TY - JOUR TI - Relationship Between Colorado Potato Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and Tobacco Hornworm (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) Resistance in Lycopersicon hirsutum f. glabratum AU - Sorenson, C. E. AU - Fery, R. L. AU - Kennedy, G. G. T2 - Journal of Economic Entomology AB - Segregation patterns of glandular trichome-mediated resistance to Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) and to Manduca sexta (L.) were examined in short-term foliage consumption bioassays for the following plant populations: Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ‘Walter’, susceptible parent;. L. hirsutum f. glabratum C. H. Mull, PI 134417, resistant parent; F2 ((‘Walter’ × PI 134417) × (‘Walter’ × PI 134417));‘Walter’ × F1 (‘Walter’ × PI 134417); and F1 (‘Walter’ × PI 134417) × PI 134417. The component of L. decemlineata resistance associated with the foliar glandular trichomes segregated in a manner identical to M. sexta resistance. Because the levels of resistance to both insect species were highly correlated in segregating F1 backcross populations ( rT = 0.827; P ≤0.001), a common mechanism is indicated. PI 134417 also possesses a L. decemlineata resistance component associated with the foliar lamellae which causes extensive mortality (98%) of late instars and pupae compared with beetles reared on foliage of the commercial tomato cultivar ‘Walter’ (x̅ mortality, 57%). F1 plants from crosses between ‘Walter’ and PI 134417 were shown to lack the trichome-mediated component of resistance to L. decemlineata but to possess significant levels of the lamella-based resistance component (x̅ mortality, 89%). Thus, the lamella-based and trichome-mediated resistance components are under separate genetic control. DA - 1989/12/1/ PY - 1989/12/1/ DO - 10.1093/jee/82.6.1743 VL - 82 IS - 6 SP - 1743-1748 LA - en OP - SN - 1938-291X 0022-0493 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/82.6.1743 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Future Challenges for Entomology and the Entomological Society of America AU - Kennedy, G. G. AU - Gould, E. T2 - Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America AB - Centennial celebrations are a time for examining the past and charting the future. Other chapters in this volume have been devoted to an examination of our past E. H. Smith's insightful treatise on the first hundred years of the Entomological Society of America examines the forces, issues, and personalities that have shaped our science and our society, and it provides a suitable point of departure for our consideration of the future. DA - 1989/9/1/ PY - 1989/9/1/ DO - 10.1093/besa/35.3.190 VL - 35 IS - 3 SP - 190-200 J2 - Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America LA - en OP - SN - 0013-8754 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/besa/35.3.190 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Relationship Between Trichome Density in Tomato and Parasitism of Heliothis spp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Eggs by Trichogramma spp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) AU - Kauffman, William C. AU - Kennedy, George G. T2 - Environmental Entomology AB - During 1984 through 1986, eggs of Heliothis zea (Boddie) and H. virescens (F.) were collected from field-grown tomato accessions varying in levels of glandular trichome-based resistance to Manduca sexta (L.) (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) and Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Eggs were subsequently held in the laboratory to determine levels of egg parasitism, mortality, and hatch. Parasitism of eggs by Trichogramma petiosum Riley and T. exiguum (Pinto and Platner) was greatest on the Lycopersicon esculentum (Mill) cultivar susceptible to M. sexta and was lowest on all backcross lines (L. esculentum × PI 134417) × PI 134417) and the highly resistant L. hirsutum f. glabratum C. H. Muller (PI 134417). Regression analyses indicated that trichome density accounted for the greatest proportion of variance in Trichogramma spp. parasitism of eggs. However, because the methyl ketones 2-tridecanone and 2-undecanone, which contribute to the insect resistance of PI 134417, occur in the glandular trichome tips, their effects on parasitism by Trichogramma could not be separated from the effects of trichome density in this study. Egg density, canopy volume, and number of stem terminals per plot were unrelated to the percentage of parasitism by the Trichogramma studied here. DA - 1989/8/1/ PY - 1989/8/1/ DO - 10.1093/ee/18.4.698 VL - 18 IS - 4 SP - 698-704 LA - en OP - SN - 1938-2936 0046-225X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/18.4.698 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Developmental consequences of water and temperature in the European corn borer – maize interaction AU - Ellsworth, P.C. AU - Patterson, R.P. AU - Bradley, J.R., Jr. AU - Kennedy, G.G. AU - Stinner, R.E. T2 - Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata AB - Abstract Maize plants were grown under four moisture regimes (wet to extreme deficit) and three constant temperatures (20°, 25 ° & 30 ° C) in a phytotron. Each plant was infested with one E‐race European corn borer [ Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubn.)] (ECB) egg mass at pollen shed. ECB development, location, and establishment were recorded over the course of 12 destructive sample dates (4/temperature). ECB developmental rates were not significantly affected by soil moisture treatments, but were significantly affected by temperature. In spite of successful establishment of four distinctly different soil moisture regimes, the maize stalk tissue water levels were not significantly different among soil water treatments. Instead, the maize plants exhibited accelerated leaf senescence in response to the water deficit conditions. Among the soil water treatments, differences were found in larval establishment, vertical distribution and dispersion, and feeding site selection; however, those effects were slight and could not explain the similarity in ECB developmental rates observed in these treatments. In maize, the larval environment within the stalk was effectively insulated from changes in the external environment by the plant's ability to maintain a relatively high and stable stalk tissue water content. Thus, large changes to the soil environment had essentially no effect on ECB development, though drastic consequences for the plant. This study indicates that ECB rates of development are relatively insensitive to changes in the soil water environment as well as the associated changes in the maize plant that accompany severe drought stress. The significance of these findings to insect modelling, crop physiology, and insect‐crop interactions is discussed. RÉSUMÉ Influences de l'eau et de la température sur le développement d 'Ostrinia nubilalis dans le système pyrale‐maïs Des plants de maïs se développent dans un phytotron dans 4 conditions d'humidité du sol (de la saturation à la dessication) et à 3 températures constantes (20°, 25° & 30° C). Chaque pied est contaminé au moment de l'émission du pollen, par une ooplaque d' O. nubilalis Hübn. (ECB) de race européenne E. L'installation, la colonisation et le développement des chenilles sont notés lors de 12 périodes de prélèvements destructifs (4 par température). La vitesse de développement d' O. nubilalis est affectée par la température, main non par l'humidité du sol. Les 4 niveaux d'humidité du sol n'ont aucun effet sur la teneur en eau des tiges de maïs. En fait, les feuilles de maïs présentent une senescence précoce lorsqu'il y a déficit en eau dans le sol. La teneur en eau du sol agit sur l'installation, sur la distribution verticale, la dispersion et le lieu d'alimentation des chenilles; mais ces effets sont légers et ne modifient pas la vitesse de développement. L'environnement larvaire dans la tige de maïs est efficacement isolé des variations externes par l'aptitude de la plante à maintenir la teneur en eau des tiges relativement élevée et stable. Ainsi, des changements importants au niveau du sol n'ont pratiquement pas d'effets sur le développement d' O. nubilalis , malgré les conséquences brutales pour la plante. Cette étude montre que la vitesse de développement d' O. nubilalis est relativement insensible aux modifications de la teneur en eau du sol ainsi qu'aux effets de ce stress de sécheresse sévère sur le pied de maïs. La discussion porte sur l'importance de ces résultats pour la modélisation de la dynamique de l'insecte, la physiologie de la culture et les interactions entre insecte et plante. DA - 1989/12// PY - 1989/12// DO - 10.1111/j.1570-7458.1989.tb03576.x VL - 53 IS - 3 SP - 287-296 J2 - Entomologia Exp Applicata LA - en OP - SN - 0013-8703 1570-7458 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1989.tb03576.x DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Population consequences of diapause in a model system: the European corn borer AU - Ellsworth, P.C. AU - Umeozor, O.C. AU - Kennedy, G.G. AU - Bradley, J.R., Jr. AU - Van Duyn, J.W. T2 - Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata AB - Abstract The diapause biology of the European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübn.), is described based on natural and controlled environment studies of feral and lab‐reared ECB's in North Carolina (NC). The diapause response is described as a function of photophase (h of light/day) as well as a function of larval age (instar) at onset of diapause‐inducing conditions. A critical photophase of 14.4 h and a critical mean larval instar of 3.3 is found in the lab studies and supported by three years of insectary studies. Seven years of black light trapping of ECB moths in Goldsboro, NC, revealed the likelihood of up to four moth flights/year. Information about the diapause biology of this insect is used to explain both the number of flights and the relative magnitude of the final moth flights. On average, the majority of ECB lineages pass through three generations/year with early maturing ECB's producing a significant and predictable fourth generation. The timing and magnitude of the fourth flight can be partly explained on the basis of the critical photophase and the timing and age structure of previous ECB generations. In most years, the fourth flight is smaller than the third due to the majority of the fourth generation's predisposition towards diapause. However, in at least one case (1977), the fourth flight was unusually large and could be predicted by slight temporal shifts in the previous three flights resulting in the majority of the fourth generation larvae averting diapause. The value of the ECB‐diapause interaction as a model system for the explanation and prediction of dynamic phenological events is discussed. Résumé Les conséquences populationelles de la diapause sur le modèle biologique : Ostrinia nubilalis La diapause d' O. nubilalis Hubn. est décrite d'après des études en conditions naturelles et programmées de souches sauvages ou élevées au laboratoire en Caroline du Nord. La diapause est décrite comme une fonction de la photophase (heures de jour/24 heures) et du stade larvaire au début des conditions inductrices de la diapause. Une photophase critique de 14,4 h et un stade critique larvaire de 3,3 ont été établis au laboratoire après 3 ans d'études en insectarium. 