - GROWTH-RATES AND ANTAGONISM TO PHELLINUS-WEIRII INVITRO AU - GOLDFARB, B AU - NELSON, EE AU - HANSEN, EM T2 - MYCOLOGIA AB - Seventy isolates representing six species of Trichoderma were tested for linear growth rates at five temperatures (5–25 C). Growth rate varied substantially within and among species. Multivariate procedures were used to distinguish species on the basis of their growth rates. The ability of nine isolates to kill Phellinus weirii was tested in vitro at 10 and 20 C. Isolates of T. viride, T. polysporum, and T. harzianum were more antagonistic to P. weirii than were isolates of the other three species. The T. harzianum isolate killed P. weirii fastest at 20 C, whereas the T. viride and T. polysporum isolates acted most rapidly at 10C. Techniques used here to assay antagonism can be extended to test more isolates, both in vitro and in the field. DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// DO - 10.2307/3760075 VL - 81 IS - 3 SP - 375-381 SN - 0027-5514 ER - TY - JOUR TI - TRICHODERMA SPECIES FROM DOUGLAS-FIR STUMPS AND ROOTS INFESTED WITH PHELLINUS-WEIRII IN THE WESTERN CASCADE MOUNTAINS OF OREGON AU - GOLDFARB, B AU - NELSON, EE AU - HANSEN, EM T2 - MYCOLOGIA AB - Six species of Trichoderma were isolated from Douglas-fir stumps and roots infested with Phellinus weirii. Trichoderma viride and T. polysporum were the most common species. Trichoderma spp. were isolated more frequently from stem portions of stumps harvested 11 years earlier than from those harvested one year earlier. Colonization by these and other fungi was less extensive in roots than in stems. Although the overall frequency of isolation of Trichoderma spp. was low (70 of 5970 isolations), their greater association with wood decayed by P. weirii, as compared with undecayed wood, may have implications in the control of laminated root rot. DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// DO - 10.2307/3759458 VL - 81 IS - 1 SP - 134-138 SN - 0027-5514 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) AU - Goldfarb, B. AU - Zaerr, J. B. T2 - Trees II (Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 5) AB - The genus Pseudotsuga (Pinaceae) consists of eight species (El-Kassaby et al. 1983). Six species occur naturally in eastern Asia in non-overlapping ranges. Pseudotsuga japonica (Shiras.) Beissn. occurs in Japan and P. wilsoniana Hayata in Taiwan. Pseudotsuga forrestii Craib., P. sinensis Dode, P. gaussenii Flous and P. brevifolia Chang et L. K. Fu. are located in China. There are two North American species: P. macrocarpa (Torr.) Mayr, with a limited range in Southern California, and P. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco (Douglas-fir), which occurs throughout western North America (Fowells 1965). The latter has two varieties: the coastal P. menziesii var. menziesii and the interior P. menziesii var. glauca. PY - 1989/// DO - 10.1007/978-3-642-61535-1_28 SP - 526-548 PB - Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag SN - 0387191585 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Annual progress reports, special project on tissue culture AU - Amerson, H. V. AU - Frampton, L. J., Jr. AU - Mott, R. L. A3 - Raleigh, NC: Forest Biology Research Center, North Carolina State University DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// PB - Raleigh, NC: Forest Biology Research Center, North Carolina State University ER - TY - JOUR TI - SUBSOILING IN A LOBLOLLY-PINE SEED ORCHARD - EFFECTS ON SEED QUALITY AU - STRUVE, DK AU - JETT, JB AU - MCKEAND, SE AU - CANNON, GP T2 - CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE AB - An 8-year-old loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) seed orchard was subsoiled by making one (single-rip treatment) or three (multiple-rip treatment) parallel rips on opposite sides of the trees. A nonsubsoil (control) treatment was also included. Seeds were extracted and sized into small, medium, and large. Subsoiling treatments had no effect on number or percentage of small, medium, and large seeds. The multiple-rip treatment produced significantly more seeds per cone than the control treatment, but no more than the single-rip treatment. Seed size did not affect seed germination, but strong clonal effects in seed quality and vigor occurred. There was no effect of any of the subsoiling treatments on seed germination. Any subsoiling treatments used to enhance tree vigor or to alleviate soil compaction in a seed orchard should have minimal influence on seed quality. DA - 1989/4// PY - 1989/4// DO - 10.1139/x89-077 VL - 19 IS - 4 SP - 505-508 SN - 0045-5067 ER - TY - CONF TI - Early selection of loblolly pine families based on seedling shoot elongation characters AU - Li, B. AU - McKeand, S. E. AU - Allen, H. L. C2 - 1989/// C3 - Proceedings of the 20th Southern Forest Tree Improvement Conference DA - 1989/// SP - 228-234 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Performance of diverse provenances of