TY - JOUR TI - A new approach for monthly updates of anthropogenic sulfur dioxide emissions from space: Application to China and implications for air quality forecasts AU - Wang, Yi AU - Wang, Jun AU - Xu, Xiaoguang AU - Henze, Daven K. AU - Wang, Yuxuan AU - Qu, Zhen T2 - Geophysical Research Letters AB - Abstract SO 2 emissions, the largest source of anthropogenic aerosols, can respond rapidly to economic and policy driven changes. However, bottom‐up SO 2 inventories have inherent limitations owing to 24–48 months latency and lack of month‐to‐month variation in emissions (especially in developing countries). This study develops a new approach that integrates Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) SO 2 satellite measurements and GEOS‐Chem adjoint model simulations to constrain monthly anthropogenic SO 2 emissions. The approach's effectiveness is demonstrated for 14 months in East Asia; resultant posterior emissions not only capture a 20% SO 2 emission reduction in Beijing during the 2008 Olympic Games but also improve agreement between modeled and in situ surface measurements. Further analysis reveals that posterior emissions estimates, compared to the prior, lead to significant improvements in forecasting monthly surface and columnar SO 2 . With the pending availability of geostationary measurements of tropospheric composition, we show that it may soon be possible to rapidly constrain SO 2 emissions and associated air quality predictions at fine spatiotemporal scales. DA - 2016/9/28/ PY - 2016/9/28/ DO - 10.1002/2016gl070204 VL - 43 IS - 18 SP - 9931-9938 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016gl070204 ER - TY - RPRT TI - ESA Position Statement on Insecticide Resistance Management AU - Huseth, A. A3 - Entomology Society of America DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// PB - Entomology Society of America ER - TY - RPRT TI - Managing thrips in cotton: research in the Southeast region AU - Reisig, D.D. AU - Huseth, A.S. AU - Kennedy, G.G. AU - Greene, J.K. AU - Reay-Jones, F.P.F. AU - Roberts, P.M. AU - Toews, M. AU - Smith, R. AU - Reed, T. AU - Jacobson, A.L. AU - Herbert, A. A3 - Virginia Cooperative Extension DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// PB - Virginia Cooperative Extension ER - TY - JOUR TI - The simple rules of a complex world: William Rand and Roland Rust T2 - European Journal of Marketing AB - Purpose The purpose of this commentary is to explain that it is not useful to unnecessarily complicate a model. Striving for realism for its own sake does not advance understanding; however, making sure that a model provides valid insights is a useful goal. Design/methodology/approach The authors advocate that a standard should exist based on whether experts in a field think that a particular mechanism is necessary for the model to achieve the goals of validity and sufficiency. Findings The authors find that critiques that do not offer a more valid alternative model do not necessarily advance the production of science. Practical implications Decision makers need to understand the assumptions and limitations of the models that they are using, but they should also be educated on the basic concepts of modeling literacy, and develop an understanding that all models are necessarily incomplete, as to make a model a perfect reflection of the real world would not provide insightful generalizations. Originality/value Although the original paper provides some additional cases that should be explored in understanding the diffusion of information, the authors extend this paper by providing a standard that explains when it is necessary to examine additional extensions and when the original (less complex) model is sufficient. DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// DO - 10.1108/EJM-02-2016-0109 UR - https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/56056142/ KW - Standards KW - Methodology KW - Sufficiency KW - Agent-based modeling KW - Validity ER - TY - JOUR TI - Competing opinions and stubborness: Connecting models to data T2 - Physical Review E AB - We introduce a general contagionlike model for competing opinions that includes dynamic resistance to alternative opinions. We show that this model can describe candidate vote distributions, spatial vote correlations, and a slow approach to opinion consensus with sensible parameter values. These empirical properties of large group dynamics, previously understood using distinct models, may be different aspects of human behavior that can be captured by a more unified model, such as the one introduced in this paper. DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// DO - 10.1103/PHYSREVE.93.032305 UR - https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/6038865/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Breaking into new Data-Spaces: Infrastructure for Open Community Science AB - Despite being freely accessible, open online community data can be difficult to use effectively. To access and analyze large amounts of data, researchers must become familiar with the meaning of data values. Then they must also find a way to obtain and process the datasets to extract their desired vectors of behavior and content. This process is fraught with problems that are solved over and over again by each research team/lab that breaks into a new dataset. Those who lack the necessary technical skills may never be able to start. C2 - 2016/// C3 - ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing DA - 2016/// DO - 10.1145/2818052.2855512 UR - https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/16886924/ KW - Open Collaboration Data Factories KW - Infrastructure KW - Methods KW - Policy KW - Online communities KW - Scientific practice ER - TY - JOUR TI - Brand Buzz in the Echoverse T2 - Journal of Marketing AB - Social media sites have created a reverberating “echoverse” for brand communication, forming complex feedback loops (“echoes”) between the “universe” of corporate communications, news media, and user-generated social media. To understand these feedback loops, the authors process longitudinal, unstructured data using computational linguistics techniques and analyze them using econometric methods. By assembling one of the most comprehensive data sets in the brand communications literature with corporate communications, news stories, social media, and business outcomes, the authors document the echoverse (i.e., feedback loops between all of these sources). Furthermore, the echoverse has changed as online word of mouth has become prevalent. Over time, online word of mouth has fallen into a negativity spiral, with negative messages leading to greater volume, and firms are adjusting their communications strategies in response. The nature of brand communications has been transformed by online technology as corporate communications move increasingly from one to many (e.g., advertising) to one to one (e.g., Twitter) while consumer word of mouth moves from one to one (e.g., conversations) to one to many (e.g., social media). The results indicate that companies benefit from using social media (e.g., Twitter) for personalized customer responses, although there is still a role for traditional brand communications (e.g., press releases, advertising). The evolving echoverse requires managers to rethink brand communication strategies, with online communications becoming increasingly central. DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// DO - 10.1509/JM.15.0033 UR - https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/19798607/ KW - social media KW - brand communications KW - word of mouth KW - advertising KW - vector autoregression ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) in Dairy Cattle: A Matched Case-Control Study AU - Machado, G. AU - Egocheaga, R.M.F. AU - Hein, H.E. AU - Miranda, I.C.S. AU - Neto, W.S. AU - Almeida, L.L. AU - Canal, C.W. AU - Stein, M.C. AU - Corbellini, L.G. T2 - Transboundary and Emerging Diseases AB - Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) causes one of the most important diseases of cattle in terms of economic costs and welfare. The aims were to estimate herd prevalence and to investigate the factors associated with antibodies in bulk tank milk (BTM) in dairy herds through a matched case-control study. To estimate herd prevalence, BTM samples were randomly selected (n = 314) from a population (N = 1604). The true prevalence of BVDV was 24.3% (CI 95% = 20.1-29.3%). For the case-control study, BVDV antibody-positive herds (high antibody titres) were classified as cases (n = 21) and matched (n = 63) by milk production with herds presenting low antibody titres (ratio of 1 : 3). Three multivariable models were built: 1) full model, holding all 21 variables, and two models divided according to empirical knowledge and similarity among variables; 2) animal factor model; and 3) biosecurity model. The full model (model 1) identified: age as a culling criteria (OR = 0.10; CI 95% = 0.02-0.39; P < 0.01); farms that provided milk to other industries previously (OR = 4.13; CI 95% = 1.17-14.49; P = 0.02); and isolation paddocks for ill animals (OR = 0.14; CI 95% = 0.01-0.26; P = 0.02). The biosecurity model revealed a significant association with the use of natural mating (OR = 9.03; CI 95% = 2.14-38.03; P < 0.01); isolation paddocks for ill animals (OR = 0.06; CI 95% = 0.05-0.83; P = 0.03); years providing milk for the same industry (OR = 0.94; CI 95% = 0.91-0.97; P = 0.02); and direct contact over fences among cattle of neighbouring farms (OR = 5.78; CI 95% = 1.41-23.67; P = 0.04). We recommend the application of grouping predictors as a good choice for model building because it could lead to a better understanding of disease-exposure associations. DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// DO - 10.1111/tbed.12219 VL - 63 IS - 1 SP - e1-e13 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84953836631&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - BVDV KW - epidemiology KW - bulk tank milk KW - risk factor KW - model building ER - TY - JOUR TI - Seroprevalence of pythium insidiosum infection in equine in rio grande do sul, Brazil,Soroprevalência da infecção por pythium insidiosum em equinos no estado do rio grande do sul AU - Weiblen, C. AU - Machado, G. AU - Jesus, F.P.K. AU - Santurio, J.M. AU - Zanette, R.A. AU - Pereira, D.I.B. AU - Diehl, G.N. AU - Dos Santos, L.C. AU - Corbellini, L.G. AU - Botton, S.A. T2 - Ciencia Rural AB - ABSTRACT: An epidemiological survey was carried out by performing an Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) test to determine the seroprevalence of Pythium insidiosum infection in equine in Rio Grande do Sul State (RS), Brazil. The serological study covered seven geographical regions of RS, classified according to the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). The samples were obtained from official veterinary service (Serviço Veterinário Oficial, SVO) linked to the Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Agronegócio of RS (SEAPA-RS) to proceed the investigation of equine infectious anemia in 2014. Samples were collected during the months of September and October of 2013, covering the seven geographical regions of RS, and totalized 1,002 serum samples. The seroprevalence for P. insidiosum in RS was 11.1% (CI95% 9.23 to 13.22). The relative risk (RR) of the presence of antibodies anti-P. insidiosum was in the regions Southeast 11.17 (CI95%, 4.65 to 26.8), Porto Alegre 4.62 (CI95%, 1.70 to 12.55), Southwest 11.17 (CI95%, 4.65 to 26.8) and Northwestern 3.72 (CI95%, 1.52 to 9.09). The highest prevalence (69.1%) was observed in females with RR of 1.59 (CI95%, 1.11 to 2.27). When the presence of dams was evaluated, the seropositivity was evident in 74.4%, presenting an association of 2.13 (CI95%, 1.16 to 3.91) compared to farms without dams. In properties with veterinary assistance, the frequency of 72.7% and RR of 3.04 (CI95%,, 1,85 to 4,98) of seropositivity were observed. Due to the importance of pythiosis in horse herds, this study highlights the presence of anti-P. insidiosum antibodies in horses in RS, Brazil. DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// DO - 10.1590/0103-8478cr20150056 VL - 46 IS - 1 SP - 126-131 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84948950855&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - P. insidiosum KW - antibody KW - occurrence KW - horses KW - ELISA ER - TY - JOUR TI - Occurrence of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in dairy cattle in the western of Santa Catarina, Brazil,Ocorrência de anticorpos anti-Neospora caninum em bovinos leiteiros no oeste do estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil AU - Lorenzett, M.P. AU - Lucca, N.J. AU - Henker, L.C. AU - Machado, G. AU - Gomes, D.C. AU - Mendes, R.E. AU - Driemeier, D. AU - Casagrande, R.A. T2 - Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinaria DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// VL - 38 IS - 3 SP - 243-249 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85017537947&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Influence of subclinical infection by agents of tick fever in milking dairy cows,Influencia de la infección subclínica por agentes de la fiebre por garrapatas en vacas lecheras AU - Pazinato, R. AU - Machado, G. AU - Klauck, V. AU - Radavelli, W.M. AU - Boito, J.P. AU - Weis, P.H.E. AU - Miletti, L.C. AU - Baldissera, M.D. AU - Sc, M. AU - Stefani, L.M. AU - Silva, A.S.D. T2 - Revista MVZ Cordoba AB - RESUMENObjetivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la infección subclínica por agentes de la fiebre por garrapatas en el ganado lechero en producción de leche, la composición y calidad. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se realizó en una finca privada con 75 vacas lecheras alojadas-libre puesto, y de estas se evaluaron 37. Se recogieron muestras de leche individuales mensuales para determinar la composición (grasa, lactosa, proteína y sólidos totales) y la calidad (recuento de células somáticas (SCC)). Además, se recogieron muestras de sangre para identificar vacas que fueron negativas a fiebre de garrapatas y positivos por PCR para uno o más de los siguientes agentes etiológicos: Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina y Anaplasma marginale. Resultados. Los resultados mostraron un aumento de SCC en los animales positivos, al menos para uno de los agentes cuando se comparó con vacas no infectadas (p<0.05). La producción de leche fue significativamente menor en A. marginale animales positivos (p<0.05). Un aumento de aproximadamente el 40% en el contenido de sólidos de la leche fue encontrado en vacas positivas a B. bovis. También, un incremento de aproximadamente el 23% de la lactosa se encontró en vacas positivas para B. bigemina. Conclusiones. Se puede concluir que la presencia de al menos uno de estos parásitos en el ganado lechero afecta composición o calidad de su leche. DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// DO - 10.21897/rmvz.823 VL - 21 IS - 3 SP - 5490-5499 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85008499430&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Gastrointestinal parasites in dairy cows present in farm show in western Santa Catarina, Brazil,Parasitos Gastrintestinais Em Vacas Leiteiras Presentes Em Exposições Agropecuárias Na Região Oeste De Santa Catarina, Brasil AU - Soldá, N.M. AU - Da Silva, A.S. AU - Glombowsky, P. AU - Chiocca, M. AU - De Cordova Cucco, D. AU - Oliveira, T.C. AU - Machado, G. T2 - Acta Veterinaria Brasilica DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// VL - 10 IS - 4 SP - 373-377 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85007044951&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - BLOG TI - Coop’s Scoop: Citizen science practitioners walk the walk with open science on the next #CitSciChat AU - Cooper, Caren T2 - PLOS CitizenSci blog DA - 2016/5/17/ PY - 2016/5/17/ UR - https://web.archive.org/web/20170908082601/http://blogs.plos.org/citizensci/2016/05/17/coops-scoop-citizen-science-practitioners-walk-the-walk-with-open-science-on-the-next-citscichat/ ER - TY - BLOG TI - How “Responsible” is citizen science? Discuss on the next #CitSciChat AU - Cooper, Caren AU - Serrano, Fermin AU - Göbel, Claudia T2 - PLOS CitizenSci blog DA - 2016/7/26/ PY - 2016/7/26/ PB - PLOS UR - https://web.archive.org/web/20170907223028/http://blogs.plos.org/citizensci/2016/07/26/how-responsible-is-citizen-science-discuss-on-the-next-citscichat/ ER - TY - BOOK TI - Citizen Science: How Ordinary People Are Changing the Face of Discovery AU - Cooper, C.B. DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// SP - 294 PB - The Overlook Press SN - 9781468308679 ER - TY - SOUND TI - Keynote AU - Cooper, C.B. DA - 2016/2// PY - 2016/2// ER - TY - BLOG TI - Coop’s Scoop: Genetic literacy and citizen science for reading DNA AU - Cooper, C.B. T2 - PLOS CitizenSci DA - 2016/1/19/ PY - 2016/1/19/ UR - http://blogs.plos.org/citizensci/2016/01/19/coops-scoop-genetic-literacy-and-citizen-science-for-reading-dna/ ER - TY - BLOG TI - Scientists should talk to the public, but also listen AU - Cooper, C.B. T2 - Scientific American DA - 2016/2/5/ PY - 2016/2/5/ UR - https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/guest-blog/scientists-should-talk-to-the-public-but-also-listen/ ER - TY - BLOG TI - Coop’s Scoop: Opening access with citizen science in a word AU - Cooper, Caren T2 - PLOS CitizenSci blog DA - 2016/2/23/ PY - 2016/2/23/ UR - https://web.archive.org/web/20180405154807/http://blogs.plos.org/citizensci/2016/02/23/coops-scoop-opening-access-with-citizen-science-in-a-word/ ER - TY - BLOG TI - Augmented reality in citizen science to connect with reality AU - Cooper, C.B. T2 - SciStarter blog DA - 2016/8/1/ PY - 2016/8/1/ UR - https://blog.scistarter.org/2016/08/augmented-reality-citizen-science-connect-reality/ ER - TY - BLOG TI - Coop’s Scoop: Quality and quantity with citizen science AU - Cooper, C.B. T2 - PLOS CitizenSci blog DA - 2016/12/21/ PY - 2016/12/21/ UR - https://web.archive.org/web/20170907203245/http://blogs.plos.org/citizensci/2016/12/21/quality-and-quantity-with-citizen-science/ ER - TY - CHAP TI - Why citizen science matters AU - Cooper, C.B. AU - Lewenstein, B.V. T2 - The Rightful Place of Science: Citizen Science A2 - Cavalier, D. A2 - Kennedy, E. PY - 2016/// PB - Consortium for Science, Policy & Outcomes, Arizona State University Press SN - 9780692694831 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Hydrology of wetland and related soils AU - Arndt, J.L. AU - Emanuel, R.E. AU - Richardson, J.L. T2 - Wetland Soils: Genesis, Hydrology, Landscapes, and Classification: Second Edition PY - 2016/// SP - 39-104 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85051620926&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - SOUND TI - Climate Variability and its Impacts over the Southeast AU - Arumugam, S. DA - 2016/2/8/ PY - 2016/2/8/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - Water and ecological sustainability under near-term climate change AU - Arumugam, S. DA - 2016/3/10/ PY - 2016/3/10/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Predictive Classical and Hierarchical Bayesian Modeling for Yearly Irrigation Water Withdrawal over the Coterminous USA AU - Das, P. AU - Arumugam, S. T2 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress (EWRI) C2 - 2016/5/22/ CY - West Palm Beach, FL DA - 2016/5/22/ PY - 2016/5/22/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Developing Categorical Streamflow Forecasts from Climate Forecasts Using Probabilistic Downscaling Methods AU - Mazrooei, A. AU - Arumugam, S. T2 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress (EWRI) C2 - 2016/5/22/ CY - West Palm Beach, FL DA - 2016/5/22/ PY - 2016/5/22/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Multivariate Bias Correction Procedures for Improving Water Quality Predictions using Mechanistic Models AU - Libera, D. AU - Arumugam, S. T2 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress (EWRI) C2 - 2016/5/22/ CY - West Palm Beach, FL DA - 2016/5/22/ PY - 2016/5/22/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Synthesis of US Public Water Supply: Spatio-temporal Patterns and Socio-Economic Controls AU - Arumugam, S. AU - Ruhi, A. AU - Sabo, J. AU - Sinha, T. AU - Seo, S.B. AU - Bhowmik, R.D. T2 - American Geophysical Union Fall meeting C2 - 2016/12/12/ CY - San Francisco, CA DA - 2016/12/12/ PY - 2016/12/12/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Understanding the Effects of Groundwater Pumping on Streamflow: Human-Feedback Analysis on Downstream Impacts and Relevance to Reservoir Management AU - Seo, S.B. AU - Mahinthakumar, G. AU - Arumugam, S. AU - Kumar, M. T2 - World Environmental & Water Resources Congress (EWRI) C2 - 2016/5/22/ CY - West Palm Beach, Florida DA - 2016/5/22/ PY - 2016/5/22/ PB - EWRI, West Palm Beach ER - TY - CONF TI - Importance of Preserving Cross-correlation in developing Statistically Downscaled Climate Forcings AU - Bhowmik, R.D. AU - Arumugam, S. T2 - World Environmental & Water Resources Congress (EWRI) C2 - 2016/5/22/ CY - West Palm Beach, FL DA - 2016/5/22/ PY - 2016/5/22/ PB - EWRI, West Palm Beach ER - TY - CONF TI - Utilizing Climate Forecasts for Improving Water and Power Systems Coordination AU - Arumugam, S. AU - Quieroz, A. AU - Patskoski, J. AU - Mahinthakumar, G. AU - DeCarolis, J. T2 - American Geophysical Union Fall meeting C2 - 2016/12/12/ CY - San Francisco, CA DA - 2016/12/12/ PY - 2016/12/12/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Tragedy of the Unexamined Cat: Why K–12 and University Education Are Still in the Dark Ages and How Citizen Science Allows for a Renaissance AU - Dunn, Robert R. AU - Cooper, Caren B. AU - Cavelier, Darlene AU - Urban, Julie T2 - Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education AB - At the end of the dark ages, anatomy was taught as though everything that could be known was known. Scholars learned about what had been discovered rather than how to make discoveries. This was true even though the body (and the rest of biology) was very poorly understood. The renaissance eventually brought a revolution in how scholars (and graduate students) were trained and worked. This revolution never occurred in K–12 or university education such that we now teach young students in much the way that scholars were taught in the dark ages, we teach them what is already known rather than the process of knowing. Citizen science offers a way to change K–12 and university education and, in doing so, complete the renaissance. Here we offer an example of such an approach and call for change in the way students are taught science, change that is more possible than it has ever been and is, nonetheless, five hundred years delayed. DA - 2016/3/1/ PY - 2016/3/1/ DO - 10.1128/jmbe.v17i1.1049 VL - 17 IS - 1 SP - 4-6 LA - en OP - SN - 1935-7877 1935-7885 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jmbe.v17i1.1049 DB - Crossref ER - TY - RPRT TI - Inferring habitat quality and habitat selection using static site occupancy models AU - Patton, Philip T. AU - Pacifici, Krishna AU - Collazo, Jaime DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// M3 - ArXiv Preprint UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/1607.05175 ER - TY - CONF TI - Multisource Image Kalman Filtering for Rapid Phenological Monitoring and Forecasting AU - Gray, J.M. AU - Friedl, Mark A. AU - Singh, Kunwar K. C2 - 2016/// C3 - American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting Abstracts DA - 2016/// SP - B43B-0599 PB - American Geophysical Union ER - TY - CONF TI - Validation of VIIRS Land Surface Phenology using Field Observations, PhenoCam Imagery, and Landsat data. AU - Zhang, Xiaoyang AU - Jayavelu, Senthilnath AU - Wang, Jianmin AU - Henebry, Geoffrey M. AU - Gray, Josh M. AU - Friedl, Mark A. AU - Liu, Yan AU - Schaaf, Crystal AU - Shuai, An C2 - 2016/// C3 - American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting Abstracts DA - 2016/// SP - B33J-06 PB - American Geophysical Union ER - TY - JOUR TI - A preliminary evaluation of World Heritage tourism promotion: comparing websites from Australia, China, and Mexico AU - Li, J. AU - Whitlow, M. AU - Bitsura-Meszaros, K. AU - Leung, Y.