7 ans de piégeage à la lumière noire à Goldsboro, ont montré la vraisemblance de l'existence de 4 vols par an. Les données sur la diapause de cet insecte sont utilisées pour expliquer tant le nombre de vols que l'importance relative des derniers vols. En moyenne, la majorité des lignées ont 3 générations par an, O. nubilalis précoces produisant une quatrième génération conséquente et prédictible. La date et l'importance du 4ème vol peuvent être partiellement expliquées d'après la photophase critique, et la date et la structure en âge des générations précédentes. La plupart des années, le 4ème vol est moins important que le 3ème par suite de la prédisposition à la diapause de la majorité de la 4ème génération. Cependant, dans un cas au moins, en 1977, le 4ème était anormalement important et pouvait être prédit par de faibles changements temporels dans les 3 précédents vols, détournant de la diapause la majorité des chenilles de 4ème génération. La discussion porte sur la valeur du modèle fourni par la diapause de O. nubilalis pour expliquer et prédire la dynamique des événements phénologiques. DA - 1989/11// PY - 1989/11// DO - 10.1111/j.1570-7458.1989.tb01284.x VL - 53 IS - 1 SP - 45-55 J2 - Entomologia Exp Applicata LA - en OP - SN - 0013-8703 1570-7458 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1989.tb01284.x DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Quantifying Food Consumption and Growth in Insects AU - Farrar, Robert R. AU - Barbour, James D. AU - Kennedy, George G. T2 - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AB - Relative consumption rate is frequently calculated as weight of food consumed divided by mean body weight over the course of the feeding period. However, mean weight incorporates weight change, which is a function of digestive efficiency; relative consumption rate, therefore, is inherently dependent on physiological responses. In short-term (within one instar) experiments quantifying insect behavior, the maximum amount of food an insect can eat is not likely to vary directly with body weight. Under such circumstances, it is more appropriate to relate consumption to the weight of the insect at the beginning of the test, not to mean weight. The use of mean weights produces a similar bias in relative growth rate. DA - 1989/9/1/ PY - 1989/9/1/ DO - 10.1093/aesa/82.5.593 VL - 82 IS - 5 SP - 593-598 LA - en OP - SN - 1938-2901 0013-8746 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aesa/82.5.593 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Inhibition ofCampoletis sonorensis parasitism ofHeliothis zea and of parasitoid development by 2-tridecanone-mediated insect resistance of wild tomato AU - Kauffman, William C. AU - Kennedy, George G. T2 - Journal of Chemical Ecology DA - 1989/6// PY - 1989/6// DO - 10.1007/bf01012276 VL - 15 IS - 6 SP - 1919–1930 SN - 0098-0331 1573-1561 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01012276 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Toxicity of allelochemicals from wild insect-resistant tomatoLycopersicon hirsutum f.glabratum toCampoletis sonorensis, a parasitoid ofHeliothis zea AU - Kauffman, W. C. AU - Kennedy, G. G. T2 - Journal of Chemical Ecology DA - 1989/7// PY - 1989/7// DO - 10.1007/bf01207437 VL - 15 IS - 7 SP - 2051–2060 SN - 0098-0331 1573-1561 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01207437 ER - TY - CONF TI - Improving the Prospects of Minority Student Success through Shared Governance AU - Dorsey Gaines, C. AU - Ross, H. AU - Bridges, A. AU - Berry, R. T2 - Conference on the Minority Student Today Conference: Recruitment, Retention, and Success C2 - 1989/// C3 - Proceedings of a Conference on the Minority Student Today Conference: Recruitment, Retention, and Success CY - San Antonio TX DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/10/9/ SP - 72 ER - TY - CONF TI - Improving the Prospects of Minority Student Student Success through Shared Governance AU - Dorsey Gaines, C. AU - Ross, H. AU - Bridges, A. AU - Berry, R. T2 - Conference on the Minority Student Today C2 - 1989/// C3 - The Minority Student Today: Recruitment, Retention, and Success, Proceedings of a Conference on the Minority Student Today CY - San Antonio, TX DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/10/9/ SP - 72–74 ER - TY - CONF TI - Bioprocessing of Fossil Fuels Using Hyperthermophilic Archaebacteria AU - Olson, G.J. AU - Peeples, T.L. AU - Blumentals, I.I. AU - Schicho, R.N. AU - Brown, S.H. AU - Kelly, R.M. T2 - 14th Annual EPRI Conference on Fuel Science and Conversion C2 - 1989/// C3 - Proceedings of the 14th Annual EPRI Conference on Fuel Science and Conversion CY - Palo Alto, CA DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/5// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Growth and gas production for hyperthermophilic archaebacterium,Pyrococcus furiosus AU - Malik, B. AU - Su, W.