TY - CHAP TI - Algebraic algorithms AU - Díaz, A. AU - Kaltofen, E. AU - Pan, V. T2 - The computer science and engineering handbook A2 - Tucker, A.B. PY - 1997/// SP - 226–248 PB - CRC Press SN - 9780849329098 ER - TY - BOOK TI - QTL Cartographer: a reference manual and tutorial for QTL mapping AU - Basten, C.J. AU - Weir, B.S. AU - Zeng, Z.-B. DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// PB - Department of Statistics, NC State University ER - TY - BOOK TI - PASCO '97: Proceedings of the second international symposium on Parallel symbolic computation A3 - Hong, Hoon A3 - Kaltofen, Erich A3 - Hitz, Markus DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// DO - 10.1145/266670 PB - ACM Press SN - 0897919513 9780897919517 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/266670 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Life-Threatening Cache Valley Virus Infection AU - Sexton, Daniel J. AU - Rollin, Pierre E. AU - Breitschwerdt, Edward B. AU - Corey, G. Ralph AU - Myers, Sarah A. AU - Dumais, Mark R. AU - Bowen, Michael D. AU - Goldsmith, Cynthia S. AU - Zaki, Sherif R. AU - Nichol, Stuart T. AU - Peters, Clarence J. AU - Ksiazek, Thomas G. T2 - New England Journal of Medicine AB - The Bunyamwera serogroup (family Bunyaviridae, genus bunyavirus) contains more than 20 serologically cross-reactive viruses, 7 of which have been isolated in North America.1 Cache Valley virus, first isolated in Utah in 1956,2 has been recovered mainly from mosquitoes (genera culiseta, aedes, and anopheles) and occasionally from vertebrates and has the widest apparent distribution among this serogroup of viruses. Antibodies against Cache Valley virus and other viruses of the Bunyamwera serogroup are prevalent in livestock, large wild mammals, and humans from Alaska to Argentina.3 An association between Cache Valley virus infections and congenital malformations (various musculoskeletal and central nervous system defects) . . . DA - 1997/2/20/ PY - 1997/2/20/ DO - 10.1056/NEJM199702203360804 VL - 336 IS - 8 SP - 547-550 J2 - N Engl J Med LA - en OP - SN - 0028-4793 1533-4406 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199702203360804 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CONF TI - Fast polynomial factorization over high algebraic extensions of finite fields AU - Kaltofen, Erich AU - Shoup, Victor T2 - the 1997 international symposium AB - New algorithms are presented for factoring polynomials of degree n over the finite field of q elements, where q is a power of a fixed prime number. When log q = n, where a > 0 is constant, these algorithms are asymptotically faster than previous known algorithms, the fastest of which required time Ω(n(log q)), or Ω(n) in this case, which corresponds to the cost of computing x modulo an n degree polynomial. The new algorithms factor an arbitrary polynomial in time O(n+n). All measures are in fixed precision operations, that is in bit complexity. Moreover, in the special case where all the irreducible factors have the same degree, the new algorithms run in time O(n). In particular, one may test a polynomial for irreducibility in O(n) bit operations. These results generalize to the case where q = p, where p is a small prime number relative to q. C2 - 1997/// C3 - Proceedings of the 1997 international symposium on Symbolic and algebraic computation - ISSAC '97 DA - 1997/// DO - 10.1145/258726.258777 PB - ACM Press SN - 0897918754 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/258726.258777 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CONF TI - On randomized Lanczos algorithms AU - Eberly, Wayne AU - Kaltofen, Erich T2 - the 1997 international symposium AB - Article Free Access Share on On randomized Lanczos algorithms Authors: Wayne Eberly Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4 Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4View Profile , Erich Kaltofen Department of Mathematics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina Department of Mathematics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North CarolinaView Profile Authors Info & Claims ISSAC '97: Proceedings of the 1997 international symposium on Symbolic and algebraic computationJuly 1997 Pages 176–183https://doi.org/10.1145/258726.258776Published:01 July 1997Publication History 23citation416DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations23Total Downloads416Last 12 Months41Last 6 weeks3 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF C2 - 1997/// C3 - Proceedings of the 1997 international symposium on Symbolic and algebraic computation - ISSAC '97 DA - 1997/// DO - 10.1145/258726.258776 PB - ACM Press SN - 0897918754 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/258726.258776 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Gene targeting is locus dependent in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans AU - Bird, D. AU - Bradshaw, R. T2 - Molecular and General Genetics DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// DO - 10.1007/s004380050492 VL - 255 IS - 2 SP - 219-225 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0030793387&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Aspergillus nidulans KW - gene targeting nitrate reductase KW - acetamidase ER - TY - JOUR TI - The soil-plate method for isolation of fungi from soil. AU - Nakhro, N AU - Dkhar, MS AU - Agbenin, JO AU - Goladi, JT AU - Allen, SE AU - Anderson, JM AU - Ingram, JSI AU - Bending, GD AU - Putland, C AU - Rayns, F AU - others T2 - Journal of Agronomy DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// VL - 9 IS - 3 SP - 17-24 ER - TY - CONF TI - Recent advances in temperature predictive models for soil solarization AU - Ristaino, JB AU - Perry, KB AU - Wu, Y T2 - ICARDA C2 - 1997/// C3 - Second International Conference on Soil Solarization and Integrated Management of Soilborne Pests, Aleppo (Syria), 16-21 Mar 1997 DA - 1997/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Agriculture, Methyl Bromide, and the Ozone hole AU - Ristaino, J.B. AU - Thomas, W. T2 - Plant Disease DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// VL - 81 IS - 9 SP - 964-977 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0030804084&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Relationship among the Appalachian firs AU - Frampton, J. T2 - Limbs & Needles DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// VL - 24 IS - 1 SP - 10-14 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Geographic variation in Fraser fir AU - Frampton, J. T2 - Limbs & Needles DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// VL - 24 IS - 1 SP - 6-13 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Drying rates for Eastern Christmas tree species AU - McKinley, C. R. AU - Frampton, J. AU - Hinesley, E. DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Control-pollination of Fraser fir AU - Frampton, J. T2 - Limbs & Needles DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// VL - 24 IS - 2 SP - 10-15 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Clonal Christmas trees AU - Frampton, J. AU - McKinley, C. T2 - Christmas Trees DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// VL - 25 IS - 1 SP - 18-20 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluation of six Abies spp. to Phytophthora root rot caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi AU - Benson, D. M. AU - Hinesley, L. E. AU - Frampton, J. AU - Parker, K. C. T2 - Biological and Cultural Tests for Control of Plant Diseases DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// VL - 13 SP - 57 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Auxin-induced gene expression during rooting of loblolly pine stem cuttings AU - Goldfarb, B. AU - Lian, Z. AU - Lanz-Garcia, C. AU - Whetten, R. K. T2 - Biology of Root Formation and Development A2 - A. Altman, A2 - Waisel, Y. PY - 1997/// DO - 10.1007/978-1-4615-5403-5_31 SP - 163-167 PB - New York: Plenum Press SN - 0306457067 ER - TY - CONF TI - Two generations of genetic gains with loblolly pine in the southeastern United States AU - McKeand, S. E. AU - Li, B. A2 - Beaulieu, J. A2 - Simpson, J. D. C2 - 1997/// C3 - Proceedings of the 26th Meeting of the Canadian Tree Improvement Association, Part 2 Symposium DA - 1997/// SP - 16-20 ER - TY - CONF TI - Timing of nitrogen applications in a loblolly pine seed orchard AU - Jett, J. B. AU - Williford, M. AU - McKeand, S. E. AU - Powell, M. C2 - 1997/// C3 - Proceedings of the 24th Southern Forest Tree Improvement Conference DA - 1997/// SP - 187-191 ER - TY - CONF TI - Stability of fusiform rust resistance in loblolly pine AU - McKeand, S. E. AU - Li, B. C2 - 1997/// C3 - Proceedings of the 24th Southern Forest Tree Improvement Conference DA - 1997/// SP - 261-266 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Improving forest resources in the 21st century through tree breeding AU - McKeand, S. E. T2 - Forest Tree Breeding DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// VL - 185 SP - 9-17 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genetically improved seedlings can benefit small forest landowners AU - Li, B. AU - McKeand, S. E. AU - Weir, R. J. T2 - Forest Landowner DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// VL - 55 IS - 5 SP - 20-23 ER - TY - CONF TI - Genetic gains of second generation selections from the NCSU-Industry Cooperative Tree Improvement Program AU - Li, B. AU - McKeand, S. E. AU - Hatcher, A. V. AU - Weir, R. J. C2 - 1997/// C3 - Proceedings of the 24th Southern Forest Tree Improvement Conference DA - 1997/// SP - 234-238 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Forestry in Japan AU - McKeand, S. E. T2 - Sylvanet DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// VL - 11 IS - 2 SP - 1-3 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Establishment of 2.5-generation seed orchards AU - McKeand, S. E. AU - Weir, B. AU - Hatcher, A. AU - Li, B. AU - Sprague, J. AU - Zanker, P. A3 - North Carolina State University-Industry Cooperative Tree Improvement Program C6 - 97-1 DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// SP - 11 PB - North Carolina State University-Industry Cooperative Tree Improvement Program ER - TY - CONF TI - Early growth response of diverse families of loblolly pine to nutrient amendments on a poor site AU - McKeand, S. E. AU - Grissom, J. E. AU - O'Malley, D. M. AU - Allen, H. L. C2 - 1997/// C3 - Proceedings of the 24th Southern Forest Tree Improvement Conference DA - 1997/// SP - 267-274 ER - TY - CONF TI - Wood density assessment of diverse families of loblolly pine using x-ray densitometry AU - Belonger, P. J. AU - McKeand, S. E. AU - Jett, J. B. C2 - 1997/// C3 - Proceedings of the 24th Southern Forest Tree Improvement Conference DA - 1997/// SP - 133-142 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Early family evaluation for growth of loblolly pine AU - Bridgwater, F. E. AU - McKeand, S. E. T2 - Forest Genetics DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// VL - 4 SP - 51-57 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Agriculture, methyl bromide, and the ozone hole: Can we fill the gaps? AU - Ristaino, JB AU - Thomas, W T2 - PLANT DISEASE AB - HomePlant DiseaseVol. 81, No. 9Agriculture, Methyl Bromide, and the Ozone Hole: Can We Fill the Gaps? PreviousNext OPENOpen Access licenseAgriculture, Methyl Bromide, and the Ozone Hole: Can We Fill the Gaps?Jean Beagle Ristaino and William ThomasJean Beagle RistainoSearch for more papers by this author and William ThomasSearch for more papers by this authorAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations Jean Beagle Ristaino , Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh William Thomas , Stratospheric Protection Division, Office of Atmospheric Programs, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC Published Online:22 Feb 2007https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.9.964AboutSectionsPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 81, No. 9 September 1997SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 Metrics Article History Issue Date: 25 Jan 2008Published: 22 Feb 2007 Pages: 964-977 Information© 1997 The American Phytopathological SocietyPDF downloadCited byResponse of some mango-infesting fruit flies to aqueous solutions of the basil plant Ocimum tenuiflorum L10 May 2023 | Frontiers in Horticulture, Vol. 2Evaluation of spatial distribution of the oxidation of glass beads simulating soil using high-voltage pulsed discharge5 May 2023 | Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 62, No. 5Chlorine Dioxide Reprograms Rhizosphere Microbial Communities to Enrich Interactions with Tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum )24 March 2023 | Polish Journal of Microbiology, Vol. 72, No. 1Green Manures Alter Taxonomic and Functional Characteristics of Soil Bacterial Communities2 February 2022 | Microbial Ecology, Vol. 85, No. 2New Approaches to Soil Disinfestation for Specialty Crops11 March 2023A reassessment of the fungicidal efficacy of 1,3‐dichloropropene, chloropicrin, and metam potassium against Macrophomina phaseolina in strawberry28 May 2022 | Pest Management Science, Vol. 78, No. 8Endophytic Trichoderma spp. can protect strawberry and privet plants from infection by the fungus Armillaria mellea1 August 2022 | PLOS ONE, Vol. 17, No. 8Ion Chromatography–High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Method for the Determination of Bromide Ions in Cereals and Legumes: New Scenario for Global Food Security9 August 2022 | Foods, Vol. 11, No. 16Bacterial Volatile-Mediated Suppression of Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita)Ting Yang, Yi Xin, Tongyao Liu, Zhengfeng Li, Xingzhong Liu, Yunpeng Wu, Mingfeng Wang, and Meichun Xiang6 April 2022 | Plant Disease, Vol. 106, No. 5Effects of Potassium and Sodium Bromides on Triticum aestivum and Pisum sativum18 March 2022 | Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, Vol. 69, No. 2Efficacy and economics evaluation of seed rhizome treatment combined with preplant soil fumigation on ginger soilborne disease, plant growth, and yield promotion29 September 2021 | Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, Vol. 102, No. 5Quantifying the effects of anaerobic soil disinfestation and other biological soil management strategies on nitrous oxide emissions from raised bed plasticulture tomato production1 February 2022 | Journal of Environmental Quality, Vol. 51, No. 2Anaerobic soil disinfestation, amendment-type, and irrigation regimen influence Salmonella survival and die-off in agricultural soils1 March 2022 | Journal of Applied Microbiology, Vol. 132, No. 3Thermal tolerance of an invasive drywood termite, Cryptotermes brevis (Blattodea: Kalotermitidae)Journal of Thermal Biology, Vol. 104Microbial biocontrol agents against chilli plant pathogens over synthetic pesticides: a review7 October 2021 | Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy, Vol. 87, No. 4Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae): A Decade of Research Towards a Sustainable Integrated Pest Management Program13 September 2021 | Journal of Economic Entomology, Vol. 114, No. 5Transcriptomic evaluation on methyl bromide-induced phytotoxicity in Arabidopsis thaliana and its mode of phytotoxic action via the occurrence of reactive oxygen species and uneven distribution of auxin hormonesJournal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 419Metabolomics profiling for identification of potential biomarkers in chickens infected with avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J)Research in Veterinary Science, Vol. 139Acute aluminum phosphide poisoning: The menace of phosphine exposureClinica Chimica Acta, Vol. 520Chloropicrin alternated with dazomet improved the soil’s physicochemical properties, changed microbial communities and increased strawberry yieldEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Vol. 220Toxicity of Five Plant Volatiles to Adult and Egg Stages of Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae), the Spotted-Wing Drosophila11 August 2021 | Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Vol. 69, No. 33Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation Efficacy Against Fusarium oxysporum Is Affected by Soil Temperature, Amendment Type, Rate, and C:N RatioUtsala Shrestha, Bonnie H. 