-F. AU - Barbieri, C. T2 - Tourism Planning and Development AB - World Heritage Sites (WHS), recognized for their remarkable natural and cultural values, are prime destinations for domestic and international tourists. Despite such values, limited information is available on the efficacy of promotion strategies to reach their markets. This note reports an instrument developed to evaluate WHS websites and the results from its application on government websites of Australia, China, and Mexico. These countries were selected based on their geographic location, perceived activeness in WHS promotion, and strong international tourism receipts. The evaluation instrument captured 33 attributes representing 5 dimensions: Communication, Site Attractiveness, Marketing Effectiveness, Technical Setup, and World Heritage Specifics. Results reveal significant variability in website quality, with areas identified for improvement, especially promoting specific World Heritage information. Besides sharing a validated instrument to evaluate WHS websites, this note discusses issues that need to be addressed to strengthen the web-based promotion of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization's World Heritage Program. DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// DO - 10.1080/21568316.2015.1101393 VL - 13 IS - 3 SP - 370-376 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84946600827&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Tourism promotion KW - web-based promotion KW - website evaluation KW - World Heritage Program ER - TY - CHAP TI - Enhancing Home Energy Efficiency Through Natural Hazard Risk Reduction: Linking Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation in the Home AU - Galik, Christopher S. AU - Rupert, Douglas AU - Starkman, Kendall AU - Threadcraft, Joseph AU - Baker, Justin S. T2 - Innovations in Home Energy Use: A Sourcebook for Behavior Change AB - As a collection of essays that explore innovations to encourage reduction in homeowner energy use, this volume reflects a confluence of ideas and initiatives rather than a narrow look at what a single, particular line of academic literature suggests might be possible to shape homeowner behavior. PY - 2016/1/4/ DO - 10.3768/rtipress.2015.bk.0015.1512.6 SP - 111-140 OP - PB - RTI Press SN - 9781934831151 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2015.bk.0015.1512.6 DB - Crossref ER - TY - RPRT TI - Estimating Greenspace Exposure and Benefits for Cumulative Risk Assessment Applications AU - Gernes, R. AU - Hertzberg, R. AU - MacDonell, M. AU - Rice, G. AU - Wright, J. AU - Beresin, G. AU - Miller, T. AU - Africa, J. AU - Donovan, G. AU - Hipp, J. AU - Hystad, P. AU - Jackson, L. AU - Kondo, M. AU - Michael, Y. AU - Mitchell, R. AU - Nieuwenhuijsen, M. AU - Ryan, P. AU - Sullivan, W. AU - Annerstedt van den Bosch, M. A3 - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// M1 - EPA/600/R-16/025 M3 - Summary Report PB - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency SN - EPA/600/R-16/025 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Theory and Practice of Citizen Science: Launching a New Journal AU - Bonney, Rick AU - Cooper, Caren AU - Ballard, Heidi T2 - Citizen Science: Theory and Practice AB - The field of citizen science is growing with breathtaking speed. Thousands of citizen science projects are now under way around the world, engaging millions of individuals in the process of scientific discovery. In the US, citizen science has been featured at the White House and the federal government has launched a website to showcase federally funded citizen science projects (citizenscience. gov). The largest research and innovation funding program in the European Union, Horizon 2020, is investing heavily in citizen science to tackle societal problems. The Australian government has published a vision for citizen science DA - 2016/5// PY - 2016/5// DO - 10.5334/cstp.65 VL - 1 IS - 1 SP - 1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - River profile response to normal fault growth and linkage: An example from the Hellenic forearc of south-central Crete, Greece AU - Gallen, Sean F. AU - Wegmann, Karl W. AB - Abstract. Topography is a reflection of the tectonic and geodynamic processes that act to uplift the Earth's surface and the erosional processes that work to return it to base level. Numerous studies have shown that topography is a sensitive recorder or tectonic signals. A quasi-physical understanding of the relationship between river incision and rock uplift has made the analysis of fluvial topography a popular technique for deciphering relative, and some argue absolute, histories of rock uplift. Here we present results from a study of the fluvial topography from south-central Crete demonstrating that river longitudinal profiles indeed record the relative history of uplift, but several other processes make it difficult to recover quantitative uplift histories. Prior research demonstrates that the south-central coastline of Crete is bound by a large (~100 km long) E-W striking composite normal fault system. Marine terraces reveal that it is uplifting between 0.1–1.0 mm yr−1. These studies suggest that two normal fault systems, the offshore Ptolemy and onshore South-Central Crete faults linked together in the recent geologic past (Ca. 0.4–1 Myrs bp). Fault mechanics predicts that when adjacent faults link into a single fault the uplift rate in the linkage zone will increase rapidly. Using river profile analysis we show that rivers in south-central Crete record the relative uplift history of fault growth and linkage, as theory predicts that they should. Calibration of the commonly used stream power incision model shows that the slope exponent, n, is ~ 0.5, contrary to most studies that find n ≥ 1. Analysis of fluvial knickpoints shows that migration distances are not proportional to upstream contributing drainage area, as predicted by the stream power incision model. Maps of the transformed stream distance variable, χ, indicate that drainage basin instability, drainage divide migration and river capture events complicate river profile analysis in south-central Crete. Waterfalls are observed in southern Crete and appear to operate under less efficient and different incision mechanics than assumed by the stream power incision model. Drainage area exchange and waterfall formation are argued to obscure linkages between empirically derived metrics and quasi-physical descriptions of river incision, making is difficult to quantitatively interpret rock uplift histories from river profiles in this setting. Karst hydrology, break down of assumed drainage area-discharge scaling and chemical weathering might also contribute to the failure of the stream power incision model to adequately predict the behavior of the fluvial system in south-central Crete. DA - 2016/11/8/ PY - 2016/11/8/ DO - 10.5194/esurf-2016-52 VL - 11 UR - https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2016-52 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Paleotopography and erosion rates in the central Hangay Dome, Mongolia: Landscape evolution since the mid-Miocene AU - Smith, Stephen G. AU - Wegmann, Karl W. AU - Ancuta, Leonard D. AU - Gosse, John C. AU - Hopkins, Chelsea E. T2 - Journal of Asian Earth Sciences AB - Standing over 2 km above the surrounding topography and flanked by orogen-scale strike-slip faults, the Hangay Dome in central Mongolia is characterized by long wavelength high topography, basaltic eruptions spanning 30 million years, and an abundance of flat-topped summit plateaus. However, despite decades of research, the origin and timing of the intraplate Hangay Dome uplift continues to be debated. Using Landsat imagery, GIS, and cosmogenic beryllium-10, we employ geomorphic investigations of (1) paleotopography preserved beneath basalt flows of known age, (2) erosion rates at various temporal scales, and (3) the relative contribution of glacial activity to total erosion to provide insight into the nature of landscape evolution in the Egiin Davaa region of the central Hangay Dome since the middle Miocene. Reconstruction of paleo-valleys cut into Paleozoic basement rock that exhibit a degree of local relief (>600 m) similar to the modern landscape, sluggish mean erosion rates (<45 m Myr−1), and dominance of glacial erosion suggest that there has been no dramatic change in tectonic forcing of the study area since ∼13 Ma, and that high amplitude climate oscillations beginning in the Pliocene have led to an environment influenced primarily by the activity of glaciers. These results provide support for uplift onset during the Oligocene or early Miocene, quantify landscape evolution since the middle Miocene, and underscore the importance of considering geomorphic archives found on Earth’s surface when building models of intra-continental epeirogeny. DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2016.05.013 VL - 125 IS - SP - 37 - 57 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1367912016301274 N1 - RN - ER - TY - JOUR TI - Source-to-sink sedimentary systems and global carbon burial: A river runs through it AU - Leithold, Elana L. AU - Blair, Neal E. AU - Wegmann, Karl W. T2 - Earth-Science Reviews AB - Source to sink sedimentary systems are important settings of carbon cycling, serving as sites of carbon transfer between terrestrial and marine reservoirs, and as the primary locations for organic carbon burial on Earth. The age and character of the carbon that is buried at the terminal ends of these systems reflects the sources and transformations of the organic carbon (OC) throughout their linked terrestrial and marine segments. Profound differences are observed between large passive and small active margin systems. Large passive margin systems are characterized by large floodplains and relatively broad shelves where OC has protracted exposure to oxidants. Rapid burial in prograding, subaqueous deltaic clinoforms or bypass to submarine fans, however, leads to high burial efficiency of terrestrial biospheric OC in some passive margin settings. The OC in small active margin systems, in contrast, follows relatively short pathways from headwaters to seabed. This rapid transit, facilitated by the important role of storm-driven transport in such settings, can lead to high OC burial efficiencies. The study of OC sources and transformations in contemporaneous source to sink sedimentary systems informs interpretations about the systems in which OC was buried in the geologic past, their stratigraphic records of environmental change, and their potential to produce petroleum resources. DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.10.011 VL - 153 IS - SP - 30 - 42 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001282521530057X N1 - Source-to-Sink Systems: Sediment & Solute Transfer on the Earth Surface RN - Source-to-Sink Systems: Sediment & Solute Transfer on the Earth Surface ER - TY - JOUR TI - A new seasonal-deciduous spring phenology submodel in the Community Land Model 4.5: impacts on carbon and water cycling under future climate scenarios AU - Chen, Min AU - Melaas, Eli K. AU - Gray, Josh M. AU - Friedl, Mark A. AU - Richardson, Andrew D. T2 - Global Change Biology AB - Abstract A spring phenology model that combines photoperiod with accumulated heating and chilling to predict spring leaf‐out dates is optimized using PhenoCam observations and coupled into the Community Land Model ( CLM ) 4.5. In head‐to‐head comparison (using satellite data from 2003 to 2013 for validation) for model grid cells over the Northern Hemisphere deciduous broadleaf forests (5.5 million km 2 ), we found that the revised model substantially outperformed the standard CLM seasonal‐deciduous spring phenology submodel at both coarse (0.9 × 1.25°) and fine (1 km) scales. The revised model also does a better job of representing recent (decadal) phenological trends observed globally by MODIS, as well as long‐term trends (1950–2014) in the PEP725 European phenology dataset. Moreover, forward model runs suggested a stronger advancement (up to 11 days) of spring leaf‐out by the end of the 21st century for the revised model. Trends toward earlier advancement are predicted for deciduous forests across the whole Northern Hemisphere boreal and temperate deciduous forest region for the revised model, whereas the standard model predicts earlier leaf‐out in colder regions, but later leaf‐out in warmer regions, and no trend globally. The earlier spring leaf‐out predicted by the revised model resulted in enhanced gross primary production (up to 0.6 Pg C yr −1 ) and evapotranspiration (up to 24 mm yr −1 ) when results were integrated across the study region. These results suggest that the standard seasonal‐deciduous submodel in CLM should be reconsidered, otherwise substantial errors in predictions of key land–atmosphere interactions and feedbacks may result. DA - 2016/5/14/ PY - 2016/5/14/ DO - 10.1111/gcb.13326 VL - 22 IS - 11 SP - 3675-3688 J2 - Glob Change Biol LA - en OP - SN - 1354-1013 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13326 DB - Crossref KW - carbon cycle KW - climate change KW - Community Land Model KW - ecosystem services KW - PhenoCam KW - phenology KW - water ER - TY - JOUR TI - Species traits and catchment-scale habitat factors influence the occurrence of freshwater mussel populations and assemblages AU - Pandolfo, Tamara J. AU - Kwak, Thomas J. AU - Cope, W. Gregory AU - Heise, Ryan J. AU - Nichols, Robert B. AU - Pacifici, Krishna T2 - Freshwater Biology AB - Summary Conservation of freshwater unionid mussels presents unique challenges due to their distinctive life cycle, cryptic occurrence and imperilled status. Relevant ecological information is urgently needed to guide their management and conservation. We adopted a modelling approach, which is a novel application to freshwater mussels to enhance inference on rare species, by borrowing data among species in a hierarchical framework to conduct the most comprehensive occurrence analysis for freshwater mussels to date. We incorporated imperfect detection to more accurately examine effects of biotic and abiotic factors at multiple scales on the occurrence of 14 mussel species and the entire assemblage of the Tar River Basin of North Carolina, U.S.A. The single assemblage estimate of detection probability for all species was 0.42 (95% CI, 0.36–0.47) with no species‐ or site‐specific detection effects identified. We empirically observed 15 mussel species in the basin but estimated total species richness at 21 (95% CI, 16–24) when accounting for imperfect detection. Mean occurrence probability among species ranged from 0.04 (95% CI, 0.01–0.16) for Alasmidonta undulata, an undescribed Lampsilis sp. , and Strophitus undulatus to 0.67 (95% CI, 0.42–0.86) for Elliptio icterina . Median occurrence probability among sites was <0.30 for all species with the exception of E. icterina . Site occurrence probability generally related to mussel conservation status, with reduced occurrence for endangered and threatened species. Catchment‐scale abiotic variables (stream power, agricultural land use) and species traits (brood time, host specificity, tribe) influenced the occurrence of mussel assemblages more than reach‐ or microhabitat‐scale features. Our findings reflect the complexity of mussel ecology and indicate that habitat restoration alone may not be adequate for mussel conservation. Catchment‐scale management can benefit an entire assemblage, but species‐specific strategies may be necessary for successful conservation. The hierarchical multispecies modelling approach revealed findings that could not be elucidated by other means, and the approach may be applied more broadly to other river basins and regions. Accurate measures of assemblage dynamics, such as occurrence and species richness, are required to create management plans for effective conservation. DA - 2016/8/5/ PY - 2016/8/5/ DO - 10.1111/fwb.12807 VL - 61 IS - 10 SP - 1671-1684 J2 - Freshw Biol LA - en OP - SN - 0046-5070 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12807 DB - Crossref KW - Bayesian hierarchical modelling KW - imperfect detection KW - rare species KW - species richness KW - unionid ER - TY - JOUR TI - Use of Limited Data to Model Lake Water Clarity from Remote Sensed Data in Lake Mattamuskeet, North Carolina AU - Ozen, Sibel AU - Nelson, Stacy A. C. AU - Khorra, Siamak AU - Moorman, Michelle AU - Cakir, Halil T2 - Journal of Earth Science Research DA - 2016/12/31/ PY - 2016/12/31/ DO - 10.18005/jesr0401005 VL - 12 SP - 43-54 J2 - JESR OP - SN - 2330-1740 2330-1759 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.18005/jesr0401005 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CHAP TI - Processing and Applications of Remotely Sensed Data AU - Khorram, Siamak AU - Nelson, Stacy A. C. AU - van der Wiele, Cynthia F. AU - Cakir, Halil T2 - Handbook of Satellite Applications PY - 2016/// DO - 10.1007/978-1-4614-6423-5_92-3 SP - 1-30 OP - PB - Springer New York SN - 9781461464235 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6423-5_92-3 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CHAP TI - Fundamentals of Remote Sensing Imaging and Preliminary Analysis AU - Khorram, Siamak AU - Nelson, Stacy A. C. AU - van der Wiele, Cynthia F. AU - Cakir, Halil T2 - Handbook of Satellite Applications AB - Airborne and satellite digital image acquisition, preprocessing, and data reduction techniques as applied to remotely sensed data for the purpose of extracting useful Earth resources information are discussed in this chapter. The image processing and postprocessing tools are described in the next chapter. The concepts discussed in this chapter include: PY - 2016/// DO - 10.1007/978-1-4614-6423-5_46-3 SP - 1-36 OP - PB - Springer New York SN - 9781461464235 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6423-5_46-3 DB - Crossref ER - TY - BOOK TI - Principles of Applied Remote Sensing AU - Khorram, Siamak AU - van der Wiele, Cynthia F. AU - Koch, Frank H. AU - Nelson, Stacy A. C. AU - Potts, Matthew D. DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// DO - 10.1007/978-3-319-22560-9 OP - PB - Springer International Publishing SN - 9783319225593 9783319225609 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22560-9 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Restoring forest structure and process stabilizes forest carbon in wildfire-prone southwestern ponderosa pine forests AU - Hurteau, Matthew D. AU - Liang, Shuang AU - Martin, Katherine L. AU - North, Malcolm P. AU - Koch, George W. AU - Hungate, Bruce A. T2 - Ecological Applications AB - Abstract Changing climate and a legacy of fire‐exclusion have increased the probability of high‐severity wildfire, leading to an increased risk of forest carbon loss in ponderosa pine forests in the southwestern USA . Efforts to reduce high‐severity fire risk through forest thinning and prescribed burning require both the removal and emission of carbon from these forests, and any potential carbon benefits from treatment may depend on the occurrence of wildfire. We sought to determine how forest treatments alter the effects of stochastic wildfire events on the forest carbon balance. We modeled three treatments (control, thin‐only, and thin and burn) with and without the occurrence of wildfire. We evaluated how two different probabilities of wildfire occurrence, 1% and 2% per year, might alter the carbon balance of treatments. In the absence of wildfire, we found that thinning and burning treatments initially reduced total ecosystem carbon ( TEC ) and increased net ecosystem carbon balance ( NECB ). In the presence of wildfire, the thin and burn treatment TEC surpassed that of the control in year 40 at 2%/yr wildfire probability, and in year 51 at 1%/yr wildfire probability. NECB in the presence of wildfire showed a similar response to the no‐wildfire scenarios: both thin‐only and thin and burn treatments increased the C sink. Treatments increased TEC