TY - JOUR TI - The Amino-Terminal Region of Drosophila MSL1 Contains Basic, Glycine-Rich, and Leucine Zipper-Like Motifs That Promote X Chromosome Binding, Self-Association, and MSL2 Binding, Respectively AU - Li, Fang AU - Parry, David A. D. AU - Scott, Maxwell J. T2 - Molecular and Cellular Biology AB - In Drosophila melanogaster, X chromosome dosage compensation is achieved by doubling the transcription of most X-linked genes. The male-specific lethal (MSL) complex is required for this process and binds to hundreds of sites on the male X chromosome. The MSL1 protein is essential for X chromosome binding and serves as a central scaffold for MSL complex assembly. We find that the amino-terminal region of MSL1 binds to hundreds of sites on the X chromosome in normal males but only to approximately 30 high-affinity sites in the absence of endogenous MSL1. Binding to the high-affinity sites requires a basic motif at the amino terminus that is conserved among Drosophila species. X chromosome binding also requires a conserved leucine zipper-like motif that binds to MSL2. A glycine-rich motif between the basic and leucine-zipper-like motifs mediates MSL1 self-association in vitro and binding of the amino-terminal region of MSL1 to the MSL complex assembled on the male X chromosome. We propose that the basic region may mediate DNA binding and that the glycine-rich region may promote the association of MSL complexes to closely adjacent sites on the X chromosome. DA - 2005/10/1/ PY - 2005/10/1/ DO - 10.1128/MCB.25.20.8913-8924.2005 VL - 25 IS - 20 SP - 8913-8924 J2 - Molecular and Cellular Biology LA - en OP - SN - 1098-5549 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/MCB.25.20.8913-8924.2005 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Organisation and Expression of a Cluster of Female-specific Genes in the Australian Sheep Blowfly, Lucilia cuprina AU - Scott, MJ AU - Sarkar, A AU - Belikoff, EJ T2 - Area-Wide Control of Insect Pests DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// ER - TY - CONF TI - “Write Things Worth Reading, Or Do Things Worth The Writing:” A Dual Degree Program In Engineering And The Liberal Arts AU - Lavelle, Jerome AU - Herkert, Joseph AB - Abstract NOTE: The first page of text has been automatically extracted and included below in lieu of an abstract Session 2161 “Write things worth reading, or do things worth the writing:” A dual-degree program in engineering and the liberal arts Joseph R. Herkert, Jerome P. Lavelle North Carolina State University If you would not be forgotten, as soon as you are dead & rotten, either write things worth reading, or do things worth the writing. --Benjamin Franklin I. Introduction In recent years, much has been written about the role of liberal education in engineering, especially in light of Engineering Criteria 2000 (EC 2000) of the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) (for example, see [1,2]). While some attention has been focused on traditional three-two programs or Bachelors/Masters Programs, little has been focused on dual degree programs in engineering and non-technical fields. In this paper we present a status report on the Benjamin Franklin Scholars (BFS) Dual-Degree Program now in its fifteenth year of operation at North Carolina State University. Students in the program earn a Bachelor of Science degree in engineering or computer science from the College of Engineering, and a Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science degree from the College of Humanities and Social Sciences. Students may elect second majors in traditional academic departments such as English, History, Political Science, and Anthropology, or pursue interdisciplinary majors in Arts Applications, Science, Technology, and Society, or a self-designed option in Multidisciplinary Studies. In addition, all students enroll in a series of three courses that illustrate the mutual interaction of engineering and society in the areas of contemporary human values, ethical dimensions of progress, and technology assessment and policy. Through the first ten cohorts of graduates, more than seventy-five students have completed the program and gone on to careers in business, industry, and government, or to graduate and professional study in engineering, computer science, medicine, law, and public policy. In addition to providing details of the Program’s curriculum and course offerings, we discuss co- curricular activities that have proven vital to the success of the Program, including social, professional, and service events conducted by the Franklin Student Council, and program recognition of outstanding students on the basis of academic achievement and community service. We also focus on the nuts-and-bolts of running the program including program administration; funding for scholarships, faculty support, and co-curricular activities; and student recruitment, selection, and advising. We report on program retention rates and placement of students following graduation, and conclude with discussion of ongoing challenges. Proceedings of the 2005 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright 2005, American Society for Engineering Education C2 - 2005/// C3 - 2005 Annual Conference Proceedings DA - 2005/// DO - 10.18260/1-2--15374 SP - 16015-16028 PB - ASEE Conferences UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.18260/1-2--15374 ER - TY - CONF TI - "Write things worth reading, or do things worth the writing:" A dual-degree program in engineering and the liberal arts AU - Herkert, J.R. AU - Lavelle, J.P. C2 - 2005/// C3 - ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings DA - 2005/// SP - 16015-16028 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-22544460519&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CHAP TI - Deprivatization at Work: Mediating Technologies of Writing Review AU - Swarts, J. T2 - Toward Deprivatized Pedagogy A2 - Nugent, Margaret A2 - Bell, Diana PY - 2005/// SP - 181–195 PB - Hampton ER - TY - CHAP TI - Teaching and Learning a Multimodal Genre in a Psychology Course PY - 2005/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Strong Community Partnership to Address Truancy: Evaluation Goals for Project THRIVE AU - Berry-James, R.M. T2 - Ohio Prevention and Education Conference (OPEC) C2 - 2005/11/18/ CY - Columbus, OH DA - 2005/11/18/ PY - 2005/11/18/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Diversity in Academia Seminar: Framing an Academic Identity and Publishing, Teaching, Resource Development, and Community Outreach AU - Berry, R.M. T2 - American Society for Public Administration 66th National Conference C2 - 2005/4/2/ CY - Milwaukee, WI DA - 2005/4/2/ PY - 2005/4/2/ ER - TY - CHAP TI - An Office Romance AU - Berry, R.M. T2 - Global Public Management: Cases and Comments A2 - Olshfski, Eds D. A2 - Callahan, K. A2 - Schwella, E. PY - 2005/// SP - 48–51 PB - Sage SN - 9780761927969 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Project THRIVE (Truancy Habits Reduced, Interventions via Education) Evaluation Report SY 2004-2005 AU - Berry-James, R.M. A3 - Community Health Center – Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention DA - 2005/8// PY - 2005/8// M3 - Research Monograph PB - Community Health Center – Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention ER - TY - RPRT TI - Second Year Evaluation of Gate House Program (for Minorities Living with HIV/AIDS) – September 29, 2003 – September 30, 2004 AU - Berry-James, R.M. A3 - SAMHSA/Center for Substance Abuse Treatment/Community Health Center DA - 2005/3// PY - 2005/3// M3 - Research Monograph PB - SAMHSA/Center for Substance Abuse Treatment/Community Health Center ER - TY - RPRT TI - Joy Dance Evaluation – July 2004 to June 2005 AU - Berry-James, R.M. A3 - Community Health Center – Summit County Department of Job and Family Services DA - 2005/7// PY - 2005/7// M3 - Research Monograph PB - Community Health Center – Summit County Department of Job and Family Services ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comments on the Case Study - The Problem of Phase IV: A Case Study Analysis of Building a Society in Northern Iraq AU - Berry, R.M. T2 - Public Performance and Management Review DA - 2005/12// PY - 2005/12// VL - 29 IS - 2 SP - 246–248 ER - TY - CONF TI - Practicing Scientific Dissent AU - Howard, J. AU - Durant, D. AU - Delborne, Jason T2 - Annual Meetings of the Society for Social Studies of Science C2 - 2005/10/21/ CY - 10 DA - 2005/10/21/ PY - 2005/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Pathways of Scientific Dissent in Agricultural Biotechnology AU - Delborne, J. T2 - Annual Meetings of the Society for Social Studies of Science C2 - 2005/10/21/ CY - Pasadena, CA DA - 2005/10/21/ PY - 2005/10/21/ ER - TY - CHAP TI - Trust-Based Secure Workflow Path Construction AU - Altunay, M. AU - Brown, D. AU - Byrd, G. AU - Dean, R. T2 - Service-Oriented Computing – ICSOC 2007 A2 - Benatallah, B. A2 - Casati, F. A2 - Traverso, P. T3 - Lecture Notes in Computer Science AB - Security and trust relationships between services significantly govern their willingness to collaborate and participate in a workflow. Existing workflow tools do not consider such relationships as an integral part of their planning logic: rather, they approach security as a run-time issue. We present a workflow management framework that fully integrates trust and security into the workflow planning logic. It considers not only trust relationships between the workflow requestor and individual services, but also trust relationships among the services themselves. It allows each service owner to define an upper layer of collaboration policies (rules that specify the terms under which participation in a workflow is allowed) and integrates them into the planning logic. Services that are unfit for collaboration due to security violations are replaced at the planning stage. This approach increases the services owners’ control over the workflow path, their willingness for collaboration, and avoids run-time security failures. PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1007/11596141_29 SP - 382–395 PB - Springer Berlin Heidelberg SN - 9783540749738 9783540749745 SV - 3826 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11596141_29 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Potential for violence against teenage retail workers in the United States AU - Runyan, Carol W. AU - Bowling, J. Michael AU - Schulman, Michael AU - Gallagher, Susan Scavo T2 - Journal of Adolescent Health AB - Purpose To examine the working conditions of teenagers in five sites, examining the presence of factors associated with workplace violence and considering workers’ concerns about safety and training to deal with violent circumstances. Methods Teenage workers, aged 14–17 years, with employment experience in retail industries in five sites (North Carolina; Brockton, Massachusetts; Los Angeles, California; Oakland, California; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) were questioned. Data in North Carolina were collected by telephone interview. Parallel data from the other sites were obtained using self-administered questionnaires in schools. Results Teenage retail workers report experiences that include working alone, at night, and/or without supervisors present. Training about angry customers, robbery, and sexual harassment is less than complete. Yet, teenage retail workers express few concerns about safety. Conclusions Most teenagers work while attending high school, with over half employed in the retail trades. Those working in retail experience higher rates of workplace violence than other workers, mostly during robberies. Working alone and at night are risk factors for violent victimization. Findings indicate areas of potential improvement in child labor practices, particularly with respect to training and supervision. DA - 2005/3// PY - 2005/3// DO - 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2004.07.006 VL - 36 IS - 3 SP - 267.e1-267.e5 J2 - Journal of Adolescent Health LA - en OP - SN - 1054-139X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2004.07.006 DB - Crossref ER - TY - RPRT TI - The Global Climate and Economic Development A3 - Center for Science, Technology, and Public Policy. Humphrey Institute DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// PB - Center for Science, Technology, and Public Policy. Humphrey Institute ER - TY - JOUR TI - A comparison of learning with haptic and visual modalities AU - Jones, M. AU - Bokinsky, A. AU - Tretter, T. AU - Negishi, A. T2 - Haptics-e The Electronic Journal of Haptics Research DA - 2005/5/3/ PY - 2005/5/3/ VL - 3 IS - 6 UR - http://hdl.handle.net/1773/34891 ER - TY - JOUR TI - It’s a small world after all: Exploring nanotechnology in our clothes AU - Jones, M.G. AU - Broadwell, B. AU - Falvo, M. AU - Minogue, J. AU - Oppewal, T. T2 - Science and Children DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 43 IS - 2 SP - 44–46 ER - TY - RPRT TI - The Nanotechnology-Biology Interface: Exploring Models for Oversight A3 - Center for Science, Technology, and Public Policy, University of Minnesota DA - 2005/9/15/ PY - 2005/9/15/ M3 - Workshop Report PB - Center for Science, Technology, and Public Policy, University of Minnesota ER - TY - RPRT TI - Global Challenges and Biotechnology AU - Kuzma, J. DA - 2005/10// PY - 2005/10// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Gravity and light: integrating transcriptional regulation in roots. AU - Salinas-Mondragon, R. AU - Brogan, A. AU - Ward, N. AU - Perera, I. AU - Boss, W. AU - Brown, C.S. AU - Sederoff, H.W. T2 - Gravitational and space biology bulletin : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 18 IS - 2 SP - 121-122 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-24944540197&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Co-expression and hormonal regulation of genes in response to gravity and mechanical stimulation in the Arabidopsis root apex. AU - Kimbrough, J.M. AU - Brown, C.S. AU - Sederoff, H.W. T2 - Gravitational and space biology bulletin : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 18 IS - 2 SP - 117-118 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-26944462406&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CHAP TI - Designing premises AU - Goodwin, Jean T2 - Argumentation in practice A2 - Eemeren, F.H. A2 - Houtlosser, P. PY - 2005/// SP - 99–114 PB - Benjamins ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impact of urine preservation methods and duration of storage on measured levels of environmental contaminants AU - Hoppin, Jane A AU - Ulmer, Ross AU - Calafat, Antonia M AU - Barr, Dana B AU - Baker, Susan V AU - Meltzer, Helle M AU - Rønningen, Kjersti S T2 - Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology DA - 2005/7/6/ PY - 2005/7/6/ DO - 10.1038/sj.jea.7500435 VL - 16 IS - 1 SP - 39-48 J2 - J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol LA - en OP - SN - 1559-0631 1559-064X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jea.7500435 DB - Crossref KW - sample storage and shipment KW - cohort studies KW - analytical chemistry KW - urine ER - TY - CHAP TI - Visualization and Natural Control Systems for Microscopy AU - Taylor, Russell M. AU - Borland, David AU - Brooks, Frederick P. AU - Falvo, Mike AU - Jeffay, Kevin AU - Jones, Gail AU - Marshburn, David AU - Papadakis, Stergios J. AU - Qin, Lu Chang AU - Seeger, Adam AU - Smith, F. Donelson AU - Sonnenwald, Dianne AU - Superfine, Richard AU - Washburn, Sean AU - Weigle, Chris AU - Whitton, Mary AU - Vicci, Leandra AU - Guthold, Martin AU - Hudson, Tom AU - Williams, Phillip AU - Robinett, Warren T2 - Visualization Handbook A2 - Hansen, Charles D. A2 - Johnson, Chris R. AB - This chapter presents these microscope systems, along with brief descriptions of the science experiments driving the development of each system. Beginning with a discussion of the philosophy that has driven the Nanoscale Science Research Group (NSRG) and the methods used, the chapter describes the lessons learned during system development, including both useful directions and blind alleys. The first lesson is to begin software development at least as soon as hardware development. The second lesson is to partner with experts in required technologies. The NSRG attempts to use the best available computer technology to develop effective systems for use by the physical science team, which then become cost-effective and can be deployed on widely available hardware as technology marches on. The chapter also describes techniques to enable telemicroscopy in the context of remote experiments and outreach. PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1016/b978-012387582-2/50048-4 SP - 893–918 PB - Elsevier SN - 9780123875822 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-012387582-2/50048-4 ER - TY - JOUR TI - What Does Arguing Look Like? AU - Goodwin, Jean T2 - Informal Logic DA - 2005/1/1/ PY - 2005/1/1/ DO - 10.22329/il.v25i1.1046 VL - 25 IS - 1 J2 - IL OP - SN - 0824-2577 0824-2577 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/il.v25i1.1046 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Public Sphere and the Norms of Transactional Argument AU - Goodwin, Jean T2 - Informal Logic AB - An outsider to argument theory, should she look through the rich outpouring of our recent work, might be amused to find us theorists not following our own prescriptions. We propound our ideas, but we don't always interact with each other--we don't argue. The essays by William Rehg and Robert Asen make promising start on rectifying this difficulty. I want to discuss them, first, to show how they acknowledge in exemplary fashion a pair of challenges I think we should all be addressing; and next to consider their specific responses. DA - 2005/1/1/ PY - 2005/1/1/ DO - 10.22329/il.v25i2.1117 VL - 25 IS - 2 J2 - IL OP - SN - 0824-2577 0824-2577 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/il.v25i2.1117 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - More Than Clocks and Calendars: The Construction of Timekeepers by Eleven Kindergarten Children in Mexico and the United States AU - Hardin, Belinda J. AU - Jones, M. Gail AU - Figueras, Olimpia T2 - Journal of Research in Childhood Education AB - Abstract The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate timekeeping constructs of 4- and 5-year-old children in Campeche, Mexico, and North Carolina, United States, as well as the sociocultural conditions that shaped changes in their ideas about timekeeping (methods to mark and measure time) before, during, and after their kindergarten year. Eleven children constituted the case studies. The children entered public school kindergarten during the fall of the research period and had no prior long-term institutional experience, such as preschool or child care. Data were collected in three phases over the course of one year through: 1) semi-structured interviews with children, parents, teachers, and education administrators; 2) semi-structured activities with children, including drawings of time-related objects and concepts, verbal descriptions of time-related photographic images from the home and classroom, and problem-solving constructions; 3) observational field notes of the homes, communities, schools, and physical surroundings with a special emphasis on time indicators; 4) classroom observations; 5) the completion of a classroom environmental rating scale focused on time; and 6) a review of national, state, and local education policies affecting time in public schools. Data were analyzed within and across cases, sites, and phases to look for commonalities and differences in the children's timekeeping constructs. Three methods for marking and measuring time emerged from the data: biological, environmental, and conventional timekeepers. Each of these timekeeping methods proved to be relative to individual children, as well as replete with common features across cultural, geographical, and biological boundaries. Environmental cues and activities not ordinarily considered timekeepers proved to be more temporally significant than anticipated, and formal school instruction was sometimes out of step with home and community practices. The results of this research suggest that many critical ideas about timekeeping change during a child's first year of formal schooling as children learn to adhere to external schedules, which may constrain or enhance their ability to fully engage in school activities. DA - 2005/3// PY - 2005/3// DO - 10.1080/02568540509595067 VL - 19 IS - 3 SP - 223-241 J2 - Journal of Research in Childhood Education LA - en OP - SN - 0256-8543 2150-2641 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02568540509595067 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Feasibility of using subject-collected dust samples in epidemiological and clinical studies of indoor allergens AU - Sever, M. AU - Arbes, S.J., Jr. AU - Vaughn, B. AU - Mehta, J. AU - Lynch, J.T. AU - Mitchell, H. AU - Hoppin, J.A. AU - Spencer, H.L., Jr. AU - Sandler, D.P. AU - Zeldin, D.C. T2 - Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology AB - BACKgrOUND: Epidemiological and clinical studies of indoor allergen exposures are often limited by the cost of having trained technicians make home visits. Objectives: The objectives were to compare allergen concentrations and dust weights between subject- and technician-collected samples and to examine the return rate in a group of subjects who agreed to collect a sample and return it by mail.METHODS: One hundred-two subjects volunteered to collect a combined dust sample from a bed and bedroom floor and allow a trained technician to collect a side-by-side sample later the same day. Each subject was mailed written instructions, a questionnaire and a dust collector to use with his/her own vacuum cleaner. Dust samples were weighed and analyzed for cat (Fel d 1) and dust mite (Der p 1) allergens. Fifty additional subjects were mailed collection packages and asked to return a dust sample and questionnaire by mail.RESULTS: Correlations between subject- and technician-collected samples were strong for concentrations of Fel d 1 (r = .88) and Der p 1 (r = .87). With concentrations dichotomized at lower limits of detection and clinically relevant thresholds, agreement between methods ranged from 91 to 98%. Although dust weights were correlated (r = .48, P < .001), subjects tended to collect lighter samples. Among the group of 50 subjects, 46 returned a dust sample and a completed questionnaire.CONCLUSIONS: With some limitations, subject-collected dust sampling appears to be a valid and practical option for epidemiological and clinical studies that report allergen concentration as a measure of exposure. BACKgrOUND: Epidemiological and clinical studies of indoor allergen exposures are often limited by the cost of having trained technicians make home visits. Objectives: The objectives were to compare allergen concentrations and dust weights between subject- and technician-collected samples and to examine the return rate in a group of subjects who agreed to collect a sample and return it by mail. METHODS: One hundred-two subjects volunteered to collect a combined dust sample from a bed and bedroom floor and allow a trained technician to collect a side-by-side sample later the same day. Each subject was mailed written instructions, a questionnaire and a dust collector to use with his/her own vacuum cleaner. Dust samples were weighed and analyzed for cat (Fel d 1) and dust mite (Der p 1) allergens. Fifty additional subjects were mailed collection packages and asked to return a dust sample and questionnaire by mail. RESULTS: Correlations between subject- and technician-collected samples were strong for concentrations of Fel d 1 (r = .88) and Der p 1 (r = .87). With concentrations dichotomized at lower limits of detection and clinically relevant thresholds, agreement between methods ranged from 91 to 98%. Although dust weights were correlated (r = .48, P < .001), subjects tended to collect lighter samples. Among the group of 50 subjects, 46 returned a dust sample and a completed questionnaire. CONCLUSIONS: With some limitations, subject-collected dust sampling appears to be a valid and practical option for epidemiological and clinical studies that report allergen concentration as a measure of exposure. DA - 2005/2// PY - 2005/2// DO - 10.1016/j.jaci.2004.12.400 VL - 115 IS - 2 SP - S97 J2 - Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology LA - en OP - SN - 0091-6749 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2004.12.400 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Phytochrome-Specific Type 5 Phosphatase Controls Light Signal Flux by Enhancing Phytochrome Stability and Affinity for a Signal Transducer AU - Ryu, Jong Sang AU - Kim, Jeong-Il AU - Kunkel, Tim AU - Kim, Byung Chul AU - Cho, Dae Shik AU - Hong, Sung Hyun AU - Kim, Seong-Hee AU - Fernández, Aurora Piñas AU - Kim, Yumi AU - Alonso, Jose M. AU - Ecker, Joseph R. AU - Nagy, Ferenc AU - Lim, Pyung Ok AU - Song, Pill-Soon AU - Schäfer, Eberhard AU - Nam, Hong Gil T2 - Cell AB - Environmental light information such as quality, intensity, and duration in red (approximately 660 nm) and far-red (approximately 730 nm) wavelengths is perceived by phytochrome photoreceptors in plants, critically influencing almost all developmental strategies from germination to flowering. Phytochromes interconvert between red light-absorbing Pr and biologically functional far-red light-absorbing Pfr forms. To ensure optimal photoresponses in plants, the flux of light signal from Pfr-phytochromes should be tightly controlled. Phytochromes are phosphorylated at specific serine residues. We found that a type 5 protein phosphatase (PAPP5) specifically dephosphorylates biologically active Pfr-phytochromes and enhances phytochrome-mediated photoresponses. Depending on the specific serine residues dephosphorylated by PAPP5, phytochrome stability and affinity for a downstream signal transducer, NDPK2, were enhanced. Thus, phytochrome photoreceptors have developed an elaborate biochemical tuning mechanism for modulating the flux of light signal, employing variable phosphorylation states controlled by phosphorylation and PAPP5-mediated dephosphorylation as a mean to control phytochrome stability and affinity for downstream transducers. DA - 2005/2// PY - 2005/2// DO - 10.1016/j.cell.2004.12.019 VL - 120 IS - 3 SP - 395-406 J2 - Cell LA - en OP - SN - 0092-8674 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2004.12.019 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Thrips and tospoviruses come of age: Mapping determinants of insect transmission AU - Ullman, D. E. AU - Whitfield, A. E. AU - German, T. L. T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences AB - With advancements in stem cell technology, in vitro models using iPSC (induced pluripotent stem cells)-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CM) and engineered heart tissues (EHT) can serve as powerful tools for disease modeling and drug screening. ...Fluorescent reporters of cardiac electrophysiology provide valuable information on heart cell and tissue function. However, motion artifacts caused by cardiac muscle contraction interfere with accurate measurement of fluorescence signals. Although drugs ... DA - 2005/3/28/ PY - 2005/3/28/ DO - 10.1073/PNAS.0501341102 VL - 102 IS - 14 SP - 4931-4932 J2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences LA - en OP - SN - 0027-8424 1091-6490 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/PNAS.0501341102 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Tomato spotted wilt virus glycoprotein GC is cleaved at acidic pH AU - Whitfield, Anna E. AU - Ullman, Diane E. AU - German, Thomas L. T2 - Virus Research AB - Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is a plant-infecting member of the family Bunyaviridae. TSWV encodes two envelope glycoproteins, G(N) and G(C), which are required for virus infection of the arthropod vector. Other members of the Bunyaviridae enter host cells by pH-dependent endocytosis. During this process, the glycoproteins are exposed to conditions of acidic pH within endocytic vesicles causing the G(C) protein to change conformation. This conformational change renders G(C) more sensitive to protease cleavage. We subjected TSWV virions to varying pH conditions and determined that TSWV G(C), but not G(N), was cleaved under acidic pH conditions, and that this phenomenon did not occur at neutral or alkaline pH. This data provides evidence that G(C) changes conformation at low pH which results in altered protease sensitivity. Furthermore, sequence analysis of G(C) predicts the presence of internal hydrophobic domains, regions that are characteristic of fusion proteins. Like studies with other members of the Bunyaviridae, this study is the first step towards characterizing the nature of cell entry by TSWV. DA - 2005/6// PY - 2005/6// DO - 10.1016/j.virusres.2005.01.007 VL - 110 IS - 1-2 SP - 183-186 J2 - Virus Research LA - en OP - SN - 0168-1702 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2005.01.007 DB - Crossref KW - envelope glycoprotein KW - Frankliniella occidentalis KW - Tospovirus ER - TY - JOUR TI - Binary choice models for rare events data: a crop insurance fraud application AU - Jin, Yufei AU - Rejesus *, Roderick M. AU - Little, Bertis B. T2 - Applied Economics AB - Abstract This study implements a recently proposed score test that could help guide insurance fraud researchers in deciding whether to use a logit or a probit model in predicting insurance fraud probabilities, especially when the occurrence of ones in the dependent variable is much less than zeros. The test is easily implemented in a crop insurance fraud context and seems to be a promising method that could be applicable to analysing and detecting potentially fraudulent claims in various lines of insurance. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Mike Cross for extracting the data set from the data warehouse of the Center for Agribusiness Excellence at Tarleton State University. Note that this work was undertaken when Yufei Jin was a Post-Doctoral Research Associate at Texas Tech University. Notes Although there are other binary choice models that can be used to estimate fraud probabilities (e.g. semi-parametric models and models with different distributional assumptions), these methods are still not commonly used in the insurance fraud literature and the insurance industry. This is because most of these methods are computationally more intensive than the logit and probit models, which precludes its applicability for insurance data sets that have an enormous number of observations. As such, these methods are not explicitly considered in this study. RMA is the government agency under the US Department of Agriculture that oversees the crop insurance programme in the USA. For a detailed description of the algorithm used to flag anomalous prevented planting claims, the reader is referred to Rejesus et al. (Citation2003). Essentially, P 1 and P 2 represent the predicted probabilities from the maximum likelihood estimation of the logit and probit models. DA - 2005/4/20/ PY - 2005/4/20/ DO - 10.1080/0003684042000337433 VL - 37 IS - 7 SP - 841-848 J2 - Applied Economics LA - en OP - SN - 0003-6846 1466-4283 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0003684042000337433 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Exporting status and firm performance: Evidence from a matched sample AU - Yasar, Mahmut AU - Rejesus, Roderick M. T2 - Economics Letters AB - This paper uses propensity score matching (PSM) techniques and difference-in-difference (DID) estimators to determine whether self-selection or learning-by-exporting is the more plausible explanation for the link between exporting status and plant performance in Turkish manufacturing plants. Our results suggest that learning-by-exporting may be the reason for the positive correlation between exporting status and firm performance in Turkey. DA - 2005/9// PY - 2005/9// DO - 10.1016/j.econlet.2005.05.001 VL - 88 IS - 3 SP - 397-402 J2 - Economics Letters LA - en OP - SN - 0165-1765 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2005.05.001 DB - Crossref KW - learning-by-exporting KW - propensity score matching KW - self-selection ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nuclear Legacies: Communication, Controversy, and the U.S. Nuclear Weapons Production Complex AU - Taylor, Bryan C. AU - Kinsella, William J. AU - Depoe, Stephen P. AU - Metzler, Maribeth S. T2 - Annals of the International Communication Association AB - AbstractThis chapter engages communication surrounding the history and future of U.S. nuclear weapons production. The authors begin by arguing that these phenomena are normalized, and thus neglected, among citizens and communication scholars, and respond by reviewing the history of the U.S. nuclear weapons production complex and by characterizing communication among its associated organizations and communities. They then examine the material and discursive legacies of this system, emphasizing recent changes that have opened new possibilities for communication between institutions and their stakeholders. The authors next develop three theoretical frames for analyzing communication in this dense and rapidly evolving scene: (a) democracy, participation, and the nuclear public sphere; (b) organizational crisis, change, and stakeholder communication; and (c) nuclear history, memory, and heritage. They conclude by identifying and addressing various challenges associated with adopting this research program. Throughout, the authors foreground and critique the role of communication in responding to the past and creating the future of nuclear weapons production. DA - 2005/1// PY - 2005/1// DO - 10.1080/23808985.2005.11679053 VL - 29 IS - 1 SP - 363-409 J2 - Annals of the International Communication Association LA - en OP - SN - 2380-8985 2380-8977 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2005.11679053 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - 51 PHENOTYPIC VARIATION IN CLONED SWINE IS CORRECTED IN THE F1 GENERATION AU - Mir, B. AU - Zaunbrecher, G. AU - Piedrahita, J.A. T2 - Reproduction, Fertility and Development AB - Systematic studies of cloned animals generated from adult somatic cell nuclei are critical in assessing the utility of somatic cell cloning in various applications, including the safety of food products from cloned animals and their offspring. Studies in mice show that abnormalities seen in the cloned parents are not transmitted to the siblings. To our knowledge, however, there are no studies on the F1 progeny of clones from food animals. Previously, we compared somatic cell derived cloned pigs with naturally bred control pigs on a series of physiological and genetic parameters. Phenotypic and genetic analyses indicated that there are two classes of traits, one in which the cloned pigs have less variation than controls and another characterized by variation that is equally high in cloned and control pigs. We have extended our studies to the F1 progeny of these clones to see whether these phenotypic differences are transmitted to the next generation. Age-, sex-, and breed-matched cloned and control pigs, housed together since weaning, were used in this study. Starting with their second estrus cycle, standing gilts were mated two consecutive days. All gilts were mated to the same boar. Pregnant cloned (n = 9) and naturally bred (n = 5) gilts (F0) were allowed to farrow naturally, and number and sex of live offspring at birth (F1) recorded. There was no difference in the average litter size between litters from cloned gilts and naturally bred controls (7.78 ± 2.6 and 7.40 ± 3.0, respectively; mean ± SD) or in the degree of litter size variation (coefficients of variation of 33.4% and 40.5% for litters of clones and controls, respectively). Similarly there were no statistical differences between sex ratios from cloned litters (51%:49%; M:F) and control litters (59%:41%; M:F). Blood profiles among cloned pigs, control pigs, and their progeny were compared at two time points, i.e. 15 and 27 weeks, to quantify the effect of cloning on various blood parameters and their transmission to next generation. Although the range of values for all traits overlapped between different classes, the variation differed between F0 clones and F0 controls. In the clones there were two groups of traits: one in which cloned pigs had less variability than controls, and the other in which clones had the same variability as control pigs. In contrast, the variability between all of the traits in F1 progeny of both the clones and the control pigs was similar at 15 and 27 weeks, with one exception. Combined, our data and previous results in mice strongly support the hypothesis that offspring of clones are to all intent and purposes indistinguishable from offspring of naturally bred animals, and as such there should not be any increased risks associated with consumption of products from these animals. This work was supported from NIH grant HL 51587 to JAP. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1071/RDv17n2Ab51 VL - 17 IS - 2 SP - 175 J2 - Reprod. Fertil. Dev. LA - en OP - SN - 1031-3613 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/RDv17n2Ab51 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Web-based Survey Research: Lessons from the University of Akron Study AU - Berry, RaJade M. T2 - International Journal of Public Administration AB - Survey research via the World Wide Web (WWW) has sparked an enormous interest in the social sciences. Because the WWW has the ability to reach millions of users worldwide, it is no surprise that researchers are interested in using the web to conduct surveys. This paper describes one such experience, a case study that shares our experiences using the 2Way application to administer a web-based survey, and discusses the implications of using the Internet for theory, research, and practice. DA - 2005/1// PY - 2005/1// DO - 10.1081/PAD-200044562 VL - 28 IS - 1-2 SP - 57-72 J2 - International Journal of Public Administration LA - en OP - SN - 0190-0692 1532-4265 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/PAD-200044562 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mean latitudinal range sizes of bird assemblages in six Neotropical forest chronosequences AU - Dunn, R.R. AU - Romdal, T.S. T2 - Global Ecology and Biogeography AB - Abstract Aim The geographical range size frequency distributions of animal and plant assemblages are among the most important factors affecting large‐scale patterns of diversity. Nonetheless, the relationship between habitat type and the range size distributions of species forming assemblages remains poorly understood. We examined how the mean latitudinal range sizes of species in Neotropical bird species assemblages shift during forest clearance and subsequent regeneration. We tested the hypothesis that bird species assemblages in early successional habitats tend to have larger latitudinal ranges than those in more mature forests. Location We considered breeding bird chronosequence data from six Neotropical forests. Results Breeding bird assemblages were found to have the species with the largest average latitudinal range sizes in cleared areas, intermediate in young secondary forests and smallest in old secondary and mature forests. Similar differences were also found when we compared congeners differing in their successional preferences. Sizes of regional ranges (within the Neotropics) did not, however, differ consistently among successional stages. The larger latitudinal (but not regional) ranges of early successional species was as a result in part of the tendency of early successional species to have ranges that extend beyond the Neotropical forest biome. Conclusions Our analysis of chronosequences suggests that as early successional habitats mature, a consistent shift from large‐ranged species towards more small ranged species occurs. Even relatively old secondary forests have bird species with larger average ranges than mature forests. As a consequence, conservation of secondary forests alone will miss many of the species most at risk of extinction and most unlikely to be conserved in other locations or biomes. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1111/j.1466-822X.2005.00155.x VL - 14 IS - 4 SP - 359-366 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-22144482417&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - beta diversity KW - birds KW - disturbance KW - range size frequency distribution KW - secondary forest KW - tropical forest ER - TY - JOUR TI - Modern insect extinctions, the neglected majority AU - Dunn, R.R. T2 - Conservation Biology AB - Abstract: Most extinctions estimated to have occurred in the historical past, or predicted to occur in the future, are of insects. Despite this, the study of insect extinctions has been neglected. Only 70 modern insect extinctions have been documented, although thousands are estimated to have occurred. By focusing on some of the 70 documented extinctions as case studies, I considered ways in which insect extinctions may differ from those of other taxa. These case studies suggested that two types of extinction might be common for insects but rare for other taxa: extinction of narrow habitat specialists and coextinctions of affiliates with the extinctions of their hosts. Importantly, both of these forms of extinction are often ignored by conservation programs focused on vertebrates and plants. Anecdotal evidence and recent simulations suggest that many insect extinctions may have already occurred because of loss of narrow habitat specialists from restricted habitats and the loss of hosts. If we are serious about insect conservation, we need to spend more time and money documenting such extinctions. To neglect such extinctions is to ignore the majority of species that are or were in need of conservation. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00078.x VL - 19 IS - 4 SP - 1030-1036 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-27944449967&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - coextinction KW - extinction rates KW - parasites ER - TY - JOUR TI - Jaws of life. Thousands of plant species place their fates in the mandibles of ants AU - Dunn, R.R. T2 - Natural History DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 114 IS - 7 SP - 30-35 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-24644458957&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - A century of avifaunal turnover in a small tropical rainforest fragment AU - Sodhi, Navjot S. AU - Lee, Tien Ming AU - Koh, Lian Pin AU - Dunn, Robert R. T2 - Animal Conservation AB - Despite the alarming rate of tropical deforestation, the long-term conservation value of forest fragments remains poorly understood. We report on the avifaunal turnover in an isolated 4 ha tropical forest fragment in Singapore (i.e. Singapore Botanic Gardens rainforest fragment (SBGRF)) between 1898 and 1998. Over 100 years, the SBGRF lost 18 (49%) species and gained 20 species. More forest-dependent species (3) were lost from the SBGRF than survived (1) or colonised it (no species). Conversely, significantly more introduced species (4) colonised the fragment than were previously recorded (1 species). Significantly more nectarivores survived (8 species) or colonised (9 species) than were lost (two species). In essence, while the avian species richness in the SBGRF remained relatively constant after a century, its species composition underwent significant changes. The avian species composition in the SBGRF in 1998 appeared to be more similar to that of the contemporary smaller and younger Singaporean secondary forest patches than to either the larger and older forest reserves or to the SBGRF 100 years ago. Our study suggests that small isolated tropical forest fragments may have limited long-term conservation value for native forest bird species. DA - 2005/5// PY - 2005/5// DO - 10.1017/S1367943005001927 VL - 8 IS - 2 SP - 217-222 J2 - Animal Conservation LA - en OP - SN - 1367-9430 1469-1795 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1367943005001927 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genetic Linkage Maps of the Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum, Based on Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes and Expressed Sequence Tags AU - Lorenzen, Marcé D. AU - Doyungan, Zaldy AU - Savard, Joel AU - Snow, Kathy AU - Crumly, Lindsey R. AU - Shippy, Teresa D. AU - Stuart, Jeffrey J. AU - Brown, Susan J. AU - Beeman, Richard W. T2 - Genetics AB - Abstract A genetic linkage map was constructed in a backcross family of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, based largely on sequences from bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) ends and untranslated regions from random cDNA's. In most cases, dimorphisms were detected using heteroduplex or single-strand conformational polymorphism analysis after specific PCR amplification. The map incorporates a total of 424 markers, including 190 BACs and 165 cDNA's, as well as 69 genes, transposon insertion sites, sequence-tagged sites, microsatellites, and amplified fragment-length polymorphisms. Mapped loci are distributed along 571 cM, spanning all 10 linkage groups at an average marker separation of 1.3 cM. This genetic map provides a framework for positional cloning and a scaffold for integration of the emerging physical map and genome sequence assembly. The map and corresponding sequences can be accessed through BeetleBase (http://www.bioinformatics.ksu.edu/BeetleBase/). DA - 2005/4/16/ PY - 2005/4/16/ DO - 10.1534/genetics.104.032227 VL - 170 IS - 2 SP - 741-747 J2 - Genetics LA - en OP - SN - 0016-6731 1943-2631 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.104.032227 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Tribolium chitin synthase genes TcCHS1 and TcCHS2 are specialized for synthesis of epidermal cuticle and midgut peritrophic matrix AU - Arakane, Y. AU - Muthukrishnan, S. AU - Kramer, K. J. AU - Specht, C. A. AU - Tomoyasu, Y. AU - Lorenzen, M. D. AU - Kanost, M. AU - Beeman, R. W. T2 - Insect Molecular Biology AB - Functional analysis of the two chitin synthase genes, TcCHS1 and TcCHS2, in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, revealed unique and complementary roles for each gene. TcCHS1-specific RNA interference (RNAi) disrupted all three types of moult (larval-larval, larval-pupal and pupal-adult) and greatly reduced whole-body chitin content. Exon-specific RNAi showed that splice variant 8a of TcCHS1 was required for both the larval-pupal and pupal-adult moults, whereas splice variant 8b was required only for the latter. TcCHS2-specific RNAi had no effect on metamorphosis or on total body chitin content. However, RNAi-mediated down-regulation of TcCHS2, but not TcCHS1, led to cessation of feeding, a dramatic shrinkage in larval size and reduced chitin content in the midgut. DA - 2005/10// PY - 2005/10// DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2005.00576.x VL - 14 IS - 5 SP - 453-463 J2 - Insect Mol Biol LA - en OP - SN - 0962-1075 1365-2583 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2583.2005.00576.x DB - Crossref KW - Tribolium castaneum KW - chitin synthase KW - RNAi KW - peritrophic matrix KW - cuticle ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dynamic relationships between soil properties and foliar disease as affected by annual additions of organic amendment to a sandy-soil vegetable production system AU - Rotenberg, Dorith AU - Cooperband, Leslie AU - Stone, Alexandra T2 - Soil Biology and Biochemistry AB - Additions of organic amendments to agricultural soils can lead to improved soil quality and reduced severity of crop diseases. However, the relationship between disease severity and soil properties as affected by repeated additions of these amendments is poorly understood. The primary objectives of this study were to (i) resolve multivariate relationships between soil properties and foliar disease severity and (ii) identify soil properties that contribute to disease severity in an intensive irrigated vegetable production system receiving annual additions of fresh and composted paper mill residuals (PMR). Foliar diseases caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae on snap bean (bacterial brown spot) and P. s. pv. lachrymans on cucumber (angular leaf spot) are the focus of this report. The experiment consisted of a 3-year crop rotation of potato (1998 and 2001), snap bean (1999 and 2002), and cucumber (2000). Treatments included a non-amended fertilizer control and two rates of fresh PMR, PMR composted alone (PMRC), and PMR composted with bark (PMRB). Soil measures included total soil carbon (TC) and nitrogen (TN), particulate organic matter carbon (POMC) and nitrogen (POMN), volumetric soil moisture (VM) and in situ NO3-N. Multiple regression (MR) and principal component analyses (PCA) were conducted to identify key soil properties that influenced the amount of disease. On average, the amount of TC in plots amended with PMR composts increased 77–178% from 1999 to 2002 compared to the non-amended soils. In 1999, a year in which compost additions reduced the amount of bacterial brown spot of bean, TC explained 42% of the total variation in disease severity in the best MR model. Midseason TN alone was inversely related to angular leaf spot incidence in 2000, while POMN explained 51% of the variation in the best MR model for that year. In 2002, a year in which PMRC-amended soils exacerbated brown spot symptoms, midseason quantities of TN explained 80% of the variation in disease severity. Unique to 2002, NO3-N alone positively correlated with disease severity. Overall, the influence of soil carbon on disease severity was displaced by the increasing importance of TN and NO3-N, indicating a transition from a C-dependent to an N-dependent system. DA - 2005/7// PY - 2005/7// DO - 10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.12.006 VL - 37 IS - 7 SP - 1343-1357 J2 - Soil Biology and Biochemistry LA - en OP - SN - 0038-0717 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.12.006 DB - Crossref KW - paper mill residuals KW - compost KW - disease control KW - soil organic matter KW - aerial bacteria KW - plant available nitrogen ER - TY - JOUR TI - PAPER MILL RESIDUALS AND COMPOST EFFECTS ON PARTICULATE ORGANIC MATTER AND RELATED SOIL FUNCTIONS IN A SANDY SOIL AU - Newman, C. M. AU - Rotenberg, D. AU - Cooperband, L. R. T2 - Soil Science AB - Amending sandy soils with paper mill residuals (PMR) and/or PMR composts should build soil organic matter pools, thereby increasing carbon and nutrient availability for biologically mediated soil functions. We investigated the effects of PMR and PMR composts on total and particulate organic matter (POM) and their relationships with plant available water (PAW) and mineral nitrogen. From 1998 to 2001, we applied PMR, PMR composted alone (PMR-C), and PMR composted with bark (PMR-B) annually at two agronomic rates to sandy soils in a 3-year vegetable rotation of potato, snap bean, and cucumber. After 4 years, all PMR amendments increased total soil C and N (TC, TN), POM-C, and POM-N 2- to 4-fold, relative to a nonamended control. After 3 years of annual amendment additions, the soil achieved an elevated steady state of POM-C, indicating a net balance between C-input and C-decay. Either TC or POM-C explained greater than 50% of the variation in PAW in years 2 through 4, indicating the functional similarities between the two carbon pools. The first sign of a significant but weak relationship between mineral N and POM-N (R2 = 15%) or TN (R2 = 34%) occurred during the final year of study. Annual additions of PMR and PMR composts produced sustained increases in labile soil C and N pools; however, increases in these OM pools did not translate into short-term nutrient availability in these sandy soils. DA - 2005/10// PY - 2005/10// DO - 10.1097/01.ss.0000190506.33675.e6 VL - 170 IS - 10 SP - 788-801 J2 - Soil Science LA - en OP - SN - 0038-075X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ss.0000190506.33675.e6 DB - Crossref KW - paper mill residuals KW - compost KW - sandy soil KW - particulate organic matter KW - plant available water ER - TY - CHAP TI - THE MOUSE IN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AU - Roberts, R. B. AU - Threadgill, D. W. T2 - The Mouse in Animal Genetics and Breeding Research PY - 2005/6// DO - 10.1142/9781860947162_0015 SP - 319-340 OP - PB - PUBLISHED BY IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS AND DISTRIBUTED BY WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING CO. SN - 9781860945656 9781860947162 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9781860947162_0015 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Masking in Waved‐2 Mice: EGF Receptor Control of Locomotion Questioned AU - Mrosovsky, N. AU - Redlin, U. AU - Roberts, R. B. AU - Threadgill, D. W. T2 - Chronobiology International AB - It has been suggested that epidermal growth factors (EGF) are responsible for the inhibition of locomotion by light (i.e., masking) in nocturnal rodents (Kramer et al., ). The poor masking response of waved‐2 (Egfrwa2) mutant mice, with reduced EGF receptor activity, was adduced in support of this idea. In the present work, we studied the responses to light over a large range in illumination levels, in a variety of tests, with pulses of light and with ultradian light‐dark cycles in Egfrwa2 mutant mice. No evidence suggested that normal functioning of epidermal growth factor receptors was required, or even involved, in masking. DA - 2005/1// PY - 2005/1// DO - 10.1080/07420520500395086 VL - 22 IS - 6 SP - 963–974 SN - 0742-0528 1525-6073 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07420520500395086 KW - circadian rhythm KW - epidermal growth factor KW - locomotion KW - masking KW - subparaventricular zone KW - waved-2 KW - mutants ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genomic features of lactic acid bacteria effecting bioprocessing and health AU - Klaenhammer, Todd R. AU - Barrangou, Rodolphe AU - Buck, B. Logan AU - Azcarate-Peril, M. Andrea AU - Altermann, Eric T2 - FEMS Microbiology Reviews AB - The lactic acid bacteria are a functionally related group of organisms known primarily for their bioprocessing roles in food and beverages. More recently, selected members of the lactic acid bacteria have been implicated in a number of probiotic roles that impact general health and well-being. Genomic analyses of multiple members of the lactic acid bacteria, at the genus, species, and strain level, have now elucidated many genetic features that direct their fermentative and probiotic roles. This information is providing an important platform for understanding core mechanisms that control and regulate bacterial growth, survival, signaling, and fermentative processes and, in some cases, potentially underlying probiotic activities within complex microbial and host ecosystems. DA - 2005/8// PY - 2005/8// DO - 10.1016/j.fmrre.2005.04.007 VL - 29 IS - 3 SP - 393-409 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Population structure of the tobacco blue mold pathogen Peronospora tabacina in the USA, the Caribbean and Central America AU - Blanco-Meneses, M AU - Ristaino, J T2 - Phytopathology DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 95 IS - 6 ER - TY - CONF TI - Molecular evolution in the mitochondrial genome of the Irish Potato famine pathogen, Phytophthora infestans AU - Ristaino, J AU - Avila-Adame, C AU - Buell, R T2 - AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA C2 - 2005/// C3 - PHYTOPATHOLOGY DA - 2005/// VL - 95 SP - S89-S89 M1 - 6 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A 3-year field measurement of methane and nitrous oxide emissions from rice paddies in China: Effects of water regime, crop residue, and fertilizer application AU - Zou, Jianwen AU - Huang, Yao AU - Jiang, Jingyan AU - Zheng, Xunhua AU - Sass, Ronald L T2 - Global biogeochemical cycles DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 19 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Gene genealogies inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences suggest a South American origin of Phytophthora infestans. Genealoǵıas de los genes deducidas de las secuencias de ADN nuclear y mitocondrial sugiere un origen suramericano de Phytophthora infestans. AU - Ristaino, J AU - Gomez-Alpizar, L AU - Thorne, J AU - Carbone, I T2 - Phytopathology. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 95 IS - 6 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Functional and species diversity of soil microbial communities in soils from organic, sustainable, and conventional farms in North Carolina AU - Bo, L AU - Ristaino, J AU - Glenn, D AU - Tu, C AU - Hu, S AU - Buckley, K AU - Gumpertz, M T2 - Phytopathology DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 95 IS - 6 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sequencing the Phytophthora infestans genome: preliminary studies AU - Zody, MC AU - O’Neill, K AU - Handsaker, B AU - Karlsson, E AU - Govers, F AU - Vondervoort, P AU - Weide, R AU - Whisson, S AU - Birch, P AU - LiJun, Ma AU - others DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ethylene signalling and response pathway: A unique signalling cascade with a multitude of inputs and outputs AU - Stepanova, A.N. AU - Alonso, J.M. T2 - Physiologia Plantarum AB - Plants as immobile organisms need to constantly monitor the changes in the environment to modify and adjust developmental and metabolic pathways accordingly. The responses to these environmental cues require an integrative mechanism where external and internal signals are detected and processed to trigger an appropriate ‘reaction’ in the plant. Hormones play a key role in mediating some of these integrative processes and in generating the response reactions. The identification and characterization of the basic hormone signalling components and their interactions represent the first step towards comprehensive understanding of plant responses to intrinsic and extrinsic cues. A relatively well‐characterized ethylene signalling and response pathway, together with numerous evidences of its interactions with other signalling/response pathways, provide an excellent example to illustrate our current knowledge and perspective on how signal integration occurs in plants. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2005.00447.x VL - 123 IS - 2 SP - 195-206 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-14644388900&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ethylene signaling pathway. AU - Stepanova, A.N. AU - Alonso, J.M. T2 - Science's STKE : signal transduction knowledge environment DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 2005 IS - 276 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33644877967&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Arabidopsis ethylene signaling pathway. AU - Stepanova, A.N. AU - Alonso, J.M. T2 - Science's STKE : signal transduction knowledge environment DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 2005 IS - 276 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33644876995&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Phytochrome-specific type 5 phosphatase controls light signal flux by enhancing phytochrome stability and affinity for a signal transducer AU - Ryu, Jong Sang AU - Kim, Jeong-Il AU - Kunkel, Tim AU - Kim, Byung Chul AU - Cho, Dae Shik AU - Hong, Sung Hyun AU - Kim, Seong-Hee AU - Fernández, Aurora Piñas AU - Kim, Yumi AU - Alonso, Jose M. T2 - Cell DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 120 IS - 3 SP - 395-406 ER - TY - JOUR TI - NPH4/ARF7 and ARF19 promote leaf expansion and auxin‐induced lateral root formation AU - Wilmoth, Jill C. AU - Wang, Shucai AU - Tiwari, Shiv B. AU - Joshi, Atul D. AU - Hagen, Gretchen AU - Guilfoyle, Thomas J. AU - Alonso, Jose M. AU - Ecker, Joseph R. AU - Reed, Jason W. T2 - The Plant Journal DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 43 IS - 1 SP - 118-130 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Multiple type-B response regulators mediate cytokinin signal transduction in Arabidopsis AU - Mason, Michael G. AU - Mathews, Dennis E. AU - Argyros, D. Aaron AU - Maxwell, Bridey B. AU - Kieber, Joseph J. AU - Alonso, Jose M. AU - Ecker, Joseph R. AU - Schaller, G. Eric T2 - The Plant Cell Online DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 17 IS - 11 SP - 3007-3018 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Functional genomic analysis of the AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID gene family members in Arabidopsis thaliana AU - Overvoorde, Paul J. AU - Okushima, Yoko AU - Alonso, José M. AU - Chan, April AU - Chang, Charlie AU - Ecker, Joseph R. AU - Hughes, Beth AU - Liu, Amy AU - Onodera, Courtney AU - Quach, Hong T2 - The Plant Cell Online DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 17 IS - 12 SP - 3282-3300 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Functional genomic analysis of the AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR gene family members in Arabidopsis thaliana: unique and overlapping functions of ARF7 and ARF19 AU - Okushima, Yoko AU - Overvoorde, Paul J. AU - Arima, Kazunari AU - Alonso, Jose M. AU - Chan, April AU - Chang, Charlie AU - Ecker, Joseph R. AU - Hughes, Beth AU - Lui, Amy AU - Nguyen, Diana T2 - The Plant Cell Online DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 17 IS - 2 SP - 444-463 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Class III homeodomain-leucine zipper gene family members have overlapping, antagonistic, and distinct roles in Arabidopsis development AU - Prigge, Michael J. AU - Otsuga, Denichiro AU - Alonso, Jose M. AU - Ecker, Joseph R. AU - Drews, Gary N. AU - Clark, Steven E. T2 - The Plant Cell Online DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 17 IS - 1 SP - 61-76 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Auxin response factors ARF6 and ARF8 promote jasmonic acid production and flower maturation AU - Nagpal, Punita AU - Ellis, Christine M. AU - Weber, Hans AU - Ploense, Sara E. AU - Barkawi, Lana S. AU - Guilfoyle, Thomas J. AU - Hagen, Gretchen AU - Alonso, José M. AU - Cohen, Jerry D. AU - Farmer, Edward E. T2 - Development DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 132 IS - 18 SP - 4107-4118 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Arabidopsis ethylene signaling pathway AU - Stepanova, Anna N. AU - Alonso, Jose M. T2 - Science Signaling DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 2005 IS - 276 SP - cm4 ER - TY - JOUR TI - " Flagellin is not a major defense elicitor in Ralstonia solanacearum cells (vol 17, pg 696, 2005) AU - Pfund, C. AU - Tans-Kersten, J. AU - Dunning, F. M. AU - Alonso, J. M. AU - Ecker, J. R. AU - Allen, C. AU - Bent, A. F. T2 - MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 18 IS - 9 SP - 1024 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cellular damage induced by cadmium and mercury in Medicago sativa AU - Ortega-Villasante, C. AU - Rellan-Alvarez, R. AU - Del Campo, F. F. AU - Carpena-Ruiz, R. O. AU - Hernandez, L. E. T2 - Journal of Experimental Botany AB - Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) plantlets were exposed to Cd or Hg to study the kinetics of diverse stress indexes. In the so-called beaker-size hydroponic system, plantlets were grown in 30 μM of Cd or Hg for 7 d. Oxidative stress took place and increased over time, a linear response being observed with Cd but not with Hg. To improve the sensitivity of the stress assays used, a micro-assay system, in which seedlings were exposed for 24 h, was developed. Phytotoxicity of metals, quantified as growth inhibition, was observed well before there was any change in the non-protein thiol tissue concentration. When measured with conventional techniques, oxidative stress indexes did not show significant variation. To trace early and small plant responses to Cd and Hg, a microscopic analysis with novel fluorescent dyes, which had not yet been exploited to any significant extent for use in plants, was conducted. These fluorescent probes, which allowed minute cellular responses to 0, 3, 10, and 30 μM of both metals to be visualized in the roots of the alfalfa seedlings, were: (i) 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate that labels peroxides; (ii) monochlorobimane that stains reduced glutathione/homoglutathione (GSH/hGSH); and (iii) propidium iodide that marks nuclei of dead cells. Oxidative stress and cell death increased after exposure for 6–24 h to Cd and Hg, but labelling of GSH/hGSH decreased acutely. This diminution might be the result of direct interaction of GSH/hGSH with both Cd and Hg, as inferred from an in vitro conjugation assay. Therefore, both Cd and Hg not only compromised severely the cellular redox homeostasis, but also caused cell necrosis. In plants treated with 1 mM L-buthionine sulphoximine, a potent inhibitor of GSH/hGSH synthesis, only the oxidative stress symptoms appeared, indicating that the depletion of the GSH/hGSH pool was not sufficient to promote cell death, and that other phytotoxic mechanisms might be involved. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1093/jxb/eri223 VL - 56 IS - 418 SP - 2239-2251 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-24944536376&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - alfalfa KW - Cd KW - cell damage KW - fluorescence KW - GSH/hGSH KW - H(2)DCFDA KW - Hg KW - MCB KW - microscopy KW - oxidative stress ER - TY - JOUR TI - Using Methods That Matter: The Impact of Reflection, Dialogue, and Voice T2 - American Journal of Community Psychology AB - In recent years, the field of community psychology has given considerable attention to how research and evaluation methods should be designed to support our goals of empowerment and social justice. Yet, as a field, we have given much less attention to whether the use of our methods actually achieves or supports our empowerment agenda. With the primary purpose of beginning to establish the norm of reporting on the impacts of our methods, this paper reports on the findings from interviews of 16 youth and adults who had participated in one participatory evaluation method (Photovoice). Two specific questions were examined: (1) What is the impact of participating in a Photovoice effort; and (2) How does the method of Photovoice foster these impacts? Overall, participants noted that they were significantly affected by their experiences as photographers and through their dialogue with neighbors during Photovoice group sessions. Impacts ranged from an increased sense of control over their own lives to the emergence of the kinds of awareness, relationships, and efficacy supportive of participants becoming community change agents. According to participants, Photovoice fostered these changes by (a) empowering them as experts on their lives and community, (b) fostering deep reflection, and (c) creating a context safe for exploring diverse perspectives. The implications of these findings for the science and practice of community psychology are discussed. DA - 2005/12// PY - 2005/12// DO - 10.1007/s10464-005-8626-y UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10464-005-8626-y KW - participatory methods KW - Photovoice KW - comprehensive community initiatives KW - empowerment KW - research methods ER - TY - JOUR TI - Re: "Cancer incidence among pesticide applicators exposed to alachlor in the agricultural health study" [2] (multiple letters) AU - Poole, C. AU - Cullen, M. AU - Irons, R. AU - Acquavella, J. AU - Lee, W.J. AU - Hoppin, J.A. AU - Blair, A. AU - Lubin, J.H. AU - Dosemeci, M. AU - Sandler, D.P. AU - Alavanja, M.C.R. T2 - American Journal of Epidemiology DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1093/aje/kwi009 VL - 161 IS - 1 SP - 101-103 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-19944429315&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pesticide Use and Breast Cancer Risk among Farmers' Wives in the Agricultural Health Study AU - Engel, L. S. AU - Hill, D.A. AU - Hoppin, J.A. AU - Lubin, J.H. AU - Lynch, C.F. AU - Pierce, J. AU - Samanic, C. AU - Sandler, D.P. AU - Blair, A. AU - Alavanja, M.C. T2 - American Journal of Epidemiology AB - The authors examined the association between pesticide use and breast cancer incidence among farmers' wives in a large prospective cohort study in Iowa and North Carolina. Participants were 30,454 women with no history of breast cancer prior to cohort enrollment in 1993-1997. Information on pesticide use and other information was obtained by self-administered questionnaire at enrollment from the women and their husbands. Through 2000, 309 incident breast cancer cases were identified via population-based cancer registries. Rate ratios were calculated for individual pesticides using Poisson regression, controlling for confounding factors. Breast cancer standardized incidence ratios were 0.87 (95% confidence interval: 0.74, 1.02) for women who reported ever applying pesticides and 1.05 (95% confidence interval: 0.89, 1.24) for women who reported never applying pesticides. There was some evidence of increased risk associated with use of 2,4,5-trichloro-phenoxypropionic acid (2,4,5-TP) and possibly use of dieldrin, captan, and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-TP), but small numbers of cases among those who had personally used the pesticides precluded firm conclusions. The authors found no clear association of breast cancer risk with farm size or washing of clothes worn during pesticide application, but risk was modestly elevated among women whose homes were closest to areas of pesticide application. Further follow-up of this cohort should help clarify the relation between pesticide exposure and breast cancer risk. DA - 2005/1/15/ PY - 2005/1/15/ DO - 10.1093/aje/kwi022 VL - 161 IS - 2 SP - 121–135 SN - 0002-9262 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwi022 KW - agriculture KW - agrochemicals KW - breast neoplasms KW - fungicides KW - industrial KW - herbicides KW - insecticides KW - pesticides KW - risk ER - TY - JOUR TI - Organophosphate pesticide exposure in farmworker family members in western North Carolina and Virginia: Case comparisons AU - Arcury, T.A. AU - Quandt, S.A. AU - Rao, P. AU - Doran, A.M. AU - Snively, B.M. AU - Barr, D.B. AU - Hoppin, J.A. AU - Davis, S.W. T2 - Human Organization DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 64 IS - 1 SP - 40-51 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-18544367183&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Occupational Exposure to Carbofuran and the Incidence of Cancer in the Agricultural Health Study AU - Bonner, Matthew R. AU - Lee, Won Jin AU - Sandler, Dale P. AU - Hoppin, Jane A. AU - Dosemeci, Mustafa AU - Alavanja, Michael C. R. T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives AB - Carbofuran is a carbamate insecticide registered for use on a variety of food crops including corn, alfalfa, rice, and tobacco. An estimated 5 million pounds of carbofuran is used annually in the United States, and 45% of urban African-American women have detectable levels of carbofuran in their plasma. Nitrosated carbofuran has demonstrated mutagenic properties. We examined exposure to carbofuran and several tumor sites among 49,877 licensed pesticide applicators from Iowa and North Carolina enrolled in the Agricultural Health Study. We obtained information regarding years of use, frequency of use in an average year, and when use began for 22 pesticides using self-administered questionnaires. Poisson regression was used to calculate rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusting for potential confounders. Lung cancer risk was 3-fold higher for those with > 109 days of lifetime exposure to carbofuran (RR = 3.05; 95% CI, 0.94-9.87) compared with those with < 9 lifetime exposure days, with a significant dose-response trend for both days of use per year and total years of use. However, carbofuran use was not associated with lung cancer risk when nonexposed persons were used as the referent. In addition, carbofuran exposure was not associated with any other cancer site examined. Although carbamate pesticides are suspected human carcinogens, these results should be interpreted cautiously because there was no a priori hypothesis specifically linking carbofuran to lung cancer. DA - 2005/3// PY - 2005/3// DO - 10.1289/ehp.7451 VL - 113 IS - 3 SP - 285-289 J2 - Environmental Health Perspectives LA - en OP - SN - 0091-6765 1552-9924 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7451 DB - Crossref KW - agriculture KW - cancer incidence KW - carbofuran KW - lung cancer KW - pesticides ER - TY - JOUR TI - Retinal Degeneration and Other Eye Disorders in Wives of Farmer Pesticide Applicators Enrolled in the Agricultural Health Study AU - Kirrane, Ellen F. AU - Hoppin, Jane A. AU - Kamel, Freya AU - Umbach, David M. AU - Boyes, William K. AU - DeRoos, Anneclaire J. AU - Alavanja, Michael AU - Sandler, Dale P. T2 - American Journal of Epidemiology AB - Retinal degeneration is the leading cause of visual impairment in older adults. An association between retinal degeneration and fungicide use was observed previously among farmer pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study, a large study of farm families from Iowa and North Carolina. The objective of this investigation was to determine whether wives of these farmer pesticide applicators were at increased risk of retinal degeneration. Self-reported cross-sectional data obtained via questionnaire between 1993 and 1997 from 31,173 wives were used. Associations of specific pesticides and groups of pesticides based on function (fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, and fumigants) or chemical structure (organophosphates, organochlorines, and carbamates) with eye disorders were evaluated using logistic and hierarchical logistic regression analyses. Self-reported retinal degeneration was associated with the wife's fungicide use (odds ratio = 1.9, 95% confidence interval: 1.2, 3.1) after adjustment for age and state of residence. Specific fungicides that appeared to drive this association were maneb or mancozeb and ziram. No associations between pesticide use and other eye disorders were found. Although these findings for retinal degeneration are based solely on self-reported disease, they are consistent with those reported for farmer pesticide applicators. These findings suggest that exposure to some fungicides and other pesticides may increase the risk of retinal degeneration and warrant further investigation. DA - 2005/6/1/ PY - 2005/6/1/ DO - 10.1093/aje/kwi140 VL - 161 IS - 11 SP - 1020-1029 LA - en OP - SN - 1476-6256 0002-9262 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwi140 DB - Crossref KW - agriculture KW - eye diseases KW - occupational exposure KW - pesticides KW - retinal degeneration KW - spouses ER - TY - JOUR TI - Neurologic Symptoms in Licensed Private Pesticide Applicators in the Agricultural Health Study AU - Kamel, Freya AU - Engel, Lawrence S. AU - Gladen, Beth C. AU - Hoppin, Jane A. AU - Alavanja, Michael C. R. AU - Sandler, Dale P. T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives AB - Exposure to high levels of many pesticides has both acute and long-term neurologic consequences, but little is known about the neurotoxicity of chronic exposure to moderate levels of pesticides. We analyzed cross-sectional data from 18,782 white male licensed private pesticide applicators enrolled in the Agricultural Health Study in 1993-1997. Applicators provided information on lifetime pesticide use and 23 neurologic symptoms typically associated with pesticide intoxication. An indicator of more symptoms (> or = 10 vs. < 10) during the year before enrollment was associated with cumulative lifetime days of insecticide use: odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 1.64 (1.36-1.97) for 1-50 days, 1.89 (1.58-2.25) for 51-500 days, and 2.50 (2.00-3.13) for > 500 days, compared with never users. A modest association for fumigants [> 50 days, 1.50 (1.24-1.81)] and weaker relationships for herbicides [> 500 days, 1.32 (0.99-1.75)] and fungicides [> 50 days, 1.23 (1.00-1.50)] were observed. Pesticide use within the year before enrollment was not associated with symptom count. Only associations with insecticides and fumigants persisted when all four pesticide groups were examined simultaneously. Among chemical classes of insecticides, associations were strongest for organophosphates and organochlorines. Associations with cumulative exposure persisted after excluding individuals who had a history of pesticide poisoning or had experienced an event involving high personal pesticide exposure. These results suggest that self-reported neurologic symptoms are associated with cumulative exposure to moderate levels of fumigants and organophosphate and organochlorine insecticides, regardless of recent exposure or history of poisoning. DA - 2005/7// PY - 2005/7// DO - 10.1289/ehp.7645 VL - 113 IS - 7 SP - 877-882 J2 - Environmental Health Perspectives LA - en OP - SN - 0091-6765 1552-9924 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7645 DB - Crossref KW - fumigants KW - insecticides KW - neurologic symptoms KW - organochlorines KW - organophosphates KW - pesticide applicators KW - pesticides ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mortality among Participants in the Agricultural Health Study AU - Blair, Aaron AU - Sandler, Dale P. AU - Tarone, Robert AU - Lubin, Jay AU - Thomas, Kent AU - Hoppin, Jane A. AU - Samanic, Claudine AU - Coble, Joseph AU - Kamel, Freya AU - Knott, Charles AU - Dosemeci, Mustafa AU - Zahm, Shelia Hoar AU - Lynch, Charles F. AU - Rothman, Nathaniel AU - Alavanja, Michael C.R. T2 - Annals of Epidemiology AB - This analysis of the Agricultural Health Study cohort assesses the mortality experience of licensed pesticide applicators and their spouses.This report is based on 52,393 private applicators (who are mostly farmers) and 32,345 spouses of farmers in Iowa and North Carolina. At enrollment, each pesticide applicator completed a 21-page enrollment questionnaire. Mortality assessment from enrollment (1994-1997) through 2000 provided an average follow-up of about 5.3 years, 447,154 person-years, and 2055 deaths.Compared with the general population in the two states, the cohort experienced a very low mortality rate. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for total mortality, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, COPD, total cancer, and cancers of the esophagus, stomach, and lung were 0.6 or lower for both farmers and spouses. These deficits varied little by farm size, type of crops or livestock on the farm, years of handling pesticides, holding a non-farm job, or length of follow up. SMRs among ever smokers were not as low as among never smokers, but were still less than 1.0 for all smoking-related causes of death. No statistically significant excesses occurred, but slightly elevated SMRs, or those near 1.0, were noted for diseases that have been associated with farming in previous studies.Several factors may contribute to the low mortality observed in this population, including the healthy worker effect typically seen in cohorts of working populations (which may decline in future years), a short follow-up interval, and a healthier lifestyle manifested through lower cigarette use and an occupation that has traditionally required high levels of physical activity. DA - 2005/4// PY - 2005/4// DO - 10.1016/j.annepidem.2004.08.008 VL - 15 IS - 4 SP - 279-285 J2 - Annals of Epidemiology LA - en OP - SN - 1047-2797 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2004.08.008 DB - Crossref KW - farmers KW - mortality KW - pesticides KW - agriculture KW - cancer ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pesticides and neurologic symptoms (multiple letters) [1] AU - Burns, C. AU - Goldstein, D.A. AU - Kamel, F. AU - Gladen, B.C. AU - Hoppin, J.A. AU - Sandler, D.P. AU - Engel, L.S. AU - Alavanja, M.C.R. T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 113 IS - 12 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-29144439284&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Factor analysis of pesticide use patterns among pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study AU - Samanic, C. AU - Hoppin, J.A. AU - Lubin, J.H. AU - Blair, A. AU - Alavanja, M.C.R. T2 - Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology AB - Exposure to certain pesticides has been linked with both acute and chronic adverse health outcomes such as neurotoxicity and risk for certain cancers. Univariate analyses of pesticide exposures may not capture the complexity of these exposures since use of various pesticides often occurs simultaneously, and because specific uses have changed over time. Using data from the Agricultural Health Study, a cohort study of 89,658 licensed pesticide applicators and their spouses in Iowa and North Carolina, we employed factor analysis to order to characterize underlying patterns of self-reported exposures to 50 different pesticides. Factor analysis is a statistical method used to explain the relationships between several correlated variables by reducing them to a smaller number of conceptually meaningful, composite variables, known as factors. Three factors emerged for farmer applicators (N=45,074): (1) Iowa agriculture and herbicide use, (2) North Carolina agriculture and use of insecticides, fumigants and fungicides, and (3) older age and use of chlorinated pesticides. The patterns observed for spouses of farmers (N=17,488) were similar to those observed for the farmers themselves, whereas five factors emerged for commercial pesticide applicators (N=4,384): (1) herbicide use, (2) older age and use of chlorinated pesticides, (3) use of fungicides and residential pest treatments, (4) use of animal insecticides, and (5) use of fumigants. Pesticide exposures did not correlate with lifestyle characteristics such as race, smoking status or education. This heterogeneity in exposure patterns may be used to guide etiologic studies of health effects of farmers and other groups exposed to pesticides. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1038/sj.jea.7500396 VL - 15 IS - 3 SP - 225-233 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-20344370996&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - pesticides KW - farmers KW - custom applicators KW - factor analysis KW - herbicides KW - insecticides KW - fungicides KW - fumigants KW - Iowa KW - North Carolina ER - TY - JOUR TI - Feasibility of Using Subject-Collected Dust Samples in Epidemiologic and Clinical Studies of Indoor Allergens AU - Arbes, Samuel J., Jr. AU - Sever, Michelle AU - Vaughn, Ben AU - Mehta, Jigna AU - Lynch, Jeffrey T. AU - Mitchell, Herman AU - Hoppin, Jane A. AU - Spencer, Harvey L. AU - Sandler, Dale P. AU - Zeldin, Darryl C. T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives AB - Studies of indoor allergen exposures are often limited by the cost and logistics of sending technicians to homes to collect dust. In this study we evaluated the feasibility of having subjects collect their own dust samples. The objectives were to compare allergen concentrations between subject- and technician-collected samples and to examine the sample return rate. Using a dust collection device and written instructions provided to them by mail, 102 subjects collected a combined dust sample from a bed and bedroom floor. Later the same day, a technician collected a side-by-side sample. Dust samples were weighed and analyzed for the cat allergen Fel d 1 and the dust mite allergen Der p 1. Fifty additional subjects who were enrolled by telephone were mailed dust collection packages and asked to return a dust sample and questionnaire by mail. A technician did not visit their homes. Correlations between subject- and technician-collected samples were strong for concentrations of Fel d 1 (r = 0.88) and Der p 1 (r = 0.87). With allergen concentrations dichotomized at lower limits of detection and clinically relevant thresholds, agreements between methodologies ranged from 91 to 98%. Although dust weights were correlated (r = 0.48, p < 0.001), subjects collected lighter samples. Among the group of 50 subjects, 46 returned a dust sample and completed questionnaire. The median number of days to receive a sample was 15. With some limitations, subject-collected dust sampling appears to be a valid and practical option for epidemiologic and clinical studies that report allergen concentration as a measure of exposure. DA - 2005/6// PY - 2005/6// DO - 10.1289/ehp.7648 VL - 113 IS - 6 SP - 665-669 J2 - Environmental Health Perspectives LA - en OP - SN - 0091-6765 1552-9924 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7648 DB - Crossref KW - allergens KW - environment KW - epidemiology KW - sampling ER - TY - JOUR TI - Disease and injury among participants in the Agricultural Health Study AU - Blair, A. AU - Sandler, D. AU - Thomas, K. AU - Hoppin, J.A. AU - Kamel, F. AU - Coble, J. AU - Lee, W.J. AU - Rusiecki, J. AU - Knott, C. AU - Dosemeci, M. AU - Lynch, C.F. AU - Lubin, J. AU - Alavanja, M. T2 - Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 11 IS - 2 SP - 141-150 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-20444375789&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Glyphosate results revisited (multiple letters) [2] AU - Farmer, D.R. AU - Lash, T.L. AU - Acquavella, J.F. AU - De Roos, A.J. AU - Svec, M.A. AU - Blair, A. AU - Rusiecki, J.A. AU - Dosemeci, M. AU - Alavanja, M.C. AU - Hoppin, J.A. AU - Sandler, D.P. T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 113 IS - 6 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-20844449731&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Integrating exposure measurements into epidemiologic studies in agriculture AU - Hoppin, J.A. T2 - Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 31 IS - SUPPL. 1 SP - 115-117 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-24944501381&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cancer Incidence among Glyphosate-Exposed Pesticide Applicators in the Agricultural Health Study AU - De Roos, Anneclaire J. AU - Blair, Aaron AU - Rusiecki, Jennifer A. AU - Hoppin, Jane A. AU - Svec, Megan AU - Dosemeci, Mustafa AU - Sandler, Dale P. AU - Alavanja, Michael C. T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives AB - Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum herbicide that is one of the most frequently applied pesticides in the world. Although there has been little consistent evidence of genotoxicity or carcinogenicity from in vitro and animal studies, a few epidemiologic reports have indicated potential health effects of glyphosate. We evaluated associations between glyphosate exposure and cancer incidence in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS), a prospective cohort study of 57,311 licensed pesticide applicators in Iowa and North Carolina. Detailed information on pesticide use and other factors was obtained from a self-administered questionnaire completed at time of enrollment (1993-1997). Among private and commercial applicators, 75.5% reported having ever used glyphosate, of which > 97% were men. In this analysis, glyphosate exposure was defined as a) ever personally mixed or applied products containing glyphosate; b) cumulative lifetime days of use, or "cumulative exposure days" (years of use times days/year); and c) intensity-weighted cumulative exposure days (years of use times days/year times estimated intensity level). Poisson regression was used to estimate exposure-response relations between glyphosate and incidence of all cancers combined and 12 relatively common cancer subtypes. Glyphosate exposure was not associated with cancer incidence overall or with most of the cancer subtypes we studied. There was a suggested association with multiple myeloma incidence that should be followed up as more cases occur in the AHS. Given the widespread use of glyphosate, future analyses of the AHS will allow further examination of long-term health effects, including less common cancers. DA - 2005/1// PY - 2005/1// DO - 10.1289/ehp.7340 VL - 113 IS - 1 SP - 49-54 J2 - Environmental Health Perspectives LA - en OP - SN - 0091-6765 1552-9924 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7340 DB - Crossref KW - cancer KW - cohort study KW - farming KW - glyphosate KW - pesticide ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cancer incidence in the Agricultural Health Study AU - Alavanja, M.C.R. AU - Sandler, D.P. AU - Lynch, C.F. AU - Knott, C. AU - Lubin, J.H. AU - Tarone, R. AU - Thomas, K. AU - Dosemeci, M. AU - Barker, J. AU - Hoppin, J.A. AU - Blair, A. T2 - Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 31 IS - SUPPL. 1 SP - 39-45 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-24944553519&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cancer Incidence among Male Pesticide Applicators in the Agricultural Health Study Cohort Exposed to Diazinon AU - Beane Freeman, Laura E. AU - Bonner, Matthew R. AU - Blair, Aaron AU - Hoppin, Jane A. AU - Sandler, Dale P. AU - Lubin, Jay H. AU - Dosemeci, Mustafa AU - Lynch, Charles F. AU - Knott, Charles AU - Alavanja, Michael C. R. T2 - American Journal of Epidemiology AB - Little is known about the potential carcinogenicity associated with routine application of diazinon, a common organophosphate insecticide. The authors explored a possible association of diazinon exposure with cancer risk in the Agricultural Health Study, a prospective cohort of licensed pesticide applicators in Iowa and North Carolina enrolled in 1993–1997. A total of 23,106 male applicators provided information in a self-administered questionnaire. Among 4,961 applicators who reported using diazinon, 301 incident cancer cases were diagnosed during the follow-up period ending December 2002 compared with 968 cases among 18,145 participants who reported no use. Poisson regression was used to calculate rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Two quantitative exposure metrics were used: lifetime exposure days and intensity-weighted lifetime exposure days, a measure that incorporates probability of pesticide exposure with lifetime pesticide application frequency. When lifetime exposure days were used, increased risks for the highest tertile of exposure and significant tests for trend for lung cancer and leukemia were observed. No other cancer site showed an association with diazinon for the highest tertile of exposure. Because these results were based on small numbers, additional analyses are necessary as more cases accrue to clarify whether diazinon is associated with cancer risk in humans. DA - 2005/10/10/ PY - 2005/10/10/ DO - 10.1093/aje/kwi321 VL - 162 IS - 11 SP - 1070-1079 LA - en OP - SN - 1476-6256 0002-9262 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwi321 DB - Crossref KW - cohort studies KW - diazinon KW - insecticides KW - neoplasms KW - pesticides ER - TY - JOUR TI - Phytoestrogen Action in the Adult and Developing Brain AU - Patisaul, H. B. T2 - Journal of Neuroendocrinology AB - Abstract Soy isoflavonoids are plant phytoestrogens available as dietary supplements and are increasingly advocated as a natural alternative to oestrogen replacement therapy. As weak oestrogen agonists/antagonists with a range of other enzymatic activities, the isoflavonoids provide a useful model to investigate the actions of endocrine disruptors. Here, the activational and organisational effects of these compounds on the brain are reviewed. In spite of their preferential affinity for oestrogen receptor (ER)beta in vitro, isoflavonoids act in vivo through both ERalpha and ERbeta. Their neurobehavioural actions are largely anti-oestrogenic, either antagonising or producing an action in opposition to that of oestradiol. Small, physiologically relevant exposure levels can alter oestrogen-dependent gene expression in the brain and affect complex behaviour in a wide range of species. The implications for these findings in humans, and particularly in infants, largely remain uninvestigated but are a subject of increasing public interest. DA - 2005/1// PY - 2005/1// DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2005.01268.x VL - 17 IS - 1 SP - 57-64 J2 - J Neuroendocrinol LA - en OP - SN - 0953-8194 1365-2826 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2826.2005.01268.x DB - Crossref KW - soy KW - phytoestrogens KW - coumestrol KW - isoflavones KW - genistein KW - daidzein KW - endocrine disrupters KW - oestrogen KW - sex behaviour KW - ER alpha KW - ER beta KW - brain KW - hypothalamus ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dietary Soy Supplements Produce Opposite Effects on Anxiety in Intact Male and Female Rats in the Elevated Plus-Maze. AU - Patisaul, Heather B. AU - Blum, Adele AU - Luskin, Jordan R. AU - Wilson, Mark E. T2 - Behavioral Neuroscience AB - The effects of 2 popular, commercially available soy phytoestrogen supplements on anxiety in male, diestrus female, and proestrus female rats were examined with an elevated plus-maze. Both of the soy supplements were anxiolytic in proestrus females but anxiogenic in males as determined by time spent in the open arms. No effect of diet was seen in the diestrus females. The observed changes in anxiety were not because of altered levels of gonadal hormones, as serum estrogen and progesterone levels were unaffected by diet in the females. The results suggest that the soy supplements have sex- and cycle-specific effects on anxiety. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1037/0735-7044.119.2.587 VL - 119 IS - 2 SP - 587-594 J2 - Behavioral Neuroscience LA - en OP - SN - 1939-0084 0735-7044 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7044.119.2.587 DB - Crossref KW - phytoestrogens KW - soy KW - stress KW - estrogen KW - endocrine disruptors ER - TY - CHAP TI - How to say things with formalisms AU - Auerbach, D. T2 - Proof, Logic and Formalization AB - Contributors: David Aeurbach, John P. Burgess, Michael Detlefsen, Glen Helman, Daniel Isaacson, Charles Parsons, Richard Tieszen, David S. Tragesser PY - 2005/// DO - 10.4324/9780203980255 SP - 77-93 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84972499504&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Probe to the mechanism of desizing of PVA by atmospheric pressure plasma AU - Cai, Z.S. AU - Qiu, Y. AU - McMord, M.G. T2 - Journal of Textile Research DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 26 IS - 6 SP - 5–8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Absence of interactive responses of early soybean (Glycine max) growth to soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines), post-emergence herbicides and soil pH and texture AU - Leon, R.G. AU - Owen, M.D.K. AU - Soh, D. AU - Tylka, G. T2 - Weed Technology AB - Farmer observations and previous studies indicated that reductions in soybean yield caused by the soybean cyst nematode (SCN) are greater when other stresses, biotic or abiotic, are present. Also, it has been reported that the effect of SCN on soybean growth depended on factors such as soil pH, soil texture, and herbicides. Although postemergence herbicides may adversely affect soybean metabolism, acifluorfen can reduce SCN infection. The objective of the present study was to determine the main and interactive effects of SCN egg population density (SCND), soil pH, soil texture, and the application of the herbicides acifluorfen, glyphosate, and imazethapyr on early soybean growth. Greenhouse studies assessed different combinations of these factors for 65 d after planting. No interactions were observed for any of the main effects. Soil pH and texture did not affect soybean growth. SCND was the only main effect that explained soybean growth reductions. The effect of SCND on soybean growth was exhibited as 15–50% decreases of leaf area index (LAI) and dry weight in all cases, but reductions in plant height also were observed. No relationship between SCND and the number of SCN eggs recovered at the end of the experiment was observed. Herbicides did not reduce soybean growth, although acifluorfen consistently caused the highest soybean injury reaching 18–20% from 1–14 days after application (DAA). At 50 DAA, acifluorfen injury was negligible, and soybean LAI and dry weight did not differ from the nontreated control. These results indicated that the effect of SCN on soybean growth was not directly affected by the other evaluated main effects. Therefore, trends observed in the field that suggested interactions between those factors are likely the result of other factors not considered in the present study or to more complex relationships between factors analyzed in the present study and other elements present in the field.Nomenclature: Acifluorfen, glyphosate, imazethapyr; soybean; soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines Ichinoche.Additional index words: Herbicide injury, nematode infection.Abbreviations: AMS, ammonium sulfate; COC, crop oil concentrate; DAA, days after application; DAP, days after planting; LAI, leaf area index: MSO, methylated seed oil; PPFD, photosynthetic photon flux density; SCN, soybean cyst nematode; SCND, SCN egg population density. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1614/wt-03-149r1.1 VL - 19 IS - 4 SP - 847–854 KW - herbicide injury KW - nematode infection ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sexual segregation in bison: a test of multiple hypotheses AU - Mooring, M.S. AU - Reisig, D.D. AU - Osborne, E.R. AU - Kanallakan, A.L. AU - Hall, B.M. AU - Schaad, E.W. AU - Wiseman, D.S. AU - Huber, R.R. T2 - Behaviour AB - Abstract Sexual segregation, in which males and females form separate groups for most of the year, is common in sexually dimorphic ungulates. We tested multiple hypotheses to explain sexual segregation in bison (Bison bison) at National Bison Range, Montana and Fort Niobrara National Wildlife Refuge, Nebraska during June-August of 2002-2003. Fieldwork involved use of GPS to record space use by segregated groups, vegetation transects to measure forage availability, fecal analyses to document diet composition and quality, and behavioural observations to characterize activity budgets. During sexual segregation, males in bull groups used areas with greater per capita abundance of forage, higher proportion of weeds, and less nutritious grasses (as indicated by lower % fecal nitrogen) compared with females in cow or mixed groups. However, there was no difference between the sexes in activity budgets, predation risk factors, or distance to water. Single-sex bull groups were no more synchronized in activity than mixed groups. These results support the 'sexual dimorphism-body size hypothesis', which proposes that males segregate from females because their larger body size requires more abundant forage, while longer ruminal retention permits efficient use of lower-quality forage. The gastrocentric model, based on the digestive physiology and foraging requirements of dimorphic ungulates, supplies the most likely proximate mechanism for bison sexual segregation. Our results would also partly support the 'reproductive strategy-predation risk hypothesis' if females form large groups to reduce predation risk. The predictions of the 'activity budget hypothesis' were not supported for bison. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1163/1568539055010110 VL - 142 IS - 7 SP - 897–927 KW - bison KW - sexual segregation KW - sexual dimorphism-body size hypothesis KW - gastrocentric model KW - reproductive strategy-predation risk hypothesis KW - activity budget hypothesis ER - TY - JOUR TI - Aquatic photochemokinetic rates of production and loss of dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM) in a southern reservoir lake of Tennessee. AU - Zhang, H AU - Kuiken, T AU - Dill, C AU - Ensor, M T2 - Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 229 SP - U896 UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000228177706398&KeyUID=WOS:000228177706398 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Airborne emissions of mercury from municipal solid waste. II: Potential losses of airborne mercury before landfill AU - Southworth, GR AU - Lindberg, SE AU - Bogle, MA AU - Zhang, H AU - Kuiken, T AU - Price, J AU - Reinhart, D AU - Sfeir, H T2 - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 55 IS - 7 SP - 870-877 UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000230435300002&KeyUID=WOS:000230435300002 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Airborne emissions of mercury from municipal solid waste. I: New measurements from six operating landfills in Florida AU - Lindberg, SE AU - Southworth, GR AU - Bogle, MA AU - Blasing, TJ AU - Owens, J AU - Roy, K AU - Zhang, H AU - Kuiken, T AU - Price, J AU - Reinhart, D AU - Sfeir, H T2 - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 55 IS - 7 SP - 859-869 UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000230435300001&KeyUID=WOS:000230435300001 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The title-page: Its early development, 1460-1510 [Review] AU - Orcutt, D. T2 - Library Resources & Technical Services DA - 2005/1// PY - 2005/1// VL - 49 IS - 1 SP - 67 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Historical dictionary of Jainism [Review] AU - Orcutt, D. T2 - Choice DA - 2005/1// PY - 2005/1// VL - 42 IS - 5 SP - 828 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dialogue on the Internet: Language, civic identity, and computer-mediated communication [Review] AU - Orcutt, D. T2 - Choice DA - 2005/1// PY - 2005/1// VL - 42 IS - 9 SP - 1580 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Estimating the Speed of Market Reaction to News: Market Events and Lumber Futures Prices AU - Rucker, Randal R. AU - Thurman, Walter N. AU - Yoder, Jonathan K. T2 - American Journal of Agricultural Economics DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 87 SP - 482-500 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Fields of Power, Forests of Discontent: Culture, Conservation, and the State in Mexico AU - Haenn, N. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// PB - University of Arizona Press ER - TY - CHAP TI - Agricultural Biotechnology Science Compromised AU - Worthy, K. A. AU - Strohman, R. C. AU - Billings, P. R. AU - Delborne, J. A. AU - Duarte-Trattner, E. AU - Gove, N. AU - Latham, D. R. AU - Manahan, Carol M. T2 - Controversies in Science and Technology: From Maize to Menopause A2 - Daniel Lee Kleinman, Abby J. Kinchy A2 - Handelsman, Jo PY - 2005/// SP - 135-49 PB - Madison, Wis. : University of Wisconsin Press SN - 0299203905 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Snowshoe hares in Yellowstone AU - Hodges, K. E. AU - Mills, L. S. T2 - Yellowstone Science DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 13 SP - 3-6 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pellet count indices compared to mark-recapture estimates for evaluating snowshoe hare density AU - Mills, LS AU - Griffin, PC AU - Hodges, KE AU - McKelvey, K AU - Ruggiero, L AU - Ulizio, T T2 - JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT AB - Snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) undergo remarkable cycles and are the primary prey base of Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis), a carnivore recently listed as threatened in the contiguous United States. Efforts to evaluate hare densities using pellets have traditionally been based on regression equations developed in the Yukon, Canada. In western Montana, we evaluated whether or not local regression equations performed better than the most recent Yukon equation and assessed whether there was concordance between pellet-based predictions and mark–recapture density estimates of hares. We developed local Montana regression equations based on 224 data points consisting of mark-recapture estimates and pellet counts, derived from 38 sites in 2 different areas sampled for 1 to 5 years using 2 different pellet plot shapes. We evaluated concordance between estimated density and predicted density based on pellet counts coupled with regression equations at 436 site-area-season combinations different from those used to develop the regression equations. At densities below 0.3 hares/ha, predicted density based on pellets tended to be greater than for mark–recapture; the difference was usually <1 hare per ha on an absolute scale, but at low densities this translated to proportional differences of 1,000% or greater. At densities above 0.7 hares/ha, pellet regressions tended to predict lower density than mark–recapture. Because local regression equations did not outperform the Yukon equation, we see little merit in further development of local regression equations unless a study is to be conducted in a formal double-sampling framework. We recommend that widespread pellet sampling be used to identify areas with very low hare densities; subsequent surveys using mark–recapture methodology can then focus on higher density areas where density inferences are more reliable. DA - 2005/7// PY - 2005/7// DO - 10.2193/0022-541x(2005)069[1053:pcictm]2.0.co;2 VL - 69 IS - 3 SP - 1053-1062 SN - 1937-2817 KW - abundance index KW - density estimation KW - effective grid size KW - Lepus americanus KW - mark-recapture KW - Montana KW - pellet counts KW - population size KW - snowshoe hare ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mortality by moonlight: predation risk and the snowshoe hare AU - Griffin, PC AU - Griffin, SC AU - Waroquiers, C AU - Mills, LS T2 - BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AB - Optimal behavior theory suggests that prey animals will reduce activity during intermittent periods when elevated predation risk outweighs the fitness benefits of activity. Specifically, the predation risk allocation hypothesis predicts that prey activity should decrease dramatically at times of high predation risk if there is high temporal variation in predation risk but should remain relatively uniform when temporal variation in predation risk is low. To test these predictions we examined the seasonably variable response of snowshoe hares to moonlight and predation risk. Unlike studies finding uniform avoidance of moonlight in small mammals, we find that moonlight avoidance is seasonal and corresponds to seasonal variation in moonlight intensity. We radio-collared 177 wild snowshoe hares to estimate predation rates as a measure of risk and used movement distances from a sample of those animals as a measure of activity. In the snowy season, 5-day periods around full moons had 2.5 times more predation than around new moons, but that ratio of the increased predation rate was only 1.8 in the snow-free season. There was no significant increase in use of habitats with more hiding cover during full moons. Snowshoe hares' nightly movement distances decreased during high-risk full-moon periods in the snowy season but did not change according to moon phase in the snow-free season. These results are consistent with the predation risk allocation hypothesis. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1093/beheco/ari074 VL - 16 IS - 5 SP - 938-944 SN - 1465-7279 KW - moonlight KW - moon phase KW - movement KW - predation rate KW - predation risk KW - prey behavior ER - TY - JOUR TI - Habitat selection of endangered and endemic large flying-foxes in Subic Bay, Philippines AU - Mildenstein, TL AU - Stier, SC AU - Nuevo-Diego, CE AU - Mills, LS T2 - BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AB - Large flying-foxes in insular Southeast Asia are the most threatened of the Old World fruit bats due to high levels of deforestation and hunting and effectively little local conservation commitment. The forest at Subic Bay, Philippines, supports a rare, large colony of vulnerable Philippine giant fruit bats (Pteropus vampyrus lanensis) and endangered and endemic golden-crowned flying-foxes (Acerodon jubatus). These large flying-foxes are optimal for conservation focus, because in addition to being keystone, flagship, and umbrella species, the bats are important to Subic Bay’s economy and its indigenous cultures. Habitat selection information streamlines management’s efforts to protect and conserve these popular but threatened animals. We used radio telemetry to describe the bats’ nighttime use of habitat on two ecological scales: vegetation and microhabitat. The fruit bats used the entire 14,000 ha study area, including all of Subic Bay Watershed Reserve, as well as neighboring forests just outside the protected area boundaries. Their recorded foraging locations ranged between 0.4 and 12 km from the roost. We compared the bats’ use to the availability of vegetative habitat types, riparian areas, and bat trees. The fruit bats’ locations showed a preference for undisturbed forest types and selection against disturbed and agricultural areas. Bat locations also showed selection for particular fruiting/flowering bat trees. The bats showed strong preference for riparian areas; locations were in riparian areas over four times more than expected. From these results we recommend that management focus flying-fox conservation efforts on undisturbed forest and riparian areas. DA - 2005/11// PY - 2005/11// DO - 10.1016/j.biocon.2005.05.001 VL - 126 IS - 1 SP - 93-102 SN - 1873-2917 KW - habitat selection KW - threatened species conservation KW - Philippines KW - Pteropus vampyrus KW - Acerodon juhatus KW - fruit bat ER - TY - JOUR TI - Gene flow after inbreeding leads to higher survival in deer mice AU - Schwartz, MK AU - Mills, LS T2 - BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AB - We test the ability of gene flow to alleviate the deleterious effects of inbreeding in a small mammal, the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus). After three generations of sib–sib mating, individuals from three lines of mice were either subject to further inbreeding or were mated with an outbred individual. Subsequently, these mice, plus a control line, which were first generation (F1) mice from unrelated individuals kept in captivity for the same duration as the treatment lines, were released into isolated pens in a forest in western Montana. Survival of individual mice was recorded. Survival models that allowed variation in breeding treatments were well supported, whereas models explaining variation in line, or release location were not well supported. Survival was highest for offspring of the outcross group, intermediate for the inbred animals, and lowest for the control group. This suggests that the introduction of migrants can reduce inbreeding depression, as theory predicts. We also show limited evidence for purging of deleterious recessive alleles that can cause inbreeding depression. While purging may have occurred, the demographic cost was non-trivial as 5 of 8 of our inbred mouse lines went extinct during the inbreeding process. DA - 2005/6// PY - 2005/6// DO - 10.1016/j.biocon.2004.11.016 VL - 123 IS - 4 SP - 413-420 SN - 1873-2917 KW - inbreeding depression KW - migration KW - purging KW - deer mouse KW - conservation biology ER - TY - CHAP TI - Ecology and management of small populations AU - Mills, L. S. AU - Scott, J. M. AU - Strickler, K. M. AU - Temple, S. A. T2 - Techniques for wildlife investigations and management (6th ed.) PY - 2005/// SP - 691-713 PB - Bethesda, Md. : Wildlife Society SN - 9780933564152 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Finding our way(s) in environmental communication proceedings of the Seventh Biennial Conference on Communication and the Environment2005 AU - Kinsella, William J. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// PB - Corvallis, OR: Department of Speech Communication, Oregon State University ER - TY - CONF TI - Novel pH or temperature responsive polymer materials AU - McCord, M.G. AU - Wang, X. AU - Matthews, S. AU - Christie, M. C2 - 2005/// C3 - A new era: National Textile Center Forum, March 20-22, 2005: Textile Institute, 84th Annual World Conference, March 22-25, 2005, Back-to-Back Meetings in Raleigh, North Carolina, USA DA - 2005/// PB - [Manchester, England]: The Textile Institute ER - TY - CONF TI - Variation of a-cellulose content and related metabolites during wood formation in loblolly pine AU - Morris, C. R. AU - Goldfarb, B. AU - Isik, F. AU - Li, C. S. AU - Chang, H.-M. AU - Sederoff, R. AU - Kadla, J. F. C2 - 2005/// C3 - 13th ISWFPC Proceedings DA - 2005/// VL - 13 ER - TY - JOUR TI - PDAs in medical settings: The importance of organization in PDA text design AU - Swarts, Jason T2 - IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication AB - This article reports on the utility of personal digital assistants (PDAs) for processing information needed in coordinated, team-based medical work. The author first presents results from a survey of medical professionals, which reveal that medical professionals read PDA-based texts nonlinearly, in short bursts, and without need of a narrative-based organization. The respondents also reported using PDAs to support a range of team-based activities. The author then presents results of a case study of veterinary students using PDAs on clinical rotations. He discusses how the PDA affords uses of text-based information that are suited to medical work that is carried out with the cooperative assistance of people and technologies. After discussing how veterinary students used PDAs to organize information into ad hoc texts, he concludes with challenges and information design guidelines for professional writers in the medical field. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1109/tpc.2005.849648 VL - 48 IS - 2 SP - 161-176 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-21044438033&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CONF TI - Genetic variation in MFA, MOE and wood density among clones of Pinus taeda L. AU - Isik, F. AU - Li, B. AU - Goldfarb, B. C2 - 2005/// C3 - 28th Southern Forest Tree Improvement Conference DA - 2005/// VL - 28 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Novel thermoresponsive fabrics: poly(n-isopropylacrylamide) grafted cotton using atmospheric plasma treatment AU - McCord, M. G. AU - Wang, X. T2 - Textile Research Journal DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 75 IS - 11 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Performing Tribal Rituals: A Genre Analysis of "Crits'' in Design Studios AU - Dannels, Deanna T2 - COMMUNICATION EDUCATION AB - Abstract Grounded in a communication in the disciplines (CID) theoretical framework, this study was the first phase of a multiphased project exploring oral genres in the academic discipline of design. The purpose of this study was to provide a baseline understanding of how faculty perceive and assign meaning to the oral genres that students performed in their studios. Through qualitative observation and ethnographic interviewing over a year-long period, I explored the types of oral genres in design education, their distinguishing features, skills faculty ascribe to success for these genres, and the role of oral genres in the social communities and practices of design studios. Results illustrate four distinct oral genres in this context—specifically defined by the prominence of visual and spatial elements and audience feedback—within which specific skills mark success. Results also suggest oral genres function as ritualistic performances—a metaphor that illustrates the social, situated, and rhetorical role of oral genres in this context. Ultimately, this study provides an empirically grounded foundation for communication across the curriculum practitioners and makes important theoretical contributions by suggesting a complex connection between orality and the academic discipline of design. Keywords: Communication in the DisciplinesOral Genres in Design EducationTeaching and Learning CritiquesCommunication Across the Curriculum This paper was originally presented at the National Communication Association Conference, New Orleans, LA, November 2002. This paper was originally presented at the National Communication Association Conference, New Orleans, LA, November 2002. Acknowledgments The author wishes to extend special acknowledgements to the administration of the College of Design at North Carolina State University and the faculty who were interviewed for this study. Their interest, support, and willingness to discuss communication issues have made my work not only empirically rich but also enjoyable. Notes This paper was originally presented at the National Communication Association Conference, New Orleans, LA, November 2002. Additional informationNotes on contributorsDeanna P. Dannels Deanna P. Dannels (PhD, University of Utah, 1999) is Associate Professor of Communication and Assistant Director of the Campus Writing and Speaking Program at North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC DA - 2005/4// PY - 2005/4// DO - 10.1080/03634520500213165 VL - 54 IS - 2 SP - 136-160 SN - 1479-5795 KW - Communication in the Disciplines KW - Oral Genres in Design Education KW - Teaching and Learning Critiques KW - Communication Across the Curriculum ER - TY - JOUR TI - Leaning In and Letting Go AU - Dannels, Deanna P. T2 - Communication Education AB - The “Communication in the Disciplines” (Dannels, ) framework suggests that communication norms, genres, and standards for success are situated and disciplinary. In this introductory essay, I explore complexities that accompany a “communication in the disciplines” identity in practice—adopting a mindset of curiosity, an ability to listen carefully to other disciplines, and a willingness to let go of our own disciplinary biases. I discuss how contributing articles provide insight into various aspects of these CID complexities and offer McClintock's (as cited in Keller, ) idea of “leaning in” as a salient metaphor for CID work. DA - 2005/1// PY - 2005/1// DO - 10.1080/03634520500076638 VL - 54 IS - 1 SP - 1-5 J2 - Communication Education LA - en OP - SN - 0363-4523 1479-5795 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03634520500076638 DB - Crossref KW - Communication in the Disciplines KW - Communication Across the Curriculum KW - Oral Genres Across the Disciplines ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genomic Perspectives on Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria AU - Klaenhammer, Todd R. AU - Peril, Andrea Azcarate AU - Barrangou, Rodolphe AU - Duong, Tri AU - Altermann, Eric T2 - Bioscience and Microflora AB - The lactic acid bacteria are Gram-positive fermentative microorganisms known primarily for their roles as starter cultures and probiotics. The food industry represents one of the largest manufacturing industries in the world and recent trends are rapidly expanding the use of probiotic cultures within functional foods. Understanding and control of lactic acid bacteria is now being revolutionized by genomic sciences and the appearance of the complete genome sequences for Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus johnsonii, Lactobacillus plantarum, and draft sequences for Lactobacillus gasseri and Lactobacillus casei. This explosion of DNA sequence information, accompanied by the development of bioinformatic tools for nucleic acid and protein analysis, now allows rapid characterization of the lactic acid bacteria for their genomic content and expression profiles across the entire genome. Comparative genomics has already revealed important similarities and differences in strains, species, and genera and will likely identify key genetic features responsible for the beneficial properties ascribed to probiotic lactic acid bacteria. Practical genomics for the lactic acid bacteria promises to establish the genetic landscape, correlate genotypes with desirable phenotypes, establish genetic criteria for strain selection, improve culture stability by stress preconditioning, provide opportunities for metabolic engineering, and uncover a mechanistic basis for the beneficial activities of probiotics when delivered in various foods. This presentation will examine the genomic content of probiotic Lactobacillus cultures, compared to those lactic acid bacterial genomes that have appeared recently. In addition, expression profiling by whole genome microarrays will be used to illustrate how environmental conditions encountered during biomanufacturing, fermentation, and the gastrointestinal tract can impact gene expression and culture functionality. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.12938/bifidus.24.31 VL - 24 IS - 2 SP - 31-33 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Historical dictionary of Jainism [Review] AU - Orcutt, Darby T2 - Choice AB - 1 Editor's Foreword 2 Preface 3 Jain Scriptures 4 Reader's Notes 5 Map of Major Jain Sites in India 6 Chronology 7 Introduction 8 The Dictionary 9 Appendix *The Fourteen Gunasthanas*The Eleven Pratimas*The Jain Festival Calendar*Tirthankaras Cognizances*Tirthankaras' Birth and Nirvana Sites*Tirthankaras' Yaksas and Yaksis 10 Bibliography 11 About the Author DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.5860/choice.42-2549 VL - 42 IS - 5 SP - 828 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dialogue on the Internet: Language, civic identity, and computer-mediated communication [Review] AU - Orcutt, Darby T2 - Choice AB - Introduction: The World in the Post and the Page The Development of Dialogism: An Exploration of Major Influence E-Mail Discussion Messages: A Means for Constructing Civic Identity Websites as Means for Propagating Civic, Political, and Ideological Concepts Conclusion References Cited Index DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.5860/choice.42-5071 VL - 42 IS - 9 SP - 1580 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Rhetoric, Action, and Agency in Institutionalized Science and Technology AU - Kinsella, William J. T2 - TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION QUARTERLY AB - This essay argues that to an unprecedented degree the practices of contemporary science and technology are embedded within complex institutional systems. This embeddedness problematizes received views of rhetorical action and agency, which must be reformulated to locate these principles within larger systems of power/ knowledge. Three sets of resources are identified for this reformulation: theories of organizational rhetoric, Foucauldian studies of knowledge-intensive organizations, and Foucauldian approaches to the philosophy of science. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1207/s15427625tcq1403_8 VL - 14 IS - 3 SP - 303-310 SN - 1542-7625 ER - TY - JOUR TI - One hundred years of nuclear discourse: Four master themes and their implications for environmental communication AU - Kinsella, W. J. T2 - Environmental Communication Yearbook DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1207/s15567362ecy0201_3 VL - 2 SP - 49-72 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nuclear legacies: Communication, controversy, and the U.S. nuclear weapons production complex AU - Taylor, B. C. AU - Kinsella, W. J. AU - Depoe, S. P. AU - Metzler, M. S. T2 - Communication Yearbook DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1207/s15567419cy2901_12 VL - 29 SP - 363-409 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Finding our way(s) in environmental communication: Proceedings of the Seventh Biennial Conference on Communication and Environment DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// PB - Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University ER - TY - JOUR TI - Stem and root carbohydrate dynamics in modern vs. obsolete cotton cultivars AU - Viator, RP AU - Nuti, R AU - Wells, R AU - Edmisten, K T2 - COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS AB - Abstract Starch reserves in the lower stem and root are important sources of photoassimilates for completion of reproductive development in cotton. The objective of this research was to determine if carbohydrate levels in the lower stem and roots have been altered because of more than 100 years of breeding efforts. In 2001 and 2002, 33 cultivars released from 1900 to 2000 were evaluated. In addition, two elite lines were included in 2002. Plants were sampled at first bloom and cutout. Tissues were analyzed for starch content and concentration by using a colorimetric technique. Analysis of variance by year revealed cultivar differences for starch concentration at both sample times, but starch content was only significant at first bloom in 2002. These differences, though, did not show a strong relationship with release date, indicating that a century of breeding efforts had not altered stem and root starch dynamics. Orthogonal contrast did reveal differences in starch content and concentration between obsolete, modern, and elite lines. However, these differences were not consistent across experimental years. At first bloom in 2001, modern cultivars had lower root and stem starch concentrations, 69.8 and 63.6 mg g−1, compared to 94.5 and 84.8 mg g−1 for the obsolete lines. Modern cultivars also had lower root starch content, 537.5 mg, compared to 784.4 mg for the obsolete lines. At cutout in 2001, modern cultivars had lower root and stem starch concentrations, 20.6 and 20.9 mg g−1, compared 39.7 and 32.4 mg g−1 for the obsolete lines. Modern cultivars also had lower stem starch content, 349.0 mg, compared to 518.4 mg for the obsolete lines. These same trends were not seen in 2002. In 2002, modern cultivars did not differ from obsolete cultivars for all parameters. Elite lines, though, had higher stem starch concentrations at cutout, 56.9 mg g−1 compared to 39.5 and 46.6 mg g−1 for the obsolete and modern lines, respectively. Elite lines also had higher stem starch contents at cutout, 318.6 mg compared to 181.7 and 195.7 mg for the obsolete and modern lines, respectively. This higher stem starch concentration and content for elite lines may indicate higher photosynthetic rates. Environmental conditions seem to affect starch dynamics more than genetics when one considers the high significance of year on most data in this study. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1080/00103620500196366 VL - 36 IS - 15-16 SP - 2165-2177 SN - 1532-2416 KW - starch KW - cotton KW - cultivars ER - TY - PAT TI - Endoglucanase gene promoter upregulated by nematodes AU - Davis, E. L. AU - Goellner, M. C2 - 2005/// DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// ER - TY - PAT TI - Compositions for fracturing subterranean formations AU - Kelly, R. M. AU - Khan, S. A. AU - Leduc, P. AU - Tayal, A. AU - Prud'homme, R. K. C2 - 2005/// DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Visualization of helium dielectric barrier discharge treatment of green peach aphids on tobacco leaves AU - Bures, BL AU - Donohue, KV AU - Roe, RM AU - Bourham, MA T2 - IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE AB - Nonthermal nonchemical dielectric barrier discharge treatment of green peach aphids has shown to be an effective method of insect control when the insects are on a synthetic mesh substrate. The efficacy of the treatment, represented as percent mortality, is reduced when the aphids reside on tobacco leaves. The reduction in treatment appears to be the result of streamer formation on the leaves. Although the streamer formation has reduced the treatment for aphids on tobacco leaves under our experimental conditions, control of insects such as lice and fleas that reside on alternative substrates can benefit from dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) treatment. Alternative conditions for the generation of DBD may be possible for insect control on plants. DA - 2005/4// PY - 2005/4// DO - 10.1109/TPS.2005.845035 VL - 33 IS - 2 SP - 290-291 SN - 0093-3813 KW - dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) KW - insect control ER - TY - JOUR TI - Visibility and rhetoric: The power of visual images in Norman Rockwell's depictions of civil rights AU - Gallagher, V AU - Zagacki, KS T2 - QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF SPEECH AB - This essay demonstrates how visual works of art may operate rhetorically to articulate public knowledge, to illustrate the moral challenges facing citizens, and to shape commemorative practices, through an analysis of Norman Rockwell's civil rights paintings of the 1960s. By examining the rhetorical aspects of these paintings, including their form and composition, the essay demonstrates the power of visual works of art to evoke common humanity in three significant ways: (1) disregarding established caricatures; (2) creating recognition of others through particularity; and (3) depicting material aspects of American society, thereby reminding viewers that abstract political concepts are always relative to the individuals or groups whose lives are most directly influenced by their presence or absence. DA - 2005/5// PY - 2005/5// DO - 10.1080/00335630500291448 VL - 91 IS - 2 SP - 175-200 SN - 1479-5779 KW - visual rhetoric KW - Norman Rockwell KW - visibility KW - civil rights ER - TY - JOUR TI - Viral genetic determinants for thrips transmission of Tomato spotted wilt virus AU - Sin, SH AU - McNulty, BC AU - Kennedy, GG AU - Moyer, JW T2 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AB - Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is transmitted exclusively by thrips in nature. A reassortment-based viral genetic system was used to map transmissibility by thrips to the medium (M) RNA of TSWV. To locate determinants of thrips transmission in the M RNA, 30 single-lesion isolates (SLIs) were generated from a single TSWV isolate that was inefficiently transmitted by thrips. Three of the 30 SLIs were transmitted by thrips, and 27 were not. Sequence analysis of the M RNA, thrips transmissibility assays, G C protein analysis, and transmission electron microscopic studies revealed that a specific nonsynonymous mutation (C1375A) in the G N /G C ORF of the M RNA resulted in the loss of thrips transmissibility without inhibition of virion assembly. This was in contrast to other nontransmissible SLIs, which had frameshift and/or nonsense mutations in the G N /G C ORF but were defective in virion assembly. The G C glycoprotein was detectable in the C1375A mutants but not in the frameshift or nonsense mutants. We report a specific viral determinant associated with virus transmission by thrips. In addition, the loss of transmissibility was associated with the accumulation of defective haplotypes in the population, which are not transmissible by thrips, rather than with the presence of a dominant haplotype that is inefficiently transmitted by thrips. These results also indicate that the glycoproteins may not be required for TSWV infection of plant hosts but are required for transmissibility by thrips. DA - 2005/4/5/ PY - 2005/4/5/ DO - 10.1073/pnas.0407354102 VL - 102 IS - 14 SP - 5168-5173 SN - 0027-8424 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pinocchio, a novel protein expressed in the antenna, contributes to olfactory behavior in Drosophila melanogaster AU - Rollmann, SM AU - Mackay, TFC AU - Anholt, RRH T2 - JOURNAL OF NEUROBIOLOGY AB - Most organisms depend on chemoreception for survival and reproduction. In Drosophila melanogaster multigene families of chemosensory receptors and putative odorant binding proteins have been identified. Here, we introduce an additional distinct protein, encoded by the CG4710 gene, that contributes to olfactory behavior. Previously, we identified through P[lArB]-element mutagenesis a smell impaired (smi) mutant, smi21F, with odorant-specific defects in avoidance responses. Here, we show that the smi21F mutant also exhibits reduced attractant responses to some, but not all, of a select group of odorants. Furthermore, electroantennogram amplitudes are increased in smi21F flies. Characterization of flanking sequences of the P[lArB] insertion site, complementation mapping, phenotypic reversion through P-element excision, and expression analysis implicate a predicted gene, CG4710, as the candidate smi gene. CG4710 produces two transcripts that encode proteins that contain conserved cysteines and which are reduced in the smi21F mutant. Furthermore, in situ hybridization reveals CG4710 expression in the third antennal segment. We have named this gene of previously unknown function and its product “Pinocchio (Pino)”. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol., 2005 DA - 2005/5// PY - 2005/5// DO - 10.1002/neu.20123 VL - 63 IS - 2 SP - 146-158 SN - 0022-3034 KW - olfaction KW - P-element mutagenesis KW - behavioral genetics KW - chemoreception ER - TY - JOUR TI - Male and female antennal responses in Heliothis virescens and H subflexa to conspecific and heterospecific sex pheromone compounds AU - Groot, A AU - Gemeno, C AU - Brownie, C AU - Gould, F AU - Schal, C T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY AB - Journal Article Male and Female Antennal Responses in Heliothis virescens and H. subflexa to Conspecific and Heterospecific Sex Pheromone Compounds Get access Astrid Groot, Astrid Groot 1 1Corresponding author: Department of Entomology, Box 7614, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7613 (e-mail: astrid_groot@ncsu.edu). Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar César Gemeno, César Gemeno 2Present address: University of Lleida, Department Producció Vegetal i Ciència Forestal, Rovira Roure, 177, 25198 Lleida, Spain. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cavell Brownie, Cavell Brownie 3Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7613. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Fred Gould, Fred Gould Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Coby Schal Coby Schal Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Environmental Entomology, Volume 34, Issue 2, 1 April 2005, Pages 256–263, https://doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X-34.2.256 Published: 01 April 2005 Article history Received: 06 May 2004 Accepted: 03 December 2004 Published: 01 April 2005 DA - 2005/4// PY - 2005/4// DO - 10.1603/0046-225X-34.2.256 VL - 34 IS - 2 SP - 256-263 SN - 1938-2936 KW - Heliothis virescens KW - Heliothis subflexa KW - electroantennogram KW - species specificity KW - female autodetection ER - TY - JOUR TI - Geographical variation in pheromone response of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera : Crambidae), in North Carolina: A 20-Y perspective AU - Sorenson, CE AU - Kennedy, GG AU - Schal, C AU - Walgenbach, JF T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY AB - Abstract Pheromone traps were used to assess the distribution of two pheromone races of European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), in North Carolina, ≈10 and 20 yr after previous, similar assessments. In the previous studies, moths responding to a 97Z: 3E isomeric blend (Z blend) of 11-tetradecenyl acetate predominated in the far western parts of the state, whereas moths responding to a 3Z: 97E blend (E blend) prevailed in the east, with a substantial zone of overlap occurring in the eastern Piedmont. There was evidence that the E responsive population had expanded westward between 1978 and 1988. In this study, the distribution of the two races seemed to remain essentially unchanged from that observed in the late 1980s, and no evidence of a continued westward expansion of E responsive moths was detected. DA - 2005/10// PY - 2005/10// DO - 10.1603/0046-225X(2005)034[1057:GVIPRO]2.0.CO;2 VL - 34 IS - 5 SP - 1057-1062 SN - 0046-225X KW - pheromone race distribution KW - landscape effects KW - pheromone trapping KW - cone trap ER - TY - JOUR TI - Denaturation and aggregation of three alpha-lactalbumin preparations at neutral pH AU - McGuffey, MK AU - Epting, KL AU - Kelly, RM AU - Foegeding, EA T2 - JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY AB - The denaturation and aggregation of reagent-grade (Σα-La), ion-exchange chromatography purified (IEXα-La), and a commercial-grade (Cα-La) α-lactalbumin were studied with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and turbidity measurement. All three preparations had similar thermal denaturation temperatures with an average of 63.7 °C. Heating pure preparations of α-lactalbumin produced three non-native monomer species and three distinct dimer species. This phenomenon was not observed in Cα-La. Turbidity development at 95 °C (τ95°C) indicated that pure preparations rapidly aggregate at pH 7.0, and evidence suggests that hydrophobic interactions drove this phenomenon. The Cα-La required 4 times the phosphate or excess Ca2+ concentrations to develop a similar τ95°C to the pure preparations and displayed a complex pH-dependent τ95°C behavior. Turbidity development dramatically decreased when the heating temperature was below 95 °C. A mechanism is provided, and the interrelationship between specific electrostatic interactions and hydrophobic attraction, in relation to the formation of disulfide-bonded products, is discussed. Keywords: α-Lactalbumin; whey proteins; denaturation and aggregation DA - 2005/4/20/ PY - 2005/4/20/ DO - 10.1021/jf048863p VL - 53 IS - 8 SP - 3182-3190 SN - 1520-5118 KW - alpha-lactalbumin KW - whey proteins KW - denaturation and aggregation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparison of morphological and chemical properties between juvenile wood and compression wood of loblolly pine AU - Yeh, TF AU - Goldfarb, B AU - Chang, HM AU - Peszlen, I AU - Braun, JL AU - Kadla, JF T2 - HOLZFORSCHUNG AB - Abstract In conifers, juvenile wood (JW) is always associated with compression wood (CW). Due to their similar properties, there is a common belief that JW is the same as CW. To resolve whether JW is identical to CW, 24 rooted cuttings of one loblolly pine clone were planted in growth chambers under normal, artificial bending, and windy environments. The results show that the morphology of JW is significantly different from CW. Furthermore, chemical analyses revealed that JW and CW are significantly different in chemical composition. Our results indicate that JW is different from CW, and the wood formed under a controlled windy environment is a mild type of compression wood. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1515/hf.2005.107 VL - 59 IS - 6 SP - 669-674 SN - 1437-434X KW - C9 formula KW - compression wood KW - fiber quality analysis (FQA) KW - juvenile wood KW - light microscopy KW - loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) KW - nitrobenzene oxidation KW - ozonation KW - sugar analysis ER - TY - JOUR TI - Challenges for rural America in the twenty-first century AU - Schulman, Michael T2 - Contemporary Sociology DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1177/009430610503400239 VL - 34 IS - 2 SP - 172–173 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Transposable element insertion location bias and the dynamics of gene drive in mosquito populations AU - Rasgon, JL AU - Gould, F T2 - INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AB - Some vector-borne disease control strategies using transgenic mosquitoes require transgene spread to high frequency in populations. Transposable elements (TEs) are DNA sequences that replicate and transpose within the genomes of other organisms and may therefore be represented in the next generation in higher frequencies than predicted by Mendelian segregation. This over-representation has allowed some TEs to spread through natural populations. Transgenes incorporated within a TE sequence are expected to be driven into populations as long as there is a positive balance between fitness costs and over-representation. Models have been used to examine parameters that affect this balance but did not take into account biased insertion of TEs to linked sites in the genome. A simulation model was created to examine the impact of insertion bias on TE spread in mosquito populations. TEs that induce no fitness costs are predicted to increase in frequency over a wide range of parameter values but spread is slower for lower levels of transposition and non-local movement. If TEs are costly, high proportions of local movement can slow or halt spread. To function as a robust transgene drive mechanism a TE should replicate and transpose > 10%/insert/generation, induce < 1% fitness cost/insert, and move preferentially to unlinked sites in the genome. DA - 2005/10// PY - 2005/10// DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2005.00580.x VL - 14 IS - 5 SP - 493-500 SN - 0962-1075 KW - transposon KW - gene drive KW - mathematical model KW - mosquito KW - vector-borne disease ER - TY - JOUR TI - Role of internal nutrient storage in duckweed growth for swine wastewater treatment AU - Chaiprapat, S. AU - Cheng, J. J. AU - Classen, J. J. AU - Liehr, S. K. T2 - Transactions of the ASAE AB - The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of the nutrient content of duckweed biomass toduckweed growth in swine wastewater. Batch tests of Spirodela punctata 7776, the selected strain for highest total proteinproduction, were conducted in an environment-controlled growth chamber at 24C and 16 h of light per day. A prolongedgrowth period was observed after the nutrients in the medium were exhausted, indicating that duckweed could use its storednutrients for growth. Prediction of growth using medium concentration as an independent variable was deemed unsuitableto describe this growth. Throughout the 30-day growing period, nitrogen and phosphorus content in the biomass varied from59.7 to 19.7 mgN/gbiomass and from 14.8 to 6.8 mgP/gbiomass (dry weight basis), respectively. The relationship between biomassnitrogen content and specific growth rate of Spirodela punctata 7776 was found to follow Monod-type kinetics with .max of0.24 gN/gbiomass/day and KN of 28.8 mgP/gbiomass. Reduced growth rate was observed in the duckweed culture with highduckweed density (mass per unit area). Effects of the duckweed density on growth rate and nutrient uptake are modeled anddiscussed. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.13031/2013.20088 VL - 48 IS - 6 SP - 2247-2258 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Poly(vinyl alcohol) desizing mechanism via atmospheric pressure plasma exposure AU - Matthews, , SR AU - McCord, MG AU - Bourham, MA T2 - PLASMA PROCESSES AND POLYMERS AB - Abstract Summary: Atmospheric plasma desizing of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films was investigated using PVA films supplied by MonoSol LLC®. The MonoSol (MS) films were exposed to atmospheric plasma for 0.5 to 5.0 min in thirty‐second increments with additional specimens exposed for 8.0 and 10.0 min durations. Plasma treatment included exposure to helium plasma (He), oxygenated‐helium plasma (He/O 2 ), and helium/carbon tetrafluoride (He/CF 4 ) plasma. The treated films were characterized by weight loss, surface ablation, molecular weight, and solubility. Weight loss data suggested a mechanism of continual ablation, which increases with increased exposure time until saturation. Redeposition of ablated species may take place because the treatment is in a closed‐geometry and thus the saturation trend slightly changes. Thickness changes/surface ablation is in good correlation with the weight loss trends, which suggests that the ablation mechanism is responsible for surface removal. Gel permeation chromatography showed a progressive reduction in the weight‐average molecular weight of the PVA chains with increasing treatment durations. This reduction is attributed to chain‐scission caused by plasma exposure. Solubility tests showed an increase in solubility of plasma‐exposed films in methanol, with a decrease in swelling. These results correlate well with the chain‐scission observed through GPC and weight loss trends. On‐line atmospheric pressure plasma desizing of textile materials. magnified image On‐line atmospheric pressure plasma desizing of textile materials. DA - 2005/11/23/ PY - 2005/11/23/ DO - 10.1002/ppap.200500056 VL - 2 IS - 9 SP - 702-708 SN - 1612-8869 KW - atmospheric pressure plasma KW - desizing KW - gel permeation chromatography KW - plasma surface modifications KW - poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) KW - surface ablation ER - TY - JOUR TI - NMR studies on Fraser fir Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. Lignins (vol 59, 488, 2005) AU - Balakshin, MY AU - Capanema, EA AU - Goldfarb, B AU - Frampton, J AU - Kadla, JF T2 - HOLZFORSCHUNG AB - Abstracting & Indexing DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1515/hf.2005.112 VL - 59 IS - 6 SP - 706-706 SN - 1437-434X ER - TY - PCOMM TI - Landscape corridors: Possible dangers? Response AU - Levey, D. J. AU - Bolker, B. M. AU - Tewksbury, J. J. AU - Sargent, S. AU - Haddad, N. M. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// SP - 781- ER - TY - JOUR TI - Framing effects on public opinion about nanotechnology AU - Cobb, MD T2 - SCIENCE COMMUNICATION AB - In this study, I examine whether Americans’ emotions and opinions about nanotechnology are influenced by how the issue is framed. Using data collected from an experiment embedded within a national survey, I find consistent framing effects even though the magnitudes of respondents’ opinion changes are not especially large. Frames about specific risks and benefits of nanotechnology are more influential than frames based on general beliefs about the merits of science, and framing nanotechnology as beneficial is only somewhat less powerful than framing it as risky. I conclude by discussing the implications of these framing effects for future mass opinions about nanotechnology. DA - 2005/12// PY - 2005/12// DO - 10.1177/1075547005281473 VL - 27 IS - 2 SP - 221-239 SN - 1552-8545 KW - nanotechnology KW - framing KW - public opinion ER - TY - JOUR TI - Characterization of the dinuclear metal center of Pyrococcus furiosus prolidase by analysis of targeted mutants AU - Du, XL AU - Tove, S AU - Kast-Hutcheson, K AU - Grunden, AM T2 - FEBS LETTERS AB - Prolidases are dipeptidases specific for cleavage of Xaa‐Pro dipeptides. Pyrococcus furiosus prolidase is a homodimer having one Co‐bound dinuclear metal cluster per monomer with one tightly bound Co(II) site and the other loosely bound ( K d 0.24 mM). To identify which Co site is tight‐binding and which is loose‐binding, site‐directed mutagenesis was used to modify amino acid residues that participate in binding the Co1 (E‐313 and H‐284), the Co2 site (D‐209) or the bidentate ligand (E‐327). Metal‐content, enzyme activity and CD‐spectra analyses of D209A‐, H284L‐, and E327L‐prolidase mutants show that Co1 is the tight‐binding and Co2 the loose‐binding metal center. DA - 2005/11/7/ PY - 2005/11/7/ DO - 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.09.086 VL - 579 IS - 27 SP - 6140-6146 SN - 1873-3468 KW - prolidase KW - aminopeptidase KW - dinuclear metal center KW - cobalt enzyme KW - Pyrococcus furiosus ER - TY - JOUR TI - Yield and physiological response of nontransgenic cotton to simulated glyphosate drift AU - Thomas, WE AU - Burke, IC AU - Robinson, BL AU - Pline-Srnic, WA AU - Edmisten, KL AU - Wells, R AU - Wilcut, JW T2 - WEED TECHNOLOGY AB - Field studies were conducted in 2001 in Lewiston, NC, and in 2002 at Clayton and Lewiston, NC, to investigate the response of nontransgenic cotton to simulated glyphosate drift in a weed-free environment. Nontransgenic cotton variety ‘Fibermax 989’ was planted in a conventional seedbed at all locations. Glyphosate treatments were applied early postemergence (EPOST) at the four-leaf growth stage of cotton at 0, 8.7, 17.5, 35, 70, 140, 280, 560, and 1,120 g ai/ha and represent 0, 0.78, 1.55, 3.13, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100% of the commercial use rate, respectively. Rates as low as 140 g/ha caused lint yield reductions depending on year and location. When averaged over all locations, lint yield reductions of 4, 49, 72, and 87% compared with nontreated cotton were observed with glyphosate rates of 140, 280, 560, and 1,120 g/ha, respectively. Visual injury and shikimic acid accumulation were evident at glyphosate rates greater or equal to 70 g/ha. Collectively, visual injury and shikimic acid accumulation at 7 d after EPOST treatment might be used as a diagnostic indicator to predict potential yield reductions from simulated glyphosate drift.Nomenclature: Glyphosate; cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. ‘Fibermax 989’.Additional index words: Shikimic acid.Abbreviations: DAT, days after early postemergence treatment; DD, degree-day; EPOST, early postemergence; EPSPS, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase [EC 2.5.1.19]; HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography; PDS, postemergence-directed; POST, postemergence; PRE, preemergence. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1614/WT-03-194R VL - 19 IS - 1 SP - 35-42 SN - 1550-2740 KW - shikimic acid ER - TY - JOUR TI - Summer weeds as hosts for Frankliniella occidentalis and Frankliniella fusca (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and as reservoirs for tomato spotted wilt tospovirus in North Carolina AU - Kahn, N. D. AU - Walgenbach, T. F. AU - Kennedy, George T2 - Journal of Economic Entomology AB - In North Carolina, Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (family Bunyaviridae, genus Tospovirus, TSWV) is vectored primarily by the tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), and the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). TSWV overwinters in winter annual weeds from which it is spread to susceptible crops in spring. Because most susceptible crops are destroyed after harvest before winter weeds emerge in the fall, infected summer weeds are thought to be the principal source for spread of TSWV to winter annual weeds in fall. A survey of summer weeds associated with TSWV-susceptible crops in the coastal plain of North Carolina conducted between May and October revealed that relatively few species were commonly infected with TSWV and supported populations of F. fusca or F. occidentalis. F. occidentalis made up > 75% of vector species collected from 15 summer weed species during 2002. The number of F. occidentalis and F. fusca immatures collected from plant samples varied significantly among plant species. Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth, Mollugo verticillata L., Cassia obtusifolia L., and Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats supported the largest numbers of immature F. occidentalis. Richardia scabra L., M. verticillata, and Ipomoea hederacea (L.) supported the largest numbers of F. fusca immatures. TSWV was present at 16 of 17 locations, and naturally occurring infections were found in 14 of 29 weed species tested. Five of the TSWV-infected species have not previously been reported as hosts of TSWV (A. palmeri, Solidago altissima L., Ipomoea lacunosa L., I. purpurea, and Phytolacca americana L.). Estimated rates of infection were highest in I. purpurea (6.8%), M. verticillata (5.3%), and I. hederacea (1.9%). When both the incidence of infection by TSWV and the populations of F. occidentalis and F. fusca associated with each weed species are considered, the following summer weed species have the potential to act as significant sources for spread of TSWV to winter annual weeds in fall: I. purpurea, I. hederacea, M. verticillata, A. palmeri, C. obtusifolia, R. scabra, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Polygonum pensylvanicum L., and Chenopodium album L. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1093/jee/98.6.1810 VL - 98 IS - 6 SP - 1810–1815 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Responses of soil microbial community structure and diversity to agricultural deintensification AU - Zhang, W. J. AU - Rui, W. Y. AU - Tu, C. AU - Diab, H. G. AU - Louws, F. J. AU - Mueller, J. P. AU - Creamer, N. AU - Bell, M. AU - Wagger, M. G. AU - Hu, S. T2 - Pedosphere DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 15 IS - 4 SP - 440-447 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Production of a thermostable archaeal superoxide reductase in plant cells AU - Im, YJ AU - Ji, MK AU - Lee, AM AU - Boss, WF AU - Grunden, AM T2 - FEBS LETTERS AB - Pyrococcus furiosus superoxide reductase (SOR) is a thermostable archaeal enzyme that reduces superoxide without producing oxygen. When produced as a fusion protein with the green fluorescent protein in plant cells, P. furiosus SOR is located in the cytosol and nucleus. The recombinant SOR enzyme retains its function and heat stability when assayed in vitro. Importantly, expressing SOR in plant cells enhances their survival at high temperature indicating that it functions in vivo. The archaeal SOR provides a novel mechanism to reduce superoxide and demonstrates the potential for using archaeal genes to alter eukaryotic metabolism. DA - 2005/10/24/ PY - 2005/10/24/ DO - 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.09.015 VL - 579 IS - 25 SP - 5521-5526 SN - 1873-3468 KW - archaeal KW - heat-stress KW - hyperthermophile KW - plant KW - reactive oxygen species KW - superoxide dismutase KW - superoxide reductase ER - TY - JOUR TI - Prediction of loblolly pine wood properties using transmittance near-infrared spectroscopy AU - Sykes, R AU - Li, BL AU - Hodge, G AU - Goldfarb, B AU - Kadla, J AU - Chang, HM T2 - CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH AB - Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a rapid nondestructive technique that has been used to characterize chemical and physical properties of a wide range of materials. In this study, transmittance NIR spectra from thin wood wafers cut from increment cores were used to develop calibration models for the estimation of α-cellulose content, average fiber length, fiber coarseness, and lignin content in the laboratory. Eleven-year-old trees from two sites were sampled using 12-mm increment cores. Earlywood and latewood of ring 3 and ring 8 from these samples were analyzed in the laboratory using microanalytical methods for α-cellulose content, average fiber length, fiber coarseness, and lignin content. NIR calibrations and laboratory measurements based on one site were generally reliable, with coefficients of determination (R 2 ) ranging from 0.54 to 0.88 for average fiber length and α-cellulose content, respectively. Predicting ring 8 properties using ring 3 calibration equations showed potential for predicting α-cellulose content and fiber coarseness, with R 2 values of approximately 0.60, indicating the potential for early selection. Predicting the wood properties using the calibration equations from one site to predict another showed moderate success for α-cellulose content (R 2 = 0.64) and fiber coarseness (R 2 = 0.63), but predictions for fiber length were relatively poor (R 2 = 0.43). Prediction of lignin content using transmittance NIR spectroscopy was not as reliable in this study, partially because of low variation in lignin content in these wood samples and large errors in measuring lignin content in the laboratory. DA - 2005/10// PY - 2005/10// DO - 10.1139/X05-161 VL - 35 IS - 10 SP - 2423-2431 SN - 1208-6037 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Movement of proteins across the digestive system of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens AU - Jeffers, LA AU - Thompson, DM AU - Ben-Yakir, D AU - Roe, RM T2 - ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA AB - Abstract Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and anti‐BSA polyclonal antibody were used as model polypeptides to examine the movement of foreign proteins across the insect digestive system and their accumulation in hemolymph of fourth stadium tobacco budworms, Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Hydrateable meal pads were developed in these studies as a method for easily introducing compounds into the insect digestive system. When insects were allowed to feed continuously on hydrated meal pads containing 0.8 mg of anti‐BSA per gram diet, the level of antibody found in hemolymph was 2.4 ± 0.1 and 3.4 ± 0.1 µg ml −1 (average 1 SEM) after 8 and 16 h, respectively, as determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). Continuous feeding on hydrated meal pads containing the same concentration of BSA produced hemolymph concentrations of 1.5 ± 0.1 and 1.6 ± 0.1 µg ml −1 hemolymph at 8 and 16 h, respectively. Western blot analyses demonstrated that BSA and anti‐BSA both retained their primary and multimeric structure and that anti‐BSA maintained its antigenic activity in the meal pads and after movement from meal pads into the hemolymph. When 1 µg of anti‐BSA or BSA was injected into the hemocoel of fourth instars, the concentrations decreased with time and 120 min after injection were 20% and 0.6% of the original concentration, respectively. When added at the same concentration to plasma in vitro, the decrease was 81.5% and 57.5%, respectively, at 2 h. The accumulation of native anti‐BSA and BSA protein in insect hemolymph is the result of their rate of movement across the gut and their rate of turnover in hemolymph. Movement of anti‐BSA and BSA across the digestive system was also noted in Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Acheta domesticus (L.) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae), and Gromphadorhina portentosa (Schaum) (Blattaria: Blattellidae). Anti‐BSA and BSA were not detected in the hemolymph of Manduca sexta (L.) (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) after feeding. DA - 2005/11// PY - 2005/11// DO - 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2005.00342.x VL - 117 IS - 2 SP - 135-146 SN - 1570-7458 KW - meal pad KW - protein delivery KW - peptide KW - BSA KW - anti-BSA KW - midgut KW - hemolymph KW - Lepidoptera KW - Noctuidae ER - TY - JOUR TI - Management of spotted wilt vectored by Frankliniella fusca (Thysanoptera : Thripidae) in Virginia market-type peanut AU - Hurt, CA AU - Brandenburg, RL AU - Jordan, DL AU - Kennedy, GG AU - Bailey, JE T2 - JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY DA - 2005/10// PY - 2005/10// DO - 10.1603/0022-0493-98.5.1435 VL - 98 IS - 5 SP - 1435-1440 SN - 1938-291X KW - Frankliniella fusca KW - planting date KW - tobacco thrips KW - Tomato spotted wilt virus KW - TSWV ER - TY - JOUR TI - A link between ethylene and auxin uncovered by the characterization of two root-specific ethylene-insensitive mutants in Arabidopsis AU - Stepanova, AN AU - Hoyt, JM AU - Hamilton, AA AU - Alonso, JM T2 - PLANT CELL AB - The plant hormone ethylene participates in the regulation of a variety of developmental processes and serves as a key mediator of plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress factors. The diversity of ethylene functions is achieved, at least in part, by combinatorial interactions with other hormonal signals. Here, we show that ethylene-triggered inhibition of root growth, one of the classical effects of ethylene in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings, is mediated by the action of the WEAK ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE2/ANTHRANILATE SYNTHASE alpha1 (WEI2/ASA1) and WEI7/ANTHRANILATE SYNTHASE beta1 (ASB1) genes that encode alpha- and beta-subunits of a rate-limiting enzyme of Trp biosynthesis, anthranilate synthase. Upregulation of WEI2/ASA1 and WEI7/ASB1 by ethylene results in the accumulation of auxin in the tip of primary root, whereas loss-of-function mutations in these genes prevent the ethylene-mediated auxin increase. Furthermore, wei2 and wei7 suppress the high-auxin phenotypes of superroot1 (sur1) and sur2, two auxin-overproducing mutants, suggesting that the roles of WEI2 and WEI7 in the regulation of auxin biosynthesis are not restricted to the ethylene response. Together, these findings reveal that ASA1 and ASB1 are key elements in the regulation of auxin production and an unexpected node of interaction between ethylene responses and auxin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. This study provides a mechanistic explanation for the root-specific ethylene insensitivity of wei2 and wei7, illustrating how interactions between hormones can be used to achieve response specificity. DA - 2005/8// PY - 2005/8// DO - 10.1105/tpc.105.033365 VL - 17 IS - 8 SP - 2230-2242 SN - 1532-298X UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-27744445823&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Variable intake, compensatory growth, and increased growth efficiency in fish: Models and mechanisms AU - Skalski, GT AU - Picha, ME AU - Gilliam, JF AU - Borski, RJ T2 - ECOLOGY AB - Resources fluctuate in space and time, and animals routinely experience temporally varying opportunities for resource intake, and variation in intake itself. We investigate consequences of such variation in intake on growth and growth efficiency (growth per unit intake) in juvenile hybrid striped bass. We observed, after statistically accounting for the effects of total consumption and initial body size, that individuals receiving a low ration followed by a higher ration (the fluctuating ration) grew faster than individuals receiving a temporally constant ration (the normal ration). To interpret this increase in growth efficiency, we consider a set of alternative models representing different physiological hypotheses of the growth process. Using a simple growth model, an analytical result shows that the fluctuating ration as typically applied in experiments (a low ration followed by a high ration), independent of any change in physiology, increases growth efficiency relative to individuals on the normal ration. Growth efficiency increases because cumulative maintenance costs are lower for individuals that stay small initially and then grow rapidly in comparison to individuals that grow steadily. Further, a statistical analysis of alternative models inferred that fish receiving a variable ration show higher assimilation and/or conversion efficiencies of food and lower mass-specific maintenance costs. Our analysis suggests that the lower cumulative maintenance costs incurred over a time interval with low consumption followed by high consumption act in association with higher assimilation-conversion efficiencies, and lower overall mass-specific maintenance costs to increase growth efficiency in hybrid striped bass. DA - 2005/6// PY - 2005/6// DO - 10.1890/04-0896 VL - 86 IS - 6 SP - 1452-1462 SN - 1939-9170 KW - bioenergetics KW - compensatory growth KW - energy budget model KW - experiment KW - hybrid striped bass ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mist level influences vapor pressure deficit and gas exchange during rooting of juvenile stem cuttings of loblolly pine AU - LeBude, A. V. AU - Goldfarb, B. AU - Blazich, F. A. AU - Frampton, J. AU - Wise, F. C. T2 - HortScience DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 40 IS - 5 SP - 1448-1456 ER - TY - JOUR TI - In vivo role of 20-hydroxyecdysone in the regulation of the vitellogenin mRNA and egg development in the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say) AU - Thompson, DM AU - Khalil, SMS AU - Jeffers, LA AU - Ananthapadmanaban, U AU - Sonenshine, DE AU - Mitchell, RD AU - Osgood, CJ AU - Apperson, CS AU - Roe, RM T2 - JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY AB - Injection of the hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-E) into partially fed (virgin) female adults of the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis, while they are attached and feeding on the rabbit host, initiated the expression of the vitellogenin (Vg) gene, and Vg protein secretion and uptake by the ovary. The induction of egg production by 20-E in this bioassay was dose dependent in the range of 1–50 times the concentration normally found in a replete, vitellogenic female. Ticks examined 4 d after the 50× treatment were still attached to the host, had numerous enlarged vitellin-filled (brown) oocytes in their ovaries, but had not engorged to repletion. The ovaries reached weights similar to those found in untreated, replete (mated) females (pre-oviposition) while solvent-injected controls demonstrated no increase in oocyte size or increase in ovary weight. An increase in the levels of a putative Vg protein was observed in hemolymph samples collected 1, 2 and 3 d post-20-E injection but was not observed in the corresponding solvent controls as determined by native PAGE. Analysis of the ecdysteroid-induced protein by tryptic digestion-mass fingerprinting and BLASTP found that the putative Vg had the strongest match to GP80 (U49934), the partial sequence for the vitellogenin protein from Boophilus microplus. A partial Vg cDNA was cloned and sequenced from replete females of D. variabilis with a high similarity to GP80. Using this message as a probe, Northern blots conducted with RNA collected from partially fed, virgin females 1, 2 and 3 d post-20-E injection showed upregulation of the Vg mRNA on all 3 days. Controls injected with solvent only showed no Vg mRNA. Injections with juvenile hormone III did not stimulate Vg expression, oocyte growth or full engorgement. These studies indicate that ecdysteroids and not JH can initiate expression of the Vg gene, Vg protein synthesis and release into hemolymph, and Vg uptake into developing oocytes under bioassay conditions mimicking normal feeding on the host. DA - 2005/10// PY - 2005/10// DO - 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2005.05.011 VL - 51 IS - 10 SP - 1105-1116 SN - 1879-1611 KW - 20-hydroxyecdysone KW - juvenile hormone KW - vitellogenin KW - vitellin KW - tick ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of helium atmospheric pressure plasma treatment on low-stress mechanical properties of polypropylene nonwoven fabrics AU - Hwang, YJ AU - McCord, MG AU - An, JS AU - Kang, BC AU - Park, SW T2 - TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL AB - Polypropylene nonwoven fabrics are treated by He atmospheric pressure glow discharge plasma. After plasma treatment, weight loss (%), surface properties (wettability, morphology, and chemical composition changes), tensile strength, low-stress mechanical properties, and air permeability of the fabrics are examined. Scanning electron microscopy analysis shows significant surface morphology changes in plasma-treated polypropylene fiber surfaces, corresponding to reductions in fabric weight. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis reveals that surface oxidation by the formation of hydrophilic groups enhances the surface wettability of the fabrics. Surface morphology changes with plasma treatment increase fiber-to-fiber friction, playing an important role in enhancing their tensile strength, low-stress mechanical properties, and air permeability. DA - 2005/11// PY - 2005/11// DO - 10.1177/0040517505053805 VL - 75 IS - 11 SP - 771-778 SN - 1746-7748 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Assessment of sublethal effects of methoxyfenozide on oriental fruit moth (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) AU - Borchert, DM AU - Walgenbach, JF AU - Kennedy, GG T2 - JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY AB - Sublethal effects of the insect growth regulator methoxyfenozide were examined in oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck), in laboratory and field studies. In laboratory studies, oriental fruit moth larvae reared on diet amended with 0.1 ppm methoxyfenozide developed at the same rate as larvae reared on untreated diet, and paired moths reared as larvae from the same treated or untreated diets exhibited similar fecundity and fertility. Population growth differences over multiple generations were used to examine sublethal effects of methoxyfenozide on population dynamics in the field. Multiple single-tree cages were placed over apple (Malus spp.) trees treated with two applications of methoxyfenozide (70 g [AI] /ha) and nontreated trees. Cages were infested at a single time point with virgin male and female oriental fruit moth adults, and population growth was evaluated by egg counts, shoot infestation, fruit damage, and larval counts over a 12-wk period. Significantly fewer eggs, larvae, and damaged fruit were found on methoxyfenozide-treated compared with nontreated trees in 2001. Observed population differences may have been a result of direct mortality to eggs and larvae of the first generation rather than sublethal effects. In 2002, no differences were observed between treatments, but a heavy rain event shortly after the early infestation impacted the experiment. A late moth release treatment was tested in 2002 to examine the effects of residual methoxyfenozide 55 d after initial application. Significantly fewer eggs were found in the methoxyfenozide treatment compared with the control, but no differences existed among treatments in shoot infestation, percentage of damaged fruit, or larval populations. It was concluded direct mortality of eggs and larvae exposed to methoxyfenozide rather than sublethal effects were most important in reduction of subsequent generations. DA - 2005/6// PY - 2005/6// DO - 10.1603/0022-0493-98.3.765 VL - 98 IS - 3 SP - 765-771 SN - 1938-291X KW - methoxyfenozide KW - oriental fruit moth KW - sublethal effects ER - TY - JOUR TI - An expression-driven approach to the prediction of carbohydrate transport and utilization regulons in the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima AU - Conners, SB AU - Montero, CI AU - Comfort, DA AU - Shockley, KR AU - Johnson, MR AU - Chhabra, , SR AU - Kelly, RM T2 - JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY AB - ABSTRACT Comprehensive analysis of genome-wide expression patterns during growth of the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima on 14 monosaccharide and polysaccharide substrates was undertaken with the goal of proposing carbohydrate specificities for transport systems and putative transcriptional regulators. Saccharide-induced regulons were predicted through the complementary use of comparative genomics, mixed-model analysis of genome-wide microarray expression data, and examination of upstream sequence patterns. The results indicate that T. maritima relies extensively on ABC transporters for carbohydrate uptake, many of which are likely controlled by local regulators responsive to either the transport substrate or a key metabolic degradation product. Roles in uptake of specific carbohydrates were suggested for members of the expanded Opp/Dpp family of ABC transporters. In this family, phylogenetic relationships among transport systems revealed patterns of possible duplication and divergence as a strategy for the evolution of new uptake capabilities. The presence of GC-rich hairpin sequences between substrate-binding proteins and other components of Opp/Dpp family transporters offers a possible explanation for differential regulation of transporter subunit genes. Numerous improvements to T. maritima genome annotations were proposed, including the identification of ABC transport systems originally annotated as oligopeptide transporters as candidate transporters for rhamnose, xylose, β-xylan, andβ -glucans and identification of genes likely to encode proteins missing from current annotations of the pentose phosphate pathway. Beyond the information obtained for T. maritima , the present study illustrates how expression-based strategies can be used for improving genome annotation in other microorganisms, especially those for which genetic systems are unavailable. DA - 2005/11// PY - 2005/11// DO - 10.1128/JB.187.21.7267-7282.2005 VL - 187 IS - 21 SP - 7267-7282 SN - 1098-5530 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ways of thinking about and teaching ethical problem solving: Microethics and macroethics in engineering AU - Herkert, , JR T2 - SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ETHICS DA - 2005/7// PY - 2005/7// DO - 10.1007/s11948-005-0006-3 VL - 11 IS - 3 SP - 373-385 SN - 1471-5546 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-25444478317&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - macroethics KW - STS KW - professional societies KW - corporate responsibility KW - engineering ethics KW - ethical problem solving KW - online resources ER - TY - JOUR TI - Understanding and predicting the effects of sparse data on demographic analyses AU - Doak, DF AU - Gross, K AU - Morris, WF T2 - ECOLOGY AB - Demographic models are an increasingly important tool in population biology. However, these models, especially stochastic matrix models, are based upon a multitude of parameters that must usually be estimated with only a few years of data and limited sample sizes within each year, calling into question the accuracy of the results of these models. We first discuss how these data limitations create sampling uncertainty and bias in the estimated parameters for a stochastic demography model. Next, we ask whether limited data can favor the construction of deterministic models that ignore variation and correlation of rates. With less than five years of data, the mean squared error of deterministic models will sometimes be smaller than that of stochastic models, favoring the use of simple models, even when their predictions are known to be biased. Finally, we introduce a procedure to estimate the sampling variation around population growth rate estimates made from demographic models that are based on specified sampling durations and intensities. DA - 2005/5// PY - 2005/5// DO - 10.1890/04-0611 VL - 86 IS - 5 SP - 1154-1163 SN - 1939-9170 KW - covariance KW - demography KW - matrix KW - rarity KW - stochasticity KW - variability KW - viability ER - TY - JOUR TI - The distributions of the duplicate oestrogen receptors ER-beta a and ER-beta b in the forebrain of the Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus): evidence for subfunctionalization after gene duplication AU - Hawkins, MB AU - Godwin, J AU - Crews, D AU - Thomas, P T2 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AB - Teleost fishes have three distinct oestrogen receptor (ER) subtypes: ER-alpha, ER-beta a (or ER-gamma) and ER-beta b. ER-beta a and ER-beta b arose from a duplication of an ancestral ER-beta gene early in the teleost lineage. Here, we describe the distribution of the three ER mRNAs in the hypothalamus and cerebellum of the Atlantic croaker to address two issues: the specific functions of multiple ERs in the neuroendocrine system and the evolution and fate of duplicated genes. ER-alpha was detected in nuclei of the preoptic area (POA) and hypothalamus previously shown to possess ER-alphas in teleosts. AcER-beta b, but not ER-beta a, labelling was detected in the magnocellular neurons of the POA, nucleus posterior tuberis, the nucleus recessus posterior and cerebellum. By contrast, acER-beta a, but not ER-beta b, was detected in the dorsal anterior parvocellular POA and suprachiasmatic nucleus. Both ER-betas were found in posterior parvocellular and ventral anterior POA nuclei, the ventral hypothalamus, and periventricular dorsal hypothalamus. The differences we observed in ER subtype mRNA distribution within well-characterized brain nuclei suggest that ER-beta a and ER-beta b have distinct functions in the neuroendocrine control of reproduction and behaviour, and provide evidence that the teleost ER-beta paralogues have partitioned functions of the ancestral ER-beta gene they shared with tetrapods. DA - 2005/3/22/ PY - 2005/3/22/ DO - 10.1098/rspb.2004.3008 VL - 272 IS - 1563 SP - 633-641 SN - 1471-2954 KW - oestrogen receptor KW - gene duplication KW - teleostfishes KW - neuroendocrine regulation KW - hypothalamus KW - brain ER - TY - JOUR TI - Stumping height, crown position, and age of parent tree influence rooting of stem cuttings of fraser fir AU - Rosier, C. L. AU - Frampton, J. AU - Goldfarb, B. AU - Wise, F. C. AU - Blazich, F. A. T2 - HortScience DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 40 IS - 3 SP - 771-777 