TY - JOUR TI - Incorporation of the Noncoding roX RNAs Alters the Chromatin-Binding Specificity of the Drosophila MSL1/MSL2 Complex AU - Li, F> AU - Schiemann, A.H. AU - Scott, M.J T2 - Molecular and Cellular Biology AB - This article refers to:Incorporation of the Noncoding roX RNAs Alters the Chromatin-Binding Specificity of the Drosophila MSL1/MSL2 Complex DA - 2008/4/1/ PY - 2008/4/1/ DO - 10.1128/MCB.00309-08 VL - 28 IS - 8 SP - 2850–2850 SN - 1098-5549 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/MCB.00309-08 ER - TY - JOUR TI - How do ncRNAs guide chromatin-modifying complexes to specific locations within the nucleus? AU - Scott, Maxwell J. AU - Li, Fang T2 - RNA Biology AB - Transcriptome analyses have led to the realisation that eukaryotic cells make a large number of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). It appears that some of these are involved in guiding chromatin-modifying complexes to specific locations within the nucleus. How such ncRNAs function is largely unknown but various models have been proposed. Here we briefly discuss the evidence supporting two such models; that ncRNAs function by annealing either with nascent transcripts or with homologous DNA sequences. We then review a third model that is based on our recent work on the role of the noncoding roX RNAs in the localisation of the MSL complex to sites on the X chromosome in Drosophila. Our results suggest that the MSL1 and MSL2 proteins bind to chromatin but it is the incorporation of the roX RNAs into the complex that somehow alters the binding specificity of the MSL1/MSL2 proteins to recognise sites on the X chromosome. DA - 2008/1// PY - 2008/1// DO - 10.4161/rna.5.1.5943 VL - 5 IS - 1 SP - 13-16 J2 - RNA Biology LA - en OP - SN - 1547-6286 1555-8584 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/rna.5.1.5943 DB - Crossref ER - TY - ER - TY - ER - TY - BOOK TI - Integration of Insect-Resistant Genetically Modified Crops within IPM Programs A3 - Romeis, Jörg A3 - Shelton, Anthony M. A3 - Kennedy, George G. DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// DO - 10.1007/978-1-4020-8373-0 OP - PB - Springer Netherlands SN - 9781402083723 9781402083730 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8373-0 DB - Crossref ER - TY - BOOK TI - Engineering ethics and STS subcultures AU - Herkert, J.R. AB - Purpose – Mainstream science, technology, and society (STS) scholars have shown little interest in engineering ethics, one going so far as to label engineering ethics activists as “shit shovelers.” Detachment from engineering ethics on the part of most STS scholars is related to a broader and long-standing split between the scholar-oriented and activist-oriented wings of STS. This chapter discusses the various STS “subcultures” and argues that the much-maligned activist STS subculture is far more likely than the mainstream scholar subculture to have a significant impact on engineering ethics education and practice.Approach – The chapter builds on analyses of STS subcultures in research and education from the literature and identifies a similar set of subcultures for engineering ethics research and education.Findings – Reconciliation of the STS subcultures will tap an activist tradition that already has strong ties (practical, historical, and theoretical) to engineering ethics research and education. Acknowledging that STS and engineering ethics each have legitimate, activist-oriented subcultures will position STS scholars and educators for providing needed insights to engineering activists and the engineering profession as a whole. STSers should recognize and appreciate that many engineering ethicists and engineering activists are concerned both with issues internal to the profession and broader social implications of technology.Originality/value – The chapter presents an analysis of STS subcultures and their relationship to engineering ethics. As such, it will be of interest to STS scholars and engineering ethicists alike, as well as engineering ethics and STS educators. DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// DO - 10.1016/S0196-1152(08)16003-3 VL - 16 SE - 51-69 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-55249102745&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ecotoxicity of engineered nanoparticles to aquatic invertebrates: a brief review and recommendations for future toxicity testing AU - Baun, A. AU - Hartmann, N. B. AU - Grieger, K. AU - Kusk, K. O. T2 - Ecotoxicology DA - 2008/4/19/ PY - 2008/4/19/ DO - 10.1007/s10646-008-0208-y VL - 17 IS - 5 SP - 387-395 J2 - Ecotoxicology LA - en OP - SN - 0963-9292 1573-3017 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-008-0208-y DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Riots and Rebirth: The Role of Policy Sciences in Addressing Disparities in Healthcare AU - Brown, S.L. AU - Berry-James, R.M. T2 - Endarch: Journal of Black Political Research DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// VL - 2008 IS - 3 SP - 9–44 UR - http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/enda/vol2008/iss3/3 ER - TY - CONF TI - The Dynamics of Difference AU - Berry-James, R.M. AU - Ortega, R. AU - Marina, B. T2 - International Conference of Minority Public Administrators C2 - 2008/2/13/ CY - Hamilton, Bermuda DA - 2008/2/13/ PY - 2008/2/13/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Contemporary Issues facing the Minority Community AU - Berry-James, R.M. T2 - International Conference of Minority of Public Administrators C2 - 2008/2/13/ CY - Hamilton, Bermuda DA - 2008/2/13/ PY - 2008/2/13/ ER - TY - CONF TI - A Critique of the Association between COMPA and ASPA: Is it a Mutually Beneficial Partnership Committed to Improving the Quality of Life through Outstanding Public Service AU - Berry-James, R.M. AU - Massiah, M. AU - Murray, S. AU - Coleman, S. AU - Samuel, T. T2 - International Conference of Minority Public Administrators C2 - 2008/2/13/ CY - Hamilton, Bermuda DA - 2008/2/13/ PY - 2008/2/13/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - Successful Models of Recruiting, Graduating and Placing PhD Students AU - Berry-James, R.M. DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// ER - TY - SOUND TI - Cultural Competency in Juvenile Justice: Innovations in Cultural Brokering AU - Berry-James, R.M. DA - 2008/6/10/ PY - 2008/6/10/ M3 - Workshop ER - TY - SOUND TI - Cultural Competency as a Standard of Care for Women AU - Berry-James, R.M. DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// M3 - Plenary session PB - May ER - TY - SOUND TI - Cultural Competency: A Window of Opportunity for Tomorrows Leaders AU - Berry-James, R.M. DA - 2008/4/17/ PY - 2008/4/17/ ER - TY - CONF TI - S/he Who Learns, Teaches – Influencing Social Equity The Educational Opportunity Fund Professional Association of New Jersey AU - Berry-James, R.M. T2 - 38th Annual Spring Conference, Commission on Higher Education Student Leadership Conference and Graduate Awardee Luncheon C2 - 2008/3/16/ CY - Atlantic City, NJ DA - 2008/3/16/ PY - 2008/3/16/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - Cultural Competence in Juvenile Justice Systems AU - Berry-James, R.M. DA - 2008/1/22/ PY - 2008/1/22/ M3 - Workshop ER - TY - RPRT TI - Summit County (Ohio) Juvenile Court Disproportionate Minority Contact Assessment Report AU - Berry-James, R.M. A3 - Ohio Department of Youth Services DA - 2008/7// PY - 2008/7// M3 - Research Monograph PB - Ohio Department of Youth Services ER - TY - RPRT TI - Final Evaluation of Gate House Program (for Minorities Living with HIV/AIDS) – September 29, 2003 – September 30, 2007 AU - Berry-James, R.M. A3 - SAMHSA/Center for Substance Abuse Treatment/Community Health Center DA - 2008/2// PY - 2008/2// M3 - Research Monograph PB - SAMHSA/Center for Substance Abuse Treatment/Community Health Center ER - TY - CONF TI - Cultural Competence as a Standard of Care AU - Berry-James, R.M. T2 - Council on Healthy Mothers and Babies/Caring for 2 Conference on Improving Healthcare Services in a Diverse Community C2 - 2008/// CY - Columbus, OH DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/11/7/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Our Journey Towards Cultural Competence: Color Blind vs. Color Consciousness AU - Berry-James, R.M. AU - Bunner, N. AU - Elton, J. AU - Githiora, R. T2 - 14th Annual National Conference on Diversity, Race & Learning, “From ‘Excellence to Eminence’: Establishing an Academic & Community Diversity Legacy,” C2 - 2008/5/6/ CY - The Ohio State University DA - 2008/5/6/ PY - 2008/5/6/ ER - TY - CONF TI - You’re the Key to our Success. Keynote Speaker. Head Start Parent and Community Volunteer Recognition Dinner AU - Berry-James, R.M. T2 - Akron Summit Community Action, Inc C2 - 2008/5/5/ CY - Akron, OH DA - 2008/5/5/ PY - 2008/5/5/ ER - TY - CONF TI - The Essential KSA’s in Cultural Competence: Knowledge, Skills and Attitudes AU - Berry-James, R.M. T2 - American Society for Public Administration (ASPA) C2 - 2008/3/7/ CY - Dallas, TX DA - 2008/3/7/ PY - 2008/3/7/ ER - TY - CHAP TI - Functional Genomics of Stress Response in Extremophilic Archaea AU - Tachdjian, S. AU - Shockley, K.R. AU - Conners, S.B. AU - Kelly, R.M. T2 - Archaea: New Models for Prokaryotic Biology A2 - Blum, P. PY - 2008/// PB - Caister Academic Press SN - 9781904455271 9781910190982 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Globalization and Worker Displacement: Is There a Life After Converse? AU - Schulman, M. AU - Hossfeld, L. AU - McTague, T. AU - Charleston, D. AU - Stainback, K. T2 - The Impact of Globalization on the United States A2 - Bertho, M. A2 - Crawford, B. A2 - Fogarty, E. T3 - Praeger perspectives PY - 2008/// VL - 3 SP - 187–214 PB - Praeger SN - 9780275991814 9780275991821 9780275991838 9780275991845 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Services Delivery for Displaced Rural Workers: A North Carolina Case Study of the Theory and Reality of One Stop: A research brief AU - Hossfeld, L. AU - Charleston, D AU - Schulman, M. T2 - Sociation Today DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// VL - 6 IS - 2 UR - http://www.ncsociology.org/sociationtoday/v62/hossfeld.htm ER - TY - BOOK TI - Students' handbook for university entrance exam AU - Dubljevic, V. AU - Jovanovic, A. DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// ET - 2nd PB - Educons University Press ER - TY - RPRT TI - Climate Change and Sustainable Development: Workshop Report A3 - Center for Science Technology and Public Policy, University of Minnesota DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// M3 - Workshop Report PB - Center for Science Technology and Public Policy, University of Minnesota ER - TY - JOUR TI - How to interpret Habermas’ critique of "Justice as Fairness" AU - Dubljević, V. T2 - Pravni život DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// VL - 10 SP - 335–356 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Plan(t)s for Space Exploration AU - Brown, C.S. AU - Sederoff, H.W. AU - Davies, E. AU - Ferl, R.J. AU - Stankovic, B. T2 - Plant Tropisms AB - This chapter contains section titled: Introduction Human Missions to Space Life Support Genomics and Space Exploration Nanotechnology Sensors, Biosensors, and Intelligent Machines Plan(t)s for Space Exploration Imagine… Literature Cited PY - 2008/// DO - 10.1002/9780470388297.ch9 SP - 183-195 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84889307727&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nanoscale science and the science curriculum AU - Jones, M.G. T2 - ASTC Dimensions DA - 2008/1// PY - 2008/1// SP - 10 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Exploring nanoscale science with middle and high school students AU - Jones, M.G. T2 - Nanoscale science and engineering education A2 - Sweeney, A. A2 - Seal, S. T3 - Nanotechnology book series PY - 2008/// PB - American Scientific Publishers SN - 9781588830852 SV - 21 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Visualization Without Vision: Students with Visual AU - Jones, M.G. AU - Broadwell, B. T2 - Visualization: Theory and practice in science education A2 - Gilbert, J. A2 - Reiner, M. A2 - Nakhleh, M. T3 - Models and Modeling in Science Education PY - 2008/// DO - 10.1007/978-1-4020-5267-5_12 SP - 283–294 PB - Springer SN - 9781402052675 9781402052668 SV - 3 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bumpy, sticky, and shaky: Nanoscale science and the curriculum AU - Taylor, A. AU - Jones, M.G. AU - Pearl, T. T2 - Science Scope DA - 2008/3// PY - 2008/3// VL - 31 IS - 7 SP - 28–35 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Seed dispersal mutualisms with ants and patterns of plant diversity in western Australia AU - Dunn, Rob R. AU - Gove, A. AU - Majer, J.D. T2 - Fronteiras do conhecimento em Insetos Socais A2 - Vilela, E.F. A2 - Santos, I. A. A2 - Schoereder, J. H. A2 - Campos, L. A. O. A2 - Serrão, J. E. PY - 2008/// SP - 325–347 PB - Editora Universidade Federal de Vicosa ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ocelot Awareness among Latinos on the Texas and Tamaulipas Border AU - Nils Peterson, M. AU - Sternberg, Mitch AU - Lopez, Angelica AU - Liu, Jianguo T2 - Human Dimensions of Wildlife AB - Knowledge about wildlife represents a critical component of conservation. Although several variables (e.g., gender, education, length of residency) predict components of wildlife knowledge, previous research on the topic has rarely included multivariate analysis and has not focused on Latinos, the largest ethnic minority in the United States. We addressed this gap with a survey assessing the ability of residents on the Texas–Tamaulipas border to identify an ocelot. Few residents (13%, n = 402) could identify an ocelot. Males, those with higher education and income levels, longer-term residents, and residents owning rural and agricultural properties were most likely to identify ocelots correctly. These results suggest wildlife education and extension activities in borderland communities should target females, new residents, and residential property owners. Future research should address the extent these findings apply for Latino populations outside borderland contexts. DA - 2008/10/3/ PY - 2008/10/3/ DO - 10.1080/10871200802227414 VL - 13 IS - 5 SP - 339-347 J2 - Human Dimensions of Wildlife LA - en OP - SN - 1087-1209 1533-158X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10871200802227414 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Argument Has No Function AU - Goodwin, Jean T2 - Informal Logic AB - Douglas Walton has been right in calling us to attend to the pragmatics of argument. He has, however, also insisted that arguments should be understood and assessed by considering the functions they perform; and from this, I dissent. Argument has no determinable function in the sense Walton needs, and even if it did, that function would not ground norms for argumentative practice. As an alternative to a functional theory of argumentative pragmatics, I propose a design view, which draws attention to the way participants strategically undertake and impose norms on themselves in order for their arguments to have force. DA - 2008/2/28/ PY - 2008/2/28/ DO - 10.22329/il.v27i1.465 VL - 27 IS - 1 SP - 69 J2 - IL OP - SN - 0824-2577 0824-2577 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/il.v27i1.465 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Preserving Heritage and Nature During the “War on Terrorism”: The North Carolina Outlying Landing Field (“OLF”) Controversy AU - Zagacki, Kenneth S. T2 - Southern Communication Journal AB - This paper investigates a controversy between the U.S. Navy and rural North Carolinians in which Navy officials tried to procure local property for a Navy training facility or outlying landing field (“OLF”). Analysis suggests that locals who defined themselves as patriotic, common sense agents, and the scene as heritage, built a more credible connection to a patriotic American ethos than did the rhetoric of the Navy, which defined the OLF debate primarily as part of the war on terrorism. The locals' ultimate success reveals the rhetorical possibilities and limitations of war on terrorism and local heritage arguments, which both constrain local advocates and widen their access to oppositional voices. DA - 2008/10/21/ PY - 2008/10/21/ DO - 10.1080/10417940802418775 VL - 73 IS - 4 SP - 261-279 J2 - Southern Communication Journal LA - en OP - SN - 1041-794X 1930-3203 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10417940802418775 DB - Crossref ER - TY - BOOK TI - Theoretical and Biological Foundations of Plant Breeding AU - Holland, J.B. AB - This chapter contains section titled: Of what use is theory for plant breeding? Current understanding of the regulation of gene function Reconciling the biological basis of gene expression and quantitative genetics theory Reconciling quantitative genetics theory and biological knowledge of gene expression The paradox of interactions at molecular level and additivity at the phenotypic level Conclusions Acknowledgments DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// DO - 10.1002/9780470752708.ch9 SE - 127-140 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84889265588&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Quantitative trait loci and epistasis for crown freezing tolerance in the 'Kanota' x 'Ogle' hexaploid oat mapping population T2 - Crop Science AB - Crown freezing tolerance is the most important factor conferring oat ( Avena spp.) winter hardiness. The objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for crown freezing tolerance in the ‘Kanota’ × ‘Ogle’ recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping population and to examine their relationship with other winter hardiness traits. One hundred thirty‐five RILs were evaluated for crown freezing tolerance in a controlled environment. Previously published molecular marker and linkage map information was used for QTL detection. Seven QTL and four complementary epistatic interactions were identified that accounted for 56% of the phenotypic variation. Ogle contributed alleles for increased crown freezing tolerance at three loci, while Kanota contributed alleles for increased crown freezing tolerance at four loci. All loci where Kanota alleles increased crown freezing tolerance showed complementary epistasis for decreased crown freezing tolerance with the QTL near UMN13. Two of the major QTL identified were in the linkage groups (LG) associated with a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 7C and 17, which was previously associated with spring growth habit in oat. The results confirm the importance of the chromosomes involved in the reciprocal 7C‐17 translocation in controlling winter hardiness component traits. DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// DO - 10.2135/cropsci2006.12.0793 VL - 48 IS - 1 SP - 149-157 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-35348818142&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genetic design and statistical power of nested association mapping in maize AU - Yu, J. AU - Holland, J.B. AU - McMullen, M.D. AU - Buckler, E.S. T2 - Genetics AB - Abstract We investigated the genetic and statistical properties of the nested association mapping (NAM) design currently being implemented in maize (26 diverse founders and 5000 distinct immortal genotypes) to dissect the genetic basis of complex quantitative traits. The NAM design simultaneously exploits the advantages of both linkage analysis and association mapping. We demonstrated the power of NAM for high-power cost-effective genome scans through computer simulations based on empirical marker data and simulated traits with different complexities. With common-parent-specific (CPS) markers genotyped for the founders and the progenies, the inheritance of chromosome segments nested within two adjacent CPS markers was inferred through linkage. Genotyping the founders with additional high-density markers enabled the projection of genetic information, capturing linkage disequilibrium information, from founders to progenies. With 5000 genotypes, 30–79% of the simulated quantitative trait loci (QTL) were precisely identified. By integrating genetic design, natural diversity, and genomics technologies, this new complex trait dissection strategy should greatly facilitate endeavors to link molecular variation with phenotypic variation for various complex traits. DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// DO - 10.1534/genetics.107.074245 VL - 178 IS - 1 SP - 539-551 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-40849089396&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Climatic adaptation and ecological descriptors of 42 Mexican maize races T2 - Crop Science AB - To better understand the range of adaptation of maize ( Zea mays L.) landraces, climatic adaptation intervals of 42 Mexican maize races were determined. A database of 4161 maize accessions was used to characterize altitudinal and climatic conditions where the 42 maize races grow, yielding ecological descriptors for each race. Using the geographical coordinates of the collection sites of each accession, their climatic conditions were characterized using the geographic information system IDRISI and a national environmental information system. Analyses of variance and cluster analyses of the racial ecological descriptors were performed to determine possible environmental groupings of the races. We found a very high level of variation among and within Mexican maize races for climate adaptation and ecological descriptors. The general overall climatic ranges for maize were 0 to 2900 m of altitude, 11.3 to 26.6°C annual mean temperature, 12.0 to 29.1°C growing season mean temperature, 426 to 4245 mm annual rainfall, 400 to 3555 mm growing season rainfall, and 12.46 to 12.98 h mean growing season daylength. These climatic ranges of maize surpass those from its closest relative, teosinte ( Z. mays ssp. parviglumis Iltis and Doebley), indicating that maize has evolved adaptability beyond the environmental range in which ancestral maize was first domesticated. DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// DO - 10.2135/cropsci2007.09.0518 VL - 48 IS - 4 SP - 1502-1512 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-49149121288&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - A comparison of leaf appearance rates among teosinte, maize landraces and modern maize AU - Van Esbroeck, G.A. AU - Ruiz Corral, J.A. AU - Sanchez Gonzalez, J.J. AU - Holland, J.B. T2 - Maydica DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// VL - 53 IS - 2 SP - 117-123 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-57849127135&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - BOOK TI - Cultures of contamination: Legacies of pollution in Russia and the U.S AU - Kinsella, William J. AU - Edelstein, Michael R. AU - Tysiachniouk, Maria AU - Smirnova, Lyudmila V. DA - 2008/3// PY - 2008/3// DO - 10.1080/19409419.2008.10756712 VL - 1 PB - Informa UK Limited SE - 230–234 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19409419.2008.10756712 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Reply from David Berube, NCSU AU - Berube, David M. T2 - Journal of Nanoparticle Research DA - 2008/8/21/ PY - 2008/8/21/ DO - 10.1007/s11051-008-9443-7 VL - 10 IS - S1 SP - 265-266 J2 - J Nanopart Res LA - en OP - SN - 1388-0764 1572-896X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11051-008-9443-7 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Conceptual Representations of Flu and Microbial Illness Held by Students, Teachers, and Medical Professionals AU - Jones, M. Gail AU - Rua, Melissa J. T2 - School Science and Mathematics AB - This study describes 5 th, 8th, and 11th‐grade students', teachers', and medical professionals' conceptions of flu and microbial illness. Participants constructed a concept map on “flu” and participated in a semi‐structured interview. The results showed that these groups of students, teachers and medical professionals held and structured their conceptions about microbes differently. A progression toward more accurate and complete knowledge existed across the groups but this trajectory was not always a predictable, linear developmental path from novice to expert. Across the groups, participants were most knowledgeable about symptoms of microbial illness, treatments of symptoms, and routes of transmission for respiratory illnesses. This knowledge was tightly linked to participants' prior experiences with colds and flu. There were typically large gaps in participants' (children and teachers) understandings of vaccines, immune system responses, treatments (including the mechanisms of pain medications and the functions of antibiotics), and transmission of non‐respiratory microbial illness. A common misconception held by students was the belief that antibiotics can cure viral infections. DA - 2008/10// PY - 2008/10// DO - 10.1111/j.1949-8594.2008.tb17836.x VL - 108 IS - 6 SP - 263-278 LA - en OP - SN - 0036-6803 1949-8594 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1949-8594.2008.tb17836.x DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Occupational Rhinitis is Associated with Pesticide Exposure Among Commercial Pesticide Applicators in the Agricultural Health Study AU - Slager, R AU - Poole, J AU - Levan, T AU - Hoppin, J T2 - Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology AB - Workplace-induced occupational rhinitis is becoming increasingly important, but is often under-diagnosed. As pesticide exposures have previously been associated with respiratory tract symptoms, the aim of this study was to examine the association between pesticide exposures and rhinitis in routinely exposed workers. We analyzed data on current rhinitis and pesticide use among 2245 Iowa commercial pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study. At enrollment (1993-7), participants provided detailed information on current use of 40 pesticides as well as demographic, smoking and medical history and potential agricultural exposures. We developed a logistic regression model controlling for age, education status, and growing up on a farm to investigate self-reported current rhinitis (defined as at least one episode of rhinitis in the past year). 1664 workers (74%) reported at least one episode of rhinitis in the past year. Use of the following 7 pesticides in the past year (of 40 tested) was significantly associated with current rhinitis: 2,4-D (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.37, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.10, 1.65), glyphosate (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.09, 1.62), pendamethalin (OR = 1.28. 95% CI = 1.01, 1.61), petroleum oil (OR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.27, 2.46), diazinon (OR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.25, 2.80), benomyl (OR = 2.37, 95% CI = 1.12, 5.03), and aluminum phosphide (OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.01, 2.60). Exclusion of asthmatics did not alter these results. Exposure to specific pesticides may increase the risk of occupational rhinitis. DA - 2008/2// PY - 2008/2// DO - 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.12.926 VL - 121 IS - 2 SP - S234-S234 J2 - Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology LA - en OP - SN - 0091-6749 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2007.12.926 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Aromatic Amine Pesticide Use And Human Cancer Risk: Results From The U.S. Agricultural Health Study AU - Koutros, S AU - Lynch, C.F. AU - Ma, X. AU - Lee, W.J. AU - Hoppin, J.A. AU - Christensen, C.H. AU - Andreotti, G. AU - Freeman, L Beane AU - Rusiecki, J.A. AU - Hou, L. AU - Sandler, D.P. AU - Alavanja, MCR T2 - Annals of Epidemiology DA - 2008/9// PY - 2008/9// DO - 10.1016/j.annepidem.2008.08.043 VL - 18 IS - 9 SP - 720 J2 - Annals of Epidemiology LA - en OP - SN - 1047-2797 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2008.08.043 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Teen workers' exposures to occupational hazards and use of personal protective equipment AU - Runyan, Carol W. AU - Vladutiu, Catherine J. AU - Rauscher, Kimberly J. AU - Schulman, Michael T2 - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AB - Abstract Background Prior research indicates that working adolescents seek care for the toxic effects of on‐the‐job chemical and environmental hazard exposures. Methods This cross‐sectional survey of a nationally representative sample of 866 adolescent workers in the retail and service sector examines their exposures, personal protective equipment (PPE) use, and training. Results Two‐thirds of respondents were exposed to continuous, very loud noise, 55% to thermal hazards and 54% to chemical hazards. Few teens reported using any PPE, though those who had been trained reported somewhat higher usage. Conclusions Teens working in the retail and service sectors experience a variety of chemical, thermal, biologic and noise exposures. Efforts to eradicate such exposures need to be complemented by increased provision of PPE and appropriate training in their use by employers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 51:735–740, 2008. Published 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. DA - 2008/10// PY - 2008/10// DO - 10.1002/ajim.20624 VL - 51 IS - 10 SP - 735-740 J2 - Am. J. Ind. Med. LA - en OP - SN - 0271-3586 1097-0274 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.20624 DB - Crossref KW - adolescent KW - workers KW - occupational KW - protective equipment KW - noise KW - burn hazard KW - chemical hazard KW - training ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluating Household-Level Relationships between Environmental Views and Outdoor Recreation: The Teton Valley Case AU - Peterson, M. Nils AU - Hull, Vanessa AU - Mertig, Angela G. AU - Liu, Jianguo T2 - Leisure Sciences AB - Outdoor recreation may foster positive environmental views among participants and their nonparticipating household members, but little research has addressed this hypothesis at the household level. We address this gap with a case study evaluating both the individual-and household-level relationship between outdoor recreation and environmental views using the new ecological paradigm scale (NEP). Results suggest NEP relates positively to appreciative outdoor recreation participation and negatively to nonappreciative outdoor recreation participation for participants and their household members. Future research should focus on how household dynamics mediate the relationship between environmental views and outdoor recreation. DA - 2008/7// PY - 2008/7// DO - 10.1080/01490400802165073 VL - 30 IS - 4 SP - 293-305 J2 - Leisure Sciences LA - en OP - SN - 0149-0400 1521-0588 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01490400802165073 DB - Crossref KW - attitudes KW - ATV KW - environmentalism KW - environmental view KW - hunting KW - Idaho KW - NEP KW - outdoor recreation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Property rights and landscape planning in the intermountain west: The Teton Valley case AU - Peterson, M. Nils AU - Liu, Jianguo T2 - Landscape and Urban Planning AB - Non-participation in landscape planning presents a formidable challenge to sustainable development. We hypothesize that even when people hold negative attitudes toward unplanned development, natural property rights values (favorable evaluations of property as an inviolable and pre-political right) prevent them from acting on their concerns. We chose an intermountain west community as a case study to evaluate our hypothesis regarding natural property rights values. All groups were equally and strongly opposed to continuation of rapid unplanned growth, but those with natural property rights values were also adamantly opposed to land use planning. We used a multiple logistic regression model to evaluate the relationship between support for landscape planning and a natural property rights values. An overall significance test of the regression equation indicated the independent variables were significantly predictive of the dependent variable (χ2 128, 8 d.f., p < 0.001) and had high (88.7%) predictive capacity. Natural property rights value was the most important predictor variable, but income was also significant. Sustainable landscape planning requires uncoupling property rights from inviolable and pre-political natural rights. Our results suggest a conversation focused on themes associated with loss of local culture, hypocrisy of building practices, and market control over development could facilitate the aforementioned uncoupling and development planning that promotes both security for land owners and public welfare. DA - 2008/5// PY - 2008/5// DO - 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2008.01.003 VL - 86 IS - 2 SP - 126-133 J2 - Landscape and Urban Planning LA - en OP - SN - 0169-2046 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2008.01.003 DB - Crossref KW - attitudes KW - citizenship KW - conflict KW - democracy KW - politics KW - sustainable development KW - values ER - TY - JOUR TI - Safety Nets or Trampolines? Federal Crop Insurance, Disaster Assistance, and the Farm Bill AU - Goodwin, Barry K. AU - Rejesus, Roderick M. T2 - Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics AB - We review the implications of the 2007 Farm Bill for the risk management dimensions of U.S. agriculture and policy. Legislative proposals suggest significant changes in risk management policy, including the introduction of state or national revenue insurance. We also pursue an empirical analysis of the interrelationships of crop insurance, disaster relief, and farm profitability. We find an inverse relationship between disaster assistance and insurance purchases. Our analysis also suggests that farmers that buy insurance and that receive disaster payments tend to have higher returns to farming. DA - 2008/8// PY - 2008/8// DO - 10.1017/S1074070800023713 VL - 40 IS - 2 SP - 415-429 J2 - J. Agric. Appl. Econ. LA - en OP - SN - 1074-0708 2056-7405 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1074070800023713 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Preference for Risk Management Information Sources: Implications for Extension and Outreach Programming AU - Rejesus, Roderick M. AU - Knight, Thomas O. AU - Jaramillo, Mauricio AU - Coble, Keith H. AU - Patrick, George F. AU - Baquet, Alan T2 - Agricultural and Resource Economics Review AB - This article examines farmers’ preferences for various risk management information sources. Our results suggest that information from risk management experts, in-depth materials studied on their own, and popular press outlets tend to be preferred and are ranked highly by producers. Using a regression model to investigate farmer/farm attributes that affect preference for a particular risk management information source, we find that younger farmers with college education, higher leverage, assets greater than $1 million, risk-loving attitudes, and who have used professional services (marketing consultants) tend to prefer information from risk management experts, the Internet, and marketing clubs/other producers. On the other hand, producers who prefer self-study of educational materials and popular press information sources tend to be younger, with lower leverage levels, and have used fewer professional services. DA - 2008/4// PY - 2008/4// DO - 10.1017/S1068280500002185 VL - 37 IS - 1 SP - 106-116 J2 - Agric. resour. econ. rev. LA - en OP - SN - 1068-2805 2372-2614 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1068280500002185 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Empirically Evaluating the Flexibility of the Johnson Family of Distributions: A Crop Insurance Application AU - Lu, Yue AU - Ramirez, Octavio A. AU - Rejesus, Roderick M. AU - Knight, Thomas O. AU - Sherrick, Bruce J. T2 - Agricultural and Resource Economics Review AB - This article examines the flexibility of the Johnson system of distributions by assessing its performance in terms of modeling crop yields for the purpose of setting actuarially fair crop insurance premiums. Using data from corn farms in Illinois coupled with Monte Carlo simulation procedures, we found that average crop insurance premiums computed on the basis of the Johnson system provide reasonably accurate estimates even when the data are normal or come from a non-normal distribution other than the Johnson system (i.e., a beta). These results suggest that there is potential for using the Johnson system to rate previously uninsured crops that do not have historical insurance performance data upon which to base premium calculations. DA - 2008/4// PY - 2008/4// DO - 10.1017/S1068280500002161 VL - 37 IS - 1 SP - 79-91 J2 - Agric. resour. econ. rev. LA - en OP - SN - 1068-2805 2372-2614 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1068280500002161 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Narratives, Rhetorical Genres, and Environmental Conflict: Responses to Schwarze's “Environmental Melodrama” AU - Kinsella, William J. AU - Bsumek, Peter K. AU - Walker, Gregg B. AU - Kinsella, William J. AU - Check, Terence AU - Rai Peterson, Tarla AU - Schwarze, Steve T2 - Environmental Communication AB - The appearance of Steven Schwarze's essay, “Environmental Melodrama” (Schwarze, 2006) as the lead article in a recent issue of The Quarterly Journal of Speech marks an important moment of recognition for environmental communication scholarship. Schwarze's essay demonstrates how studies of environmental rhetoric can contribute to rhetorical theory more generally, while addressing practical questions regarding the rhetorical aspects of environmental conflict. The contributors to this forum respond to Schwarze's arguments, drawing in part upon their own case studies of rhetorical action and narrative in environmental conflict. DA - 2008/3// PY - 2008/3// DO - 10.1080/17524030801980242 VL - 2 IS - 1 SP - 78-109 J2 - Environmental Communication LA - en OP - SN - 1752-4032 1752-4040 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17524030801980242 DB - Crossref KW - Climate Change KW - Comedy KW - Conflict KW - Crisis KW - Kairos KW - Identification KW - Irony KW - Kenneth Burke KW - Melodrama KW - Rhetoric ER - TY - JOUR TI - 2 DETECTION OF ANTISENSE TO Igf2r (AIR) RNA IN CATTLE AU - Farmer, W. T. AU - Farin, P. W. AU - Bischoff, S. R. AU - Alexander, J. E. AU - Piedrahita, J. A. AU - Farin, C. E. T2 - Reproduction, Fertility and Development AB - The insulin-like growth factor type 2 receptor (Igf2r) regulates fetal growth by removing Igf2 from circulation, thus preventing overgrowth. In mice, expression of the Igf2r gene is imprinted only after implantation and is associated with expression of the antisense non-coding (nc)RNA, Air. In contrast, the human IGF2R gene is not imprinted and AIR ncRNA does not exist. Because it is known that the Igf2r gene is imprinted in cattle, the objectives of this study were to determine if Air ncRNA exists in cattle and, if so, whether bovine Air (bAir) is expressed during both pre- and post-implantation development. For objective 1, primer sets were designed for bAir based on bovine genomic sequence. The primer set, bAir3, was used to amplify a region of bAir corresponding to an antisense segment within intron 1 of Igf2r. Primer set bAir4 amplified a segment of bAir ncRNA corresponding to an antisense region upstream of the 52-untranslated region of Igf2r. Pools of whole-cell RNA were extracted from bovine fetal liver and subjected to DNase treatment, reverse transcription (RT), and PCR. Control RT reactions included RT without superscript and RT without superscript or DNase. Controls confirmed that amplification products resulted from RNA present in the sample and not from genomic DNA contamination. Amplicons were obtained for both the bAir3 and the bAir4 primer sets and were sequence verified, demonstrating that bAir ncRNA does exist in cattle. For objective 2, conceptuses (n = 4; mean � SEM length: 2.8 � 0.3 mm) derived from transfer of frozen-thawed in vivo-produced blastocysts were recovered from cows on Day 15 of gestation and snap-frozen for RNA extraction. Samples of liver from in vivo-produced bovine fetuses recovered at Day 70 of gestation (n = 7) were snap-frozen for RNA extraction. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR assays were performed to assess levels of mRNA for Igf2r and H2a, as well as ncRNA for bAir. All conceptus and fetal liver cDNA samples were run in duplicate within the same assay. Relative RNA expression was calculated as the ratio of band intensities of the RNA of interest to that of H2a. Data for relative RNA expression were analyzed by Student's t-test. H2a and Igf2r mRNAs were expressed in all Day 70 fetal liver and Day 15 conceptus samples. Relative levels of Igf2r did not differ (P = 0.19) with stage of development (0.15 � 0.09 v. 0.36 � 0.12 for Day 70 v. Day 15). bAir ncRNA was expressed in 7 of 7 samples of Day 70 fetal liver, whereas only 1 of 4 conceptuses expressed a faint bAir ncRNA signal based on either the bAir3 or bAir4 primer sets (χ2 = 7.23, P < 0.01). Relative levels of bAir ncRNA were greater (P < 0.001) in Day 70 fetal liver compared to those in Day 15 conceptuses for amplicons bAir3 (0.376 � 0.039 v. 0.028 � 0.051) and bAir4 (0.101 � 0.008 v. 0.003 � 0.010). In conclusion, the antisense ncRNA, Air, does exist in cattle and its relative expression is greatest following implantation. These observations are consistent with murine data and suggest that bAir may be involved in regulating imprinted expression of Igf2r in cattle. DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// DO - 10.1071/RDv20n1Ab2 VL - 20 IS - 1 SP - 81 J2 - Reprod. Fertil. Dev. LA - en OP - SN - 1031-3613 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/RDv20n1Ab2 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - 262: Molecular signatures of preeclampsia in human term placentas AU - Tsai, Shengdar AU - Hardison, Nicholas AU - Bischoff, Steve AU - Thames, Betty AU - Jamessd, Andra AU - Motsinger-Reif, Alison AU - Piedrahita, Jorge T2 - American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology DA - 2008/12// PY - 2008/12// DO - 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.09.290 VL - 199 IS - 6 SP - S84 J2 - American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology LA - en OP - SN - 0002-9378 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2008.09.290 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Simultaneous effects of food limitation and inducible resistance on herbivore population dynamics AU - Abbott, Karen C. AU - Morris, William F. AU - Gross, Kevin T2 - Theoretical Population Biology AB - Many herbivore populations fluctuate temporally, but the causes of those fluctuations remain unclear. Plant inducible resistance can theoretically cause herbivore population fluctuations, because herbivory may induce plant changes that reduce the survival or reproduction of later-feeding herbivores. Herbivory can also simply reduce the quantity of food available for later feeders and this, too, can cause population fluctuations. Inducible resistance and food limitation often occur simultaneously, yet whether they jointly facilitate or suppress herbivore fluctuations remains largely unexplored. We present models that suggest that food limitation and inducible resistance may have synergistic effects on herbivore population dynamics. The population-level response of the food plant to herbivory and the details of how inducible resistance affects herbivore performance both influence the resulting herbivore dynamics. Our results identify some biological properties of plant–herbivore systems that might determine whether or not cycles occur, and suggest that future empirical and theoretical population dynamics studies should account for the effects of both food limitation and inducible resistance. DA - 2008/2// PY - 2008/2// DO - 10.1016/j.tpb.2007.09.006 VL - 73 IS - 1 SP - 63-78 J2 - Theoretical Population Biology LA - en OP - SN - 0040-5809 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2007.09.006 DB - Crossref KW - population cycles KW - insect outbreak KW - plant-herbivore model KW - inducible resistance KW - food limitation KW - difference equation model ER - TY - JOUR TI - Applying Target Costing in the Development of Marketable and Environmentally Friendly Products from Swine Waste AU - Chen, Yuang-Sung Al AU - Zuckerman, Gilroy J. AU - Zering, Kelly T2 - The Engineering Economist AB - Management of swine waste generated in the United States is a challenging problem facing engineers, farmers, scientists, regulators, and policy-makers. Technologies for processing and storing swine waste have not been fully developed and refined in a manner acceptable to the public and environmental regulators. The primary concerns with improperly disposed swine waste are the effects on human and livestock health, surface and groundwater quality, air quality, and conservation of nitrogen fertilizers (Hagenstein 2003 Hagenstein, P. R. 2003. Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations: Current Knowledge, Future Needs, Washington, D. C.: National Research Council, National Academy Press. [Google Scholar]). The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the concept of target costing by applying it to a very specific example: the production of biomethanol from swine manure. This study summarizes the analyses that outline a design and calculate a preliminary cost estimate for a proposed system for producing biomethanol from swine manure (initial process). In this study the target costing process is demonstrated with calculation of a target cost. This article also demonstrates an application of value engineering as a systematic, interdisciplinary examination of factors affecting the cost of a product so as to find means to fulfill the product's specified purpose at the required standards of quality and reliability and at an acceptable cost. The article is organized as follows. First, the purpose of applying target costing methodology to the development of marketable by-products from swine manure is outlined. Next, target cost is calculated for biomethanol made from swine manure based on current methanol prices and currently available subsidies for biomethanol made from swine manure. A system for producing biomethanol from swine manure is described. The current cost is calculated for producing biomethanol. Concepts of value engineering are employed to reduce a significant cost component of the initial process resulting in Process II. Finally, value engineering is employed the second time to further reduce the cost of Process II yielding Process III. DA - 2008/5/27/ PY - 2008/5/27/ DO - 10.1080/00137910802071866 VL - 53 IS - 2 SP - 156-170 J2 - The Engineering Economist LA - en OP - SN - 0013-791X 1547-2701 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00137910802071866 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Analysis of transcriptome data in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum AU - Park, Yoonseong AU - Aikins, Jamie AU - Wang, L.J. AU - Beeman, Richard W. AU - Oppert, Brenda AU - Lord, Jeffrey C. AU - Brown, Susan J. AU - Lorenzen, Marcé D. AU - Richards, Stephen AU - Weinstock, George M. AU - Gibbs, Richard A. T2 - Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology AB - The whole genome sequence of Tribolium castaneum, a worldwide coleopteran pest of stored products, has recently been determined. In order to facilitate accurate annotation and detailed functional analysis of this genome, we have compiled and analyzed all available expressed sequence tag (EST) data. The raw data consist of 61,228 ESTs, including 10,704 obtained from NCBI and an additional 50,524 derived from 32,544 clones generated in our laboratories. These sequences were amassed from cDNA libraries representing six different tissues or stages, namely: whole embryos, whole larvae, larval hindguts and Malpighian tubules, larval fat bodies and carcasses, adult ovaries, and adult heads. Assembly of the 61,228 sequences collapsed into 12,269 clusters (groups of overlapping ESTs representing single genes), of which 10,134 mapped onto 6,463 (39%) of the 16,422 GLEAN gene models (i.e. official Tribolium gene list). Approximately 1,600 clusters (13% of the total) lack corresponding GLEAN models, despite high matches to the genome, suggesting that a considerable number of transcribed sequences were missed by the gene prediction programs or were removed by GLEAN. We conservatively estimate that the current EST set represents more than 7,500 transcription units. DA - 2008/4// PY - 2008/4// DO - 10.1016/j.ibmb.2007.09.008 VL - 38 IS - 4 SP - 380-386 J2 - Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology LA - en OP - SN - 0965-1748 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibmb.2007.09.008 DB - Crossref KW - Coleoptera KW - EST KW - GLEAN KW - gene model ER - TY - JOUR TI - Analysis of repetitive DNA distribution patterns in the Tribolium castaneum genome AU - Wang, Suzhi AU - Lorenzen, Marce D AU - Beeman, Richard W AU - Brown, Susan J T2 - Genome Biology AB - Insect genomes vary widely in size, a large fraction of which is often devoted to repetitive DNA. Re-association kinetics indicate that up to 42% of the genome of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, is repetitive. Analysis of the abundance and distribution of repetitive DNA in the recently sequenced genome of T. castaneum is important for understanding the structure and function of its genome.Using TRF, TEpipe and RepeatScout we found that approximately 30% of the T. castaneum assembled genome is composed of repetitive DNA. Of this, 17% is found in tandem arrays and the remaining 83% is dispersed, including transposable elements, which in themselves constitute 5-6% of the genome. RepeatScout identified 31 highly repetitive DNA elements with repeat units longer than 100 bp, which constitute 7% of the genome; 65% of these highly repetitive elements and 74% of transposable elements accumulate in regions representing 40% of the assembled genome that is anchored to chromosomes. These regions tend to occur near one end of each chromosome, similar to previously described blocks of pericentric heterochromatin. They contain fewer genes with longer introns, and often correspond with regions of low recombination in the genetic map.Our study found that transposable elements and other repetitive DNA accumulate in certain regions in the assembled T. castaneum genome. Several lines of evidence suggest these regions are derived from the large blocks of pericentric heterochromatin in T. castaneum chromosomes. DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// DO - 10.1186/gb-2008-9-3-r61 VL - 9 IS - 3 SP - R61 J2 - Genome Biol LA - en OP - SN - 1465-6906 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/gb-2008-9-3-r61 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - The genome of the model beetle and pest Tribolium castaneum AU - Richards, Stephen AU - Gibbs, Richard A. AU - Weinstock, George M. AU - Brown, Susan J. AU - Denell, Robin AU - Beeman, Richard W. AU - Bucher, Gregor AU - Friedrich, Markus AU - Grimmelikhuijzen, Cornelis J. P. AU - Klingler, Martin AU - Lorenzen, Marce AU - Roth, Siegfried AU - Schröder, Reinhard AU - Tautz, Diethard AU - Zdobnov, Evgeny M. AU - Muzny, Donna AU - Attaway, Tony AU - Bell, Stephanie AU - Buhay, Christian J. AU - Chandrabose, Mimi N. AU - Chavez, Dean AU - Clerk-Blankenburg, Kerstin P. AU - Cree, Andrew AU - Dao, Marvin AU - Davis, Clay AU - Chacko, Joseph AU - Dinh, Huyen AU - Dugan-Rocha, Shannon AU - Fowler, Gerald AU - Garner, Toni T. AU - Garnes, Jeffrey AU - Gnirke, Andreas AU - Hawes, Alica AU - Hernandez, Judith AU - Hines, Sandra AU - Holder, Michael AU - Hume, Jennifer AU - Jhangiani, Shalini N. AU - Joshi, Vandita AU - Khan, Ziad Mohid AU - Jackson, LaRonda AU - Kovar, Christie AU - Kowis, Andrea AU - Lee, Sandra AU - Lewis, Lora R. AU - Margolis, Jon AU - Morgan, Margaret AU - Nazareth, Lynne V. AU - Nguyen, Ngoc AU - Okwuonu, Geoffrey AU - Parker, David AU - Ruiz, San-Juana AU - Santibanez, Jireh AU - Savard, Joël AU - Scherer, Steven E. AU - Schneider, Brian AU - Sodergren, Erica AU - Vattahil, Selina AU - Villasana, Donna AU - White, Courtney S. AU - Wright, Rita AU - Park, Yoonseong AU - Lord, Jeff AU - Oppert, Brenda AU - Wang, Liangjiang AU - Liu, Yue AU - Worley, Kim AU - Elsik, Christine G. AU - Reese, Justin T. AU - Elhaik, Eran AU - Landan, Giddy AU - Graur, Dan AU - Arensburger, Peter AU - Atkinson, Peter AU - Beidler, Jim AU - Demuth, Jeffery P. AU - Drury, Douglas W. AU - Du, Yu-Zhou AU - Fujiwara, Haruhiko AU - Maselli, Vincenza AU - Osanai, Mizuko AU - Robertson, Hugh M. AU - Tu, Zhijian AU - Wang, Jian-jun AU - Wang, Suzhi AU - Song, Henry AU - Zhang, Lan AU - Werner, Doreen AU - Stanke, Mario AU - Morgenstern, Burkhard AU - Solovyev, Victor AU - Kosarev, Peter AU - Brown, Garth AU - Chen, Hsiu-Chuan AU - Ermolaeva, Olga AU - Hlavina, Wratko AU - Kapustin, Yuri AU - Kiryutin, Boris AU - Kitts, Paul AU - Maglott, Donna AU - Pruitt, Kim AU - Sapojnikov, Victor AU - Souvorov, Alexandre AU - Mackey, Aaron J. AU - Waterhouse, Robert M. AU - Wyder, Stefan AU - Kriventseva, Evgenia V. AU - Kadowaki, Tatsuhiko AU - Bork, Peer AU - Aranda, Manuel AU - Bao, Riyue AU - Beermann, Anke AU - Berns, Nicola AU - Bolognesi, Renata AU - Bonneton, François AU - Bopp, Daniel AU - Butts, Thomas AU - Chaumot, Arnaud AU - Ferrier, David E. K. AU - Gordon, Cassondra M. AU - Jindra, Marek AU - Lan, Que AU - Lattorff, H. Michael G. AU - Laudet, Vincent AU - von Levetsow, Cornelia AU - Liu, Zhenyi AU - Lutz, Rebekka AU - Lynch, Jeremy A. AU - da Fonseca, Rodrigo Nunes AU - Posnien, Nico AU - Reuter, Rolf AU - Schinko, Johannes B. AU - Schmitt, Christian AU - Schoppmeier, Michael AU - Shippy, Teresa D. AU - Simonnet, Franck AU - Marques-Souza, Henrique AU - Tomoyasu, Yoshinori AU - Trauner, Jochen AU - Van der Zee, Maurijn AU - Vervoort, Michel AU - Wittkopp, Nadine AU - Wimmer, Ernst A. AU - Yang, Xiaoyun AU - Jones, Andrew K. AU - Sattelle, David B. AU - Ebert, Paul R. AU - Nelson, David AU - Scott, Jeffrey G. AU - Muthukrishnan, Subbaratnam AU - Kramer, Karl J. AU - Arakane, Yasuyuki AU - Zhu, Qingsong AU - Hogenkamp, David AU - Dixit, Radhika AU - Jiang, Haobo AU - Zou, Zhen AU - Marshall, Jeremy AU - Elpidina, Elena AU - Vinokurov, Konstantin AU - Oppert, Cris AU - Evans, Jay AU - Lu, Zhiqiang AU - Zhao, Picheng AU - Sumathipala, Niranji AU - Altincicek, Boran AU - Vilcinskas, Andreas AU - Williams, Michael AU - Hultmark, Dan AU - Hetru, Charles AU - Hauser, Frank AU - Cazzamali, Giuseppe AU - Williamson, Michael AU - Li, Bin AU - Tanaka, Yoshiaki AU - Predel, Reinhard AU - Neupert, Susanne AU - Schachtner, Joachim AU - Verleyen, Peter AU - Raible, Florian AU - Walden, Kimberly K. O. AU - Angeli, Sergio AU - Forêt, Sylvain AU - Schuetz, Stefan AU - Maleszka, Ryszard AU - Miller, Sherry C. AU - Grossmann, Daniela T2 - Nature AB - Tribolium castaneum is a member of the most species-rich eukaryotic order, a powerful model organism for the study of generalized insect development, and an important pest of stored agricultural products. We describe its genome sequence here. This omnivorous beetle has evolved the ability to interact with a diverse chemical environment, as shown by large expansions in odorant and gustatory receptors, as well as P450 and other detoxification enzymes. Development in Tribolium is more representative of other insects than is Drosophila, a fact reflected in gene content and function. For example, Tribolium has retained more ancestral genes involved in cell-cell communication than Drosophila, some being expressed in the growth zone crucial for axial elongation in short-germ development. Systemic RNA interference in T. castaneum functions differently from that in Caenorhabditis elegans, but nevertheless offers similar power for the elucidation of gene function and identification of targets for selective insect control. DA - 2008/3/23/ PY - 2008/3/23/ DO - 10.1038/nature06784 VL - 452 IS - 7190 SP - 949–955 SN - 0028-0836 1476-4687 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature06784 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The maternal-effect, selfish genetic element Medea is associated with a composite Tc1 transposon AU - Lorenzen, M. D. AU - Gnirke, A. AU - Margolis, J. AU - Garnes, J. AU - Campbell, M. AU - Stuart, J. J. AU - Aggarwal, R. AU - Richards, S. AU - Park, Y. AU - Beeman, R. W. T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences AB - Maternal-Effect Dominant Embryonic Arrest ("Medea") factors are selfish nuclear elements that combine maternal-lethal and zygotic-rescue activities to gain a postzygotic survival advantage. We show that Medea(1) activity in Tribolium castaneum is associated with a composite Tc1 transposon inserted just downstream of the neurotransmitter reuptake symporter bloated tubules (blot), whose Drosophila ortholog has both maternal and zygotic functions. The 21.5-kb insertion contains defective copies of elongation initiation factor-3, ATP synthase subunit C, and an RNaseD-related gene, as well as a potentially intact copy of a prokaryotic DUF1703 gene. Sequence comparisons suggest that the current distribution of Medea(1) reflects global emanation after a single transpositional event in recent evolutionary time. The Medea system in Tribolium represents an unusual type of intragenomic conflict and could provide a useful vehicle for driving desirable genes into populations. DA - 2008/7/11/ PY - 2008/7/11/ DO - 10.1073/pnas.0800444105 VL - 105 IS - 29 SP - 10085-10089 J2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences LA - en OP - SN - 0027-8424 1091-6490 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0800444105 DB - Crossref KW - postzygotic KW - selfish gene KW - Tribolium KW - gene driver ER - TY - JOUR TI - Tubulin superfamily genes in Tribolium castaneum and the use of a Tubulin promoter to drive transgene expression AU - Siebert, Kendra S. AU - Lorenzen, Marcé D. AU - Brown, Susan J. AU - Park, Yoonseong AU - Beeman, Richard W. T2 - Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology AB - The use of native promoters to drive transgene expression has facilitated overexpression studies in Drosophila and other insects. We identified 12 Tubulin family members from the genome sequence of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, and used the promoter from one of these to drive constitutive expression of a transgene. The activity of the T. castaneum α-Tubulin1 (TcαTub1) putative promoter was pre-tested in conjunction with an eye-color gene, T. castaneum vermilion (Tcv), by transient expression in Tcv-deficient embryos. Such embryos showed complete rescue of larval eyespot pigmentation. We also examined the TcαTub1 expression pattern in germline transformants using the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reporter. Beetles transformed with this piggyBac-based reporter ubiquitously expressed EGFP at all stages. DA - 2008/8// PY - 2008/8// DO - 10.1016/j.ibmb.2008.04.007 VL - 38 IS - 8 SP - 749-755 J2 - Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology LA - en OP - SN - 0965-1748 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibmb.2008.04.007 DB - Crossref KW - Tribolium KW - Tubulin KW - promoter KW - PiggyBac KW - EGFP KW - vermilion KW - transgene ER - TY - JOUR TI - A Soluble Form of the Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) Glycoprotein GN (GN-S) Inhibits Transmission of TSWV by Frankliniella occidentalis AU - Whitfield, A. E. AU - Kumar, N. K. K. AU - Rotenberg, D. AU - Ullman, D. E. AU - Wyman, E. A. AU - Zietlow, C. AU - Willis, D. K. AU - German, T. L. T2 - Phytopathology AB - Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is an economically important virus that is transmitted in a persistent propagative manner by its thrips vector, Frankliniella occidentalis. Previously, we found that a soluble form of the envelope glycoprotein G N (G N -S) specifically bound thrips midguts and reduced the amount of detectable virus inside midgut tissues. The aim of this research was to (i) determine if G N -S alters TSWV transmission by thrips and, if so, (ii) determine the duration of this effect. In one study, insects were given an acquisition access period (AAP) with G N -S mixed with purified virus and individual insects were assayed for transmission. We found that G N -S reduced the percent of transmitting adults by eightfold. In a second study, thrips were given an AAP on G N -S protein and then placed on TSWV-infected plant material. Individual insects were assayed for transmission over three time intervals of 2 to 3, 4 to 5, and 6 to 7 days post-adult eclosion. We observed a significant reduction in virus transmission that persisted to the same degree throughout the time course. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis of virus titer in individual insects revealed that the proportion of thrips infected with virus was reduced threefold when insects were preexposed to the G N -S protein as compared to no exposure to protein, and nontransmitters were not infected with virus. These results demonstrate that thrips transmission of a tospovirus can be reduced by exogenous viral glycoprotein. DA - 2008/1// PY - 2008/1// DO - 10.1094/phyto-98-1-0045 VL - 98 IS - 1 SP - 45–50 SN - 0031-949X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-98-1-0045 KW - bunyaviridae KW - plant virology KW - Thysanoptera KW - virus entry KW - virus-vector interactions KW - western flower thrips ER - TY - JOUR TI - Interspecific Competition Between Larval Culex restuans Theobald and Culex pipiens L.(Diptera: Culicidae) in Michigan AU - Reiskind, Michael H. AU - Wilson, Mark L. T2 - Journal of Medical Entomology AB - Many invasive species succeed in becoming established in new locations because of their competitive superiority to native species. This has been shown in several examples involving mosquitoes. In this study, we examined the interspecific competition between mosquito larvae of a well-established, non-native species, Culex pipiens, and those of its ecologically similar, native congener Culex restuans. Small but significant differences in survival, growth, and development rates were found in Cx. restuans as a response to varying proportions of Cx. pipiens, suggesting that Cx. restuans is a slightly superior competitor. However, the overall differences between the species were small, and they may be nearly ecological equivalents as larvae. Nevertheless, the observed seasonal pattern of feeding and oviposition activity suggests some phenological avoidance of competition, thus demanding further study of the interaction of these two species. DA - 2008/1/1/ PY - 2008/1/1/ DO - 10.1603/0022-2585(2008)45[20:icblcr]2.0.co;2 VL - 45 IS - 1 SP - 20-27 J2 - me LA - en OP - SN - 0022-2585 0022-2585 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0022-2585(2008)45[20:icblcr]2.0.co;2 DB - Crossref KW - phenology KW - invasion biology KW - West Nile virus KW - ecological equivalence KW - larval competition ER - TY - JOUR TI - Susceptibility of Florida Mosquitoes to Infection with Chikungunya Virus AU - Reiskind, Michael H. AU - Westbrook, Catherine J. AU - Pesko, Kendra AU - Mores, Christopher N. T2 - The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene AB - Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has caused recent, large epidemics on islands in the Indian Ocean, raising the possibility of more widespread CHIKV epidemics. Historically, CHIKV has been vectored by Aedes aegypti, but these outbreaks likely also involved Ae. albopictus. To examine the potential for an outbreak of CHIKV in Florida, we determined the susceptibility to CHIKV of F1 Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus from Florida. In addition, we also evaluated two well-characterized laboratory strains (Rockefeller and Lake Charles) of these species. We determined infection and dissemination rates as well as total body titer of mosquitoes 7 days post-exposure (pe) (Ae. albopictus) and 3, 7, and 10 days pe (Ae. aegypti). All mosquito strains were susceptible to both infection and dissemination, with some variation between strains. Our results suggest Florida would be vulnerable to transmission of CHIKV in urban and rural areas where the two vector species occur. DA - 2008/3/1/ PY - 2008/3/1/ DO - 10.4269/ajtmh.2008.78.422 VL - 78 IS - 3 SP - 422-425 LA - en OP - SN - 0002-9637 1476-1645 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2008.78.422 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Size Alters Susceptibility of Vectors to Dengue Virus Infection and Dissemination AU - Alto, Barry W. AU - Lounibos, L. Philip AU - Reiskind, Michael H. T2 - The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene AB - The size of arthropod vectors may affect their ability to transmit pathogens. Here we test the hypothesis that body size alters the susceptibility of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes to dengue virus (DENV) infection and subsequent dissemination throughout the body of the mosquito. After feeding on blood containing known quantities of virus, smaller-sized females were significantly more likely to become infected and to disseminate virus than larger individuals. The effects of size were stronger for Ae. aegypti and independent of rearing conditions. Ae. albopictus was more susceptible to DENV infection and had higher virus titer in the body than Ae. aegypti, yet infected Ae. aegypti disseminated DENV more readily than infected Ae. albopictus. These results are consistent with the concept that Ae. aegypti is a more competent vector of DENV and emphasize the importance of body size in determining adult infection parameters. DA - 2008/11/1/ PY - 2008/11/1/ DO - 10.4269/ajtmh.2008.79.688 VL - 79 IS - 5 SP - 688-695 LA - en OP - SN - 0002-9637 1476-1645 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2008.79.688 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Analysis of the Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus gasseri ATCC 33323 Reveals the Molecular Basis of an Autochthonous Intestinal Organism AU - Azcarate-Peril, M. A. AU - Altermann, E. AU - Goh, Y. J. AU - Tallon, R. AU - Sanozky-Dawes, R. B. AU - Pfeiler, E. A. AU - O'Flaherty, S. AU - Buck, B. L. AU - Dobson, A. AU - Duong, T. AU - Miller, M. J. AU - Barrangou, R. AU - Klaenhammer, T. R. T2 - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AB - ABSTRACT This study presents the complete genome sequence of Lactobacillus gasseri ATCC 33323, a neotype strain of human origin and a native species found commonly in the gastrointestinal tracts of neonates and adults. The plasmid-free genome was 1,894,360 bp in size and predicted to encode 1,810 genes. The GC content was 35.3%, similar to the GC content of its closest relatives, L. johnsonii NCC 533 (34%) and L. acidophilus NCFM (34%). Two identical copies of the prophage LgaI (40,086 bp), of the Sfi11-like Siphoviridae phage family, were integrated tandomly in the chromosome. A number of unique features were identified in the genome of L. gasseri that were likely acquired by horizontal gene transfer and may contribute to the survival of this bacterium in its ecological niche. L. gasseri encodes two restriction and modification systems, which may limit bacteriophage infection. L. gasseri also encodes an operon for production of heteropolysaccharides of high complexity. A unique alternative sigma factor was present similar to that of B. caccae ATCC 43185, a bacterial species isolated from human feces. In addition, L. gasseri encoded the highest number of putative mucus-binding proteins (14) among lactobacilli sequenced to date. Selected phenotypic characteristics that were compared between ATCC 33323 and other human L. gasseri strains included carbohydrate fermentation patterns, growth and survival in bile, oxalate degradation, and adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells, in vitro. The results from this study indicated high intraspecies variability from a genome encoding traits important for survival and retention in the gastrointestinal tract. DA - 2008/6/6/ PY - 2008/6/6/ DO - 10.1128/aem.00054-08 VL - 74 IS - 15 SP - 4610-4625 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pioneering women in plant pathology AU - Ristaino, Jean Beagle DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Suppression of Fungal Pathogen Phytophthora capsici by Mycophagous Soil Fauna. AU - Qi, Rende AU - Tu, Cong AU - Shew, H David AU - Louws, Frank AU - Zhang, Yong AU - Ristaino, Jean AU - Hu, Shuijin C2 - 2008/// C3 - The 2008 Joint Annual Meeting DA - 2008/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Phytophthora infestans identified in archival potato tubers from trials at Rothamsted, 1876-1879 AU - Ristaino, JB AU - Hu, CH AU - Fitt, Bruce DL T2 - Journal of Plant Pathology: an international journal of the Italian Phytopathological Society DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Major contributions of early women plant pathologists to our science: Strategies, struggles, and success AU - Ristaino, J T2 - AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA C2 - 2008/// C3 - PHYTOPATHOLOGY DA - 2008/// VL - 98 SP - S6-S6 M1 - 6 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Grace Marion Waterhouse AU - Brady, BL AU - Stamps, DJ AU - Ristaino, Jean Beagle T2 - Pioneering Women in Plant Pathology DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// SP - 143 ER - TY - CONF TI - Genetic structure of populations of the tobacco blue mold pathogen, Peronospora tabacina in North America, Central America and the Caribbean and Europe AU - Blanco-Meneses, M AU - Carbone, I AU - Ivors, K AU - Ristaino, JB T2 - AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA C2 - 2008/// C3 - Phytopathology DA - 2008/// VL - 98 SP - S23-S23 M1 - 6 ER - TY - CONF TI - Gene flow of Phytophthora infestans between organic and conventional potato field in Southern Flevoland, The Netherlands AU - Hu, C AU - Govers, F AU - Ristaino, J C2 - 2008/// C3 - APS Centennial Meeting, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, 26-30 July 2008 DA - 2008/// VL - 98 SP - S69-S69 ER - TY - CONF TI - DNA sequence analysis of the late-blight pathogen gives clues to the world-wide migration AU - Ristaino, Jean Beagle C2 - 2008/// C3 - III International Late Blight Conference 834 DA - 2008/// SP - 27-40 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Preserving accuracy in GenBank T2 - Science DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// VL - 319 IS - 5870 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84881085358&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Arabidopsis phytochrome-interacting factor PIF7, together with PIF3 and PIF4, regulates responses to prolonged red light by modulating phyB levels AU - Leivar, Pablo AU - Monte, Elena AU - Al-Sady, Bassem AU - Carle, Christine AU - Storer, Alyssa AU - Alonso, Jose M. AU - Ecker, Joseph R. AU - Quail, Peter H. T2 - The Plant Cell Online AB - Abstract We show that a previously uncharacterized Arabidopsis thaliana basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) phytochrome interacting factor (PIF), designated PIF7, interacts specifically with the far-red light–absorbing Pfr form of phyB through a conserved domain called the active phyB binding motif. Similar to PIF3, upon light exposure, PIF7 rapidly migrates to intranuclear speckles, where it colocalizes with phyB. However, in striking contrast to PIF3, this process is not accompanied by detectable light-induced phosphorylation or degradation of PIF7, suggesting that the consequences of interaction with photoactivated phyB may differ among PIFs. Nevertheless, PIF7 acts similarly to PIF3 in prolonged red light as a weak negative regulator of phyB-mediated seedling deetiolation. Examination of pif3, pif4, and pif7 double mutant combinations shows that their moderate hypersensitivity to extended red light is additive. We provide evidence that the mechanism by which these PIFs operate on the phyB signaling pathway under prolonged red light is through maintaining low phyB protein levels, in an additive or synergistic manner, via a process likely involving the proteasome pathway. These data suggest that the role of these phyB-interacting bHLH factors in modulating seedling deetiolation in prolonged red light may not be as phy-activated signaling intermediates, as proposed previously, but as direct modulators of the abundance of the photoreceptor. DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// DO - 10.1105/tpc.107.052142 VL - 20 IS - 2 SP - 337-352 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Potential sites of bioactive gibberellin production during reproductive growth in Arabidopsis AU - Hu, Jianhong AU - Mitchum, Melissa G. AU - Barnaby, Neel AU - Ayele, Belay T. AU - Ogawa, Mikihiro AU - Nam, Edward AU - Lai, Wei-Chu AU - Hanada, Atsushi AU - Alonso, Jose M. AU - Ecker, Joseph R. T2 - The Plant Cell Online AB - Gibberellin 3-oxidase (GA3ox) catalyzes the final step in the synthesis of bioactive gibberellins (GAs). We examined the expression patterns of all four GA3ox genes in Arabidopsis thaliana by promoter-beta-glucuronidase gene fusions and by quantitative RT-PCR and defined their physiological roles by characterizing single, double, and triple mutants. In developing flowers, GA3ox genes are only expressed in stamen filaments, anthers, and flower receptacles. Mutant plants that lack both GA3ox1 and GA3ox3 functions displayed stamen and petal defects, indicating that these two genes are important for GA production in the flower. Our data suggest that de novo synthesis of active GAs is necessary for stamen development in early flowers and that bioactive GAs made in the stamens and/or flower receptacles are transported to petals to promote their growth. In developing siliques, GA3ox1 is mainly expressed in the replums, funiculi, and the silique receptacles, whereas the other GA3ox genes are only expressed in developing seeds. Active GAs appear to be transported from the seed endosperm to the surrounding maternal tissues where they promote growth. The immediate upregulation of GA3ox1 and GA3ox4 after anthesis suggests that pollination and/or fertilization is a prerequisite for de novo GA biosynthesis in fruit, which in turn promotes initial elongation of the silique. DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// DO - 10.1105/tpc.107.057752 VL - 20 IS - 2 SP - 320-336 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Formation of metal-nicotianamine complexes as affected by pH, ligand exchange with citrate and metal exchange. A study by electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry AU - Rellan-Alvarez, R. AU - Abadia, J. AU - Alvarez-Fernandez, A. T2 - Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry AB - Nicotianamine (NA) is considered as a key element in plant metal homeostasis. This non-proteinogenic amino acid has an optimal structure for chelation of metal ions, with six functional groups that allow octahedral coordination. The ability to chelate metals by NA is largely dependent on the pK of the resulting complex and the pH of the solution, with most metals being chelated at neutral or basic pH values. In silico calculations using pKa and pK values have predicted the occurrence of metal-NA complexes in plant fluids, but the use of soft ionization techniques (e.g. electrospray), together with high-resolution mass spectrometers (e.g. time-of-flight mass detector), can offer direct and metal-specific information on the speciation of NA in solution. We have used direct infusion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (time-of-flight) ESI-MS(TOF) to study the complexation of Mn, Fe(II), Fe(III), Ni, Cu by NA. The pH dependence of the metal-NA complexes in ESI-MS was compared to that predicted in silico. Possible exchange reactions that may occur between Fe-NA and other metal micronutrients as Zn and Cu, as well as between Fe-NA and citrate, another possible Fe ligand candidate in plants, were studied at pH 5.5 and 7.5, values typical of the plant xylem and phloem saps. Metal-NA complexes were generally observed in the ESI-MS experiments at a pH value approximately 1-2 units lower than that predicted in silico, and this difference could be only partially explained by the estimated error, approximately 0.3 pH units, associated with measuring pH in organic solvent-containing solutions. Iron-NA complexes are less likely to participate in ligand- and metal-exchange reactions at pH 7.5 than at pH 5.5. Results support that NA may be the ligand chelating Fe at pH values usually found in phloem sap, whereas in the xylem sap NA is not likely to be involved in Fe transport, conversely to what occurs with other metals such as Cu and Ni. Some considerations that need to be addressed when studying metal complexes in plant compartments by ESI-MS are also discussed. DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// DO - 10.1002/rcm.3523 VL - 22 IS - 10 SP - 1553-1562 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-45149109934&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pesticides and Atopic and Nonatopic Asthma among Farm Women in the Agricultural Health Study AU - Hoppin, Jane A. AU - Umbach, David M. AU - London, Stephanie J. AU - Henneberger, Paul K. AU - Kullman, Greg J. AU - Alavanja, Michael C. R. AU - Sandler, Dale P. T2 - American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine AB - Risk factors for asthma among farm women are understudied.We evaluated pesticide and other occupational exposures as risk factors for adult-onset asthma.Studying 25,814 farm women in the Agricultural Health Study, we used self-reported history of doctor-diagnosed asthma with or without eczema and/or hay fever to create two case groups: patients with atopic asthma and those with nonatopic asthma. We assessed disease-exposure associations with polytomous logistic regression.At enrollment (1993-1997), 702 women (2.7%) reported a doctor's diagnosis of asthma after age 19 years (282 atopic, 420 nonatopic). Growing up on a farm (61% of all farm women) was protective for atopic asthma (odds ratio [OR], 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.43-0.70) and, to a lesser extent, for nonatopic asthma (OR, 0.83; 95%CI, 0.68-1.02; P value for difference = 0.008). Pesticide use was almost exclusively associated with atopic asthma. Any use of pesticides on the farm was associated only with atopic asthma (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.14-1.87). This association with pesticides was strongest among women who had grown up on a farm. Women who grew up on farms and did not apply pesticides had the lowest overall risk of atopic asthma (OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.27-0.62) compared with women who neither grew up on farms nor applied pesticides. A total of 7 of 16 insecticides, 2 of 11 herbicides, and 1 of 4 fungicides were significantly associated with atopic asthma; only permethrin use on crops was associated with nonatopic asthma.These findings suggest that pesticides may contribute to atopic asthma, but not nonatopic asthma, among farm women. DA - 2008/1// PY - 2008/1// DO - 10.1164/rccm.200706-821OC VL - 177 IS - 1 SP - 11-18 J2 - Am J Respir Crit Care Med LA - en OP - SN - 1073-449X 1535-4970 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200706-821OC DB - Crossref KW - agricultural workers KW - allergy KW - asthma KW - organophosphates KW - pesticides ER - TY - JOUR TI - S -Ethyl- N,N -dipropylthiocarbamate Exposure and Cancer Incidence among Male Pesticide Applicators in the Agricultural Health Study: A Prospective Cohort AU - van Bemmel, Dana M. AU - Visvanathan, Kala AU - Beane Freeman, Laura E. AU - Coble, Joseph AU - Hoppin, Jane A. AU - Alavanja, Michael C.R. T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives AB - The Agricultural Health Study (AHS) is a prospective cohort study of licensed pesticide applicators from Iowa and North Carolina enrolled between 1993 and 1997. EPTC (S-ethyl-N,N-dipropylthiocarbamate) is a thiocarbamate herbicide used in every region of the United States. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reports that EPTC is most likely not a human carcinogen; however, the previous epidemiologic data on EPTC exposure and cancer risk were limited.The purpose of this study was to examine cancer incidence and EPTC use in 48,378 male pesticide applicators enrolled in the AHS.We estimated the rate ratio (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all cancers and selected cancer sites using Poisson regression. We assessed EPTC exposure using two quantitative metrics: lifetime exposure days and intensity-weighted lifetime exposure days, a measure that accounts for application factors that modify personal exposure likelihood.Among the 9,878 applicators exposed to EPTC, 470 incident cancer cases were diagnosed during the follow-up period ending December 2004 compared with the 1,824 cases among individuals reporting no use. Although EPTC was associated with colon cancer in the highest tertile of both lifetime exposure days and intensity-weighted lifetime days (RR = 2.09; 95% CI, 1.26-3.47 and RR = 2.05; 95% CI, 1.34-3.14, respectively) and the trend test was < 0.01 for both, the pattern of RR was not monotonic with increasing use. There was a suggestion of an association with leukemia. No other associations were observed.In this analysis, EPTC use appeared to be associated with colon cancer and leukemia. However, given the relatively small number of cases in the highest exposure tertile, results should be interpreted with caution, and further investigations are needed. DA - 2008/11// PY - 2008/11// DO - 10.1289/ehp.11371 VL - 116 IS - 11 SP - 1541-1546 J2 - Environmental Health Perspectives LA - en OP - SN - 0091-6765 1552-9924 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.11371 DB - Crossref KW - agriculture KW - cancer KW - EPTC KW - herbicide KW - neoplasms KW - occupational exposure KW - pesticides KW - thiocarbamates ER - TY - JOUR TI - Meat and Meat Mutagens and Risk of Prostate Cancer in the Agricultural Health Study AU - Koutros, S. AU - Cross, A. J. AU - Sandler, D. P. AU - Hoppin, J. A. AU - Ma, X. AU - Zheng, T. AU - Alavanja, M. C.R. AU - Sinha, R. T2 - Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention AB - Abstract Meats cooked at high temperatures, such as pan-frying or grilling, are a source of carcinogenic heterocyclic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. We prospectively examined the association between meat types, meat cooking methods, meat doneness, and meat mutagens and the risk for prostate cancer in the Agricultural Health Study. We estimated relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for prostate cancer using Cox proportional hazards regression using age as the underlying time metric and adjusting for state of residence, race, smoking status, and family history of prostate cancer. During 197,017 person-years of follow-up, we observed 668 incident prostate cancer cases (613 of these were diagnosed after the first year of follow-up and 140 were advanced cases) among 23,080 men with complete dietary data. We found no association between meat type or specific cooking method and prostate cancer risk. However, intake of well or very well done total meat was associated with a 1.26-fold increased risk of incident prostate cancer (95% CI, 1.02-1.54) and a 1.97-fold increased risk of advanced disease (95% CI, 1.26-3.08) when the highest tertile was compared with the lowest. Risks for the two heterocyclic amines 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo-[4,5-f]quinoxaline and 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo-[4,5-b]quinoxaline were of borderline significance for incident disease [1.24 (95% CI, 0.96-1.59) and 1.20 (95% CI, 0.93-1.55), respectively] when the highest quintile was compared with the lowest. In conclusion, well and very well done meat was associated with an increased risk for prostate cancer in this cohort. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(1):80–7) DA - 2008/1/9/ PY - 2008/1/9/ DO - 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-07-0392 VL - 17 IS - 1 SP - 80-87 J2 - Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention LA - en OP - SN - 1055-9965 1538-7755 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-07-0392 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dichlorvos exposure and human cancer risk: Results from the Agricultural Health Study AU - Koutros, S. AU - Mahajan, R. AU - Zheng, T. AU - Hoppin, J.A. AU - Ma, X. AU - Lynch, C.F. AU - Blair, A. AU - Alavanja, M.C.R. T2 - Cancer Causes and Control AB - We evaluated cancer risk from DDVP (2,2-Dichloroethenyl dimethylphosphate) exposure among pesticide applicators enrolled in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS) cohort.The AHS is a cohort of 57,311 pesticide applicators in North Carolina and Iowa, enrolled from 1993 to 1997 and followed for cancer through 2004. A comprehensive questionnaire collected information on exposure to DDVP and potential confounders. Among the 49,762 licensed pesticide applicators eligible for analysis, 4,613 reported use of DDVP. DDVP exposure was classified as intensity-weighted cumulative exposure days (IWED), calculated as [years of use x days per year x intensity level]. Poisson regression analysis was used to calculate rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to evaluate the association of DDVP exposure among 2,943 incident cases of cancer.DDVP exposure was not associated with any cancer studied here. We observed no elevation in risk among lymphohematopoietic cancers, RR = 1.00 (95% CI 0.51, 1.96) and a small excess risk associated with exposure among those with a family history of prostate cancer (RR = 1.18 (95% CI 0.73, 1.82).We find little evidence of an association between cumulative lifetime use of DDVP and risk of any cancer at this stage of follow up of the AHS. DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// DO - 10.1007/s10552-007-9070-0 VL - 19 IS - 1 SP - 59-65 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-38149035339&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - pesticides KW - organophosphate insecticides KW - dichlorvos (DDVP) KW - prospective cohort KW - cancer etiology ER - TY - JOUR TI - An interlaboratory study of perfluorinated alkyl compound levels in human plasma AU - Longnecker, Matthew P. AU - Smith, Cynthia S. AU - Kissling, Grace E. AU - Hoppin, Jane A. AU - Butenhoff, John L. AU - Decker, Emily AU - Ehresman, David J. AU - Ellefson, Mark E. AU - Flaherty, John AU - Gardner, Michael S. AU - Langlois, Eric AU - LeBlanc, Alain AU - Lindstrom, Andrew B. AU - Reagen, William K. AU - Strynar, Mark J. AU - Studabaker, William B. T2 - Environmental Research AB - We conducted an interlaboratory study which differed from the typical study of this type because of its emphasis on comparing intralaboratory variability in results. We sent specimens to six laboratories experienced in the analysis of perfluorinated alkyl compounds in blood matrices and that use stringent procedures to control and assure accuracy and precision. Each received an identical set of 60 plasma specimens that were analyzed in six completely independent batches. Split specimens were included so that within- and between-batch coefficients of variation could be calculated. All laboratories used liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The concentrations of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), and perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS) measured in the specimens in general showed a high level of agreement, although in some cases the agreement was only moderate. The average within- and between-batch coefficient of variation for PFOS was 9.1% and 9.3%; for PFOA was 14.5% and 14.5%; and for PFHxS was 14.5% and 17.0%. The recent availability of labeled internal standards, among other advances, has facilitated improvement in the accuracy and precision of the assays. Considering the degree of between-subject variation in levels among people in background-exposed populations, the results indicate that biomarker-based epidemiologic studies of associations with health could have reasonable precision. DA - 2008/6// PY - 2008/6// DO - 10.1016/j.envres.2008.01.005 VL - 107 IS - 2 SP - 152-159 J2 - Environmental Research LA - en OP - SN - 0013-9351 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2008.01.005 DB - Crossref KW - perfluorinated alkyl compounds KW - interlaboratory study KW - persistent organic pollutants KW - interdisciplinary studies KW - research design KW - epidemiologic methods ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cancer incidence among pesticide applicators exposed to trifluralin in the Agricultural Health Study AU - Kang, Daehee AU - Park, Sue Kyung AU - Beane-Freeman, Laura AU - Lynch, Charles F. AU - Knott, Charles E. AU - Sandler, Dale P. AU - Hoppin, Jane A. AU - Dosemeci, Mustafa AU - Coble, Joseph AU - Lubin, Jay AU - Blair, Aaron AU - Alavanja, Michael T2 - Environmental Research AB - Trifluralin, 2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-4-trifluoromethylaniline, is a 2,6-dinitro herbicide widely used to control annual grasses and broadleaf weeds in agricultural settings. The association between trifluralin use and common cancer incidence was evaluated among 50,127 private and commercial pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS), a prospective cohort study of licensed pesticide applicators and their spouses in Iowa and North Carolina. Poisson regression was used to examine internal dose-response relationships, while controlling for important lifestyle factors and other agricultural exposures. Two metrics of exposure (lifetime days and intensity-weighted lifetime days) were used in exposure-response analyses with non-exposed applicators, as well as applicators in the lowest tertile of exposure, as reference groups. Incident cancers were identified through state tumor registries from enrollment in 1993 through 2002. Trifluralin exposure was not associated with cancer incidence overall among 51% of private and commercial applicators (n=25,712) who had used trifluralin. However, there was an excess of colon cancer in the exposure category of higher half of highest tertile (rate ratios (RR) of 1.76 (95% CI=1.05-2.95) using the non-exposed as a referent and 1.93 (95% CI=1.08-3.45) using those with the lowest tertile of exposure as the referent). There was also a non-significantly elevated risk for kidney cancer and bladder cancer in the highest exposure group, although only the kidney cancer finding was consistent across exposure metrics. Although there was a possible link between trifluralin exposure and colon cancer, small numbers and inconsistencies in dose-response and subgroup analyses indicate that this may be a chance finding. DA - 2008/6// PY - 2008/6// DO - 10.1016/j.envres.2008.01.010 VL - 107 IS - 2 SP - 271-276 J2 - Environmental Research LA - en OP - SN - 0013-9351 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2008.01.010 DB - Crossref KW - agriculture KW - trifluralin KW - pesticides KW - cancer KW - occupational exposure ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hearing Loss Among Licensed Pesticide Applicators in the Agricultural Health Study AU - Crawford, John Mac AU - Hoppin, Jane A. AU - Alavanja, Michael C. R. AU - Blair, Aaron AU - Sandler, Dale P. AU - Kamel, Freya T2 - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine AB - Objective: We evaluated self-reported hearing loss and pesticide exposure in licensed private pesticide applicators enrolled in the Agricultural Health Study in 1993 to 1997 in Iowa and North Carolina. Methods: Among 14,229 white male applicators in 1999 to 2003, 4926 reported hearing loss (35%). Logistic regression was performed with adjustment for state, age, and noise, solvents, and metals. We classified pesticides by lifetime days of use. Results: Compared with no exposure, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for the highest quartile of exposure was 1.19 (1.04 to 1.35) for insecticides and 1.17 (1.03 to 1.31) for organophosphate insecticides. Odds of hearing loss were elevated for high pesticide exposure events (1.38, 1.25 to 1.54), pesticide-related doctor visits (1.38, 1.17 to 1.62) or hospitalization (1.81, 1.25 to 2.62), and diagnosed pesticide poisoning (1.75, 1.36 to 2.26). Conclusions: Although control for exposure to noise or other neurotoxicants was limited, this study extends previous reports suggesting that organophosphate exposure increases risk of hearing loss. DA - 2008/7// PY - 2008/7// DO - 10.1097/JOM.0b013e31816a8caf VL - 50 IS - 7 SP - 817-826 J2 - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine LA - en OP - SN - 1076-2752 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0b013e31816a8caf DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Chlorothalonil exposure and cancer incidence among pesticide applicator participants in the agricultural health study AU - Mozzachio, Alicia M. AU - Rusiecki, Jennifer A. AU - Hoppin, Jane A. AU - Mahajan, Rajeev AU - Patel, Rahulkumar AU - Beane-Freeman, Laura AU - Alavanja, Michael CR T2 - Environmental Research AB - Chlorothalonil is a broad spectrum, non-systemic fungicide widely used to control diseases affecting over 50 fruit, vegetable, and agricultural crops. Despite its extensive use for over 30 years, little is known about the potential human carcinogenicity associated with the routine application of chlorothalonil. Rodent studies have shown evidence of renal tubular carcinomas and adenomas. We explored cancer incidence with chlorothalonil exposure using data from the Agricultural Health Study, a prospective cohort of licensed pesticide applicators in Iowa and North Carolina. Licensed private and commercial pesticide applicators were recruited into this study from 1993 to 1997. Detailed information regarding pesticide use was obtained via self-administered questionnaires. Cancer incidence was followed through December 31, 2004. Chlorothalonil exposure was classified by lifetime exposure days and intensity-weighted lifetime exposure days, and then categorized into tertiles. The intensity-weighted lifetime exposure days metric was calculated based on a complex algorithm which includes pesticide application methods among other factors. This may increase or decrease exposure. Of the 47,625 pesticide applicators included in this analysis, 3657 applicators reported using chlorothalonil with a median of 3.5 application days per year. Chlorothalonil was not associated with overall cancer incidence, nor did we find any association with colon, lung, and prostate cancers—the only cancers for which we had sufficient numbers to explore associations. We did not find any strong evidence for an association between chlorothalonil and the cancers investigated. Although animal studies have suggested renal cancer may be associated with chlorothalonil, we had insufficient data to evaluate this cancer. DA - 2008/11// PY - 2008/11// DO - 10.1016/j.envres.2008.07.018 VL - 108 IS - 3 SP - 400-403 J2 - Environmental Research LA - en OP - SN - 0013-9351 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2008.07.018 DB - Crossref KW - Chlorothalonil KW - Pesticides KW - Fungicides KW - Cancer KW - Agriculture ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluation of Freeze–Thaw Cycles on Stored Plasma in the Biobank of the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study AU - Paltiel, Liv AU - Rønningen, Kjersti S. AU - Meltzer, Helle M. AU - Baker, Susan V. AU - Hoppin, Jane A. T2 - Cell Preservation Technology AB - In many cohort studies, biological specimens are being stored without specific plans for analyses. In the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study biological specimens (DNA, plasma, and whole blood) are stored on 96-well plates and as a result may undergo multiple freeze–thaw cycles. To explore the impact of multiple freeze–thaw cycles on chemical constituents, we conducted a quality control study using pooled EDTA-plasma. Over a 2-year period, samples stored at −80°C were subjected up to 100 freeze–thaw cycles. Specimens were analyzed in triplicate for sodium, cholesterol, triglycerides, vitamin E, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and free-fatty acids. We assessed the percent change of analyte concentration from the values for the first freeze–thaw cycle, because this is the baseline for all stored specimens. With the exception of free fatty acids, there was little change over the first 10 freeze–thaw cycles. A majority of analytes showed no significant changes until 30 freeze–thaw cycles. After 30 freeze–thaw cycles, the largest percent change was observed for free fatty acids (+32%), AST (+21%), and triglycerides (−19%). Human plasma can go through several freeze–thaw cycles before analysis without influencing sample integrity for the selected analytes. DA - 2008/9// PY - 2008/9// DO - 10.1089/cpt.2008.0012 VL - 6 IS - 3 SP - 223-229 J2 - Cell Preservation Technology LA - en OP - SN - 1538-344X 1557-8119 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cpt.2008.0012 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cancer incidence among pesticide applicators exposed to captan in the Agricultural Health Study AU - Greenburg, David L. AU - Rusiecki, Jennifer AU - Koutros, Stella AU - Dosemeci, Mustafa AU - Patel, Rahulkumar AU - Hines, Cynthia J. AU - Hoppin, Jane A. AU - Alavanja, Michael C. R. T2 - Cancer Causes & Control DA - 2008/6/28/ PY - 2008/6/28/ DO - 10.1007/s10552-008-9187-9 VL - 19 IS - 10 SP - 1401-1407 J2 - Cancer Causes Control LA - en OP - SN - 0957-5243 1573-7225 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10552-008-9187-9 DB - Crossref KW - Captan KW - Cancer KW - Agricultural Health Study KW - Cohort KW - Prospective KW - Pesticide KW - Fungicide KW - CAS number 133-06-2 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Depression and Pesticide Exposures among Private Pesticide Applicators Enrolled in the Agricultural Health Study AU - Beseler, Cheryl L. AU - Stallones, Lorann AU - Hoppin, Jane A. AU - Alavanja, Michael C.R. AU - Blair, Aaron AU - Keefe, Thomas AU - Kamel, Freya T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives AB - BackgroundWe evaluated the relationship between diagnosed depression and pesticide exposure using information from private pesticide applicators enrolled in the Agricultural Health Study between 1993 and 1997 in Iowa and North Carolina.MethodsThere were 534 cases who self-reported a physician-diagnosed depression and 17,051 controls who reported never having been diagnosed with depression and did not feel depressed more than once a week in the past year. Lifetime pesticide exposure was categorized in three mutually exclusive groups: low (< 226 days, the reference group), intermediate (226–752 days), and high (> 752 days). Two additional measures represented acute high-intensity pesticide exposures: an unusually high pesticide exposure event (HPEE) and physician-diagnosed pesticide poisoning. Logistic regression analyses were performed relating pesticide exposure to depression.ResultsAfter adjusting for state, age, education, marital status, doctor visits, alcohol use, smoking, solvent exposure, not currently having crops or animals, and ever working a job off the farm, pesticide poisoning was more strongly associated with depression [odds ratio (OR) = 2.57; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.74–3.79] than intermediate (OR = 1.07; 95% CI, 0.87–1.31) or high (OR = 1.11; 95% CI, 0.87–1.42) cumulative exposure or an HPEE (OR = 1.65; 95% CI, 1.33–2.05). In analysis of a subgroup without a history of acute poisoning, high cumulative exposure was significantly associated with depression (OR = 1.54; 95% CI, 1.16–2.04).ConclusionThese findings suggest that both acute high-intensity and cumulative pesticide exposure may contribute to depression in pesticide applicators. Our study is unique in reporting that depression is also associated with chronic pesticide exposure in the absence of a physician-diagnosed poisoning. DA - 2008/12// PY - 2008/12// DO - 10.1289/ehp.11091 VL - 116 IS - 12 SP - 1713-1719 J2 - Environmental Health Perspectives LA - en OP - SN - 0091-6765 1552-9924 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.11091 DB - Crossref KW - cumulative exposure KW - depression KW - farm applicators KW - pesticides KW - pesticide poisoning ER - TY - JOUR TI - Incipient speciation within a subgenus of rockfish (Sebastosomus) provides evidence of recent radiations within an ancient species flock AU - Burford, Martha O. AU - Bernardi, Giacomo T2 - Marine Biology DA - 2008/4/2/ PY - 2008/4/2/ DO - 10.1007/s00227-008-0963-6 VL - 154 IS - 4 SP - 701-717 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fine scale dispersal in Banggai Cardinalfish, Pterapogon kauderni, a coral reef species lacking a pelagic larval phase AU - Vagelli, Alejandro AU - Burford, Martha AU - Bernardi, Giacomo T2 - Marine Genomics AB - Dispersal in marine species results from complex interactions between biotic and abiotic factors. Importantly, the pelagic larval phase of most marine species adds a significant degree of complexity. Therefore, a growing body of work is focusing on those rare species that lack a pelagic larval phase (usually brooding species). For such species, large-scale gene flow has been shown to be very low, thus following the expectation of a relationship between realized dispersal and pelagic larval duration. Yet, little is known about the dispersal of those species at very small geographic scales. In this study, we focused on the Banggai Cardinalfish, Pterapogon kauderni, a mouthbrooding species that lacks a pelagic larval phase. Based on previously identified microsatellites, we scored 12 populations around the southern island of Bangkulu, in the Banggai Archipelago, Indonesia. While only 60 km in perimeter, we found that this island harbors very distinct populations of P. kauderni. Indeed, assignment tests self-assigned 10 out of those 12 populations. These results mirror the very high level of self-assignment at the level of the entire archipelago, where, out of 13 populations, 70% of the individuals were reassigned to their source population. Therefore, our data show consistency between small and large-scale dispersal. In addition, in light of the recent expansion in the harvesting of this species for the pet trade, our data have important conservation implications. DA - 2008/9// PY - 2008/9// DO - 10.1016/j.margen.2009.01.001 VL - 1 IS - 3-4 SP - 129-134 KW - Pterapogon kauderni KW - Banggai Cardinalfish KW - Marine dispersal KW - Microsatellites ER - TY - BOOK TI - Safety Evaluation in the Development of Medical Devices and Combination Products AU - Gad, Shayne AU - McCord, Marian DA - 2008/10/20/ PY - 2008/10/20/ DO - 10.1201/9781439809488 ET - 3 PB - Taylor and Francis: CRC Press SN - 9781420071641 9781439809488 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439809488 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Interspecific differences in weed susceptibility to steam injury AU - Leon, R.G. AU - Ferreira, D.T. T2 - Weed Technology AB - Thermal weed control methods have been incorporated into weed control programs in organic and conventional production systems. Flaming is commonly used, but steaming has been proposed to increase efficiency of heat transfer to weeds and reduce the risk of fire. The objective of this research was to measure injury to leaves of plant species that differ in leaf morphology and to measure injury to plants at different stages of plant development. The study was conducted in a glasshouse and plants were exposed to steaming at 400 C for 0.36 s—equivalent to a steaming speed of 2 km/h. Overall, leaf thickness was the best morphological characteristic to predict injury ( r 2 = 0.51), with greater thickness resulting in less injury. For broadleaf species only, species with wider leaves were injured more than species with narrower leaves ( r 2 = 0.64). Injury was greatest when plants had fewer than six true leaves and when their shoots were less than 10 cm long. There was a wide range of injury across species, and the grass species bermudagrass and perennial ryegrass were injured (68 to 81%) more than other species such as common purslane and English daisy (23 to 34%). Biomass of all species tested was reduced by approximately 40%, indicating that leaf injury was not the sole effect of steaming on plant growth. These results indicated that considering both visual estimates of injury and morphological characteristics is important to properly assess thermal weed control effectiveness. DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// DO - 10.1614/wt-07-150.1 VL - 22 IS - 04 SP - 719–723 KW - Alternative weed management KW - steaming KW - heat KW - flaming KW - organic KW - physical KW - thermal KW - weed control ER - TY - JOUR TI - Global analysis of Arabidopsis gene expression uncovers a complex array of changes impacting pathogen response and cell cycle during geminivirus infection AU - Ascencio-Ibáñez, José Trinidad AU - Sozzani, Rosangela AU - Lee, Tae-Jin AU - Chu, Tzu-Ming AU - Wolfinger, Russell D. AU - Cella, Rino AU - Hanley-Bowdoin, Linda T2 - Plant Physiology AB - Geminiviruses are small DNA viruses that use plant replication machinery to amplify their genomes. Microarray analysis of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) transcriptome in response to cabbage leaf curl virus (CaLCuV) infection uncovered 5,365 genes (false discovery rate <0.005) differentially expressed in infected rosette leaves at 12 d postinoculation. Data mining revealed that CaLCuV triggers a pathogen response via the salicylic acid pathway and induces expression of genes involved in programmed cell death, genotoxic stress, and DNA repair. CaLCuV also altered expression of cell cycle-associated genes, preferentially activating genes expressed during S and G2 and inhibiting genes active in G1 and M. A limited set of core cell cycle genes associated with cell cycle reentry, late G1, S, and early G2 had increased RNA levels, while core cell cycle genes linked to early G1 and late G2 had reduced transcripts. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting of nuclei from infected leaves revealed a depletion of the 4C population and an increase in 8C, 16C, and 32C nuclei. Infectivity studies of transgenic Arabidopsis showed that overexpression of CYCD3;1 or E2FB, both of which promote the mitotic cell cycle, strongly impaired CaLCuV infection. In contrast, overexpression of E2FA or E2FC, which can facilitate the endocycle, had no apparent effect. These results showed that geminiviruses and RNA viruses interface with the host pathogen response via a common mechanism, and that geminiviruses modulate plant cell cycle status by differentially impacting the CYCD/retinoblastoma-related protein/E2F regulatory network and facilitating progression into the endocycle. C2 - PMC2528102 DA - 2008/9// PY - 2008/9// DO - 10.1104/pp.108.121038 VL - 148 IS - 1 SP - 436-454 J2 - Plant Physiol. LA - eng SN - 0032-0889 DB - PubMed ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mysterious diel cycles of mercury emission from soils held in the dark at constant temperature AU - Zhang, Hong AU - Lindberg, Steve E. AU - Kuiken, Todd T2 - Atmospheric Environment AB - It is well known that mercury (Hg) emission from soils is largely controlled by solar radiation and soil temperature, exhibiting diel cycles that closely follow diel variations of solar radiation. To study soil Hg emission processes, we conducted experiments by measuring soil Hg emission fluxes under controlled conditions in the laboratory with a dynamic flux chamber using outside ambient air as flushing air. Unexpectedly, we observed consistent, recurring diel cycles of Hg emissions from dry soils held at constant temperature in the dark in our laboratory. The peaks of the emissions also seemed subject to some seasonal variation and to respond to local weather conditions with lower flux peaks in wintertime and on cloudy or rainy days. Finally, much lower soil Hg emission fluxes were observed in the presence of Hg-free zero air than in the presence of outside ambient air. It is hypothesized that some unidentified air-borne substance(s) in the ambient air might be responsible for the observed diel cycles of soil Hg emission. Further elaborate mechanistic investigations are clearly needed to test the initial working hypotheses and uncover the cause for this interesting, mysterious phenomenon. The present work and recent finding of enhancement of Hg emissions from soil and mineral particles by O3 seem to point to a research need to probe the possible role of near-ground atmospheric chemistry in Hg air/soil exchange. DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// DO - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.02.037 VL - 42 IS - 21 SP - 5424-5433 UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000257960900021&KeyUID=WOS:000257960900021 KW - air/surface exchange KW - atmospheric chemistry KW - global biogeochemistry KW - heavy metal KW - solar radiation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mercury emission from terrestrial background surfaces in the eastern USA. Part I: Air/surface exchange of mercury within a southeastern deciduous forest (Tennessee) over one year AU - Kuiken, Todd AU - Zhang, Hong AU - Gustin, Mae AU - Lindberg, Steve T2 - Applied Geochemistry AB - This study focused on the development of a seasonal data set of the Hg air/surface exchange over soils associated with low Hg containing surfaces in a deciduous forest in the southern USA. Data were collected every month for 11 months in 2004 within Standing Stone State Forest in Tennessee using the dynamic flux chamber method. Mercury air/surface exchange associated with the litter covered forest floor was very low with the annual mean daytime flux being 0.4 ± 0.5 ng m−2 h−1 (n = 301). The daytime Hg air/surface exchange over the year oscillated between emission (81% of samples with positive flux) and deposition (19% of samples with negative flux). A seasonal trend of lower emission in the spring and summer (closed canopy) relative to the fall and winter (open canopy) was observed. Correlations were found between the air/surface exchange and certain environmental factors on specific days sampled but not collectively over the entire year. The very low magnitude of Hg air/surface exchange as observed in this study suggests that an improved methodology for determining and reporting emission fluxes is needed when the values of fluxes and chamber blanks are both very low and comparable. This study raises questions and points to a need for more research regarding how to scale the Hg air/surface exchange for surfaces with very low emissions. DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// DO - 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.12.006 VL - 23 IS - 3 SP - 345-355 UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000255047300002&KeyUID=WOS:000255047300002 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mercury emission from terrestrial background surfaces in the eastern USA. II: Air/surface exchange of mercury within forests from South Carolina to New England AU - Kuiken, Todd AU - Gustin, Mae AU - Zhang, Hong AU - Lindberg, Steve AU - Sedinger, Ben T2 - Applied Geochemistry AB - Mercury air/surface exchange was measured over litter-covered soils with low Hg concentrations within various types of forests along the eastern seaboard of the USA. The fieldwork was conducted at six forested sites in state parks in South Carolina, North Carolina, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, New York and Maine from mid-May to early June 2005. The study showed that the Hg air/surface exchange was consistently very low and similar (overall daytime mean flux = 0.2 ± 0.9 ng m−2 h−1, n = 310, for all six sites monitored) with the various forest types. These flux values are comparable with those found in a year-long study in Tennessee (yearly daytime mean = 0.4 ± 0.5 ng m−2 h−1), but lower than many previous flux results reported for background soils. The Hg fluxes at all sites oscillated around zero, with many episodes of deposition (negative fluxes) occurring in both daytime and nighttime. While there were particular days showing significant correlations among the Hg air/surface exchange and certain environmental parameters, perhaps because of the low fluxes encountered, few significant correlations were found for any particular day of sampling between the Hg flux and environmental parameters such as solar radiation, soil temperature, air temperature (little variability seen), relative humidity, and ambient air Hg concentrations. Factors driving the Hg exchange as previously found for enriched soils may not hold for these background litter-covered forest soils. The results suggest that spatial variations of the Hg air/surface exchange were small among these different forest types for this particular time of year. DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// DO - 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.12.007 VL - 23 IS - 3 SP - 356-368 UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000255047300003&KeyUID=WOS:000255047300003 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The lost ark of the covenant: Solving the 2,500 year old mystery of the fabled biblical ark [Review] AU - Orcutt, D. T2 - Library Journal DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// VL - 133 IS - 8 SP - 70-71 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The faith of scientists in their own words AU - Orcutt, D. T2 - Library Journal DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// VL - 133 IS - 17 SP - 74-74 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Disciples of all nations: Pillars of world Christianity [Review] AU - Orcutt, D. T2 - Library Journal DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// VL - 133 IS - 2 SP - 75 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Convergence Culture AU - Orcutt, Darby DA - 2008/4// PY - 2008/4// PB - Resources in Cyberculture Studies UR - http://rccs.usfca.edu/bookinfo.asp?ReviewID=540&BookID=389). ER - TY - JOUR TI - A mended and broken heart: The life and love of Francis of Assisi AU - Orcutt, D. T2 - Library Journal DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// VL - 133 IS - 17 SP - 75-75 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Contests, Grand Prizes, and the Hot Hand AU - McFall, Todd AU - Knoeber, Charles R. AU - Thurman, Walter N. T2 - SSRN Electronic Journal AB - Awarding a grand prize to the player who wins most often in a series of contests links the contests together and makes incentives in the current contest depend upon past performance. A lucky player who wins early faces relatively stronger incentives to exert effort because of his early success. As a consequence early winners are more likely to keep winning through the middle of the series. That is, a grand prize induces a hot hand. We develop this argument and assess it empirically using data from the Professional Golfers' Association Tour, before and after a grand prize, the season-ending Tour Championship, was introduced. DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// DO - 10.2139/ssrn.881562 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Nanotechnology, ethics and the environment AU - Kuzma, J. T2 - Encyclopedia of Environmental Ethics and Philosophy A2 - Callicott, J. Baird A2 - Frodeman, Robert PY - 2008/// PB - Farmington Hills, Mich.: Gale, Cengage Learning ER - TY - CHAP TI - FDA, the environment and ethics AU - Kuzma, J. T2 - Encyclopedia of environmental ethics and philosophy A2 - Callicott, J. Baird A2 - Frodeman, Robert PY - 2008/// PB - Farmington Hills, Mich. : ?b Gale, Cengage Learning ER - TY - JOUR TI - Upstream oversight assessment for agrifood nanotechnology: A case studies approach AU - Kuzma, Jennifer AU - Romanchek, James AU - Kokotovich, Adam T2 - RISK ANALYSIS AB - Although nanotechnology is broadly receiving attention in public and academic circles, oversight issues associated with applications for agriculture and food remain largely unexplored. Agrifood nanotechnology is at a critical stage in which informed analysis can help shape funding priorities, risk assessment, and oversight activities. This analysis is designed to help society and policymakers anticipate and prepare for challenges posed by complicated, convergent applications of agrifood nanotechnology. The goal is to identify data, risk assessment, regulatory policy, and engagement needs for overseeing these products so they can be addressed prior to market entry. Our approach, termed upstream oversight assessment (UOA), has potential as a key element of anticipatory governance. It relies on distinct case studies of proposed applications of agrifood nanotechnology to highlight areas that need study and attention. As a tool for preparation, UOA anticipates the types and features of emerging applications; their endpoints of use in society; the extent to which users, workers, ecosystems, or consumers will be exposed; the nature of the material and its safety; whether and where the technologies might fit into current regulatory system(s); the strengths and weaknesses of the system(s) in light of these novel applications; and the possible social concerns related to oversight for them. DA - 2008/8// PY - 2008/8// DO - 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2008.01071.x VL - 28 IS - 4 SP - 1081-1098 SN - 1539-6924 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-48349093922&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - agriculture KW - food KW - nanotechnology KW - oversight KW - risk ER - TY - JOUR TI - Integrated oversight assessment: A historical case study and multicriteria approach AU - Kuzma, J. AU - Paradise, J. AU - Kim, J. AU - Kokotovich, A. AU - G. Ramachandran, AU - Wolf, S. T2 - Risk Analysis DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// VL - 28 IS - 5 SP - 1179-1195 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluating technology oversight through multiple frameworks: A case study of genetically engineered cotton in India AU - Talukder, K. AU - Kuzma, Jennifer T2 - Science and Public Policy AB - Oversight systems for emerging technologies involve a diversity of institutions, stakeholders, and goals; yet they are usually based upon one or a few perspectives. This paper uses a multi-framework approach to evaluate the oversight system for genetically engineered organisms in India. It uses four established frameworks — policy options, risk assessment, risk management and regulatory oversight — and ethics, to assess strengths and weaknesses of the system. Through the case study, the authors argue that multiple frameworks should be used in the design and evaluation of oversight systems for emerging technologies. DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// DO - 10.3152/030234208x285409 VL - 35 IS - 2 SP - 121-138 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-42949148311&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ethics of risk analysis and regulatory review: From bio- to nanotechnology AU - Kuzma, Jennifer AU - Besley, J.C. T2 - NanoEthics DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// DO - 10.1007/s11569-008-0035-x VL - 2 IS - 2 SP - 149-162 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-53149122089&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Developing oversight frameworks for nanobiotechnology AU - Paradise, J. AU - Wolf, S. AU - Ramachandran, G. AU - Kokkoli, E. AU - Hall, R. AU - J., Kuzma T2 - Minnesota Journal of Law, Science, and Technology DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// VL - 9 IS - 1 SP - 399-416 ER - TY - JOUR TI - An integrated approach to oversight assessment for emerging technologies AU - Kuzma, Jennifer AU - Paradise, Jordan AU - Ramachandran, Gurumurthy AU - Kim, Jee-Ae AU - Kokotovich, Adam AU - Wolf, Susan M. T2 - RISK ANALYSIS AB - Analysis of oversight systems is often conducted from a single disciplinary perspective and by using a limited set of criteria for evaluation. In this article, we develop an approach that blends risk analysis, social science, public administration, legal, public policy, and ethical perspectives to develop a broad set of criteria for assessing oversight systems. Multiple methods, including historical analysis, expert elicitation, and behavioral consensus, were employed to develop multidisciplinary criteria for evaluating oversight of emerging technologies. Sixty‐six initial criteria were identified from extensive literature reviews and input from our Working Group. Criteria were placed in four categories reflecting the development, attributes, evolution, and outcomes of oversight systems. Expert elicitation, consensus methods, and multidisciplinary review of the literature were used to refine a condensed, operative set of criteria. Twenty‐eight criteria resulted spanning four categories: seven development criteria, 15 attribute criteria, five outcome criteria, and one evolution criterion. These criteria illuminate how oversight systems develop, operate, change, and affect society. We term our approach “integrated oversight assessment” and propose its use as a tool for analyzing relationships among features, outcomes, and tradeoffs of oversight systems. Comparisons among historical case studies of oversight using a consistent set of criteria should result in defensible and evidence‐supported lessons to guide the development of oversight systems for emerging technologies, such as nanotechnology. DA - 2008/10// PY - 2008/10// DO - 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2008.01086.x VL - 28 IS - 5 SP - 1197-1219 SN - 1539-6924 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-52649158730&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - expert elicitation KW - multicriteria decision analysis KW - multidisciplinary KW - nanotechnology KW - oversight assessment KW - risk ER - TY - JOUR TI - Transgenes and Transgressions: Scientific Dissent as Heterogeneous Practice AU - Delborne, J.A. T2 - Social Studies of Science AB - Although scholars in science and technology studies have explored many dynamics and consequences of scientific controversy, no coherent theory of scientific dissent has emerged. This paper proposes the elements of such a framework, based on understanding scientific dissent as a set of heterogeneous practices. I use the controversy over the presence of transgenic DNA in Mexican maize in the early 2000s to point to a processual model of scientific dissent. `Contrarian science' includes knowledge claims that challenge the dominant scientific trajectory, but need not necessarily lead to dissent. `Impedance' represents efforts to undermine the credibility of contrarian science (or contrarian scientists) and may originate within or outside of the scientific community. In the face of impedance, contrarian scientists may become dissenters. The actions of the scientist at the center of the case study, Professor Ignacio Chapela of the University of California, Berkeley, demonstrate particular practices of scientific dissent, ranging from `agonistic engagement' to `dissident science'. These practices speak not only to functional strategies of winning scientific debate, but also to attempts to reconfigure relations among scientists, publics, institutions, and politics that order knowledge production. DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// DO - 10.1177/0306312708089716 VL - 38 IS - 4 SP - 509–41 SN - 1460-3659 N1 - winner of 2010 David Edge Prize, Society for Social Studies of Science (4S) RN - winner of 2010 David Edge Prize, Society for Social Studies of Science (4S) KW - agricultural biotechnology KW - contrarian science KW - dissident science KW - genetically modified crops KW - transgene flow ER - TY - JOUR TI - Beyond the Precautionary Principle in Progressive Politics: Toward the Social Regulation of Genetically Modified Organisms AU - Kleinman, D.L. AU - Delborne, J.A. AU - Autry, R. T2 - Tailoring Biotechnologies DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// VL - 4 IS - 1/2 SP - 41–54 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Genetically Modified Organisms AU - Delborne, J. AU - Kinchy, A. J. T2 - Battleground: Science and Technology A2 - Restivo, Sal A2 - Denton, Peter H. PY - 2008/// SP - 182-95 PB - Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press SN - 9780313341649 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The case of the missing marmots: Are metapopulation dynamics or range-wide declines responsible? AU - Griffin, Suzanne C. AU - Taper, Mark L. AU - Hoffman, Roger AU - Mills, L. Scott T2 - BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AB - In the mid-1990s, anecdotal reports of Olympic marmot (Marmota olympus) disappearances from historically occupied locations suggested that the species might be declining. Concern was heightened by the precipitous decline of the Vancouver Island marmot (Marmota vancouverensis), coupled with reports that climate change was affecting other high-elevation species. However, it was unclear whether the Olympic marmot was declining or undergoing natural extinctions and recolonizations; distinguishing between normal metapopulation processes and population declines in naturally fragmented species can be difficult. From 2002–2006, we used multiple approaches to evaluate the population status of the Olympic marmot. We surveyed sites for which there were records indicating regular occupancy in the later half of the 20th century and we conducted range-wide surveys of open high-elevation habitat to establish current and recent distribution. We used these targeted and general habitat surveys to identify locations and regions that have undergone extinctions or colonizations in the past 1–4 decades. Simultaneously, we conducted detailed demographic studies, using marked and radio-tagged marmots, to estimate the observed and projected current population growth rate at nine locations. The habitat surveys indicate that local extinctions have been wide-spread, while no recolonizations were detected. Abundance at most intensive study sites declined from 2002–2006 and the demographic data indicate that these local declines are ongoing. Adult female survival in particular is considerably lower than it was historically. The spatial pattern of the extinctions is inconsistent with observed metapopulation dynamics in other marmot species and, together with very low observed dispersal rates, indicates that population is not at equilibrium. DA - 2008/5// PY - 2008/5// DO - 10.1016/j.biocon.2008.03.001 VL - 141 IS - 5 SP - 1293-1309 SN - 1873-2917 KW - Marmota olympus KW - metapopulation dynamics KW - Olympic marmot KW - Olympic National Park KW - non-equilibrium dynamics ER - TY - JOUR TI - Inferences about ungulate population dynamics derived from age ratios AU - Harris, Nyeema C. AU - Kauffman, Matthew J. AU - Mills, L. Scott T2 - JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT AB - Abstract: Age ratios (e.g., calf:cow for elk and fawn:doe for deer) are used regularly to monitor ungulate populations. However, it remains unclear what inferences are appropriate from this index because multiple vital rate changes can influence the observed ratio. We used modeling based on elk ( Cervus elaphus ) life‐history to evaluate both how age ratios are influenced by stage‐specific fecundity and survival and how well age ratios track population dynamics. Although all vital rates have the potential to influence calf:adult female ratios (i.e., calf:cow ratios), calf survival explained the vast majority of variation in calf:adult female ratios due to its temporal variation compared to other vital rates. Calf:adult female ratios were positively correlated with population growth rate (Λ) and often successfully indicated population trajectories. However, calf:adult female ratios performed poorly at detecting imposed declines in calf survival, suggesting that only the most severe declines would be rapidly detected. Our analyses clarify that managers can use accurate, unbiased age ratios to monitor arguably the most important components contributing to sustainable ungulate populations, survival rate of young and Λ. However, age ratios are not useful for detecting gradual declines in survival of young or making inferences about fecundity or adult survival in ungulate populations. Therefore, age ratios coupled with independent estimates of population growth or population size are necessary to monitor ungulate population demography and dynamics closely through time. DA - 2008/7// PY - 2008/7// DO - 10.2193/2007-277 VL - 72 IS - 5 SP - 1143-1151 SN - 1937-2817 KW - age ratios KW - Cervus elaphus KW - elk KW - indices KW - life-stage simulation analysis KW - monitoring KW - population growth rate KW - recruitment KW - sensitivity analysis KW - survival KW - ungulate ER - TY - JOUR TI - Designing fecal pellet surveys for snowshoe hares AU - Hodges, K. E. AU - Mills, L. S. T2 - FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT AB - Index methods can be valuable for monitoring forest-dwelling vertebrates over broad spatial or temporal scales. Fecal pellet counts are often used as an index of density or habitat use of snowshoe hares, Lepus americanus, but previous surveys have used different plot types and sample sizes, leading to problems comparing results from different studies and questions about the inferential power of each study. In this paper, we use field data and simulations to examine how the precision, bias, and efficiency of four commonly used plot types vary with plot type, pellet density, and sample size. Although no one plot type was consistently superior, we recommend thin rectangles (5.08 cm × 305 cm (2 in. × 10 ft), 0.155 m2) or 1 m2 circles over 0.155 m2 circles or 10 cm × 10 m (1 m2) rectangles. We recommend that researchers explicitly address the power of their survey design to detect different pellet densities, because much larger sample sizes are needed at low pellet densities than at high pellet densities to obtain similar precision. Small sample sizes are also much more likely to be biased, which could lead to incorrect inferences about management of snowshoe hare populations. Both uncleared and cleared plots performed well and will have value in different research contexts. DA - 2008/11/20/ PY - 2008/11/20/ DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.07.015 VL - 256 IS - 11 SP - 1918-1926 SN - 1872-7042 KW - Abundance index KW - Fecal pellet plots KW - Lepus americanus KW - Monte Carlo simulations KW - Negative binomial KW - Snowshoe hare KW - Survey design ER - TY - JOUR TI - Optimising methods for monitoring programs: Olympic marmots as a case study AU - Witczuk, Julia AU - Pagacz, Stanislaw AU - Mills, L. Scott T2 - WILDLIFE RESEARCH AB - Monitoring of rare and declining species is one of the most important tasks of wildlife managers. Here we present a large-scale, long-term monitoring program for Olympic marmot (Marmota olympus) throughout its range across a logistically challenging mountainous park. Our multiple-stage process of survey design accounts for the difficulty imposed by access to remote habitats and funding constraints. The Olympic marmot is endemic to the Olympic Mountains, Washington State, USA. Although nearly all of its range is enclosed within Olympic National Park, declines and local extirpations of the species have been documented. We considered several possible alternative survey approaches, and propose a monitoring program designed to reflect extinction–recolonisation dynamics using presence–absence data. The sampling design is based on annual surveys of a set of at least 25 randomly selected clusters (closely located groups of sites with record of current or historical occupancy by marmots), and supplemented by sampling 15 never-occupied sites to test for new colonisations. The monitoring plan provides a framework that park managers can use for assessing changes over time in Olympic marmot distribution across the range of the species. Our sampling design may serve as a useful case study for establishing monitoring programs for other species with clumped distributions. DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// DO - 10.1071/wr07187 VL - 35 IS - 8 SP - 788-797 SN - 1035-3712 KW - Marmota olympus KW - occupancy KW - Olympic National Park KW - presence-absence ER - TY - JOUR TI - Crossing disciplines for endangered Species (review of Scott, J. Michael, Dale D. Goble, and Frank W. Davis, editors. 2006. The Endangered Species Act at thirty. Conserving Biodiversity in Human-dominated Landscape) AU - Mills, L. S. T2 - Ecology AB - EcologyVolume 89, Issue 2 p. 592-593 Book Review Scott, Goble, and Davis — The Endangered Species Act at thirty. Conserving Biodiversity in Human-dominated Landscapes. Volume 2 CROSSING DISCIPLINES FOR ENDANGERED SPECIES L. Scott Mills, L. Scott Mills University of Montana, Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, College of Forestry and Conservation, Missoula, Montana 59812 E-mail: lscott.mills@montana.eduSearch for more papers by this author L. Scott Mills, L. Scott Mills University of Montana, Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, College of Forestry and Conservation, Missoula, Montana 59812 E-mail: lscott.mills@montana.eduSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 February 2008 https://doi.org/10.1890/BR08-11.1Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume89, Issue2February 2008Pages 592-593 RelatedInformation DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// DO - 10.1890/br08-11.1 VL - 89 SP - 592-593 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Identity, community, and risk: Some constitutive consequences of environmental melodrama AU - Kinsella, W. T2 - Environmental Communication DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// VL - 2 IS - 1 SP - 90-93 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Forum: Narratives, rhetorical genres, and environmental conflict: Responses to Schwarze's "Environmental melodrama" AU - Kinsella, W. T2 - Environmental Communication DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// VL - 2 IS - 1 SP - 78-109 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Teaching and librarianship: A winning combination AU - Orcutt, D. T2 - Thinking outside the book: Essays for innovative librarians PY - 2008/// SP - 87-89 PB - Jefferson, NC: McFarland SN - 0786435755 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life [Review] AU - Orcutt, D. T2 - Choice DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// DO - 10.5860/choice.45-4326 VL - 45 IS - 8 SP - 1354-1355 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Love on the racks: A history of American romance comics [Review] AU - Orcutt, D. T2 - Choice DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// DO - 10.5860/choice.46-1306 VL - 46 IS - 3 SP - 504 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Learning to review, reviewing to learn AU - Orcutt, D. T2 - Thinking outside the book: Essays for innovative librarians PY - 2008/// SP - 247-249 PB - Jefferson, NC: McFarland SN - 0786435755 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Convergence culture: Where old and new media collide [Review] AU - Orcutt, D. T2 - Resource Center for Cyberculture Studies DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// VL - ER - TY - JOUR TI - Church-state issues in America today: v.1: Religion and government; v.2: Religion, family, and education; v.3: Religious convictions and practices in public life [Review] AU - Orcutt, D. T2 - Choice DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// DO - 10.5860/choice.46-0219 VL - 46 IS - 1 SP - 111 ER - TY - PAT TI - Lactobacillus acidophilus nucleic acid sequences encoding carbohydrate utilization-related proteins and uses therefor AU - Klaenhammer, T. R. AU - Altermann, E. AU - Barrangou, R. AU - Russell, W. M. AU - Duong, T. C2 - 2008/// DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Similarity and functional analyses of expressed parasitism genes in Heterodera schachtii and Heterodera glycines AU - Patel, N. AU - Hamamouch, N. AU - Li, C. Y. AU - Hussey, R. AU - Mitchum, M. AU - Baum, T. AU - Wang, X. H. AU - Davis, E. L. T2 - Journal of Nematology DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// VL - 40 IS - 4 SP - 299-310 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Rotation with corn and soybean for management of Meloidogyne incognita in cotton AU - Koenning, S. R. AU - Edmisten, K. L. T2 - Journal of Nematology DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// VL - 40 IS - 4 SP - 258-265 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Grain yield and fusarium ear rot of maize hybrids developed from lines with varying levels of resistance AU - Eller, M.S. AU - Robertson-Hoyt, L.A. AU - Payne, G.A. AU - Holland, J.B. T2 - Maydica DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// VL - 53 IS - 1-4 SP - 231-237 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77956931980&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Prediction of wood density breeding values of Pinus taeda elite parents from unbalanced data: A method for adjustment of site and age effects using common checklots AU - Isik, Fikret AU - Li, Bailian AU - Goldfarb, Barry AU - McKeand, Steve T2 - ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE AB - • Wood density of elite parents of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) was investigated in 6 to 18 year-old progeny trials. The sampling was carried out separately in seven testing regions in the southeastern US. A checklot was the only connection between elite parents planted at different trials in a testing region. • We used a data normalization method suggested for unbalanced designs in cDNA microarray experiments to remove confounding site and age effects using the checklot as a reference sample. Wood density breeding values of parents were predicted by fitting a linear mixed model to the normalized data. • Using the reference samples to remove site and age effects appears to be an effective method for analysis of unbalanced progeny tests data. In general, wood density (kg/m3) decreased from coastal to inland plantings and from the southern to the northern planting. Considerable genetic variation for wood density was detected among these fast-growing elite parents in six of seven testing regions, with half-sib family mean heritabilities ranging from 0.71 to 0.97 within a testing region. With the exception of two regions, checklots were stable across trials in a region, based on regressing the checklot means on trial means. DA - 2008/6// PY - 2008/6// DO - 10.1051/forest:2008018 VL - 65 IS - 4 SP - SN - 1286-4560 KW - loblolly pine KW - reference sample KW - data normalization KW - genetic variation KW - heritability ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fusing spatial resource heterogeneity with a competition-colonization trade-off in model communities AU - Gross, Kevin T2 - THEORETICAL ECOLOGY DA - 2008/6// PY - 2008/6// DO - 10.1007/s12080-007-0005-x VL - 1 IS - 2 SP - 65-75 SN - 1874-1746 KW - Biodiversity KW - Dispersal KW - Resource competition KW - Spatial dynamics ER - TY - JOUR TI - Analysis of cellulose microfibril angle using a linear mixed model in Pinus taeda clones AU - Isik, Fikret AU - Gumpertz, Marcia AU - Li, Bailian AU - Goldfarb, Barry AU - Sun, Xuan T2 - CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH AB - Variation in microfibril angle (MFA) (degrees) among loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda L.) full-sib families and clones was investigated using 43 clones from nine full-sib crosses tested at two locations. When the experiments were 12 years old, a total of 316 trees were drilled and 12 mm thick wood increment cores were collected. MFA for each growth ring in the wood core was measured using the SilviScan-2 tool. A quadratic mixed model was fitted to evaluate the MFA variation over different rings. Among the error covariance structures tested in the model, autoregressive order 1 was the best model for producing MFA estimates with the smallest errors. Estimated MFA was about 33° in the pith (ring 1) of the trees and decreased to 18° in the outer wood (ring 11). Full-sib crosses and clones within crosses explained about 12.5% of the total phenotypic variation. Repeatability of full-sib family means (H 2 f = 0.46) was moderate but repeatability of clone means was high (H 2 c = 0.79). Although it is possible to improve (decrease) MFA with recurrent selection in tree improvement programs to improve lumber quality, cost efficient and rapid methods for measuring MFA are needed. DA - 2008/6// PY - 2008/6// DO - 10.1139/X08-010 VL - 38 IS - 6 SP - 1676-1689 SN - 1208-6037 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Construction and characterization of mutant Dengue2 virus vaccine candidates displaying a host-range phenotype AU - Smith, K. M. AU - Nanda, K. AU - Slominski, C. J. AU - Hernandez, R. AU - Brown, D. T. AU - Thomas, M. E. T2 - Vaccine DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - CREATING APPROPRIATE GRAPHICS FOR BUSINESS SITUATIONS AU - Katz, Susan M. T2 - BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION QUARTERLY AB - CHARTS AND GRAPHS are ubiquitous in business documents, and most students in my business communication courses are well aware that they need to be able to create many different types of data representation. Most of them have had a great deal of experience working with spreadsheet applications, and they know how to manipulate data and present them in the various forms permitted by their software. However, they don’t always understand how to make the most appropriate choice among those forms for a particular situation. For example, they often use a pie chart when a bar graph would be more informative or a bar graph when a line graph would make the data’s meaning more obvious. DA - 2008/3// PY - 2008/3// DO - 10.1177/1080569907312877 VL - 71 IS - 1 SP - 71-75 SN - 2329-4922 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Rhetorical gamesmanship in the nano debates over sunscreens and nanoparticles AU - Berube, David M. T2 - JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH AB - Communication of risk profiles associated with sunscreens incorporating nanoparticles has been challenging when some communicators shift risk profiles from highly problematic nanoparticles to others, which are much less problematic. This article vets a popular publication from a civic advocacy group that cited scientific research papers to make environmental health and safety claims. The phenomenon of risk profile shifts is demonstrated by re-examining the scientific articles being cited. In addition, the authors for correspondence for each of the articles cited were interviewed via email and their comments about the claims made are included. DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// DO - 10.1007/s11051-008-9362-7 VL - 10 SP - 23-37 SN - 1572-896X KW - Nanotechnology KW - Nanoparticles KW - Sunscreens KW - Titanium dioxide KW - Zinc oxide KW - Background KW - Literature review KW - Literature survey KW - Environmental health and safety (EHS) KW - Risk communication KW - Risk profile shifts KW - Governance KW - Societal implications ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hormonal regulation of metamorphosis and reproduction in ticks AU - Roe, R. M. AU - Donohue, K. V. AU - Khalil, S. M. S. AU - Sonenshine, D. E. T2 - Frontiers in Bioscience DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// VL - 13 SP - 7250-7268 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bursaphelenchus rufipennis n. sp (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchinae) and redescription of Ektaphelenchus obtusus (Nematoda: Ektaphelenchinae), associates from nematangia on the hind wings of Dendroctonus rufipennis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) AU - Kanzaki, Natsumi AU - Giblin-Davis, Robin M. AU - Cardoza, Yasmin J. AU - Ye, Weimin AU - Raffa, Kenneth F. AU - Center, Barbara J. T2 - NEMATOLOGY AB - Abstract Two species of aphelench, Bursaphelenchus rufipennis n. sp. and Ektaphelenchus obtusus, were isolated from the 'nematangia', cocoon-like structures found at the base of the hind wings of Dendroctonus rufipennis. The nematangia contained adult females of E. obtusus and the dauer juveniles of B. rufipennis n. sp. Only B. rufipennis n. sp. could be cultured on Monilinia fructicola on LGPDA (lactic acid-treated, glycerol-supplemented, potato dextrose agar). The new species of Bursaphelenchus is described and figured and some additional morphological characters are ascribed to E. obtusus, E. josephi, E. sandiaensis, E. smaelus (= E. prolobos) and E. terebranus after examination of type and/or voucher specimens. Bursaphelenchus rufipennis n. sp. has an adult body length of ca 500-1000 μm, medium a ratios (ca 25-38 for females and ca 30-40 for males), b ratios of ca 8-13 (female) and 7-11 (male), c ratios of ca 15-22 (female and male), c′ ratios of ca 3-4 (female) and ca 2-3 (male), and is characterised by three incisures in the lateral field, mitten-shaped spicules and a conical female tail that curves ventrally and possesses a variable tail tip. The new species is morphologically closest to B. corneolus, B. curvicaudatus, B. gerberae, B. paracorneolus and B. talonus. Morphological examination of type and/or voucher specimens of five Ektaphelenchus species revealed coarse transverse body annulation and three pairs of male caudal papillae (except for the two species where males are not described). Clear typological differences were observed among these five Ektaphelenchus species in the structure of the lip region, presence/absence of stylet knobs and male spicule morphology. Although these characters have not been consistently documented in the past, they may be diagnostic for species in the genus. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on SSU and D2/D3 LSU sequences revealed that B. rufipennis n. sp. was closest to B. paracorneolus and that E. obtusus was closest to species of Ektaphelenchoides and a Cryptaphelenchus sp. DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// DO - 10.1163/156854108786161517 VL - 10 SP - 925-955 SN - 1388-5545 KW - description KW - molecular KW - morphology KW - morphometrics KW - new species KW - phylogeny KW - taxonomy ER - TY - JOUR TI - The movement ecology and dynamics of plant communities in fragmented landscapes AU - Damschen, Ellen I. AU - Brudvig, Lars A. AU - Haddad, Nick M. AU - Levey, Douglas J. AU - Orrock, John L. AU - Tewksbury, Joshua J. T2 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AB - A conceptual model of movement ecology has recently been advanced to explain all movement by considering the interaction of four elements: internal state, motion capacity, navigation capacities, and external factors. We modified this framework to generate predictions for species richness dynamics of fragmented plant communities and tested them in experimental landscapes across a 7-year time series. We found that two external factors, dispersal vectors and habitat features, affected species colonization and recolonization in habitat fragments and their effects varied and depended on motion capacity. Bird-dispersed species richness showed connectivity effects that reached an asymptote over time, but no edge effects, whereas wind-dispersed species richness showed steadily accumulating edge and connectivity effects, with no indication of an asymptote. Unassisted species also showed increasing differences caused by connectivity over time, whereas edges had no effect. Our limited use of proxies for movement ecology (e.g., dispersal mode as a proxy for motion capacity) resulted in moderate predictive power for communities and, in some cases, highlighted the importance of a more complete understanding of movement ecology for predicting how landscape conservation actions affect plant community dynamics. DA - 2008/12/9/ PY - 2008/12/9/ DO - 10.1073/pnas.0802037105 VL - 105 IS - 49 SP - 19078-19083 SN - 0027-8424 KW - corridors KW - dispersal KW - diversity KW - life-history traits KW - species richness ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hydrogenesis in hyperthermophilic microorganisms: Implications for biofuels AU - Chou, Chung-Jung AU - Jenney, Francis E., Jr. AU - Adams, Michael W. W. AU - Kelly, Robert M. T2 - METABOLIC ENGINEERING AB - Hydrothermal microbiotopes are characterized by the consumption and production of molecular hydrogen. Heterotrophic hyperthermophilic microorganisms (growth T(opt)> or =80 degrees C) actively participate in the production of H(2) in these environments through the fermentation of peptides and carbohydrates. Hyperthermophiles have been shown to approach the theoretical (Thauer) limit of 4 mol of H(2) produced per mole of glucose equivalent consumed, albeit at lower volumetric productivities than observed for mesophilic bacteria, especially enterics and clostridia. Potential advantages for biohydrogen production at elevated temperatures include fewer metabolic byproducts formed, absence of catabolic repression for growth on heterogeneous biomass substrates, and reduced loss of H(2) through conversion to H(2)S and CH(4) by mesophilic consortia containing sulfate reducers and methanogens. To fully exploit the use of these novel microorganisms and their constituent hydrogenases for biohydrogen production, development of versatile genetic systems and improvements in current understanding of electron flux from fermentable substrates to H(2) in hyperthermophiles are needed. DA - 2008/11// PY - 2008/11// DO - 10.1016/j.ymben.2008.06.007 VL - 10 IS - 6 SP - 394-404 SN - 1096-7184 KW - Biohydrogen KW - Pyrococcus furiosus KW - Thermotoga maritima KW - Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus KW - Hyperthermophiles KW - Hydrogenases ER - TY - JOUR TI - Finding the corridor more traveled AU - Haddad, Nick M. T2 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AB - As wildlands give way to an expanding human footprint, scientists and land managers have struggled to develop land conservation strategies that protect biodiversity. A favored strategy is to connect large habitat areas with landscape corridors (1–3). Yet, the scientific question remains: Do corridors actually work to promote dispersal and conserve biodiversity? In this issue of PNAS, Gillies and St. Clair's (4) answer this question with a clever behavioral experiment that offers new insights into the circumstances under which corridors benefit species. DA - 2008/12/16/ PY - 2008/12/16/ DO - 10.1073/pnas.0810867106 VL - 105 IS - 50 SP - 19569-19570 SN - 0027-8424 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A Comparison of leaf appearance rates among teosinte, maize landraces and modern maize AU - Van Esbroeck, G. A. AU - Corral, J. A. R. AU - Gonzalez, J. J. S. AU - Holland, J. B. T2 - Maydica DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// VL - 53 IS - 2 SP - 117-123 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Together with technology: Writing review, enculturation, and technological mediation AU - Swarts, Jason DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// DO - 10.2190/twt PB - Amityville, NY: Baywood Publishing SN - 0895033623 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Information technologies as discursive agents: Methodological implications for the empirical study of knowledge work AU - Swarts, Jason T2 - Journal of Technical Writing and Communication AB - Work activities that are mediated by information rely on the production of discourse-based objects of work. Designs, evaluations, and conditions are all objects that originate and materialize in discourse. They are created and maintained through the coordinated efforts of human and non-human agents. Genres help foster such coordination from the top down, by providing guidance to create and recreate discourse objects of recurring social value. From where, however, does coordination emerge in more ad hoc discursive activities, where the work objects are novel, unknown, or unstable? In these situations, coordination emerges from simple discursive operations, reliably mediated by information and communication technologies (ICTs) that appear to act as discursive agents. This article theorizes the discursive agency of ICTs, explores the discursive operations they mediate, and the coordination that emerges. The article also offers and models a study methodology for the empirical observation of such interactions. DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// DO - 10.2190/tw.38.4.b VL - 38 IS - 4 SP - 301-329 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-68149180950&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cellulose Binding Protein from the Parasitic Nematode Heterodera schachtii Interacts with Arabidopsis Pectin Methylesterase: Cooperative Cell Wall Modification during Parasitism AU - Hewezi, Tarek AU - Howe, Peter AU - Maier, Tom R. AU - Hussey, Richard S. AU - Mitchum, Melissa Goellner AU - Davis, Eric L. AU - Baum, Thomas J. T2 - PLANT CELL AB - Abstract Plant–parasitic cyst nematodes secrete a complex of cell wall–digesting enzymes, which aid in root penetration and migration. The soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines also produces a cellulose binding protein (Hg CBP) secretory protein. To determine the function of CBP, an orthologous cDNA clone (Hs CBP) was isolated from the sugar beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii, which is able to infect Arabidopsis thaliana. CBP is expressed only in the early phases of feeding cell formation and not during the migratory phase. Transgenic Arabidopsis expressing Hs CBP developed longer roots and exhibited enhanced susceptibility to H. schachtii. A yeast two-hybrid screen identified Arabidopsis pectin methylesterase protein 3 (PME3) as strongly and specifically interacting with Hs CBP. Transgenic plants overexpressing PME3 also produced longer roots and exhibited increased susceptibility to H. schachtii, while a pme3 knockout mutant showed opposite phenotypes. Moreover, CBP overexpression increases PME3 activity in planta. Localization studies support the mode of action of PME3 as a cell wall–modifying enzyme. Expression of CBP in the pme3 knockout mutant revealed that PME3 is required but not the sole mechanism for CBP overexpression phenotype. These data indicate that CBP directly interacts with PME3 thereby activating and potentially targeting this enzyme to aid cyst nematode parasitism. DA - 2008/11// PY - 2008/11// DO - 10.1105/tpc.108.063065 VL - 20 IS - 11 SP - 3080-3093 SN - 1532-298X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Disrupted female reproductive physiology following neonatal exposure to phytoestrogens or estrogen specific ligands is associated with decreased GnRH activation and kisspeptin fiber density in the hypothalamus AU - Bateman, Heather L. AU - Patisaul, Heather B. T2 - NEUROTOXICOLOGY AB - It is well established that estrogen administration during neonatal development can advance pubertal onset and prevent the maintenance of regular estrous cycles in female rats. This treatment paradigm also eliminates the preovulatory rise of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). It remains unclear, however, through which of the two primary forms of the estrogen receptor (ERalpha or ERbeta) this effect is mediated. It is also unclear whether endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) can produce similar effects. Here we compared the effect of neonatal exposure to estradiol benzoate (EB), the ERalpha specific agonist 1,3,5-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-propyl-1H-pyrazole (PPT), the ERbeta specific agonist diarylpropionitrile (DPN) and the naturally occurring EDCs genistein (GEN) and equol (EQ) on pubertal onset, estrous cyclicity, GnRH activation, and kisspeptin content in the anteroventral periventricular (AVPV) and arcuate (ARC) nuclei. Vaginal opening was significantly advanced by EB and GEN. By 10 weeks post-puberty, irregular estrous cycles were observed in all groups except the control group. GnRH activation, as measured by the percentage of immunopositive GnRH neurons that were also immunopositive for Fos, was significantly lower in all treatment groups except the DPN group compared to the control group. GnRH activation was absent in the PPT group. These data suggest that neonatal exposure to EDCs can suppress GnRH activity in adulthood, and that ERalpha plays a pivotal role in this process. Kisspeptins (KISS) have recently been characterized to be potent stimulators of GnRH secretion. Therefore we quantified the density of KISS immunolabeled fibers in the AVPV and ARC. In the AVPV, KISS fiber density was significantly lower in the EB and GEN groups compared to the control group but only in the EB and PPT groups in the ARC. The data suggest that decreased stimulation of GnRH neurons by KISS could be a mechanism by which EDCs can impair female reproductive function. DA - 2008/11// PY - 2008/11// DO - 10.1016/j.neuro.2008.06.008 VL - 29 IS - 6 SP - 988-997 SN - 1872-9711 KW - Genistein KW - Equal KW - Soy KW - Isoflavones KW - Gonadotropin KW - Puberty KW - Development KW - Endocrine disruption KW - DPN KW - PPT ER - TY - JOUR TI - Detection of Quantitative Trait Loci and Inheritance of Root-knot Nematode Resistance in Sweetpotato AU - Cervantes-Flores, Jim C. AU - Yencho, G. Craig AU - Pecota, Kenneth V. AU - Sosinski, Bryon AU - Mwanga, Robert O.M. T2 - Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science AB - Resistance to root-knot nematodes [ Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood] in sweetpotato [ Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] was studied in a mapping population consisting of 240 progeny derived from a cross between ‘Beauregard’, the predominant cultivar in the United States, and ‘Tanzania’, an African landrace. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analyses to locate markers associated with resistance to root-knot nematodes (RKN) were performed using genetic maps based on parental segregation in ‘Beauregard’ and ‘Tanzania’ consisting of 726 and 947 single-dose amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers, respectively. RKN resistance in the progeny was highly skewed with most of the progeny exhibiting medium to high levels of resistance. Single-point analysis of variance and interval mapping revealed seven consistently significant QTL in ‘Tanzania’ and two significant QTL in ‘Beauregard’. In ‘Tanzania’, three QTL were associated with reduction in resistance as measured by the number of RKN egg masses and explained ≈20% of the variation. Another four QTL had positive effects on resistance and explained ≈21% of the variation. Other minor QTL explained ≈2% or less of the variation but were not always consistent across geographical locations. In ‘Beauregard’, two QTL had positive effects on RKN resistance and explained ≈6% of the observed variation. Based on molecular and phenotypic data, RKN resistance in sweetpotato is hypothesized to be conferred by several genes, but at least nine AFLP markers (seven from ‘Tanzania’ and two from ‘Beauregard’) are associated with genomic regions that have the biggest effect in the number of egg masses of RKN produced in the root system. DA - 2008/11// PY - 2008/11// DO - 10.21273/jashs.133.6.844 VL - 133 IS - 6 SP - 844-851 KW - Ipomoea batatas KW - Meloidogyne incognita KW - RKN KW - quantitative trait loci ER - TY - JOUR TI - Identification of Components of Electron Transport Chains in the Extremely Thermoacidophilic Crenarchaeon Metallosphaera sedula through Iron and Sulfur Compound Oxidation Transcriptomes AU - Auernik, Kathryne S. AU - Kelly, Robert M. T2 - APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY AB - ABSTRACT The crenarchaeal order Sulfolobales collectively contain at least five major terminal oxidase complexes. Based on genome sequence information, all five complexes are found only in Metallosphaera sedula and Sulfolobus tokodaii , the two sequenced Sulfolobales capable of iron oxidization. While specific respiratory complexes in certain Sulfolobales have been characterized previously as proton pumps for maintaining intracellular pH and generating proton motive force, their contribution to sulfur and iron biooxidation has not been considered. For M. sedula growing in the presence of ferrous iron and reduced inorganic sulfur compounds (RISCs), global transcriptional analysis was used to track the response of specific genes associated with these complexes, as well as other known and putative respiratory electron transport chain elements. Open reading frames from all five terminal oxidase or bc 1 -like complexes were stimulated on one or more conditions tested. Components of the fox (Msed0467 to Msed0489) and soxNL - cbsABA (Msed0500 to Msed0505) terminal/quinol oxidase clusters were triggered by ferrous iron, while the soxABCDD ′ terminal oxidase cluster (Msed0285 to Msed0291) were induced by tetrathionate and S 0 . Chemolithotrophic electron transport elements, including a putative tetrathionate hydrolase (Msed0804), a novel polysulfide/sulfur/dimethyl sulfoxide reductase-like complex (Msed0812 to Msed0818), and a novel heterodisulfide reductase-like complex (Msed1542 to Msed1550), were also stimulated by RISCs. Furthermore, several hypothetical proteins were found to have strong responses to ferrous iron or RISCs, suggesting additional candidates in iron or sulfur oxidation-related pathways. From this analysis, a comprehensive model for electron transport in M. sedula could be proposed as the basis for examining specific details of iron and sulfur oxidation in this bioleaching archaeon. DA - 2008/12// PY - 2008/12// DO - 10.1128/AEM.01545-08 VL - 74 IS - 24 SP - 7723-7732 SN - 1098-5336 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Report of the AJAE Editors for 2007 AU - Dorfman, Jeffrey AU - Lichtenberg, Erik AU - Preckel, Paul AU - Thurman, Walter T2 - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AB - American Journal of Agricultural EconomicsVolume 90, Issue 5 p. 1367-1374 AAEA Busines Report of the AJAE Editors for 2007 Jeffrey Dorfman, Jeffrey DorfmanSearch for more papers by this authorErik Lichtenberg, Erik LichtenbergSearch for more papers by this authorPaul Preckel, Paul PreckelSearch for more papers by this authorWalter Thurman, Walter ThurmanSearch for more papers by this author Jeffrey Dorfman, Jeffrey DorfmanSearch for more papers by this authorErik Lichtenberg, Erik LichtenbergSearch for more papers by this authorPaul Preckel, Paul PreckelSearch for more papers by this authorWalter Thurman, Walter ThurmanSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 December 2008 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8276.2008.01233.