-w. AU - Wald, H. L. AU - Blumentals, I. I. AU - Kelly, R. M. T2 - Biotechnology and Bioengineering AB - Pyrococcus furiosus represents one of the most important hyperthermophilic bacteria isolated thus far because of its relatively high cell yields and rapid growth rates. Pyrococcus furiosus exhibits several interesting growth characteristics, especially in terms of biotic gas production, which were examined in this study. In the presence of elemental sulfur, both carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide production appeared to be strongly growth associated, while no significant hydrogen production was observed. In the absence of sulfur, hydrogen and carbon dioxide were produced by the organism and hydrogen inhibition was observed. The addition of elemental sulfur to the medium apparently eliminated, hydrogen inhibition as growth proceeded normally even when hydrogen was added to the gas phase. Also, no apparent substrate limitation or toxic product could be attributed to the cessation of growth as cell growth in spent media was at least as good as in fresh media. An unstructured growth model was used to correlate growth and gas production for P. furiosus in complex seawater-based media at 98 degrees C both in the absence and presence of elemental sulfur. The model was shown to be useful for examining some of the observations made in this study. DA - 1989/10/20/ PY - 1989/10/20/ DO - 10.1002/bit.260340805 VL - 34 IS - 8 SP - 1050-1057 J2 - Biotechnol. Bioeng. LA - en OP - SN - 0006-3592 1097-0290 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260340805 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Probing coals for non-pyritic sulphur using sulphur-metabolizing mesophilic and hyperthermophilic bacteria AU - Schicho, R.N. AU - Brown, S.H. AU - Olson, G.J. AU - Parks, E.J. AU - Kelly, R.M. T2 - Fuel AB - The presence of elemental sulphur in several coals from the midwestern US (Illinois No. 6, Indiana No. 5, and an Indiana refuse coal) as well as in an Australian brown coal was probed using specific microbial activity to this sulphur speciation. The objective of this work was to differentiate elemental sulphur from the apparent organic sulphur fraction in these coals. Two hyperthermophilic archaebacteria, Pyrodictium brockii and Pyrococcus furiosus, are known to specifically reduce elemental sulphur to sulphide seawater-based media. The eubacterium, Thiobacillus thiooxidans, is known to specifically oxidize elemental sulphur to sulphate. These biological activities were examined in aqueous solutions containing the above coal samples by comparing the biotic production of sulphide or sulphate with both the reduction of total coal sulphur content and the reduction in the sulphur extractable by carbon disulphide. Only the heavily weathered, refuse coal contained significant elemental sulphur (≈ 1%), by both biological assay and sulphur assay of carbon disulphide-extractable material. The elemental sulphur content of the refuse coal appeared as organic sulphur by conventional analytical methods (i.e., ASTM method for coal sulphur speciation). The results here point to the prospect of using biological probes for elemental sulphur determination in coals, thereby making organic sulphur content determination more specific. DA - 1989/11// PY - 1989/11// DO - 10.1016/0016-2361(89)90032-x VL - 68 IS - 11 SP - 1368-1375 J2 - Fuel LA - en OP - SN - 0016-2361 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(89)90032-x DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cultivation Techniques for Hyperthermophilic Archaebacteria: Continuous Culture of Pyrococcus furiosus at Temperatures near 100�C AU - Brown, S. H. AU - Kelly, R. M. T2 - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AB - A system which allows continuous cultivation of hyperthermophilic archaebacteria at temperatures approaching 100�C has been developed. Continuous cultivation of the hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus was carried out with this system; the resulting dilution rate and gas production profiles are discussed. DA - 1989/8// PY - 1989/8// DO - 10.1128/aem.55.8.2086-2088.1989 VL - 55 IS - 8 SP - 2086-2088 J2 - Appl Environ Microbiol LA - en OP - SN - 0099-2240 1098-5336 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.55.8.2086-2088.1989 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Characterization of hydrogen-uptake activity in the hyperthermophile Pyrodictium brockii. AU - Pihl, T. D. AU - Schicho, R. N. AU - Kelly, R. M. AU - Maier, R. J. T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences AB - Pyrodictium brockii is a hyperthermophilic archaebacterium with an optimal growth temperature of 105 degrees C. P. brockii is also a chemolithotroph, requiring H2 and CO2 for growth. We have characterized P. brockii hydrogen-uptake activity with regard to temperature, ability to couple hydrogen oxidation to artificial electron acceptor reduction, sensitivity to O2, and cellular localization. The hydrogen-uptake activity was localized predominantly in a particulate fraction, was reversibly inhibited by O2, and coupled H2 uptake to the reduction of positive potential artificial electron acceptors. Comparisons between these results and those of the well-studied hydrogen-uptake hydrogenase from the mesophile Bradyrhizobium japonicum showed the two enzymes to be similar despite the very different natural environments of the organisms. However, the optimum temperature for activity differed