by reducing both mean wildfire severity and its variability. While the carbon balance of treatments may differ in more productive forest types, the carbon balance benefits from restoring forest structure and fire in southwestern ponderosa pine forests are clear. DA - 2016/3// PY - 2016/3// DO - 10.1890/15-0337 VL - 26 IS - 2 SP - 382-391 J2 - Ecol Appl LA - en OP - SN - 1051-0761 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/15-0337 DB - Crossref KW - climate change mitigation KW - forest carbon KW - forest restoration KW - LANDIS-II KW - ponderosa pine KW - wildfire ER - TY - JOUR TI - Wildfire risk as a socioecological pathology AU - Fischer, A Paige AU - Spies, Thomas A AU - Steelman, Toddi A AU - Moseley, Cassandra AU - Johnson, Bart R AU - Bailey, John D AU - Ager, Alan A AU - Bourgeron, Patrick AU - Charnley, Susan AU - Collins, Brandon M AU - Kline, Jeffrey D AU - Leahy, Jessica E AU - Littell, Jeremy S AU - Millington, James DA AU - Nielsen-Pincus, Max AU - Olsen, Christine S AU - Paveglio, Travis B AU - Roos, Christopher I AU - Steen-Adams, Michelle M AU - Stevens, Forrest R AU - Vukomanovic, Jelena AU - White, Eric M AU - Bowman, David MJS T2 - Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment AB - Wildfire risk in temperate forests has become a nearly intractable problem that can be characterized as a socioecological “pathology”: that is, a set of complex and problematic interactions among social and ecological systems across multiple spatial and temporal scales. Assessments of wildfire risk could benefit from recognizing and accounting for these interactions in terms of socioecological systems, also known as coupled natural and human systems ( CNHS ). We characterize the primary social and ecological dimensions of the wildfire risk pathology, paying particular attention to the governance system around wildfire risk, and suggest strategies to mitigate the pathology through innovative planning approaches, analytical tools, and policies. We caution that even with a clear understanding of the problem and possible solutions, the system by which human actors govern fire‐prone forests may evolve incrementally in imperfect ways and can be expected to resist change even as we learn better ways to manage CNHS . DA - 2016/6// PY - 2016/6// DO - 10.1002/FEE.1283 VL - 14 IS - 5 SP - 276-284 J2 - Front Ecol Environ LA - en OP - SN - 1540-9295 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/FEE.1283 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Multisite analysis of land surface phenology in North American temperate and boreal deciduous forests from Landsat AU - Melaas, Eli K. AU - Sulla-Menashe, Damien AU - Gray, Josh M. AU - Black, T. Andrew AU - Morin, Timothy H. AU - Richardson, Andrew D. AU - Friedl, Mark A. T2 - Remote Sensing of Environment AB - Forests play important roles in the Earth's climate system and global carbon cycle. Therefore, a critical need exists to improve our understanding of how the growing seasons of forests are changing, and by extension, how the composition and function of forests will respond to future climate change. Coarse spatial resolution satellite remote sensing has been widely used to monitor and map the phenology of terrestrial ecosystems at regional to global scales, and despite widespread agreement that the growing season of Northern Hemisphere forests is changing, the spatial resolution of these data sources imposes significant limitations on the character and quality of inferences that can be drawn from them. In particular, the spatial resolution afforded by instruments such as MODIS does not resolve ecologically important landscape-scale patterns in phenology. With this issue in mind, here we evaluate the ability of a newly developed Landsat phenology algorithm (LPA) to reconstruct a 32-year time series for the start and end of the growing season in North American temperate and boreal forests. We focus on 13 “sidelap” regions located between overlapping Landsat scenes that span a large geographic range of temperate and boreal forests, and evaluate the quality and character of LPA-derived start and end of growing season (SOS and EOS) dates using several independent data sources. On average, SOS and EOS dates were detected for about two-thirds of the 32 years included in our analysis, with the remaining one-third missing due to cloud cover. Moreover, there was generally better agreement between ground observations and LPA-derived estimates of SOS dates than for EOS across the 13 sites included in our study. Our results demonstrate that, despite the presence of time series gaps, LPA provides a robust basis for retrospective analysis of long-term changes in spring and autumn deciduous forest phenology over the last three decades. Finally, our results support the potential for monitoring land surface phenology at 30 m spatial resolution in near real-time by combining time series from multiple sensors such as the Landsat Operational Land Imager and the Sentinel 2 MultiSpectral Instrument. DA - 2016/12// PY - 2016/12// DO - 10.1016/J.RSE.2016.09.014 VL - 186 SP - 452-464 J2 - Remote Sensing of Environment LA - en OP - SN - 0034-4257 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.RSE.2016.09.014 DB - Crossref KW - Landsat KW - Phenology KW - PhenoCam KW - Eddy covariance KW - Temperate forests KW - Boreal forests ER - TY - CHAP TI - Soundscapes and Larval Settlement: Characterizing the Stimulus from a Larval Perspective AU - Lillis, Ashlee AU - Eggleston, David B. AU - Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne R. T2 - The Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life II AB - There is growing evidence that underwater sounds serve as a cue for the larvae of marine organisms to locate suitable settlement habitats; however, the relevant spatiotemporal scales of variability in habitat-related sounds and how this variation scales with larval settlement processes remain largely uncharacterized, particularly in estuarine habitats. Here, we provide an overview of the approaches we have developed to characterize an estuarine soundscape as it relates to larval processes, and a conceptual framework is provided for how habitat-related sounds may influence larval settlement, using oyster reef soundscapes as an example. PY - 2016/// DO - 10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_77 SP - 637-645 OP - PB - Springer New York SN - 9781493929801 9781493929818 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_77 DB - Crossref KW - Estuarine sounds KW - Acoustic cue KW - Drifting hydrophone KW - Bivalve settlement ER - TY - CHAP TI - Soundscapes and Larval Settlement: Larval Bivalve Responses to Habitat-Associated Underwater Sounds AU - Eggleston, David B. AU - Lillis, Ashlee AU - Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne R. T2 - The Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life II AB - We quantified the effects of habitat-associated sounds on the settlement response of two species of bivalves with contrasting habitat preferences: (1) Crassostrea virginicia (oyster), which prefers to settle on other oysters, and (2) Mercenaria mercenaria (clam), which settles on unstructured habitats. Oyster larval settlement in the laboratory was significantly higher when exposed to oyster reef sound compared with either off-reef or no-sound treatments. Clam larval settlement did not vary according to sound treatments. Similar to laboratory results, field experiments showed that oyster larval settlement in "larval housings" suspended above oyster reefs was significantly higher compared with off-reef sites. PY - 2016/// DO - 10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_30 SP - 255-263 OP - PB - Springer New York SN - 9781493929801 9781493929818 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_30 DB - Crossref KW - Clams KW - Estuarine soundscape KW - Habitat-specific sounds KW - Larval settlement KW - Oysters ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comment AU - Guan, Qian AU - Laber, Eric B. AU - Reich, Brian J. T2 - Journal of the American Statistical Association DA - 2016/7/2/ PY - 2016/7/2/ DO - 10.1080/01621459.2016.1200911 VL - 111 IS - 515 SP - 936-942 J2 - Journal of the American Statistical Association LA - en OP - SN - 0162-1459 1537-274X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01621459.2016.1200911 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mapping Magnetic Ordering With Aberrated Electron Probes in STEM AU - Idrobo, Juan Carlos AU - Rusz, Ján AU - Spiegelberg, Jakob AU - McGuire, Michael A. AU - Symons, Christopher T. AU - Vatsavai, Ranga Raju AU - Cantoni, Claudia AU - Lupini, Andrew R. T2 - Microscopy and Microanalysis AB - Journal Article Mapping Magnetic Ordering With Aberrated Electron Probes in STEM Get access Juan Carlos Idrobo, Juan Carlos Idrobo Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Ján Rusz, Ján Rusz Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, Uppsala, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Jakob Spiegelberg, Jakob Spiegelberg Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, Uppsala, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Michael A McGuire, Michael A McGuire Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Christopher T Symons, Christopher T Symons Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Ranga Raju Vatsavai, Ranga Raju Vatsavai Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Claudia Cantoni, Claudia Cantoni Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Andrew R Lupini Andrew R Lupini Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 22, Issue S3, 1 July 2016, Pages 1676–1677, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927616009223 Published: 25 July 2016 DA - 2016/7// PY - 2016/7// DO - 10.1017/S1431927616009223 VL - 22 IS - S3 SP - 1676-1677 J2 - Microsc Microanal LA - en OP - SN - 1431-9276 1435-8115 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1431927616009223 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Detecting Extreme Events in Gridded Climate Data AU - Ramachandra, Bharathkumar AU - Gadiraju, Krishna Karthik AU - Vatsavai, Ranga Raju AU - Kaiser, Dale P. AU - Karnowski, Thomas P. T2 - Procedia Computer Science AB - Detecting and tracking extreme events in gridded climatological data is a challenging problem on several fronts: algorithms, scalability, and I/O. Successful detection of these events will give climate scientists an alternate view of the behavior of different climatological variables, leading to enhanced scientific understanding of the impacts of events such as heat and cold waves, and on a larger scale, the El Niño Southern Oscillation. Recent advances in computing power and research in data sciences enabled us to look at this problem with a different perspective from what was previously possible. In this paper we present our computationally efficient algorithms for anomalous cluster detection on climate change big data. We provide results on detection and tracking of surface temperature and geopotential height anomalies, a trend analysis, and a study of relationships between the variables. We also identify the limitations of our approaches, future directions for research and alternate approaches. DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// DO - 10.1016/J.PROCS.2016.05.537 VL - 80 SP - 2397-2401 J2 - Procedia Computer Science LA - en OP - SN - 1877-0509 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.PROCS.2016.05.537 DB - Crossref KW - spatio-temporal KW - co-location KW - anomaly detection KW - trend analysis ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sliding Window-based Probabilistic Change Detection for Remote-sensed Images AU - Hong, Seokyong AU - Vatsavai, Ranga R. T2 - Procedia Computer Science AB - A recent probabilistic change detection algorithm provides a way for assessing changes on remote-sensed images which is more robust to geometric and atmospheric errors than existing pixel-based methods. However, its grid (patch)-based change detection results in coarse-resolution change maps and often discretizes continuous changes that occur across grid boundaries. In this study, we propose a sliding window-based extension of the probabilistic change detection approach to overcome such artificial limitations. DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// DO - 10.1016/J.PROCS.2016.05.438 VL - 80 SP - 2348-2352 J2 - Procedia Computer Science LA - en OP - SN - 1877-0509 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.PROCS.2016.05.438 DB - Crossref KW - Probabilistic Change Detection KW - Satellite Image Processing KW - Spatial Data Mining KW - Sliding Window KW - GMM ER - TY - JOUR TI - Understanding the complexity of project team member selection through agent-based modeling AU - Hsu, Shu-Chien AU - Weng, Kai-Wei AU - Cui, Qingbin AU - Rand, William T2 - International Journal of Project Management AB - Previous research has recognized the significance of a team's work capacity and suggested the selection of team members based on individual skills and performance in alignment with task characteristics. However, work teams are complex systems with interdependence between workers and the social environment, and exhibit surprising, nonlinear behavior. This study utilizes Agent-Based Modeling (ABM) to understand the complexity of project team member selection and to examine how the functional diversity of teams and worker interdependence affect team performance in different economic conditions. Data for model validation was collected from 116 construction projects for the period from 2009 to 2011. The results show that teams with higher functional diversity can enhance the overall firm performance when the economy is in a downturn. This study suggests managers using knowledge of worker interdependence to protect higher-performing workers by minimizing disruption of interdependence in team member selection for improving firm performance. DA - 2016/1// PY - 2016/1// DO - 10.1016/J.IJPROMAN.2015.10.001 VL - 34 IS - 1 SP - 82-93 J2 - International Journal of Project Management LA - en OP - SN - 0263-7863 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.IJPROMAN.2015.10.001 DB - Crossref KW - Team member selection KW - Diversity KW - Interdependence KW - Complexity KW - Agent-based modeling ER - TY - JOUR TI - Residents' perceptions of wine tourism development AU - Xu, Shuangyu AU - Barbieri, Carla AU - Anderson, Dorothy AU - Leung, Yu-Fai AU - Rozier-Rich, Samantha T2 - Tourism Management AB - Wine trails have been studied insufficiently within the tourism literature despite of their recent rapid development worldwide. In response, this study examines residents' perceptions of wine tourism development in terms of personal benefits and community impacts. It also explores whether residents' socio-demographics and levels of wine enthusiasm, and wine trails' tourism characterization influence residents' perceptions. Following a stratified random sampling procedure, residents living along two wine trails in the Piedmont region of North Carolina (U.S.) were surveyed. Results indicate that residents are neutral in their perceptions of the Piedmont wineries in terms of both personal benefits and community impacts. Residents' socio-demographics and level of wine enthusiasm, as well as the comprehensiveness of wine trails' tourism amenities were significantly associated with residents' perceptions. Results also indicate that personal benefits mediate residents' perceptions of community impacts. In addition to the oretical and methodological contributions, this paper outlines management implications for wine trails. DA - 2016/8// PY - 2016/8// DO - 10.1016/J.TOURMAN.2016.02.016 VL - 55 SP - 276-286 J2 - Tourism Management LA - en OP - SN - 0261-5177 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.TOURMAN.2016.02.016 DB - Crossref KW - Attitudes KW - Community Impacts KW - Personal Benefits KW - Residents' Perceptions KW - Wine trail KW - Wine tourism ER - TY - JOUR TI - Editorial: Linking Optical and Chemical Properties of Dissolved Organic Matter in Natural Waters AU - Osburn, Christopher L. AU - Bianchi, Thomas S. T2 - Frontiers in Marine Science AB - EDITORIAL article Front. Mar. Sci., 16 November 2016Sec. Marine Biogeochemistry Volume 3 - 2016 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2016.00223 DA - 2016/11/16/ PY - 2016/11/16/ DO - 10.3389/fmars.2016.00223 VL - 3 J2 - Front. Mar. Sci. OP - SN - 2296-7745 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2016.00223 DB - Crossref KW - CDOM KW - DOC KW - absorbance KW - fluorescence KW - biomarkers KW - stable isotopes KW - photochemistry ER - TY - JOUR TI - Linking Heterotrophic Microbial Activities with Particle Characteristics in Waters of the Mississippi River Delta in the Aftermath of Hurricane Isaac AU - Ziervogel, Kai AU - Osburn, Christopher AU - Brym, Adeline AU - Battles, Jessica AU - Joye, Samantha AU - D'souza, Nigel AU - Montoya, Joseph AU - Passow, Uta AU - Arnosti, Carol T2 - Frontiers in Marine Science AB - Riverine runoff often triggers microbial responses in coastal marine environments, including phytoplankton blooms and enhanced bacterial biomass production that drive the transformation of dissolved and particulate organic matter on its way from land to the deep ocean. We measured concentrations and characteristics of particulate organic matter (POM), concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and bacterial community abundance and activities in the water column at three sites near the Mississippi River Delta two weeks after Hurricane Isaac made landfall in late August 2012. River plumes had salinities of >30 PSU and high levels of DOC (210-380 µM), resulting from the storm surge that pushed large quantities of marine waters upstream. Relatively high concentrations of phytoplankton POM and low levels of microbial exopolymeric particles (TEP and CSP) suggested that storm-induced riverine discharge triggered the development of phytoplankton blooms that were in their initial stages at the time of sampling. Surface water POM had C/N ratios of 5-7 and strong protein-like fluorescence signals in the base-extracted POM (BEPOM) fraction at the two sites closer to the river mouth (Stns. TE and MSP). Freshly produced POM triggered a twofold increase in heterotrophic bacterial biomass production (3H-leucine incorporation) and a fourfold increase in bacterial peptide hydrolysis (activities of leucine-aminopeptidase). In contrast, elevated DOC concentrations coincided with only moderate bacterial community activity, suggesting that heterotrophic bacterial metabolism near the Mississippi River Delta in the aftermath of Hurricane Isaac was more closely linked with autochthonous primary production. DA - 2016/2/16/ PY - 2016/2/16/ DO - 10.3389/fmars.2016.00008 VL - 3 J2 - Front. Mar. Sci. OP - SN - 2296-7745 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2016.00008 DB - Crossref KW - hydrolytic enzyme activities KW - bacterial protein production KW - base-extracted POM KW - Mississippi River discharge KW - carbon cycle KW - Hurricane Isaac ER - TY - JOUR TI - Optical Proxies for Terrestrial Dissolved Organic Matter in Estuaries and Coastal Waters AU - Osburn, Christopher L. AU - Boyd, Thomas J. AU - Montgomery, Michael T. AU - Bianchi, Thomas S. AU - Coffin, Richard B. AU - Paerl, Hans W. T2 - Frontiers in Marine Science AB - Optical proxies, especially DOM fluorescence, were used to track terrestrial DOM fluxes through estuaries and coastal waters by comparing models developed for several coastal ecosystems. Key to using optical properties is validating and calibrating them with chemical measurements, such as lignin-derived phenols - a proxy to quantify terrestrial DOM. Utilizing parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC), and comparing models statistically using the OpenFluor database (http://www.openfluor.org) we have found common, ubiquitous fluorescing components which correlate most strongly with lignin phenol concentrations in several estuarine and coastal environments. Optical proxies for lignin were computed for the following regions: Mackenzie River Estuary, Atchafalaya River Estuary, Charleston Harbor, Chesapeake Bay, and Neuse River Estuary. The slope of linear regression models relating CDOM absorption at 350 nm (a350) to DOC and to lignin, varied 5 to 10 fold among systems. Where seasonal observations were available from a region, there were distinct seasonal differences in equation parameters for these optical proxies. Despite variability, overall models using single linear regression were developed that related dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration to CDOM (DOC = 40×a350+138; R2 = 0.77; N = 130) and lignin (Σ8) to CDOM (Σ8 = 2.03×a350-0.5; R2 = 0.87; N = 130). This wide variability suggested that local or regional optical models should be developed for predicting terrestrial DOM flux into coastal oceans and taken into account when upscaling to remote sensing observations and calibrations. DA - 2016/1/20/ PY - 2016/1/20/ DO - 10.3389/fmars.2015.00127 VL - 2 J2 - Front. Mar. Sci. OP - SN - 2296-7745 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2015.00127 DB - Crossref KW - CDOM absorbance KW - CDOM fluorescence KW - dissolved organic matter (DOM) KW - lignin KW - carbon stable isotopes ER - TY - JOUR TI - Occurrence and Distribution of Mating Types of Pseudoperonospora cubensis in the United States. AU - Thomas, A AU - Carbone, I AU - Cohen, Y AU - Ojiambo, PS T2 - Phytopathology AB - During the past two decades, a resurgence of cucurbit downy mildew has occurred around the world, resulting in severe disease epidemics. In the United States, resurgence of the disease occurred in 2004 and several hypotheses, including introduction of a new genetic recombinant or pathotype of the pathogen, have been suggested as potential causes for this resurgence. Occurrence and distribution of mating types of Pseudoperonospora cubensis in the United States were investigated using 40 isolates collected from cucurbits across 11 states from 2005 to 2013. Pairing of unknown isolates with known mating-type tester strains on detached leaves of