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Volume90, Issue5December 2008Pages 1367-1374 RelatedInformation DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// DO - 10.1111/j.1467-8276.2008.01233.x VL - 90 IS - 5 SP - 1367-1374 SN - 0002-9092 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Basing population genetic inferences and models of molecular evolution upon desired stationary distributions of DNA or protein sequences AU - Choi, Sang Chul AU - Redelings, Benjamin D. AU - Thorne, Jeffrey L. T2 - PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AB - Models of molecular evolution tend to be overly simplistic caricatures of biology that are prone to assigning high probabilities to biologically implausible DNA or protein sequences. Here, we explore how to construct time-reversible evolutionary models that yield stationary distributions of sequences that match given target distributions. By adopting comparatively realistic target distributions, evolutionary models can be improved. Instead of focusing on estimating parameters, we concentrate on the population genetic implications of these models. Specifically, we obtain estimates of the product of effective population size and relative fitness difference of alleles. The approach is illustrated with two applications to protein-coding DNA. In the first, a codon-based evolutionary model yields a stationary distribution of sequences, which, when the sequences are translated, matches a variable-length Markov model trained on human proteins. In the second, we introduce an insertion–deletion model that describes selectively neutral evolutionary changes to DNA. We then show how to modify the neutral model so that its stationary distribution at the amino acid level can match a profile hidden Markov model, such as the one associated with the Pfam database. DA - 2008/12/27/ PY - 2008/12/27/ DO - 10.1098/rstb.2008.0167 VL - 363 IS - 1512 SP - 3931-3939 SN - 0962-8436 KW - variable-length Markov model KW - profile hidden Markov model KW - insertion-deletion model KW - scaled selection coefficient KW - fitness KW - Pfam ER - TY - JOUR TI - BREEDING FOR IMPROVED RESISTANCE TO FUMONISIN CONTAMINATION IN MAIZE AU - Eller, Magen S. AU - Holland, James B. AU - Payne, Gary A. T2 - TOXIN REVIEWS AB - Maize grain infected by Fusarium verticillioides may contain the mycotoxin fumonisin, which is associated with livestock and human diseases. To reduce levels of fumonisin in grain, efforts are under way to identify sources of maize with increased resistance to fungal infection and fumonisin contamination. Field and laboratory techniques have been developed to measure both Fusarium ear rot and fumonisin contamination. Application of these techniques has led to the identification of resistant maize lines and facilitated genetic analysis of resistance to ear rot and fumonisin accumulation. Maize genetics and breeding studies are guiding strategies to improve resistance to fumonisin accumulation. DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// DO - 10.1080/15569540802450326 VL - 27 IS - 3-4 SP - 371-389 SN - 1556-9551 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77956939673&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Quantitative Trait Loci KW - fumonisin KW - Fusarium verticillioides ER - TY - JOUR TI - A Killer-Rescue system for self-limiting gene drive of anti-pathogen constructs AU - Gould, Fred AU - Huang, Yunxin AU - Legros, Mathieu AU - Lloyd, Alun L. T2 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AB - A number of genetic mechanisms have been suggested for driving anti-pathogen genes into natural populations. Each of these mechanisms requires complex genetic engineering, and most are theoretically expected to permanently spread throughout the target species' geographical range. In the near term, risk issues and technical limits of molecular methods could delay the development and use of these mechanisms. We propose a gene-drive mechanism that can be self-limiting over time and space, and is simpler to build. This mechanism involves one gene that codes for toxicity (killer) and a second that confers immunity to the toxic effects (rescue). We use population-genetic models to explore cases with one or two independent insertions of the killer gene and one insertion of the rescue gene. We vary the dominance and penetrance of gene action, as well as the magnitude of fitness costs. Even with the fitness costs of 10 per cent for each gene, the proportion of mosquitoes expected to transmit the pathogen decreases below 5 per cent for over 40 generations after one 2:1 release (engineered:wild) or after four 1:2 releases. Both the killer and rescue genes will be lost from the population over time, if the rescue construct has any associated fitness cost. Molecular approaches for constructing strains are discussed. DA - 2008/12/22/ PY - 2008/12/22/ DO - 10.1098/rspb.2008.0846 VL - 275 IS - 1653 SP - 2823-2829 SN - 0962-8452 UR - https://publons.com/publon/8709314/ KW - gene drive KW - selfish genes KW - Aedes KW - Anopheles KW - dengue KW - malaria ER - TY - JOUR TI - The faith of scientists in their own words AU - Orcutt, D. T2 - Library Journal DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// VL - 133 IS - 17 SP - 74-74 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Rates of nucleotide substitution in Cornaceae (Cornales)-Pattern of variation and underlying causal factors AU - Xiang, Qiu-Yun AU - Thorne, Jeffrey L. AU - Seo, Tae-Kun AU - Zhang, Wenheng AU - Thomas, David T. AU - Ricklefs, Robert E. T2 - MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION AB - Identifying causes of genetic divergence is a central goal in evolutionary biology. Although rates of nucleotide substitution vary among taxa and among genes, the causes of this variation tend to be poorly understood. In the present study, we examined the rate and pattern of molecular evolution for five DNA regions over a phylogeny of Cornus, the single genus of Cornaceae. To identify evolutionary mechanisms underlying the molecular variation, we employed Bayesian methods to estimate divergence times and to infer how absolute rates of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions and their ratios change over time. We found that the rates vary among genes, lineages, and through time, and differences in mutation rates, selection type and intensity, and possibly genetic drift all contributed to the variation of substitution rates observed among the major lineages of Cornus. We applied independent contrast analysis to explore whether speciation rates are linked to rates of molecular evolution. The results showed no relationships for individual genes, but suggested a possible localized link between species richness and rate of nonsynonymous nucleotide substitution for the combined cpDNA regions. Furthermore, we detected a positive correlation between rates of molecular evolution and morphological change in Cornus. This was particularly pronounced in the dwarf dogwood lineage, in which genome-wide acceleration in both molecular and morphological evolution has likely occurred. DA - 2008/10// PY - 2008/10// DO - 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.07.010 VL - 49 IS - 1 SP - 327-342 SN - 1095-9513 KW - Comus KW - Cornaceae KW - Divergence time KW - Rate of molecular evolution KW - Rate of morphological evolution KW - Speciation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Positive interactions among competitors can produce species-rich communities AU - Gross, Kevin T2 - ECOLOGY LETTERS AB - Although positive interactions between species are well documented, most ecological theory for investigating multispecies coexistence remains rooted in antagonistic interactions such as competition and predation. Standard resource-competition models from this theory predict that the number of coexisting species should not exceed the number of factors that limit population growth. Here I show that positive interactions among resource competitors can produce species-rich model communities supported by a single limiting resource. Simulations show that when resource competitors reduce each others' per capita mortality rate (e.g. by ameliorating an abiotic stress), stable multispecies coexistence with a single resource may be common, even while the net interspecific interaction remains negative. These results demonstrate that positive interactions may provide an important mechanism for generating species-rich communities in nature. They also show that focusing on the net interaction between species may conceal important coexistence mechanisms when species simultaneously engage in both antagonistic and positive interactions. DA - 2008/9// PY - 2008/9// DO - 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01204.x VL - 11 IS - 9 SP - 929-936 SN - 1461-0248 KW - facilitation KW - interaction component KW - resource competition KW - species coexistence KW - theoretical ecology ER - TY - JOUR TI - Phylogenetic relationships of Phytophthora andina, a new species from the highlands of Ecuador that is closely related to the Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans AU - Gomez-Alpizar, Luis AU - Hu, Chia-Hui AU - Oliva, Ricardo AU - Forbes, Gregory AU - Ristaino, Jean Beagle T2 - MYCOLOGIA AB - Phylogenetic relationships of Phytophthora infestans sensu lato in the Andean highlands of South America were examined. Three clonal lineages (US-1, EC-1, EC-3) and one heterogeneous lineage (EC-2) were found in association with different host species in genus Solanum. The EC-2 lineage includes two mitochondrial (mtDNA) haplotypes, Ia and Ic. Isolates of P. infestans sensu lato EC-2 fit the morphological description of P. infestans but are different from any genotypes of P. infestans described to date. All isolates of P. infestans sensu lato from Ecuador were amplified by a P. infestans specific primer (PINF), and restriction fragment length patterns were identical in isolates amplified with ITS primers 4 and 5. The EC-1 clonal lineage of P. infestans sensu lato from S. andreanum, S. columbianum, S. paucijugum, S. phureja, S. regularifolium, S. tuberosum and S. tuquerense was confirmed to be P. infestans based on sequences of the cytochrome oxidase I (cox I) gene and intron 1 of ras gene. The EC-2 isolates with the Ic haplotype formed a distinct branch in the same clade with P. infestans and P. mirabilis, P. phaseoli and P. ipomoeae for both cox I and ras intron 1 phylogenies and were identified as the newly described species P. andina. Ras intron 1 sequence data suggests that P. andina might have arisen via hybridization between P. infestans and P. mirabilis. DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// DO - 10.3852/07-074R1 VL - 100 IS - 4 SP - 590-602 SN - 1557-2536 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-54049104885&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Oomycetes KW - Phytophthora KW - potato KW - Stramenopiles ER - TY - JOUR TI - Life in hot acid: Pathway analyses in extremely thermoacidophilic archaea AU - Auernik, Kathryne S. AU - Cooper, Charlotte R. AU - Kelly, Robert M. T2 - CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY AB - The extremely thermoacidophilic archaea are a particularly intriguing group of microorganisms that must simultaneously cope with biologically extreme pHs (≤4) and temperatures (Topt ≥ 60 °C) in their natural environments. Their expanding biotechnological significance relates to their role in biomining of base and precious metals and their unique mechanisms of survival in hot acid, at both the cellular and biomolecular levels. Recent developments, such as advances in understanding of heavy metal tolerance mechanisms, implementation of a genetic system, and discovery of a new carbon fixation pathway, have been facilitated by the availability of genome sequence data and molecular genetic systems. As a result, new insights into the metabolic pathways and physiological features that define extreme thermoacidophily have been obtained, in some cases suggesting prospects for biotechnological opportunities. DA - 2008/10// PY - 2008/10// DO - 10.1016/j.copbio.2008.08.001 VL - 19 IS - 5 SP - 445-453 SN - 1879-0429 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Influence of ultranarrow row and conventional row cotton on the last effective boll population AU - Viator, Ryan P. AU - Gwathmey, C. Owen AU - Cothren, J. Tom AU - Reed, Jack T. AU - Vories, Earl D. AU - Nuti, Russell C. AU - Edmisten, Keith L. AU - Wells, Randy T2 - AGRONOMY JOURNAL AB - The last effective boll population (LEBP) is the basis for many cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) management decisions such as defoliation timing. The objective of this research was to determine the last effective boll population based on first position bolls for both ultranarrow row cotton (UNRC), grown in rows spaced 25 cm or less, and conventional cotton (CONC) grown in rows spaced 96 to 102 cm. Experimental sites included locations in North Carolina, Tennessee, Mississippi, Arkansas, and Texas. At each site, UNRC and CONC plots were planted in a RCB design. At first flower, 15 plants per plot were flagged for subsequent flower tagging. On each flagged plant, all first position flowers were tagged every 2 d throughout the reproductive stage with date and nodes above white flower (NAWF) data for each plant. Tagged bolls were handpicked, sorted, counted, and seedcotton was weighed and recorded by NAWF for each plot. The last effective boll population was considered that NAWF position where cotton could be economically produced. Cotton could be produced economically at NAWF 2 and 3 for UNRC and CONC, respectively. Lint yield did not differ significantly between UNRC and CONC across site‐years. The UNRC produced the majority of seedcotton on NAWF 3 to 5, while CONC produced the most seedcotton at NAWF 4 to 6. Boll numbers showed a similar pattern. These data demonstrate that physiological cutout occurred at NAWF <5 in both UNRC and CONC. DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// DO - 10.2134/agronj2007.0289 VL - 100 IS - 5 SP - 1327-1331 SN - 1435-0645 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Diversity of Bacterial Communities in Container Habitats of Mosquitoes AU - Ponnusamy, Loganathan AU - Xu, Ning AU - Stav, Gil AU - Wesson, Dawn M. AU - Schal, Coby AU - Apperson, Charles S. T2 - MICROBIAL ECOLOGY AB - We investigated the bacterial diversity of microbial communities in water-filled, human-made and natural container habitats of the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in suburban landscapes of New Orleans, Louisiana in 2003. We collected water samples from three classes of containers, including tires (n = 12), cemetery urns (n = 23), and miscellaneous containers that included two tree holes (n = 19). Total genomic DNA was extracted from water samples, and 16S ribosomal DNA fragments (operational taxonomic units, OTUs) were amplified by PCR and separated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The bacterial communities in containers represented diverse DGGE-DNA banding patterns that were not related to the class of container or to the local spatial distribution of containers. Mean richness and evenness of OTUs were highest in water samples from tires. Bacterial phylotypes were identified by comparative sequence analysis of 90 16S rDNA DGGE band amplicons. The majority of sequences were placed in five major taxa: Alpha-, Beta- and Gammaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, and an unclassified group; Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the predominant heterotrophic bacteria in containers. The bacterial communities in human-made containers consisted mainly of undescribed species, and a phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA sequences suggested that species composition was independent of both container type and the spatial distribution of containers. Comparative PCR-based, cultivation-independent rRNA surveys of microbial communities associated with mosquito habitats can provide significant insight into community organization and dynamics of bacterial species. DA - 2008/11// PY - 2008/11// DO - 10.1007/s00248-008-9379-6 VL - 56 IS - 4 SP - 593-603 SN - 1432-184X ER - TY - JOUR TI - A mended and broken heart: The life and love of Francis of Assisi AU - Orcutt, D. T2 - Library Journal DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// VL - 133 IS - 17 SP - 75-75 ER - TY - JOUR TI - 'Covington' sweetpotato AU - Yencho, G. Craig AU - Pecota, Kenneth V. AU - Schultheis, Jonathan R. AU - VanEsbroeck, Zvezdana-Pesic AU - Holmes, Gerald J. AU - Little, Billy E. AU - Thornton, Allan C. AU - Truong, Van-Den T2 - HORTSCIENCE AB - ‘Covington’ is an orange-fleshed, smooth-skinned, rose-colored, table-stock sweetpotato [ Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] developed by North Carolina State University (NCSU). ‘Covington’, named after the late Henry M. Covington, an esteemed sweetpotato scientist at North Carolina State, was evaluated as NC98-608 in multiple state and regional yield trials during 2001 to 2006. ‘Covington’ produces yields equal to ‘Beauregard’, a dominant sweetpotato variety produced in the United States, but it is typically 5 to 10 days later in maturity. ‘Covington’ typically sizes its storage roots more evenly than ‘Beauregard’ resulting in fewer jumbo class roots and a higher percentage of number one roots. Total yields are similar for the two clones with the dry matter content of ‘Covington’ storage roots typically being 1 to 2 points higher than that of ‘Beauregard’. ‘Covington’ is resistant to fusarium wilt [ Fusarium oxysporum Schlect. f.sp. batatas (Wollenw.) Snyd. & Hans.], southern root-knot nematode [ Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White 1919) Chitwood 1949 race 3], and moderately resistant to streptomyces soil rot [ Streptomyces ipomoeae (Person & W.J. Martin) Wakswan & Henrici]. Symptoms of the russet crack strain of Sweet Potato Feathery Mottle Virus have not been observed in ‘Covington’. The flavor of the baked storage roots of ‘Covington’ has been rated as very good by standardized and informal taste panels and typically scores as well or better in this regard when compared with ‘Beauregard’. DA - 2008/10// PY - 2008/10// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.43.6.1911 VL - 43 IS - 6 SP - 1911-1914 SN - 0018-5345 KW - Ipomoea batatas KW - convolvulaceae KW - cultivar KW - vegetable breeding KW - disease resistance KW - insect resistance KW - planting density KW - nitrogen rate ER - TY - JOUR TI - Variation in seed dispersal along an elevational gradient in Great Smoky Mountains National Park AU - Zelikova, Tamara J. AU - Dunn, Robert R. AU - Sanders, Nathan J. T2 - ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY AB - Seed dispersal by ants is ecologically important and geographically widespread as 20–50% of all herbaceous species in eastern deciduous forests are dispersed by ants, but we know little about how or why such interactions vary geographically. In this paper, we examined variation in seed dispersal by ants along an extensive elevational gradient (256–2025 m) in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Specifically, we asked whether variation in ant community composition affected seed removals and seed dispersal distance of Trillium undulatum and Hexastylis arifolia, two common understory herbs found throughout the southern Appalachian Mountains. We also examined variation in myrmecochore abundance, specifically Trillium spp. and H. arifolia, along the same elevational gradient. Measures of ant community and climate variables strongly covaried with elevation, while Trillium species richness and abundance did not. We found that seed removals decreased with elevation, but seed dispersal distance did not depend on elevation. The most important variables predicting seed removals were average annual temperature and the abundance of Aphaenogaster rudis, both of which varied along the elevational gradient. Seed dispersal by ants did not depend on ant community composition, but was dominated by one species, A. rudis, which occurred at every site and removed the vast majority of all observed seeds in this study. Though the ant fauna in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park is diverse, dispersal of T. undulatum and H. arifolia, and likely other myrmecochores, is driven by one ant species, A. rudis. DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// DO - 10.1016/j.actao.2008.05.002 VL - 34 IS - 2 SP - 155-162 SN - 1873-6238 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-51449084229&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Altitude KW - Ants KW - Aphaenogaster KW - Elevation KW - Mutualism KW - Trillium undulatum KW - Seed dispersal ER - TY - JOUR TI - Tick-Borne Diseases in North Carolina: Is "Rickettsia amblyommii" a Possible Cause of Rickettsiosis Reported as Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever? AU - Apperson, Charles S. AU - Engber, Barry AU - Nicholson, William L. AU - Mead, Daniel G. AU - Engel, Jeffrey AU - Yabsley, Michael J. AU - Dail, Kathy AU - Johnson, Joey AU - Watson, D. Wesley T2 - VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES AB - Cases of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) in North Carolina have escalated markedly since 2000. In 2005, we identified a county in the Piedmont region with high case numbers of RMSF. We collected ticks and examined them for bacterial pathogens using molecular methods to determine if a novel tick vector or spotted fever group rickettsiae (SFGR) might be emerging. Amblyomma americanum, the lone star tick, comprised 99.6% of 6,502 specimens collected in suburban landscapes. In contrast, Dermacentor variabilis, the American dog tick, a principal vector of Rickettsia rickettsii, comprised < 1% of the ticks collected. Eleven of 25 lone star tick pools tested were infected with "Rickettsia amblyommii," an informally named SFGR. Sera from patients from the same county who were presumptively diagnosed by local physicians with a tick-borne illness were tested by an indirect immunofluorescence antibody (IFA) assay to confirm clinical diagnoses. Three of six patients classified as probable RMSF cases demonstrated a fourfold or greater rise in IgG class antibody titers between paired acute and convalescent sera to "R. amblyommii" antigens, but not to R. rickettsii antigens. White-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus, are preferred hosts of lone star ticks. Blood samples collected from hunter-killed deer from the same county were tested by IFA test for antibodies to Ehrlichia chaffeensis and "R. amblyommii." Twenty-eight (87%) of 32 deer were positive for antibodies to E. chaffeensis, but only 1 (3%) of the deer exhibited antibodies to "R. amblyommii," suggesting that deer are not the source of "R. amblyommii" infection for lone star ticks. We propose that some cases of rickettsiosis reported as RMSF may have been caused by "R. amblyommii" transmitted through the bite of A. americanum. DA - 2008/10// PY - 2008/10// DO - 10.1089/vbz.2007.0271 VL - 8 IS - 5 SP - 597-606 SN - 1557-7759 KW - Rocky Mountain spotted fever KW - Amblyomma americanum KW - lone star tick KW - spotted fever group rickettsiae KW - "Rickettsia amblyommii" KW - Rickettsia rickettsii KW - Ehrlichia chaffeensis ER - TY - JOUR TI - Novel arthropod repellent, BioUD, is an efficacious alternative to deet AU - Witting-Bissinger, B. E. AU - Stumpf, C. F. AU - Donohue, K. V. AU - Apperson, C. S. AU - Roe, R. M. T2 - JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY AB - For >50 yr, N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet) has been the standard for arthropod repellents and has been an important tool to protect people from disease agents carried by ticks, mosquitoes, and other arthropods. However, some people avoid using deet because of concerns about adverse health effects. In 2007, a new repellent, BioUD, with the active ingredient 7.75% 2-undecanone, originally derived from wild tomato (Lycopersicon hirsutum Dunal f. glabratum C. H. Müll) plants, was registered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. In the current study, repellent efficacy of BioUD was compared using arm-in-cage studies with 7 and 15% deet against the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus Skuse. No differences were found in mean repellency over 6 h after application between BioUD versus 7 and 15% deet for Ae albopictus. For Ae. aegypti, no differences were found over the same time period for 7% deet. Compared with 15% deet, BioUD mean repellency was lower over the 6-h test period. Human subject field trials were conducted in North Carolina, United States, and Ontario, Canada, comparing the repellency of BioUD to products containing 25 and 30% deet. BioUD provided the same repellency or was more efficacious than 25 and 30% deet, respectively, in these studies. Laboratory trials were conducted to determine the repellent activity of BioUD against the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say), on human skin and cloth. BioUD repelled ticks at least 2.5 h after application to human skin. On cloth, no differences in mean repellency were found through 8 d after application between BioUD and 7% deet. In a two-choice test for BioUD versus 15% deet on filter paper, ticks spent significantly more time on the deet-treated surface than the BioUD-treated surface. Based on these studies in toto, BioUD is an efficacious alternative to deet in its repellent activity. DA - 2008/9// PY - 2008/9// DO - 10.1603/0022-2585(2008)45[891:NARBIA]2.0.CO;2 VL - 45 IS - 5 SP - 891-898 SN - 1938-2928 KW - BioUD KW - deet KW - insect repellent KW - mosquitoes KW - ticks ER - TY - JOUR TI - Neurogenetic networks for startle-induced locomotion in Drosophila melanogaster AU - Yamamoto, Akihiko AU - Zwarts, Liesbeth AU - Callaerts, Patrick AU - Norga, Koenraad AU - Mackay, Trudy F. C. AU - Anholt, Robert R. H. T2 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AB - Understanding how the genome empowers the nervous system to express behaviors remains a critical challenge in behavioral genetics. The startle response is an attractive behavioral model for studies on the relationship between genes, brain, and behavior, as the ability to respond rapidly to harmful changes in the environment is a universal survival trait. Drosophila melanogaster provides a powerful system in which genetic studies on individuals with controlled genetic backgrounds and reared under controlled environmental conditions can be combined with neuroanatomical studies to analyze behaviors. In a screen of 720 lines of D. melanogaster , carrying single P[GT1] transposon insertions, we found 267 lines that showed significant changes in startle-induced locomotor behavior. Excision of the transposon reversed this effect in five lines out of six tested. We infer that most of the 267 lines show mutant effects on startle-induced locomotion that are caused by the transposon insertions. We selected a subset of 15 insertions in the same genetic background in autosomal genes with strong mutant effects and crossed them to generate all 105 possible nonreciprocal double heterozygotes. These hybrids revealed an extensive network of epistatic interactions on the behavioral trait. In addition, we observed changes in neuroanatomy that were caused by these 15 mutations, individually and in their double heterozygotes. We find that behavioral and neuroanatomical phenotypes are determined by a common set of genes that are organized as partially overlapping genetic networks. DA - 2008/8/26/ PY - 2008/8/26/ DO - 10.1073/pnas.0804889105 VL - 105 IS - 34 SP - 12393-12398 SN - 0027-8424 KW - behavioral genetics KW - epistasis KW - sensorimotor integration KW - startle behavior KW - P-element insertional mutagenesis ER - TY - JOUR TI - Molecular characterization of maize inbreds with expired US plant variety protection AU - Nelson, Paul T. AU - Coles, Nathan D. AU - Holland, James B. AU - Bubeck, David M. AU - Smith, Stephen AU - Goodman, Major M. T2 - CROP SCIENCE AB - Maize inbred lines with expired Plant Variety Protection Act (PVPA) certificates are publicly available and potentially represent a new germplasm resource for many public and private breeding programs. However, accurate pedigree and genetic background information for ex‐PVPA maize inbreds is necessary if they are to be effectively utilized in breeding efforts. We have used single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to evaluate the relationships and population structure among 92 ex‐PVPA inbred lines in relation to 17 well‐known public inbreds. Based on unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean clustering, principal components analysis, and model‐based clustering, we identified six primary genetic clusters represented by the prominent inbred lines B73, Mo17, PH207, A632, Oh43, and B37. We also determined the genetic background of ex‐PVPA inbreds with conflicting, ambiguous, or undisclosed pedigrees. We assessed genetic diversity across subsets of ex‐PVPA lines and concluded that the ex‐PVPA lines are no more diverse than the public set evaluated here. Additionally, all alleles present in the ex‐PVPA inbreds, for the 614 SNPs included in this study, are also found in public temperate maize germplasm. DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// DO - 10.2135/cropsci2008.02.0092 VL - 48 IS - 5 SP - 1673-1685 SN - 1435-0653 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-54949106977&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Functional genomics of probiotic Lactobacilli AU - Klaenhammer, Todd R. AU - Altermann, Eric AU - Pfeiler, Erika AU - Buck, Brock Logan AU - Goh, Yong-Jun AU - O'Flaherty, Sarah AU - Barrangou, Rodolphe AU - Duong, Tri T2 - JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AB - Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been used in fermentation processes for millennia. Recent applications such as the use of living cultures as probiotics have significantly increased industrial interest. Related bacterial strains can differ significantly in their genotype and phenotype, and features from one bacterial strain or species cannot necessarily be applied to a related one. These strain or family-specific differences often represent unique and applicable traits. Since 2002, the complete genomes of 13 probiotic LABs have been published. The presentation will discuss these genomes and highlight probiotic traits that are predicted, or functionally linked to genetic content. We have conducted a comparative genomic analysis of 4 completely sequenced Lactobacillus strains versus 25 lactic acid bacterial genomes present in the public database at the time of analysis. Using Differential Blast Analysis, each genome is compared with 3 other Lactobacillus and 25 other LAB genomes. Differential Blast Analysis highlighted strain-specific genes that were not represented in any other LAB used in this analysis and also identified group-specific genes shared within lactobacilli. Lactobacillus-specific genes include mucus-binding proteins involved in cell-adhesion and several transport systems for carbohydrates and amino acids. Comparative genomic analysis has identified gene targets in Lactobacillus acidophilus for functional analysis, including adhesion to mucin and intestinal epithelial cells, acid tolerance, bile tolerance, and quorum sensing. Whole genome transcriptional profiling of L. acidophilus, and isogenic mutants thereof, has revealed the impact of varying conditions (pH, bile, carbohydrates) and food matrices on the expression of genes important to probiotic-linked mechanisms. DA - 2008/9// PY - 2008/9// DO - 10.1097/MCG.0b013e31817da140 VL - 42 IS - 8 SP - S160-S162 SN - 0192-0790 KW - Lactobacillus acidophilus KW - Lactobacillus johnsonii KW - Lactobacillus plantarum KW - Lactobacillus gasseri KW - genomics KW - probiotic cultures KW - lactic acid bacteria ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hydrogenomics of the Extremely Thermophilic Bacterium Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus AU - Werken, Harmen J. G. AU - Verhaart, Marcel R. A. AU - VanFossen, Amy L. AU - Willquist, Karin AU - Lewis, Derrick L. AU - Nichols, Jason D. AU - Goorissen, Heleen P. AU - Mongodin, Emmanuel F. AU - Nelson, Karen E. AU - Niel, Ed W. J. AU - Stams, Alfons J. M. AU - Ward, Donald E. AU - Vos, Willem M. AU - Oost, John AU - Kelly, Robert M. AU - Kengen, Serve W. M. T2 - APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY AB - ABSTRACT Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus is an extremely thermophilic, gram-positive anaerobe which ferments cellulose-, hemicellulose- and pectin-containing biomass to acetate, CO 2 , and hydrogen. Its broad substrate range, high hydrogen-producing capacity, and ability to coutilize glucose and xylose make this bacterium an attractive candidate for microbial bioenergy production. Here, the complete genome sequence of C. saccharolyticus , consisting of a 2,970,275-bp circular chromosome encoding 2,679 predicted proteins, is described. Analysis of the genome revealed that C. saccharolyticus has an extensive polysaccharide-hydrolyzing capacity for cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, and starch, coupled to a large number of ABC transporters for monomeric and oligomeric sugar uptake. The components of the Embden-Meyerhof and nonoxidative pentose phosphate pathways are all present; however, there is no evidence that an Entner-Doudoroff pathway is present. Catabolic pathways for a range of sugars, including rhamnose, fucose, arabinose, glucuronate, fructose, and galactose, were identified. These pathways lead to the production of NADH and reduced ferredoxin. NADH and reduced ferredoxin are subsequently used by two distinct hydrogenases to generate hydrogen. Whole-genome transcriptome analysis revealed that there is significant upregulation of the glycolytic pathway and an ABC-type sugar transporter during growth on glucose and xylose, indicating that C. saccharolyticus coferments these sugars unimpeded by glucose-based catabolite repression. The capacity to simultaneously process and utilize a range of carbohydrates associated with biomass feedstocks is a highly desirable feature of this lignocellulose-utilizing, biofuel-producing bacterium. DA - 2008/11// PY - 2008/11// DO - 10.1128/AEM.00968-08 VL - 74 IS - 21 SP - 6720-6729 SN - 0099-2240 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Phenology of the Apple Maggot (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the Southern Appalachian Mountains AU - Meck, Michelle. C. AU - Walgenbach, James. F. AU - Kennedy, George G. T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY AB - The apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), is an important pest of apples in the Southern Appalachian Mountains. The seasonal phenology of adult flight activity was monitored with baited red sphere traps in eight abandoned apple orchards in the Southern Appalachian Mountains of North Carolina and South Carolina in 2004 and 2005, ranging in elevation from 300 to 853 m. Trap captures showed that at elevations of ≥630 m, the apple maggot was primarly univoltine, with adult activity most intense during a 2-mo period from late June to late August in 2004 and from mid-July to mid-September in 2005. At lower elevation sites in North Carolina and South Carolina (300–328 m elevation), adults were active for a 5- to 6-mo period from late May or early June into November. Trap captures suggested the apple maggot was bivoltine at lower elevation sites. There was also evidence from trap captures of distinct early and late emerging flies from overwintering pupae. A winter simulation study in which pupae from maggot-infested apples collected in July (early emergers) and September (late emergers) were exposed to cold treatments (4°C) ranging from 3 to 52 wk showed that the postdiapause rate was more rapid for early versus late emergers when exposed to a minimum 8-wk cold period. For pupae receiving cold treatments ranging from 8 to 19 wk, early emergers eclosed 257–321 DD before late emergers, but this difference was only 146 DD for pupae receiving a 35-wk cold treatment. Climatic conditions in the Southern Appalachian Mountains, including a relatively long growing season and mild winters, are conducive to a more protracted apple maggot emergence period compared with more northern locations. DA - 2008/10// PY - 2008/10// DO - 10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[1154:POTAMD]2.0.CO;2 VL - 37 IS - 5 SP - 1154-1161 SN - 1938-2936 KW - apple KW - Bhagoletis pomonella KW - diapause ER - TY - JOUR TI - US child labor violations in the retail and service industries: Findings from a national survey of working adolescents AU - Rauscher, Kimberly J. AU - Runyan, Carol W. AU - Schulman, Michael D. AU - Bowling, J. Michael T2 - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH AB - We investigated child labor violations among US adolescents working in the retail and service industries.We used interview data from a nationally representative sample of working adolescents, and investigated reports of select child labor violations (e.g., hours, equipment, and work permits). We computed weighted percentages of respondents reporting each type of discrete (and aggregated) violation.Nearly 37% of respondents reported a violation of the hazardous occupations orders (i.e., prohibited jobs or use of equipment), and 40% reported a work permit violation. Fewer than 2% reported working more than the maximum weekly hours allowed during the school year, but 11% reported working past the latest hour allowed on a school night, and 15% reported working off the clock.Significant numbers of US adolescents are employed in violation of the child labor laws and as a result are exposed to safety risks. Although our data did not allow for an analysis of enforcement, our findings demonstrate gaps in employer compliance with the law. We suggest that closer attention to enforcement policy and practice is needed. DA - 2008/9// PY - 2008/9// DO - 10.2105/AJPH.2007.122853 VL - 98 IS - 9 SP - 1693-1699 SN - 0090-0036 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Trophic and fishery interactions between Pacific hake and rockfish: effect on rockfish population rebuilding times AU - Harvey, Chris J. AU - Gross, Kevin AU - Simon, Victor H. AU - Hastie, James T2 - MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES AB - MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 365:165-176 (2008) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07510 Trophic and fishery interactions between Pacific hake and rockfish: effect on rockfish population rebuilding times Chris J. Harvey1,*, Kevin Gross2, Victor H. Simon1, James Hastie1 1Fishery Resource Analysis and Monitoring Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E, Seattle, Washington 98112, USA 2Biomathematics Program, North Carolina State University, Box 8203, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA *Email: chris.harvey@noaa.gov ABSTRACT: Several species of overfished Pacific rockfish (genus Sebastes) are incidentally caught in the fishery targeting Pacific hake Merluccius productus. Juvenile rockfish also comprise a small amount of Pacific hake diets. We used 2-species, age-structured models to estimate how prey selectivity by Pacific hake, life history and population structure of rockfish, spatiotemporal overlap, and fishery closures might affect the time required to rebuild overfished rockfish populations to 40% of unfished spawning stock biomass. As prey selectivity increased, rebuilding time increased moderately for widow rockfish S. entomelas and darkblotched rockfish S. crameri, and more sharply for canary rockfish S. pinniger. Darkblotched rockfish were the least sensitive to Pacific hake predatory selectivity, which was likely related to their rarity in Pacific hake diets, not their stochastic reproductive success. Spatiotemporal overlap between rockfish and Pacific hake also increased rebuilding times, primarily because of higher rockfish bycatch, not predation. Early fishery closures and Pacific hake predation had an interactive effect that prolonged widow and canary rockfish rebuilding times, partly as a function of model assumptions and partly because fishery closures led to increased predation on juvenile rockfish. Because an ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management involves considering the influence of ecological factors on fish populations, models that examine interactions between depleted species and predatory species are essential. In this case, it appears that overfished rockfish rebuilding times can be significantly affected by the dynamics of a key predator, but also that the predatory effect can be mitigated by effective bycatch control. KEY WORDS: Predator–prey interactions · Bycatch · Recovery plans · Ecosystem-based fisheries management · Climate variability · Mortality Full text in pdf format PreviousNextCite this article as: Harvey CJ, Gross K, Simon VH, Hastie J (2008) Trophic and fishery interactions between Pacific hake and rockfish: effect on rockfish population rebuilding times. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 365:165-176. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07510 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 365. Online publication date: August 18, 2008 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2008 Inter-Research. DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// DO - 10.3354/meps07510 VL - 365 SP - 165-176 SN - 1616-1599 KW - predator-prey interactions KW - bycatch KW - recovery plans KW - ecosystem-based fisheries management KW - climate variability KW - mortality ER - TY - JOUR TI - Olive fruit fly (Diptera : tephritidae) ovipositional preference and larval performance in several commercially important olive varieties in california AU - Burrack, Hannah Joy AU - Zalom, Frank G. T2 - JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY AB - The olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin) (Diptera: Tephritidae),is an invasive pest of olives (Olea spp.) in the United States. The objectives of this study were to determine whether B. oleae exhibits ovipositional preference under California field conditions similar to that demonstrated in European populations and whether the resulting larvae fare better in preferred varieties. Female B. oleae exhibited strong ovipositional preference for certain varieties of the domesticated olive, Olea europaea L, and the resulting larvae performed better by some measures in preferred varieties than in lesser preferred varieties. Ovipositional preference was observed in the field from 2003 to 2005, and laboratory assays were conducted to evaluate larval performance in 2005 and 2006. Among the olive varieties tested, Sevillano, Manzanillo, and Mission olives were the most heavily infested during three consecutive years. The larval performance measurements used were pupal yield, pupal weight, larval developmental time, and pupal emergence time. Ovipositional preference and pupal yield do not seem associated. There were significant differences in pupal emergence time, but these also measures did not reflect ovipositional preference. Two measures on performance did seem related to ovipositional preference; there were significant effects of variety on pupal weight and larval developmental time. Pupae developing in Manzanillo and Sevillano olives were heavier than those developing in less preferred varieties, and larval developmental time was significantly shorter in Sevillano olives relative to the other varieties. Oviposition preference and enhanced larval performance has implications for the pest status of this invasive insect in California. DA - 2008/6// PY - 2008/6// DO - 10.1603/0022-0493(2008)101[750:OFFDTO]2.0.CO;2 VL - 101 IS - 3 SP - 750-758 SN - 1938-291X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Jewish ethics and the care of end-of-life patients: A collection of rabbinical, bioethical, philosophical, and juristic opinions AU - Harwood, Karey T2 - Journal of the Society of Christian Ethics DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// DO - 10.5840/jsce200828135 VL - 28 IS - 1 SP - 239–243 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genome sequence of the metazoan plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita AU - Abad, Pierre AU - Gouzy, Jerome AU - Aury, Jean-Marc AU - Castagnone-Sereno, Philippe AU - Danchin, Etienne G. J. AU - Deleury, Emeline AU - Perfus-Barbeoch, Laetitia AU - Anthouard, Veronique AU - Artiguenave, Francois AU - Blok, Vivian C. AU - Caillaud, Marie-Cecile AU - Coutinho, Pedro M. AU - Dasilva, Corinne AU - De Luca, Francesca AU - Deau, Florence AU - Esquibet, Magali AU - Flutre, Timothe AU - Goldstone, Jared V. AU - Hamamouch, Noureddine AU - Hewezi, Tarek AU - Jaillon, Olivier AU - Jubin, Claire AU - Leonetti, Paola AU - Magliano, Marc AU - Maier, Tom R. AU - Markov, Gabriel V. AU - McVeigh, Paul AU - Pesole, Graziano AU - Poulain, Julie AU - Robinson-Rechavi, Marc AU - Sallet, Erika AU - Segurens, Beatrice AU - Steinbach, Delphine AU - Tytgat, Tom AU - Ugarte, Edgardo AU - Ghelder, Cyril AU - Veronico, Pasqua AU - Baum, Thomas J. AU - Blaxter, Mark AU - Bleve-Zacheo, Teresa AU - Davis, Eric L. AU - Ewbank, Jonathan J. AU - Favery, Bruno AU - Grenier, Eric AU - Henrissat, Bernard AU - Jones, John T. AU - Laudet, Vincent AU - Maule, Aaron G. AU - Quesneville, Hadi AU - Rosso, Marie-Noelle AU - Schiex, Thomas AU - Smant, Geert AU - Weissenbach, Jean AU - Wincker, Patrick T2 - NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY AB - Plant-parasitic nematodes are major agricultural pests worldwide and novel approaches to control them are sorely needed. We report the draft genome sequence of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, a biotrophic parasite of many crops, including tomato, cotton and coffee. Most of the assembled sequence of this asexually reproducing nematode, totaling 86 Mb, exists in pairs of homologous but divergent segments. This suggests that ancient allelic regions in M. incognita are evolving toward effective haploidy, permitting new mechanisms of adaptation. The number and diversity of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes in M. incognita is unprecedented in any animal for which a genome sequence is available, and may derive from multiple horizontal gene transfers from bacterial sources. Our results provide insights into the adaptations required by metazoans to successfully parasitize immunocompetent plants, and open the way for discovering new antiparasitic strategies. DA - 2008/8// PY - 2008/8// DO - 10.1038/nbt.1482 VL - 26 IS - 8 SP - 909-915 SN - 1546-1696 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fitness of isolates of Phytophthora capsici resistant to mefenoxam from squash and pepper fields in North Carolina AU - Cafe-Filho, Adalberto C. AU - Ristaino, Jean Beagle T2 - PLANT DISEASE AB - Despite the wide adoption of mefenoxam (Ridomil Gold EC) for vegetables in North Carolina, the incidence of Phytophthora blight on pepper (Capsicum annuum) and squash (Cucurbita pepo) is high. Seventy-five isolates of Phytophthora capsici were collected in five pepper and one squash field in order to assess mefenoxam sensitivity. The relative fitness of resistant and sensitive isolates was contrasted in vitro by their respective rates of colony growth and their ability to produce sporangia in unamended V8 juice agar medium. In in vivo experiments, the aggressiveness of isolates on pepper was evaluated. The frequency of resistant isolates in North Carolina populations was 63%, considerably higher than resistance levels in areas where mefenoxam is not widely adopted. Resistant isolates grew on amended media at rates >80 to 90% and >100% of the nonamended control at 100 μg ml -1 and 5 μg ml -1 , respectively. Sensitive isolates did not growth at 5 or 100 μg ml -1 . All isolates from three fields, including two pepper and a squash field, were resistant to mefenoxam. Populations from other fields were composed of either mixes of sensitive and resistant isolates or only sensitive isolates. Response to mefenoxam remained stable during the course of in vitro and in planta experiments. Occurrence of a mefenoxam-resistant population of P. capsici on squash is reported here for the first time in North Carolina. When measured by rate of colony growth, sporulation in vitro, or aggressiveness in planta, fitness of resistant isolates was not reduced. Mefenoxam-resistant isolates from squash were as aggressive on pepper as sensitive or resistant pepper isolates. These results suggest that mefenoxam-resistant populations of P. capsici are as virulent and fit as sensitive populations. DA - 2008/10// PY - 2008/10// DO - 10.1094/PDIS-92-10-1439 VL - 92 IS - 10 SP - 1439-1443 SN - 1943-7692 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-55549111617&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - fungicide resistance KW - metalaxyl KW - oomycetes KW - phenylamides KW - stramenopiles ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of temperature and molecular oxygen on the use of atmospheric pressure plasma as a novel method for insect control AU - Donohue, Kevin V. AU - Bures, Brian L. AU - Bourham, Mohamed A. AU - Roe, Michael T2 - JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY AB - Helium atmospheric pressure plasma discharge (APPD) was previously shown to have insecticidal activity with a possible site of action on the insect nervous, neuromuscular system, or both. In the current study, methods to increase the insecticidal activity of plasma by using increased APPD temperature and the introduction of molecular oxygen were investigated for the first time. An increase in the helium plasma temperature from 37 to 50°C increased the insecticidal activity of plasma for the control of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.); western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande); and citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri (Risso). This increase in activity could not be explained by the increase in air temperature alone, and it suggests that the enhanced insecticidal activity resulted from increased ionization of the APPD and ion bombardment of the insect. Emission spectroscopy showed that the introduction of 0.5% oxygen into helium plasma produced ionic molecular oxygen at 559.7 and 597.3 nm. The introduction of oxygen to the APPD greatly increased the insecticidal activity of plasma for the citrus mealybug but not the German cockroach or western flower thrips. For the mealybug as an example, the mortality of a 60-s exposure of 37°C helium plasma was 0% at 1 h after exposure and 100% under the same conditions after the introduction of oxygen. It seems that increases in temperature and the introduction of oxygen even at low levels can increase the insecticidal activity of plasma to varying degrees depending on the insect species. The symptomology of cockroach death for both hot plasma and plasma containing trace amounts of molecular oxygen continued to suggest that the site of action of APPD is the insect nervous system, neuromuscular system, or both. DA - 2008/4// PY - 2008/4// DO - 10.1603/0022-0493(2008)101[302:EOTAMO]2.0.CO;2 VL - 101 IS - 2 SP - 302-308 SN - 1938-291X KW - atmospheric pressure plasma KW - insect control KW - quarantine KW - dielectric barrier discharge KW - oxygenated helium plasma ER - TY - JOUR TI - Creativity, Inquiry, or Accountability? Scientists' and Teachers' Perceptions of Science Education AU - Taylor, Amy R. AU - Jones, M. Gail AU - Broadwell, Bethany AU - Oppewal, Tom T2 - SCIENCE EDUCATION AB - Abstract Although there have been numerous studies that indicate the benefits of teachers and students working with scientists, there is little research that documents scientists' views of science education, science teacher preparation, and the goals of science education. Furthermore, little is known about how scientists' views of science education may differ from those held by science teachers. Through the use of semistructured interviews, the perceptions of 37 scientists from diverse science domains and 21 middle and high school science teachers were explored. Participating scientists expressed concerns about the variability in quality of teaching, programs, and resources available for science instruction. Scientists expressed a desire for teachers to have more experience conducting science research and developing their own critical thinking skills. When asked what goals are most important for science education, 40% of the scientists emphasized that teachers should make science fun and exciting for their students. Science teachers' perceptions of science education were compared with the scientists' perceptions. Thirty percent of the teachers agreed with the scientists that too much variability in program or instructional quality exists in science education. Seventy‐six percent of the science teachers also thought there is a need to teach critical thinking skills, but more importantly there is a need to inspire creativity and a desire to learn science in students. Both teachers and scientists expressed concerns about how high‐stakes accountability inhibits efforts to improve science education. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 92: 1058–1075, 2008 DA - 2008/11// PY - 2008/11// DO - 10.1002/sce.20272 VL - 92 IS - 6 SP - 1058-1075 SN - 1098-237X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Influence of soil temperature, rainfall, and planting and harvest dates on Chaetocnema confinis (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) damage to sweetpotato roots AU - Jasrotia, Poonam AU - Abney, Mark R. AU - Neerdaels, Natalia B. AU - Kennedy, George G. T2 - JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY AB - A study was carried out in 10 counties of North Carolina from 2004 to 2006 to determine the effect of planting and harvest times on flea beetle, Chaetocnema confinis Crotch (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), damage to sweetpotato, Ipomoea batatas (L.), storage roots. Planting and harvesting of sweetpotatoes later in the season resulted in less damage than early planting and harvesting. Regression analysis was done to study the relationship of weather parameters with the flea beetle damage. Weather parameters included air temperature (Celsius), soil temperature at 5- and 10-cm depth (Celsius), rainfall (millimeters), and soil moisture (volume:volume) at 0-10-, 10-40-, and 40-100-cm depth. The best regression model included mean soil temperature at 10-cm depth, total rainfall, and number of adults caught on yellow sticky traps as independent variables (all between 1 August and harvest date of each field). Soil temperature and adult catches on yellow sticky traps of C. confinis were positively related to damage, whereas rainfall was negatively correlated. The model explained 45% of the total variation in the flea beetle damage. Soil temperature alone accounted for 32% of the total variation in flea beetle damage followed by rainfall (9%) and adult catches (4%). When the time interval was limited to 30 d before harvest, soil temperature was still the best explanatory variable accounting for 23% of the total variation in flea beetle damage followed by rainfall (7%) and adult catches (4%). Understanding the effects of planting/harvesting and weather factors on flea beetle damage will be useful in predicting the time when the sweetpotato crop is at greater risk from high levels of damage by C. confinis. DA - 2008/8// PY - 2008/8// DO - 10.1603/0022-0493(2008)101[1238:IOSTRA]2.0.CO;2 VL - 101 IS - 4 SP - 1238-1243 SN - 1938-291X KW - sweetpotato KW - Chaetocnema confinis KW - planting date KW - harvest date KW - soil temperature ER - TY - JOUR TI - Enhancement of extra chromosomal recombination in somatic cells by affecting the ratio of homologous recombination (HR) to non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) AU - Zaunbrecher, Gretchen M. AU - Mir, Bashir AU - Dunne, Patrick W. AU - Breen, Matthew AU - Piedrahita, Jorge A. T2 - ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AB - Abstract Advancements in somatic cell gene targeting have been slow due to the finite lifespan of somatic cells and the overall inefficiency of homologous recombination. The rate of homologous recombination is determined by mechanisms of DNA repair, and by the balance between homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). A plasmid-to-plasmid, extra chromosomal recombination system was used to study the effects of the manipulation of molecules involved in NHEJ (Mre11, Ku70/80, and p53) on HR/NHEJ ratios. In addition, the effect of telomerase expression, cell synchrony, and DNA nuclear delivery was examined. While a mutant Mre11 and an anti-Ku aptamer did not significantly affect the rate of NHEJ or HR, transient expression of a p53 mutant increased overall HR/NHEJ by 2.5 fold. However, expression of the mutant p53 resulted in increased aneuploidy of the cultured cells. Additionally, we found no relationship between telomerase expression and changes in HR/NHEJ. In contrast, cell synchrony by thymidine incorporation did not induce chromosomal abnormalities, and increased the ratio of HR/NHEJ 5-fold by reducing the overall rate of NHEJ. Overall our results show that attempts at reducing NHEJ by use of Mre11 or anti-Ku aptamers were unsuccessful. Cell synchrony via thymidine incorporation, however, does increase the ratio of HR/NHEJ and this indicates that this approach may be of use to facilitate targeting in somatic cells by reducing the numbers of colonies that need to be analyzed before a HR is identified. Keywords: Extra chromosomalHomologous recombinationSomatic cells The authors are grateful to Dr. Peter Lansdorp for transformation of cell lines with GFP and hTERT-GFP, and to Bhanu Chowdhary and Yanling Wang for their technical assistance. Funding for this work came from an NIH grant HL51587 to JAP. Notes + Indicates number of hours after addition of thymidine to the culture media. − Indicates hours after removal of thymidine from the + 24 hour cultured cells. DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// DO - 10.1080/10495390701670099 VL - 19 IS - 1 SP - 6-21 SN - 1532-2378 KW - extra chromosomal KW - homologous recombination KW - somatic cells ER - TY - JOUR TI - An empirical test of the F(2) screen for detection of Bacillus thuringiensis-resistance alleles in tobacco budworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) AU - Blanco, Carlos A. AU - Perera, O. P. AU - Gould, Fred AU - Sumerford, Douglas V. AU - Hernandez, Gerardo AU - Abel, Craig A. AU - Andow, David A. T2 - JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY AB - Insects exposed to genetically modified crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins are under intense selection pressure that could result on widespread Bt resistance. Screening for early indications of Bt resistance developing in targeted Lepidoptera is conducted in many of the regions where genetically modified cotton and corn have been commercialized. Heliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) has been selected in the laboratory to have a gene for resistance to Cry1Ac. We used this laboratory line to test the assumptions and theoretical predictions related to detection of recessive Bt-resistant alleles in field populations based on a second generation (F2) screen. By creating single-pair families from mating a heterozygous Cry1Ac-resistant moth with a Cry1Ac-susceptible moth, we simulated the most common genotype when Bt-resistance alleles are at low frequency in the field. The second generation (F2) neonates of single-pair families were screened daily with diagnostic concentration bioassays. Cry1Ac-resistant homozygous larvae were detected, but the proportion of resistant larvae was generally below the theoretical expectation of 6.25% and was influenced by the moth F1 sib-mating density and by the day of oviposition of F2 eggs. Logistical considerations such as F1 sib-mating density and F2 neonate screening are important for the successful implementation of a reliable method. DA - 2008/8// PY - 2008/8// DO - 10.1603/0022-0493(2008)101[1406:AETOTF]2.0.CO;2 VL - 101 IS - 4 SP - 1406-1414 SN - 0022-0493 KW - Heliothis virescens KW - insecticide resistance management KW - Cry1Ac KW - YHD2 KW - single-pair family ER - TY - JOUR TI - Beyond Content, Deeper than Delivery: What Critique Feedback Reveals about Communication Expectations in Design Education AU - Dannels, Deanna AU - Gaffney, Amy AU - Martin, Kelly T2 - International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning AB - In design education, the critique is a communication event in which students present their design and critics provide feedback. Presumably, the feedback gives the students information about their progress on the design. Yet critic feedback also serves a socializing function—providing students information about what it means to communicate well in the design education context. Using a qualitative research methodology, this study explores what critic feedback reflects about expected communication competencies in design studios. Results suggest that communication competence in this setting involves interaction management, demonstration of design evolution, transparent advocacy of intent, explanation of visuals, and the staging of the performance—all of which imply a communicative identity for students that is tethered to the content and delivery of the presentation, but has implications beyond the content and delivery to the broader disciplinary culture. Implications of this study provide insight for faculty and students involved in pedagogical spaces in which feedback plays an important role in the instructional process—suggesting its potential for shaping disciplinary identities, relationships, and social contexts. DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// DO - 10.20429/ijsotl.2008.020212 VL - 2 IS - 2 UR - https://doi.org/10.20429/ijsotl.2008.020212 N1 - In design education, the critique is a communication event in which students present their design and critics provide feedback. Presumably, the feedback gives the students information about their progress on the design. Yet critic feedback also serves a socializing function—providing students information about what it means to communicate well in the design education context. Using a qualitative research methodology, this study explores what critic feedback reflects about expected communication competencies in design studios. Results suggest that communication competence in this setting involves interaction management, demonstration of design evolution, transparent advocacy of intent, explanation of visuals, and the staging of the performance—all of which imply a communicative identity for students that is tethered to the content and delivery of the presentation, but has implications beyond the content and delivery to the broader disciplinary culture. Implications of this study provide insight for faculty and students involved in pedagogical spaces in which feedback plays an important role in the instructional process—suggesting its potential for shaping disciplinary identities, relationships, and social contexts. RN - In design education, the critique is a communication event in which students present their design and critics provide feedback. Presumably, the feedback gives the students information about their progress on the design. Yet critic feedback also serves a socializing function—providing students information about what it means to communicate well in the design education context. Using a qualitative research methodology, this study explores what critic feedback reflects about expected communication competencies in design studios. Results suggest that communication competence in this setting involves interaction management, demonstration of design evolution, transparent advocacy of intent, explanation of visuals, and the staging of the performance—all of which imply a communicative identity for students that is tethered to the content and delivery of the presentation, but has implications beyond the content and delivery to the broader disciplinary culture. Implications of this study provide insight for faculty and students involved in pedagogical spaces in which feedback plays an important role in the instructional process—suggesting its potential for shaping disciplinary identities, relationships, and social contexts. ER - TY - JOUR TI - Parasitism proteins in nematode-plant interactions AU - Davis, Eric L. AU - Hussey, Richard S. AU - Mitchum, Melissa G. AU - Baum, Thomas J. T2 - CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY AB - The current battery of candidate parasitism proteins secreted by nematodes to modify plant tissues for parasitism includes cell-wall-modifying enzymes of potential prokaryotic origin, multiple regulators of host cell cycle and metabolism, proteins that can localize to the plant cell nucleus, potential suppressors of host defense, mimics of plant molecules, and a relatively large cadre of predicted novel nematode parasitism proteins. Phenotypic effects of expressing nematode parasitism proteins in transformed plant tissues, protein-protein interaction assays, and RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) analyses are currently providing exciting evidence of the biological role of candidate nematode secreted parasitism proteins and identifying potential novel means of developing transgenic resistance to nematodes in crops. DA - 2008/8// PY - 2008/8// DO - 10.1016/j.pbi.2008.04.003 VL - 11 IS - 4 SP - 360-366 SN - 1879-0356 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Multipartite symbioses among fungi, mites, nematodes, and the spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis AU - Cardoza, Yasmin J. AU - Moser, John C. AU - Klepzig, Kier D. AU - Raffa, Kenneth F. T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY AB - The spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis, is an eruptive forest pest of significant economic and ecological importance. D. rufipennis has symbiotic associations with a number of microorganisms, especially the ophiostomatoid fungus Leptographium abietinum. The nature of this interaction is only partially understood. Additionally, mite and nematode associates can mediate bark beetle-fungal interactions, but this has not yet been studied for spruce beetles. In this study, we found eight mite species associated with spruce beetles: Tarsonemus ips, T. endophloeus, Histiogaster arborsignis, Dendrolaelaps quadrisetus, Proctolaelaps hytricoides, Trichouropoda alascae, T. n. sp. nr dalarenaensis, and Urobovella n. sp 767. The most prevalent species was H. arborsignis. In addition, 75% of beetles examined carried nematodes, with six species represented. These included a new species of Parasitorhabditis, Ektaphelenchus obtusus, Bursaphelenchus n. sp. 727, Aphelenchoides n. sp., Panagrolaimus sp., and Mykoletzkya ruminis. H. arborsignis showed strong feeding and oviposition preferences for L. abietinum among four fungal species tested in laboratory assays. Information on our attempts to culture the various nematode species collected from D. rufipennis is also provided. Bursaphelenchus were cultured from D. rufipennis nematangia plated on agar containing L. abietinum but not sterile agar. Thus, L. abietinum plays an important role in these gallery communities, affecting the tree-killing bark beetle, its phoretic mites, and nematodes. These data add to our understanding of bark beetle-microorganism interactions. DA - 2008/8// PY - 2008/8// DO - 10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[956:MSAFMN]2.0.CO;2 VL - 37 IS - 4 SP - 956-963 SN - 1938-2936 KW - symbiosis KW - bark beetles KW - Histiogaster KW - leptographium KW - hyphomycetes ER - TY - JOUR TI - Successful cloning of the Yucatan minipig using commercial/occidental breeds as oocyte donors and embryo recipients AU - Estrada, Jose L. AU - Collins, Bruce AU - York, Abby AU - Bischoff, Steve AU - Sommer, Jeff AU - Tsai, Shengdar AU - Petters, Robert M. AU - Piedrahita, Jorge A. T2 - CLONING AND STEM CELLS AB - The widespread application of porcine SCNT to biomedical research is being hampered by the large adult size (300–600 lbs) of the commercial breeds commonly used for SCNT. The Yucatan minipig, in contrast, has an adult weight of 140–150 lbs and a long history of utility in biomedical research. In order to combine the wide availability of commercial swine with the biomedical value of the Yucatan minipig, we utilized SCNT using the Yucatan as nuclear donors and commercial swine as both oocyte donors and recipients. Of six recipient gilts receiving 631 SCNT embryos, three went to term and delivered seven piglets, four of which survived to adulthood. Additionally, we obtained fetal fibroblasts from a cloned Yucatan and used them for a second round of SCNT. Of three recipients receiving 315 reconstructed embryos, one went to term and delivered three piglets, one of which survived to adulthood. Both microsatellite and D-loop sequence analysis confirmed that all of the piglets generated were nuclear-mitochondrial hybrids carrying Yucatan nuclear DNA and commercial breed mitochondrial DNA. This report shows that it is possible to produce viable Yucatan SCNT clones and opens up the possibility of developing valuable biomedical models in this porcine breed. DA - 2008/6// PY - 2008/6// DO - 10.1089/clo.2008.0005 VL - 10 IS - 2 SP - 287-296 SN - 1536-2302 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sindbis virus conformational changes induced by a neutralizing anti-E1 monoclonal antibody AU - Hernandez, Raquel AU - Paredes, Angel AU - Brown, Dennis T. T2 - JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY AB - ABSTRACT A rare Sindbis virus anti-E1 neutralizing monoclonal antibody, Sin-33, was investigated to determine the mechanism of in vitro neutralization. A cryoelectron microscopic reconstruction of Sindbis virus (SVHR) neutralized with FAb from Sin-33 (FAb-33) revealed conformational changes on the surface of the virion at a resolution of 24 Å. FAb-33 was found to bind E1 in less than 1:1 molar ratios, as shown by the absence of FAb density in the reconstruction and stoichiometric measurements using radiolabeled FAb-33, which determined that about 60 molecules of FAb-33 bound to the 240 possible sites in a single virus particle. FAb-33-neutralized virus particles became sensitive to digestion by endoproteinase Glu-C, providing further evidence of antibody-induced structural changes within the virus particle. The treatment of FAb-33-neutralized or Sin-33-neutralized SVHR with low pH did not induce the conformational rearrangements required for virus membrane-cell membrane fusion. Exposure to low pH, however, increased the amount of Sin-33 or FAb-33 that bound to the virus particles, indicating the exposure of additional epitopes. The neutralization of SVHR infection by FAb-33 or Sin-33 did not prevent the association of virus with host cells. These data are in agreement with the results of previous studies that demonstrated that specific antibodies can inactivate the infectious state of a metastable virus in vitro by the induction of conformational changes to produce an inactive structure. A model is proposed which postulates that the induction of conformational changes in the infectious state of a metastable enveloped virus may be a general mechanism of antibody inactivation of virus infectivity. DA - 2008/6// PY - 2008/6// DO - 10.1128/JVI.02673-07 VL - 82 IS - 12 SP - 5750-5760 SN - 0022-538X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Identification of SNPs and INDELS in swine transcribed sequences using short oligonucleotide microarrays AU - Bischoff, Steve R AU - Tsai, Shengdar AU - Hardison, Nicholas E AU - York, Abby M AU - Freking, Brad A AU - Nonneman, Dan AU - Rohrer, Gary AU - Piedrahita, Jorge A T2 - BMC Genomics AB - Genome-wide detection of single feature polymorphisms (SFP) in swine using transcriptome profiling of day 25 placental RNA by contrasting probe intensities from either Meishan or an occidental composite breed with Affymetrix porcine microarrays is presented. A linear mixed model analysis was used to identify significant breed-by-probe interactions.Gene specific linear mixed models were fit to each of the log2 transformed probe intensities on these arrays, using fixed effects for breed, probe, breed-by-probe interaction, and a random effect for array. After surveying the day 25 placental transcriptome, 857 probes with a q-value < or = 0.05 and |fold change| > or = 2 for the breed-by-probe interaction were identified as candidates containing SFP. To address the quality of the bioinformatics approach, universal pyrosequencing assays were designed from Affymetrix exemplar sequences to independently assess polymorphisms within a subset of probes for validation. Additionally probes were randomly selected for sequencing to determine an unbiased confirmation rate. In most cases, the 25-mer probe sequence printed on the microarray diverged from Meishan, not occidental crosses. This analysis was used to define a set of highly reliable predicted SFPs according to their probability scores.By applying a SFP detection method to two mammalian breeds for the first time, we detected transition and transversion single nucleotide polymorphisms, as well as insertions/deletions which can be used to rapidly develop markers for genetic mapping and association analysis in species where high density genotyping platforms are otherwise unavailable.SNPs and INDELS discovered by this approach have been publicly deposited in NCBI's SNP repository dbSNP. This method is an attractive bioinformatics tool for uncovering breed-by-probe interactions, for rapidly identifying expressed SNPs, for investigating potential functional correlations between gene expression and breed polymorphisms, and is robust enough to be used on any Affymetrix gene expression platform. DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// DO - 10.1186/1471-2164-9-252 VL - 9 IS - 1 SP - 252 J2 - BMC Genomics LA - en OP - SN - 1471-2164 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-9-252 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparison of olive fruit fly (Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin)) (Diptera : Tephritidae) captures in several commercial traps in California AU - Burrack, Hannah Joy AU - Connell, Joseph H. AU - Zalom, Frank G. T2 - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEST MANAGEMENT AB - The trapping efficiency of three commercially available traps for monitoring the olive fruit fly (Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin)) was tested in California. ChamP yellow sticky traps and IMPT plastic McPhail-type traps were tested in three locations during 2 years. The McPhail traps captured significantly more flies than other trap types. In the second year, three variants of AM yellow sticky traps were included in testing. The AM yellow sticky panel was more efficient than the ChamP panel. The ChamP and AM traps were baited with an ammonium bicarbonate food lure and Spiroketal pheromone lure, and the McPhail traps were baited with a torula yeast food lure. Under the conditions of this study, it appears that the aqueous food lure used in the McPhail traps was more attractive to olive fruit flies than ammonia lures. Traps were also deployed in irrigated and unirrigated olive blocks at one location for 1 year, and more olive fruit flies were caught in the irrigated trees than in the unirrigated. The ChamP traps were initially used for olive fruit fly monitoring at the onset of their invasion into California, but the use of McPhail traps is now recommended. DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// DO - 10.1080/09670870801975174 VL - 54 IS - 3 SP - 227-234 SN - 1366-5863 KW - IPMT trap KW - McPhail trap KW - ChamP trap KW - AM trap KW - invasive species KW - trapping ER - TY - JOUR TI - The drosophila gap gene giant has an anterior segment identity function mediated through disconnected and teashirt AU - Sanders, Lisa R. AU - Pate, Mukund AU - Mahaffey, James W. T2 - GENETICS AB - Abstract The C2H2 zinc-finger-containing transcription factors encoded by the disconnected (disco) and teashirt (tsh) genes contribute to the regionalization of the Drosophila embryo by establishing fields in which specific Homeotic complex (Hom-C) proteins can function. In Drosophila embryos, disco and the paralogous disco-related (disco-r) are expressed throughout most of the epidermis of the head segments, but only in small patches in the trunk segments. Conversely, tsh is expressed extensively in the trunk segments, with little or no accumulation in the head segments. Little is known about the regulation of these genes; for example, what limits their expression to these domains? Here, we report the regulatory effects of gap genes on the spatial expression of disco, disco-r, and tsh during Drosophila embryogenesis. The data shed new light on how mutations in giant (gt) affect patterning within the anterior gt domain, demonstrating homeotic function in this domain. However, the homeosis does not occur through altered expression of the Hom-C genes but through changes in the regulation of disco and tsh. DA - 2008/5// PY - 2008/5// DO - 10.1534/genetics.107.084988 VL - 179 IS - 1 SP - 441-453 SN - 1943-2631 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impact of source reduction on the spatial distribution of larvae and pupae of Aedes albopictus (Diptera : Culicidae) in suburban neighborhoods of a Piedmont community in North Carolina AU - Richards, Stephanie L. AU - Ghosh, Sujit K. AU - Zeichner, Brian C. AU - Apperson, Charles S. T2 - JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY AB - Aedes albopictus (Skuse) is a principal nuisance mosquito species and a potential arbovirus vector throughout its geographic range in the United States. This species lays eggs, and progeny complete development in water-filled containers that are discarded in suburban landscapes. Source reduction of containers, achieved through environmental sanitation, was used to experimentally manipulate mosquito production to gain insight into the spatial structure of the population of immature Ae. albopictus. Our studies were conducted in suburban landscapes in Raleigh, NC, during the 2002 and 2003 mosquito seasons. Spatial analyses, using estimates of the mean and total standing crop of pupae and counts of the numbers of mosquito-positive containers, showed that the distribution of mosquito production was not spatially dependent on a neighborhood-wide basis. However, in all neighborhoods, mosquito production was clustered in at least one and often more than one adjacent residence. Point pattern analyses that considered only the presence or absence of pupae showed that pupae-positive residences were dispersed throughout neighborhoods receiving monthly source reduction treatments and clustered throughout control neighborhoods, indicating that source reduction affected the spatial distribution of pupae. Conversely, spatial analyses based on the presence or absence of larvae and pupae showed that mosquito production was randomly distributed among residences in both control and source reduction neighborhoods, showing that Ae. albopictus recolonized containers within several weeks after source reduction was implemented. Knowledge of the spatial distribution of production sites would allow management efforts for Ae. albopictus to be targeted to residences supporting high levels of mosquito production. DA - 2008/7// PY - 2008/7// DO - 10.1603/0022-2585(2008)45[617:IOSROT]2.0.CO;2 VL - 45 IS - 4 SP - 617-628 SN - 1938-2928 KW - Aedes albopictus KW - spatial analysis KW - geographic information systems KW - mosquito production KW - source reduction ER - TY - JOUR TI - Variation in genetic architecture of olfactory behaviour among wild-derived populations of Drosophila melanogaster AU - Lavagnino, N. J. AU - Anholt, R. R. H. AU - Fanara, J. J. T2 - JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY AB - Odour-guided behaviour is a quantitative trait determined by many genes that are sensitive to gene-environment interactions. Different natural populations are likely to experience different selection pressures on the genetic underpinnings of chemosensory behaviour. However, few studies have reported comparisons of the quantitative genetic basis of olfactory behaviour in geographically distinct populations. We generated isofemale lines of Drosophila melanogaster from six populations in Argentina and measured larval and adult responses to benzaldehyde. There was significant variation within populations for both larval and adult olfactory behaviour and a significant genotype x sex interaction (GSI) for adult olfactory behaviour. However, there is substantial variation in the contribution of GSI to the total phenotypic variance among populations. Estimates of evolvability are orders of magnitude higher for larvae than for adults. Our results suggest that the potential for evolutionary adaptation to the chemosensory environment is greater at the larval feeding stage than at the adult reproductive stage. DA - 2008/7// PY - 2008/7// DO - 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01546.x VL - 21 IS - 4 SP - 988-996 SN - 1010-061X KW - behaviour KW - chemical ecology KW - genetic variation KW - phenotypic plasticity KW - quantitative genetics ER - TY - JOUR TI - The impact of herbivore-induced plant volatiles on parasitoid foraging success: A general deterministic model AU - Puente, Molly E. AU - Kennedy, George G. AU - Gould, Fred T2 - JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY DA - 2008/7// PY - 2008/7// DO - 10.1007/s10886-008-9471-x VL - 34 IS - 7 SP - 945-958 SN - 1573-1561 KW - herbivore-induced plant volatiles KW - tritrophic interactions KW - parasitoid behavior KW - deterministic model KW - signal utility KW - Heliothis virescens KW - Pieris rapae ER - TY - JOUR TI - Polysaccharide Degradation and Synthesis by Extremely Thermophilic Anaerobes AU - VanFossen, A.L. AU - Lewis, D.L. AU - Nichols, J.D. AU - Kelly, R.M. T2 - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AB - Extremely thermophilic fermentative anaerobes (growth T opt ≥ 70°C) have the capacity to use a variety of carbohydrates as carbon and energy sources. As such, a wide variety of glycoside hydrolases and transferases have been identified in these microorganisms. The genomes of three model extreme thermophiles—an archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus ( T opt = 98°C), and two bacteria, Thermotoga maritima ( T opt = 80°C) and Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus (T opt = 70°C)—encode numerous carbohydrate‐active enzymes, many of which have been characterized biochemically in their native or recombinant forms. In addition to their voracious appetite for polysaccharide degradation, polysaccharide production has also been noted for extremely thermophilic fermentative anaerobes; T. maritima generates exopolysaccharides that aid in biofilm formation, a process that appears to be driven by intraspecies and interspecies interactions. DA - 2008/3// PY - 2008/3// DO - 10.1196/annals.1419.017 VL - 1125 IS - 1 SP - 322–337 SN - 0077-8923 KW - Pyrococcus furiosus KW - Thermotoga maritima KW - Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus KW - extremely thermophilic organism KW - thermophile KW - glycoside hydrolases KW - exopolysaccharides ER - TY - JOUR TI - Phenotypic plasticity and genotype by environment interaction for olfactory behavior in Drosophila melanogaster AU - Sambandan, Deepa AU - Carbone, Mary Anna AU - Anholt, Robert R. H. AU - Mackay, Trudy E. C. T2 - GENETICS AB - Abstract Genotype by environment interactions (GEI) play a major part in shaping the genetic architecture of quantitative traits and are confounding factors in genetic studies, for example, in attempts to associate genetic variation with disease susceptibility. It is generally not known what proportion of phenotypic variation is due to GEI and how many and which genes contribute to GEI. Behaviors are complex traits that mediate interactions with the environment and, thus, are ideally suited for studies of GEI. Olfactory behavior in Drosophila melanogaster presents an opportunity to systematically dissect GEI, since large numbers of genetically identical individuals can be reared under defined environmental conditions and the olfactory system of Drosophila and its behavioral response to odorants have been well characterized. We assessed variation in olfactory behavior in a population of 41 wild-derived inbred lines and asked to what extent different larval-rearing environments would influence adult olfactory behavior and whether GEI is a minor or major contributing source of phenotypic variation. We found that ∼50% of phenotypic variation in adult olfactory behavior is attributable to GEI. In contrast, transcriptional analysis revealed that only 20 genes show GEI at the level of gene expression [false discovery rate (FDR) &lt; 0.05], some of which are associated with physiological responses to environmental chemicals. Quantitative complementation tests with piggyBac-tagged mutants for 2 of these genes (CG9664 and Transferrin 1) demonstrate that genes that show transcriptional GEI are candidate genes for olfactory behavior and that GEI at the level of gene expression is correlated with