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C2 - 1997/// C3 - Compugraphics '97: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Graphics and Visualization Techniques, December 1997 DA - 1997/// SP - 1-5 M1 - 1997 PB - Portugal ER - TY - JOUR TI - Tospoviruses strike the greenhouse industry - INSV has become a major pathogen on flower crops AU - Daughtrey, ML AU - Jones, RK AU - Moyer, JW AU - Daub, ME AU - Baker, , JR T2 - PLANT DISEASE AB - HomePlant DiseaseVol. 81, No. 11Tospoviruses Strike the Greenhouse Industry: INSV Has Become a Major Pathogen on Flower Crops PreviousNext OPENOpen Access licenseTospoviruses Strike the Greenhouse Industry: INSV Has Become a Major Pathogen on Flower CropsMargery L. Daughtrey, Ronald K. Jones, James W. Moyer, Margaret E. Daub, and James R. BakerMargery L. DaughtreySearch for more papers by this author, Ronald K. JonesSearch for more papers by this author, James W. MoyerSearch for more papers by this author, Margaret E. DaubSearch for more papers by this author, and James R. BakerSearch for more papers by this authorAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations Margery L. Daughtrey , L. I. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Cornell University, Riverhead, NY Ronald K. Jones James W. Moyer Margaret E. Daub , Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh James R. Baker , Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh Published Online:22 Feb 2007https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.11.1220AboutSectionsPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 81, No. 11 November 1997SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 Metrics Article History Issue Date: 25 Jan 2008Published: 22 Feb 2007 Pages: 1220-1230 Information© 1997 The American Phytopathological SocietyPDF downloadCited byMolecular characterization and incidence of new tospovirus: Soybean Vein Necrosis Virus (SVNV) in Egypt1 January 2024 | Brazilian Journal of Biology, Vol. 84Soğuk Sıcaklıkta Fosfin Fümigasyonunun Karanfil üzerindeki Frankliniella occidentalis Perg. 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Sherwood27 July 2018 | Plant Health Progress, Vol. 6, No. 1Double-stranded RNA-specific Ribonuclease Confers Tolerance against Chrysanthemum Stunt Viroid and Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus in Transgenic Chrysanthemum PlantsBreeding Science, Vol. 55, No. 1Expression and Characterization of a Soluble Form of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Glycoprotein G NJournal of Virology, Vol. 78, No. 23Impatiens necrotic spot virus infection and feeding behavior of nematode-parasitized western flower thripsBiological Control, Vol. 31, No. 3Development of immunocapture reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for the detection of tomato spotted wilt virus from chrysanthemumJournal of Virological Methods, Vol. 121, No. 1Assessment of Augmentative Releases of Parasitic Nematode Thripinema nicklewoodi for Control of Frankliniella occidentalis in Impatiens Bedding Plants1 October 2004 | Environmental Entomology, Vol. 33, No. 5Transmission of Tomato spotted wilt virus by the dark form of Frankliniella schultzei (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) originating in tomato fields in ParaguayApplied Entomology and Zoology, Vol. 39, No. 1Distinct efficiencies of Impatiens necrotic spot virus transmission by five thrips vector species (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) of tospoviruses in JapanApplied Entomology and Zoology, Vol. 39, No. 1Chrysanthemum: advances in tissue culture, cryopreservation, postharvest technology, genetics and transgenic biotechnologyBiotechnology Advances, Vol. 21, No. 8Restricted Spread of Tomato spotted wilt virus in Thrips-Resistant PepperP. C. Maris, N. N. Joosten, R. W. Goldbach, and D. Peters22 February 2007 | Phytopathology®, Vol. 93, No. 10Tissue Blot Immunoassay for Detection of Tomato spotted wilt virus in Ranunculus asiaticus and Other OrnamentalsA. E. Whitfield, L. R. Campbell, J. L. Sherwood, and D. E. Ullman23 February 2007 | Plant Disease, Vol. 87, No. 6First Report on the Incidence of Mixed Infections of Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV) and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in Tobacco Grown in Georgia, South Carolina, and VirginiaN. Martínez-Ochoa, A. S. Csinos, E. B. Whitty, A. W. Johnson, and M. J. Parrish27 July 2018 | Plant Health Progress, Vol. 4, No. 1Thrips Resistance in Pepper and Its Consequences for the Acquisition and Inoculation of Tomato spotted wilt virus by the Western Flower ThripsP. C. Maris, N. N. Joosten, D. Peters, and R. W. Goldbach22 February 2007 | Phytopathology®, Vol. 93, No. 1Agrobacterium - mediated Transformation of Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora) Plants with a Disease Resistance Gene (pac1)Plant Biotechnology, Vol. 20, No. 2RT-PCR for detecting five distinct Tospovirus species using degenerate primers and dsRNA templateJournal of Virological Methods, Vol. 96, No. 2An Anatomical Perspective of Tospovirus TransmissionVariation in tospovirus transmission between populations of Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)9 March 2007 | Bulletin of Entomological Research, Vol. 89, No. 6Assessing the susceptibility of chrysanthemum cultivars to tomato spotted wilt virus4 January 2002 | Plant Pathology, Vol. 48, No. 6EPPO DATA SHEETS ON QUARANTINE PESTS.EPPO Bulletin, Vol. 29, No. 4 DA - 1997/11// PY - 1997/11// DO - 10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.11.1220 VL - 81 IS - 11 SP - 1220-1230 SN - 0191-2917 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Statistical issues in the search for genes? AU - Doerge, R. W. AU - Zeng, Z. B. AU - Weir, B. S. T2 - Statistical Science DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// VL - 12 IS - 1997 SP - 195-219 ER - TY - PAT TI - Maize cytoplasmic male sterility type T (cms-T) mitochondria DNA C2 - 1997/// DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// ER - TY - CHAP TI - Biotechnological approaches for virus resistance in floral crops AU - Daub, M. E. AU - Jones, R. K. AU - Moyer, J. W. T2 - Biotechnology of ornamental plants A2 - R. L. Geneve, J. E. Preece A2 - Merkle, S. A. CN - SB106.B56 B58 1997 PY - 1997/// SP - 335-351 PB - Wallingford: CAB International ER - TY - JOUR TI - A PCR-RFLP method for the detection of Helicobacter hepaticus in frozen or fixed liver from B6C3F(1) mice AU - Malarkey, DE AU - Ton, TV AU - Hailey, , JR AU - Devereux, TR T2 - TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY AB - Establishing the diagnosis of Helicobacter hepaticus infection in mouse liver has recently become important for the interpretation of rodent carcinogenicity bioassays. A seminested primer polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene in combination with a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay was designed to identify and distinguish H. hepaticus from H. muridarum and H. bilis in mouse liver. The PCR-RFLP assay was applied to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded and, when available, corresponding frozen liver tissues from male and female B6C3F1 mice with or without histologic evidence of infection from various National Toxicology Program 2-yr bioassay studies. PCR products consistent with H. hepaticus were detected in 10-80% of livers from mice in studies with other evidence of infection that were frozen or fixed for less than 24 hr but not in liver fixed for several weeks. The sensitivity of the PCR-RFLP assay for H. hepaticus on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded mouse liver varied between studies from markedly decreased when compared to the results from frozen liver or histologic evaluation to nearly equivalent or more sensitive than histologic evaluation. The PCR-RFLP results appeared dependent on the duration of fixation and bacterial load but not on the presence of hepatitis, sampling from neoplastic or nonneoplastic liver, or sex of the mouse. DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// DO - 10.1177/019262339702500611 VL - 25 IS - 6 SP - 606-612 SN - 0192-6233 KW - mouse liver carcinogenesis KW - diagnostic assay KW - archival tissues KW - sensitivity KW - specificity KW - bioassay KW - National Toxicology Program (NTP) ER - TY - CHAP TI - Molecular markers and forest trees AU - O'Malley, D. M. AU - Whetten, R. T2 - DNA markers: Protocols, applications, and overviews A2 - G. Caetano-Anolles, P. M. Gresshoff CN - QP624 .D147 1997 PY - 1997/// SP - 237-257 PB - New York: Wiley-VCH ER - TY - JOUR TI - Autologistic Model of Spatial Pattern of Phytophthora Epidemic in Bell Pepper: Effects of Soil Variables on Disease Presence AU - Gumpertz, M.L. AU - Graham, J.M. AU - Ristaino, J.B. T2 - Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// VL - 2 IS - 2 SP - 131-156 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0344119314&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sequence tag site and host range assays demonstrate that Radopholus similis and R-citrophilus are not reproductively isolated AU - Kaplan, D. T. AU - Vanderspool, M. C. AU - Opperman, C. H. T2 - Journal of Nematology DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// VL - 29 IS - 4 SP - 421-429 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Quantitative genetic analysis of divergence in male secondary sexual traits between Drosophila simulans and Drosophila mauritiana AU - True, , JR AU - Liu, JJ AU - Stam, LF AU - Zeng, ZB AU - Laurie, CC T2 - EVOLUTION DA - 1997/6// PY - 1997/6// DO - 10.2307/2411157 VL - 51 IS - 3 SP - 816-832 SN - 0014-3820 KW - genitalia KW - interspecific divergence KW - morphological evolution KW - quantitative trait loci mapping KW - sexual dimorphism ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pheromone regulated production of inositol-(1, 4, 5)trisphosphate in the mammalian vomeronasal organ AU - Wekesa, KS AU - Anholt, RRH T2 - ENDOCRINOLOGY DA - 1997/8// PY - 1997/8// DO - 10.1210/en.138.8.3497 VL - 138 IS - 8 SP - 3497-3504 SN - 0013-7227 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Inheritance, gene expression, and lignin characterization in a mutant pine deficient in cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase AU - MacKay, JJ AU - OMalley, DM AU - Presnell, T AU - Booker, FL AU - Campbell, MM AU - Whetten, RW AU - Sederoff, RR T2 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AB - We have discovered a mutant loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) in which expression of the gene encoding cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD; EC 1.1.1.195) is severely reduced. The products of CAD, cinnamyl alcohols, are the precursors of lignin, a major cell wall polymer of plant vascular tissues. Lignin composition in this mutant shows dramatic modifications, including increased incorporation of the substrate of CAD (coniferaldehyde), indicating that CAD may modulate lignin composition in pine. The recessive cad-n1 allele, which causes this phenotype, was discovered in a tree heterozygous for this mutant allele. It is inherited as a simple Mendelian locus that maps to the same genomic region as the cad locus. In mutant plants, CAD activity and abundance of cad RNA transcript are low, and free CAD substrate accumulates to a high level. The wood of the mutant is brown, whereas the wood in wild types is nearly white. The wood phenotype resembles that of brown midrib (bm) mutants and some transgenic plants in which xylem is red-brown due to a reduction in CAD activity. However, unlike transgenics with reduced CAD, the pine mutant has decreased lignin content. Wood in which the composition of lignin varies beyond previous expectations still provides vascular function and mechanical support. DA - 1997/7/22/ PY - 1997/7/22/ DO - 10.1073/pnas.94.15.8255 VL - 94 IS - 15 SP - 8255-8260 SN - 0027-8424 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Immunochemical identification of AFLR, a regulatory protein, involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis AU - Liu, BH AU - Brewer, JF AU - Flaherty, JE AU - Payne, G AU - Bhatnagar, D AU - Chu, FS T2 - FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL IMMUNOLOGY AB - Polyclonal antibodies against AFLR, the aflR gene product of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, were generated by immunizing a rabbit with the Escherichia coli‐expressed recombinant AFLR protein of A. flavus. Immunoblot analysis revealed that the antibodies not only reacted with the recombinant AFLR protein of A. flavus or A. parasiticus but also with native 47‐kDa AFLR in A. flavus and A. parasiticus. Immunoblot analysis revealed that accumulation of the 47‐kDa AFLR in cultures of A. flavus and A. parasiticus correlated well with the production of aflatoxin under various culture conditions that regulate aflatoxin formation. Neither AFLR nor aflatoxin