loblolly pine throughout the southeastern United States AU - McKeand, S. E. AU - Weir, R. J. AU - Hatcher, A. V. T2 - Southern Journal of Applied Forestry DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// VL - 13 IS - 1 SP - 46 ER - TY - JOUR TI - FIELD AND GREENHOUSE ANALYSIS OF VARIATION FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE IN TOBACCO SOMACLONES AU - DAUB, ME AU - JENNS, AE T2 - PHYTOPATHOLOGY AB - Daub, M. E., and Jenns, A. E. 1989. Field and greenhouse analysis of variation for disease resistance in tobacco somaclones. Phytopathology 79:600-605. A total of 854 somaclones of two flue-cured tobacco cultivars were parent cultivar in black shank resistance, but many had greater resistance generated from protoplast cultures, and their progeny analyzed in to bacterial wilt than did NC2326. Most cultivar Coker 319 somaclones greenhouse and field tests for yield, leaf chemistry, and resistance to black were more susceptible than the parent cultivar to black shank but had shank, bacterial wilt, tobacco mosaic virus, and root knot (Meloidogyne bacterial wilt resistance similar to that of Coker 319. Variation in black incognita). Under the culture conditions established in this study, shank and bacterial wilt resistance was slight, and few somaclones had approximately 55% of the somaclones were not self-fertile. Progeny of the responses equivalent to those of the susceptible and resistant control somaclones had normal phenotype and did not differ significantly from the cultivars. However, conditions used in this study reduced the amount of parent cultivars in yield and leaf chemistry. Significant variation was found potential variation. No somaclones were identified with resistance to in resistance to black shank and bacterial wilt, two diseases for which the tobacco mosaic virus or M. incognita. We conclude that genetic variation parent cultivars have low levels of resistance. The variation that was occurred in the somaclones, that the magnitude of variation was slight, and observed in response to these diseases depended on the disease as well as the that the variation depended on both the genotype of the parent cultivar and genotype of the parent. Somaclones of cultivar NC2326 were similar to the the trait. Additional keywords: Nicotiana tabacum, Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae, Pseudomonas solanacearum, tissue culture. DA - 1989/5// PY - 1989/5// DO - 10.1094/Phyto-79-600 VL - 79 IS - 5 SP - 600-605 SN - 1943-7684 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of mutation on selection limits in finite populations with multiple alleles AU - Zeng, Z. B. AU - Tachida, H. AU - Cockerham, C. C. T2 - Genetics DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// VL - 122 IS - 4 SP - 977 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A GENETIC MODEL OF INTERPOPULATION VARIATION AND COVARIATION OF QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERS AU - ZENG, ZB T2 - GENETICS RESEARCH AB - Evolutionary consequences of natural selection, migration, genotype-environment interaction, and random genetic drift on interpopulation variation and covariation of quantitative characters are analysed in terms of a selection model that partitions natural selection into directional and stabilizing components. Without migration, interpopulation variation and covariation depend mainly on the pattern and intensities of selection among populations and the harmonic mean of effective population sizes. Both transient and equilibrium covariance structures are formulated with suitable approximations. Migration reduces the differentiation among populations, but its effect is less with genotype-environment interaction. In some special cases of genotype-environment interaction, the equilibrium interpopulation variation and covariation is independent of migration. DA - 1989/6// PY - 1989/6// DO - 10.1017/S0016672300028196 VL - 53 IS - 3 SP - 215-221 SN - 1469-5073 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nursery rooting of cuttings from seedlings of slash and loblolly pine AU - Frampton, L. J., Jr. AU - Hodges, J. F. T2 - Southern Journal of Applied Forestry DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// VL - 13 IS - 3 SP - 127 ER - TY - JOUR TI - JUVENILE WOOD SPECIFIC-GRAVITY OF LOBLOLLY-PINE TISSUE-CULTURE PLANTLETS AND SEEDLINGS AU - FRAMPTON, LJ AU - JETT, JB T2 - CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE AB - Juvenile-wood specific gravity of loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) tissue culture plantlets and seedlings were compared. Wood samples collected from several (6 to 13) families at three sites, each at a different age (2, 3, and 6 years), showed a significant difference between the overall plantlet and seedling mean specific gravity only in the youngest material (0.387 versus 0.356, respectively). Another collection of wood samples from three different sites at age 5 years showed that the within-site