cantaloupe or cucumber resulted in oospore formation 8 to 10 days after inoculation. Isolates differed in their ability to form oospores across all coinoculation pairings, with oospore numbers ranging from 280 to 1,000 oospores/cm 2 of leaf tissue. Oospores were hyaline to golden-yellow, spherical, and approximately 36 μm in diameter. Of the 40 isolates tested, 24 were found to be of the A1 mating type, while 16 were of the A2 mating type. Mating type was significantly (P < 0.0001) associated with host type, whereby all isolates collected from cucumber were of the A1 mating type, while isolates from squash and watermelon were of the A2 mating type. Similarly, mating type was significantly (P = 0.0287) associated with geographical region, where isolates from northern-tier states of Michigan, New Jersey, New York, and Ohio were all A1, while isolates belonging to either A1 or A2 mating type were present in equal proportions in southern-tier states of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Texas. Viability assays showed that oospores were viable and, on average, approximately 40% of the oospores produced were viable as determined by the plasmolysis method. This study showed that A1 and A2 mating types of P. cubensis are present and the pathogen could potentially reproduce sexually in cucurbits within the United States. In addition, the production of viable oospores reported in this study suggests that oospores could have an important role in the biology of P. cubensis and could potentially influence the epidemiology of cucurbit downy mildew in the United States. DA - 2016/12// PY - 2016/12// DO - 10.1094/phyto-06-16-0236-r VL - 3 IS - 3 SP - 313–321 UR - http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/27841962 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Predicting Pre-planting Risk of Stagonospora nodorum blotch in Winter Wheat Using Machine Learning Models AU - Mehra, Lucky K. AU - Cowger, Christina AU - Gross, Kevin AU - Ojiambo, Peter S. T2 - Frontiers in Plant Science AB - Pre-planting factors have been associated with the late-season severity of Stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB), caused by the fungal pathogen Parastagonospora nodorum, in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum). The relative importance of these factors in the risk of SNB has not been determined and this knowledge can facilitate disease management decisions prior to planting of the wheat crop. In this study, we examined the performance of multiple regression (MR) and three machine learning algorithms namely artificial neural networks, categorical and regression trees, and random forests (RF), in predicting the pre-planting risk of SNB in wheat. Pre-planting factors tested as potential predictor variables were cultivar resistance, latitude, longitude, previous crop, seeding rate, seed treatment, tillage type, and wheat residue. Disease severity assessed at the end of the growing season was used as the response variable. The models were developed using 431 disease cases (unique combinations of predictors) collected from 2012 to 2014 and these cases were randomly divided into training, validation, and test datasets. Models were evaluated based on the regression of observed against predicted severity values of SNB, sensitivity-specificity ROC analysis, and the Kappa statistic. A strong relationship was observed between late-season severity of SNB and specific pre-planting factors in which latitude, longitude, wheat residue, and cultivar resistance were the most important predictors. The MR model explained 33% of variability in the data, while machine learning models explained 47 to 79% of the total variability. Similarly, the MR model correctly classified 74% of the disease cases, while machine learning models correctly classified 81 to 83% of these cases. Results show that the RF algorithm, which explained 79% of the variability within the data, was the most accurate in predicting the risk of SNB, with an accuracy rate of 93%. The RF algorithm could allow early assessment of the risk of SNB, facilitating sound disease management decisions prior to planting of wheat. DA - 2016/3// PY - 2016/3// DO - 10.3389/fpls.2016.00390 VL - 7 KW - disease risk KW - machine learning KW - random forest KW - variable importance KW - Stagonospora nodorum blotch KW - wheat ER - TY - JOUR TI - Scenario Analysis of Energy and Water Trade-Offs in the Expansion of a Dual Water System AU - Barker, Zachary A. AU - Stillwell, Ashlynn S. AU - Berglund, Emily Z. T2 - Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management AB - Using treated wastewater effluent (reclaimed water) for beneficial purposes can be a sustainable practice that reduces demand on potable networks. However, implementing reclaimed water networks can have unintended effects, specifically unintended increases in energy consumption. This case study employs multiperiod scenario analysis to examine energy consumption associated with the potable and reclaimed water systems for the Town of Cary, North Carolina. Using hydraulic planning models of both systems provided by the design engineers, the conveyance and additional treatment energy is tabulated. This method considers uncertainty in reclaimed water demand by varying the expected demand for each build out of the reclaimed water network. Differential electricity consumption is calculated as the difference between the electricity consumed to deliver reclaimed water through a secondary network compared to the electricity consumed to deliver the same volume through the potable water network. Demand uncertainty, in conjunction with spatial growth, is found to have large impacts on differential electricity consumption. Because of the high quality of wastewater effluent, no additional energy is required for treatment, causing the reclaimed water network to consume less energy than the business-as-usual scenario, where the demands are supplied via the potable network. The differential electricity consumption decreases with network expansion because the reclaimed water system becomes less energy efficient per unit volume with increasing flow rate, while the potable water system energy efficiency remains fairly constant. Understanding the trade-offs between water and energy when planning reclaimed water networks is important for sustainable resource management within the built environment. DA - 2016/12// PY - 2016/12// DO - 10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000714 VL - 142 IS - 12 SP - 05016012 J2 - J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. LA - en OP - SN - 0733-9496 1943-5452 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000714 DB - Crossref KW - Reclaimed water KW - Energy KW - Landscape irrigation KW - Sustainability ER - TY - JOUR TI - Can heritage resources highlight changes to the natural environment caused by climate change? Evidence from the Antarctic tourism experience AU - Powell, R.B. AU - Ramshaw, G.P. AU - Ogletree, S.S. AU - Krafte, K.E. T2 - Journal of Heritage Tourism AB - Tourists are motivated to travel to Antarctica for not only the natural beauty of the continent and its wildlife but also because of the cultural and historical resources associated with the great explorers, such as Shackleton. This article examines the interplay and interrelationships between natural and cultural heritage resources and how this may shape the Antarctic experience and the benefits and outcomes associated with tourism participation. In particular we examined how tourist's perspectives on climate change are influenced through this interplay between natural and cultural heritage resources. Data were drawn from participant observation, field notes, and open-ended questionnaires that were distributed to tourists that participated in four different Antarctic voyages in 2014. The study finds that cultural heritage resources, such as historic sites and locations, could be used as a narrative vehicle for discussing broader enivronmental issues such as climate change, as tourists appear willing to consider cultural and natural environments as existing in a symbiotic, rather than a dichotomous relationship. However, interpreters and guides may need to make the connections between cultural heritage resources and climate change more overt, as tourists did not necessarily view environmental issues through the prism of cultural heritage. DA - 2016/1/2/ PY - 2016/1/2/ DO - 10.1080/1743873X.2015.1082571 VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - 71–87 KW - environment KW - cultural heritage KW - climate change KW - Antarctica KW - natural heritage KW - numen KW - awe ER - TY - JOUR TI - Influence of subclinical infection by agents of tick fever in dairy cows on milk production AU - Pazinato, R. AU - Machado, G. AU - Stefani, L.M. AU - Da Silva, A.S. T2 - Revista MVZ Córdoba DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// VL - 21 SP - 5490–5499 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Gastrointestinal parasites in dairy cows present in farm show in western Santa Catarina, Brazil AU - Solda, N.M. AU - Da Silva, A.S. AU - Glombowsky, P. AU - Chiocca, M. AU - Cucco, D.C. AU - Oliveira, T.C. AU - Machado, G. T2 - Acta Veterinaria Brasilica AB - The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of gastrointestinal parasites in dairy cattle participants of farm show in western Santa Catarina, in order to know the situation of the animals exposed in these events. In three fairs of great expression of the western region of the state of Santa Catarina, that occurred in the years 2013 and 2014, were collected 153 samples feces of animal exposed, which were analyzed by the McMaster technique to check the number of eggs per gram of feces (EPG). In the tests performed, was diagnosed 69 samples positive for parasites (45%), i.e., helminth eggs, coccidia oocysts, or mixed infections by helminthes (Strongylida order) and coccidia (Eimeria spp). Eggs Strongylidae family were identified as the parasites Trichostrongylus spp., Haemonchus spp., Teladorsagia spp., Cooperia spp., and Oesophagostomun spp. Therefore, cattle present in farm show, despite the required sanitary control and in some cases even with previous treatment, have infection gastrointestinal parasites. DA - 2016/12/7/ PY - 2016/12/7/ DO - 10.21708/avb.2016.10.4.5594 VL - 10 IS - 4 SP - 373–377 SN - 1981-5484 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Everything Cannot Be Equal: Ranking Priorities and Revealing Worldviews to Guide Watershed Management AU - Cutts, Bethany B. T2 - Learner-Centered Teaching Activities for Environmental and Sustainability Studies PY - 2016/// DO - 10.1007/978-3-319-28543-6_19 SP - 149-154 OP - PB - Springer International Publishing SN - 9783319285412 9783319285436 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28543-6_19 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - No Evidence of Reciprocal Associations between Daily Sleep and Physical Activity AU - Mitchell, Jonathan A. AU - Godbole, Suneeta AU - Moran, Kevin AU - Murray, Kate AU - James, Peter AU - Laden, Francine AU - Hipp, J. Aaron AU - Kerr, Jacqueline AU - Glanz, Karen T2 - Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise AB - This study aimed to determine whether physical activity patterns are associated with sleep later at night and if nighttime sleep is associated with physical activity patterns the next day among adult women.Women (N = 353) living throughout the United States wore a wrist and a hip accelerometer for 7 d. Total sleep time (TST, hours per night) and sleep efficiency (SE, %) were estimated from the wrist accelerometer, and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA, >1040 counts per minute, h·d) and sedentary behavior (SB, <100 counts per minute, h·d) were estimated from the hip accelerometer. Mixed-effects models adjusted for age, race, body mass index, education, employment, marital status, health status, and hip accelerometer wear time were used to analyze the data. Follow-up analyses using quantile regression were used to investigate associations among women with below average TST and MVPA and above average SB.The average age of our sample was 55.5 yr (SD = 10.2 yr). The majority of participants were White (79%) and married (72%), and half were employed full time (49%). The participants spent on average 8.9 and 1.1 h·d in SB and MVPA, respectively, and 6.8 h per night asleep. No associations were observed between MVPA and SB with nighttime TST or SE. There were no associations between nighttime TST and SE with MVPA or SB the next day. The findings were the same in the quantile regression analyses.In free-living adult women, accelerometry-estimated nighttime sleep and physical activity patterns were not associated with one another. On the basis of our observational study involving a sample of adult women, higher physical activity will not necessarily improve sleep at night on a day-to-day basis (and vice versa). DA - 2016/10// PY - 2016/10// DO - 10.1249/mss.0000000000001000 VL - 48 IS - 10 SP - 1950-1956 J2 - Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise LA - en OP - SN - 0195-9131 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000001000 DB - Crossref KW - ACCELEROMETRY KW - ACTIGRAPHY KW - FEMALE KW - SEDENTARY BEHAVIOR ER - TY - JOUR TI - Oxidative balance in birds: An atoms-to-organisms-to-ecology primer for ornithologists AU - Skrip, M.M. AU - Mcwilliams, S.R. T2 - Journal of Field Ornithology AB - All air-breathing organisms must face the challenge of oxidative damage, and understanding how animals cope can lend insight into their ecology. Unlike other vertebrates, birds rely primarily on fats to fuel endurance exercise such as migration, and therefore face a greater potential for damage from the reactive by-products of their own metabolism. We review the physiological ecology of migrating birds through the lens of oxidation–reduction chemistry, underscoring how oxidative balance in wild birds may affect their dietary choices and use of critical stopover habitats during migration. Recent studies reveal that migratory birds prepare for oxidative challenges either by up-regulating endogenous antioxidants or by consuming them in their diet, and they repair oxidative damage after long flights, although much remains to be discovered about how birds maintain oxidative balance over the course of migration. We conclude by describing some of the most used and useful measures of antioxidant status and oxidative damage that field ornithologists can include in their tool kit of techniques to probe the oxidative balance of wild birds. Balance oxidativo en aves: introducción para ornitólogos desde los átomos hocia los organismos y a la ecología Todos los organismos que respiran aire deben enfrentarse al reto del daño por oxidación. Entender como los animales pueden manejar este daño puede dar indicios sobre su ecología. Contrario a otros vertebrados, las aves se basan primordialmente en grasas como combustible para ejercicios que requieren una resistencia alta, como la migración. Por lo tanto, las aves se enfrentan a un mayor potencial daño oxidativo por parte de los subproductos reactivos de su propio metabolismo. Aquí revisamos la ecología fisiológica de aves migratorias a través de la lupa de la química de oxido-reducción, resaltando como el balance oxidativo en aves silvestres puede afectar sus preferencias en la dieta y uso de hábitats críticos de escala durante la migración. Estudios recientes revelan que las aves migratorias se preparan para los retos oxidativos mediante el incremento de antioxidantes endógenos, o mediante el consumo en su dieta y reparan daños oxidativos después de vuelos largos. Sin embargo, aun queda mucho por descubrir sobre como las aves mantienen su balance oxidativo a lo largo del transcurso de la migración. Concluimos describiendo algunos de las medidas útiles y mas utilizadas del estatus antioxidante y daño oxidativo que los ornitólogos de campo puede incluir dentro de sus técnicas para la exploración del balance oxidativo en aves silvestres. DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// DO - 10.1111/jofo.12135 VL - 87 IS - 1 SP - 1-20 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84960351507&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - antioxidants KW - lipid oxidation KW - measurement KW - migration KW - stopover ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dietary antioxidants and flight exercise in female birds affect allocation of nutrients to eggs: how carry-over effects work AU - Skrip, Megan M. AU - Seeram, Navindra P. AU - Yuan, Tao AU - Ma, Hang AU - McWilliams, Scott R. T2 - Journal of Experimental Biology AB - ABSTRACT Physiological challenges during one part of the annual cycle can carry over and affect performance at a subsequent phase, and antioxidants could be one mediator of trade-offs between phases. We performed a controlled experiment with zebra finches to examine how songbirds use nutrition to manage trade-offs in antioxidant allocation between endurance flight and subsequent reproduction. Our treatment groups included (1) a non-supplemented, non-exercised group (control group) fed a standard diet with no exercise beyond that experienced during normal activity in an aviary; (2) a supplemented non-exercised group fed a water- and lipid-soluble antioxidant-supplemented diet with no exercise; (3) a non-supplemented exercised group fed a standard diet and trained to perform daily endurance flight for 6 weeks; and (4) a supplemented exercised group fed an antioxidant-supplemented diet and trained to perform daily flight for 6 weeks. After flight training, birds were paired within treatment groups for breeding. We analyzed eggs for lutein and vitamin E concentrations and the plasma of parents throughout the experiment for non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity and oxidative damage. Exercised birds had higher oxidative damage levels than non-exercised birds after flight training, despite supplementation with dietary antioxidants. Supplementation with water-soluble antioxidants decreased the deposition of lipid-soluble antioxidants into eggs and decreased yolk size. Flight exercise also lowered deposition of lutein, but not vitamin E, to eggs. These findings have important implications for future studies of wild birds during migration and other oxidative challenges. DA - 2016/9/1/ PY - 2016/9/1/ DO - 10.1242/jeb.137802 VL - 219 IS - 17 SP - 2716-2725 UR - https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.137802 KW - Antioxidant capacity KW - Lipid oxidation KW - Repeated measures KW - Reproduction KW - Songbirds ER - TY - JOUR TI - Structural dimensions of knowledge-action networks for sustainability AU - Muñoz-Erickson, Tischa A AU - Cutts, Bethany B T2 - Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability AB - Research on the influence of social network structure over flows of knowledge in support of sustainability governance and action has recently flourished. These studies highlight three challenges to evaluating knowledge-action networks: first, defining boundaries; second, characterizing power distributions; and third, identifying obstacles to knowledge sharing and connectivity. We present concepts from social network analysis (SNA) commonly found to influence knowledge flows. We examine applications of SNA from across the social sciences and use the case of land governance in San Juan, Puerto Rico, as an illustration of how all three challenges affect knowledge-action networks. SNA is a useful way to understand and overcome many challenges to knowledge flow and thus help improve informational governance strategies for sustainability. DA - 2016/2// PY - 2016/2// DO - 10.1016/j.cosust.2015.08.013 VL - 18 SP - 56-64 J2 - Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability LA - en OP - SN - 1877-3435 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2015.08.013 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Growing Gardens in Shrinking Cities: A Solution to the Soil Lead Problem? AU - Schwarz, Kirsten AU - Cutts, Bethany AU - London, Jonathan AU - Cadenasso, Mary T2 - Sustainability AB - As cities shrink, they often leave a patchwork of vacancy on the landscape. The maintenance of vacant lands and eventual transformation to sustainable land uses is a challenge all cities face, but one that is particularly pronounced in shrinking cities. Vacant lands can support sustainability initiatives, specifically the expansion of urban gardens and local food production. However, many shrinking cities are the same aging cities that have experienced the highest soil lead burdens from their industrial past as well as the historic use of lead-based paint and leaded gasoline. Elevated soil lead is often viewed as a barrier to urban agriculture and managing for multiple ecosystem services, including food production and reduced soil lead exposure, remains a challenge. In this paper, we argue that a shift in framing the soil lead and gardening issue from potential conflict to potential solution can advance both urban sustainability goals and support healthy gardening efforts. Urban gardening as a potential solution to the soil lead problem stems from investment in place and is realized through multiple activities, in particular (1) soil management, including soil testing and the addition of amendments, and (2) social network and community building that leverages resources and knowledge. DA - 2016/2/3/ PY - 2016/2/3/ DO - 10.3390/su8020141 VL - 8 IS - 2 SP - 141 J2 - Sustainability LA - en OP - SN - 2071-1050 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su8020141 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Media Frames and Shifting Places of Environmental (In)Justice: A Qualitative Historical Geographic Information System Method AU - Cutts, Bethany B. AU - Fang, Danqi AU - Hornik, Kaitlyn AU - London, Jonathan K. AU - Schwarz, Kirsten AU - Cadenasso, Mary L. T2 - Environmental Justice AB - Newspapers are underused as a source of spatial data in environmental justice research. Recent advances in qualitative historical geographic information systems (QHGIS) provide an opportunity