was found when A. parasiticus NRRL 2999 was grown in peptone mineral salts (PMS) medium; however, both were detected after the culture was transferred to glucose mineral salts (GMS) medium. The AFLR protein was absent in the non‐aflatoxigenic Penicillium and Fusarium species grown in GMS medium. The data indicate that the antibodies obtained in the present studies are specific for AFLR and could be used in various studies to monitor the role of AFLR in regulating aflatoxin biosynthesis. DA - 1997/12// PY - 1997/12// DO - 10.1080/09540109709354959 VL - 9 IS - 4 SP - 289-298 SN - 1465-3443 KW - aflatoxin KW - AFLR KW - antibodies KW - regulation KW - A-flavus KW - A-parasiticus ER - TY - CHAP TI - Geostatistical applications in epidemiology AU - Gumpertz, M. L. AU - Larkin, R. P. AU - Ristaino, J. B. T2 - Exercises in plant disease epidemiology A2 - L. J. Francl, A2 - Neher, D. A. CN - SB732.56 .E94 1997 PY - 1997/// SP - 94-99 PB - St. Paul, Minn.: APS Press ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genome similarity implies that citrus-parasitic burrowing nematodes do not represent a unique species AU - Kaplan, D. T. AU - Opperman, C. H. T2 - Journal of Nematology DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// VL - 29 IS - 4 SP - 430-440 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genetics of soybean-Heterodera glycines interactions AU - Dong, K. AU - Barker, K. R. AU - Opperman, C. H. T2 - Journal of Nematology DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// VL - 29 IS - 4 SP - 509-522 ER - TY - JOUR TI - CIS elements that contribute to geminivirus transcriptional regulation and the efficiency of DNA replication AU - Eagle, P. A. AU - Hanley-Bowdoin, L. K. T2 - Journal of Virology DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// VL - 71 IS - 9 SP - 6947-6955 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The evolution of the conserved ATPase domain (CAD): Reconstructing the history of an ancient protein module AU - Swaffield, JC AU - Purugganan, MD T2 - JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EVOLUTION DA - 1997/11// PY - 1997/11// DO - 10.1007/PL00006259 VL - 45 IS - 5 SP - 549-563 SN - 0022-2844 KW - AAA proteins KW - ATPase KW - proteasome KW - NSF KW - Sec KW - Pas KW - metalloprotease ER - TY - JOUR TI - The dark-adaptation response of the de-etiolated pea mutant lip1 is modulated by external signals and endogenous programs AU - Frances, S AU - Thompson, WF T2 - PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AB - Abstract The lip1 mutant of pea (Pisum sativum L.) exhibits a de-etiolated phenotype. When grown in darkness, lip1 plants have several characteristics normally associated only with light-grown plants. Young wild-type (WT) seedlings accumulate high levels of transcripts from plastid-related genes (such as those encoding chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins, ferredoxin, and the small subunit of Rubisco) only in the light. In contrast, regardless of the light conditions under which the plants are grown, young mutant seedlings accumulate transcript levels equal to or greater than those seen in light-grown WT seedlings of the same age. Under some conditions, light-grown lip1 seedlings failed to respond to dark treatment. The largest response to darkness observed in the mutant occurred when older seedlings were first grown under low-light conditions before transfer to darkness. The mutant's inability to respond to darkness is not due to a gross disturbance in the circadian clock. We conclude that environmental signals (light) and endogenous programs (developmental and circadian) regulate gene expression in both WT and mutant plants. However, mutant seedlings exhibit a developmentally regulated and exaggerated response to light. In addition, the effect of the mutation may be greatest during a brief period early in development. DA - 1997/9// PY - 1997/9// DO - 10.1104/pp.115.1.23 VL - 115 IS - 1 SP - 23-28 SN - 0032-0889 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sex-specific quantitative trait loci affecting longevity in Drosophila melanogaster AU - Nuzhdin, SV AU - Pasyukova, EG AU - Dilda, CL AU - Zeng, ZB AU - Mackay, TFC T2 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AB - Senescence, the decline in survivorship and fertility with increasing age, is a near-universal property of organisms. Senescence and limited lifespan are thought to arise because weak natural selection late in life allows the accumulation of mutations with deleterious late-age effects that are either neutral (the mutation accumulation hypothesis) or beneficial (the antagonistic pleiotropy hypothesis) early in life. Analyses of Drosophila spontaneous mutations, patterns of segregating variation and covariation, and lines selected for late-age fertility have implicated both classes of mutation in the evolution of aging, but neither their relative contributions nor the properties of individual loci that cause aging in nature are known. To begin to dissect the multiple genetic causes of quantitative variation in lifespan, we have conducted a genome-wide screen for quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting lifespan that segregate among a panel of recombinant inbred lines using a dense molecular marker map. Five autosomal QTLs were mapped by composite interval mapping and by sequential multiple marker analysis. The QTLs had large sex-specific effects on lifespan and age-specific effects on survivorship and mortality and mapped to the same regions as candidate genes with fertility, cellular aging, stress resistance and male-specific effects. Late age-of-onset QTL effects are consistent with the mutation accumulation hypothesis for the evolution of senescence, and sex-specific QTL effects suggest a novel mechanism for maintaining genetic variation for lifespan. DA - 1997/9/2/ PY - 1997/9/2/ DO - 10.1073/pnas.94.18.9734 VL - 94 IS - 18 SP - 9734-9739 SN - 0027-8424 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Rapid detection of Phytophthora infestans in late blight-infected potato and tomato using PCR AU - Trout, CL AU - Ristaino, JB AU - Madritch, M AU - Wangsomboondee, T T2 - PLANT DISEASE AB - Late blight caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans is a devastating disease of potato and tomato worldwide. A rapid and accurate method for specific detection of P. infestans is necessary for determination of late blight in infected fruit, leaves, and tubers. Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) from four isolates of P. infestans representing the four genotypes US1, US6, US7, and US8 was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the universal primers internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 4 and ITS5. PCR products were sequenced using an automated sequencer. Sequences were aligned with published sequences from 5 other Phytophthora species, and a region specific to P. infestans was used to construct a PCR primer (PINF). Over 140 isolates representing 14 species of Phytophthora and at least 13 other genera of fungi and bacteria were used to screen the PINF primer. PCR amplification with primers PINF and ITS5 results in amplification of an approximately 600 base pair product with only isolates of P. infestans from potato and tomato, as well as isolates of P. mirabilis and P. cactorum. P. mirabilis and P. cactorum are not pathogens of potato; however, P. cactorum is a pathogen of tomato. P. infestans and P. cactorum were differentiated by restriction digests of the amplified product. The PINF primer was used with a rapid NaOH lysis technique for direct PCR of P. infestans from infected tomato and potato field samples. The PINF primer will provide a valuable tool for detection of P. infestans in potatoes and tomatoes. DA - 1997/9// PY - 1997/9// DO - 10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.9.1042 VL - 81 IS - 9 SP - 1042-1048 SN - 0191-2917 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0030804086&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - disease diagnosis ER - TY - JOUR TI - Quantitative genetics of ovariole number in Drosophila melanogaster. I. Segregating variation and fitness AU - Wayne, M. L. AU - Hackett, J. B. AU - Mackay, T. F. C. T2 - Evolution DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// DO - 10.2307/2411045 VL - 51 IS - 4 SP - 1156-1163 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Low mutation rates of microsatellite loci in Drosophila melanogaster AU - Schug, MD AU - Mackay, TFC AU - Aquadro, CF T2 - NATURE GENETICS DA - 1997/1// PY - 1997/1// DO - 10.1038/ng0197-99 VL - 15 IS - 1 SP - 99-102 SN - 1061-4036 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Immunoblot Analysis of the Immunoglobulin G Response to Ehrlichia Canis in Dogs: An International Survey AU - Hegarty, Barbara C. AU - Levy, Michael G. AU - Gager, Robin F. AU - Breitschwerdt, Edward B. T2 - Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation AB - Historically, considerable variation has been reported in the type and severity of clinical and hematologic abnormalities associated with canine ehrlichiosis. Because of difficulties associated with the isolation of intracellular monocytic Ehrlichia species in tissue culture systems, few E. canis isolates are available for comparative microbiologic studies. To address the issue of potential E. canis antigenic diversity in different regions of the world, dog sera reactive by indirect fluorescent antibody testing to E. canis (Florida) antigen were obtained from France, Israel, Italy, the United States, the Virgin Islands, and Zimbabwe. Ehrlichia canis proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and at least 5 sera from each region were stained by western immunoblotting. Antibody immunodominance was scored based upon staining intensity. There was relative homogeneity in the immunogenic protein reactions to E. canis antigens. Of the 58 E. canis reactive sera, 54 samples resulted in immunoblot patterns indicative of chronic ehrlichiosis. Four reactive sera (reciprocal titers of 160–2,560) did not recognize any genus-specific antigens resulting in protein bands between 22 and 29 kD, indicating serologic cross-reactivity with other microorganisms. Relatively homogenous immunoblot patterns, consistent with the reported immunoblot response of dogs with experimental chronic ehrlichiosis, were observed with sera from Arizona, France, Israel, North Carolina, Texas, and the Virgin Islands. In contrast, unique major proteins were observed in dog sera from Italy and Zimbabwe. Our results indicate that although relatively homogeneous, antigenic diversity may exist among E. canis organisms in different regions of the world. DA - 1997/1// PY - 1997/1// DO - 10.1177/104063879700900106 VL - 9 IS - 1 SP - 32-38 J2 - J VET Diagn Invest LA - en OP - SN - 1040-6387 1943-4936 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063879700900106 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evidence that mirex promotes a unique population of epidermal cells that cannot be distinguished by their mutant Ha ras genotype AU - Kim, T. W. AU - Porter, K. L. AU - Foley, J. F. AU - Maronpot, R. R. AU - Smart, Robert T2 - Molecular Carcinogenesis AB - Mirex is a potent tumor promoter in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)–initiated female CD-1 mouse skin. Like 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), mirex promotes papillomas that have a Ha-ras mutation; however, unlike TPA promotion, mirex promotion does not involve a general hyperplastic response. We used proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) immunohistochemical staining to further examine the proliferative capacity of mirex. The numbers of PCNA- and BrdU-positive epidermal S-phase cells were highly concordant in all treatment groups. Unlike a single application of TPA, a single application of mirex had little or no effect on the number of S-phase epidermal cells, and chronic application of mirex to mouse skin produced only minimal increases in S-phase cells. Moreover, mirex did not significantly alter the growth of BALB/MK-2 keratinocytes in media containing either 0.05 or 1.2 mM Ca++. These results suggest that mirex may have highly specific effects on the proliferation of initiated cells and support the existence of a unique mirex mechanism and/or distinct population of mirex-promotable mutant Ha-ras epidermal cells. To begin to address this issue of a distinct population of mirex-promotable mutant Ha-ras cells, we conducted a tandem experiment in which DMBA-initiated mice were treated twice weekly with a maximal promoting dose of mirex. Then, when the number of papillomas reached a plateau, these same mice were treated twice weekly with a maximal promoting dose of TPA. Mice treated with mirex developed a maximum of 6.4 papillomas/mouse. These mice were then promoted with TPA, which produced 8.9 additional papillomas/mouse for a total of 15.3 papillomas/mouse. The maximum tumor yields from other groups of mice treated with only TPA or mirex were 9.8 and 7.3 papillomas/mouse, respectively. Therefore, under these tandem conditions, tumor yields were additive, indicating that there are at least two distinct populations of mutant Ha-ras cells: one promoted by mirex and the other by TPA. Mol. Carcinog. 