greatly in the two organisms. We have also used immunological and genetic probes specific to the 65-kDa subunit of B. japonicum hydrogenase to assay crude extracts and genomic DNA, respectively, from P. brockii and found the enzymes to be similar in these respects as well. In addition, we report a formulation for artificial seawater capable of sustaining the growth of P. brockii. DA - 1989/1/1/ PY - 1989/1/1/ DO - 10.1073/pnas.86.1.138 VL - 86 IS - 1 SP - 138-141 J2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences LA - en OP - SN - 0027-8424 1091-6490 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.86.1.138 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bioreactor operation for the production of exotoxin A byPseudomonas aeruginosa AU - Blumentals, Ilse I. AU - Kelly, Robert M. AU - Shiloach, Joseph T2 - Biotechnology and Bioengineering AB - Biotechnology and BioengineeringVolume 34, Issue 9 p. 1214-1220 Communications to the EditorFree Access Bioreactor operation for the production of exotoxin A by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Ilse I. Blumentals, Ilse I. Blumentals Department of Chemical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218Search for more papers by this authorRobert M. Kelly, Robert M. Kelly Department of Chemical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218Search for more papers by this authorJoseph Shiloach, Corresponding Author Joseph Shiloach Biotechnology Unit, Bldg 6, B1-33, NIDDK The National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Maryland 20892Biotechnology Unit, Bldg 6, B1-33, NIDDK The National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Maryland 20892Search for more papers by this author Ilse I. Blumentals, Ilse I. Blumentals Department of Chemical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218Search for more papers by this authorRobert M. Kelly, Robert M. Kelly Department of Chemical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218Search for more papers by this authorJoseph Shiloach, Corresponding Author Joseph Shiloach Biotechnology Unit, Bldg 6, B1-33, NIDDK The National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Maryland 20892Biotechnology Unit, Bldg 6, B1-33, NIDDK The National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Maryland 20892Search for more papers by this author First published: November 1989 https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.260340913AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL References 1 B. H. Iglewski and D. Kabat, Proc. 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Kotze and A. Kistner, Can. J. Microbiol., 20, 861 (1974). 27 Z. Fenel, J. Ričica, and J. Kodešovä, J. Appl. Chem. Biotechnol., 22, 405 (1972). Volume34, Issue9November 1989Pages 1214-1220 ReferencesRelatedInformation DA - 1989/11// PY - 1989/11// DO - 10.1002/bit.260340913 VL - 34 IS - 9 SP - 1214-1220 J2 - Biotechnol. Bioeng. LA - en OP - SN - 0006-3592 1097-0290 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260340913 DB - Crossref ER - TY - BOOK TI - Project estuary AU - Jones, M.G. DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// PB - North Carolina Estuarine Research Reserve Program ER - TY - JOUR TI - Gender bias in classroom interactions AU - Jones, M.G. T2 - Contemporary Education DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// VL - 60 IS - 4 SP - 218–222 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Family Division of Labor and Decision Making Among Smallholders AU - Garrett, Patricia AU - Schulman, Michael D. T2 - Sociology and Social Research DA - 1989/10// PY - 1989/10// VL - 74 SP - 16-21 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Agrarian origins, industrial experience, and militancy: An analysis of textile workers AU - Schulman, Michael D. AU - Lobao, Linda T2 - Sociological Spectrum AB - What are the impacts of agrarian origins and industrial experience upon worker militancy? Investigations of this question have been framed by reference to the experiences of newly proletarianized workers‐their path to the factory via farming and their industrial experience or socialization into nonfarm working class life. Some argue that newly proletarianized workers are prone to militancy due to their inexperience with factory discipline and marginal workplace positions. Others maintain that the characteristics of recently arrived workers fail to promote or may even inhibit militancy. These competing perspectives are examined by analyzing the effects of farm background and personal and intergenerational industrial experience on four measures of militancy for a sample of textile workers from a Southern community. The analysis suggests some support for the perspective that workers with less personal experience in the mills have higher levels of militancy. Workers from farm backgrounds were slightly more militant than their nonfarm counterparts. In contrast, intergenerational experience in the mills was not consistently related to militancy, indicating that its effects may be mediated by other worker characteristics. DA - 1989/9// PY - 1989/9// DO - 10.1080/02732173.1989.9981900 VL - 9 IS - 4 SP - 379-401 J2 - Sociological Spectrum LA - en OP - SN - 0273-2173 1521-0707 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02732173.1989.9981900 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - The farm crisis: An analysis of social psychological distress among North Carolina farm