GEI at the level of phenotype. DA - 2008/6// PY - 2008/6// DO - 10.1534/genetics.108.086769 VL - 179 IS - 2 SP - 1079-1088 SN - 0016-6731 ER - TY - PAT TI - Ornamental sweetpotato plant named 'Sweet Caroline Green Yellow' AU - Yencho, G. AU - Pecota, K. C2 - 2008/// DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// ER - TY - PAT TI - Ornamental sweetpotato plant named 'Sweet Caroline Bewitched Purple' AU - Yencho, G. AU - Pecota, K. C2 - 2008/// DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Molecular characterization of the major hemelipoglycoprotein in ixodid ticks AU - Donohue, K. V. AU - Khalil, S. M. S. AU - Mitchell, R. D. AU - Sonenshine, D. E. AU - Roe, R. Michael T2 - INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AB - The major hemelipoglyco-carrier protein (CP) found throughout the development of male and female adult American dog ticks, Dermacentor variabilis (Say) was sequenced. DvCP is a single transcript coding for two protein subunits that together contain three motifs: (1) a lipoprotein n-terminal domain that is a common attribute of proteins that bind lipids, carbohydrates and metals; (2) a domain of unknown function characteristic of proteins with several large open beta sheets; and (3) a von Willebrand factor type D domain near the carboxy-terminus apparently important for multimerization. These motifs, which are also found in tick vitellogenin, are not shared by heme-binding proteins studied thus far in other hematophagous insects. DvCP message was highest in fat body and salivary gland but was also found in midgut and ovary tissue. Expression was initiated by blood feeding in virgin females and not by mating, as is typical of tick vitellogenin; and the message was found in fed males at levels similar to part fed, virgin females. CP appears to be highly conserved among the Ixodida. The closest match by BlastP to DvCP is vitellogenin from Caenorhabditis elegans (AAC04423), suggesting that CP is a novel protein. The role of CP in heme sequestration, the evolution of hematophagy and host complementation are discussed. DA - 2008/6// PY - 2008/6// DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2008.00794.x VL - 17 IS - 3 SP - 197-208 SN - 1365-2583 KW - heme KW - lipoprotein KW - hematophagy KW - blood feeding KW - Ixodidae ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impact of herbivore-induced plant volatiles on parasitoid foraging success: A spatial simulation of the Cotesia rubecula, pieris rapae, and Brassica oleracea system AU - Puente, Molly AU - Magori, Krisztian AU - Kennedy, George G. AU - Gould, Fred T2 - JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY DA - 2008/7// PY - 2008/7// DO - 10.1007/s10886-008-9472-9 VL - 34 IS - 7 SP - 959-970 SN - 1573-1561 KW - tritrophic interactions KW - herbivore-induced plant volatiles KW - parasitoid behavior KW - signal utility KW - spatial simulation model ER - TY - JOUR TI - Identification of bacteria and bacteria-associated chemical cues that mediate oviposition site preferences by Aedes aegypti AU - Ponnusamy, Loganathan AU - Xu, Ning AU - Nojima, Satoshi AU - Wesson, Dawn M. AU - Schal, Coby AU - Apperson, Charles S. T2 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AB - The yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti , the global vector of dengue and yellow fever, is inexorably linked to water-filled human-made containers for egg laying and production of progeny. Oviposition is stimulated by cues from water containers, but the nature and origin of these cues have not been elucidated. We showed that mosquito females directed most of their eggs to bamboo and white-oak leaf infusions, and only a small fraction of the eggs were laid in plain water containers. In binary choice assays, we demonstrated that microorganisms in leaf infusions produced oviposition-stimulating kairomones, and using a combination of bacterial culturing approaches, bioassay-guided fractionation of bacterial extracts, and chemical analyses, we now demonstrate that specific bacteria-associated carboxylic acids and methyl esters serve as potent oviposition stimulants for gravid Ae. aegypti . Elucidation of these compounds will improve understanding of the chemical basis of egg laying behavior of Ae. aegypti , and the kairomones will likely enhance the efficacy of surveillance and control programs for this disease vector of substantial global public health importance. DA - 2008/7/8/ PY - 2008/7/8/ DO - 10.1073/pnas.0802505105 VL - 105 IS - 27 SP - 9262-9267 SN - 0027-8424 KW - kairomone KW - semiochemical KW - mosquito KW - egg-laying KW - dengue vector control ER - TY - JOUR TI - Extremely thermophilic microorganisms for biomass conversion: status and prospects AU - Blumer-Schuette, Sara E. AU - Kataeva, Irina AU - Westpheling, Janet AU - Adams, Michael W. W. AU - Kelly, Robert M. T2 - CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY AB - Many microorganisms that grow at elevated temperatures are able to utilize a variety of carbohydrates pertinent to the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to bioenergy. The range of substrates utilized depends on growth temperature optimum and biotope. Hyperthermophilic marine archaea (T(opt)>or=80 degrees C) utilize alpha- and beta-linked glucans, such as starch, barley glucan, laminarin, and chitin, while hyperthermophilic marine bacteria (T(opt)>or=80 degrees C) utilize the same glucans as well as hemicellulose, such as xylans and mannans. However, none of these organisms are able to efficiently utilize crystalline cellulose. Among the thermophiles, this ability is limited to a few terrestrial bacteria with upper temperature limits for growth near 75 degrees C. Deconstruction of crystalline cellulose by these extreme thermophiles is achieved by 'free' primary cellulases, which are distinct from those typically associated with large multi-enzyme complexes known as cellulosomes. These primary cellulases also differ from the endoglucanases (referred to here as 'secondary cellulases') reported from marine hyperthermophiles that show only weak activity toward cellulose. Many extremely thermophilic enzymes implicated in the deconstruction of lignocellulose can be identified in genome sequences, and many more promising biocatalysts probably remain annotated as 'hypothetical proteins'. Characterization of these enzymes will require intensive effort but is likely to generate new opportunities for the use of renewable resources as biofuels. DA - 2008/6// PY - 2008/6// DO - 10.1016/j.copbio.2008.04.007 VL - 19 IS - 3 SP - 210-217 SN - 0958-1669 ER - TY - PCOMM TI - Data sets matter, but so do evolution and ecology AU - Fitzpatrick, Matthew C. AU - Dunn, Robert R. AU - Sanders, Nathan J. AB - A response to Peterson, A.T. & Nakazawa, Y. (2008) Environmental data sets matter in ecological niche modelling: an example with Solenopsis invicta and Solenopsis richteri. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 17, 135–144. In a recent paper, Peterson & Nakazawa (2008) (hereafter PN) contest key findings in our study (Fitzpatrick et al., 2007) that suggest that Solenopsis invicta (hereafter the fire ant) underwent a niche shift upon its invasion of North America. Using niche-based models, we proposed that the fire ant established in environments similar to those found in its native range but subsequently spread into environments unlike those found within its native range – a pattern strikingly similar to that suggested by Broennimann et al. (2007) for spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa). PN counter that our findings are simply an artefact of the environmental variables we used to model the fire ant's distributions and suggest instead that selection of alternative variables can produce a more correct prediction of the fire ant's invasion. PN conclude that the biological explanations offered in Fitzpatrick et al. (2007) for the non-predictivity between the fire ant's native and invaded distributions, namely enemy release, genetic founder effects and hybridization, are not necessary. Here we respond to PN's criticisms. We disagree with the contentions outlined in PN on the grounds that the authors (1) subjectively consider what represents a ‘correct’ prediction of the fire ant's niche, (2) do not discuss the potential for niches to be conserved along some environmental axes but not others and, most significantly, (3) do not adequately represent our original analyses in Fitzpatrick et al. (2007) by not testing the ability of the fire ant's invaded distribution to predict its native range using their alternative data sets. We demonstrate, using the procedures outlined in Fitzpatrick et al. (2007) and the set of environmental variables in PN that represents a subset of the variables used in Fitzpatrick et al. (2007), that the results from our original study stand. PN state that, owing to small sample sizes, their ‘test’ of model predictions was qualitative. The failure of models to ‘anticipate the full northward extent of the species’ invasion was taken as an indication of poor generalization’ (emphasis ours). We do not take issue with such a qualitative and subjective ‘test’ of model quality per se. But, if PN apply such a test to predictions of the invaded range, they must also apply the same ‘test’ to distributions predicted for the native range. PN seem satisfied with predictions of the fire ant's invaded distribution in North America as long as models anticipate at least a portion of the northern limit of the fire ant's invasion (not the full northern limit or the western limit) – no matter how low model agreement or how poorly models predict other portions of the fire ant's distributions (e.g. over-prediction of the fire ant's native range). In contrast, they dismiss models that fail their test of a ‘correct’ prediction, but that replicate the fire ant's native distribution in South America (upon which the models were based), including models that correctly predict the southern limit of the native range, which is roughly analogous to the north limit of the introduced range. Our differences in interpretation originate, at least in part, from an essential difference between the goal of Fitzpatrick et al. (2007) and that of PN. Fitzpatrick et al. (2007) attempted to test for and offer hypotheses that might explain a niche shift, while PN attempt to replicate a well-documented invasion by selecting variables that generally predict the fire ant's invaded distribution, regardless of model performance elsewhere. Therefore, PN consider the fire ant's niche to be modelled ‘correctly’ when the prediction meets their criteria in the invaded range, even if models fail to predict the native range. We consider the fire ant's niche to be modelled ‘correctly’ when models predict all extents of both the native and invaded ranges, because if the niche of a species is conserved, then a single model should in principle predict both the native and the invaded range (Wiens & Graham, 2005). Such a gestalt evaluation, in tandem with comparisons in bioclimatic space (rather than geographical space alone, e.g. using principal components analysis), is more likely to identify instances of niche shifts (or lack thereof) rather than a focus on particular characteristics of the predicted invaded distribution alone. On these grounds, we take particular issue with PN's claim that four of the environmental data sets used in their paper could correctly predict the fire ant's potential to invade North America – even when considering their definition of a ‘correct’ prediction. These four data sets include data from: (1) the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), (2) the Center for Climate Research at the University of Delaware (CCR), (3) monthly surface reflectance values drawn from the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and (4) a subset of the data layers from the WordClim data set (‘reduced WC2’; see Peterson & Nakazawa, 2008, for full descriptions of these data and citations). Of these four, only the ‘reduced WC2’ data set comes close to correctly predicting both the invaded and the native range using native range occurrence data (but see Issue 3 below). Both IPCC and CCR do a poor job of predicting the fire ant's invasive potential in North America. There are absences in the predicted distributions where fire ants are known to be present and regions with thin coverage (i.e. low model agreement). The IPCC data set predicts, also with low model agreement, that fire ants could invade areas north of the Arctic Circle. To consider these models as correct predictions of the fire ant's invasive potential is misleading. NDVI does anticipate the full northward extent of the fire ant's invasion. However, NDVI also over-predicts the native range (including its southern extent), suggesting that NDVI does not limit the fire ant's native distribution. This notion is strengthened by the fact that NDVI also predicts coastal Maine and regions of Canada north of Minnesota to be susceptible to invasion by fire ants. Because fire ant physiology has been intensively studied, we know that these northern regions are not suitable areas that fire ants have yet to colonize. Such over-prediction is to be expected when remotely sensed data are used as surrogates for climate variables because distant regions may exhibit similar spectral signatures even if they have substantially different climates. Given the amount of baggage that comes with the niche concept and its relationship to niche-based models, it is debatable whether differentiating between fundamental and realized niches is useful (Guisan & Thuiller, 2005; Araújo & Guisan, 2006; Soberón, 2007). However, in a general sense, distinguishing between fundamental and realized niches is a simple way to clarify the primary issue with projecting biological invasions using observed distributions of species in their native range. Further, distinguishing between fundamental and realized niches is useful when discussing niche conservatism because niche shifts can result from a change in the realized niche only (e.g. relaxation of biotic constraints on distribution with no change in climatic tolerances), or also from a change in both the realized and fundamental niche (Pearman et al., 2008). Niche-based models are applied and often discussed in the context of Hutchinson's niche concept. As defined by Hutchinson (1957), the fundamental niche represents the complete set of environmental conditions under which a species can persist, whereas the realized niche is the subset of those conditions within the fundamental niche that the species actually occupies. Because observed distributions of species reflect multiple determinants, including climatic tolerances, biotic interactions, and dispersal limitation, niche-based models developed using observed distributions will predict the geographic equivalent of the realized niche. When such a model is projected, the model identifies where the species is likely to invade as long as the combinations of biotic and abiotic constraints on the native distribution of the species remain unchanged and the species does not evolve. As has been widely theorized and empirically validated, changes to both realized and fundamental niches are possible during an invasion given the potential for release from biotic and other non-climatic constraints on distribution and adaptation (see Pearman et al., 2008, for a recent review of these topics as well as a comprehensive list of examples of both niche shifts and niche conservatism drawn from many taxa). A larger issue is the fact that there is no standard measure of what constitutes a niche shift. How much a species’ niche has to change for it no longer to be conserved is an open question. It is unlikely that any introduced species invades a new territory without experiencing some degree of niche shift, since it is highly unlikely that identical combinations of environmental conditions exist in both the native and introduced ranges – especially when considering more than a few environmental variables. Whether such niche shifts result from species realizing more of their fundamental niche or from founder effects or subsequent evolution that leads to change in both the realized and fundamental niche is irrelevant to our argument as niche-based models cannot distinguish these possibilities. Nonetheless, decades of evolutionary and ecological theory and a large body of empirical evidence documenting that invasive species can experience rapid evolution as well as release from biotic constraints on distribution suggest that niche shifts should be commonplace when species are introduced to new biogeographical settings. In this vein, PN do not explore as a possible explanation for the ability of their models with fewer variables to better replicate the fire ant's invasion that niches may shift along some environmental axes while being conserved along others. There is little reason to think that a species’ niche will shift along all environmental axes simultaneously. It is entirely plausible, and we would argue much more likely, for a species’ niche to shift along one axis or a few axes such that they may tolerate, say, different moisture conditions, while conserving their tolerance of minimum temperature. Such a scenario may explain why the ‘reduced WC2’ data set predicts more of the fire ant's invaded distribution than varaibles used in our original analysis. The fire ant's niche may have shifted along an environmental axis represented by variables in the ‘full WC2’ data set, but which is not represented in the ‘reduced WC2’ data set. Further, given that dimensionality is reduced as environmental variables are removed from consideration, models will tend to produce a broader predicted niche (and distribution) because the number of possible constraints on the niche is correspondingly reduced as well. In any event, as we outline in Issue 3, our analysis using the ‘reduced WC2’ data set does not eliminate the necessity for biological explanations for the non-transferability of models between the fire ant's ranges as claimed by PN. Despite the availability of data describing the fire ant's invaded distribution, PN employed only native distribution data in their analysis (and used slightly different native distribution data than the data used in our original analysis). We performed an analysis identical to that described in Fitzpatrick et al. (2007) using PN's ‘reduced WC2’ data set and the original Desktop garp algorithm within the Open Modeller framework. We focus on the ‘reduced WC2’ data set because it represents a subset of the original variables used in Fitzpatrick et al. (2007). In additional, we used the ‘ade4’ package in r version 2.6.0 to test for niche conservatism by comparing the positions of native and invaded range distribution data in the climatic space resulting from a principal components analysis on the ‘reduced WC2’ data set. We weighted occurrences to ensure that both the invaded range (741 points) and the native range (74 points) had equal representation. The significance of the difference between the fire ant's native and invaded niches (i.e. the two clusters of points in PCA space) was assessed using a between-class analysis (see Broennimann et al., 2007, for a relevant application) and by performing a Monte Carlo test (99 permutations) on the resulting between-class inertia percentage. Our analysis using the ‘reduced WC2’ data set confirmed our original findings. When examined in ‘reduced WC2’ climatic space, the invaded niche of the fire ant is significantly different from its native niche (between-class inertia: 40.0%; P < 0.01), mainly along an axis associated with temperature (data not shown). This finding suggests that the fire ant has invaded colder temperatures than those characterizing its native distribution. This niche shift was revealed in geographical space when models developed using the ‘reduced WC2’ data set were projected (Fig. 1, right panel). Models developed using native range occurrences failed to predict the full northward extent of the fire ant's invasion (even when we considered model agreement as low as 25%; black shading in Fig. 1b, right panel), whereas models developed using invaded range occurrences also over-predicted the southern limit of the native range (Fig. 1d, right panel). These projections are nearly identical to those obtained in our original analysis (Fig. 1, left panel). Potential distributions of Solenopsis invicta developed using niche-based models and two environmental data sets. The left panel is the original as published in Fitzpatrick et al. (2007) and contended by Peterson and Nakazawa (2008). The right panel replicates our original analysis using the reduced WorldClim data set (reduced WC2) of Peterson and Nakazawa (2008). In both panels, native range models represent (a) the potential native and (b) the potential invaded distributions of the fire ant based on 74 known occurrences in South America (a, open circles). Invaded range models represent (c) the potential invaded and (d) the potential native range of the fire ant based on the central points of 741 US counties (c, points not shown). Bold, solid lines indicate the approximate extent of the native (a, d) and invaded (b, c) range of the fire ant. Darker shading represents greater model agreement. Black shading in the right panel (b) represents areas where model agreement is at least 25%. As in the original analysis on the left, the ‘reduced WC2’ data set under-predicts the invaded range (b, right panel) and over-predicts the native range (d, right panel). We continue to argue that these ‘prediction errors’ are biologically interesting and a more biologically rigorous model confirms our notion. Morrison et al. (2004) used a mechanistic, physiological model based on colony growth rates in North America (Korzukhin et al., 2001) to predict the potential global extent of the fire ant's distribution. In accordance with our analysis, predictions from the colony-growth model also suggest that the fire ant's native distribution could extend further south than its currently recognized boundary in South America (Morrison et al., 2004). The most parsimonious explanation, supported by both niche-based and physiological models, is that the fire ant's niche was not conserved upon its invasion of North America. Whether this apparent niche shift represents a change in the fire ant's realized or fundamental niche remains unclear, because, to our knowledge, no such physiological model has been developed for fire ant populations in South America. There is little reason to believe that predicted distributions based on species distribution models will ever match observed distributions perfectly. Certainly some prediction errors will prove to be uninteresting and related to data quality or statistical inaccuracies. Therefore, it is important to point out such potential sources of uncertainty in both our original analysis and that presented here. For example, the environmental conditions that fire ants experience on the ground are likely to differ vastly in some regions from those characterized by temporally and spatially generalized climate data – especially in regions such as the desert south-west of the United States where fire ants persist mainly where irrigation is prevalent. This fact alone could account for some modelling discrepancies and highlights the caution required when using niche-based models to test hypotheses regarding species–climate relationships (Araújo et al., 2005). Further, there is now a consensus among researchers that projections can vary widely with the statistical technique used to model geographical distributions and therefore a range of modelling techniques and ensemble forecasting (Araújo & New, 2007) should ideally be used to reduce and quantify such model-based uncertainty. In both the analysis here and our original analysis we used only one algorithm, garp. An investigation of the ability of other statistical approaches to predict the invasion of the fire ant (and other invasive species) is warranted. In fact the well-studied fire ant could serve as an excellent test of the ability of different techniques to project invasions. Finally, in keeping with our interest in replicating our original analysis, we did not validate our findings using all of PN's data sets, namely IPCC, CCR or NDVI. Nonetheless, we view certain model errors as biologically interesting and necessitating biological explanations – since it is biological processes that species distribution models notoriously ignore. Niches can change owing to drift, enemy release, selection, hybridization and simply as a consequence of genetic founder effects during invasion. Some or all of these factors could result in niche shifts that are potentially detectable at the broad spatial scales at which niche-based models are commonly applied. Understanding the prevalence of and mechanisms behind such shifts is of theoretical and applied interest and may facilitate improvements in our ability to anticipate both biological invasions and the potential impacts of climate change on biodiversity. We agree that the role of environmental data sets in these issues merits careful investigation. However, by implying that model errors are simply the result of variable selection and do not warrant biological explanations, PN may have inadvertently exposed niche modelling studies to yet another criticism. M.C.F. acknowledges support from the University of Tennessee in the form of a Yates Dissertation Fellowship and through the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. We thank an anonymous referee, Gregory Crutsinger, William Hargrove, J. P. Lessard, David Nogués-Bravo and Daniel Simberloff for improving an early draft of this paper. Editor: José Alexandre F. Diniz-Filho DA - 2008/7// PY - 2008/7// DO - 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2008.00389.x SP - 562-565 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-44949140492&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Climate change, plant migration, and range collapse in a global biodiversity hotspot: the Banksia (Proteaceae) of Western Australia AU - Fitzpatrick, Matthew C. AU - Gove, Aaron D. AU - Sanders, Nathan J. AU - Dunn, Robert R. T2 - GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY AB - Abstract Climate change has already altered global patterns of biodiversity by modifying the geographic distributions of species. Forecasts based on bioclimatic envelop modeling of distributions of species suggests greater impacts can be expected in the future, but such projections are contingent on assumptions regarding future climate and migration rates of species. Here, we present a first assessment of the potential impact of climate change on a global biodiversity hotspot in southwestern Western Australia. Across three representative scenarios of future climate change, we simulated migration of 100 Banksia (Proteaceae) species at a rate of 5 km decade −1 and compared projected impacts with those under the commonly applied, but acknowledged as inadequate, assumptions of ‘full‐’ and ‘no‐migration.’ Across all climate × migration scenarios, 66% of species were projected to decline, whereas only 6% were projected to expand or remain stable. Between 5% and 25% of species were projected to suffer range losses of 100% by 2080, depending mainly on climate scenario. Species losses were driven primarily by changes in current precipitation regimes, with the greatest losses of species projected to occur in a transition zone between wet coastal areas and interior arid regions and which is projected to become more arid in the future. Because the ranges of most species tended to collapse in all climate scenarios, we found that climate change impacts to flora of southwestern Western Australia may be large, even under optimistic assumptions regarding migration abilities. Taken together, our results suggest that the future of biodiversity in southwestern Western Australia may lie largely in the degree to which this hotspot experiences increased drought and in the ability of species to tolerate such decreases in precipitation. More broadly, our study is among a growing number of theoretical studies suggesting the impacts of future climate change on global biodiversity may be considerable. DA - 2008/6// PY - 2008/6// DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01559.x VL - 14 IS - 6 SP - 1337-1352 SN - 1365-2486 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-43349092796&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - bioclimatic KW - dispersal KW - ecological niche KW - endemic KW - extinction KW - MAXENT KW - maximum entropy KW - niche-based model KW - range shift KW - species distribution model ER - TY - JOUR TI - Response to paper "Systems Thinking" by D. Cabrera et al.: Conceptualizing systems thinking in evaluation AU - Nowell, Branda T2 - EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING DA - 2008/8// PY - 2008/8// DO - 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2008.04.007 VL - 31 IS - 3 SP - 329-331 SN - 1873-7870 ER - TY - PAT TI - Ornamental sweetpotato plant named 'Sweet Caroline Sweetheart Purple' AU - Yencho, G. C. AU - Pecota, K. AU - Hancock, C. N. C2 - 2008/// DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// ER - TY - PAT TI - Ornamental sweetpotato plant named 'Sweet Caroline Sweetheart Light Green' AU - Yencho, G. C. AU - Pecota, K. AU - Hancock, C. N. C2 - 2008/// DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Movement ecology: Size-specific behavioral response of an invasive snail to food availability AU - Snider, Sunny B. AU - Gilliam, James F. T2 - ECOLOGY AB - Immigration, emigration, migration, and redistribution describe processes that involve movement of individuals. These movements are an essential part of contemporary ecological models, and understanding how movement is affected by biotic and abiotic factors is important for effectively modeling ecological processes that depend on movement. We asked how phenotypic heterogeneity (body size) and environmental heterogeneity (food resource level) affect the movement behavior of an aquatic snail (Tarebia granifera), and whether including these phenotypic and environmental effects improves advection-diffusion models of movement. We postulated various elaborations of the basic advection diffusion model as a priori working hypotheses. To test our hypotheses we measured individual snail movements in experimental streams at high- and low-food resource treatments. Using these experimental movement data, we examined the dependency of model selection on resource level and body size using Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC). At low resources, large individuals moved faster than small individuals, producing a platykurtic movement distribution; including size dependency in the model improved model performance. In stark contrast, at high resources, individuals moved upstream together as a wave, and body size differences largely disappeared. The model selection exercise indicated that population heterogeneity is best described by the advection component of movement for this species, because the top-ranked model included size dependency in advection, but not diffusion. Also, all probable models included resource dependency. Thus population and environmental heterogeneities both influence individual movement behaviors and the population-level distribution kernels, and their interaction may drive variation in movement behaviors in terms of both advection rates and diffusion rates. A behaviorally informed modeling framework will integrate the sentient response of individuals in terms of movement and enhance our ability to accurately model ecological processes that depend on animal movement. DA - 2008/7// PY - 2008/7// DO - 10.1890/07-0715.1 VL - 89 IS - 7 SP - 1961-1971 SN - 1939-9170 KW - advection-diffusion models KW - aquatic snail KW - body size KW - environmental heterogeneity KW - food resources KW - invasion KW - movement behavior KW - movement ecology KW - phenotypic heterogeneity KW - Tarebia granifera KW - Trinidad KW - West Indies ER - TY - JOUR TI - Microwave activation of enzymatic catalysis AU - Young, Douglas D. AU - Nichols, Jason AU - Kelly, Robert M. AU - Deiters, Alexander T2 - JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY AB - Microwave irradiation can be used to regulate biocatalysis. Herein, the utilization of hyperthermophilic enzymes in a microwave reactor is reported. While these enzymes are inactive at low temperatures, they can be activated with microwave irradiation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first illustration of a specific microwave effect in enzymatic catalysis. DA - 2008/8/6/ PY - 2008/8/6/ DO - 10.1021/ja802404g VL - 130 IS - 31 SP - 10048-+ SN - 0002-7863 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Further Reflections on the WorldCat Collection Analysis Tool AU - Davis, Hilary AU - Day, Annette AU - Orcutt, Darby T2 - COLLECTION MANAGEMENT AB - ABSTRACT This article focuses on a recent enhancement to the WorldCat Collection Analysis tool, the Interlibrary Loan Analyses module, exploring the possibilities that this enhancement offers for strategic collection development. The study concentrates on the tool as a way to assess the impact of the recent growth at North Carolina State University in biomedicine and human medicine programs. The research contained in this article originated from a session presented at XXVII Annual Charleston Conference, which was held in Charleston, South Carolina, on November 8, 2007. DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// DO - 10.1080/01462670802045566 VL - 33 IS - 3 SP - 236-245 SN - 1545-2549 KW - WorldCat Collection Analysis KW - strategic collection decisions KW - interlibrary loan data KW - interlibrary loan analyses ER - TY - JOUR TI - Determining optimal population monitoring for rare butterflies AU - Haddad, Nick M. AU - Hudgens, Brian AU - Damiani, Chris AU - Gross, Kevin AU - Kuefler, Daniel AU - Pollock, Ken T2 - CONSERVATION BIOLOGY AB - Abstract: Determining population viability of rare insects depends on precise, unbiased estimates of population size and other demographic parameters. We used data on the endangered St. Francis' satyr butterfly ( Neonympha mitchellii francisci ) to evaluate 2 approaches (mark–recapture and transect counts) for population analysis of rare butterflies. Mark–recapture analysis provided by far the greatest amount of demographic information, including estimates (and standard errors) of population size, detection, survival, and recruitment probabilities. Mark–recapture analysis can also be used to estimate dispersal and temporal variation in rates, although we did not do this here. Models of seasonal flight phenologies derived from transect counts (Insect Count Analyzer) provided an index of population size and estimates of survival and statistical uncertainty. Pollard–Yates population indices derived from transect counts did not provide estimates of demographic parameters. This index may be highly biased if detection and survival probabilities vary spatially and temporally. In terms of statistical performance, mark–recapture and Pollard–Yates indices were least variable. Mark–recapture estimates were less likely to fail than Insect Count Analyzer, but mark–recapture estimates became less precise as sampling intensity decreased. In general, count‐based approaches are less costly and less likely to cause harm to rare insects than mark–recapture. The optimal monitoring approach must reconcile these trade‐offs. Thus, mark–recapture should be favored when demographic estimates are needed, when financial resources enable frequent sampling, and when marking does not harm the insect populations. The optimal sampling strategy may use 2 sampling methods together in 1 overall sampling plan: limited mark–recapture sampling to estimate survival and detection probabilities and frequent but less expensive transect counts. DA - 2008/8// PY - 2008/8// DO - 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00932.x VL - 22 IS - 4 SP - 929-940 SN - 1523-1739 KW - butterflies KW - distance sampling KW - endangered butterflies KW - insects KW - mark-recapture KW - rare species KW - species monitoring KW - threatened species KW - transect counts ER - TY - JOUR TI - TAA1-mediated auxin biosynthesis is essential for hormone crosstalk and plant development AU - Stepanova, Anna N. AU - Robertson-Hoyt, Joyce AU - Yun, Jeonga AU - Benavente, Larissa M. AU - Xie, De-Yu AU - Dolezal, Karel AU - Schlereth, Alexandra AU - Juergens, Gerd AU - Alonso, Jose M. T2 - CELL AB - Plants have evolved a tremendous ability to respond to environmental changes by adapting their growth and development. The interaction between hormonal and developmental signals is a critical mechanism in the generation of this enormous plasticity. A good example is the response to the hormone ethylene that depends on tissue type, developmental stage, and environmental conditions. By characterizing the Arabidopsis wei8 mutant, we have found that a small family of genes mediates tissue-specific responses to ethylene. Biochemical studies revealed that WEI8 encodes a long-anticipated tryptophan aminotransferase, TAA1, in the essential, yet genetically uncharacterized, indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPA) branch of the auxin biosynthetic pathway. Analysis of TAA1 and its paralogues revealed a link between local auxin production, tissue-specific ethylene effects, and organ development. Thus, the IPA route of auxin production is key to generating robust auxin gradients in response to environmental and developmental cues. DA - 2008/4/4/ PY - 2008/4/4/ DO - 10.1016/j.cell.2008.01.047 VL - 133 IS - 1 SP - 177-191 SN - 1097-4172 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-41149143843&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Species' traits predict the effects of disturbance and productivity on diversity AU - Haddad, Nick M. AU - Holyoak, Marcel AU - Mata, Tawny M. AU - Davies, Kendi F. AU - Melbourne, Brett A. AU - Preston, Kim T2 - ECOLOGY LETTERS AB - Disturbance is an important factor influencing diversity patterns. Ecological theory predicts that diversity peaks at intermediate levels of disturbance, but this pattern is not present in a majority of empirical tests and can be influenced by the level of ecosystem productivity. We experimentally tested the effects of disturbance on diversity and show that species' autecological traits and community relations predicted species loss. We found that - alone or in concert - increasing disturbance intensity or frequency, or decreasing productivity, reduced diversity. Our species did not exhibit a clear competition-colonization trade-off, and intrinsic growth rate was a more important predictor of response to disturbance and productivity than measures of competitive ability. Furthermore, competitive ability was more important in predicting responses when, in addition to killing individuals, disturbance returned nutrients to the ecosystem. Our results demonstrate that species' traits can help resolve conflicting patterns in the response of diversity to disturbance and productivity. DA - 2008/4// PY - 2008/4// DO - 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01149.x VL - 11 IS - 4 SP - 348-356 SN - 1461-0248 KW - community KW - disturbance KW - diversity KW - productivity KW - species' traits KW - species richness ER - TY - JOUR TI - Development of a genetic linkage map and identification of homologous linkage groups in sweetpotato using multiple-dose AFLP markers AU - Cervantes-Flores, Jim C. AU - Yencho, G. Craig AU - Kriegner, Albert AU - Pecota, Kenneth V. AU - Faulk, Maria A. AU - Mwanga, Robert O. M. AU - Sosinski, Bryon R. T2 - MOLECULAR BREEDING DA - 2008/5// PY - 2008/5// DO - 10.1007/s11032-007-9150-6 VL - 21 IS - 4 SP - 511-532 SN - 1380-3743 KW - ipomoea batatas KW - molecular marker KW - molecular mapping KW - polyploid mapping KW - autopolyploid ER - TY - JOUR TI - A tale of opportunities, uncertainties, and risks AU - Borm, Paul J. A. AU - Berube, David T2 - NANO TODAY AB - Nanoscience and nanotechnologies are expected to change industrial production and economics over the decades to come. This new field is also exciting since it sweeps away the traditional barriers between disciplines such as chemistry, physics, and biology. Nanotechnology requires different thinking in management, collaboration, value chain propositions, education, and calls for research grants. Apart from the benefits and challenges, nanotechnologies also produce uncertainties and risks. For some, the degree of potential hazard associated with nanoparticles is so disquieting that in January 2008 the UK Soil Association adopted a nano-free policy for products certified as organic. DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// DO - 10.1016/S1748-0132(08)70016-1 VL - 3 IS - 1-2 SP - 56-59 SN - 1878-044X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Influence of endocrine active compounds on the developing rodent brain AU - Patisaul, Heather B. AU - Polston, Eva K. T2 - Brain Research Reviews AB - Changes in the volumes of sexually dimorphic brain nuclei are often used as a biomarker for developmental disruption by endocrine-active compounds (EACs). However, these gross, morphological analyses do not reliably predict disruption of cell phenotype or neuronal function. Therefore, an experimental approach that simultaneously assesses