20:115–124, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// DO - 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2744(199709)20:1<115::AID-MC13>3.0.CO;2-4 VL - 20 IS - 1 SP - 115–124 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Characterization of post transcriptionally suppressed transgene expression that confers resistance to tobacco etch virus infection in tobacco AU - Tanzer, M. M. AU - Thompson, William AU - Law, M. D. AU - Wernsman, E. A. AU - Uknes, S. T2 - Plant Cell AB - Tobacco lines expressing transgenes that encode tobacco etch virus (TEV) coat protein (CP) mRNA with or without nonsense codons give rise to TEV-resistant tissues that have reduced levels of TEV CP mRNA while maintaining high levels of transgene transcriptional activity. Two phenotypes for virus resistance in the lines containing the transgene have been described: immune (no virus infection) and recovery (initial systemic symptoms followed by gradual recovery over several weeks). Here, we show that at early times in development, immune lines are susceptible to TEV infection and accumulate full-length CP mRNA. Therefore, immune lines also exhibit meiotic resetting, as is seen in the recovery lines, providing molecular evidence for a common mechanism of gene silencing and virus resistance in both cases. We also investigated the characteristics of two sets of low molecular weight RNAs that appear only in silenced tissue. One set has nearly intact 5[prime] ends, lacks poly(A) tails, and is associated with polyribosomes; the second set contains the 3[prime] end of the mRNA. Treating silenced leaf tissue with cycloheximide resulted in decreased levels of full-length mRNA and an increase in the levels of the low molecular weight RNAs, supporting a cytoplasmic decay mechanism that does not require ongoing translation. Surprisingly, mRNA from the transgene containing nonsense codons was associated with more ribosomes than expected, possibly resulting from translation from a start codon downstream of the introduced translational stop codons. We present a hypothesis for transgene/viral RNA degradation in which RNA degradation occurs in the cytoplasm while in association with polyribosomes. DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// DO - 10.1105/tpc.9.8.1411 VL - 9 IS - 8 SP - 1411–1423 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Agronomic and grain quality evaluations of Triticum aestivum x Aegilops tauschii backcross populations AU - Murphy, JP AU - Griffey, CA AU - Finney, PL AU - Leath, S T2 - CROP SCIENCE AB - Aegilops tauschii Coss., a diploid progenitor of common wheat, Triticum aestivum L., is a valuable source of pest resistance alleles. However, interspecific populations generated for pest‐resistant germplasm development may contain beneficial alleles for other important traits. The objective of this research was to evaluate eight agronomic and grain quality traits in three soft red winter wheat × Ae. tauschii backcross populations. A total of 385 BC 2 F 2 ‐derived lines were grown at locations in North Carolina and Virginia for two seasons. Grain quality evaluations were conducted at the USDA‐ARS Soft Wheat Quality Laboratory. Fifty‐four percent of lines did not differ significantly from their recurrent parent, averaged over all eight traits. In general, distributions were negatively skewed for grain yield and test weight and positively skewed for heading date, plant height, flour protein concentration, and alkaline water retention capacity. Line distributions for flour yield and softness equivalent were population dependent. Twenty‐three lines were significantly superior to their recurrent parent for one or more grain quality traits and similar to the recurrent parent for all remaining traits. Researchers who generate interspecific T. aestivum × Ae. tauschii populations for pest‐resistant germplasm development can identify lines with beneficial alleles governing other traits in an acceptable cultivated background if the progeny undergo additional screening. DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// DO - 10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700060047x VL - 37 IS - 6 SP - 1960-1965 SN - 0011-183X ER - TY - JOUR TI - THORACIC RADIOGRAPHIC FINDINGS IN DOGS INFECTED WITH RICKETTSIA RICKETTSII AU - Drost, Wm Tod AU - Berry, Clifford R. AU - Breitschwerdt, Edward B. AU - Davidson, Michael G. T2 - Veterinary Radiology Ultrasound AB - Sixteen beagle dogs were injected intradermally with Rickettsia rickettsii. The dogs were divided into four groups (n = 4): 1) infected, non-treated control; 2) infected, treated with doxycycline; 3) infected, treated with doxycycline and an anti-inflammatory dose of corticosteroid; and 4) infected, treated with doxycycline and an immunosuppressive dose of corticosteroid. Thoracic radiographs were made and ocular fluorescein angiography was performed on days 6, 10, 17 post-inoculation. A mild interstitial lung opacity was noted in 4/16 dogs on day 6, 5/16 on day 10 and 3/16 on day 17 post-inoculation. Increased retinal vascular permeability was noted in 8/16 dogs on day 6, 3/16 on day 10 and 1/16 on day 17 post-inoculation. Correlation between the presence of radiographic and retinal lesions was not significant (p = 0.08). Eleven, naturally infected, dogs with thoracic radiographs and a final diagnosis of RMSF were also evaluated. Four of the 11 dogs had an unstructured interstitial pattern. Dogs with acute, experimentally-infected or naturally-occurring RMSF may have subtle pulmonary changes characterized by an unstructured interstitial pattern. DA - 1997/7// PY - 1997/7// DO - 10.1111/j.1740-8261.1997.tb00852.x VL - 38 IS - 4 SP - 260-266 J2 - Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound LA - en OP - SN - 1058-8183 1740-8261 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.1997.tb00852.x DB - Crossref KW - dog KW - Rocky Mountain spotted fever KW - Rickettsia rickettsii KW - thoracic radiographs KW - ophthalmoscopy ER - TY - JOUR TI - Superinfection exclusion of alphaviruses in three mosquito cell lines persistently infected with sindbis virus AU - Karpf, A. R. AU - Lenches, E. AU - Strauss, E. G. AU - Strauss, J. H. AU - Brown, D. T. T2 - Journal of Virology DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// VL - 71 IS - 9 SP - 7119-7123 ER - TY - JOUR TI - RRB1 and RRB2 encode maize retinoblastoma-related proteins that interact with a plant D-type cyclin and geminivirus replication protein AU - Ach, RA AU - Durfee, T AU - Miller, AB AU - Taranto, P AU - HanleyBowdoin, L AU - Zambryski, PC AU - Gruissem, W T2 - MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY AB - Unlike mammalian and yeast cells, little is known about how plants regulate G1 progression and entry into the S phase of the cell cycle. In mammalian cells, a key regulator of this process is the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (RB). In contrast, G1 control in Saccharomyces cerevisiae does not utilize an RB-like protein. We report here the cloning of cDNAs from two Zea mays genes, RRB1 and RRB2, that encode RB-related proteins. Further, RRB2 transcripts are alternatively spliced to yield two proteins with different C termini. At least one RRB gene is expressed in all the tissues examined, with the highest levels seen in the shoot apex. RRB1 is a 96-kDa nuclear protein that can physically interact with two mammalian DNA tumor virus oncoproteins, simian virus 40 large-T antigen and adenovirus E1A, and with a plant D-type cyclin. These associations are abolished by mutation of a conserved cysteine residue in RRB1 that is also essential for RB function. RRB1 binding potential is also sensitive to deletions in the conserved A and B domains, although differences exist in these effects compared to those of human RB. RRB1 can also bind to the AL1 protein from tomato golden mosaic virus (TGMV), a protein which is essential for TGMV DNA replication. These results suggest that G1 regulation in plant cells is controlled by a mechanism which is much more similar to that found in mammalian cells than that in yeast. DA - 1997/9// PY - 1997/9// DO - 10.1128/MCB.17.9.5077 VL - 17 IS - 9 SP - 5077-5086 SN - 0270-7306 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Investigation of the one-flask synthesis of porphyrins bearing meso-linked straps of variable length, rigidity, and redox activity AU - Wagner, RW AU - Johnson, TE AU - Lindsey, JS T2 - TETRAHEDRON AB - The reactions of 18 dialdehydes have been examined in the two-step one-flask room temperature porphyrin synthesis. Efficient alkylation methods were established for the reaction of diols and diacids with m-bromomethylbenzaldehyde. Dialdehydes linked at the o,o′-or m,m′-positions were converted to strapped porphyrins in yields up to 25%, while the one p,p′-linked dialdehyde that was examined failed to give porphyrin. The resulting porphyrins bear straps joining adjacent meso-positions rather than across the face of the porphyrin. Dialdehydes incorporating rigid groups provided improved yields in some but not all cases. The yield of strapped porphyrin exhibited a maximum at 10−2 M reactant concentrations. The o,o′-strapped porphyrins exist as atropisomers that are sufficiently stable to interconversion at room temperature to be separable chromatographically. No atropisomers of m,m′-strapped porphyrins could be separated, though some could be observed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. For two different m,m′-strapped porphyrins, the ΔG‡ values for interconversion of the atropisomers were found to be 66 and 68 kJ/mol. The outer rings in these strapped porphyrins range in size from 14 to 24 atoms. Five porphyrins with bridging redox-active groups (ferrocene or anthraquinone) have been prepared in one-flask reactions, including a porphyrin bearing one ferrocene and one anthraquinone in straps across adjacent meta-substituted phenyl sites. DA - 1997/5/19/ PY - 1997/5/19/ DO - 10.1016/S0040-4020(97)00327-X VL - 53 IS - 20 SP - 6755-6790 SN - 0040-4020 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Inoculum density and expression of major gene resistance to fusiform rust disease in loblolly pine AU - Kuhlman, EG AU - Amerson, HV AU - Jordan, AP AU - Pepper, WD T2 - PLANT DISEASE AB - Inoculum densities of 25 × 103 to 200 × 103 per ml of basidiospores from single aeciospore isolates avirulent or virulent to the Fr1 (fusiform resistance-1) gene were used to inoculate a control-pollinated loblolly pine family heterozygous for this gene. With two avirulent isolates, the regression curve of gall frequency 9 months after inoculation went from 26 to 50% as inoculum density increased to 100 × 103 spores. The regression curve flattened at higher inoculum densities. With two virulent isolates, gall frequency increased from 47% to a plateau at 97% as spore density increased. A double-blind element of the study correlated the occurrence of the genetic marker (RAPD marker J7-485A) for Fr1 resistance in haploid megagametophyte tissuend the presence or absence of galls on seedlings after artificial inoculations. With avirulent isolates at the two higher densities of 100 × 103 and 200 × 103, marker presence-absence and phenotypic assessments of gall presence-absence agreed for 95% of the seedlings. At the 50 ×103 level, marker-phenotype agreed for 86% of the seedlings. The increased marker-phenotype association resulted from a reduction or elimination of disease escapes as Fr1 resistance remained stable even at higher spore densities. The double-blind study indicates that resistant individuals can be identified from the megagametophyte tissue of germinating seedlings. With virulent isolates, marker and disease phenotype did not correlate, even at the lowest inoculum density. The virulent isolates appear to be homozygous for virulence because infection of marker-positive resistant seedlings equaled or exceeded that of marker-negative susceptible seedlings at the lowest inoculum density. DA - 1997/6// PY - 1997/6// DO - 10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.6.597 VL - 81 IS - 6 SP - 597-600 SN - 0191-2917 KW - Cronartium quercuum f sp fusiforme KW - Pinus taeda ER - TY - JOUR TI - High sensitivity polymerase chain reaction assay for active and latent feline herpesvirus-1 infections in domestic cats AU - Weigler, BJ AU - Babineau, CA AU - Sherry, B AU - Nasisse, MP T2 - VETERINARY RECORD AB - A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed and used to detect feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1) in conjunctival and oropharyngeal swabs, and in latently infected tissues (trigeminal ganglia, optic nerves, optic chiasma, olfactory bulbs and corneas) collected from 10 experimentally infected cats. There was good agreement between parallel tests of the swab specimens by PCR and virus isolation assay during the phase of acute, latent and recurrent disease episodes (kappa = 0.63, P < 0.001). The PCR reliably detected < or = 240 copies of FHV-1 template DNA, significantly improving upon previously published PCR assays for the agent. DA - 1997/3/29/ PY - 1997/3/29/ DO - 10.1136/vr.140.13.335 VL - 140 IS - 13 SP - 335-338 SN - 0042-4900 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genotype by environment interaction for index traits that combine growth and wood density in loblolly pine AU - McKeand, SE AU - Eriksson, G AU - Roberds, JH T2 - THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS DA - 1997/6// PY - 1997/6// DO - 10.1007/s001220050509 VL - 94 IS - 8 SP - 1015-1022 SN - 0040-5752 KW - gain KW - K-statistic KW - Pinus taeda L KW - selection index KW - stability KW - tree improvement ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genetic and molecular analysis of smooth, a quantitative trait locus affecting bristle number in Drosophila melanogaster AU - Lage, P. Z. AU - Shrimpton, A. D. AU - Flavell, A. J. AU - Mackay, T. F. C. AU - Brown, A. J. L. T2 - Genetics DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// VL - 146 IS - 2 SP - 607-618 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genetic analysis of parasitism in the soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines AU - Dong, K. AU - Opperman, C. H. T2 - Genetics DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// VL - 146 IS - 4 SP - 1311-1318 ER - TY - JOUR TI - General formulas for obtaining the MLEs and the asymptotic variance-covariance matrix in mapping quantitative trait loci when using the EM algorithm AU - Kao, CH AU - Zeng, ZB T2 - BIOMETRICS AB - We present in this paper general formulas for deriving the maximum likelihood estimates and the asymptotic variance-covariance matrix of the positions and effects of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in a finite normal mixture model when the EM algorithm is used for mapping QTLs. The general formulas are based on two matrices D and Q, where D is the genetic design matrix, characterizing the genetic effects of the QTLs, and Q is the conditional probability matrix of QTL genotypes given flanking marker genotypes, containing the information on QTL positions. With the general formulas, it is relatively easy to extend QTL mapping analysis to using multiple marker intervals simultaneously for mapping multiple QTLs, for analyzing QTL epistasis, and for estimating the heritability of quantitative traits. Simulations were performed to evaluate the performance of the estimates of the asymptotic variances of QTL positions and effects. DA - 1997/6// PY - 1997/6// DO - 10.2307/2533965 VL - 53 IS - 2 SP - 653-665 SN - 0006-341X KW - asymptotic variance-covariance matrix KW - EM algorithm KW - epistasis KW - gene mapping KW - general formulas KW - heritability KW - maximum likelihood KW - normal mixture model KW - quantitative trait loci ER - TY - JOUR TI - Combining information from data in mapping analysis: use of multiple markers and multiple traits AU - Zeng, Z. B. T2 - Animal Biotechnology DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// DO - 10.1080/10495399709525876 VL - 8 IS - 1 SP - 145-150 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Characteristics of beet soilborne mosaic virus, a furo-like virus infecting sugar beet AU - Heidel, GB AU - Rush, CM AU - Kendall, TL AU - Lommel, SA AU - French, RC T2 - PLANT DISEASE AB - Beet soilborne mosaic virus (BSBMV) is a rigid rod-shaped virus transmitted by Polymyxa betae. Particles were 19 nm wide and ranged from 50 to over 400 nm, but no consistent modal lengths could be determined. Nucleic acids extracted from virions were polyadenylated and typically separated into three or four discrete bands of variable size by agarose-formaldehyde gel electrophoresis. RNA 1 and 2, the largest of the RNAs, consistently averaged 6.7 and 4.6 kb, respectively. The sizes and number of smaller RNA species were variable. The molecular mass of the capsid protein of BSBMV was estimated to be 22.5 kDa. In Northern blots, probes specific to the 3′ end of individual beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) RNAs 1–4 hybridized strongly with the corresponding BNYVV RNA species and weakly with BSBMV RNAs 1, 2, and 4. Probes specific to the 5′ end of BNYVV RNAs 1–4 hybridized with BNYVV but not with BSBMV. No cross-reaction between BNYVV and BSBMV was detected in Western blots. In greenhouse studies, root weights of BSBMV-infected plants were significantly lower than mock-inoculated controls but greater than root weights from plants infected with BNYVV. Results of serological, hybridization, and virulence experiments indicate that BSBMV is distinct from BNYVV. However, host range, capsid size, and the number, size, and polyadenylation of its RNAs indicate that BSBMV more closely resembles BNYVV than it does other members of the genus Furovirus. DA - 1997/9// PY - 1997/9// DO - 10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.9.1070 VL - 81 IS - 9 SP - 1070-1076 SN - 1943-7692 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bartonella clarridgeiae, a newly recognized zoonotic pathogen causing inoculation papules, fever, and lymphadenopathy (cat scratch disease) AU - Kordick, D. L. AU - Hilyard, E. J. AU - Hadfield, T. L. AU - Wilson, K. H. AU - Steigerwalt, A. G. AU - Brenner, D. J. AU - Breitschwerdt, E. B. T2 - Journal of Clinical Microbiology DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// VL - 35 IS - 7 SP - 1813-1818 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Altering developmental trajectories in mice by restricted index selection AU - Atchley, W. R. AU - Xu, S. AU - Cowley, D. E. T2 - Genetics DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// VL - 146 IS - 2 SP - 629-640 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A natural classification of the basic helix-loop-helix class of transcription factors AU - Atchley, WR AU - Fitch, WM T2 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AB - A natural (evolutionary) classification is provided for 242 basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) motif-containing proteins. Phylogenetic analyses of amino acid sequences describe the patterns of evolutionary change within the motif and delimit evolutionary lineages. These evolutionary lineages represent well known functional groups of proteins and can be further arranged into five groups based on binding to DNA at the hexanucleotide E-box, the amino acid patterns in other components of the motif, and the presence/absence of a leucine zipper. The hypothesized ancestral amino acid sequence for the bHLH transcription factor family is given together with the ancestral sequences of the subgroups. It is suggested that bHLH proteins containing a leucine zipper are not a natural, monophyletic group. DA - 1997/5/13/ PY - 1997/5/13/ DO - 10.1073/pnas.94.10.5172 VL - 94 IS - 10 SP - 5172-5176 SN - 0027-8424 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Two domains of the AL1 protein mediate geminivirus origin recognition AU - Gladfelter, HJ AU - Eagle, PA AU - Fontes, EPB AU - Batts, L AU - Hanley-Bowdoin, L T2 - VIROLOGY AB - The geminiviruses tomato golden mosaic virus (TGMV) and bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV) have bipartite genomes. Their A and B DNA components containcis-acting sequences that function as origins of replication, while their A components encode thetrans-acting replication proteins—AL1 and AL3. Earlier experiments demonstrated that virus-specific interactions between thecis- andtrans-acting functions are required for TGMV and BGMV replication and that the AL1 proteins of the two viruses specifically bind their respective origins. In the current study, characterization of AL1 and AL3 proteins produced from plant expression cassettes in transient replication assays revealed that interaction between AL1 and the origin is responsible for virus-specific replication. The AL3 protein does not contribute to specificity but can be preferred by its cognate AL1 protein when replication is impaired. Analysis of chimeric proteins showed that two regions of AL1 act as specificity determinants during replication. The first domain is located between amino acids 1 and 116 and recognizes the AL1 origin binding site. The second region, which is between amino acids 121 and 209, is not dependent on the known AL1 DNA binding site. Analysis of wild type and chimeric proteins in transient transcription assays showed that AL1 also represses its own promoter in a virus-specific manner. Transcriptional specificity is conferred primarily by AL1 amino acids 1–93 with amino acids 121–209 making a smaller contribution. Together, these results demonstrated that the virus-specific interactions of AL1 during replication and transcription are complex, involving at least two discreet domains of the protein. DA - 1997/12/8/ PY - 1997/12/8/ DO - 10.1006/viro.1997.8869 VL - 239 IS - 1 SP - 186-197 SN - 0042-6822 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Subcellular localization of celery mannitol dehydrogenase - A cytosolic metabolic enzyme in nuclei AU - Yamamoto, YT AU - Zamski, E AU - Williamson, JD AU - Conkling, MA AU - Pharr, DM T2 - PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AB - Abstract Mannitol dehydrogenase (MTD) is the first enzyme in mannitol catabolism in celery (Apium graveolens L. var dulce [Mill] Pers. Cv Florida 638). Mannitol is an important photoassimilate, as well as providing plants with resistance to salt and osmotic stress. Previous work has shown that expression of the celery Mtd gene is regulated by many factors, such as hexose sugars, salt and osmotic stress, and salicylic acid. Furthermore, MTD is present in cells of sink organs, phloem cells, and mannitol-grown suspension cultures. Immunogold localization and biochemical analyses presented here demonstrate that celery MTD is localized in the cytosol and nuclei. Although the cellular density of MTD varies among different cell types, densities of nuclear and cytosolic MTD in a given cell are approximately equal. Biochemical analyses of nuclear extracts from mannitol-grown cultured cells confirmed that the nuclear-localized MTD is enzymatically active. The function(s) of nuclear-localized MTD is unknown. DA - 1997/12// PY - 1997/12// DO - 10.1104/pp.115.4.1397 VL - 115 IS - 4 SP - 1397-1403 SN - 0032-0889 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Rootstock effects on scion growth and reproduction in 8-year-old grafted loblolly pine AU - Jayawickrama, K. J. S. AU - McKeand, Steven AU - Jett, J. B. T2 - Canadian Journal of Forest Research DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// DO - 10.1139/cjfr-27-11-1781 VL - 27 IS - 11 SP - 1781–1787 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Relapsing bacteremia after blood transmission of Bartonella henselae to cats AU - Kordick, D. L. AU - Breitschwerdt, E. B. T2 - American Journal of Veterinary Research DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// VL - 58 IS - 5 SP - 492-497 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Light-regulated changes in abundance and polyribosome association of ferredoxin mRNA are dependent on photosynthesis AU - Petracek, M. E. AU - Dickey, L. F. AU - Huber, S. C. AU - Thompson, William T2 - Plant Cell DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// DO - 10.2307/3870586 VL - 9 IS - 12 SP - 2291–2300 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Implementing clonal forestry in the southeastern United States: Srieg satellite workshop summary remarks AU - Stelzer, H. E. AU - Goldfarb, B. T2 - Canadian Journal of Forest Research AB - Fifty people from the forest genetics community participated in a 2-day workshop to identify and discuss issues concerning the implementation of clonal forestry in the southeastern United States. Consensus was that the most pressing issues fell into the general categories of biological and technological limitations, economics, and ecological and societal concerns. The key aspect of the biological barrier focused on the limitations imposed by the maturation of trees. Economic issues centered on the need for reliable estimates of costs and returns. Ecological and societal issues focused on the difficulty of quantifying ecological risk and the possibility that clonal forestry could be regulated based on perceived rather than actual risks. Discussions brought about the need for propagation scientists and forest geneticists to participate with other interested groups to determine the ecological and economic consequences of various deployment strategies. The information and confidence gained in these efforts should permit forest managers to move toward safe and effective implementation of clonal forestry. DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// DO - 10.1139/x96-200 VL - 27 IS - 3 SP - 442-446 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Epidemiologic evaluation of the risk factors associated with exposure and seroreactivity to Bartonella vinsonii in dogs AU - Pappalardo, B. L. AU - Correa, M. T. AU - York, C. C. AU - Peat, C. Y. AU - Breitschwerdt, E. B. T2 - American Journal of Veterinary Research DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// VL - 58 IS - 5 SP - 467-471 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of a live attenuated intranasal vaccine on latency and shedding of feline herpesvirus 1 in domestic cats AU - Weigler, BJ AU - Guy, JS AU - Nasisse, MP AU - Hancock, SI AU - Sherry, B T2 - ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY AB - A prospective study was conducted that evaluated duration of virus shedding through acute and experimentally-induced recurrent disease episodes in 12 cats, and tissue distribution of latent infections, following intranasal vaccination with a temperature sensitive (ts) mutant strain of feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV1). Six of these cats were challenged with a virulent field strain of the agent to assess the extent to which vaccination affected subsequent shedding of virus and the establishment of latent infections. Virus isolation (VI) tests were done in parallel with a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to compare the performance of each diagnostic method. The PCR confirmed that all 12 cats shed virus throughout the periods of vaccination, challenge or mock-challenge, and a cyclophosphamide-dexamethasone stress protocol to reactivate latent infections. Shedding to the tsFHV1 was documented by VI for up to 25 days following vaccination and for up to 15 days following challenge, but not after experimental stress. Overall, FHV1 was present in 144 of 300 (48%) cat-days of testing by PCR compared to 32 of 300 (11%) by VI. The frequency and distribution of latent FHV1 detected in neurologic, ophthalmic, and other tissues by PCR were identical for vaccine-only and vaccine-challenge groups, thereby disproving previous hypotheses that tsFHV1 mutants administered by this route protect against latency. DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// DO - 10.1007/s007050050250 VL - 142 IS - 12 SP - 2389-2400 SN - 0304-8608 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparative analysis of BiP gene expression in maize endosperm AU - Wrobel, RL AU - OBrian, GR AU - Boston, RS T2 - GENE AB - Binding protein (BiP) is the endoplasmic reticulum member of the highly conserved HSP70 (heat shock protein 70) family of molecular chaperones. We have isolated and characterized two different BiP cDNA clones corresponding to genes expressed in immature kernels. These two cDNAs share extensive sequence similarity but map to unlinked loci in the maize genome. A comparison of the aa sequences predicted from the cDNA clones revealed only six aa differences between them. Investigation of gene-specific expression was carried out by RNA gel blot analysis. RNAs corresponding to both cDNA clones were present in increased amounts in the endosperm of floury-2 (fl2), Mucronate (Mc) and Defective endosperm-B30 (De*-B30) maize mutants, which produce abnormal storage proteins. Similar increases in RNAs corresponding to both probes were detected in cells treated with either of two agents that interfere with protein folding, azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (AZC) and tunicamycin. Investigation of the genomic complexity of the BiP genes by Southern blot analysis revealed several cross-hybridizing bands. These results are suggestive that the BiP genes expressed in endosperm are coordinately regulated members of a more complex maize BiP multigene family. DA - 1997/12/19/ PY - 1997/12/19/ DO - 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00529-5 VL - 204 IS - 1-2 SP - 105-113 SN - 0378-1119 KW - molecular chaperone KW - floury-2 KW - GRP78 KW - HSP70 KW - b-70 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Accumulation of transposable elements in laboratory lines of Drosophila melanogaster AU - Nuzhdin, SV AU - Pasyukova, EG AU - Mackay, TFC T2 - GENETICA DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// DO - 10.1023/A:1018381512384 VL - 100 IS - 1-3 SP - 167-175 SN - 1573-6857 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The MADS-box floral homeotic gene lineages predate the origin of seed plants: Phylogenetic and molecular clock estimates AU - Purugganan, MD T2 - JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EVOLUTION DA - 1997/10// PY - 1997/10// DO - 10.1007/PL00006244 VL - 45 IS - 4 SP - 392-396 SN - 1432-1432 KW - floral homeotic genes KW - flowers KW - development KW - evolution KW - MADS-box ER - TY - JOUR TI - Suppression of Phytophthora blight in bell pepper by a no-till wheat cover crop AU - Ristaino, JB AU - Parra, G AU - Campbell, CL T2 - PHYTOPATHOLOGY AB - Four mechanisms of dispersal of propagules of Phytophthora capsici were investigated through modifications in cultural practices and fungicide applications in field plots of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum). Dispersal of soil inoculum was suppressed, and final incidence of disease was 2.5 to 43% when stubble from a fall-sown, no-till, wheat cover crop was present. Final disease incidence was 71 to 72% and pathogen spread occurred within and across rows when all dispersal mechanisms were operative in plots of pepper planted into bare soil. Final disease incidence was 42 to 78% with black plastic mulch when a sporulating pepper fruit placed on the surface served as the source of initial inoculum. The fungicide metalaxyl applied in the irrigation system did not suppress within-row spread of surface inoculum from a sporulating fruit on plastic, but did limit across-row spread; final disease incidence in metalaxyl-treated plots was 11.5 to 14%. Pathogen dispersal mechanisms were modified most dramatically by the no-till cropping system. Thus, simple changes in cultural practices can have dramatic effects on the development of Phytophthora epidemics. Ecologically based disease management strategies have the potential to reduce our reliance on agrichemicals in this and similar pathosystems. DA - 1997/3// PY - 1997/3// DO - 10.1094/PHYTO.1997.87.3.242 VL - 87 IS - 3 SP - 242-249 SN - 0031-949X UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0030897937&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - epidemiology KW - sustainable agriculture ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sugar repression of mannitol dehydrogenase activity in celery cells AU - Prata, RTN AU - Williamson, JD AU - Conkling, MA AU - Pharr, DM T2 - PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AB - Abstract We present evidence that the activity of the mannitol-catabolizing enzyme mannitol dehydrogenase (MTD) is repressed by sugars in cultured celery (Apium graveolens L.) cells. Furthermore, this sugar repression appears to be mediated by hexokinases (HKs) in a manner comparable to the reported sugar repression of photosynthetic genes. Glucose (Glc)-grown cell cultures expressed little MTD activity during active growth, but underwent a marked increase in MTD activity, protein, and RNA upon Glc starvation. Replenishment of Glc in the medium resulted in decreased MTD activity, protein, and RNA within 12 h. Addition of mannoheptulose, a competitive inhibitor of HK, derepressed MTD activity in Glc-grown cultures. In contrast, the addition of the sugar analog 2-deoxyglucose, which is phosphorylated by HK but not further metabolized, repressed MTD activity in mannitol-grown cultures. Collectively, these data suggest that HK and sugar phosphorylation are involved in signaling MTD repression. In vivo repression of MTD activity by galactose (Gal), which is not a substrate of HK, appeared to be an exception to this hypothesis. Further analyses, however, showed that the products of Gal catabolism, Glc and fructose, rather than Gal itself, were correlated with MTD repression. DA - 1997/5// PY - 1997/5// DO - 10.1104/pp.114.1.307 VL - 114 IS - 1 SP - 307-314 SN - 0032-0889 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Molecular cloning, expression and subcellular localization of a BiP homolog from rice endosperm tissue AU - Muench, DG AU - Wu, YJ AU - Zhang, YS AU - Li, , XX AU - Boston, RS AU - Okita, TW T2 - PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY AB - The ER luminal binding protein, BiP, has been linked to prolamine protein body formation in rice. To obtain further information on the possible role of this chaperone in protein body formation we have cloned and sequenced a BiP cDNA homolog from rice endosperm. The rice sequence is very similar to the maize BiP exhibiting 92% nu-cleotide identity and 96% deduced amino acid sequence identity in the coding region. Substantial amino acid sequence homology exists between rice BiP and BiP homo-logs from several other plant and animal species including long stretches of conservation through the amino-terminal ATPase domain. Considerable variation, however, is observed within the putative carboxy-terminal peptide-bind-ing domain between the plant and nonplant BiP sequences. A single band of approximately 2.4 kb was visible when RNA gel blots of total RNA purified from seed tissue were probed with radiolabeled rice BiP cDNA. This band increased in intensity during seed development up to 10 days after flowering, and then decreased gradually until seed maturity. Protein gel blots indicated that BiP polypeptide accumulation parallels that of the prolamine polypeptides throughout seed development. Immunocytochemical analysis demonstrated that BiP is localized in a non-stochastic fashion in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane complex of developing endosperm cells. It is abundant on the periphery of the protein inclusion body but not in the central portion of the protein body or in the cisternal ER membranes connecting the protein bodies. These data support a model which proposes that BiP associates with the newly synthesized prolamine polypeptide to facilitate its folding and assembly into a protein inclusion body, and is then recycled. DA - 1997/4// PY - 1997/4// DO - 10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a029183 VL - 38 IS - 4 SP - 404-412 SN - 0032-0781 KW - BiP-Endosperm KW - prolamine KW - protein body rice ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mapping quantitative trait loci with dominant and missing markers in various crosses from two inbred lines AU - Jiang, CJ AU - Zeng, ZB T2 - GENETICA DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// DO - 10.1023/A:1018394410659 VL - 101 IS - 1 SP - 47-58 SN - 0016-6707 KW - dominant markers KW - genetic mapping KW - Markov chain KW - missing data KW - quantitative trait loci ER - TY - JOUR TI - Expression of the Bacillus licheniformis PWD-1 keratinase gene in B-subtilis AU - Lin, X AU - Wong, SL AU - Miller, ES AU - Shih, JCH T2 - JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY AB - The kerA gene which encodes the enzyme keratinase was isolated from the feather-degrading bacterium Bacillus licheniformis PWD-1. The entire gene, including pre-, pro- and mature protein regions, was cloned with Pker, its own promoter, P43, the vegetative growth promoter, or the combination of P43-Pker into plasmid pUB18. Transformation of the protease-deficient strain B. subtilis DB104 with these plasmids generated transformant strains FDB-3, FDB-108 and FDB-29 respectively. All transformants expressed active keratinase in both feather and LB media, in contrast to PWD-1, in which kerA was repressed when grown in LB medium. With P43-Pker upstream of kerA, FDB-29 displayed the highest activity in feather medium. Production of keratinase in PWD-1 and transformants was further characterized when glucose or casamino acids were supplemented into the feather medium. These studies help understand the regulation of kerA expression and, in the long run, can help strain development and medium conditioning for the production of this industrially important keratinase. DA - 1997/8// PY - 1997/8// DO - 10.1038/sj.jim.2900440 VL - 19 IS - 2 SP - 134-138 SN - 0169-4146 KW - keratinase KW - gene cloning KW - gene expression KW - Bacilli ER - TY - JOUR TI - Efficacy of enrofloxacin or doxycycline for treatment of Bartonella henselae or Bartonella clarridgeiae infection in cats. AU - Kordick, D L AU - Papich, M G AU - Breitschwerdt, E B T2 - Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy AB - Enrofloxacin and doxycycline are antimicrobial agents used to treat bacterial diseases of cats. In vitro susceptibility data indicate that either drug should be effective against Bartonella species. In vivo efficacies of these drugs for eradication of chronic Bartonella henselae or Bartonella clarridgeiae infections were examined in 18 experimentally infected cats and 25 naturally exposed cats treated with enrofloxacin (22.7 mg given orally [PO] every 12 h [q12h] [14 days, n = 10; 28 days, n = 13]) or with doxycycline (25 mg PO q12h [14 days, n = 9; 28 days, n = 8]) or not treated (n = 3). Plasma drug concentrations were determined in experimental cats by high-performance liquid chromatography. Only 23 of 43 cats enrolled ultimately met inclusion criteria. Bacteremia was eliminated for 12 to 25 weeks posttreatment in four of seven cats receiving 14 days of enrofloxacin, five of seven cats receiving 28 days of enrofloxacin, one of six cats receiving 14 days of doxycycline, and one of two cats receiving 28 days of doxycycline. Defining a negative result by blood culture as treatment success may be erroneous; these results may reflect the insensitivity of blood culture or the relapsing nature of Bartonella bacteremia. Our results suggest that MICs obtained with axenic media do not predict antimicrobial activity against intracellular Bartonella, that a long treatment course is required to eliminate infection, and that duration of therapy correlates with pretreatment bacterial load. Given current concern about the development of antimicrobial resistance, we would reserve recommendation for treatment to cats owned by an immunocompromised individual or as an alternative to euthanasia of a pet. DA - 1997/11// PY - 1997/11// DO - 10.1128/aac.41.11.2448 VL - 41 IS - 11 SP - 2448-2455 J2 - Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. LA - en OP - SN - 0066-4804 1098-6596 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.41.11.2448 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of orbital ordering on electronic communication in multiporphyrin arrays AU - Strachan, JP AU - Gentemann, S AU - Seth, J AU - Kalsbeck, WA AU - Lindsey, JS AU - Holten, D AU - Bocian, DF T2 - JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY AB - The rational design of molecular photonic devices requires a thorough understanding of all factors affecting electronic communication among the various constituents. To explore how electronic factors mediate both excited- and ground-state electronic communication in multiporphyrin arrays, we have conducted a detailed static spectroscopic (absorption, fluorescence, resonance Raman, electron paramagnetic resonance), time-resolved spectroscopic (absorption, fluorescence), and electrochemical (cyclic and square-wave voltammetry, coulometry) study of tetraarylporphyrin dimers. The complexes investigated include both zinc-free base (ZnFb) and bis-Zn dimers in which the porphyrin constituents are linked via diphenylethyne groups at the meso positions. Comparison of dimeric arrays containing pentafluorophenyl groups at all nonlinking meso positions (F30ZnFbU and F30Zn2U) with nonfluorinated analogs (ZnFbU and Zn2U) directly probes the effects of electronic factors on intradimer communication. The major findings of the study are as follows: (1) Energy transfer from the photoexcited Zn porphyrin to the Fb porphyrin is the predominant excited-state reaction in F30ZnFbU, as is also the case for ZnFbU. Energy transfer primarily proceeds via a through-bond process mediated by the diarylethyne linker. Remarkably, the energy-transfer rate is 10 times slower in F30ZnFbU ((240 ps)-1) than in ZnFbU ((24 ps)-1), despite the fact that each has the same diphenylethyne linker. The attenuated energy-transfer rate in the former dimer is attributed to reduced Q-excited-state electronic coupling between the Zn and Fb porphyrins. (2) The rate of hole/electron hopping in the monooxidized bis-Zn complex, [F30Zn2U]+, is ∼10-fold slower than that for [Zn2U]+. The slower hole/electron hopping rate in the former dimer reflects strongly attenuated ground-state electronic coupling. The large attenuation in excited- and ground-state electronic communication observed for the fluorine-containing dimers is attributed to a diminution in the electron-exchange matrix elements that stems from stabilization of the a2u porphyrin orbital combined with changes in the electron-density distribution in this orbital. Stabilization of the porphyrin a2u orbital results in a switch in the HOMO from a2u in ZnFbU to a1u in F30ZnFbU. This orbital reversal diminishes the electron density at the peripheral positions where the linker is appended. Collectively, our studies clarify the origin of the different energy-transfer rates observed among various multiporphyrin arrays and exemplify the interconnected critical roles of a1u/a2u orbital ordering and linker position in the design of efficient molecular photonic devices. DA - 1997/11/19/ PY - 1997/11/19/ DO - 10.1021/ja971678q VL - 119 IS - 46 SP - 11191-11201 SN - 0002-7863 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of central metal ion (Mg, Zn) and solvent on singlet excited-state energy flow in porphyrin-based nanostructures AU - Li, FR AU - Gentemann, S AU - Kalsbeck, WA AU - Seth, J AU - Lindsey, JS AU - Holten, D AU - Bocian, DF T2 - JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AB - F. Li, S. Gentemann, William A. Kalsbeck, J. Seth, Jonathan S. Lindsey, D. Holten and David F. Bocian, J. Mater. Chem., 1997, 7, 1245 DOI: 10.1039/A700146K DA - 1997/7// PY - 1997/7// DO - 10.1039/a700146k VL - 7 IS - 7 SP - 1245-1262 SN - 1364-5501 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Developmental quantitative genetics, conditional epigenetic variability and growth in mice AU - Atchley, W. R. AU - Zhu, J. T2 - Genetics DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// VL - 147 IS - 2 SP - 765-776 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Date of earlywood-latewood transition in provenances and families of loblolly pine, and its relationship to growth phenology and juvenile wood specific gravity AU - Jayawickrama, KJS AU - McKeand, SE AU - Jett, JB AU - Wheeler, EA T2 - CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE AB - When grown together in plantations, fast-growing southern and coastal sources of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) often have lower wood specific gravity than northern and inland sources. This study investigated whether this phenomenon could be explained by a later transition to latewood, associated with a longer period of height growth, of the fast-growing sources. Seven to nine open-pollinated families, from each of four provenances, were grown at two locations in southwest Georgia. Tree cambia were wounded with a needle during summer and fall of the fifth and sixth growing seasons (1993 and 1994). The wounding was done to leave a mark in the xylem used