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Predicted genetic gains and testing efficiency from two loblolly pine clonal trials AU - Isik, F AU - Goldfarb, B AU - LeBude, A AU - Li, BL AU - McKeand, S T2 - CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH AB - Clonal field trials were established at two sites using rooted cuttings from 450 clones of eight full-sib families of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Height, survival, fusiform rust infection (caused by Cronartium quercuum (Berk) Miyabe ex Shirai f.sp. fusiforme), bole straightness, and diameter were measured after four growing seasons. There were significant differences among full-sib families and among clones within families for all traits studied. Moderately high within-family repeatabilities of clone means (0.50 to 0.75) for growth traits and a very high within-family repeatability of clone means (0.94) for fusiform rust infection were estimated. When the best eight clones were selected regardless of family structure, the volume yield was 52% greater than that of the unimproved seedlings at two sites. Selection of the best two clones from each of four families produced only slightly lower estimated genetic gains than the above scenario. The probability of fusiform rust infection ranged from 0.08 to 0.93 among clones at the South Carolina site. Predicted genetic gain for rust resistance was relatively insensitive to selection intensity, as there were numerous clones with high apparent resistance. The number of ramets per clone necessary to reliably characterize performance on one site was estimated to be between four and six. These results contribute to estimates of the gains available from clonal forestry and will help guide clonal testing and selection programs. Implementation of clonal forestry and cost issues are discussed. DA - 2005/7// PY - 2005/7// DO - 10.1139/X05-064 VL - 35 IS - 7 SP - 1754-1766 SN - 1208-6037 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nematodes. Sophisticated parasites of legumes AU - Davis, EL AU - Mitchum, MG T2 - PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AB - From an agronomic perspective, the interactions of phytoparasitic nematodes with leguminous crops can be devastating ([Barker, 1998][1]). On a cellular and molecular level, the complexities of the interactions of these microscopic worms with legumes are comparable to those of well-known symbionts ([ DA - 2005/4// PY - 2005/4// DO - 10.1104/pp.104.054973 VL - 137 IS - 4 SP - 1182-1188 SN - 1532-2548 ER - TY - JOUR TI - In vivo processing and isolation of furin protease-sensitive alphavirus glycoproteins: a new technique for producing mutations in virus assembly AU - Nelson, S AU - Hernandez, R AU - Ferreira, D AU - Brown, DT T2 - VIROLOGY AB - Sindbis virus particles are composed of three structural proteins (Capsid/E2/E1). In the mature virion the E1 glycoprotein is organized in a highly constrained, energy-rich conformation. It is hypothesized that this energy is utilized to drive events that deliver the viral genome to the cytoplasm of a host cell. The extraction of the E1 glycoprotein from virus membranes with detergent results in disulfide-bridge rearrangement and the collapse of the protein to a number of low-energy, non-native configurations. In a new approach to the production of membrane-free membrane glycoproteins, furin protease recognition motifs were installed at various positions in the E1 glycoprotein ectodomain. Proteins containing the furin-sensitive sites undergo normal folding and assembly in the endoplasmic reticulum and only experience the consequence of the mutation during transport to the cell surface. Processing by furin in the Golgi results in the release of the protein from the membrane. Processing of the proteins also impacts the envelopment of the nucleocapsid in the modified plasma membrane. This technique provides a unique method for studying the mechanism of virus assembly and protein structure without altering crucial early events in protein assembly, folding, and maturation. DA - 2005/2/20/ PY - 2005/2/20/ DO - 10.1016/j.virol.2004.12.013 VL - 332 IS - 2 SP - 629-639 SN - 0042-6822 KW - alphavirus KW - Sindbis KW - membrane glycoproteins KW - form protease KW - virus assembly ER - TY - JOUR TI - In vitro reconstitution of an NADPH-dependent superoxide reduction pathway from Pyrococcus furiosus AU - Grunden, AA AU - Jenney, FE AU - Ma, KS AU - Ji, MY AU - Weinberg, MV AU - Adams, MWW T2 - APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY AB - ABSTRACT A scheme for the detoxification of superoxide in Pyrococcus furiosus has been previously proposed in which superoxide reductase (SOR) reduces (rather than dismutates) superoxide to hydrogen peroxide by using electrons from reduced rubredoxin (Rd). Rd is reduced with electrons from NAD(P)H by the enzyme NAD(P)H:rubredoxin oxidoreductase (NROR). The goal of the present work was to reconstitute this pathway in vitro using recombinant enzymes. While recombinant forms of SOR and Rd are available, the gene encoding P. furiosus NROR (PF1197) was found to be exceedingly toxic to Escherichia coli , and an active recombinant form (rNROR) was obtained via a fusion protein expression system, which produced an inactive form of NROR until cleavage. This allowed the complete pathway from NAD(P)H to the reduction of SOR via NROR and Rd to be reconstituted in vitro using recombinant proteins. rNROR is a 39.9-kDa protein whose sequence contains both flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)- and NAD(P)H-binding motifs, and it shares significant similarity with known and putative Rd-dependent oxidoreductases from several anaerobic bacteria, both mesophilic and hyperthermophilic. FAD was shown to be essential for activity in reconstitution assays and could not be replaced by flavin mononucleotide (FMN). The bound FAD has a midpoint potential of −173 mV at 23°C (−193 mV at 80°C). Like native NROR, the recombinant enzyme catalyzed the NADPH-dependent reduction of rubredoxin both at high (80°C) and low (23°C) temperatures, consistent with its proposed role in the superoxide reduction pathway. This is the first demonstration of in vitro superoxide reduction to hydrogen peroxide using NAD(P)H as the electron donor in an SOR-mediated pathway. DA - 2005/3// PY - 2005/3// DO - 10.1128/AEM.71.3.1522-1530.2005 VL - 71 IS - 3 SP - 1522-1530 SN - 1098-5336 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genorne-wide transcriptional variation within and between steady states for continuous growth of the hyperthermophile Thermotoga maritima AU - Shockley, KR AU - Scott, KL AU - Pysz, MA AU - Conners, SB AU - Johnson, MR AU - Montero, CI AU - Wolfinger, RD AU - Kelly, RM T2 - APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY AB - Maltose-limited, continuous growth of the hyperthermophile Thermotoga maritima at different temperatures and dilution rates (80 degrees C/0.25 h(-1), 80 degrees C/0.17 h(-1), and 85 degrees C/0.25 h(-1)) showed that transcriptome-wide variation in gene expression within mechanical steady states was minimal compared to that between steady states, supporting the efficacy of chemostat-based approaches for functional genomics studies. DA - 2005/9// PY - 2005/9// DO - 10.1128/AEM.71.9.5572-5576.2005 VL - 71 IS - 9 SP - 5572-5576 SN - 1098-5336 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ethylene signalling and response pathway: A unique signalling cascade with a multitude of inputs and outputs AU - STEPANOVA, ANNA AU - Alonso, Jose T2 - Physiologia Plantarum DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1111/j/1399-3054.2004.00447 VL - 123 IS - 2 SP - 195–206 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Developmental expression and molecular analysis of two Meloidogyne incognita pectate lyase genes AU - Huang, GZ AU - Dong, RH AU - Allen, R AU - Davis, EL AU - Baum, TJ AU - Hussey, RS T2 - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY AB - Proteinaceous secretions from the oesophageal glands of plant-parasitic nematodes have crucial roles in nematode parasitism of plants. Two cDNAs (designated Mi-pel-1 and Mi-pel-2) encoding pectate lyases were isolated from the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, oesophageal gland-cell subtractive cDNA libraries, and the corresponding genomic DNAs were subsequently cloned. Southern blot analyses revealed that homologues to these pectate lyase genes were broadly distributed in Meloidogyne species, and present as members of a small multigene family. Mi-pel-1 and Mi-pel-2 encoded, respectively, predicted proteins of 271 and 280 amino acids, each of which was preceded by a signal peptide for secretion. Interestingly, these pectate lyases showed diversity at the amino acid level, with only 31% identity and 49% similarity. These pectate lyases were classified into the same family of pectate lyases with those of other phytoparasitic nematodes that contain four conserved regions characteristic of the class III pectate lyases of microbes. In situ mRNA hybridisation analyses showed the transcripts of Mi-pel-1 and Mi-pel-2 accumulated exclusively within the subventral oesophageal gland cells of M. incognita. RT-PCR analysis confirmed that their transcriptions were strong at the pre-parasitic and early parasitic second-stage juveniles, and not detectable at the late parasitic stages of the nematodes. These results indicated that these pectate lyases, like cellulases, could be secreted into plant tissues to facilitate the penetration and intercellular migration of M. incognita during the early stages of plant parasitism. DA - 2005/5// PY - 2005/5// DO - 10.1016/j.ijpara.2005.01.006 VL - 35 IS - 6 SP - 685-692 SN - 0020-7519 KW - root-knot nematode KW - pectate lyase KW - oesophageal gland cells KW - plant parasitic nematode ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genetic basis of resistance to Cry1Ac and Cry2Aa in Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) AU - Gahan, LJ AU - Ma, YT AU - Coble, MLM AU - Gould, F AU - Moar, WJ AU - Heckel, DG T2 - JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY AB - The development of pest resistance to transgenic crop plants producing insecticidal toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) poses a major threat to their sustainable use in agriculture. "Pyramiding" two toxins with different modes of actions in the same plant is now being used to delay the evolution of resistance in the insects, but this strategy could fail if a single gene in a pest confers resistance to both toxins. The CP73 strain of the cotton pest Heliothis virescens (F.) is resistant to both Cry1Ac and Cry2Aa toxins from Bt. We explored the genetic basis of resistance in this strain with a backcross, split-family design. The gene with the largest effect on Cry1Ac resistance in CP73 (BtR-5) maps to linkage group 10 of H. virescens and thus differs from the previously described linkage group 9 BtR-4 resistance found in the YHD2 strain, involving mutation of the gene encoding a 12-domain cadherin-like binding target of the Cry1A toxins. Neither BtR-4 nor BtR-5 seems to confer significant resistance to Cry2Aa. A majority of the linkage groups studied in one backcross family made a small positive contribution to resistance for both toxins. Thus, the Cry2Aa resistance in CP73 is not caused by either of the two major Cry1Ac resistance-conferring genes but instead probably has a quantitative genetic basis. DA - 2005/8// PY - 2005/8// DO - 10.1603/0022-0493-98.4.1357 VL - 98 IS - 4 SP - 1357-1368 SN - 1938-291X KW - tobacco budworm KW - linkage KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - resistance ER - TY - JOUR TI - Folate transport gene inactivation in mice increases sensitivity to colon carcinogenesis AU - Ma, D. W. L. AU - Finnell, R. H. AU - Davidson, L. A. AU - Callaway, E. S. AU - Spiegelstein, O. AU - Piedrahita, J. A. AU - Salbaum, J. M. AU - Kappen, C. AU - Weeks, B. R. AU - James, J. AU - Bozinov, D. AU - Lupton, J. R. AU - Chapkin, R. S. T2 - Cancer Research DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 65 IS - 3 SP - 887-897 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of PBAN on pheromone production by mated Heliothis virescens and Heliothis subflexa females AU - Groot, AT AU - Fan, YL AU - Brownie, C AU - Jurenka, RA AU - Gould, F AU - Schal, C T2 - JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY DA - 2005/1// PY - 2005/1// DO - 10.1007/s10886-005-0970-8 VL - 31 IS - 1 SP - 14-28 SN - 1573-1561 KW - Heliothis virescens KW - Heliothis subflexa KW - sex pheromone KW - PBAN KW - temporal variation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparison of Mating Disruption with Pesticides for Management of Oriental Fruit Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in North Carolina Apple Orchards AU - Kovanci, Orkun B. AU - Schal, Coby AU - Walgenbach, James F. AU - Kennedy, George G. T2 - Journal of Economic Entomology AB - The efficacy of mating disruption by using Isomate-M 100 pheromone dispensers and two formulations of microencapsulated sprayable pheromone for management of oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck), was compared with conventional insecticides in large plot studies in Henderson County, North Carolina, in 2000 and 2001. In addition, experiments were conducted in small and large plots to test the response of oriental fruit moth males to different application rates of sprayable pheromone. Pheromone trap catches were significantly reduced in mating disruption blocks compared with conventional and abandoned orchards. Pheromone traps placed in the upper canopy captured significantly more moths than traps placed in the lower canopy across all treatments, and lures loaded with 100 μg of pheromone caught more moths than traps with 300 μg, but the difference between doses was statistically significant at only one location in 2001. Isomate-M 100 provided excellent trap shutdown and was significantly more effective than sprayable pheromone formulations. Fruit damage by oriental fruit moth larvae was very low (≤1%) in mating disruption blocks and was generally lower than in conventional and nonmanaged blocks. Based on male moth response to pheromone traps in small plots, there was little difference among doses of sprayable pheromone, ranging from 12.4 to 49.1 g (AI)/ha, but efficacy declined at 2.4 g (AI)/ha. With the exception of one orchard, there was no significant difference between 12.4 and 37.1 g (AI)/ha under low and high oriental fruit moth population pressure in large plot studies. Mating disruption proved to be an alternative to organophosphate insecticides for managing oriental fruit moth populations in North Carolina apple orchards. DA - 2005/8/1/ PY - 2005/8/1/ DO - 10.1603/0022-0493-98.4.1248 VL - 98 IS - 4 SP - 1248-1258 J2 - ec LA - en OP - SN - 0022-0493 0022-0493 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0022-0493-98.4.1248 DB - Crossref KW - mating disruption KW - pheromones KW - apple ER - TY - JOUR TI - Aromatase cytochrome P450: Cloning, intron variation, and ontogeny of gene expression in southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma) AU - Luckenbach, JA AU - Early, LW AU - Rowe, AH AU - Borski, RJ AU - Daniels, HV AU - Godwin, J T2 - JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART A-ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY AB - Aromatase cytochrome P450 (P450arom) is the enzyme complex responsible for conversion of androgens to estrogens in vertebrates. Consequently, in some fishes its activity appears critical to ovarian differentiation. Southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma) is a commercially important flatfish in which females grow larger than males and sex determination is temperature sensitive. Through cloning of the P450arom gene in ovary and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, we developed a biomarker for early female differentiation in southern flounder. The deduced amino acid sequence for southern flounder P450arom is similar to other teleosts. Comparison of P450arom intron sequences from fish of different populations revealed substantial inter-individual variation. Adult ovary and spleen exhibited high levels of P450arom mRNA, while P450arom mRNA was only weakly detected in testes. Brain, liver, intestine, kidney, gill, muscle, and heart showed little or no P450arom mRNA expression. Gonads of wild and hatchery-produced juvenile flounder of sizes spanning the period of sex differentiation initially exhibited low levels of P450arom mRNA followed by increases in some individuals and bifurcation into two clearly segregated groups (i.e., putative males and females) beginning at approximately 65 mm in total length. Gonadal histology confirmed predictions of sex based on P450arom expression in juvenile flounder, demonstrating that the patterns of P450arom expression observed relate to sex-specific differentiation. This research represents a unique approach to assessing sex differentiation in a natural population, and a powerful technique for better understanding mechanisms of flounder sex determination and rapidly defining conditions for controlling sex for aquaculture. DA - 2005/8/1/ PY - 2005/8/1/ DO - 10.1002/jez.a.198 VL - 303A IS - 8 SP - 643-656 SN - 2471-5646 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Single amino acid insertions at the junction of the Sindbis virus e2 transmembrane domain and endodomain disrupt virus envelopment and alter infectivity AU - Hernandez, R. AU - Ferreira, D. AU - Sinodis, C. AU - Litton, K. AU - Brown, D. T. T2 - Journal of Virology DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1128/JVI.79.7682-7697.2005 VL - 79 IS - 12 SP - 7682-7697 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Organic synthesis and bioassay of novel inhibitors of JH III epoxide hydrolase activity from fifth stadium cabbage loopers, Trichoplusia ni AU - Roe, RM AU - Kallapur, V AU - Linderman, RJ AU - Viviani, F T2 - PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY AB - Abstract A series of novel methyl esters with a quaternary ammonium salt, sulfoxide, amine N -oxide, difluorocyclopropane, fluorohydrin, episulfide or epoxide were prepared from undecylenic acid as potential inhibitors of JH III epoxide hydrolase activity from last stadium, wandering cabbage loopers, Trichoplusia ni . Among the non-epoxides examined, the fluorohydrin and sulfoxide (at 100 μM of inhibitor) demonstrated the highest percent inhibition of the insoluble epoxide hydrolase activity while the quaternary ammonium salt, the difluorocyclopropane, and the sulfoxide demonstrated the highest inhibitory activity against the solubilized JH epoxide hydrolase activity. These differences in inhibition between insoluble and solubilized enzyme were in some cases pronounced. For example, the quaternary amine demonstrated no inhibitory activity toward the insoluble enzyme but inhibited 33% of the solubilized JH epoxide hydrolase activity. The incorporation of a cationic character in the amine N -oxide and ammonium salt produced lower inhibitory activity as compared to the sulfoxide, episulfide, difluorocyclopropane, and fluorohydrin for the insoluble epoxide hydrolase, and activity was similar for the solubilized enzyme. Comparing the most potent non-epoxide to the epoxide inhibitors, the fluorohydrin produced 24% inhibition as compared to 85% for the corresponding epoxide and 42% for the epoxide with a shorter backbone chain length for the insoluble epoxide hydrolase activity. For the solubilized epoxide hydrolase activity, difluorocyclopropane demonstrated 34% inhibition as compared to 21% inhibition for the corresponding epoxide. The difluorocyclopropane appeared to be acting as a competitive inhibitor of JH III epoxide hydrolase activity. The I 50 s were greater than 100 μM for all compounds synthesized for both the soluble and solubilized enzymes; the only exceptions were the C11 and C12 epoxides against the insoluble epoxide hydrolase activity (I 50 s = 0.1 and 0.8 μM, respectively). The importance of JH mimicry in epoxide hydrolase inhibition is discussed. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1016/j.pestbp.2005.04.006 VL - 83 IS - 2-3 SP - 140-154 SN - 0048-3575 KW - Trichoplusia ni KW - cabbage looper KW - juvenile hormone KW - epoxide hydrolase ER - TY - JOUR TI - Helium/oxygen atmospheric pressure plasma treatment on poly(ethylene terephthalate) and poly(trimethylene terephthalate) knitted fabrics: Comparison of low-stress mechanical/surface chemical properties AU - Hwang, YJ AU - McCord, MG AU - Kang, BC T2 - FIBERS AND POLYMERS DA - 2005/6// PY - 2005/6// DO - 10.1007/BF02875601 VL - 6 IS - 2 SP - 113-120 SN - 1875-0052 KW - plasma KW - etching KW - PTT KW - PET KW - surface modification ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genomic features of lactic acid bacteria effecting bioprocessing and health AU - Klaenhammer, TR AU - Barrangou, R AU - Buck, BL AU - Azcarate-Peril, MA AU - Altermann, E T2 - FEMS MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS AB - The lactic acid bacteria are a functionally related group of organisms known primarily for their bioprocessing roles in food and beverages. More recently, selected members of the lactic acid bacteria have been implicated in a number of probiotic roles that impact general health and well-being. Genomic analyses of multiple members of the lactic acid bacteria, at the genus, species, and strain level, have now elucidated many genetic features that direct their fermentative and probiotic roles. This information is providing an important platform for understanding core mechanisms that control and regulate bacterial growth, survival, signaling, and fermentative processes and, in some cases, potentially underlying probiotic activities within complex microbial and host ecosystems. DA - 2005/8// PY - 2005/8// DO - 10.1016/j.femsre.2005.04.007 VL - 29 IS - 3 SP - 393-409 SN - 1574-6976 KW - lactic acid bacteria KW - genomics KW - bioprocessing KW - probiotics KW - comparative genomics KW - functional genomics ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genetic effects of rooting loblolly pine stem cuttings from a partial diallel mating design AU - Baltunis, BS AU - Huber, DA AU - White, TL AU - Goldfarb, B AU - Stelzer, HE T2 - CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE AB - More than 239 000 stem cuttings from nearly 2200 clones of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were set in five rooting trials to estimate genetic parameters associated with rooting. Overall rooting success across the five trials was 43%, and significant seasonal effects were observed. Differences among clones within full-sib families accounted for approximately 10%–17% of the total variation. On the binary scale, individual-tree narrow-sense heritability (ĥ 2 0.1 ) ranged from 0.075 to 0.089 for rooting across the five separate settings, while broad-sense heritability (Ĥ 2 0.1 ) ranged from 0.15 to 0.22. Narrow- and broad-sense heritability estimates on the observed binary scale were transformed to their underlying normal scale (ĥ 2 N , Ĥ 2 N ). When all of the data from the five trials were analyzed together, ĥ 2 N (±SE) was 0.081 (0.027), Ĥ 2 N was 0.16 (0.013), the type B additive correlation was 0.68 (0.23), and the type B dominance correlation was 0.61 (0.27). Narrow-sense family mean heritability was 0.83 (0.24), while broad-sense clonal mean heritability was 0.82 (0.074). These moderate to high family and clonal mean heritabilities, moderate type B correlations, and substantial among-family and among-clone genetic variation indicate the potential for increasing rooting efficiency by selecting good rooting families and clones or culling poor rooters. DA - 2005/5// PY - 2005/5// DO - 10.1139/X05-038 VL - 35 IS - 5 SP - 1098-1108 SN - 0045-5067 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of landscape corridors on seed dispersal by birds AU - Levey, DJ AU - Bolker, BM AU - Tewksbury, JJ AU - Sargent, S AU - Haddad, NM T2 - SCIENCE AB - Habitat fragmentation threatens biodiversity by disrupting dispersal. The mechanisms and consequences of this disruption are controversial, primarily because most organisms are difficult to track. We examined the effect of habitat corridors on long-distance dispersal of seeds by birds, and tested whether small-scale (<20 meters) movements of birds could be scaled up to predict dispersal of seeds across hundreds of meters in eight experimentally fragmented landscapes. A simulation model accurately predicted the observed pattern of seed rain and revealed that corridors functioned through edge-following behavior of birds. Our study shows how models based on easily observed behaviors can be scaled up to predict landscape-level processes. DA - 2005/7/1/ PY - 2005/7/1/ DO - 10.1126/science.1111479 VL - 309 IS - 5731 SP - 146-148 SN - 1095-9203 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of application rate and interval on the efficacy of sprayable pheromone for mating disruption of the oriental fruit moth Grapholita molesta AU - Kovanci, OB AU - Walgenbach, JF AU - Kennedy, GG AU - Schal, C T2 - PHYTOPARASITICA DA - 2005/8// PY - 2005/8// DO - 10.1007/BF02981299 VL - 33 IS - 4 SP - 334-342 SN - 1876-7184 KW - Grapholita molesta (Busck) KW - oriental fruit moth KW - mating disruption KW - sprayable pheromone KW - integrated pest management KW - apples ER - TY - JOUR TI - Assisting Hox proteins in controlling body form: are there new lessons from flies (and mammals)? AU - Mahaffey, JW T2 - CURRENT OPINION IN GENETICS & DEVELOPMENT AB - Hox proteins regulate specific sets of target genes to give rise to morphological distinctions along the anterior–posterior body axis of metazoans. Though they have high developmental specificity, Hox proteins have low DNA binding specificity, so how they select the appropriate target genes has remained enigmatic. There is general agreement that cofactors provide additional specificity, but a comprehensive model of Hox control of gene expression has not emerged. There is now evidence that a global network of zinc finger transcription factors contributes to patterning of the Drosophila embryo. These zinc finger proteins appear to establish fields in which certain Hox proteins can function. Though the nature of these fields is uncertain at this time, it is possible that these zinc finger proteins are Hox cofactors, providing additional specificity during Hox target-gene selection. Furthermore, these zinc finger proteins are conserved, as are aspects of their anterior–posterior expression, suggesting that their roles might be conserved, as well. Perhaps this layer in the genetic control of body patterning will help bridge some of the chasms that remain in our understanding of the genetic control of pattern formation. DA - 2005/8// PY - 2005/8// DO - 10.1016/j.gde.2005.06.009 VL - 15 IS - 4 SP - 422-429 SN - 0959-437X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Arbuscular mycorrhizae enhance metal lead uptake and growth of host plants under a sand culture experiment AU - Chen, X AU - Wu, CH AU - Tang, JJ AU - Hu, SJ T2 - CHEMOSPHERE AB - A sand culture experiment was conducted to investigate whether mycorrhizal colonization and mycorrhizal fungal vesicular numbers were influenced by metal lead, and whether mycorrhizae enhance host plants tolerance to metal lead. Metal lead was applied as Pb(NO3)2 in solution at three levels (0, 300 and 600 mg kg(-1) sand). Five mycorrhizal host plant species, Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindl, Ixeris denticulate L., Lolium perenne L., Trifolium repens L. and Echinochloa crusgalli var. mitis were used to examine Pb-mycorrhizal interactions. The arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum consisted of mixed spores of mycorrhizal fungal species directly isolated from orchard soil. Compared to the untreated control, both Pb concentrations reduced mycorrhizal colonization by 3.8-70.4%. Numbers of AM fungal vesicles increased by 13.2-51.5% in 300 mg Pb kg(-1) sand but decreased by 9.4-50.9% in 600 mg Pb kg(-1) sand. Mycorrhizae significantly enhanced Pb accumulation both in shoot by 10.2-85.5% and in root by 9.3-118.4%. Mycorrhizae also enhanced shoot biomass and shoot P concentration under both Pb concentrations. Root/shoot ratios of Pb concentration were higher in highly mycorrhizal plant species (K.striata, I. denticulate, and E. crusgalli var. mitis) than that in poorly mycorrhizal ones (L. perenne and T. repens,). Mycorrhizal inoculation increased the root/shoot ratio of Pb concentration of highly mycorrhizal plant species by 7.6-57.2% but did not affect the poorly mycorrhizal ones. In the treatments with 300 Pb mg kg(-1) sand, plant species with higher vesicular numbers tended to show higher root/shoot ratios of the Pb concentration. We suggest that under an elevated Pb condition, mycorrhizae could promote plant growth by increasing P uptake and mitigate Pb toxicity by sequestrating more Pb in roots. DA - 2005/7// PY - 2005/7// DO - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.01.029 VL - 60 IS - 5 SP - 665-671 SN - 1879-1298 KW - mycorrhizal colonization KW - mycorrhizal vesicular KW - Pb concentration of shoot and root KW - root/shoot ratio of Pb concentration ER - TY - JOUR TI - Visibility matters: increasing knowledge of women's contributions to ecology AU - Damschen, EI AU - Rosenfeld, KM AU - Wyer, M AU - Murphy-Medley, D AU - Wentworth, TR AU - Haddad, NM T2 - FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT AB - Recent scholarship about women and science is a good source of material for addressing the under-representation of women in science. This review is the result of an interdisciplinary fusion of science and women's studies to critically assess teaching tools in undergraduate ecology education. We examine: (1) the representation of women and the coverage of social and cultural context in introductory ecology textbooks, and (2) student learning about women's contributions to ecology. Discipline demographics reveal that women are presented in textbooks less often than expected, and that explicit discussions of the social and cultural context of science are rare. When course content is enriched with material about women's contributions, student's awareness of women scientists improves. Such knowledge can play a critical role in proactively challenging students' perceptions of ecology and ecologists, creating a more positive classroom climate for all students, and introducing novel avenues of questioning and discovery. DA - 2005/5// PY - 2005/5// DO - 10.2307/3868465 VL - 3 IS - 4 SP - 212-219 SN - 1540-9309 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Tomato spotted wilt virus on potato in eastern North Carolina AU - Abad, JA AU - Moyer, JW AU - Kennedy, GG AU - Holmes, GA AU - Cubeta, MA T2 - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1007/BF02853592 VL - 82 IS - 3 SP - 255-261 SN - 1874-9380 KW - plant virus detection KW - Tospoviruses KW - INSV KW - Solanum ER - TY - JOUR TI - Soil microbial responses to experimental warming and clipping in a tallgrass prairie AU - Zhang, W AU - Parker, KM AU - Luo, Y AU - Wan, S AU - Wallace, LL AU - Hu, S T2 - GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY AB - Abstract Global surface temperature is predicted to increase by 1.4–5.8°C by the end of this century. However, the impacts of this projected warming on soil C balance and the C budget of terrestrial ecosystems are not clear. One major source of uncertainty stems from warming effects on soil microbes, which exert a dominant influence on the net C balance of terrestrial ecosystems by controlling organic matter decomposition and plant nutrient availability. We, therefore, conducted an experiment in a tallgrass prairie ecosystem at the Great Plain Apiaries (near Norman, OK) to study soil microbial responses to temperature elevation of about 2°C through artificial heating in clipped and unclipped field plots. While warming did not induce significant changes in net N mineralization, soil microbial biomass and respiration rate, it tended to reduce extractable inorganic N during the second and third warming years, likely through increasing plant uptake. In addition, microbial substrate utilization patterns and the profiles of microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) showed that warming caused a shift in the soil microbial community structure in unclipped subplots, leading to the relative dominance of fungi as evidenced by the increased ratio of fungal to bacterial PLFAs. However, no warming effect on soil microbial community structure was found in clipped subplots where a similar scale of temperature increase occurred. Clipping also significantly reduced soil microbial biomass and respiration rate in both warmed and unwarmed plots. These results indicated that warming‐led enhancement of plant growth rather than the temperature increase itself may primarily regulate soil microbial response. Our observations show that warming may increase the relative contribution of fungi to the soil microbial community, suggesting that shifts in the microbial community structure may constitute a major mechanism underlying warming acclimatization of soil respiration. DA - 2005/2// PY - 2005/2// DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00902.x VL - 11 IS - 2 SP - 266-277 SN - 1365-2486 KW - bacteria KW - experimental warming KW - fungi KW - microbial activity KW - microbial biomass KW - microbial community KW - soil microbes KW - tallgrass prairie KW - temperature acclimatization ER - TY - JOUR TI - Progeny of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) pig clones are phenotypically similar to non-cloned pigs AU - Mir, B AU - Zaunbrecher, G AU - Archer, GS AU - Friend, TH AU - Piedrahita, JA T2 - CLONING AND STEM CELLS AB - Systematic studies of cloned animals generated from adult somatic cell nuclei are critical in assessing the utility of somatic cell cloning in various applications, including the safety of food products from cloned animals and their offspring. Previously, we compared somatic cell derived cloned pigs with naturally bred control pigs on a series of physiological and genetic parameters. We have extended our studies to the F1 progeny of these clones to see whether these phenotypic differences are transmitted to the next generation. There were no differences in the average litter size between litters from cloned gilts and naturally bred controls (7.78 +/- 2.6 and 7.40 +/- 3.0, respectively; mean +/- SD) or in the degree of litter size variation (coefficients of variation of 33.4% and 40.5% for litters of clones and controls, respectively). Similarly there were no statistical differences between sex ratios of cloned litters (51-49%, M:F) and control litters (59-41%, M:F). Blood profiles between cloned pigs, control pigs, and their progeny were compared at two time points (i.e., 15 and 27 weeks) to quantify the effect of cloning on various blood parameters and their transmission to the next generation. Although the range of values for all traits overlapped between different classes, the variability between all the traits in F1 progeny of clones and the control pigs was similar at 15 and 27 weeks, with one exception. Combined, our data and previous results in mice strongly support the hypothesis that offspring of clones are similar to offspring of naturally bred animals, and as such there should not be any increased risks associated with consumption of products from these animals. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1089/clo.2005.7.119 VL - 7 IS - 2 SP - 119-125 SN - 1536-2302 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Plant and microbial N acquisition under elevated atmospheric CO2 in two mesocosm experiments with annual grasses AU - Hu, SJ AU - Wu, JS AU - Burkey, KO AU - Firestone, MK T2 - GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY AB - Abstract The impact of elevated CO 2 on terrestrial ecosystem C balance, both in sign or magnitude, is not clear because the resulting alterations in C input, plant nutrient demand and water use efficiency often have contrasting impacts on microbial decomposition processes. One major source of uncertainty stems from the impact of elevated CO 2 on N availability to plants and microbes. We examined the effects of atmospheric CO 2 enrichment (ambient+370 μmol mol −1 ) on plant and microbial N acquisition in two different mesocosm experiments, using model plant species of annual grasses of Avena barbata and A. fatua , respectively. The A. barbata experiment was conducted in a N‐poor sandy loam and the A. fatua experiment was on a N‐rich clayey loam. Plant–microbial N partitioning was examined through determining the distribution of a 15 N tracer. In the A. barbata experiment, 15 N tracer was introduced to a field labeling experiment in the previous year so that 15 N predominantly existed in nonextractable soil pools. In the A. fatua experiment, 15 N was introduced in a mineral solution [( 15 NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 solution] during the growing season of A. fatua . Results of both N budget and 15 N tracer analyses indicated that elevated CO 2 increased plant N acquisition from the soil. In the A. barbata experiment, elevated CO 2 increased plant biomass N by ca. 10% but there was no corresponding decrease in soil extractable N, suggesting that plants might have obtained N from the nonextractable organic N pool because of enhanced microbial activity. In the A. fatua experiment, however, the CO 2 ‐led increase in plant biomass N was statistically equal to the reduction in soil extractable N. Although atmospheric CO 2 enrichment enhanced microbial biomass C under A. barbata or microbial activity (respiration) under A. fatua , it had no significant effect on microbial biomass N in either experiment. Elevated CO 2 increased the colonization of A. fatua roots by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, which coincided with the enhancement of plant competitiveness for soluble soil N. Together, these results suggest that elevated CO 2 may tighten N cycling through facilitating plant N acquisition. However, it is unknown to what degree results from these short‐term microcosm experiments can be extrapolated to field conditions. Long‐term studies in less‐disturbed soils are needed to determine whether CO 2 ‐enhancement of plant N acquisition can significantly relieve N limitation over plant growth in an elevated CO 2 environment. DA - 2005/2// PY - 2005/2// DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00905.x VL - 11 IS - 2 SP - 213-223 SN - 1365-2486 KW - Avena barbata KW - Avena fatua KW - elevated CO2 KW - microbial biomass C and N KW - N-15 availability KW - N tracer KW - plant-microbial N partitioning ER - TY - JOUR TI - Incorporating gene-specific variation when inferring and evaluating optimal evolutionary tree topologies from multilocus sequence data AU - Seo, TK AU - Kishino, H AU - Thorne, JL T2 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AB - Because of the increase of genomic data, multiple genes are often available for the inference of phylogenetic relationships. The simple approach for combining multiple genes from the same taxon is to concatenate the sequences and then ignore the fact that different positions in the concatenated sequence came from different genes. Here, we discuss two criteria for inferring the optimal tree topology from data sets with multiple genes. These criteria are designed for multigene data sets where gene-specific evolutionary features are too important to ignore. One criterion is conventional and is obtained by taking the sum of log-likelihoods over all genes. The other criterion is obtained by dividing the log-likelihood for a gene by its sequence length and then taking the arithmetic mean over genes of these ratios. A similar strategy could be adopted with parsimony scores. The optimal tree is then declared to be the one for which the sum or the arithmetic mean is maximized. These criteria are justified within a two-stage hierarchical framework. The first level of the hierarchy represents gene-specific evolutionary features, and the second represents site-specific features for given genes. For testing significance of the optimal topology, we suggest a two-stage bootstrap procedure that involves resampling genes and then resampling alignment columns within resampled genes. An advantage of this procedure over concatenation is that it can effectively account for gene-specific evolutionary features. We discuss the applicability of the two-stage bootstrap idea to the Kishino–Hasegawa test and the Shimodaira–Hasegawa test. DA - 2005/3/22/ PY - 2005/3/22/ DO - 10.1073/pnas.0408313102 VL - 102 IS - 12 SP - 4436-4441 SN - 0027-8424 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Estimating the structure of market reaction to news: Information events and lumber futures prices AU - Rucker, RR AU - Thurman, WN AU - Yoder, JK T2 - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AB - Abstract We develop a new event‐study technique, the distributional event response model (DERM), appropriate to relatively slowly evolving information events. We apply the model to twelve years of daily lumber futures prices and analyze the effects of three different types of information releases: ( a ) monthly housing starts estimates, ( b ) aperiodic administrative and judicial announcements about U.S.‐Canada trade disputes, and ( c ) novel and unprecedented court decisions related to the Endangered Species Act (ESA). The information releases are different in ways that predict their relative speeds of impoundment in prices. We find that housing start events are absorbed more quickly than trade events, which are absorbed more quickly than ESA events. DA - 2005/5// PY - 2005/5// DO - 10.1111/j.1467-8276.2005.00736.x VL - 87 IS - 2 SP - 482-500 SN - 1467-8276 KW - event studies KW - futures KW - lumber markets ER - TY - JOUR TI - Estimating fluctuating vital rates from time-series data: a case study of aphid biocontrol AU - Gross, K AU - Ives, AR AU - Nordheim, EV T2 - ECOLOGY AB - Many ecological time series describe population dynamics. Indirectly, these data also provide information about the vital rates (e.g., birth rates, mortality rates) underlying these dynamics, but extracting this information from the data can be difficult. Here, we present a method for estimating fluctuating vital rates from ecological time series by using a model to re-code information in observed dynamics into information about unobserved vital rates. This model construction differs from most current models by replacing strong assumptions about the functional relationships dictating population dynamics with more conservative assumptions about how vital rates change with time. Thus, this method is a tool for analyzing time-series data that avoids strong assumptions about the mechanisms driving population dynamics. Our work is motivated by studying the biological control of pea aphids in alfalfa in south-central Wisconsin. Pea aphid populations are consistently held below economic threshold, although the source of this regulation is unclear. Here, we analyze monitoring data to understand the role that a specialist parasitoid plays in aphid biocontrol. Our modeling methodology allows us to estimate the vital rates that determine aphid dynamics (in particular, parasitism) without making arbitrary assumptions about the relationship between parasitism and aphid or parasitoid density. We find that, while parasitism depresses aphid population growth rate substantially, declines in aphid population growth rates do not coincide with increases in parasitism. Therefore, parasitism cannot be responsible for the density-dependent regulation of aphid populations observed in the field. DA - 2005/3// PY - 2005/3// DO - 10.1890/03-4085 VL - 86 IS - 3 SP - 740-752 SN - 1939-9170 KW - Bayesian statistics KW - biological control KW - host-parasitoid dynamics KW - Markov chain KW - Monte Carlo KW - pea aphid KW - state-space models KW - time-series data ER - TY - JOUR TI - A parasitism gene from a plant-parasitic nematode with function similar to CLAVATA3/ESR (CLE) of Arabidopsis thaliana AU - Wang, XH AU - Mitchum, MG AU - Gao, BL AU - Li, CY AU - Diab, H AU - Baum, TJ AU - Hussey, RS AU - Davis, EL T2 - MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY AB - SUMMARY The Hg-SYV46 parasitism gene is expressed exclusively in the dorsal oesophageal gland cell of parasitic stages of the soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, and it encodes a secretory protein that contains a C-terminal motif of the CLAVATA3/ESR-related (CLE) family in Arabidopsis thaliana. In shoot and floral meristems of Arabidopsis, the stem cells secret CLV3, a founding member of the CLE protein family, that activates the CLV1/CLV2 receptor complex and negatively regulates WUSCHEL expression to restrict the size of the stem cell population. Mis-expression of Hg-SYV46 in Arabidopsis (ecotype Columbia-0) under control of the CaMV35S promoter resulted in a wus-like phenotype including premature termination of the shoot apical meristem and the development of flowers lacking the central gynoecium. The wus-like phenotype observed was similar to reports of over-expression of CLV3 and CLE40 in Arabidopsis, as was down-regulation of WUS expression in the shoot apices of 35S::Hg-SYV46/Col-0 plants. Expression of 35S::Hg-SYV46 in a clv3-1 mutant of Arabidopsis was able partially or fully to rescue the mutant phenotype, probably dependent upon localization and level of transgene expression. A short root phenotype, as reported for over-expression of CLV3, CLE40 and CLE19 in roots, was also produced in primary 35S::Hg-SYV46/Col-0 transgenic plants. The results suggest a functional similarity of HG-SYV46 to plant-secreted CLE ligands that may play a role in the differentiation or division of feeding cells induced in plant roots by parasitic nematodes. DA - 2005/3// PY - 2005/3// DO - 10.1111/J.1364-3703.2005.00270.X VL - 6 IS - 2 SP - 187-191 SN - 1364-3703 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Toxicity of novel aromatic and aliphatic organic acid and ester analogs of trypsin modulating oostatic factor to larvae of the northern house mosquito, Culex pipiens complex, and the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta AU - Vanderherchen, MB AU - Isherwood, M AU - Thompson, DM AU - Linderman, RJ AU - Roe, RM T2 - PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY AB - Eight non-peptidic chemical analogs of trypsin modulating oostatic factor (TMOF, NH2-YDPAP6), an insect hormone inhibiting trypsin biosynthesis in mosquitoes, were synthesized based on the structure of the native peptide. The median lethal concentration (LC50) for the chemical analogs, TMOF and FDPAP (a peptidic analog of TMOF) was estimated for larvae of the northern house mosquito, the Culex pipiens complex, using a static 5-day bioassay. Four of these compounds demonstrated the same larvicidal activity as TMOF, while three of these compounds were 1.2–2.5-fold more active than TMOF. The compounds introduced by injection were toxic to fourth instars of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, except for TMOF, FDPAP, and PPHEN. Injection of TMOF and FDPAP into fourth stadium and TMOF into second stadium M. sexta had no effect on trypsin activity, growth, or mortality. Apparently the mosquito hormone is inactive in the tobacco hornworm at the developmental stages examined. Three TMOF analogs (CHEA, PHEA, and PHA) demonstrating the highest activity by injection in M. sexta were also found to be toxic by injection in fourth instars of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens, and the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa zea, as well as adult male German cockroaches, Blattela germanica. A two-choice feeding bioassay with H. virescens indicated that at least one of the TMOF analogs, PHEA, has anti-feeding properties. DA - 2005/2// PY - 2005/2// DO - 10.1016/j.pestbp.2004.09.006 VL - 81 IS - 2 SP - 71-84 SN - 1095-9939 KW - trypsin modulating oostatic factor KW - TMOF KW - insecticide KW - mosquito KW - tobacco hornworm KW - tobacco budworm KW - cotton bollworm KW - German cockroach ER - TY - JOUR TI - An Arabidopsis NPR1-like gene, NPR4, is required for disease resistance AU - Liu, GS AU - Holub, EB AU - Alonso, JM AU - Ecker, , JR AU - Fobert, PR T2 - PLANT JOURNAL AB - The Arabidopsis genome contains six NPR1-related genes. Given the pivotal role played by NPR1 in controlling salicylic acid (SA)-mediated gene expression and disease resistance, functional characterization of other family members appears to be justified. Reverse genetics was used to analyze the role of one NPR1-like gene, which we called NPR4. The NPR4 protein shares 36% identity with NPR1 and interacts with the same spectrum of TGA transcription factors in yeast two-hybrid assays. Plants with T-DNA insertions in NPR4 are more susceptible to the virulent bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringe pv. tomato DC3000. This phenotype is complemented by expression of the wild type NPR4 coding region. As determined by the parasite reproduction, the npr4-1 mutant is more susceptible to the fungal pathogen Erysiphe cichoracearum, but does not differ markedly from wild type in its interaction with virulent and avirulent strains of the oomycete Peronospora parasitica. In leaves of wild-type plants, NPR4 mRNA levels increase following pathogen challenge or SA treatment, and decrease rapidly following methyl jasmonic acid (MeJA) treatment. Transcripts of the pathogenesis-related (PR) genes PR-1, PR-2, and PR-5 are only marginally reduced in the npr4-1 mutant following pathogen challenge or SA treatment. This reduction of PR gene expression is more pronounced when leaves are challenged with the bacterial pathogen following SA treatment. Expression of the jasmonic acid-dependent pathway marker gene PDF1.2 is compromised in npr4-1 leaves following application of MeJA or a combination of SA and MeJA. These results indicate that NPR4 is required for basal defense against pathogens, and that it may be implicated in the cross-talk between the SA- and JA-dependent signaling pathways. DA - 2005/1// PY - 2005/1// DO - 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2004.02296.x VL - 41 IS - 2 SP - 304-318 SN - 1365-313X KW - reverse genetics KW - PR genes KW - cross-talk KW - signaling KW - salicylic acid KW - gene family ER - TY - JOUR TI - Accumulation and localization of aluminium in root tips of loblolly pine seedlings and the associated ectomycorrhiza Pisolithus tinctorius AU - Moyer-Henry, K AU - Silva, I AU - Macfall, J AU - Johannes, E AU - Allen, N AU - Goldfarb, B AU - Rufty, T T2 - PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT AB - ABSTRACT Evidence from past studies suggests that loblolly pine may be tolerant of Al. The experiments described in this manuscript were initiated to examine Al tolerance and Al accumulation in the pine root and the degree of Al accumulation in fungal hyphae when pine roots were colonized with the ectomycorrhiza Pisolithus tinctorius . The experiments used lumogallion staining and confocal microscopy to localize Al in root and fungal structures. The results clearly showed that loblolly pine seedlings were highly resistant to Al. A decrease in primary root extension could not be detected until Al +3 activities approached 40 µ mol L −1 , and extension was suppressed only 30% at an Al +3 activity of 580 µ mol L −1 . This contrasted with the response of the Al‐sensitive ‘check’ species soybean, where primary root extension was severely restricted at Al +3 activities lower than 5 µ mol L −1 . Tissue Al measurements and lumogallion fluorescence of longitudinal sections of the pine root tip indicated that tolerance was associated with both Al exclusion from the tip region and compartmentalization of absorbed Al in peripheral cell areas outside of the meristem. In lateral roots colonized with ectomycorrhizae, lumogallion fluorescence showed that large amounts of Al accumulated at the fungal mantle and in areas with the Hartig net. At higher magnification, lumogallion indicated substantial Al accumulation inside hyphae. Little Al could be detected in lateral root cells. The results show that pine possesses multiple mechanisms that can contribute to Al tolerance in acid field soils. DA - 2005/2// PY - 2005/2// DO - 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2004.01240.x VL - 28 IS - 2 SP - 111-120 SN - 1365-3040 KW - Pisolithus tinctorius KW - confocal scanning microscopy KW - lumogallion ER - TY - JOUR TI - Complete genome sequence of the probiotic lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM AU - Altermann, E AU - Russell, WM AU - Azcarate-Peril, MA AU - Barrangou, R AU - Buck, BL AU - McAuliffe, O AU - Souther, N AU - Dobson, A AU - Duong, T AU - Callanan, M AU - Lick, S AU - Hamrick, A AU - Cano, R AU - Klaenhammer, TR T2 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AB - Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM is a probiotic bacterium that has been produced commercially since 1972. The complete genome is 1,993,564 nt and devoid of plasmids. The average GC content is 34.71% with 1,864 predicted ORFs, of which 72.5% were functionally classified. Nine phage-related integrases were predicted, but no complete prophages were found. However, three unique regions designated as potential autonomous units (PAUs) were identified. These units resemble a unique structure and bear characteristics of both plasmids and phages. Analysis of the three PAUs revealed the presence of two R/M systems and a prophage maintenance system killer protein. A spacers interspersed direct repeat locus containing 32 nearly perfect 29-bp repeats was discovered and may provide a unique molecular signature for this organism. In silico analyses predicted 17 transposase genes and a chromosomal locus for lactacin B, a class II bacteriocin. Several mucus- and fibronectin-binding proteins, implicated in adhesion to human intestinal cells, were also identified. Gene clusters for transport of a diverse group of carbohydrates, including fructooligosaccharides and raffinose, were present and often accompanied by transcriptional regulators of the lacI family. For protein degradation and peptide utilization, the organism encoded 20 putative peptidases, homologs for PrtP and PrtM, and two complete oligopeptide transport systems. Nine two-component regulatory systems were predicted, some associated with determinants implicated in bacteriocin production and acid tolerance. Collectively, these features within the genome sequence of L. acidophilus are likely to contribute to the organisms' gastric survival and promote interactions with the intestinal mucosa and microbiota. DA - 2005/3/15/ PY - 2005/3/15/ DO - 10.1073/pnas.0409188102 VL - 102 IS - 11 SP - 3906-3912 SN - 0027-8424 KW - adhesion KW - stress response KW - proteolytic system KW - sugar metabolism KW - in silico analysis ER - TY - JOUR TI - Two chorismate mutase genes from the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita AU - Huang, GZ AU - Dong, RH AU - Allen, R AU - Davis, EL AU - Baum, TJ AU - Hussey, RS T2 - MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY AB - SUMMARY Parasitism genes encoding secretory proteins expressed in the oesophageal glands of phytoparasitic nematodes play critical roles in nematode invasion of host plants, establishment of feeding sites and suppression of host defences. Two chorismate mutase (CM) genes potentially having a role in one or more of these processes were identified from a Meloidogyne incognita oesophageal gland-cell subtractive cDNA library. These M. incognita enzymes (designated as MI-CM-1 and MI-CM-2) with amino-terminal signal peptides, were significantly similar to chorismate mutases in M. javanica and bacteria. The complementation of an Escherichia coli CM-deficient mutant by the expression of Mi-cm-1 or Mi-cm-2 confirmed their CM activity. In-situ mRNA hybridization showed that the transcripts of Mi-cm-1 and Mi-cm-2 accumulated specifically in the two subventral oesophageal gland cells of M. incognita. RT-PCR analysis confirmed that their transcript abundances were high in the early parasitic juvenile stages, and low (Mi-cm-1) or undetectable (Mi-cm-2) in later parasitic stages of the nematode. Southern blot analysis revealed that these CM genes were members of a small multigene family in Meloidogyne species. The widespread presence of CMs in the specialized sedentary endoparasitic nematode species suggests that this multifunctional enzyme may be a key factor in modulating plant parasitism. DA - 2005/1// PY - 2005/1// DO - 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2004.00257.x VL - 6 IS - 1 SP - 23-30 SN - 1364-3703 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Tax interaction effects, environmental regulation, and "rule of thumb" adjustments to social cost AU - Murray, BC AU - Keeler, A AU - Thurman, WN T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL & RESOURCE ECONOMICS DA - 2005/1// PY - 2005/1// DO - 10.1007/s10640-004-2379-1 VL - 30 IS - 1 SP - 73-92 SN - 1573-1502 KW - general equilibrium KW - regulation KW - social costs KW - tax interaction effects ER - TY - JOUR TI - Influence of divalent cations on the structural thermostability and thermal inactivation kinetics of class II xylose isomerases AU - Epting, KL AU - Vieille, C AU - Zeikus, JG AU - Kelly, RM AU - Kelly, RM AU - Zeikus, JG AU - Vieille, C T2 - FEBS JOURNAL AB - The effects of divalent metal cations on structural thermostability and the inactivation kinetics of homologous class II d-xylose isomerases (XI; EC 5.3.1.5) from mesophilic (Escherichia coli and Bacillus licheniformis), thermophilic (Thermoanaerobacterium thermosulfurigenes), and hyperthermophilic (Thermotoga neapolitana) bacteria were examined. Unlike the three less thermophilic XIs that were substantially structurally stabilized in the presence of Co2+ or Mn2+ (and Mg2+ to a lesser extent), the melting temperature [(Tm) approximately 100 degrees C] of T. neapolitana XI (TNXI) varied little in the presence or absence of a single type of metal. In the presence of any two of these metals, TNXI exhibited a second melting transition between 110 degrees C and 114 degrees C. TNXI kinetic inactivation, which was non-first order, could be modeled as a two-step sequential process. TNXI inactivation in the presence of 5 mm metal at 99-100 degrees C was slowest in the presence of Mn2+[half-life (t(1/2)) of 84 min], compared to Co2+ (t(1/2) of 14 min) and Mg2+ (t(1/2) of 2 min). While adding Co2+ to Mg2+ increased TNXI's t(1/2) at 99-100 degrees C from 2 to 7.5 min, TNXI showed no significant activity at temperatures above the first melting transition. The results reported here suggest that, unlike the other class II XIs examined, single metals are required for TNXI activity, but are not essential for its structural thermostability. The structural form corresponding to the second melting transition of TNXI in the presence of two metals is not known, but likely results from cooperative interactions between dissimilar metals in the two metal binding sites. DA - 2005/3// PY - 2005/3// DO - 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.04577.x VL - 272 IS - 6 SP - 1454-1464 SN - 1742-4658 KW - inactivation kinetics KW - metal cofactors KW - thermostability KW - xylose isomerases ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) isolates, host plants, and temperature on survival, size, and development time of Frankliniella fusca AU - Stumpf, CF AU - Kennedy, GG T2 - ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA AB - Abstract The effects of different isolates of the tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV), host plants, and temperatures on Frankliniella fusca (Hinds) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), the most important vector of TSWV in North Carolina, were measured in the laboratory. Thrips were reared at either 18.3, 23.9, or 29.4 °C until adult eclosion on excised leaves of Datura stramonium L. or Emilia sonchifolia (L.). Plants were either infected with the TSWV isolates CFL or RG2, or left uninfected (control). The results revealed a positive relationship between larval survival and temperature, regardless of host plant or TSWV isolate. Both survival to adult and percentage transmission of TSWV by F. fusca were significantly affected by the interaction between host plant and TSWV isolate. The consequence of this interaction was that the cohort‐based percentage transmission from infected E. sonchifolia plants for CFL was 1.3‐fold greater than that of RG2, whereas the percentage transmission from infected D. stramonium plants for RG2 was twice that of CFL. Both host plant and TSWV isolates showed significant effects on thrips development time to adult and head capsule width of adult thrips, as well as on the incidence of thrips infection with TSWV. The infection status of these thrips was determined by ELISA for the NSs viral protein. Infected thrips reared on infected host foliage took longer to develop to adult and were smaller than non‐infected thrips which had also been reared on infected host foliage, demonstrating a direct effect of the TSWV on thrips. However, non‐infected thrips reared on non‐infected leaves took longer to develop than non‐infected thrips reared on infected leaves, suggesting an effect of the plant tissue on thrips. In addition, adult thrips reared on TSWV‐infected D. stramonium at 29.4 °C developed smaller head capsules than thrips developing on infected foliage at lower temperatures and on non‐infected leaves of D. stramonium or E. sonchifolia . Both TSWV isolates and host plants differentially affected females more than males. In conclusion, both the infection of thrips by TSWV and TSWV‐mediated changes in host plant quality were found to have significant biological effects on F. fusca . DA - 2005/3// PY - 2005/3// DO - 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2005.00251.x VL - 114 IS - 3 SP - 215-225 SN - 1570-7458 KW - insect vector KW - plant disease KW - tobacco thrips KW - Thysanoptera KW - Thripidae ER - TY - JOUR TI - Developmental consequences of in utero sodium arsenate exposure in mice with folate transport deficiencies AU - Spiegelstein, O AU - Gould, A AU - Wlodarczyk, B AU - Tsie, M AU - Lu, XF AU - Le, C AU - Troen, A AU - Selhub, J AU - Piedrahita, JA AU - Salbaum, JM AU - Kappen, C AU - Melnyk, S AU - James, J AU - Finnell, RH T2 - TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY AB - Previous studies have demonstrated that mice lacking a functional folate binding protein 2 gene (Folbp2-/-) were significantly more sensitive to in utero arsenic exposure than were the wild-type mice similarly exposed. When these mice were fed a folate-deficient diet, the embryotoxic effect of arsenate was further exacerbated. Contrary to expectations, studies on 24-h urinary speciation of sodium arsenate did not demonstrate any significant difference in arsenic biotransformation between Folbp2-/- and Folbp2+/+ mice. To better understand the influence of folate pathway genes on arsenic embryotoxicity, the present investigation utilized transgenic mice with disrupted folate binding protein 1 (Folbp1) and reduced folate carrier (RFC) genes. Because complete inactivation of Folbp1 and RFC genes results in embryonic lethality, we used heterozygous animals. Overall, no RFC genotype-related differences in embryonic susceptibility to arsenic exposure were observed. Embryonic lethality and neural tube defect (NTD) frequency in Folbp1 mice was dose-dependent and differed from the RFC mice; however, no genotype-related differences were observed. The RFC heterozygotes tended to have higher plasma levels of S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) than did the wild-type controls, although this effect was not robust. It is concluded that genetic modifications at the Folbp1 and RFC loci confers no particular sensitivity to arsenic toxicity compared to wild-type controls, thus disproving the working hypothesis that decreased methylating capacity of the genetically modified mice would put them at increased risk for arsenic-induced reproductive toxicity. DA - 2005/2/15/ PY - 2005/2/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.taap.2004.07.006 VL - 203 IS - 1 SP - 18-26 SN - 1096-0333 KW - arsenic KW - teratogenicity KW - biotransformation KW - detoxification KW - Folbp1 KW - RFC KW - neural tube defects ER - TY - JOUR TI - Adequacy of health and safety training among young Latino construction workers AU - T O'Connor, AU - Loomis, D AU - Runyan, C AU - Santo, JA AU - Schulman, M T2 - JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE AB - Objectives: This study aimed to assess the adequacy of safety training provided to young Latino immigrant construction workers. The study posited that, because of their youth and immigrant status, these workers would be less likely to receive adequate training. Methods: We interviewed 50 youths aged ≤21 who had worked at least 10 days in construction in the previous year. The in-person interview included 140 questions covering a range of construction work and health and safety experiences. Results: Participants reported performing a range of hazardous tasks, some while under the age of 18. Of these, 68% to 72% reported receiving some training, but median training time was only 1 hour. Only 24% reported receiving written training material. Those with less English ability received less training. Conclusions: Young Latino immigrants in this study received inadequate training given the hazardous work they performed. Clinical Significance: Results of this research, especially the relatively low level of English communication skills among young Latino workers, point to the need for increased bilingual services not just in worker safety training programs, but also in medical clinics and emergency rooms that treat Latino workers. DA - 2005/3// PY - 2005/3// DO - 10.1097/01.jom.0000150204.12937.f5 VL - 47 IS - 3 SP - 272-277 SN - 1536-5948 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Predation of Colorado potato beetle eggs by a polyphagous ladybeetle in the presence of alternate prey: potential impact on resistance evolution AU - Mallampalli, N AU - Gould, F AU - Barbosa, P T2 - ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA AB - Abstract The influence of prey choice on the predation of a target prey item by a polyphagous insect predator was investigated in field plot studies. The target prey consisted of eggs of the Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), and the predator was the 12‐spotted ladybeetle, Coleomegilla maculata Lengi (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Eggs of the European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), and nymphs and adults of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae Sulzer (Homoptera: Aphididae), comprised the alternative prey choices. The objectives of these studies were to: (1) examine predation in a multiprey scenario likely to occur in an agroecosystem, and (2) use the data to simulate the impact of predator‐induced mortality on the evolution of resistance to Bt‐transgenic plants in the target herbivore. Simulations of the rate of resistance evolution were carried out using a deterministic genetic model. Experiments were performed using potato field plots planted in a manner reflecting a 25% or 50% non‐transgenic refuge. CPB eggs were infested so as to mimic the densities of resistant and susceptible populations that might occur in commercial Bt‐transgenic plantings. Densities of predators and alternate prey species were chosen to represent those that might typically occur in potato crops in the eastern USA. Simulation results indicated that when ECB eggs were present, predation on CPB eggs either became inversely spatially density‐dependent, or increased significantly in a density‐dependent manner. When aphids were present, predation became positively density‐dependent. Model simulations predicted that ECB egg presence is beneficial, in that resistance was delayed by up to 40 pest generations (as compared to the scenario with CPB as the only prey), while aphid presence accelerated resistance evolution by 18 generations. Results suggest that resistance management strategies should take into account the composition of prey species available to generalist predators typically present, so as to best delay pest adaptation to Bt‐toxins. DA - 2005/1// PY - 2005/1// DO - 10.1111/j.0013-8703.2005.00232.x VL - 114 IS - 1 SP - 47-54 SN - 0013-8703 KW - Leptinotarsa decemlineata KW - Coleoptera KW - Chrysomelidae KW - Coccinellidae KW - Coleomegilla maculata KW - transgenic potato KW - predator-prey interactions KW - susceptible population KW - refuge ER - TY - JOUR TI - Population density-dependent regulation of exopolysaccharide formation in the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima AU - Johnson, MR AU - Montero, CI AU - Conners, SB AU - Shockley, KR AU - Bridger, SL AU - Kelly, RM T2 - MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY AB - Co-cultivation of the hyperthermophiles Thermotoga maritima and Methanococcus jannaschii resulted in fivefold higher T. maritima cell densities when compared with monoculture as well as concomitant formation of exopolysaccharide and flocculation of heterotroph-methanogen cellular aggregates. Transcriptional analysis of T. maritima cells from these aggregates using a whole genome cDNA microarray revealed the induction of a putative exopolysaccharide synthesis pathway, regulated by intracellular levels of cyclic diguanosine 3',5'-(cyclic)phosphate (cyclic di-GMP) and mediated by the action of several GGDEF proteins, including a putative diguanylate cyclase (TM1163) and a putative phosphodiesterase (TM1184). Transcriptional analysis also showed that TM0504, which encodes a polypeptide containing a motif common to known peptide-signalling molecules in mesophilic bacteria, was strongly upregulated in the co-culture. Indeed, when a synthetically produced peptide based on TM0504 was dosed into the culture at ecologically relevant levels, the production of exopolysaccharide was induced at significantly lower cell densities than was observed in cultures lacking added peptide. In addition to identifying a pathway for polysaccharide formation in T. maritima, these results point to the existence of peptide-based quorum sensing in hyperthermophilic bacteria