for deeper investigation into how newspapers reflect changing meanings of place in relation to environmental burden and environmental benefit. This article introduces a protocol to identify and map locations associated with different media frames. We apply QHGIS to urban gardening and soil lead issues reported in Sacramento, California. We find that the QHGIS method enhances conventional approaches to case study archival research and media analysis because it reveals: (a) the distribution of public narratives of environmental concern across the city, (b) the politics embedded in location names, (c) place name-changes that might otherwise lead to inaccurate GIS analysis, and (d) how locations can be used as a framing device to communicate environmental concerns. The method can enhance research in which the history and geography of enduring, emerging, and changing public understandings of place are important to contemporary environmental (in)justice debates. DA - 2016/2// PY - 2016/2// DO - 10.1089/env.2015.0027 VL - 9 IS - 1 SP - 23-28 J2 - Environmental Justice LA - en OP - SN - 1939-4071 1937-5174 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/env.2015.0027 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Webcams, Crowdsourcing, and Enhanced Crosswalks: Developing a Novel Method to Analyze Active Transportation AU - Hipp, J. Aaron AU - Manteiga, Alicia AU - Burgess, Amanda AU - Stylianou, Abby AU - Pless, Robert T2 - Frontiers in Public Health AB - Introduction: Active transportation opportunities and infrastructure are an important component of a community’s design, livability, and health. Features of the built environment influence active transportation, but objective study of the natural experiment effects of built environment improvements on active transportation is challenging. The purpose of this study was to develop and present a novel method of active transportation research using webcams and crowdsourcing, and to determine if crosswalk enhancement was associated with changes in active transportation rates, including across a variety of weather conditions. Methods: 20,529 publicly available webcam images from two street intersections in Washington, D.C., were used to examine the impact of an improved crosswalk on active transportation. A crowdsource, Amazon Mechanical Turk, annotated image data. Temperature data was collected from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and precipitation data was annotated from images by trained research assistants. Results: Summary analyses demonstrated slight, bi-directional differences in the percent of images with pedestrians and bicyclists captured before and after the enhancement of the crosswalks. Chi-square analyses revealed these changes were not significant. In general, pedestrian presence increased in images captured during moderate temperatures compared to images captured during hot or cold temperatures. Chi-square analyses indicated the crosswalk improvement may have encouraged walking and biking in uncomfortable outdoor conditions (p<0.5). Conclusion: The methods employed provide an objective, cost-effective alternative to traditional means of examining the effects of built environment changes on active transportation. The use of webcams to collect active transportation data has applications for community policymakers, planners, and health professionals. Future research will work to validate this method in a variety of settings as well as across different built environment and community policy initiatives. DA - 2016/5/19/ PY - 2016/5/19/ DO - 10.3389/fpubh.2016.00097 VL - 4 J2 - Front. Public Health OP - SN - 2296-2565 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2016.00097 DB - Crossref KW - crowdsourcing KW - active transportation KW - webcams KW - built environment KW - crosswalks KW - pedestrian detection KW - bicyclist detection ER - TY - CHAP TI - Geospatial Analytics for Park & Protected Land Visitor Reservation Data AU - Supak, Stacy AU - Brothers, Gene AU - Ghahramani, Ladan AU - Van Berkel, Derek T2 - Analytics in Smart Tourism Design AB - Reservation databases utilized by parks and protected lands (PPLs) are a source of empirical data that holds a wealth of spatiotemporal information about both destination usage (from the supply side) and visitor characteristics (the demand population). Unfortunately, PPL reservation databases are rarely explored with these goals in mind. Geovisualizations of reservation data can be used to identify longitudinal patterns, trends and relationships that can help PPL managers generate knowledge useful in decision support. To demonstrate the knowledge that can be gained through geospatial analytics of PPL reservation data, 12.5 million reservation records from the recreation.gov database between January 1, 2007 and December 30, 2015 are examined. The database includes 3272 distinct destinations that provided camping, permitting or ticketing on U.S. Federal PPLs. This chapter discusses both the value of, and the methodology for, inductively exploring spatiotemporal PPL reservation data through geovisualization. Efforts such as those described in this chapter can provide decision support to managers of Federal, State and County agencies tasked with tourism and resource management. PY - 2016/10/13/ DO - 10.1007/978-3-319-44263-1_6 SP - 81-109 OP - PB - Springer International Publishing SN - 9783319442624 9783319442631 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44263-1_6 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Does Availability of Worksite Supports for Physical Activity Differ by Industry and Occupation? AU - Dodson, Elizabeth A. AU - Hipp, J. Aaron AU - Lee, Jung Ae AU - Yang, Lin AU - Marx, Christine M. AU - Tabak, Rachel G. AU - Brownson, Ross C. T2 - American Journal of Health Promotion AB - Purpose: To explore combinations of worksite supports (WSS) for physical activity (PA) that may assist employees in meeting PA recommendations and to investigate how availability of WSS differs across industries and occupations. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Several Missouri metropolitan areas. Participants: Adults employed >20 h/wk outside the home. Measures: Survey utilized existing self-reported measures (eg, presence of WSS for PA) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Analysis: Logistic regression was conducted for 2 outcome variables: leisure and transportation PA. Independent variables included 16 WSS. Of particular interest were interaction effects between WSS variables. Analyses were stratified by 5 occupation and 7 industry types. Results: Overall, 2013 people completed the survey (46% response rate). Often, availability of 1 WSS did not increase the likelihood of meeting PA recommendations, but several pairs of WSS did. For example, in business occupations, the odds of meeting PA recommendations through transportation PA increased when employees had access to showers and incentives to bike/walk (odds ratio [OR] = 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16-2.22); showers and maps (OR = 1.25; 1.02-1.55); maps and incentives to bike/walk (OR = 1.48; 1.04-2.12). Conclusion: Various combinations of WSS may increase the likelihood that employees will meet PA recommendations. Many are of low or no cost, including flexible time for exercise and maps of worksite-adjacent walk/bike routes. Findings may be instructive for employers seeking to improve employee health through worksite PA. DA - 2016/11/3/ PY - 2016/11/3/ DO - 10.1177/0890117116668795 VL - 32 IS - 3 SP - 517-526 J2 - Am J Health Promot LA - en OP - SN - 0890-1171 2168-6602 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890117116668795 DB - Crossref KW - health promotion KW - occupation KW - physical activity KW - worksite ER - TY - JOUR TI - Exploring associations between perceived home and work neighborhood environments, diet behaviors, and obesity: Results from a survey of employed adults in Missouri AU - Tabak, Rachel AU - Hipp, J. Aaron AU - Dodson, Elizabeth A. AU - Yang, Lin AU - Adlakha, Deepti AU - Brownson, Ross C. T2 - Preventive Medicine Reports AB - Dietary behaviors are associated with obesity, and may be influenced by the environment. The objective of the current work was to investigate whether perceptions of built environment factors related to eating in the residential neighborhood will have different, independent associations with BMI and dietary behaviors than perceived built environment factors in the worksite neighborhood. In 2012–2013, a cross-sectional telephone-survey of Missouri adults (n = 2015) assessed perceptions of home and workplace built environment factors related to eating, dietary behaviors, and height and weight. Logistic regression models explored associations between perceived neighborhood built environment variables, diet, and obesity. The only variable associated with any of the outcomes explored in the fully adjusted models was the home neighborhood composite scale. None of the work environment variables were significantly associated with any of the health/behavior outcomes after adjustment. Few associations were found after adjustment for personal and job-related characteristics, and none were identified with the workplace neighborhood environment. While few home environment associations were found after adjustment, and none were identified with the perceived workplace neighborhood environment, the current study adds to the limited literature looking at associations between the perceived neighborhood around the workplace neighborhood and the perceived neighborhood around the home and dietary behaviors and obesity in adults. Future studies are needed to determine whether relationships between these environments and behavior exist, and if so, if they are causal and warrant intervention attempts. DA - 2016/12// PY - 2016/12// DO - 10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.10.008 VL - 4 SP - 591-596 J2 - Preventive Medicine Reports LA - en OP - SN - 2211-3355 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.10.008 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Prevalence of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi in horses and associated risk factors in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil AU - Libardoni, Felipe AU - Machado, Gustavo AU - Gressler, Letícia Trevisan AU - Kowalski, Ananda Paula AU - Diehl, Gustavo Nogueira AU - dos Santos, Lucila Carboneiro AU - Corbellini, Luis Gustavo AU - de Vargas, Agueda Castagna T2 - Research in Veterinary Science AB - The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of equine strangles and to identify associated risk factors for this disease through a cross-sectional study of nasal swabs. Nasal swabs (n=1010) from healthy equines (absence of nasal discharge, lymphadenopathy and cough) from 341 farms were plated on 5% blood agar; of these horses, 24 were identified as positive for Streptococcus equi through isolation, PCR and DNA sequencing. The estimated prevalence for individual animals was 2.3%, and for herds, it was 5.86%. Statistical analysis identified the following as associated risk factors: the number of group events that were attended by the equines (PR: 1.06); the sharing of food containers (PR: 3.74); and at least one previous positive diagnosis of strangles on the farm (PR: 3.20). These results constitute an epidemiological contribution to the horse industry and may support measures for the future control of the disease. DA - 2016/2// PY - 2016/2// DO - 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.11.009 VL - 104 SP - 53-57 J2 - Research in Veterinary Science LA - en OP - SN - 0034-5288 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.11.009 DB - Crossref KW - Epidemiology KW - Strangles KW - Equine KW - Respiratory KW - Adenitis ER - TY - JOUR TI - Relation between Neospora caninum and abortion in dairy cows: Risk factors and pathogenesis of disease AU - Klauck, Vanderlei AU - Machado, Gustavo AU - Pazinato, Rafael AU - Radavelli, Willian M. AU - Santos, Daiane S. AU - Berwaguer, Jean Carlo AU - Braunig, Patricia AU - Vogel, Fernanda F. AU - Da Silva, Aleksandro S. T2 - Microbial Pathogenesis AB - Neosporosis is a parasitic disease cause by Neospora caninum, a parasite of great importance in livestock. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of antibody against N. caninum in dairy cattle with history of abortion, as well as to identify associated risk factors for neosporosis. Animals suspected of neosporosis (n = 130) after clinical examination were randomly selected. Sera samples from 29 farms were submitted to indirect immunofluorescence technique (IFA) in order to detect antibodies against N. caninum, and animals were considered positive if ≥IFA 1:200. An epidemiological questionnaire was used to verify probable risk factors for neosporosis and their cause-effect relation. Serological results showed that 43.8% of the animals were seropositives for N. caninum. The univariate statistical analysis found a significant relation between neoporosis and age. The number of pregnancies and the number of years that the farms had been producing milk were found as associated risk factors for the disease either by univariate or by multivariate analyses. The cause-effect model found a possible relation between reproductive problems and positive serology for neosporosis (P = 0.06). Therefore, it was concluded that approximately 44% of dairy cows with history of abortion were seropositives for N. caninum and that age and the number of years that the farms had been producing milk are risk factors for parasite infection in dairy cattle. DA - 2016/3// PY - 2016/3// DO - 10.1016/j.micpath.2015.12.015 VL - 92 SP - 46-49 J2 - Microbial Pathogenesis LA - en OP - SN - 0882-4010 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2015.12.015 DB - Crossref KW - Cattle KW - Epidemiology KW - Neosporosis KW - Reproduction KW - Risk factors ER - TY - JOUR TI - Relationship Between Pathological Findings and Cholinesterase Activity and Nitric Oxide Levels in Cattle Infected Naturally by Eurytrema coelomaticum AU - Schwertz, C.I. AU - do Carmo, G.M. AU - Bottari, N.B. AU - da Silva, E.S. AU - Gabriel, M.E. AU - Lucca, N.J. AU - Guarda, N. dos S. AU - Moresco, R.N. AU - Machado, G. AU - Morsch, V.M. AU - Schetinger, M.R.C. AU - Stefani, L.M. AU - Mendes, R.E. AU - Da Silva, A.S. T2 - Journal of Comparative Pathology AB - The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) (in the serum and pancreas), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (in the whole blood and pancreas) and nitric oxide (NO) (in the serum and pancreas) in cattle infected naturally by Eurytrema coelomaticum. Fifty-one cattle were studied, including 33 infected by E. coelomaticum and 18 uninfected animals. Significantly greater AChE activity was found in the pancreas of infected animals (P <0.01); however, these cattle had lower AChE activity in whole blood. BChE activity was greater in the sera of infected animals (P = 0.05), but was less in pancreatic samples. NO levels were significantly higher in the sera (P <0.05) and pancreas (P <0.001) of infected cattle compared with uninfected animals. A positive correlation was found between AChE activity in the pancreas and parasite load, but there was negative correlation between pancreatic BChE activity and parasitic load. Expression of AChE, BChE and NO is therefore linked to the inflammation caused by E. coelomaticum in cattle. DA - 2016/2// PY - 2016/2// DO - 10.1016/j.jcpa.2016.01.009 VL - 154 IS - 2-3 SP - 150-156 J2 - Journal of Comparative Pathology LA - en OP - SN - 0021-9975 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcpa.2016.01.009 DB - Crossref KW - acetylcholinesterase KW - butyrylcholinesterase KW - eurytrematosis KW - nitric oxide ER - TY - JOUR TI - Influence of experimental Anaplasma marginale infection and splenectomy on NTPDase and 5'nucleotidase activities in platelets of cattle AU - Doyle, Rovaina L. AU - Oliveira, Camila B. AU - França, Raqueli T. AU - Doleski, Pedro H. AU - Souza, Viviane C. AU - Leal, Daniela B.R. AU - Martins, João R. AU - Lopes, Sonia T.A. AU - Machado, Gustavo AU - Da Silva, Aleksandro S. AU - Andrade, Cinthia M. T2 - Microbial Pathogenesis AB - The objective of this paper was to evaluate NTPDase and 5'-nucleotidase activities in platelets of bovine with and without spleen and infected by Anaplasma marginale. Our results demonstrate that infection along with splenectomy is able of inducing a profile of cellular protection, which showed an increase in the degradation of the nucleotides ATP and ADP by NTPDase, in addition to AMP by 5'nucleotidase to form the nucleoside adenosine in platelets, i.e., the enzymatic activities of platelets were increased in splenectomized animals when compared to non-splenectomized group. It notes that adenosine is a molecule with anti-inflammatory function. But this profile is related to a deficiency in immune signaling triggered by nucleotide ATP, which may be related to the increase in bacteremia and disability in combating the parasite in splenectomized host. DA - 2016/6// PY - 2016/6// DO - 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.02.019 VL - 95 SP - 49-53 J2 - Microbial Pathogenesis LA - en OP - SN - 0882-4010 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2016.02.019 DB - Crossref KW - Anaplasma marginale KW - Ectonucleotidase KW - Splenectomized ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of lactation induction on milk production and composition, oxidative and antioxidant status, and biochemical variables AU - Radavelli, Willian Mauricio AU - Campigotto, Gabriela AU - Machado, Gustavo AU - Bottari, Nathieli B. AU - Bochi, Guilherme AU - Moresco, Rafael N. AU - Morsch, Vera M AU - Schetinger, Maria Rosa C. AU - Bianchi, Anderson AU - Baldissera, Matheus D. AU - Ferreira, Rogério AU - da Silva, Aleksandro Schafer T2 - Comparative Clinical Pathology DA - 2016/2/27/ PY - 2016/2/27/ DO - 10.1007/s00580-016-2243-z VL - 25 IS - 3 SP - 639-648 J2 - Comp Clin Pathol LA - en OP - SN - 1618-5641 1618-565X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00580-016-2243-z DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Oxidative stress associated with pathological changes in the pancreas of cattle naturally infected by Eurytrema coelomaticum AU - Schwertz, Claiton I. AU - Gabriel, Mateus E. AU - Henker, Luan C. AU - Bottari, Nathieli B. AU - Carmo, Guilherme do AU - Guarda, Naiara dos S. AU - Moresco, Rafael N. AU - Machado, Gustavo AU - Morsch, Vera M. AU - Schetinger, Maria Rosa C. AU - Stedille, Fernanda A. AU - Baska, Piotr AU - Mattei, Vanessa AU - da Silva, Aleksandro S. AU - Mendes, Ricardo E. T2 - Veterinary Parasitology AB - Although Eurytrema coelomaticum is considered a parasite with low pathogenicity, it may be associated with mortality and loss of productive performance in animals due to chronic pancreatitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of oxidative stress caused by E. coelomaticum in naturally infected cattle, correlating the biochemical findings with the parasite load and histopathological changes. For this study, blood and pancreas samples from 51 cattle were collected, and levels of the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) were measured in the serum and pancreas, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was measured in total blood. Parasite burden was determined opening the pancreatic ducts, and then fragments of pancreas were collected and fixed in 10% buffered formalin and routinely processed for histopathology. From the 51 collected pancreas, 33 (63.5%) were parasitized. The average parasite burden per pancreas was 532 (12-2,578). TBARS and FRAP showed higher levels in serum and pancreas of infected animals (p<0.05), with a positive correlation between the histopathological changes and the number of parasites. SOD level in blood was 42% higher in parasitized group compared with control group (p<0.05), as well as AOPP in serum. Based on these results, we concluded that in natural infection by E. coelomaticum in cattle, oxidative stress occurs, characterized by the occurrence of protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation and activation of antioxidant system. DA - 2016/6// PY - 2016/6// DO - 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.04.034 VL - 223 SP - 102-110 J2 - Veterinary Parasitology LA - en OP - SN - 0304-4017 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.04.034 DB - Crossref KW - Eurytrematosis KW - FRAP KW - TBARS KW - AOPP KW - SOD ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pre- and post-partum seric biochemical variables of Lacaune ewes naturally infected by gastrointestinal parasites AU - Balzan, Alexandre AU - Machado, Gustavo AU - Bottari, Nathieli B. AU - Volpato, Andreia AU - Grosskopf, Rhayana AU - Boito, Jhonatan P. AU - Cazarotto, Chrystian J. AU - Schetinger, Maria Rosa C. AU - Morsch, Vera M. AU - Silva, Aleksandro S. AU - al. T2 - Comparative Clinical Pathology DA - 2016/4/16/ PY - 2016/4/16/ DO - 10.1007/s00580-016-2268-3 VL - 25 IS - 4 SP - 815-823 J2 - Comp Clin Pathol LA - en OP - SN - 1618-5641 1618-565X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00580-016-2268-3 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Natural or replacer sources of milk in lambs during feeding adaptation: influences on performance, metabolism of protein and lipid and oxidative/antioxidant status AU - Grosskopf, R. K. AU - Grosskopf, H. M. AU - Boito, J. P. AU - Bottari, N. B. AU - Machado, G. AU - Biazus, A. H. AU - Schetinger, M. R. C. AU - Morsch, V. M. AU - Tonin, A. A. AU - Paiano, D. AU - Balzan, A. AU - da Silva, A. S. T2 - Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition AB - Summary This study aimed to evaluate the effect of milk feeding using milk replacer ( MR ) or natural ewe's milk ( NEM ) for Lacaune lambs on performance, protein and lipid metabolism and oxidative/antioxidant status. These parameters were evaluated during the period of feeding adaptation, which corresponded to 12 days after ewe's separation. Fifteen lambs were selected and divided into two groups: Group A ( n = 7) with lambs receiving