later to determine whether earlywood or latewood was being produced at the time of wounding. Provenances were significantly different for the date of transition in 1994, with 22 days between the earliest and the latest. For most families, latewood transition followed height growth cessation in 1993, but preceded it in 1994. The date of latewood transition had a strong positive correlation (family mean basis across provenances) with the date of height growth cessation and a moderate negative correlation with specific gravity. Juvenile wood specific gravity had a weak (nonsignificant) negative correlation with annual height increment and a stronger negative correlation, significant in 1993, with diameter increment. Correlations within provenances were weak or close to zero. This study provided evidence for an association (especially at the provenance level) between a later cessation of height growth, a later transition to latewood, and lower specific gravity in 5- and 6-year-old trees. DA - 1997/8// PY - 1997/8// DO - 10.1139/x97-091 VL - 27 IS - 8 SP - 1245-1253 SN - 0045-5067 ER - TY - JOUR TI - An E-coli B mutation, rpoB5081, that prevents growth of phage T4 strains defective in host DNA degradation AU - Miller, Eric AU - Shih, G. C. AU - Chang, S. K. AU - Ballard, D. N. T2 - FEMS Microbiology Letters AB - An E. coli B Tab strain, EM121, was isolated that restricts T4 denA (DNA endonuclease II) mutants at 37 degrees C and above, but is permissive for wild-type T4 at all temperatures examined. At 42 degrees C, other mutants affected in nucleic acid metabolism (T4 dexA, regA and uvsW strains) are also restricted. Genetic analysis revealed that one mutation (rpoB5081) in the RNA polymerase beta subunit gene is sufficient for restricting all denA mutants. rpoB5081, together with a second linked mutation, is also required for restricting the other T4 mutants, rpoB5081 (P806S), previously shown to increase transcription termination in E. coli K-12, causes delayed synthesis of T4 late proteins and reduced DNA synthesis in denA infections. Thus, T4 DNA synthesis and gene expression are impaired by the rpoB5081 beta subunit when degradation of host DNA is reduced. Because the restricted T4 mutants are not readily distinguished from wild-type phage under typical plating conditions, EM121 is an important host for screening and mapping T4 denA mutations. DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// DO - 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb12760.x VL - 157 IS - 1 SP - 109–116 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A triggered-suicide system designed as a defense against bacteriophages AU - Djordjevic, GM AU - OSullivan, DJ AU - Walker, SA AU - Conkling, MA AU - Klaenhammer, TR T2 - JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY AB - A novel bacteriophage protection system for Lactococcus lactis based on a genetic trap, in which a strictly phage-inducible promoter isolated from the lytic phage phi31 is used to activate a bacterial suicide system after infection, was developed. The lethal gene of the suicide system consists of the three-gene restriction cassette LlaIR+, which is lethal across a wide range of gram-positive bacteria. The phage-inducible trigger promoter (phi31P) and the LlaIR+ restriction cassette were cloned in Escherichia coli on a high-copy-number replicon to generate pTRK414H. Restriction activity was not apparent in E. coli or L. lactis prior to phage infection. In phage challenges of L. lactis(pTRK414H) with phi31, the efficiency of plaquing was lowered to 10(-4) and accompanied by a fourfold reduction in burst size. Center-of-infection assays revealed that only 15% of infected cells released progeny phage. In addition to phage phi31, the phi31P/LlaIR+ suicide cassette also inhibited four phi31-derived recombinant phages at levels at least 10-fold greater than that of phi31. The phi31P/LlaIR+-based suicide system is a genetically engineered form of abortive infection that traps and eliminates phages potentially evolving in fermentation environments by destroying the phage genome and killing the propagation host. This type of phage-triggered suicide system could be designed for any bacterium-phage combination, given a universal lethal gene and an inducible promoter which is triggered by the infecting bacteriophage. DA - 1997/11// PY - 1997/11// DO - 10.1128/jb.179.21.6741-6748.1997 VL - 179 IS - 21 SP - 6741-6748 SN - 0021-9193 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A defective signal peptide tethers the floury-2 zein to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane AU - Gillikin, JW AU - Zhang, F AU - Coleman, CE AU - Bass, HW AU - Larkins, BA AU - Boston, RS T2 - PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AB - Abstract The maize (Zea mays L.) floury-2 (fl2) mutation is associated with a general decrease in storage protein synthesis, altered protein body morphology, and the synthesis of a novel 24-kD α--zein storage protein. Unlike storage proteins in normal kernels and the majority of storage proteins in fl2 kernels, the 24-kD α--zein contains a signal peptide that would normally be removed during protein synthesis and processing. The expected processing site of this α--zein reveals a putative mutation alaine-&gt;valine (Ala-&gt;Val) that is not found at other junctions between signal sequences and mature proteins. To investigate the impact of such a mutation on signal peptide cleavage, we have assayed the 24-kD fl2 α--zein in a co-translational processing system in vitro. Translation of RNA from fl2 kernels or synthetic RNA encoding the fl2 α--zein in the presence of microsomes yielded a 24-kD polypeptide. A normal signal peptide sequence, generated by site-directed mutagenesis, restored the capacity of the RNA to direct synthesis of a properly processed protein in a cell-free system. Both the fl2 α--zein and the fl2 α--zein (Val-&gt;Ala) were translocated into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. The processed fl2 α--zein (Val-&gt;Ala) was localized in the soluble portion of the microsomes, whereas the fl2 α--zein co-fractionated with the microsomal membranes. By remaining anchored to protein body membranes during endosperm maturation, the fl2 zein may thus constrain storage protein packing and perturb protein body morphology. DA - 1997/5// PY - 1997/5// DO - 10.1104/pp.114.1.345 VL - 114 IS - 1 SP - 345-352 SN - 0032-0889 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Transfer of disease resistance genes from Triticum araraticum to common wheat AU - Brown-Guedira, G. L. AU - Gill, B. S. AU - Cox, T. S. AU - Leath, S. T2 - Plant Breeding DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// VL - 116 IS - 2 SP - 105-112 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Prednisolone at anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive dosages in conjunction with doxycycline does not potentiate the severity of Rickettsia rickettsii infection in dogs. AU - Breitschwerdt, E B AU - Davidson, M G AU - Hegarty, B C AU - Papich, M G AU - Grindem, C B T2 - Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy AB - Dogs were experimentally inoculated with Rickettsia rickettsii to determine if anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive dosages of prednisolone, when administered in conjunction with an antirickettsial antibiotic (doxycycline), induced therapeutically relevant pathophysiological consequences that ultimately influence disease outcome. Although the duration of rickettsemia was prolonged in dogs receiving immunosuppressive, but not anti-inflammatory, corticosteroids, concurrent administration of doxycycline and corticosteroids conferred no other detected detrimental effects. Treatment with doxycycline or doxycycline in conjunction with prednisolone resulted in decreased R. rickettsii-specific antibody titers; however, examination of appropriately timed acute- and convalescent-phase serum samples would have facilitated an accurate diagnosis of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) in all 16 dogs. We conclude that the concurrent use of anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive doses of prednisolone in conjunction with doxycycline, early in the course of experimental RMSF, confers no clinically relevant detrimental effects and that additional studies might be indicated to detect possible beneficial effects in cases of severe or potentially fulminant RMSF. However, because the illness induced in these dogs was of mild to moderate severity, the results of this study should definitely not be construed as supporting the safety or efficacy of prednisolone for treatment of severe canine or human RMSF. DA - 1997/1// PY - 1997/1// DO - 10.1128/aac.41.1.141 VL - 41 IS - 1 SP - 141-147 J2 - Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. LA - en OP - SN - 0066-4804 1098-6596 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.41.1.141 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Construction and characterization of a reovirus double temperature-sensitive mutant AU - Roner, MR AU - Nepliouev, I AU - Sherry, B AU - Joklik, WK T2 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AB - The infectious reovirus RNA system was used to construct a mutant with two temperature-sensitive (ts) lesions in genome segments M2 and S2, respectively. The double mutant is about 300 times more ts than either of its parents, which are about 1,500 and 170 times more ts than their wild-type parent reovirus ST3 strain Dearing. At 39°C the double mutant is essentially unable to multiply. In spite of its striking temperature sensitivity, the double mutant elicits the formation of significant amounts of neutralizing antibodies in newborn mice. Possible mechanisms responsible for this are discussed, as is the significance of this double ts mutant in relation to current searches for safe and efficient vaccine strains. DA - 1997/6/24/ PY - 1997/6/24/ DO - 10.1073/pnas.94.13.6826 VL - 94 IS - 13 SP - 6826-6830 SN - 0027-8424 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Codon bias and plasticity in immunoglobulins AU - Kepler, TB T2 - MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION AB - Immunoglobulin genes experience Darwinian evolution twice. In addition to the germline evolution all genes experience, immunoglobulins are subjected, upon exposure to antigen, to somatic hypermutation. This is accompanied by selection for high affinity to the eliciting antigen and frequently results in a significant increase in the specificity of the responding population. The hypermutation mechanism displays a strong sequence specificity. Thus arises the opportunity to manipulate codon bias in a site-specific manner so as to direct hypermutation to those parts of the gene that encode the antigen-binding portions of the molecule and away from those that encode the structurally conserved regions. This segregation of mutability would clearly be advantageous; it would enhance the generation of potentially useful variants while keeping mutational loss to acceptably low levels. But it is not clear that the advantage gained would be large enough to produce a measurable effect within the background stochasticity of the evolutionary process. I have performed a pair of statistical tests to determine whether site-specific codon bias in human immunoglobulin genes is correlated with the sequence specificity of the somatic mutation mechanism. The sequence specificity of the mutator was determined by analysis of a database of published immunoglobulin intron sequences that had experienced somatic mutation but not selection. The site-specific codon bias was determined by analysis of published sequences of human germline immunoglobulin V genes. Both tests strongly suggest that evolution has acted to enhance the plasticity of immunoglobulin genes under somatic hypermutation. DA - 1997/6// PY - 1997/6// DO - 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025803 VL - 14 IS - 6 SP - 637-643 SN - 0737-4038 KW - codon bias KW - immunoglobulin KW - somatic mutation KW - hypermutation KW - immunity ER - TY - JOUR TI - Beneficial effects of salts on an acid-catalyzed condensation leading to porphyrin formation AU - Li, FR AU - Yang, KX AU - Tyhonas, JS AU - MacCrum, KA AU - Lindsey, JS T2 - TETRAHEDRON AB - Addition of one of a variety of salts to the room temperature, two-step, one flask reaction at 0.1 M forming tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) gave yield increases of up to 2-fold. Among 21 insoluble salts, 12 gave increased yields, 6 had no effect, and 3 gave diminished yields. The salts that gave increases encompassed diverse cations but were restricted to the anions Cl−, Br−, I−, and Ph4B− while SO42−, F−, or BF4− did not give improved yields. All 7 soluble tetraalkylammonium or tetraphenylphosphonium salts (F−, Cl−, Ph4B−, PF6−, or HSO4− counterions) that were surveyed gave yield increases of > 1.5 fold. Thus a 10−1 M pyrrole-benzaldehyde condensation catalyzed with 10−2 M BF3·O(Et)2 in CH2Cl2 containing 0.1 equiv of NaCl (5.85 mg/10 mL CH2Cl2) or 0.0031 equiv of benzyltributylammonium chloride (Bu3BzlNCl) (based on [benzaldehyde]) gave ∼50% yield compared with ∼25% in the reaction without salt. The pyrrole-aldehyde condensation is much faster in the presence of salt, as measured by the rate of disappearance of benzaldehyde and the rate of formation of the porphyrin. Yield increases in the presence of salt were observed with catalysis by BF3·O(Et)2, BF3·2H2O, and CF3CO2H. Significant salt effects also were observed with BF3·O(Et)2 or CF3CO2H in the solvent diethyl ether, but the maximum yield was 15%. A survey of nine aldehydes showed yield improvements of up to 2-fold in six cases in the presence of salt. During the pyrrole-aldehyde reaction in CH2Cl2 either in the presence or absence of soluble salts, the medium becomes heterogeneous (measured by nephelometry). The addition of water to BF3·O(Et)2 in CH2Cl2 also yields a heterogeneous medium; in the presence of salt this medium affords twice the yield of porphyrin as that formed in the absence of salt. 11B NMR and 19F NMR experiments failed to unveil any new species formed by interaction of chloride-containing salts with BF3·O(Et)2. The complexity of the reaction medium, as well as insufficient information about the nature of the pyrrole-aldehyde condensation, preclude an assignment of mechanisms underlying the salt effects. However, a rank ordering of salts in the porphyrin reaction does not correlate with their desiccative power, and the generality of the salt effects is at odds with the selective anion templating of