variation in specific gravity for a single clone was 29% that of the open-pollinated family from which it was derived. When tissue culture techniques become practical, operational clonal plantations of loblolly pine should offer substantial improvement in the uniformity of wood produced relative to the heterogeneous seedling-origin plantations currently being established. DA - 1989/10// PY - 1989/10// DO - 10.1139/x89-208 VL - 19 IS - 10 SP - 1347-1350 SN - 0045-5067 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A QUANTITATIVE-GENETICS PERSPECTIVE ON MAMMALIAN DEVELOPMENT AU - ATCHLEY, WR AU - NEWMAN, S T2 - AMERICAN NATURALIST AB - These discussions are intended to describe some important aspects of evolutionary change in complex traits from a developmental quantitative-genetics perspective. These comments support the contention that information about the complexity of the trait, the dynamics of the underlying controlling factors, and an age-specific response to selection must be incorporated into discussions of evolutionary change by selection. The developmental complexity of a trait strongly influences attempts to ascertain its genetic architecture and its age-specific response to selection. The component parts are often under separate genetic control, and there is a substantial nonheritable component to many of these components. Recognition of this complexity permits variability in composite traits to be decomposed; the genetic architecture of the individual subunits is thus determined, yielding a more holistic picture of the genetic structure of the entire trait. Furthermore, it is clear that these complex traits could be altered by selection operating on any or all of the component parts. The magnitude and direction of selection response in complex traits are a function of the genetic-covariance structure among the component parts. As an additional consequence, it is possible that the same end-point phenotype can be obtained by changing different combinations of the component parts. If so, the correlated response to selection in other traits can be quite varied, depending on which component of the complex trait is changed by selection and on the genetic-covariance structure among the component parts within a trait and between traits. There are significant ontogenetic aspects of the underlying causal factors-that is, direct and indirect genetic factors-that are controlling each component part of a complex trait. The course of development in a complex trait involves coordination and integration of a number of separate biological processes that begin functioning during the early ontogeny of an organism. Genes influencing expression of these processes in mammals may arise from the individual's own genome and, as a result, contribute directly to production of the phenotype. In addition, during the prenatal and preweaning phases of ontogeny, the expression of genes in the individual's mother may contribute indirectly to the developmental expression of her progeny's phenotype. The interrelationship between direct and indirect maternal genetic factors has a decided ontogenetic aspect, since they contribute differentially during the prenatal, postnatal, and postweaning phases of development. Indeed, the magnitude and the direction of the contribution of these two separate but possibly correlated sets of genetic effects may change considerably as a function of the stage of ontogeny of the organism. The result of an ontogenetically changing set of genetic controlling factors is a much more complex response to selection than is predicted by the direct-effects genetic model. The size and magnitude of the genetic correlation between direct and maternal components of variability determine the direction and the rate of evolutionary change by selection. A negative genetic covariance between direct and maternal genetic components, which is common for many complex traits, greatly complicates the estimation of genetic parameters and the prediction of evolutionary change by selection. The actual components of a complex trait that is responding to selection may be strongly affected by the developmental age at which selection occurs. However, in addition to the qualitative aspects of selection response, developmental age may also have a quantitative component because of the age-dependent contribution of maternal effects. The earlier during ontogeny that selection is focused, the greater the potential contribution of maternal effects. Because of the potential for a negative covariance between direct and maternal genetic effects, the contribution to the selection response made by maternal effects can be quite complicated. DA - 1989/9// PY - 1989/9// DO - 10.1086/284993 VL - 134 IS - 3 SP - 486-512 SN - 1537-5323 ER - TY - PAT TI - Method for transforming pine AU - Sederoff, R. R. AU - Stomp, A.-M. AU - Moore, L. W. AU - Chilton, S. W. C2 - 1989/// DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// ER -