natural milk; Group B ( n = 8) with lambs receiving a milk replacer. Liquid food supply, for both groups, was set according to their body weight, given in two daily periods. Feed intake was also obtained by individual body weight and adjusted according leftovers. Blood samples were collected on three different days (0, 6 and 12) to perform the serum analysis of total protein, albumin, cholesterol, triglycerides, alanine aminotransferase ( ALT ) and urea. Additionally, the oxidative profile was analysed in sera samples through the assessment of TBARS (reactive substances thiobarbituric acid) and ROS (reactive oxygen species) which aims to identify lipid peroxidation and free radical levels, respectively, as well as the antioxidant profile evaluating glutathione S‐transferase ( GST ). There was no statistical difference (p > 0.05) between groups on levels of total protein, albumin and globulin. However, cholesterol (day 6), triglycerides (days 6 and 12), urea (day 6) and ALT (day 12) levels differed (p < 0.05) between groups. Values of total protein, globulin, ALT and TBARS differed (p < 0.05) along the time. The average weight gain and body weight differed (p < 0.05) only on day 12, showing that weight gain was higher for lambs fed with NEM . The performance of lambs fed with MR was impaired. Biochemical parameters had a slight variation between groups and along the time, as well as oxidative/antioxidant status did not change in the different liquid diets. DA - 2016/5/18/ PY - 2016/5/18/ DO - 10.1111/jpn.12526 VL - 101 IS - 2 SP - 243-250 J2 - J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr LA - en OP - SN - 0931-2439 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpn.12526 DB - Crossref KW - lambs KW - feeding KW - oxidative stress KW - weight gain ER - TY - JOUR TI - Parasites in dairy cattle farms in southern Brazil AU - Pascoeti, Roger AU - Soldá, Natan Marcos AU - Sczesny, Tais Regina AU - Machado, Gustavo AU - Zamperete Reginato, Caroline AU - Camillo, Giovana AU - Flores Vogel, Fernanda AU - Simioni, Flávio José AU - Samia Lopes, Leandro AU - Fatima Fávero, Juscivete AU - Schafer Da Silva, Aleksandro T2 - Revista MVZ Córdoba AB - Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation among type and size of the farms related to the management of production and especially the presence and control of parasites. Materials and methods. To accomplish the above, 65 farms were used: 56 of semi-extensive system (cows in pastures), classified as low density farms (n=15, up to 15/cows), medium density farms (n=20; between 16-30/cows) and large density farms (n=21; over 31/cows). It was also included nine farms freestall system (n=9; confinement, over 70 cows) as part of the study population. Results. In the farms visited for the study can be noticed that the farms that had the higher level of technological improvement in managements practice were properties in high level (3) and freestall (4). In most of the farms there were observed the presence of ticks and flies, regardless of density of farms. Feces samples collected from 650 cows (n=10/farm), and analyzed using McMaster showed that 191 cows were positive for parasites. The presence of antibodies in bulk milk tank occurred in 36 (55.38%; CI95% 42-67) to Neospora caninum of the studied farms. Conclusions. We also conclude that N. caninum is present in cattle herds in Western Santa Catarina, and may be linked to reproductive problems in cows. DA - 2016/5/6/ PY - 2016/5/6/ DO - 10.21897/rmvz.597 VL - 5 IS - 2 SP - 5304-5315 J2 - Rev MVZ Córdoba OP - SN - 1909-0544 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.21897/rmvz.597 DB - Crossref KW - Cow KW - nematodes KW - neosporosis KW - production systems ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluation of tea tree oil for controlling Rhipicephalus microplus in dairy cows AU - Pazinatto Boito, Jhonatan AU - Santos, Roberto C. AU - Vaucher, Rodrigo A. AU - Raffin, Renata AU - Machado, Gustavo AU - Tonin, Alexandre A. AU - Da Silva, Aleksandro S. T2 - Veterinary Parasitology AB - Our research aimed to test the effects of Melaleuca alternifolia oil (pure and in nanocapsules) in the control of Rhipicephalus microplus in dairy cattle. For this purpose, the in vivo studies used 15 cows distributed in three different groups with the same number of animals. Five cows remained untreated (Group A), representing the control group; other five cows were sprayed with TTO (at 5%) in its pure form (Group B); and five cows were sprayed with nanocapsules of TTO (at 0.75%) (Group C). On days 1 and 4 post-treatments (PT), all cows had their ticks counted. On day 1 PT, two ticks from each cow were collected to evaluate the effect of the treatment on ticḱs reproduction (in vitro assays). The pure form of TTO caused a significant reduction (P<0.05) in the number of ticks from the Group B compared to the Group A on day 4 PT. However, there was no significant difference in the number of ticks on cows from Groups A and C after treatment (P>0.05). Treatment with TTO in nanocapsules (Group C) interfered with R. microplus reproduction, leading to lower oviposition by female ticks and hatchability (34.5% of efficacy). On the other hand, TTO oil (Group B) did not interfere on ticḱs reproduction, i.e. showed higher hatchability than the control group. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that pure TTO has an acaricidal effect in dairy cows, in addition to an effect on ticḱs reproduction when used its nanocapsulated form. DA - 2016/7// PY - 2016/7// DO - 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.05.031 VL - 225 SP - 70-72 J2 - Veterinary Parasitology LA - en OP - SN - 0304-4017 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.05.031 DB - Crossref KW - Melaleuca alternifolia KW - Tick KW - Drug resistance KW - Nanotechnology ER - TY - JOUR TI - Surface water extent dynamics from three decades of seasonally continuous Landsat time series at subcontinental scale in a semi-arid region AU - Tulbure, Mirela G. AU - Broich, Mark AU - Stehman, Stephen V. AU - Kommareddy, Anil T2 - Remote Sensing of Environment AB - Seasonally continuous long-term information on surface water and flooding extent over subcontinental scales is critical for quantifying spatiotemporal changes in surface water dynamics. We used seasonally continuous Landsat TM/ETM + data and generic random forest-based models to synoptically map the extent and dynamics of surface water and flooding (1986–2011) over the Murray–Darling Basin (MDB). The MDB is a large semi-arid basin with competing demands for water that has recently experienced one of the most severe droughts in the southeast of Australia. We used a stratified random probability sampling design with 500 sample pixels each observed across time to assess the accuracy of the surface water maps. We further developed models to map flooded forest at a riparian site that experienced severe tree dieback. Water indices and bands 5 and 6 were among the top 10 explanatory variables most important for mapping surface water. Surface water extent per season per year showed high inter-annual and seasonal variability, with low extent and variability during the Millennium Drought (1999–2009). Accuracy assessment yielded an overall classification accuracy of 99.9% (± 0.02% standard error) with 87% (± 3%) and 96% (± 2%) producer's and user's accuracy of water, respectively. User's and producer's accuracies of water were higher for Landsat 7 than Landsat 5 data. Both producer's and user's accuracies of water were lower in wet years compared to dry years. The approach presented here can be further developed for global application and is relevant to areas with competing water demands. Quantifying the uncertainty of the accuracy assessment and providing an unbiased accuracy estimate are imperative steps when remotely sensed products are intended to be used for follow on applications. DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2016.02.034 VL - 178 SP - 142-157 ER - TY - CONF TI - Multiscale forest health mapping: the potential of air- and space-borne sensors AU - Shendryk, I. AU - Broich, M. AU - Tulbure, M.G. AU - McGrath, A. AU - Keith, D. AU - Alexandrov, S.V. T2 - ForestSat 2016 C2 - 2016/// DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Antibodies against vesicular stomatitis virus in horses from southern, midwestern and northeastern Brazilian States AU - Lunkes, Vinícius Leobet AU - Tonin, Alexandre Alberto AU - Machado, Gustavo AU - Corbellini, Luis Gustavo AU - Diehl, Gustavo Nogueira AU - Santos, Lucila Carboneiro dos AU - Bezerra, Camila de Sousa AU - Azevedo, Sérgio Santos de AU - Pequeno, Nebson Fernandes AU - Silva, Adriana Moraes da AU - Weiblen, Rudi AU - Flores, Eduardo Furtado T2 - Ciência Rural AB - ABSTRACT: Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is the agent of a vesicular disease that affects many animal species and may be clinically confounded with foot-and-mouth disease in ruminant and swine. Horses are especially susceptible to VSV and may serve as sentinels for virus circulation. The present study investigated the presence of neutralizing antibodies against VSV Indiana III (VSIV-3) in serum samples of 3,626 horses from six states in three Brazilian regions: Southern (RS, n = 1,011), Midwest (GO/DF, n = 1,767) and Northeast (PB, PE, RN and CE, n = 848) collected between 2013 and 2014. Neutralizing antibodies against VSIV-3 (titers ≥40) were detected in 641 samples (positivity of 17.7%; CI95%:16.5-19.0%), being 317 samples from CE (87.3%; CI95%: 83.4-90.5 %); 109 from RN (65.7%; CI95%: 57.8 -72.7%); 124 from PB (45.4%; CI95%: 39.4-51.5%); 78 from GO/DF (4.4%; CI95%: 3.5-5.5%) and nine samples of RS (0.9%; CI95%: 0.4-1.7%). Several samples from the Northeast and Midwest harbored high neutralizing titers, indicating a recent exposure to the virus. In contrast, samples from RS had low titers, possibly due to a past remote exposure. Several positive samples presented neutralizing activity against other VSV serotypes (Indiana I and New Jersey), yet in lower titers, indicating the specificity of the response to VSIV-3. These results demonstrated a relatively recent circulation of VSIV-3 in northeastern Brazilian States, confirming clinical findings and demonstrating the sanitary importance of this infection. DA - 2016/8// PY - 2016/8// DO - 10.1590/0103-8478cr20151135 VL - 46 IS - 8 SP - 1424-1429 J2 - Cienc. Rural OP - SN - 0103-8478 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20151135 DB - Crossref KW - serology KW - differential diagnosis KW - foot-and-mouth disease KW - zoonosis KW - vesicular disease ER - TY - JOUR TI - Imidocarb dipropionate in the treatment of Anaplasma marginale in cattle: Effects on enzymes of the antioxidant, cholinergic, and adenosinergic systems AU - Doyle, Rovaina L. AU - Fritzen, Alexandro AU - Bottari, Nathieli B. AU - Alves, Mariana S. AU - da Silva, Aniélen D. AU - Morsch, Vera M. AU - Schetinger, Maria Rosa C. AU - Martins, João R. AU - Santos, Julsan S. AU - Machado, Gustavo AU - da Silva, Aleksandro S. T2 - Microbial Pathogenesis AB - Anaplasmosis is a worldwide hemolytic disease in cattle caused by a gram-negative obligatory intracellular bacterium, characterized by anemia and jaundice. Among the treatments used for anaplasmosis is a drug called imidocarb dipropionate, also indicated as an immunomodulator agent. However, it causes side effects associated with increased levels of acetylcholine. In view of this, the effects of imidocarb dipropionate on the purinergic system, and antioxidant enzymes in animals naturally infected by Anaplasma marginale were evaluated. Young cattle (n = 22) infected by A. marginale were divided into two groups: the Group A consisted of 11 animals used as controls; and the Group B composed of 11 animals. Imidocarb dipropionate (5 mg/kg) was used subcutaneously to treat both groups (the Group A on day 6 and the Group B on day 0). The treatment reduced acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activities, and increased the dismutase superoxide and catalase activities. No changes on lipid peroxidation (TBARS levels) and BChE activities were noticed. These results suggest that imidocarb dipropionate used to treat A. marginale infection in cattle has effect on antioxidant enzymes, and significantly inhibits the enzymatic activities of ADA and AChE. DA - 2016/8// PY - 2016/8// DO - 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.06.001 VL - 97 SP - 226-230 J2 - Microbial Pathogenesis LA - en OP - SN - 0882-4010 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2016.06.001 DB - Crossref KW - Anaplasma marginale KW - AChE KW - ADA KW - CAT KW - Immunomodulation KW - SOD ER - TY - JOUR TI - Identification and characterization of Aspergillus fumigatus isolates from broilers AU - Spanamberg, Andréia AU - Ferreiro, Laerte AU - Machado, Gustavo AU - Fraga, Cibele Floriano AU - Araujo, Ricardo T2 - Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira AB - Abstract: Aspergillosis is one of the main causes of mortality in birds. The pulmonary system is most frequently affected, with lesions observed in the air sacs and lungs of a wide variety of bird species. The aim of this study was to confirm by molecular methods the identification and the genetic diversity of Aspergillus fumigatus isolates of lung's samples from healthy broilers (Galus galus domesticus). Forty-four (9.5%) isolates of lung's samples were confirmed as A. fumigatus by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) multiplex (amplification of β-tub and rodA gene fragments). Microsatellite typing for A. fumigatus was used to analyse all avian isolates. Among them, 40 genotypes (90.9%) were observed only one time. The results showed a high variability and multiple genotypes of de A. fumigatus collected from lung's samples of broilers. DA - 2016/7// PY - 2016/7// DO - 10.1590/s0100-736x2016000700005 VL - 36 IS - 7 SP - 591-594 J2 - Pesq. Vet. Bras. OP - SN - 0100-736X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2016000700005 DB - Crossref KW - Aspergillus fumigatus KW - broilers KW - molecular identification KW - multiplex PCR KW - genotyping ER - TY - JOUR TI - Horses seropositive for Toxoplasma gondii, Sarcocystis spp. and Neospora spp.: Possible risk factors for infection in Brazil AU - Cazarotto, Chrystian J. AU - Balzan, Alexandre AU - Grosskopf, Rhayana K. AU - Boito, Jhonatan P. AU - Portella, Luiza P. AU - Vogel, Fernanda F. AU - Fávero, Juscivete F. AU - de C. Cucco, Diego AU - Biazus, Angelisa H. AU - Machado, Gustavo AU - Da Silva, Aleksandro S. T2 - Microbial Pathogenesis AB - Many parasitic diseases are considered asymptomatic, even though some studies have shown that they may cause pathological changes in the host. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora spp. and Sarcocystis spp. in horses, and to identify the risk factors for disease. For this, 174 horses were studied, 90 males and 84 females aged between two and 20 years old. Blood samples were collected and stored in tubes without anticoagulant to obtain serum, which was subjected to serological tests for T. gondii, Sarcocystis spp., and Neospora spp. using indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). IFA results were as follows: Sarcocystis spp. 41.37% (72/174) (CI95%-34.05-49.09); T. gondii 32.18% (56/174) (CI95%-25.42-39.74) and Neospora spp. 48.27% (84/174) (CI95%-40.68.50-55.93). Out of 174 horses, 81 had simple infection, 61 had mixed infections with two or three of these pathogens, and therefore, only 32 horses showed no antibodies to any of these pathogens. No risk factors for Sarcocystis spp. and T. gondii infection were identified. However, there was a significant (1.22-CI95%-1.02-1.52) relationship between animal age and Neospora spp. infection, since older animals showed higher prevalence. Therefore, it was possible to conclude that T. gondii and Neospora spp. affect horses in Southern Brazil, however all the animals studied were asymptomatic without reproductive, neurological or locomotor problems. DA - 2016/10// PY - 2016/10// DO - 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.07.016 VL - 99 SP - 30-35 J2 - Microbial Pathogenesis LA - en OP - SN - 0882-4010 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2016.07.016 DB - Crossref KW - Antibodies KW - Equine KW - Protozoa KW - Pathogenesis ER - TY - JOUR TI - Relation between calcium levels and adenosine deaminase activity in serum in pre- and postpartum of dairy cow AU - Fritzen, Alexandro AU - Albani, Kassio D. AU - Machado, Gustavo AU - Bottari, Nathieli B. AU - Alves, Mariana S. AU - Schetinger, Maria Rosa C. AU - Morsch, Vera M. AU - Giuriatti, Jessica AU - da Silva, Aleksandro S. T2 - Comparative Clinical Pathology DA - 2016/8/31/ PY - 2016/8/31/ DO - 10.1007/s00580-016-2329-7 VL - 25 IS - 6 SP - 1201-1205 J2 - Comp Clin Pathol LA - en OP - SN - 1618-5641 1618-565X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00580-016-2329-7 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Butyrylcholinesterase activity in dairy cows naturally infected by Dictyocaulus viviparous and treated with eprinomectin AU - Pereira, Raquel Grande AU - Silva, Aleksandro Schafer AU - Mendes, Ricardo E. AU - Bottari, Nathieli B. AU - Schwertz, Claiton I. AU - Lucca, Neuber J. AU - Henker, Luan C. AU - Morsch, Vera M. AU - Schetinger, Maria Rosa C. AU - Machado, Gustavo AU - al. T2 - Comparative Clinical Pathology DA - 2016/10/28/ PY - 2016/10/28/ DO - 10.1007/s00580-016-2358-2 VL - 26 IS - 1 SP - 155-158 J2 - Comp Clin Pathol LA - en OP - SN - 1618-5641 1618-565X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00580-016-2358-2 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Injectable mineral supplementation to transition period dairy cows and its effects on animal health AU - Soldá, Natan M. AU - Glombowsky, Patrícia AU - Campigotto, Gabriela AU - Bottari, Nathieli B. AU - Schetinger, Maria Rosa C. AU - Morsch, Vera M. AU - Favero, Juscivete F. AU - Baldissera, Matheus D. AU - Schogor, Ana Luiza B. AU - Barreta, Dilmar AU - Machado, Gustavo AU - da Silva, Aleksandro S. T2 - Comparative Clinical Pathology DA - 2016/11/24/ PY - 2016/11/24/ DO - 10.1007/s00580-016-2378-y VL - 26 IS - 2 SP - 335-342 J2 - Comp Clin Pathol LA - en OP - SN - 1618-5641 1618-565X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00580-016-2378-y DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Oxidative stress in dairy cows naturally infected with the lungworm Dictyocaulus viviparus (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea) AU - da Silva, A.D. AU - da Silva, A.S. AU - Baldissera, M.D. AU - Schwertz, C.I. AU - Bottari, N.B. AU - Carmo, G.M. AU - Machado, G. AU - Lucca, N.J. AU - Henker, L.C. AU - Piva, M.M. AU - Giacomin, P. AU - Morsch, V.M. AU - Schetinger, M.R.C. AU - da Rosa, R.A. AU - Mendes, R.E. T2 - Journal of Helminthology AB - Abstract The aim of this study was to analyse the oxidative and anti-oxidant status in serum samples from dairy cows naturally infected by Dictyocaulus viviparus and its relation with pathological analyses. The diagnosis of the disease was confirmed by necropsy of one dairy cow with heavy infection by the parasite in the lungs and bronchi. Later, blood and faeces were collected from another 22 cows from the same farm to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities on day 0 (pre-treatment) and day 10 (post-treatment with eprinomectin). Faecal examination confirmed the infection in all lactating cows. However, the number of D. viviparus larvae per gram of faeces varied between animals. Cows showed different degrees of severity according to respiratory clinical signs of the disease (cough and nasal secretion). Further, they were classified and divided into two groups: those with mild ( n = 10) and severe disease ( n = 12). Increased levels of TBARS ( P < 0.001), ROS ( P = 0.002) and SOD activity ( P < 0.001), as well as reduced CAT activity ( P < 0.001) were observed in cows with severe clinical signs of the disease compared to those with mild clinical signs. Eprinomectin treatment (day 10) caused a reduction of ROS levels ( P = 0.006) and SOD activity ( P < 0.001), and an increase of CAT activity ( P = 0.05) compared to day 0 (pre-treatment). TBARS levels did not differ with treatment ( P = 0.11). In summary, increased ROS production and lipid peroxidation altered CAT and SOD activities, as an adaptive response against D. viviparus infection, contributing to the occurrence of oxidative stress and severity of the disease. Treatment with eprinomectin eliminated the infection, and thus minimized oxidative stress in dairy cows. DA - 2016/7/27/ PY - 2016/7/27/ DO - 10.1017/s0022149x16000456 VL - 91 IS - 4 SP - 462-469 J2 - J. Helminthol. LA - en OP - SN - 0022-149X 1475-2697 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x16000456 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Occurrence of gastrointestinal helminths in horses and risk factors for infection AU - Balzan, Alexandre AU - Cazarotto, Chrystian J. AU - Grosskopf, Rhayana K. AU - Machado, Gustavo AU - Tonin, Alexandre A. AU - da Silva, Aleksandro S. T2 - Comparative Clinical Pathology DA - 2016/10/28/ PY - 2016/10/28/ DO - 10.1007/s00580-016-2360-8 VL - 26 IS - 1 SP - 159-163 J2 - Comp Clin Pathol LA - en OP - SN - 1618-5641 1618-565X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00580-016-2360-8 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - RESPONSE OF RIPARIAN VEGETATION IN AUSTRALIA"S LARGEST RIVER BASIN TO INTER AND INTRA-ANNUAL CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND FLOODING AS QUANTIFIED WITH LANDSAT AND MODIS AU - Broich, M. AU - Tulbure, M. G. T2 - ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences AB - Abstract. Australia is a continent subject to high rainfall variability, which has major influences on runoff and vegetation dynamics. However, the resulting spatial-temporal pattern of flooding and its influence on riparian vegetation has not been quantified in a spatially explicit way. Here we focused on the floodplains of the entire Murray-Darling Basin (MDB), an area that covers over 1M km2, as a case study. The MDB is the country’s primary