tetrapyrrolic macrocycles. Irreversible features of the pyrrole-aldehyde condensation have been identified via exchange experiments during the course of the reaction and 13C NMR labeling experiments. The improved reaction conditions can be used for preparative-scale syntheses, as 720 mg tetraphenylporphyrin (47% yield) was obtained from a 100 mL-scale reaction with 0.1 M reactants at room temperature. DA - 1997/9/15/ PY - 1997/9/15/ DO - 10.1016/S0040-4020(97)00770-9 VL - 53 IS - 37 SP - 12339-12360 SN - 0040-4020 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Abnormal lignin in a loblolly pine mutant AU - Ralph, J AU - MacKay, JJ AU - Hatfield, RD AU - OMalley, DM AU - Whetten, RW AU - Sederoff, RR T2 - SCIENCE AB - Novel lignin is formed in a mutant loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) severely depleted in cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.1.1.195), which converts coniferaldehyde to coniferyl alcohol, the primary lignin precursor in pines. Dihydroconiferyl alcohol, a monomer not normally associated with the lignin biosynthetic pathway, is the major component of the mutant's lignin, accounting for approximately 30 percent (versus approximately 3 percent in normal pine) of the units. The level of aldehydes, including new 2-methoxybenzaldehydes, is also increased. The mutant pines grew normally indicating that, even within a species, extensive variations in lignin composition need not disrupt the essential functions of lignin. DA - 1997/7/11/ PY - 1997/7/11/ DO - 10.1126/science.277.5323.235 VL - 277 IS - 5323 SP - 235-239 SN - 1095-9203 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A Retrospective Case-Control of Acute Renal Failure in 99 Dogs AU - Vaden, Shelly L. AU - Levine, Jay AU - Breitschwerdt, Edward B. T2 - Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine AB - The objective of this study was to evaluate retrospectively demographic and clinicopathologic factors that may be associated with the diagnosis and outcome of acute renal failure (ARF) in dogs presented to a large referral hospital. Medical records of dogs presented to the hospital were searched for a diagnosis of ARF. The diagnosis of ARF was based on clinical signs, renal imaging findings, and clinicopathologic data and, in most cases, was confirmed by histopathology, prior serum creatinine concentrations, response to therapy, and known recent nephrotoxin exposure or ischemic event. Demographics, selected clinicopathologic findings, and concurrent disorders that may have been associated with development of ARF were extracted from these records. A reference population was derived from 481 dogs presenting to the same hospital. Demographic data also were collected from these medical records. The demographic factors associated with a diagnosis of ARF and the factors associated with outcome of ARF were assessed by reviewing a series of multiple logistic regression models. Conclusions from this study were as follows: (1) Intact male dogs and nonsporting dogs were more likely to develop ARF and be admitted to the teaching hospital. (2) Dogs with severe azotemia (serum creatinine concentration > 10 mg/dL), hypocalcemia (<8.6 mg/ dL), and proteinuria were less likely to survive ARF and be discharged from the hospital. (3) Dogs that survived in the hospital for more than 5 days were more likely to recover and be discharged from the hospital. DA - 1997/3// PY - 1997/3// DO - 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1997.tb00074.x VL - 11 IS - 2 SP - 58-64 LA - en OP - SN - 0891-6640 1939-1676 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.1997.tb00074.x DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - The formation of intramolecular disulfide bridges is required for induction of the Sindbis virus mutant TS23 phenotype AU - Carleton, M. AU - Brown, D. T. T2 - Journal of Virology DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// VL - 71 IS - 10 SP - 7696-7703 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sustainable management of genetic resources AU - McKeand, S. AU - Svensson, J. T2 - Journal of Forestry DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// VL - 95 IS - 3 SP - 4-9 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genotypic stability effects on predicted family responses to silvicultural treatments in loblolly pine AU - McKeand, S. E. AU - Crook, R. P. AU - Allen, H. L. T2 - Southern Journal of Applied Forestry DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// VL - 21 IS - 2 SP - 84-89 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Promoter structure of the RNA polymerase II large subunit gene in caenorhabditis elegans and C. Briggsae AU - Bird, D.M. AU - Kaloshian, I. AU - Molinari, S. T2 - Journal of Nematology DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// VL - 29 IS - 2 SP - 144-152 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0030786968&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Molecular chaperone activity of er-resident proteins in seeds AU - Boston, R. S. AU - Gillikin, J. W. AU - Wrobel, R. L. AU - Zhang, F. T2 - Current Topics in Plant Biochemistry and Physiology DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// VL - 16 IS - 1997 SP - 3-4 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Functional domains of a geminivirus replication protein AU - Orozco, B. M. AU - Miller, A. B. AU - Settlage, S. B. AU - Hanley-Bowdoin, Linda T2 - Journal of Biological Chemistry AB - Tomato golden mosaic virus, a member of the geminivirus family, has a single-stranded DNA genome that is replicated and transcribed in infected plant cells through the concerted action of viral and host factors. One viral protein, AL1, contributes to both processes by binding to a directly repeated, double-stranded DNA sequence located in the overlapping (+) strand origin of replication and AL1 promoter. The AL1 protein, which occurs as a multimeric complex in solution, also catalyzes DNA cleavage during initiation of rolling circle replication. To identify the tomato golden mosaic virus AL1 domains that mediate protein oligomerization, DNA binding, and DNA cleavage, a series of truncated AL1 proteins were produced in a baculovirus expression system and assayed for each activity. These experiments localized the AL1 oligomerization domain between amino acids 121 and 181, the DNA binding domain between amino acids 1 and 181, and the DNA cleavage domain between amino acids 1 and 120. Deletion of the first 29 amino acids of AL1 abolished DNA binding and DNA cleavage, demonstrating that an intact N terminus is required for both activities. The observation that the DNA binding domain includes the oligomerization domain suggested that AL1-AL1 protein interaction may be a prerequisite for DNA binding but not for DNA cleavage. The significance of these results for AL1 function during geminivirus replication and transcription is discussed. Tomato golden mosaic virus, a member of the geminivirus family, has a single-stranded DNA genome that is replicated and transcribed in infected plant cells through the concerted action of viral and host factors. One viral protein, AL1, contributes to both processes by binding to a directly repeated, double-stranded DNA sequence located in the overlapping (+) strand origin of replication and AL1 promoter. The AL1 protein, which occurs as a multimeric complex in solution, also catalyzes DNA cleavage during initiation of rolling circle replication. To identify the tomato golden mosaic virus AL1 domains that mediate protein oligomerization, DNA binding, and DNA cleavage, a series of truncated AL1 proteins were produced in a baculovirus expression system and assayed for each activity. These experiments localized the AL1 oligomerization domain between amino acids 121 and 181, the DNA binding domain between amino acids 1 and 181, and the DNA cleavage domain between amino acids 1 and 120. Deletion of the first 29 amino acids of AL1 abolished DNA binding and DNA cleavage, demonstrating that an intact N terminus is required for both activities. The observation that the DNA binding domain includes the oligomerization domain suggested that AL1-AL1 protein interaction may be a prerequisite for DNA binding but not for DNA cleavage. The significance of these results for AL1 function during geminivirus replication and transcription is discussed. DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// DO - 10.1074/jbc.272.15.9840 VL - 272 IS - 15 SP - 9840–9846 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Voronoi diagrams of random lines and flats AU - Dwyer, R. A. T2 - Discrete and Computational Geometry DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// VL - 17 IS - 2 SP - 123-136 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The ribonuclease P database AU - Brown, JW T2 - NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH AB - Ribonuclease P is responsible for the removal of leader sequences from tRNA precursors. Ribonuclease P is a ribonucleoprotein, and in bacteria the RNA subunit alone is catalytically active in vitro, i.e. it is a ribozyme. The Ribonuclease P Database is a compilation of ribonuclease P sequences, sequence alignments, secondary structures, three-dimensional models, and accessory information, available via the World Wide Web. DA - 1997/1/1/ PY - 1997/1/1/ DO - 10.1093/nar/25.1.263 VL - 25 IS - 1 SP - 263-264 SN - 0305-1048 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The rights of humans and other animals AU - Regan, T. H. T2 - Ethics and Behavior DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// VL - 7 IS - 2 SP - 103-111 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Teaching computational abstract algebra AU - Kaltofen, E T2 - JOURNAL OF SYMBOLIC COMPUTATION AB - We report on the contents and pedagogy of a course in abstract algebra that was taught with the aid of educational software developed within the Mathematica system. We describe the topics covered and the didactical use of the corresponding Mathematica packages, as well as draw conclusions for future such courses from the students' comments and our own experience. DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// DO - 10.1006/jsco.1996.0104 VL - 23 IS - 5-6 SP - 503-515 SN - 0747-7171 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Registration of 'Rodgers' oat AU - Murphy, JP AU - Navarro, RA AU - Leath, S AU - Murphy, CF AU - Bowman, DT T2 - CROP SCIENCE AB - Crop ScienceVolume 37, Issue 3 cropsci1997.0011183X003700030073x p. 1017-1017 Registration of Cultivars Registration of ‘Rodgers’ Oat J. P. Murphy, Corresponding Author J. P. Murphy [email protected] Dep. of Crop ScienceCorresponding author ([email protected]).Search for more papers by this authorR. A. Navarro, R. A. Navarro Dep. of Crop ScienceSearch for more papers by this authorS. Leath, S. Leath USDA-ARS and Dep. of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7629Search for more papers by this authorC. F. Murphy, C. F. Murphy USDA-ARS, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD, 20705Search for more papers by this authorD. T. Bowman, D. T. Bowman Dep. of Crop ScienceSearch for more papers by this author J. P. Murphy, Corresponding Author J. P. Murphy [email protected] Dep. of Crop ScienceCorresponding author ([email protected]).Search for more papers by this authorR. A. Navarro, R. A. Navarro Dep. of Crop ScienceSearch for more papers by this authorS. Leath, S. Leath USDA-ARS and Dep. of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7629Search for more papers by this authorC. F. Murphy, C. F. Murphy USDA-ARS, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD, 20705Search for more papers by this authorD. T. Bowman, D. T. Bowman Dep. of Crop ScienceSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 May 1997 https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700030073xCitations: 1AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume37, Issue3May–June 1997Pages 1017-1017 RelatedInformation DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// DO - 10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700030073x VL - 37 IS - 3 SP - 1017-1017 SN - 0011-183X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Molecular genetic analysis of brassinosteroid action AU - Clouse, SD T2 - PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM AB - Recent applications of molecular techniques to the study of brassinosteroid action have enhanced our understanding of these unique plant growth regulators. The cloning of genes regulated by brassinosteroids has revealed novel information on the control of gene expression by plant steroids and has extended our knowledge of brassinosteroid‐promoted cell expansion. The analysis of brassinosteroid‐deficient and brassinosteroid‐insensitive mutants has implicated these growth regulators in a number of essential developmental programs including organ elongation, leaf development, photomorphogenesis, fertility, apical dominance and vascular differentiation. DA - 1997/7// PY - 1997/7// DO - 10.1111/j.1399-3054.1997.tb03077.x VL - 100 IS - 3 SP - 702-709 SN - 1399-3054 KW - Arabidopsis thaliana KW - brassinosteroid KW - elongation KW - hormone-deficient mutant KW - hormone-insensitive mutant KW - xyloglucan endotransglycosylase ER - TY - JOUR TI - A Drosophila muscle-specific gene related to the mouse quaking locus AU - Fyrberg, C AU - Becker, J AU - Barthmaier, P AU - Mahaffey, J AU - Fyrberg, E T2 - GENE AB - We have characterized a novel muscle-specific gene of Drosophila melanogaster, defined by enhancer trap strain 24B of Brand and Perrimon (1993). We show that transcripts of the gene accumulate within presumptive mesoderm and persist within developing muscles, strongly suggesting that the encoded protein is involved in muscle cell determination and differentiation. cDNA sequences reveal that the Drosophila protein is similar to quaking (64% identity over 210 amino acids), a protein essential for mouse embryogenesis, and gld-1 (53% identity over 162 amino acids) a germ-line-specific tumor suppressing protein of the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans. We demonstrate that the Drosophila gene resides within the 93F chromosome subdivision, and describe its physical map. Finally, we have used the gene, which we have named quaking-related 93F (qkr93F), to identify a family of closely related KH domains. DA - 1997/9/15/ PY - 1997/9/15/ DO - 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00278-3 VL - 197 IS - 1-2 SP - 315-323 SN - 0378-1119 KW - muscle KW - mesoderm KW - Drosophila genetics KW - nucleic acid binding protein KW - KH domain ER -