anatomical, physiological and behavioral endpoints is required when developing risk assessment models for EAC exposure. Using this more comprehensive approach we have demonstrated that the disruption of nuclear volume does not necessarily coincide with disruption of cellular phenotype or neuroendocrine function in two sexually dimorphic brain nuclei: the anteroventral periventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (AVPV) and the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (SDN). These results demonstrate that nuclear volume is likely not an appropriate biomarker for EAC exposure. We further demonstrated that neonatal exposure to the EACs genistein (GEN) and Bisphenol-A (BPA) can affect sexually dimorphic brain morphology and neuronal phenotypes in adulthood with regional and cellular specificity suggesting that effects observed in one brain region may not be predictive of effects within neighboring regions. Finally, developmental EAC exposure has been shown to affect a variety of sexually dimorphic behaviors including reproductive behavior. These effects are likely to have a broad impact as maladaptive behavior could translate to decreased fitness of entire populations. Collectively, these findings emphasize the need to employ a comprehensive approach that addresses anatomical, functional and behavioral endpoints when evaluating the potential effects of EAC exposure. DA - 2008/3// PY - 2008/3// DO - 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2007.06.008 VL - 57 IS - 2 SP - 352-362 J2 - Brain Research Reviews LA - en OP - SN - 0165-0173 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresrev.2007.06.008 DB - Crossref KW - hypothalamus KW - estrogen receptor KW - development KW - sexually dimorphic KW - phytoestrogen KW - genistein KW - bisphenol ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effective information design for PDAs in veterinary medical education AU - Swarts, Jason AU - VanNorman, Maggie T2 - JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION AB - Until recently, personal digital assistants (PDAs) have been ignominiously characterized as a solution without a problem. To many, they were glorified versions of calendars, address books, notepads, and calculators that appeared only minimally more useful than their paper predecessors. Today's PDAs cater to a wider range of mobile computing needs, especially in the veterinary field, where they support mobile, information-centric work. Despite the PDA's resurgent popularity, hardware constraints limit its wide-scale integration. Most notably, small screen sizes limit the PDA designers who compose texts, videos, and images for PDA delivery. This article addresses the problem of designing for small screens by re-characterizing the issue as an information design problem rather than a hardware problem. By analyzing how fourth-year students in a veterinary medicine program use their PDAs in their clinical education, we offer suggestions for designing information to meet their needs. DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// DO - 10.3138/jvme.35.1.118 VL - 35 IS - 1 SP - 118-128 SN - 1943-7218 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-44149089356&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - e-technology KW - e-learning KW - skills KW - knowledge KW - professional attributes ER - TY - JOUR TI - Critiquing critiques - A genre analysis of feedback across novice to expert design studios AU - Dannels, Deanna P. AU - Martin, Kelly Norris T2 - JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION AB - In the discipline of design, the most common presentation genre is the critique, and the most central aspect of this genre is the feedback. Using a qualitative framework, this article identifies a typology of feedback, compares the frequencies of feedback types between different levels of design studios ranging from novice to expert, and explores what the feedback reflects about the social and educational context of these design studios. Results suggest that the feedback socialized students into egalitarian relationships and autonomous decision-making identities that were perhaps more reflective of academic developmental stages or idealized workplace contexts than of actual professional settings—therefore potentially complicating the preprofessional goals of the critique. DA - 2008/4// PY - 2008/4// DO - 10.1177/1050651907311923 VL - 22 IS - 2 SP - 135-159 SN - 1552-4574 KW - communication in the disciplines KW - communication across the curriculum KW - communication in design KW - oral genres KW - oral feedback KW - preprofessional genres ER - TY - JOUR TI - A simple, convenient, and efficient preparative GC system that uses a short megabore capillary column as a trap AU - Nojima, Satoshi AU - Apperson, Charles S. AU - Schal, Coby T2 - JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY DA - 2008/3// PY - 2008/3// DO - 10.1007/s10886-008-9437-z VL - 34 IS - 3 SP - 418-428 SN - 0098-0331 KW - preparative GC KW - megabore capillary column KW - open tubular trap KW - semiochemicals KW - fractionation KW - isolation KW - purification KW - NMR KW - sample preparation ER - TY - JOUR TI - The lost ark of the covenant: Solving the 2,500 year old mystery of the fabled biblical ark [Review] AU - Orcutt, D. T2 - Library Journal DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// VL - 133 IS - 8 SP - 70-71 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Pioneering women in plant pathology DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// PB - St. Paul, Minn.: APS Press SN - 0890543593 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Neonatal exposure to endocrine active compounds or an ERβ agonist increases adult anxiety and aggression in gonadally intact male rats AU - Patisaul, Heather B. AU - Bateman, Heather L. T2 - Hormones and Behavior AB - Endocrine active compounds (EACs) have been shown to influence a number of reproductive endpoints but less is known about how they might affect other hormone dependent behaviors including anxiety and aggression. Recent evidence suggests that these effects may be mediated through the beta form of the estrogen receptor (ERβ). Using male Long Evans rats, we sought to determine how neonatal exposure to EACs affects anxiety and aggression in adulthood. Anxiety was assessed using the elevated plus maze and aggression was assessed 8weeks later using the resident intruder test. To gain insight into which ER subtype (ERα vs ERβ) might be mediating these effects we used agonists specific for ERα (1,3,5-tris(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-4-propyl-1H-pyrazole (PPT)) or ERβ (Diarylpropionitrile (DPN)) as additional treatment groups. For these experiments the synthetic EAC bisphenol-A (BPA) and the phytoestrogen metabolite equol (EQ) were used. Male neonates were injected with either 0.05 ml sesame oil (control), 50 μg estradiol benzoate (EB), 1 mg/kg DPN, 1 mg/kg PPT, 50 μg/kg BPA, or 10 mg/kg EQ daily for 4 days beginning on the day of birth (PND 0). Compared to the oil treated controls, significantly fewer open arm entries were made by the males neonatally treated with DPN, EQ, or BPA. The DPN and EQ treated males were also more aggressive compared to the controls. These findings suggest that neonatal exposure to EACs with agonistic activity on ERβ may influence affective behavior in adulthood, including anxiety and aggression. DA - 2008/4// PY - 2008/4// DO - 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2008.01.008 VL - 53 IS - 4 SP - 580-588 J2 - Hormones and Behavior LA - en OP - SN - 0018-506X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2008.01.008 DB - Crossref KW - DPN KW - PPT KW - bisphenol KW - equol KW - estrogen KW - phytoestrogens KW - soy isoflavones KW - EAC KW - endocrine disruptors ER - TY - JOUR TI - Internal heat necrosis of potato - A review AU - Yencho, G. Craig AU - McCord, Per H. AU - Haynes, Kathleen G. AU - Sterrett, S. B. Rikki T2 - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH DA - 2008/2// PY - 2008/2// DO - 10.1007/s12230-008-9008-4 VL - 85 IS - 1 SP - 69-76 SN - 1874-9380 KW - abiotic stress KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - internal defects KW - internal necrosis KW - potato tuber ER - TY - JOUR TI - A comparative study on the efficiency of two enucleation methods in pig somatic cell nuclear transfer: Effects of the squeezing and the aspiration methods AU - Lee, Eunsong AU - Estrada, Jose AU - Piedrahita, Jorge A. T2 - ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AB - In this study, two enucleation methods, the squeezing and the aspiration methods, were compared. The efficiency of these two methods to enucleate pig oocytes and the in vitro and in vivo viability of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) pig embryos, were evaluated. In the squeezing method, the zona pellucida was partially dissected and a small amount of cytoplasm containing metaphase II (MII) chromosomes and the first polar body (PB) were pushed out. In the aspiration method, the PB and MII chromosomes were aspirated using a beveled micropipette. After injection of fetal fibroblasts into the perivitelline space, reconstructed oocytes were fused and activated electrically, and then cultured in vitro for 6 days or transferred to surrogates. The squeezing method resulted in a higher proportion of degenerated oocytes than the aspiration method (14% vs. 5%). The squeezing method took longer to enucleate 100 oocytes (306 minutes) than the aspirating method (113 minutes). Fusion rate (72-78%) and cleavage rate (67%) were not influenced by the enucleation method but blastocyst formation was improved (P < 0.05) in oocytes enucleated by the aspiration method (5 vs. 9%). When SCNT embryos were transferred to recipients, pregnancy rates to term were similar (27%, 3/11 and 27%, 3/11) in both methods with the birth of 10 piglets/3 litters and 16 piglets/3 litters in the squeezing and the aspiration methods, respectively. Our results indicate that the aspiration method for oocyte enucleation is more efficient than the squeezing method in producing a large number of pig SCNT embryos with normal in vivo viability. DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// DO - 10.1080/10495390701839264 VL - 19 IS - 2 SP - 71-79 SN - 1532-2378 KW - enucleation KW - in vivo viability KW - pig KW - somatic cell nuclear transfer ER - TY - JOUR TI - The importance of species range attributes and reserve configuration for the conservation of angiosperm diversity in Western Australia AU - Gove, Aaron D. AU - Dunn, Robert R. AU - Majer, Jonathan D. T2 - BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION DA - 2008/4// PY - 2008/4// DO - 10.1007/s10531-008-9321-8 VL - 17 IS - 4 SP - 817-831 SN - 1572-9710 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-41149132727&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - biodiversity hotspot KW - gap analysis KW - range size KW - rarity KW - reserve adequacy ER - TY - PAT TI - Sweetpotato plant named 'Covington' AU - Yencho, G. C. AU - Pecota, K. C2 - 2008/// DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Distribution, population structure and habitat use of the endangered Saint Francis Satyr butterfly, Neonympha mitchellii francisci AU - Kuefler, Daniel AU - Haddad, Nick M. AU - Hall, Stephen AU - Hudgens, Brian AU - Bartel, Becky AU - Hoffman, Erich T2 - AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST AB - The endangered St. Francis Satyr (Neonympha mitchellii francisci) is a small sedentary butterfly and one of the rarest in North America. Our study examined various quantitative aspects of this butterfly's biology, including the distributional range, habitat associations, population size and trends, demographic parameters and spatial aspects of population structure. The range of N.m. francisci distribution is restricted to DoD lands at Ft. Bragg, North Carolina, where the butterfly utilizes wetland habitats, predominantly those that have previously been impounded by beaver. In situ habitat associations and captive rearing experiments indicate that multiple sedges in the genus Carex, particularly C. mitchelliana, may be important larval food plants. Subpopulation estimates range between 49–739 individuals at any one site, while cumulative population estimates range between 700–1400 individuals for all accessible areas on Ft. Bragg. Habitats occupied by N.m. francisci are frequently subject to burning or flooding and thus butterfly subpopulations are extremely dynamic, fluctuating in response to these disturbances. This regular disturbance regime dictates that dispersal is necessary for population persistence. Several inter-colony movements were measured during capture-recapture studies and we observed both subpopulation extinctions and colonization of new habitat through the period of our studies. Conservation of N.m. francisci depends on accommodating unique aspects of its populations, including its dependence on beaver and its multi-tiered metapopulation structure. DA - 2008/4// PY - 2008/4// DO - 10.1674/0003-0031(2008)159[298:DPSAHU]2.0.CO;2 VL - 159 IS - 2 SP - 298-320 SN - 1938-4238 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Functional-genomics-based identification and characterization of open reading frames encoding alpha-glucoside-processing enzymes in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus AU - Comfort, Donald A. AU - Chou, Chung-Jung AU - Conners, Shannon B. AU - VanFossen, Amy L. AU - Kelly, Robert M. T2 - APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY AB - ABSTRACT Bioinformatics analysis and transcriptional response information for Pyrococcus furiosus grown on α-glucans led to the identification of a novel isomaltase (PF0132) representing a new glycoside hydrolase (GH) family, a novel GH57 β-amylase (PF0870), and an extracellular starch-binding protein (1,141 amino acids; PF1109-PF1110), in addition to several other putative α-glucan-processing enzymes. DA - 2008/2// PY - 2008/2// DO - 10.1128/AEM.01920-07 VL - 74 IS - 4 SP - 1281-1283 SN - 1098-5336 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Factors influencing the incidence of bribery payouts by firms: A cross-country analysis AU - Chen, Yanjing AU - Yasar, Mahmut AU - Rejesus, Roderick M. T2 - JOURNAL OF BUSINESS ETHICS DA - 2008/1// PY - 2008/1// DO - 10.1007/s10551-006-9346-4 VL - 77 IS - 2 SP - 231-244 SN - 0167-4544 KW - bribery KW - corruption KW - cross-country analysis KW - government KW - public officials ER - TY - JOUR TI - Assessing a hybrid format AU - Katz, Susan M. T2 - JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION AB - As college instructors endeavor to integrate technology into their classrooms, the crucial question is, “How does this integration affect learning?” This article reports an assessment of a series of online modules the author designed and piloted for a business communication course that she presented in a hybrid format (a combination of computer classroom sessions and independent online work). The modules allowed the author to use classroom time for observation of and individualized attention to the composing process. Although anecdotal evidence suggested that this system was highly effective, other assessment tools provided varying results. An anonymous survey of the students who took this course confirmed that the modules were effective in teaching important concepts; however, a blind review of student work produced mixed results. DA - 2008/1// PY - 2008/1// DO - 10.1177/1050651907307710 VL - 22 IS - 1 SP - 92-110 SN - 1050-6519 KW - assessment KW - online modules KW - hybrid course KW - business communication ER - TY - JOUR TI - The genome sequence of the metal-mobilizing, extremely thermoacidophilic archaeon Metallosphaera sedula provides insights into bioleaching-associated metabolism AU - Auernik, Kathryne S. AU - Maezato, Yukari AU - Blum, Paul H. AU - Kelly, Robert M. T2 - APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY AB - ABSTRACT Despite their taxonomic description, not all members of the order Sulfolobales are capable of oxidizing reduced sulfur species, which, in addition to iron oxidation, is a desirable trait of biomining microorganisms. However, the complete genome sequence of the extremely thermoacidophilic archaeon Metallosphaera sedula DSM 5348 (2.2 Mb, ∼2,300 open reading frames [ORFs]) provides insights into biologically catalyzed metal sulfide oxidation. Comparative genomics was used to identify pathways and proteins involved (directly or indirectly) with bioleaching. As expected, the M. sedula genome contains genes related to autotrophic carbon fixation, metal tolerance, and adhesion. Also, terminal oxidase cluster organization indicates the presence of hybrid quinol-cytochrome oxidase complexes. Comparisons with the mesophilic biomining bacterium Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC 23270 indicate that the M. sedula genome encodes at least one putative rusticyanin, involved in iron oxidation, and a putative tetrathionate hydrolase, implicated in sulfur oxidation. The fox gene cluster, involved in iron oxidation in the thermoacidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus metallicus , was also identified. These iron- and sulfur-oxidizing components are missing from genomes of nonleaching members of the Sulfolobales , such as Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 and Sulfolobus acidocaldarius DSM 639. Whole-genome transcriptional response analysis showed that 88 ORFs were up-regulated twofold or more in M. sedula upon addition of ferrous sulfate to yeast extract-based medium; these included genes for components of terminal oxidase clusters predicted to be involved with iron oxidation, as well as genes predicted to be involved with sulfur metabolism. Many hypothetical proteins were also differentially transcribed, indicating that aspects of the iron and sulfur metabolism of M. sedula remain to be identified and characterized. DA - 2008/2// PY - 2008/2// DO - 10.1128/AEM.02019-07 VL - 74 IS - 3 SP - 682-692 SN - 1098-5336 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sex Differences in Serotonergic But Not γ-Aminobutyric Acidergic (GABA) Projections to the Rat Ventromedial Nucleus of the Hypothalamus AU - Patisaul, Heather B. AU - Fortino, Anne E. AU - Polston, Eva K. T2 - Endocrinology AB - Hormonal conditions that elicit lordosis in female rats are ineffective in males, suggesting that this behavior is actively suppressed in males. Previous studies theorize that serotonergic and γ-aminobutyric acidergic (GABA) inputs to the ventrolateral division of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMNvl) may contribute to lordosis inhibition in males. Using triple-label immunofluorescent techniques, the present studies explored potential sex differences in the density of these projections within three hypothalamic sites: the VMNvl, the arcuate nucleus (ARC), and the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus. Antibodies directed against HuC/D, estrogen receptor (ER)-α and either serotonin (5-HT) or the γ-aminobutyric acid synthetic enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 were used to compare the densities of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)-65- and 5-HT-containing fibers in each brain area, the percentage of VMNvl HuC/D immunoreactive (ir) neurons that contained ERα, and the percentage of HuC/D and ERα double-labeled cells receiving apparent contacts from 5-HT fibers between adult, gonadectomized male and female rats. The densities of VMNvl and ARC 5-HT immunolabeled fibers were significantly higher in the males, and the percentage of VMNvl HuC/D-ir neurons containing ERα was significantly higher in the females. The percentage of HuC/D-ir cells contacted by 5-HT fibers was significantly higher in the males, compared with the females, but there was no sex difference in the proportion of those cells receiving contacts that were ERα-ir. Neonatal administration of estradiol but not genistein masculinized 5-HT content in the adult female VMNvl, but the percentage of HuC/D-ir cells colabeled with ERα was not significantly affected by treatment. A similar, but not statistically significant, pattern was observed in the ARC. These findings suggest that the development of serotonergic inputs to the male VMNvl is orchestrated by neonatal estradiol exposure. The hormone-dependent organization of these 5-HT projection patterns may be an important developmental mechanism accounting for sex-specific behaviors in adulthood. DA - 2008/1// PY - 2008/1// DO - 10.1210/en.2007-0666 VL - 149 IS - 1 SP - 397-408 J2 - Endocrinology LA - en OP - SN - 0013-7227 1945-7170 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2007-0666 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Limitations of stable carbon isotope analysis for determining natal host origins of tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens AU - Abney, M. R. AU - Sorenson, C. E. AU - Gould, F. AU - Bradley, J. R., Jr. T2 - ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA AB - Abstract Differences in the stable carbon isotope ratios of plants utilizing the C3 vs. C4 photosynthetic pathway have been used to broadly identify the natal host origins of herbivorous insects. This study explored whether adequate variation exists between the carbon isotope ratios of different C3 plants in the host range of Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to enable accurate identification of natal host‐plant species. Isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) analysis of 13 C/ 12 C ratios of moths reared on four crop plant species [ Gossypium hirsutum (L.) , Nicotiana tabacum L. , Glycine max (L.) Merrill, and Arachis hypogaea L.] and two common weed species [ Geranium carolinianum L. and Linaria canadensis (L.) Chaz.] revealed a range of δ 13 C values within that expected for plants utilizing the C3 photosynthetic pathway. Analysis of vegetative and reproductive tissues from the plants utilized in the study resulted in statistically different δ 13 C values for some plant species; nevertheless, the range of δ 13 C values observed for many plant species overlapped. Significant differences in mean δ 13 C values were detected between groups of moths reared on different host‐plant species, but there was no significant correlation between the δ 13 C values of moths vs. the δ 13 C value of plant tissue on which they were reared. Feral tobacco budworm moths collected over 3 years were found to have carbon isotope ratios consistent with those having fed on C3 plants, confirming little utilization of C4 plant species by the insect. Results demonstrate that within the range of C3 host plants tested, carbon isotope signatures are not sufficiently unique to enable a reliable determination of natal origin of feral tobacco budworm with current IRMS technology. DA - 2008/1// PY - 2008/1// DO - 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2007.00633.x VL - 126 IS - 1 SP - 46-52 SN - 1570-7458 KW - Lepidoptera KW - Noctuidae KW - host plant utilization KW - isotope ratio mass spectrometry KW - biological markers ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impacts of methamidophos on the biochemical, catabolic, and genetic characteristics of soil microbial communities AU - Wang, Meng-Cheng AU - Liu, Ye-Hao AU - Wang, Qiong AU - Gong, Ming AU - Hua, Xiao-Mei AU - Pang, Yan-Jun AU - Hu, Shuijin AU - Yang, Yong-Hua T2 - SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY AB - Methamidophos is an organophosphate pesticide with high toxicity and may significantly affect soil microbes. However, the magnitude of this effect is unclear. We examined the effect of low and high inputs of methamidophos on the structure of the soil microbial community, and the catabolic activity and the genetic diversity of the bacterial community using the polyphasic approaches of microbial biomass, phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs), community-level catabolic profiles (CLCPs), and amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) patterns. Our results indicated that high methamidophos inputs significantly reduced total microbial biomass carbon (Cmic) and fungal biomass, but increased Gram-negative bacteria with no significant effects on the Gram-positive bacteria. Interestingly, CLCPs patterns showed that high methamidophos inputs also significantly improved the catabolic activity of Gram-negative bacteria. The ARDRA pattern showed that the genetic diversity of the bacterial community decreased under chemical stress. Furthermore, changes in the microbial parameters examined were less significant under low inputs than high inputs of methamidophos, suggesting a dosage effect of methamidophos on the microbial community. Our results provide the first evidence that methamidophos differentially affected components of the soil microbial community through inhibiting fungal growth but enhancing the biomass and catabolic activity of Gram-negative bacteria. DA - 2008/3// PY - 2008/3// DO - 10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.10.012 VL - 40 IS - 3 SP - 778-788 SN - 0038-0717 KW - methamidophos KW - soil microbial community KW - diversity KW - PLFA KW - CLCPS KW - ARDRA ER - TY - JOUR TI - Experienced and novice teachers' concepts of spatial scale AU - Jones, M. Gail AU - Tretter, Thomas AU - Taylor, Amy AU - Oppewal, Tom T2 - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENCE EDUCATION AB - Scale is one of the thematic threads that runs through nearly all of the sciences and is considered one of the major prevailing ideas of science. This study explored novice and experienced teachers’ concepts of spatial scale with a focus on linear sizes from very small (nanoscale) to very large (cosmic scale). Novice teachers included undergraduates in science teacher education and students enrolled in a Masters of Arts in Science Teaching Program. Experienced teachers included students enrolled in a Master of Science Program. Participants’ knowledge of conceptual categories of size, scale accuracy, and experiences learning scale were assessed. Results showed both experienced and novice teachers were most accurate in their knowledge of human scale (1 m or body length) and both groups were more accurate with large scale than small scale. Experienced teachers held more accurate concepts of small‐scale measurements such as the nanometre than novice teachers. There was evidence that being able to directly experience objects and distances influenced concepts of size and scale. The role of in‐school and out‐of‐school experiences in developing concepts of scale is discussed. DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// DO - 10.1080/09500690701416624 VL - 30 IS - 3 SP - 409-429 SN - 0950-0693 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of prior tillage and soil fertility amendments on dispersal of Phytophthora capsici and infection of pepper AU - Liu, Bo AU - Gumpertz, Marcia L. AU - Hu, Shuijin AU - Ristaino, Jean Beagle T2 - EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY DA - 2008/3// PY - 2008/3// DO - 10.1007/s10658-007-9216-7 VL - 120 IS - 3 SP - 273-287 SN - 1573-8469 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-38649084121&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Phytophthora capsici KW - epidemiology KW - organic amendment KW - physical KW - chemical and biological parameters KW - disease spread ER - TY - JOUR TI - Probing the stability of native and activated forms of alpha(2)-macroglobulin AU - Kaczowka, Steven J. AU - Madding, Lara S. AU - Epting, Kevin L. AU - Kelly, Robert M. AU - Cianciolo, George J. AU - Pizzo, Salvatore V. T2 - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES AB - α2-Macroglobulin (α2M) is a 718 kDa homotetrameric proteinase inhibitor which undergoes a large conformational change upon activation. This conformational change can occur either by proteolytic attack on an ∼40 amino acid stretch, the bait region, which results in the rupture of the four thioester bonds in α2M, or by direct nucleophilic attack on these thioesters by primary amines. Amine activation circumvents both bait region cleavage and protein incorporation, which occurs by proteolytic activation. These different activation methods allow for examination of the roles bait region cleavage and thioester rupture play in α2M stability. Differential scanning calorimetry and urea gel electrophoresis demonstrate that both bait region cleavage and covalent incorporation of protein ligands in the thioester pocket play critical roles in the stability of α2M complexes. DA - 2008/1/1/ PY - 2008/1/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2007.09.019 VL - 42 IS - 1 SP - 62-67 SN - 0141-8130 KW - alpha M-2 KW - alpha(2)-macroglobulin KW - alpha(2)-macroglobulin and proteinase incorporation KW - alpha(2)-macroglobulin and norproteolytic incorporation of lysozyme KW - alpha(2)-macroglobulin stabilization ER - TY - JOUR TI - Olfactomedin-2 mediates development of the anterior central nervous system and head structures in zebrafish AU - Lee, Ju-Ahng AU - Anholt, Robert R. H. AU - Cole, Gregory J. T2 - MECHANISMS OF DEVELOPMENT AB - Olfactomedins comprise a diverse family of secreted glycoproteins, which includes noelin, tiarin, pancortin and gliomedin, implicated in development of the nervous system, and the glaucoma-associated protein myocilin. Here we show in zebrafish that olfactomedin-2 (OM2) is a developmentally regulated gene, and that knockdown of protein expression by morpholino antisense oligonucleotides leads to perturbations of nervous system development. Interference with OM2 expression results in impaired development of branchiomotor neurons, specific disruption of the late phase branchiomotor axon guidance, and affects development of the caudal pharyngeal arches, olfactory pits, eyes and optic tectum. Effects of OM2 knockdown on eye development are likely associated with Pax6 signaling in developing eyes, as Pax6.1 and Pax6.2 mRNA expression patterns are altered in the eyes of OM2 morphants. The specific absence of most cartilaginous structures in the pharyngeal arches indicates that the observed craniofacial phenotypes may be due to perturbed differentiation of cranial neural crest cells. Our studies show that this member of the olfactomedin protein family is an important regulator of development of the anterior nervous system. DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// DO - 10.1016/j.mod.2007.09.009 VL - 125 IS - 1-2 SP - 167-181 SN - 0925-4773 KW - olfactomedin-2 KW - Pax6.1 KW - zebrafish KW - islet-1 KW - branchiomotor neurons KW - cranial neural crest KW - crestin ER - TY - JOUR TI - Expression of a harpin-encoding gene in rice confers durable nonspecific resistance to Magnaporthe grisea AU - Shao, Min AU - Wang, Jinsheng AU - Dean, Ralph A. AU - Lin, Yongjun AU - Gao, Xuewen AU - Hu, Shuijin T2 - PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL AB - Engineering durable nonspecific resistance to phytopathogens is one of the ultimate goals of plant breeding. However, most attempts to reach this goal fail as a result of rapid changes in pathogen populations and the sheer diversity of pathogen infection mechanisms. In this study, we show that the expression of a harpin-encoding gene (hrf1), derived from Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, confers nonspecific resistance in rice to the blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea. Transgenic plants and their T1-T7 progenies were highly resistant to all major M. grisea races in rice-growing areas along the Yangtze River, China. The expression of defence-related genes was activated in resistant transgenic plants, and the formation of melanized appressoria, which is essential for foliar infection, was inhibited on plant leaves. These results suggest that harpins may offer new opportunities for generating broad-spectrum disease resistance in other crops. DA - 2008/1// PY - 2008/1// DO - 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2007.00304.x VL - 6 IS - 1 SP - 73-81 SN - 1467-7644 KW - appressorium KW - defence-related genes KW - durable nonspecific resistance KW - hrf1 gene KW - Magnaporthe grisea KW - rice ER - TY - JOUR TI - Disciples of all nations: Pillars of world Christianity [Review] AU - Orcutt, D. T2 - Library Journal DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// VL - 133 IS - 2 SP - 75 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Diverse and conserved roles of CLE peptides AU - Mitchum, Melissa G. AU - Wang, Xiaohong AU - Davis, Eric L. T2 - CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY AB - The function of plant CLAVATA3 (CLV3)/ENDOSPERM SURROUNDING REGION (ESR) (CLE) peptides in shoot meristem differentiation has been expanded in recent years to implicate roles in root growth and vascular development among different CLE family members. Recent evidence suggests that nematode pathogens within plant roots secrete ligand mimics of plant CLE peptides to modify selected host cells into multinucleate feeding sites. This discovery demonstrated an unprecedented adaptation of an animal gene product to functionally mimic a plant peptide involved in cellular signaling for parasitic benefit. This review highlights the diverse and conserved role of CLE peptides in these different contexts. DA - 2008/2// PY - 2008/2// DO - 10.1016/j.pbi.2007.10.010 VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - 75-81 SN - 1879-0356 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Broadening the application of evolutionarily based genetic pest management AU - Gould, Fred T2 - EVOLUTION AB - Insect- and tick-vectored diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, and Lyme disease cause human suffering, and current approaches for prevention are not adequate. Invasive plants and animals such as Scotch broom, zebra mussels, and gypsy moths continue to cause environmental damage and economic losses in agriculture and forestry. Rodents transmit diseases and cause major pre- and postharvest losses, especially in less affluent countries. Each of these problems might benefit from the developing field of Genetic Pest Management that is conceptually based on principles of evolutionary biology. This article briefly describes the history of this field, new molecular tools in this field, and potential applications of those tools. There will be a need for evolutionary biologists to interact with researchers and practitioners in a variety of other fields to determine the most appropriate targets for genetic pest management, the most appropriate methods for specific targets, and the potential of natural selection to diminish the effectiveness of genetic pest management. In addition to producing environmentally sustainable pest management solutions, research efforts in this area could lead to new insights about the evolution of selfish genetic elements in natural systems and will provide students with the opportunity to develop a more sophisticated understanding of the role of evolutionary biology in solving societal problems. DA - 2008/2// PY - 2008/2// DO - 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00298.x VL - 62 IS - 2 SP - 500-510 SN - 1558-5646 KW - applied evolutionary biology KW - gene drive KW - genetic pest management KW - selfish DNA ER - TY - JOUR TI - The movement of proteins across the insect and tick digestive system AU - Jeffers, Laura A. AU - Roe, R. Michael T2 - JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY AB - The movement of intact proteins across the digestive system was shown in a number of different blood-feeding and non-blood-feeding insects in the orders Blattaria, Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Orthoptera, Neuroptera and Siphonaptera, as well as in two tick families Ixodidae and Argasidae. Protein movement was observed for both normal dietary and xenobiotic proteins, which suggest that the mechanism for transfer is not substrate specific. The number of studies on the mechanism of movement is limited. The research so far suggests that movement can occur by either a transcellular or an intercellular pathway in the ventriculus with most of the research describing the former. Transfer is by continuous diffusion with no evidence of pinocytosis or vesicular transport common in mammalian systems. Proteins can move across the digestive system without modification of their primary or multimeric structure and with retention of their functional characteristics. Accumulation in the hemolymph is the result of the protein degradation rate in the gut and hemolymph and transfer rate across the digestive system and can be highly variable depending on species. Research on the development of delivery systems to enhance protein movement across the insect digestive system is in its infancy. The approaches so far considered with some success include the use of lipophilic-polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymers, the development of fusion proteins with lectins, reduced gut protease activity and the development of amphiphilic peptidic analogs. Additional research on understanding the basic mechanisms of protein delivery across the insect digestive system, the importance of structure activity in this transfer and the development of technology to improve movement across the gut could be highly significant to the future of protein and nucleic acid-based insecticide development as well as traditional chemical insecticidal technologies. DA - 2008/2// PY - 2008/2// DO - 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2007.10.009 VL - 54 IS - 2 SP - 319-332 SN - 1879-1611 KW - digestive system KW - protein movement KW - protein insecticide ER - TY - JOUR TI - Temperature and precipitation affect seasonal patterns of dispersing tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca, and onion thrips, Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera : Thripidae) caught on sticky traps AU - Morsello, Shannon C. AU - Groves, Russell L. AU - Nault, Brian A. AU - Kennedy, George G. T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY AB - Effects of temperature and precipitation on the temporal patterns of dispersing tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca, and onion thrips, Thrips tabaci, caught on yellow sticky traps were estimated in central and eastern North Carolina and eastern Virginia from 1997 through 2001. The impact that these environmental factors had on numbers of F. fusca and T. tabaci caught on sticky traps during April and May was determined using stepwise regression analysis of 43 and 38 site-years of aerial trapping data from 21 and 18 different field locations, respectively. The independent variables used in the regression models included degree-days, total precipitation, and the number of days in which precipitation occurred during January through May. Each variable was significant in explaining variation for both thrips species and, in all models, degree-days was the single best explanatory variable. Precipitation had a comparatively greater effect on T. tabaci than F. fusca. The numbers of F. fusca and T. tabaci captured in flight were positively related to degree-days and the number of days with precipitation but negatively related to total precipitation. Combined in a single model, degree-days, total precipitation, and the number of days with precipitation explained 70 and 55% of the total variation in the number of F. fusca captured from 1 April through 10 May and from 1 April through 31 May, respectively. Regarding T. tabaci flights, degree-days, total precipitation, and the number of days with precipitation collectively explained 57 and 63% of the total variation in the number captured from 1 April through 10 May and from 1 April through 31 May, respectively. DA - 2008/2// PY - 2008/2// DO - 10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[79:TAPASP]2.0.CO;2 VL - 37 IS - 1 SP - 79-86 SN - 1938-2936 KW - insect dispersal KW - tomato spotted wilt virus KW - epidemiology ER - TY - JOUR TI - Is it live or is it memorex? Students' synchronous and asynchronous communication with scientists AU - Kubasko, Dennis AU - Jones, M. Gail AU - Tretter, Thomas AU - Andre, Thomas T2 - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENCE EDUCATION AB - This study compared students' investigations with an atomic force microscope and viruses in real‐time synchronous and asynchronous learning environments. Student interactions with scientists (live videoconference versus email) were examined to see whether communication patterns were different for the different modes of instruction. Students' knowledge of viruses, microscopy, and nanoscale science was compared for asynchronous (n = 44) and synchronous treatments (n = 41). Eight teams of four students were video‐recorded and student discourse was analyzed. Data sources included students' questions, pre‐instruction and post‐instruction knowledge assessments, and written descriptions of the investigations. Results showed that students in the asynchronous group asked significantly more inquiry and interpretation questions of scientists and fewer questions about the scientists than students in the synchronous group. Both groups showed significant gains in knowledge of virus types and morphology. Students in the asynchronous group made significantly more written notations about what they learned from the investigations than students in the synchronous group. DA - 2008/// PY - 2008/// DO - 10.1080/09500690701217220 VL - 30 IS - 4 SP - 495-514 SN - 0950-0693 ER -