operators AU - Schulman, Michael D. AU - Armstrong, Paula S. T2 - American Journal of Community Psychology AB - American Journal of Community PsychologyVolume 17, Issue 4 p. 423-441 Article The farm crisis: An analysis of social psychological distress among North Carolina farm operators Michael D. Schulman, Corresponding Author Michael D. Schulman Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social WorkNorth Carolina State University 27695-8107 RaleighNorth CarolinaSearch for more papers by this authorPaula S. Armstrong, Paula S. Armstrong Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social WorkNorth Carolina State University 27695-8107 RaleighNorth CarolinaSearch for more papers by this author Michael D. Schulman, Corresponding Author Michael D. Schulman Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social WorkNorth Carolina State University 27695-8107 RaleighNorth CarolinaSearch for more papers by this authorPaula S. Armstrong, Paula S. Armstrong Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social WorkNorth Carolina State University 27695-8107 RaleighNorth CarolinaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 August 1989 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00931171Citations: 10 Paper Number 12226 of the Journal Series of the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7601. Revised version of paper presented at the annual meeting of the Rural Sociological Society, August 1988, Athens, Georgia. Data collected for this research are part of the North Carolina Farm and Rural Life Study (1987), a project of the Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina. The North Carolina Farm and Rural Life Study is supported by the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service and the North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service. Additional support was provided by the North Carolina Agricultural Foundation. The opinions expressed are those of the authors who thank Michael Schwalbe and Catherine Zimmer for comments on previous drafts. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References Averill, J. R., Personal control over aversive stimuli and its relationship to stress. Psychological Bulletin. 1973. 80 286–303. Bachrach, L. L., Marital status and mental disorder: An analytical review. 1975. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Bell, R. A., LeRoy, J. G., Stephenson, J. J., Evaluating the mediating effects of social support upon life events and depressive symptoms. Journal of Community Psychology. 1982. 10 125–240. Berkman, L. 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T2 - The American Biology Teacher AB - Research Article| November 01 1989 Biological Literacy Gail Jones Gail Jones Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The American Biology Teacher (1989) 51 (8): 480–481. https://doi.org/10.2307/4448993 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Gail Jones; Biological Literacy. The American Biology Teacher 1 November 1989; 51 (8): 480–481. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/4448993 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe American Biology Teacher Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1989 National Association of Biology Teachers Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content. DA - 1989/11// PY - 1989/11// DO - 10.2307/4448993 VL - 51 IS - 8 SP - 480–481 SN - 0002-7685 1938-4211 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4448993 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Gender influences in classroom displays and student-teacher behaviors AU - Jones, M. Gail AU - Wheatley, Jack T2 - Science Education AB - Science EducationVolume 73, Issue 5 p. 535-545 Article Gender influences in classroom displays and student-teacher behaviors M. Gail Jones, M. Gail Jones University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, N.C.Search for more papers by this authorJack Wheatley, Jack Wheatley North Carolina State University, Raleigh, N.C.Search for more papers by this author M. Gail Jones, M. Gail Jones University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, N.C.Search for more papers by this authorJack Wheatley, Jack Wheatley North Carolina State University, Raleigh, N.C.Search for more papers by this author First published: September 1989 https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.3730730503Citations: 30AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume73, Issue5September 1989Pages 535-545 RelatedInformation DA - 1989/9// PY - 1989/9// DO - 10.1002/sce.3730730503 VL - 73 IS - 5 SP - 535-545 J2 - Sci. Ed. LA - en OP - SN - 0036-8326 1098-237X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sce.3730730503 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Reef fish assemblages on submerged lava flows of three different ages AU - Godwin, J.R. AU - Kosaki, R.K. T2 - Pacific Science DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// VL - 43 IS - 4 SP - 289-301 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Gender Issues in Teacher Education AU - Jones, M. Gail T2 - Journal of Teacher Education AB - Jones examines the influence of gender bias on classroom interactions. Sixty teachers were observed using the Brophy-Good Teacher-Child Dyadic In teraction System to code classroom in teractions. Teacher experience was then analyzed in relation to gender differ ences in classroom interactions. Teach ers of all levels of