and indicate that cellular communication should be considered as a component of the microbial ecology within hydrothermal habitats. DA - 2005/2// PY - 2005/2// DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04419.x VL - 55 IS - 3 SP - 664-674 SN - 1365-2958 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Corridors and olfactory predator cues affect small mammal behavior AU - Brinkerhoff, RJ AU - Haddad, NM AU - Orrock, JL T2 - JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY AB - The behavior of prey individuals is influenced by a variety of factors including, but not limited to, habitat configuration, risk of predation, and availability of resources, and these habitat-dependent factors may have interactive effects. We studied the responses of mice to an increase in perceived predation risk in a patchy environment to understand how habitat corridors might affect interactions among species in a fragmented landscape. We used a replicated experiment to investigate corridor-mediated prey responses to predator cues in a network of open habitat patches surrounded by a matrix of planted pine forest. Some of the patches were connected by corridors. We used mark–recapture techniques and foraging trays to monitor the movement, behavior, and abundance of small mammals. Predation threat was manipulated in one-half of the replicates by applying an olfactory predator cue. Corridors synchronized small mammal foraging activity among connected patches. Foraging also was inhibited in the presence of an olfactory predator cue but apparently increased in adjacent connected patches. Small mammal abundance did not change as a result of the predator manipulation and was not influenced by the presence of corridors. This study is among the 1st to indicate combined effects of landscape configuration and predation risk on prey behavior. These changes in prey behavior may, in turn, have cascading effects on community dynamics where corridors and differential predation risk influence movement and patch use. DA - 2005/8// PY - 2005/8// DO - 10.1644/1545-1542(2005)086[0662:CAOPCA]2.0.CO;2 VL - 86 IS - 4 SP - 662-669 SN - 1545-1542 KW - corridors KW - foraging KW - habitat fragmentation KW - movement KW - Peromyscus KW - Savannah River Site ER - TY - JOUR TI - The functional consequences of random vs. ordered species extinctions AU - Gross, K AU - Cardinale, BJ T2 - ECOLOGY LETTERS AB - Abstract Recent work suggests that the effect of extinction on ecosystem function depends on whether or not species have identical extinction risks. Here, we use a simple model of community dynamics to predict how the functional consequences of random and non‐random extinction may differ. The model suggests that when resource partitioning or facilitation structures communities, the functional consequences of non‐random extinction depend on the covariance between species traits and cumulative extinction risks, and the compensatory responses among survivors. Strong competition increases the difference between random and ordered extinctions, but mutualisms reduce the difference. When diversity affects function via a sampling effect, the difference between random and ordered extinction depends on the covariance between species traits and the change in the probability of being the competitive dominant caused by ordered extinction. These findings show how random assembly experiments can be combined with information about species traits to make qualitative predictions about the functional consequences of various extinction scenarios. DA - 2005/4// PY - 2005/4// DO - 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00733.x VL - 8 IS - 4 SP - 409-418 SN - 1461-0248 KW - biodiversity KW - competition KW - ecosystem function KW - extinction order KW - facilitation KW - productivity KW - random assembly experiments KW - sampling effect KW - theory ER - TY - JOUR TI - The effects of patch shape on indigo buntings: Evidence for an ecological trap AU - Weldon, AJ AU - Haddad, NM T2 - ECOLOGY AB - EcologyVolume 86, Issue 6 p. 1422-1431 Article THE EFFECTS OF PATCH SHAPE ON INDIGO BUNTINGS: EVIDENCE FOR AN ECOLOGICAL TRAP Aimee J. Weldon, Aimee J. Weldon Department of Zoology, Box 7617, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7617 USA Present address: IBA Program, National Audubon Society, 2302A Park Avenue, Richmond, Virginia 23220 USA. E-mail: aweldon@audubon.orgSearch for more papers by this authorNick M. Haddad, Nick M. Haddad Department of Zoology, Box 7617, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7617 USASearch for more papers by this author Aimee J. Weldon, Aimee J. Weldon Department of Zoology, Box 7617, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7617 USA Present address: IBA Program, National Audubon Society, 2302A Park Avenue, Richmond, Virginia 23220 USA. E-mail: aweldon@audubon.orgSearch for more papers by this authorNick M. Haddad, Nick M. Haddad Department of Zoology, Box 7617, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7617 USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 June 2005 https://doi.org/10.1890/04-0913Citations: 122 Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Abstract Habitat loss and fragmentation have led to a widespread increase in the proportion of edge habitat in the landscape. Disturbance-dependent bird species are widely assumed to benefit from these edges. However, anthropogenic edges may concentrate nest predators while retaining habitat cues that birds use to select breeding habitat. This may lead birds to mistakenly select dangerous habitat—a phenomenon known as an “ecological trap.” We experimentally demonstrated how habitat shape, and thus amount of edge, can adversely affect nest site selection and reproductive success of a disturbance-dependent bird species, the Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea). We did so within a landscape-scale experiment composed of equal-area habitat patches that differed in their amount of edge. Indigo Buntings preferentially selected edgy patches, which contained 50% more edge than more compact rectangular patches. Further, buntings fledged significantly fewer young per pair in edgy patches than in rectangular patches. These results provide the first experimental evidence that edges can function as ecological traps. Citing Literature Volume86, Issue6June 2005Pages 1422-1431 RelatedInformation DA - 2005/6// PY - 2005/6// DO - 10.1890/04-0913 VL - 86 IS - 6 SP - 1422-1431 SN - 0012-9658 KW - disturbance-dependent birds KW - ecological trap KW - edge habitat KW - fragmentation KW - habitat selection KW - Indigo Bunting KW - nest success KW - Passerina cyanea KW - patch shape KW - reproductive success ER - TY - JOUR TI - Soil resource availability impacts microbial response to organic carbon and inorganic nitrogen inputs AU - Zhang, W. J. AU - Zhu, W. AU - Hu, S. T2 - Journal of Environmental Sciences (China) DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 17 IS - 5 SP - 705-710 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Social impacts of La Crosse encephalitis, in North Carolina AU - Utz, JT AU - Apperson, CS AU - Dietz, EJ T2 - HUMAN ORGANIZATION AB - La Crosse (LAC) encephalitis, caused by a mosquito-transmitted virus, is endemic in the mountains of North Carolina and increasingly recognized in other areas of southern Appalachia. To obtain information on the social and familial impacts of LAC encephalitis in North Carolina, adult case patients (n = 2) and the parents/guardians of juvenile case patients (n = 23) were interviewed. Non-monetary quantitative and qualitative methods were used to estimate the burden of disease over the cumulative life years that elapsed from the onset of illness to the date of interviews. The largest portion of the psychological and social impact of LAC encephalitis was borne by case patients with lifelong neurological sequelae (the aftereffect of a disease or injury) (n = 5). Case patients (n = 16) manifesting transitory sequelae were impacted to a lesser extent, but signi?cantly greater (P &lt; 0.05) than patients (n = 4) who recovered completely from the illness. Prior to a family member contracting the illness, 80% of study participants were unaware of LAC encephalitis; consequently, they were not concerned about the health impacts of the disease. Lack of public awareness appears to result in part because LAC encephalitis is presently is under-reported and under-recognized by the medical community. The disease burden imposed by LAC encephalitis could be reduced if the public health community would develop disease prevention education and engage in active case surveillance coupled with case reporting and follow-up assistance to families. The La Crosse encephalitis prevention program should be community-based, but include organization of a mosquito abatement agency staffed with professional mosquito biologists. The social impacts of LAC encephalitis are representative of effects expected from other neuroinvasive arboviral diseases, such as West Nile encephalitis, for which there are relatively fewer case patients in long-term recovery. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.17730/humo.64.2.xa6yqcmf13qnu2k9 VL - 64 IS - 2 SP - 135-146 SN - 1938-3525 KW - la Crosse encephalitis KW - LaCrosse virus KW - social impact ER - TY - JOUR TI - Role of visual contrast in the alighting behavior of Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae) at overwintering sites AU - Nalepa, CA AU - Kennedy, GG AU - Brownie, C T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY AB - The multicolored Asian lady beetle Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) is often a pest during autumn, when large numbers take flight and subsequently land on and enter buildings. Open field experiments were conducted during the autumn flight to examine the role of linear contrast in visually attracting beetles. White targets printed with 61 by 15-cm stripes that varied in orientation and degree of contrast were covered in insect adhesive, attached to a white background panel, and erected in sites known to be attractive to flying beetles. Flights occurred when temperatures rose above 21°C. Diurnally, peak flight occurred between 1400 and 1600 hours but shifted progressively earlier within that framework as the flight season advanced. Beetles significantly chose targets with high contrast, black stripes; the number of beetles landing on all other contrast levels did not differ significantly from controls. Vertically positioned stripes attracted more beetles than horizontal ones, but not significantly. The effects of high contrast were absolute rather than relative. The number of beetles landing on targets with 50% contrast stripes did not increase when these were the highest contrast targets available. Results suggest that visual intensity contrast is key to understanding the behavior of H. axyridis in autumn and call into question some commonly accepted ideas regarding choice of overwintering sites. First, during migratory flight, H. axyridis is not visually attracted to the color white per se, and second, it is unlikely that, during flight, pheromones are involved in beetle orientation. DA - 2005/4// PY - 2005/4// DO - 10.1603/0046-225x-34.2.425 VL - 34 IS - 2 SP - 425-431 SN - 1938-2936 KW - multicolored Asian lady beetle KW - migration KW - silhouette KW - orientation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Regulation of JH epoxide hydrolase versus JH esterase activity in the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni, by juvenile hormone and xenobiotics AU - Anspaugh, DD AU - Roe, RM T2 - JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY AB - JH III esterase and JH III epoxide hydrolase (EH) in vitro activity was compared in whole body Trichoplusia ni homogenates at each stage of development (egg, larva, pupa and adult). While activity of both enzymes was detected at all ages tested, JH esterase was significantly higher than EH activity except for day three of the fifth (last) stadium (L5D3). For both enzymes, activity was highest in eggs. Adult virgin females had 4.6- and 4.0-fold higher JH esterase and EH activities, respectively, than adult virgin males. JH III metabolic activity also was measured in whole body homogenates of fifth stadium T. ni that were fed a nutritive diet (control) or starved on a non-nutritive diet of alphacel, agar and water. With larvae that were starved for 6, 28 and 52 h, EH activity per insect equivalent was 48%, 5% and 1%, respectively, of the control insects. At the same time points, JH esterase activity levels in starved T. ni were 29%, 4% and 3% of that of insects fed the nutritive diet. Selected insect hormones and xenobiotics were administered topically or orally to fifth stadium larvae for up to 52 h, and the effects on whole body EH and JH esterase activity analyzed. JH III increased the JH III esterase activity as high as 2.2-fold, but not the JH III EH activity. The JH analog, methoprene, increased both JH esterase and EH activity as high as 2.5-fold. The JH esterase inhibitor, 3-octylthio-1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-one (OTFP), had no impact on EH activity. The epoxides trans- and cis-stilbene oxide (TSO and CSO) in separate experiments increased the EH activity approximately 2.0-fold. TSO did not alter JH esterase levels when topically applied, but oral administration reduced activity to 70% of the control at 28 h, and then increased the activity 1.8-fold at 52 h after the beginning of treatment. CSO had no effect on JH esterase activity. Phenobarbital increased EH activity by 1.9-fold, but did not change JH esterase levels. Clofibrate and cholesterol 5alpha,6alpha-epoxide had no effect on EH. JH esterase activity also was not affected by clofibrate, but cholesterol 5alpha,6alpha-epoxide reduced the JH esterase activity to 60-80% of the control. The biological significance of these results is discussed. DA - 2005/5// PY - 2005/5// DO - 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2004.12.008 VL - 51 IS - 5 SP - 523-535 SN - 1879-1611 KW - juvenile hormone KW - epoxide hydrolase KW - JH esterase ER - TY - JOUR TI - Radio sports talk and the fantasies of sport AU - Zagacki, KS AU - Grano, D T2 - MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING AB - Abstract Rhetorical analysis of radio talk shows in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, home of the Louisiana State University “Fighting Tigers” college football team, revealed that the talk shows gave Tiger fans opportunities to share creative interpretations of events. This helped them cope with moments of perceived crisis when the team lost, and solidified their identity as tied to regional pride and the values of work, race, and masculinity. The talk shows also promoted fantasies about college athletics, essentially designating the university's athletic tradition as the most important activity on campus. In this sense, radio sports talk helps blur the line between amateur and professional sports and oversimplifies the complex mission of higher education. Keywords: SportRhetoricRadioTalk ShowsCommunityFantasy Notes Kenneth S. Zagacki is an associate professor in the Department of Communication at North Carolina State University and Dan Grano is an assistant professor in the Department of Communication Studies at The University of North Carolina at Charlotte. Correspondence to: Kenneth S. Zagacki, Department of Communication, Campus Box 8104, 201 Winston Hall, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8104, USA. Tel: 919 515 9748; Email: kszagack@social.chass.ncsu.edu. The authors would like to thank Vicki Gallagher, Robert Schrag, and the editors and reviewers of CSMC for helpful suggestions. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the November 2002 meeting of the National Communication Association and won an award for “Top Competitive Paper” in the Mass Communication Division. [1] Sperber (Citation2000) even argues that spectator sports, and the variety of social affairs surrounding them, now occupy the “academic” careers of vast numbers of undergraduates. For many of these students, he concludes, athletics will soon become the primary purpose for going to college. [2] We fully transcribed tape recordings of these two shows, which we utilize as case studies, and of two other radio talk shows. We then applied FTA to those texts by assembling the various subjects discussed on the talk shows and categorizing them in terms of their setting, character, and action components. From these components we derived two major sports fantasies and a larger rhetorical vision. Our analysis showed that even when different games were under consideration, other radio sports talk show participants used the same fantasy themes to interpret them. [3] Demographic information on the talk show audience was collected by station managers and faxed to us. According to their data, over 90% of the listeners were male; roughly 38% worked in white collar jobs; 50.8% earned incomes over $75,000 per year; approximately 70% were aged 25–54; and slightly over 60% earned college degrees. [4] Segal (Citation1990) argues that sport “provides the commonest contemporary source of male imagery” insofar as “the acceptable male image suggests—in its body's pose, its clothes and general paraphernalia—muscles, hardness, action” (p. 89). Callers to other Baton Rouge sports talk shows also raised questions about the players' “manhood” and described defensive linemen from the University of Tennessee as “real studs, real men.” The comments suggested that the opponents would not only overpower LSU but that they were more sexually potent as well. Probably, the callers thought the lack of sexual prowess on the part of the LSU players was an even greater insult than the lack of physical strength. Such claims invoked powerful and commonly-held masculine stereotypes of what makes a man a “real” man or a “stud”—a virile nature and an ability to out-compete other men in contests of extreme physical or sexual activity. By comparing “studs” against the lesser Tiger athletes, the callers readily invoked predominant cultural/communal images embedded in the sports fantasies to question and correct the social and bodily masculinity of their own players. [5] Several “Bengal Belles,” who describe themselves as “fanatical Southern women with tremendous passion for life that includes LSU football,” phoned the talk shows once or twice a week. The organization's mission statement can be retrieved from http://www.bengalbelles.org/mission.htm. [6] We are not suggesting the talk shows were the sole cause of these events—only a contributing factor. As anyone who has listened closely to such programs can attest, and as our own analysis illustrates, callers display—and are encouraged to display—strong emotions about their teams. Such emotions can very well lead to over-exuberant demonstrations of loyalty. And fantasy themes themselves encourage a sense of emotional belonging (Hensley, Citation1975). As Eco (Citation1983) says about sports talk in general, sports fans yell and gesticulate and thereby perform “physical and psychic exercise” that allows them to “discipline” their competitive natures (p. 162). Yet this form of spectatorship does not really translate to an acquired control and self-mastery. On the contrary, while the athletes are competing in play, “the voyeurs compete seriously (and, in fact, they beat up one another or die of heart failure in the grandstands)” (p. 162). [7] Few complained on the radio sports talk shows when, in August 2002, the LSU Board of Supervisors increased the chancellor's pay by $205,000 to $490,000 a year. This was only seven months after the coach hired by that chancellor led LSU to a Sugar Bowl victory and its first Southeastern Conference football championship in years (Redman, Citation2002). After winning the “2003 Bowl Championship Series” national championship in college football, the coach was made the highest-paid college football coach in the nation, as the fans had strongly encouraged on the talk shows. [8] Hanagriff emphasized playing “smart, with heart and emotion,” words that might even seem associated with femininity. In all likelihood, however, he was appropriating the meaning of these terms to football, a characteristically masculine endeavor. Hence, “smart” referred to playing with discipline, while “heart” and “emotion” referred to playing with aggression, bravado, and even with physical pain. Ideally, LSU football players combined all of these traits with raw physical strength, something also associated with masculinity. In contrast, players who were ineffective but “sensitive” to the needs of their teammates would be suspect and perhaps labeled unfit on the talk shows. Furthermore, it is unlikely a gay male athlete would publicly announce his sexual orientation at institutions like LSU, for such a disclosure would be met with derision on talk shows or it would be suppressed completely. (As far as we know, not a single LSU athlete has ever publicly made this announcement.) Also, hegemonic masculinity may discourage serious discussion of women's sports on talk radio. A promotion for one WIBR talk show, “Condon's Corner,” hosted by a local sports commentator nicknamed “The Hammer” for his aggressive, irascible style and love of LSU football, sarcastically rejected the notion that women's tennis or soccer would be covered on Condon's show. [9] The chancellor linked athletics with the university's “economic development” because LSU was, according to its provost at the time, “the worst-funded university of our size in the nation. … We are absolutely dead last in the nation in public funding for higher education” (quoted in Androbus, Citation2001, p. 17). Of course, the situation faced by the LSU chancellor may not be very different from the situation other Southeastern Conference administrators face. As Barnhart (Citation2002) points out, chancellors at these institutions must walk a tightrope between athletics and academics, learning to deal with overzealous fans and boosters who demand, on talk shows and elsewhere, nothing short of a winning season every year, whatever the cost to higher education. Chancellors are part of a culture “where booster and fan involvement is hands-on—sometimes to its detriment” (p. 16D). Additional informationNotes on contributorsDan Grano Kenneth S. Zagacki is an associate professor in the Department of Communication at North Carolina State University and Dan Grano is an assistant professor in the Department of Communication Studies at The University of North Carolina at Charlotte. Correspondence to: Kenneth S. Zagacki, Department of Communication, Campus Box 8104, 201 Winston Hall, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8104, USA. Tel: 919 515 9748; Email: kszagack@social.chass.ncsu.edu. The authors would like to thank Vicki Gallagher, Robert Schrag, and the editors and reviewers of CSMC for helpful suggestions. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the November 2002 meeting of the National Communication Association and won an award for “Top Competitive Paper” in the Mass Communication Division. DA - 2005/3// PY - 2005/3// DO - 10.1080/0739318042000331844 VL - 134 IS - 3 SP - 45-63 SN - 0361-0853 KW - sport KW - rhetoric KW - radio KW - talk shows KW - community KW - fantasy ER - TY - JOUR TI - Predicting cotton boll maturation period using degree days and other climatic factors AU - Viator, RP AU - Nuti, RC AU - Edmisten, KL AU - Wells, R T2 - AGRONOMY JOURNAL AB - Degree days are often used for cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) growth monitoring and management. The objectives of this research are to determine if 15.5°C is an accurate lower‐threshold temperature to monitor the boll maturation period (BMAP) for cotton in the northern, rainfed region of the U.S. Cotton Belt, to investigate other climatic factors in this cotton region that may improve the accuracy of the current degree day system for cotton, and to evaluate degree day models that include both an upper‐ and lower‐threshold temperature. Cotton was planted at three different timings in 2001 and 2002 to provide different climatic regimes during the BMAP. On 10 typical plants per plot, all first‐position flowers were individually tagged with date of flower opening and were then harvested at full maturity. Daily weather data consisted of maximum, minimum, and average air temperature; maximum and average soil temperature; average soil moisture; maximum and average solar radiation; and maximum and average photosynthetically active radiation. The 17°C degree day model, which used 17°C as the lower threshold, provided the best adjusted r 2 (0.2715) of all the single‐variable models; the degree day 15.5°C model had an adjusted r 2 of 0.2276. The best model using both upper and lower temperature thresholds was DD3017, using 30 and 17°C as the thresholds, and had an adjusted r 2 of 0.2452. Adding average, minimum, and maximum air temperatures to the DD15.5, DD17, and DD3017 models reduced coefficient of variation and mean square error and increased adjusted r 2 values. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.2134/agronj2005.0494 VL - 97 IS - 2 SP - 494-499 SN - 1435-0645 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pest control by genetic manipulation of sex ratio AU - Schliekelman, P. AU - Ellner, S. AU - Gould, Fred T2 - Journal of Economic Entomology AB - We model the release of insects carrying an allele at multiple loci that shifts sex ratios in favor of males. We model two approaches to sex ratio alteration. In the first (denoted SD), meiotic segregation (or sperm fertility) is distorted in favor of gametes carrying the male-determining genetic element (e.g., Y-chromosome). It is assumed that any male carrying at least one copy of the SD allele produces only genotypically male offspring. In the second approach (denoted PM), the inserted allele alters sex ratio by causing genetically female individuals to become phenotypically male. It is assumed that any insect carrying at least one copy of the PM allele is phenotypically male. Both approaches reduce future population growth by reducing the number of phenotypic females. The models allow variation in the number of loci used in the release, the size of the release, and the negative fitness effect caused by insertion of each sex ratio altering allele. We show that such releases may be at least 2 orders of magnitude more effective than sterile male releases (SIT) in terms of numbers of surviving insects. For example, a single SD release with two released insects for every wild insect and a 5% fitness cost per inserted allele could reduce the target population to 1/1000th of the no-release population size, whereas a similar-sized SIT release would only reduce the population to one-fifth of its original size. We also compare these two sex ratio alteration approaches to a female-killing (FK) system and the sterile male technique when there are repeated releases over a number of generations. In these comparisons, the SD approach is the most efficient with equivalent pest suppression achieved by release of ≈1 SD, 1.5–20 PM, 2–70 FK, and 16–3,000 SIT insects, depending on conditions. We also calculate the optimal number of SD and PM allele insertions to be used under various conditions, assuming that there is an additional genetic load incurred for each allelic insertion. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1093/jee/98.1.18 VL - 98 IS - 1 SP - 18–34 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Optimizing ROI of time-to-market practices AU - Katz, SM AU - Casey, R AU - Aiman-Smith, L T2 - RESEARCH-TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT AB - OVERVIEW:Most managers recognize that time-to-market practices provide benefits for their organizations, but few have considered all available TTM strategies. Further, little research has been done into the advantages and disadvantages of these strategies. Developing a process for and examining the cost effectiveness of TTM can be particularly useful. Measurements of usage and cost derived from organizational experience can be used to calculate the cost effectiveness of TTM practices within any setting. This information can then be used by management to optimize return on investment by achieving TTM with minimal costs. The goal is to create a set of balanced practices that meet the specific needs imposed by industry constraints. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1080/08956308.2005.11657315 VL - 48 IS - 3 SP - 47-57 SN - 0895-6308 KW - measuring NPD practices KW - ROI time-to-market practices KW - decision-making in NPD ER - TY - JOUR TI - Low-quality habitat corridors as movement conduits for two butterfly species AU - Haddad, NM AU - Tewksbury, JJ T2 - ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS AB - Corridors are a primary conservation tool to increase connectivity, promote individual movement, and increase gene flow among populations in fragmented landscapes. The establishment of effective conservation corridors will depend on constructing or preserving connecting habitat that attracts dispersing individuals. Yet, it remains unclear whether corridors must necessarily be composed of high-quality habitat to be effective and promote dispersal and gene flow. We address this issue with two mobile, open-habitat butterfly species, Junonia coenia Hübner and Euptoieta claudia Cramer. Using experimental landscapes created explicitly to examine the effects of corridors on dispersal rates, we show that open-habitat corridors can serve as dispersal conduits even when corridors do not support resident butterfly populations. Both butterfly species were rare near forest edges and equally rare in narrow corridors, yet both species dispersed more often between patches connected by these corridors than between isolated patches. At least for species that can traverse corridors within a generation, corridor habitat may be lower in quality than larger patches and still increase dispersal and gene flow. For these species, abundance surveys may not accurately represent the conservation value of corridors. DA - 2005/2// PY - 2005/2// DO - 10.1890/03-5327 VL - 15 IS - 1 SP - 250-257 SN - 1939-5582 KW - butterfly KW - connectivity KW - conservation KW - corridor KW - dispersal KW - Euptoieta claudia KW - fragmentation KW - gene flow KW - habitat quality KW - Junonia coenia KW - landscape experiment KW - small populations ER - TY - JOUR TI - Decomposition of soybean grown under elevated concentrations of CO2 and O-3 AU - Booker, F. L. AU - Prior, S. A. AU - Torbert, H. A. AU - Fiscus, E. L. AU - Pursley, W. A. AU - Hu, Shuijin T2 - Global Change Biology DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1111/j.1365.2486.2005.00939.x VL - 11 IS - 4 SP - 685–698 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization and phosphorus acquisition of plants: effects of coexisting plant species AU - Chen, X AU - Tang, JJ AU - Zhi, GY AU - Hu, SJ T2 - APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY AB - Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi influence interactions among plant species through enhancing nutrient uptake and possibly facilitating nutrient transport among plants. However, the effects of one plant species on coexisting plant species with regard to mycorrhizal colonization are not well understood. We examined root mycorrhizal colonization and phosphorus (P) acquisition of plants in a highly P-limiting soil in Lanxi city, Zhejiang, China from the year 2000 to 2002. Three dominant native plant species with different mycorrhizal properties, Digitaria ciliaris (poorly mycorrhizal species), Ixeris denticulate (moderately mycorrhizal species) and Kummerowia striata (highly mycorrhizal species), were planted in experimental plots. In the monocultures, K. striata was found to have the highest infection and D. ciliaris the lowest mycorrhizal infection, but shoot P-concentration was higher in both I. denticulate and D. ciliaris than that in K. striata. In the mixtures, D. ciliaris and I. denticulate did not significantly affect the mycorrhizal colonization, spore production and shoot P-concentration of K. striata plants, but K. striata and I. denticulate significantly increased root mycorrhizal colonization and shoot P-concentration of D. ciliaris. K. striata enhanced but D. ciliaris reduced mycorrhizal infection and shoot P-concentration of I. denticulate. These results suggested that highly mycorrhizal plant species may positively impact coexisting species with respect to mycorrhizal colonization and P acquisition, but the effects on poorly mycorrhizal species are less predictable. DA - 2005/3// PY - 2005/3// DO - 10.1016/j.apsoil.2004.07.009 VL - 28 IS - 3 SP - 259-269 SN - 1873-0272 KW - plant monoculture KW - plant mixture KW - mycorrhizal infection rate KW - mycorrhizal spores KW - shoot P- and N-concentration ER - TY - JOUR TI - Aflatoxin conducive and non-conducive growth conditions reveal new gene associations with aflatoxin production AU - Price, MS AU - Shannon, BCB AU - Sabrina, TB AU - Robert, AKB AU - Payne, GA T2 - FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY AB - Research on aflatoxin (AF) production has traditionally focused on defining the AF biosynthetic pathway with the goal of identifying potential targets for intervention. To understand the effect of nitrogen source, carbon source, temperature, and pH on the regulation of AF biosynthesis, a targeted cDNA microarray consisting of genes associated with AF production over time was employed. Expression profiles for genes involved in AF biosynthesis grouped into five clades. A putative regulon was identified consisting of 20 genes that were induced in the conducive nitrogen and pH treatments and the non-conducive carbon and temperature treatments, as well as four other putative regulons corresponding to each of the four variables studied. Seventeen genes exhibited consistent induction/repression profiles across all the experiments. One of these genes was consistently downregulated with AF production. Overexpression of this gene resulted in repression of AF biosynthesis. The cellular function of this gene is currently unresolved. DA - 2005/6// PY - 2005/6// DO - 10.1016/j.fgb.2005.03.009 VL - 42 IS - 6 SP - 506-518 SN - 1096-0937 KW - aflatoxin KW - gene expression KW - regulation KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - Aspergillus parasiticus ER - TY - JOUR TI - The title-page: Its early development, 1460-1510. AU - Orcutt, D T2 - LIBRARY RESOURCES & TECHNICAL SERVICES DA - 2005/1// PY - 2005/1// DO - 10.5860/lrts.49n1.67.2 VL - 49 IS - 1 SP - 67-67 SN - 0024-2527 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nemesis Divina AU - Kimler, WC T2 - BRITISH JOURNAL FOR THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE AB - CARL VON LINNÉ, Nemesis Divina. Edited and translated with explanatory notes by M. J. Petry. Archives internationales d'histoire des idées, 177. Dordrecht, Boston and London: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001. Pp. xviii+483. ISBN 0-7923-6820-7. £119.00, $169.00 (hardback). - Volume 38 Issue 2 DA - 2005/6// PY - 2005/6// DO - 10.1017/s0007087405276963 VL - 38 IS - 137 SP - 227-228 SN - 0007-0874 ER -