experience were found to interact more with male students than with females. The nature of and differ ences in interactional patterns are examined. Reform in teacher prepara tion with regard to educational equity is discussed. DA - 1989/1// PY - 1989/1// DO - 10.1177/002248718904000108 VL - 40 IS - 1 SP - 33-38 J2 - Journal of Teacher Education LA - en OP - SN - 0022-4871 1552-7816 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002248718904000108 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Differentiation and survival among North Carolina smallholders: An empirical perspective on the Lenin‐Chayanov debate AU - Schulman, Michael D. AU - Garrett, Patricia M. AU - Newman, Barbara A. T2 - The Journal of Peasant Studies AB - Abstract This article addresses theoretical issues concerning differentiation and class formation using North American data. It explores how socio‐economic characteristics vary and impact survival in agriculture. The study is based on panel data collected from a sample of smallholders in three Piedmont North Carolina counties. Factor analysis reveals five major dimensions of differentiation: scale, household labour, off‐farm family labour and income, demographic characteristics, and land tenure. An index of propensity to survive in agriculture, constructed from three waves of panel data is regressed upon five indices measuring the underlying dimensions of differentiation. Land tenure manifests a statistically significant net effect on survival in agriculture. These empirical results support theoretical arguments in favour of integrating analyses of socio‐economic and demographic differentiation in the study of agricultural enterprises. Notes Associate Professor in Sociology, North Carolina State University. Raleigh, NC 27695–8107, USA; Senior Investigator, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599–8040, USA; Research Analyst, Carl Vinson Institute of Government, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. DA - 1989/7// PY - 1989/7// DO - 10.1080/03066158908438405 VL - 16 IS - 4 SP - 523-541 J2 - The Journal of Peasant Studies LA - en OP - SN - 0306-6150 1743-9361 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03066158908438405 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Phytophthora root rot and irrigation schedule influence growth and phenology of processing tomatoes AU - Ristaino, JB AU - Duniway, JM AU - Marois, JJ T2 - Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science (USA) DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// ER - TY - RPRT TI - Effect of preinoculation and postinoculation water stress on the severity of Phytophthora root rot in processing tomatoes AU - Ristaino, JB AU - Duniway, JM DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Unconditional Asymptotic Results for Simple Linear Regression AU - Thurman, Walter N. T2 - The American Statistician DA - 1989/8// PY - 1989/8// DO - 10.2307/2685061 VL - 43 IS - 3 SP - 148 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Consistent estimation of general equilibrium welfare effects AU - Thurman, W. N. AU - Wohlgenant, M. K. T2 - American Journal of Agricultural Economics DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// VL - 71 ER - TY - SOUND TI - Two Illustrations of the Welfare Significance of a General Equilibrium Demand Curve AU - Thurman, Walter N. DA - 1989/8// PY - 1989/8// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sweden's Financial Sophistication in the Nineteenth Century: An Appraisal AU - Fisher, Douglas AU - Thurman, Walter N. T2 - The Journal of Economic History AB - The article tests a variant of Lars G. Sandberg's “financial sophistication hypothesis.” Sandberg argues that Sweden had an unusually large stock of financial capital in 1850 which, along with a highly literate populace, was paramount in the subsequent economic explosion. Unable to test the hypothesis directly, we use a variant—that the financial sector was a leading sector in Swedish development—amenable to time-series tests of the Granger-causality form. These tests on data from 1861 to 1910 do not show causality from financial variables to real; indeed, the converse holds. DA - 1989/9// PY - 1989/9// DO - 10.1017/s0022050700008780 VL - 49 IS - 03 SP - 621-634 ER - TY - SOUND TI - On The Welfare Significance of General Equilibrium Demand and Supply Curves AU - Thurman, Walter N. DA - 1989/12// PY - 1989/12// ER - TY - JOUR TI - OBSERVER PERFORMANCE IN KNOWN AND BLIND RADIO-TELEMETRY ACCURACY TESTS AU - MILLS, LS AU - KNOWLTON, FF T2 - JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT DA - 1989/4// PY - 1989/4// DO - 10.2307/3801134 VL - 53 IS - 2 SP - 340-342 SN - 0022-541X ER - TY - CONF TI - Incorporation of HTR and autogeneic cortical bone grafts AU - McCord, M.G. AU - Powers, D.L. AU - Sander, T. C2 - 1989/// C3 - Transactions : fifteenth annual meeting of the Society for Biomaterials : April 28-May 2, 1989 DA - 1989/// PB - Birmingham, Ala.: The Society, ER - TY - JOUR TI - TRICHODERMA SPP - GROWTH-RATES AND ANTAGONISM TO PHELLINUS-WEIRII INVITRO AU - GOLDFARB, B AU - NELSON, EE AU - HANSEN, EM T2 - MYCOLOGIA AB - Seventy isolates representing six species of Trichoderma were tested for linear growth rates at five temperatures (5–25 C). Growth rate varied substantially within and among species. Multivariate procedures were used to distinguish species on the basis of their growth rates. The ability of nine isolates to kill Phellinus weirii was tested in vitro at 10 and 20 C. Isolates of T. viride, T. polysporum, and T. harzianum were more antagonistic to P. weirii than were isolates of the other three species. The T. harzianum isolate killed P. weirii fastest at 20 C, whereas the T. viride and T. polysporum isolates acted most rapidly at 10C. Techniques used here to assay antagonism can be extended to test more isolates, both in vitro and in the field. DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// DO - 10.2307/3760075 VL - 81 IS - 3 SP - 375-381 SN - 0027-5514 ER - TY - JOUR TI - TRICHODERMA SPECIES FROM DOUGLAS-FIR STUMPS AND ROOTS INFESTED WITH PHELLINUS-WEIRII IN THE WESTERN CASCADE MOUNTAINS OF OREGON AU - GOLDFARB, B AU - NELSON, EE AU - HANSEN, EM T2 - MYCOLOGIA AB - Six species of Trichoderma were isolated from Douglas-fir stumps and roots infested with Phellinus weirii. Trichoderma viride and T. polysporum were the most common species. Trichoderma spp. were isolated more frequently from stem portions of stumps harvested 11 years earlier than from those harvested one year earlier. Colonization by these and other fungi was less extensive in roots than in stems. Although the overall frequency of isolation of Trichoderma spp. was low (70 of 5970 isolations), their greater association with wood decayed by P. weirii, as compared with undecayed wood, may have implications in the control of laminated root rot. DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// DO - 10.2307/3759458 VL - 81 IS - 1 SP - 134-138 SN - 0027-5514 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) AU - Goldfarb, B. AU - Zaerr, J. B. T2 - Trees II (Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 5) AB - The genus Pseudotsuga (Pinaceae) consists of eight species (El-Kassaby et al. 1983). Six species occur naturally in eastern Asia in non-overlapping ranges. Pseudotsuga japonica (Shiras.) Beissn. occurs in Japan and P. wilsoniana Hayata in Taiwan. Pseudotsuga forrestii Craib., P. sinensis Dode, P. gaussenii Flous and P. brevifolia Chang et L. K. Fu. are located in China. There are two North American species: P. macrocarpa (Torr.) Mayr, with a limited range in Southern California, and P. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco (Douglas-fir), which occurs throughout western North America (Fowells 1965). The latter has two varieties: the coastal P. menziesii var. menziesii and the interior P. menziesii var. glauca. PY - 1989/// DO - 10.1007/978-3-642-61535-1_28 SP - 526-548 PB - Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag SN - 0387191585 ER - TY - JOUR TI - PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES AGAINST THE H-Y-ANTIGEN AU - BOOMAN, P AU - KRUIJT, L AU - TIEMAN, M AU - PIEDRAHITA, JA AU - VEERHUIS, R AU - DEBOER, P AU - RUCH, FE T2 - JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOGY AB - Monoclonal antibodies against the H-Y antigen were produced using spleen cells from female C57BL/6 mice hyperimmunized with cells from syngeneic males. Anti-H-Y positive clones were detected by enzyme immunoassays. Supernatant fluids from Daudi cell cultures and testicular cell preparations taken from mice, rabbits or calves served as presumptive sources of H-Y antigen. In addition, testis supernatant from genetically sterile mice was used. Male specificity was ascertained by the fact that the antibodies could be absorbed with spleen cells from male but not from female mice. Binding of the antibodies to H-Y antigen on the surface of male and female cells, obtained from a number of tissues and species, was confirmed by an indirect immunofluorescence assay. Several monoclonal antibodies appeared to be positive in all assays tested, suggesting that the molecule conferring the H-Y antigenicity lacks species-specificity and appears to be identical for soluble and membrane-bound H-Y antigen. DA - 1989/7// PY - 1989/7// DO - 10.1016/0165-0378(89)90011-9 VL - 15 IS - 3 SP - 195-205 SN - 0165-0378 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Basis tables for live hogs in selected North Carolina markets, 1984-1988 AU - Zering, K. D. DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// PB - Raleigh, N.C.: Dept. of Economics and Business, N.C. State University ER - TY - JOUR TI - CONSISTENT ESTIMATION OF GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM WELFARE EFFECTS AU - THURMAN, WN AU - WOHLGENANT, MK T2 - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AB - Abstract A general equilibrium demand curve is appropriate for measuring the surplus changes in several markets induced by a policy intervention in one market. Guidelines for the identification and consistent estimation of such a demand curve are discussed. Specifically, conditions are stated under which the dropping of prices of related goods yields a consistent estimate of the slope of the general equilibrium demand curve. Also, a method similar to Leamer's is proposed to provide consistent bounds for the general equilibrium demand slope when the slope is underidentified. DA - 1989/11// PY - 1989/11// DO - 10.2307/1242680 VL - 71 IS - 4 SP - 1041-1045 SN - 0002-9092 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Relative suitability of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti in North Carolina to support development of Dirofilaria immitis AU - Apperson, C. S. AU - Engber, B. AU - Levine, J. F. T2 - Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// VL - 5 IS - 3 SP - 377-382 ER -