agricultural area with scarce water resources subject to competing demands and impacted by climate change and more recently by the Millennium Drought (1999–2009). Riparian vegetation in the MDB floodplain suffered extensive decline providing a dramatic degradation of riparian vegetation. We quantified the spatial-temporal impact of rainfall, temperature and flooding patters on vegetation dynamics at the subcontinental to local scales and across inter to intra-annual time scales based on three decades of Landsat (25k images), Bureau of Meteorology data and one decade of MODIS data. Vegetation response varied in space and time and with vegetation types, densities and location relative to areas frequently flooded. Vegetation degradation trends were observed over riparian forests and woodlands in areas where flooding regimes have changed to less frequent and smaller inundation extents. Conversely, herbaceous vegetation phenology followed primarily a ‘boom’ and ‘bust’ cycle, related to inter-annual rainfall variability. Spatial patters of vegetation degradation changed along the N-S rainfall gradient but flooding regimes and vegetation degradation patterns also varied at finer scale, highlighting the importance of a spatially explicit, internally consistent analysis and setting the stage for investigating further cross-scale relationships. Results are of interest for land and water management decisions. The approach developed here can be applied to other areas globally such as the Nile river basin and Okavango River delta in Africa or the Mekong River Basin in Southeast Asia. DA - 2016/6/23/ PY - 2016/6/23/ DO - 10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b8-577-2016 VL - XLI-B8 SP - 577-578 J2 - Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci. LA - en OP - SN - 2194-9034 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b8-577-2016 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - SPATIOTEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF SURFACE WATER EXTENT FROM THREE DECADES OF SEASONALLY CONTINUOUS LANDSAT TIME SERIES AT SUBCONTINENTAL SCALE AU - Tulbure, M. G. AU - Broich, M. AU - Stehman, Stephen V. T2 - ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences AB - Abstract. Surface water is a critical resource in semi-arid areas. The Murray-Darling Basin (MDB) of Australia, one of the largest semi-arid basins in the world is aiming to set a worldwide example of how to balance multiple interests (i.e. environment, agriculture and urban use), but has suffered significant water shrinkages during the Millennium Drought (1999-2009), followed by extensive flooding. Baseline information and systematic quantification of surface water (SW) extent and flooding dynamics in space and time are needed for managing SW resources across the basin but are currently lacking. To synoptically quantify changes in SW extent and flooding dynamics over MDB, we used seasonally continuous Landsat TM and ETM+ data (1986 – 2011) and generic machine learning algorithms. We further mapped flooded forest at a riparian forest site that experienced severe tree dieback due to changes in flooding regime. We used a stratified sampling design to assess the accuracy of the SW product across time. Accuracy assessment yielded an overall classification accuracy of 99.94%, with producer’s and user’s accuracy of SW of 85.4% and 97.3%, respectively. Overall accuracy was the same for Landsat 5 and 7 data but user’s and producer’s accuracy of water were higher for Landsat 7 than 5 data and stable over time. Our validated results document a rapid loss in SW bodies. The number, size, and total area of SW showed high seasonal variability with highest numbers in winter and lowest numbers in summer. SW extent per season per year showed high interannual and seasonal variability, with low seasonal variability during the Millennium Drought. Examples of current uses of the new dataset will be presented and include (1) assessing ecosystem response to flooding with implications for environmental water releases, one of the largest investment in environment in Australia; (2) quantifying drivers of SW dynamics (e.g. climate, human activity); (3) quantifying changes in SW dynamics and connectivity for water dependent organisms; (4) assessing the impact of flooding on riparian vegetation health. The approach developed here is globally applicable, relevant to areas with competing water demands (e.g. Okavango River delta, Mekong River Basin). Future work should incorporate Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 data for continued quantification of SW dynamics. DA - 2016/6/23/ PY - 2016/6/23/ DO - 10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b8-403-2016 VL - XLI-B8 SP - 403-404 J2 - Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci. LA - en OP - SN - 2194-9034 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b8-403-2016 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Big data opportunities and challenges for assessing multiple stressors across scales in aquatic ecosystems AU - Dafforn, K. A. AU - Johnston, E. L. AU - Ferguson, A. AU - Humphrey, C.L. AU - Monk, W. AU - Nichols, S. J. AU - Simpson, S. L. AU - Tulbure, M. G. AU - Baird, D. J. T2 - Marine and Freshwater Research AB - Aquatic ecosystems are under threat from multiple stressors, which vary in distribution and intensity across temporal and spatial scales. Monitoring and assessment of these ecosystems have historically focussed on collection of physical and chemical information and increasingly include associated observations on biological condition. However, ecosystem assessment is often lacking because the scale and quality of biological observations frequently fail to match those available from physical and chemical measurements. The advent of high-performance computing, coupled with new earth observation platforms, has accelerated the adoption of molecular and remote sensing tools in ecosystem assessment. To assess how emerging science and tools can be applied to study multiple stressors on a large (ecosystem) scale and to facilitate greater integration of approaches among different scientific disciplines, a workshop was held on 10–12 September 2014 at the Sydney Institute of Marine Sciences, Australia. Here we introduce a conceptual framework for assessing multiple stressors across ecosystems using emerging sources of big data and critique a range of available big-data types that could support models for multiple stressors. We define big data as any set or series of data, which is either so large or complex, it becomes difficult to analyse using traditional data analysis methods. DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// DO - 10.1071/mf15108 VL - 67 IS - 4 SP - 393 J2 - Mar. Freshwater Res. LA - en OP - SN - 1323-1650 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf15108 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bottom-up delineation of individual trees from full-waveform airborne laser scans in a structurally complex eucalypt forest AU - Shendryk, Iurii AU - Broich, Mark AU - Tulbure, Mirela G. AU - Alexandrov, Sergey V. T2 - Remote Sensing of Environment AB - Full-waveform airborne laser scanning (ALS) is a powerful tool for characterizing and monitoring forest structure over large areas at the individual tree level. Most of the existing ALS-based algorithms for individual tree delineation from the point cloud are top-down, which are accurate for delineating cone-shaped conifers, but have lower delineation accuracies over more structurally complex broad-leaf forests. Therefore, in this study we developed a new bottom-up algorithm for detecting trunks and delineating individual trees with complex shapes, such as eucalypts. Experiments were conducted in the largest river red gum forest in the world, located in the south-east of Australia, that experienced severe dieback over the past six decades. For detection of individual tree trunks, we used a novel approach based on conditional Euclidean distance clustering that takes advantage of spacing between laser returns. Overall, the algorithm developed in our study was able to detect up to 67% of field-measured trees with diameter larger than or equal to 13 cm. By filtering ALS based on the intensity, return number and returned pulse width values, we were able to differentiate between woody and leaf tree components, thus improving the accuracy of tree trunk detections by 5% as compared to non-filtered ALS. The detected trunks were used to seed random walks on graph algorithm for tree crown delineation. The accuracy of tree crown delineation for different ALS point cloud densities was assessed in terms of tree height and crown width and resulted in up to 68% of field-measured trees being correctly delineated. The double increase in point density from ~ 12 points/m2 to ~ 24 points/m2 resulted in tree trunk detection increase of 11% (from 56% to 67%) and percentage of correctly delineated crowns increase of 13% (from 55% to 68%). Our results confirm an algorithm that can be used to accurately delineate individual trees with complex structures (e.g. eucalypts and other broadleaves) and highlight the importance of full-waveform ALS for individual tree delineation. DA - 2016/2// PY - 2016/2// DO - 10.1016/j.rse.2015.11.008 VL - 173 SP - 69-83 J2 - Remote Sensing of Environment LA - en OP - SN - 0034-4257 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2015.11.008 DB - Crossref KW - Airborne laser scanning KW - Trunk detection KW - Crown delineation KW - Euclidean distance clustering KW - Random walks segmentation KW - Australia KW - Floodplain KW - River red gum ER - TY - JOUR TI - Surface water extent dynamics from three decades of seasonally continuous Landsat time series at subcontinental scale in a semi-arid region AU - Tulbure, Mirela G. AU - Broich, Mark AU - Stehman, Stephen V. AU - Kommareddy, Anil T2 - Remote Sensing of Environment AB - Seasonally continuous long-term information on surface water and flooding extent over subcontinental scales is critical for quantifying spatiotemporal changes in surface water dynamics. We used seasonally continuous Landsat TM/ETM + data and generic random forest-based models to synoptically map the extent and dynamics of surface water and flooding (1986–2011) over the Murray–Darling Basin (MDB). The MDB is a large semi-arid basin with competing demands for water that has recently experienced one of the most severe droughts in the southeast of Australia. We used a stratified random probability sampling design with 500 sample pixels each observed across time to assess the accuracy of the surface water maps. We further developed models to map flooded forest at a riparian site that experienced severe tree dieback. Water indices and bands 5 and 6 were among the top 10 explanatory variables most important for mapping surface water. Surface water extent per season per year showed high inter-annual and seasonal variability, with low extent and variability during the Millennium Drought (1999–2009). Accuracy assessment yielded an overall classification accuracy of 99.9% (± 0.02% standard error) with 87% (± 3%) and 96% (± 2%) producer's and user's accuracy of water, respectively. User's and producer's accuracies of water were higher for Landsat 7 than Landsat 5 data. Both producer's and user's accuracies of water were lower in wet years compared to dry years. The approach presented here can be further developed for global application and is relevant to areas with competing water demands. Quantifying the uncertainty of the accuracy assessment and providing an unbiased accuracy estimate are imperative steps when remotely sensed products are intended to be used for follow on applications. DA - 2016/6// PY - 2016/6// DO - 10.1016/j.rse.2016.02.034 VL - 178 SP - 142-157 J2 - Remote Sensing of Environment LA - en OP - SN - 0034-4257 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2016.02.034 DB - Crossref KW - Landsat time series KW - Seasonally continuous KW - Surface water dynamics KW - Flooding dynamics KW - Accuracy assessment KW - Probability sampling design KW - Murray-Darling Basin KW - Australia KW - Competing water demands KW - Drought KW - Random forest KW - Long term trends KW - Water KW - River basin KW - Water management ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mapping individual tree health using full-waveform airborne laser scans and imaging spectroscopy: A case study for a floodplain eucalypt forest AU - Shendryk, Iurii AU - Broich, Mark AU - Tulbure, Mirela G. AU - McGrath, Andrew AU - Keith, David AU - Alexandrov, Sergey V. T2 - Remote Sensing of Environment AB - Declining forest health can affect crucial ecosystem functions, such as carbon storage in biomass and soils, the regulation of water regimes, the modulation of regional climate and conservation of biodiversity. Airborne laser scanning (ALS) and imaging spectroscopy (IS) are two potentially complementary remote sensing technologies capable of characterizing and monitoring regional forest health. However, the combined use of ALS and IS data to classify the health of individual trees has not yet been assessed. In this study we propose a new approach utilizing ALS and IS combined to characterize the health of individual trees. Firstly, we applied a recently developed bottom-up individual tree delineation algorithm across a structurally complex floodplain eucalypt forest that has experienced episodes of severe dieback over the past six decades. We further calculated ALS and IS indices for delineated tree crowns and used them as predictor variables in machine learning models. We trained and evaluated an object-oriented random forest classifier against field-measured tree crown dieback and transparency ratios, as indicators of eucalypt tree health and crown density, respectively. Our results showed that dieback levels of individual trees can be classified using ALS and IS with an overall accuracy of 81% and a kappa score of 0.66, while the classification of tree crown transparency levels had an overall accuracy of 70% and a kappa score of 0.5. Returned pulse width, intensity and density related ALS indices were the most important predictors in the tree health classification, as they accounted for > 40% of the variance in the data. At the forest level in terms of dieback, 81.5% of correctly delineated trees were classified as healthy, 12.3% as declining and 6.2% as dying or dead. Dieback occurred primarily in areas that were flooded < 5% of the time, as quantified by Landsat derived flooding frequency (1986–2011). Our results provide a novel application of ALS and IS to accurately classify the health of individual trees in a structurally complex eucalypt forest, enabling us to prioritize areas for forest health promotion and conservation of biodiversity. DA - 2016/12// PY - 2016/12// DO - 10.1016/j.rse.2016.10.014 VL - 187 SP - 202-217 J2 - Remote Sensing of Environment LA - en OP - SN - 0034-4257 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2016.10.014 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Drought resistance across California ecosystems: evaluating changes in carbon dynamics using satellite imagery AU - Malone, Sparkle L. AU - Tulbure, Mirela G. AU - Pérez-Luque, Antonio J. AU - Assal, Timothy J. AU - Bremer, Leah L. AU - Drucker, Debora P. AU - Hillis, Vicken AU - Varela, Sara AU - Goulden, Michael L. T2 - Ecosphere AB - Abstract Drought is a global issue that is exacerbated by climate change and increasing anthropogenic water demands. The recent occurrence of drought in California provides an important opportunity to examine drought response across ecosystem classes (forests, shrublands, grasslands, and wetlands), which is essential to understand how climate influences ecosystem structure and function. We quantified ecosystem resistance to drought by comparing changes in satellite‐derived estimates of water‐use efficiency ( WUE = net primary productivity [ NPP ]/evapotranspiration [ ET ]) under normal (i.e., baseline) and drought conditions (Δ WUE = WUE 2014 − baseline WUE ). With this method, areas with increasing WUE under drought conditions are considered more resilient than systems with declining WUE . Baseline WUE varied across California (0.08 to 3.85 g C/mm H 2 O) and WUE generally increased under severe drought conditions in 2014. Strong correlations between Δ WUE , precipitation, and leaf area index ( LAI ) indicate that ecosystems with a lower average LAI (i.e., grasslands) also had greater C‐uptake rates when water was limiting and higher rates of carbon‐uptake efficiency ( CUE = NPP / LAI ) under drought conditions. We also found that systems with a baseline WUE ≤ 0.4 exhibited a decline in WUE under drought conditions, suggesting that a baseline WUE ≤ 0.4 might be indicative of low drought resistance. Drought severity, precipitation, and WUE were identified as important drivers of shifts in ecosystem classes over the study period. These findings have important implications for understanding climate change effects on primary productivity and C sequestration across ecosystems and how this may influence ecosystem resistance in the future. DA - 2016/11// PY - 2016/11// DO - 10.1002/ecs2.1561 VL - 7 IS - 11 SP - e01561 J2 - Ecosphere LA - en OP - SN - 2150-8925 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1561 DB - Crossref KW - carbon-uptake efficiency KW - drought effects KW - ecosystem resistance KW - ecosystem type conversions KW - primary productivity KW - water-use efficiency ER - TY - JOUR TI - The influence of watershed characteristics on spatial patterns of trends in annual scale streamflow variability in the continental US AU - Rice, Joshua S. AU - Emanuel, Ryan E. AU - Vose, James M. T2 - Journal of Hydrology AB - As human activity and climate variability alter the movement of water through the environment the need to better understand hydrologic cycle responses to these changes has grown. A reasonable starting point for gaining such insight is studying changes in streamflow given the importance of streamflow as a source of renewable freshwater. Using a wavelet assisted method we analyzed trends in the magnitude of annual scale streamflow variability from 967 watersheds in the continental U.S. (CONUS) over a 70 year period (1940–2009). Decreased annual variability was the dominant pattern at the CONUS scale. Ecoregion scale results agreed with the CONUS pattern with the exception of two ecoregions closely divided between increases and decreases and one where increases dominated. A comparison of trends in reference and non-reference watersheds indicated that trend magnitudes in non-reference watersheds were significantly larger than those in reference watersheds. Boosted regression tree (BRT) models were used to study the relationship between watershed characteristics and the magnitude of trends in streamflow. At the CONUS scale, the balance between precipitation and evaporative demand, and measures of geographic location were of high relative importance. Relationships between the magnitude of trends and watershed characteristics at the ecoregion scale exhibited differences from the CONUS results and substantial variability was observed among ecoregions. Additionally, the methodology used here has the potential to serve as a robust framework for top-down, data driven analyses of the relationships between changes in the hydrologic cycle and the spatial context within which those changes occur. DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// DO - 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.07.006 VL - 540 SP - 850-860 UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000382269500066&KeyUID=WOS:000382269500066 KW - Streamflow KW - Trend analysis KW - Spatial analysis KW - Wavelet transform KW - Boosted regression trees ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hydrology of Wetland and Related Soils AU - Arndt, James L. AU - Emanuel, Ryan E. AU - Richardson, Jimmie L. AU - Vepraskas, MJ AU - Craft, CB T2 - Wetland Soils: Genesis, Hydrology, Landscapes, and Classification, 2nd Edition DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// SP - 39-104 UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000381642700004&KeyUID=WOS:000381642700004 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hydro-Climatological Influences on Long-Term Dissolved Organic Carbon in a Mountain Stream of the Southeastern United States AU - Singh, Nitin K. AU - Reyes, Wilmer M. AU - Bernhardt, Emily S. AU - Bhattacharya, Ruchi AU - Meyer, Judy L. AU - Knoepp, Jennifer D. AU - Emanuel, Ryan E. T2 - Journal of Environmental Quality AB - In the past decade, significant increases in surface water dissolved organic carbon (DOC) have been reported for large aquatic ecosystems of the Northern Hemisphere and have been attributed variously to global warming, altered hydrologic conditions, and atmospheric deposition, among other factors. We analyzed a 25-yr DOC record (1988-2012) available for a forested headwater stream in the United States and documented two distinct regimes of stream DOC trends. From 1988 to 2001, annual mean volume-weighted DOC concentration (DOC, mg L) and annual DOC flux (kg ha yr) declined by 34 and 56%, respectively. During 1997 to 2012, the decline in DOC and DOC flux increased by 141 and 165%, respectively. Declining DOC from 1988 to 2001 corresponded to a decline in growing season runoff, which has the potential to influence mobilization of DOC from uplands to streams. Increasing DOC from 1997 to 2012 corresponded to increased precipitation early in the growing season and to an increase in the number and intensity of short-duration fall storms capable of mobilizing long-accrued DOC from forest litter and soils. In contrast, total annual runoff declined throughout the period. Rising air temperature, atmospheric acid deposition, and nitrogen depositions did not offer any plausible explanation for the observed bidirectional annual trends of stream DOC. Our study highlights the critical role of long-term datasets and analyses for understanding the impacts of climate change on carbon and water cycles and associated functions of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// DO - 10.2134/jeq2015.10.0537 VL - 45 IS - 4 SP - 1286-1295 UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000378856400019&KeyUID=WOS:000378856400019 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Atmospheric Plume Modeling with a Three-Dimensional Refinement Adaptive Grid Method AU - Odman, M. Talat AU - Hu, Yongtao AU - Garcia-Menendez, Fernando T2 - Springer Proceedings in Complexity AB - We present a three-dimensional fully-adaptive grid algorithm for chemical transport models. The method is designed to refine vertical and horizontal resolution by dynamically concentrating grid nodes within a region of interest. Exceptionally high grid resolution can be achieved in Eulerian air quality models using the method. Here the algorithm’s main operations are described. In addition, advection tests are used to demonstrate the algorithm’s ability to better capture concentration gradients in atmospheric plumes. PY - 2016/// DO - 10.1007/978-3-319-24478-5_67 SP - 409-413 OP - PB - Springer International Publishing SN - 9783319244761 9783319244785 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24478-5_67 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - NTPDase and 5′-nucleotidase as inflammatory markers in cattle naturally infected by Eurytrema coelomaticum AU - Fávero, Juscivete F. AU - Schwertz, Claiton I. AU - Doleski, Pedro H. AU - Leal, Daniela B.R. AU - Machado, Gustavo AU - Manzoni, Alessandra G. AU - Silva, Ester S. AU - Gabriel, Mateus E. AU - Stedille, Fernanda A. AU - Christ, Ricardo AU - Stefani, Lenita M. AU - Mendes, Ricardo E. AU - Silva, Aleksandro S. T2 - Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases AB - The aim of this study was to evaluate seric NTPDase and 5′nucleotidase activities of cattle naturally infected by Eurytrema coelomanticum, as well as to correlate them to histopathological lesions in the pancreas and the degree of parasitism. Blood samples and pancreas of 51 bovines were collected on a slaughterhouse in Southern Brazil: 33 from cattle naturally infected by E. coelomanticum (the Group A), and 18 from uninfected animals (the Group B). Infected animals showed an average of 532 parasites per pancreas. In the pancreatic histology, ducts displayed hyperplasia, stenosis, proliferation of fibrous tissue, and interstitial inflammatory infiltration of lymphocytes. The serum from infected animals showed an increase in NTPDase activity when ATP was used as substrate (P < 0.001). For the ADP substrate, there was no difference between groups regarding NTPDase activity (P = 0.37), as well as 5′-nucleotidase activity (P = 0.27). Correlating NTPDase activity (ATP substrate) with the degree of histopathological lesions (rho = 0.66, P < 0.001) and the parasitic load on the pancreas (rho = 0.65, P < 0.001), a positive correlation was observed. Similar results were found between the degree of histopathological lesions and NTPDase activity (ADP substrate; rho = 0.29, P = 0.03), and 5′nucleotidase activity (rho = 0.35, P = 0.01). Based on the results of NTPDase and 5′nucleotidase enzymes in cattle naturally infected by E. coleomanticum, it is possible to suggest that these enzymes are involved in the modulation of inflammation, and they can act as markers of inflammatory response. DA - 2016/10// PY - 2016/10// DO - 10.1016/j.cimid.2016.07.005 VL - 48 SP - 48-53 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84984806899&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Eurytrematosis KW - Cattle KW - NTPDase KW - 5 ' nucleotidase KW - Pathology ER - TY - CONF TI - Tangible landscape: Cognitively grasping the flowofwater AU - Harmon, B.A. AU - Petrasova, A. AU - Petras, V. AU - Mitasova, H. AU - Meentemeyer, R.K. AB - Complex spatial forms like topography can be challenging to understand, much less intentionally shape, given the heavy cognitive load of visualizing and manipulating 3D form. Spatiotemporal processes like the flow of water over a landscape are even more challenging to understand and intentionally direct as they are dependent upon their context and require the simulation of forces like gravity and momentum. This cognitive work can be offloaded onto computers through 3D geospatial modeling, analysis, and simulation. Interacting with computers, however, can also be challenging, often requiring training and highly abstract thinking. Tangible computing – an emerging paradigm of human-computer interaction in which data is physically manifested so that users can feel it and directly manipulate it – aims to offload this added cognitive work onto the body. We have designed Tangible Landscape, a tangible interface powered by an open source geographic information system (GRASS GIS), so that users can naturally shape topography and interact with simulated processes with their hands in order to make observations, generate and test hypotheses, and make inferences about scientific phenomena in a rapid, iterative process. Conceptually Tangible Landscape couples a malleable physical model with a digital model of a landscape through a continuous cycle of 3D scanning, geospatial modeling, and projection. We ran a flow modeling experiment to test whether tangible interfaces like this can effectively enhance spatial performance by offloading cognitive processes onto computers and our bodies. We used hydrological simulations and statistics to quantitatively assess spatial performance. We found that Tangible Landscape enhanced 3D spatial performance and helped users understand water flow. C2 - 2016/// C3 - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences - ISPRS Archives DA - 2016/// DO - 10.5194/isprsarchives-XLI-B2-647-2016 VL - 41 SP - 647-653 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84981276026&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - embodied cognition KW - spatial thinking KW - physical processes KW - water flow KW - hydrology KW - tangible user interfaces KW - user experiment KW - 3D ER - TY - CONF TI - Processing UAV and LiDAR point clouds in grass GIS AU - Petras, V. AU - Petrasova, A. AU - Jeziorska, J. AU - Mitasova, H. AB - Today’s methods of acquiring Earth surface data, namely lidar and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery, non-selectively collect or generate large amounts of points. Point clouds from different sources vary in their properties such as number of returns, density, or quality. We present a set of tools with applications for different types of points clouds obtained by a lidar scanner, structure from motion technique (SfM), and a low-cost 3D scanner. To take advantage of the vertical structure of multiple return lidar point clouds, we demonstrate tools to process them using 3D raster techniques which allow, for example, the development of custom vegetation classification methods. Dense point clouds obtained from UAV imagery, often containing redundant points, can be decimated using various techniques before further processing. We implemented and compared several decimation techniques in regard to their performance and the final digital surface model (DSM). Finally, we will describe the processing of a point cloud from a low-cost 3D scanner, namely Microsoft Kinect, and its application for interaction with physical models. All the presented tools are open source and integrated in GRASS GIS, a multi-purpose open source GIS with remote sensing capabilities. The tools integrate with other open source projects, specifically Point Data Abstraction Library (PDAL), Point Cloud Library (PCL), and OpenKinect libfreenect2 library to benefit from the open source point cloud ecosystem. The implementation in GRASS GIS ensures long term maintenance and reproducibility by the scientific community but also by the original authors themselves. C2 - 2016/// C3 - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences - ISPRS Archives DA - 2016/// DO - 10.5194/isprsarchives-XLI-B7-945-2016 VL - 41 SP - 945-952 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84979529878&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - 3D rasters KW - decimation KW - sampling KW - binning KW - LAS KW - PDAL KW - PCL KW - Kinect ER - TY - CONF TI - Open source approachto urban growth simulation AU - Petrasova, A. AU - Petras, V. AU - Van Berkel, D. AU - Harmon, B.A. AU - Mitasova, H. AU - Meentemeyer, R.K. AB - Spatial patterns of land use change due to urbanization and its impact on the landscape are the subject of ongoing research. Urban growth scenario simulation is a powerful tool for exploring these impacts and empowering planners to make informed decisions. We present FUTURES (FUTure Urban – Regional Environment Simulation) – a patch-based, stochastic, multi-level land change modeling framework as a case showing how what was once a closed and inaccessible model benefited from integration with open source GIS.We will describe our motivation for releasing this project as open source and the advantages of integrating it with GRASS GIS, a free, libre and open source GIS and research platform for the geospatial domain. GRASS GIS provides efficient libraries for FUTURES model development as well as standard GIS tools and graphical user interface for model users. Releasing FUTURES as a GRASS GIS add-on simplifies the distribution of FUTURES across all main operating systems and ensures the maintainability of our project in the future. We will describe FUTURES integration into GRASS GIS and demonstrate its usage on a case study in Asheville, North Carolina. The developed dataset and tutorial for this case study enable researchers to experiment with the model, explore its potential or even modify the model for their applications. C2 - 2016/// C3 - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences - ISPRS Archives DA - 2016/// DO - 10.5194/isprsarchives-XLI-B7-953-2016 VL - 41 SP - 953-959 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84979582473&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - GRASS GIS KW - FUTURES KW - urbanization KW - land change KW - open science KW - simulation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Satellite‐based empirical models linking river plume dynamics with hypoxic area and volume AU - Le, Chengfeng AU - Lehrter, John C. AU - Hu, Chuanmin AU - Obenour, Daniel R. T2 - Geophysical Research Letters AB - Abstract Satellite‐based empirical models explaining hypoxic area and volume variation were developed for the seasonally hypoxic (O 2 < 2 mg L −1 ) northern Gulf of Mexico adjacent to the Mississippi River. Annual variations in midsummer hypoxic area and volume were related to Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer‐derived monthly estimates of river plume area (km 2 ) and average, inner shelf chlorophyll a concentration (Chl a , mg m −3 ). River plume area in June was negatively related with midsummer hypoxic area (km 2 ) and volume (km 3 ), while July inner shelf Chl a was positively related to hypoxic area and volume. Multiple regression models using river plume area and Chl a as independent variables accounted for most of the variability in hypoxic area ( R 2 = 0.92) or volume ( R 2 = 0.89). These models explain more variation in hypoxic area than models using Mississippi River nutrient loads as independent variables. The results here also support a hypothesis that confinement of the river plume to the inner shelf is an important mechanism controlling hypoxia area and volume in this region. DA - 2016/3/16/ PY - 2016/3/16/ DO - 10.1002/2015GL067521 VL - 43 IS - 6 SP - 2693-2699 J2 - Geophys. Res. Lett. LA - en OP - SN - 0094-8276 1944-8007 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015GL067521 DB - Crossref ER - TY - RPRT TI - EconWorks tools for assessing the wider economic benefits of transportation implementation assistance AU - Hurtado, D.C. AU - Yang, R. AU - Bardaka, Eleni AU - Gkritza, K. AU - Fricker, J. AB - The Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) is undertaking efforts to assess the potential economic development benefits associated with highway corridor improvements at the middle-stage planning level. The primary objective of this research is to demonstrate and document the use of the EconWorks W.E.B. (wider economic benefits) tools for assessing the wider economic benefits (reliability, accessibility, and intermodal connectivity) of transportation projects in the State of Indiana. A parallel analysis of selected projects using TREDIS was also conducted in order to compare the relative merit or synergies between the tools. DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// DO - 10.5703/1288284316553 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Quantile regression for epidemiological applications AU - Reich, B. J. T2 - Handbook of spatial epidemiology DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// SP - 239-249 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Flood forecasting a global perspective foreword AU - Vogel, R. M. AU - Arumugam, Sankarasubramanian T2 - Flood Forecasting: A Global Perspective DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// DO - 10.1016/b978-0-12-801884-2.10000-3 SP - XVII- ER - TY - JOUR TI - Updating State and Local Highway Cost Allocation and Revenue Attribution: A Case Study for Indiana AU - Agbelie, Bismark R. D. K. AU - Volovski, Matthew AU - Zhang, Zhibo AU - Bardaka, Eleni AU - Labi, Samuel AU - Sinha, Kumares C. T2 - TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD AB - This study investigated the responsibility for the cost of upkeep of the highway infrastructure and the contribution of revenue from highway users on that upkeep. The costs consisted of actual expenditures on the construction, preservation, maintenance, and operation of the infrastructure at both the state and the local levels. The revenues from the federal, state, and local levels were assessed and considered. The types of assets included were pavement, bridge, safety, and mobility assets. The highway users were represented by the 13 FHWA vehicle classes, and the study was based on data on the expenditures made and the revenues collected from 2009 to 2012. The study framework duly recognized the dichotomy between attributable and common costs: for allocation of the attributable costs to the vehicle classes, equivalent single-axle loads, AASHTO load equivalency factors, and passenger car equivalents were used, and for allocation of common costs, the number of vehicle miles traveled adjusted for vehicle width was used. Of the 13 vehicle classes, Vehicle Classes 1 to 4 (passenger vehicles) were found to be overpaying their cost responsibilities, whereas Vehicle Classes 5 to 13 (trucks) were found to be underpaying. In particular, Vehicle Class 2 (automobiles) was found to overpay its cost responsibility by 10%, whereas Vehicle Class 9 (five-axle trucks) was found to underpay by 19%. The product of this study facilitates assessment of the appropriateness of the types and rates of current taxes and fees and provides a data-based and objective platform for devising future funding mechanisms and establishing appropriate user rates to meet Indiana’s future financing needs. DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// DO - 10.3141/2597-01 VL - 2597 IS - 2597 SP - 1-10 SN - 2169-4052 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84976286711&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Statistical Assessment of the Cost Effectiveness of Highway Pavement Warranty Contracts AU - Bardaka, Eleni AU - Zhang, Zhibo AU - Labi, Samuel AU - Sinha, Kumares C. AU - Mannering, Fred T2 - JOURNAL OF INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEMS AB - The evaluation of warranty contracts is of great interest to highway agencies that seek innovative ways to manage their assets in the most cost-effective way. This paper demonstrates a statistical approach for evaluating the long-term performance and cost effectiveness of pavement warranties via comparison with similar traditional contracts. This is in contrast to past studies that used descriptive statistics and one-to-one comparisons to evaluate the performance of these two contracting approaches. In this study, random-parameter regression models that account for unobserved heterogeneity were developed to evaluate the performance of warranty and traditional contracts for similar projects on the basis of resulting pavement service life. The projects studied involved structural hot-mix asphalt overlay of crack-and-seat rigid pavements. The warranty projects in the study data sample were found to be 10% more effective in terms of average service life compared with traditional contract projects. Additionally, routine maintenance expenditures after the warranty period were up to 194% higher for traditional contract projects. These results suggest that warranty contracts have higher initial and rest-of-life quality. However, in terms of cost effectiveness (herein defined as the ratio of condition or longevity to lifecycle cost), the results suggest that the traditional contracts in the sample were 6–15% more cost-effective, on average, compared with their warranty counterparts, which could be attributed to warranty contracts’ higher costs. DA - 2016/9// PY - 2016/9// DO - 10.1061/(asce)is.1943-555x.0000299 VL - 22 IS - 3 SP - SN - 1943-555X UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84982256765&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Warranty KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Service life ER - TY - RPRT TI - Seeing the future impacts of climate change and forest management: a landscape visualization system for forest managers AU - Gustafson, E.G. AU - M.S. Lucash, J. Liem AU - H. Jenny, R.M. Scheller AU - K. Barrett, AU - Sturtevant, B.R. DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// VL - NRS-164 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Measuring and managing resistance and resilience under climate change in northern Great Lake forests (USA) AU - Duveneck, Matthew J. AU - Scheller, Robert M. T2 - LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY DA - 2016/3// PY - 2016/3// DO - 10.1007/s10980-015-0273-6 VL - 31 IS - 3 SP - 669-686 SN - 1572-9761 KW - Alternative forest management KW - Climate change KW - LANDIS-II KW - Michigan (USA) KW - Minnesota (USA) KW - Resistance KW - Resilience ER - TY - JOUR TI - How Landscape Ecology Informs Global Land-Change Science and Policy AU - Mayer, Audrey L. AU - Buma, Brian AU - Davis, Amelie AU - Gagne, Sara A. AU - Loudermilk, E. Louise AU - Scheller, Robert M. AU - Schmiegelow, Fiona K. A. AU - Wiersma, Yolanda F. AU - Franklin, Janet T2 - BIOSCIENCE AB - Landscape ecology is a discipline that explicitly considers the influence of time and space on the environmental patterns we observe and the processes that create them. Although many of the topics studied in landscape ecology have public policy implications, three are of particular concern: climate change; land use–land cover change (LULCC); and a particular type of LULCC, urbanization. These processes are interrelated, because LULCC is driven by both human activities (e.g., agricultural expansion and urban sprawl) and climate change (e.g., desertification). Climate change, in turn, will affect the way humans use landscapes. Interactions among these drivers of ecosystem change can have destabilizing and accelerating feedback, with consequences for human societies from local to global scales. These challenges require landscape ecologists to engage policymakers and practitioners in seeking long-term solutions, informed by an understanding of opportunities to mitigate the impacts of anthropogenic drivers on ecosystems and adapt to new ecological realities. DA - 2016/6// PY - 2016/6// DO - 10.1093/biosci/biw035 VL - 66 IS - 6 SP - 458-469 SN - 1525-3244 KW - climate change KW - land use KW - landscape ecology KW - policy KW - urbanization ER - TY - JOUR TI - Carbon sequestration in managed temperate coniferous forests under climate change AU - Dymond, Caren C. AU - Beukema, Sarah AU - Nitschke, Craig R. AU - Coates, K. David AU - Scheller, Robert M. T2 - BIOGEOSCIENCES AB - Abstract. Management of temperate forests has the potential to increase carbon sinks and mitigate climate change. However, those opportunities may be confounded by negative climate change impacts. We therefore need a better understanding of climate change alterations to temperate forest carbon dynamics before developing mitigation strategies. The purpose of this project was to investigate the interactions of species composition, fire, management, and climate change in the Copper–Pine Creek valley, a temperate coniferous forest with a wide range of growing conditions. To do so, we used the LANDIS-II modelling framework including the new Forest Carbon Succession extension to simulate forest ecosystems under four different productivity scenarios, with and without climate change effects, until 2050. Significantly, the new extension allowed us to calculate the net sector productivity, a carbon accounting metric that integrates aboveground and belowground carbon dynamics, disturbances, and the eventual fate of forest products. The model output was validated against literature values. The results implied that the species optimum growing conditions relative to current and future conditions strongly influenced future carbon dynamics. Warmer growing conditions led to increased carbon sinks and storage in the colder and wetter ecoregions but not necessarily in the others. Climate change impacts varied among species and site conditions, and this indicates that both of these components need to be taken into account when considering climate change mitigation activities and adaptive management. The introduction of a new carbon indicator, net sector productivity, promises to be useful in assessing management effectiveness and mitigation activities. DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// DO - 10.5194/bg-13-1933-2016 VL - 13 IS - 6 SP - 1933-1947 SN - 1726-4189 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bioenergy harvest, climate change, and forest carbon in the Oregon Coast Range AU - Creutzburg, Megan K. AU - Scheller, Robert M. AU - Lucash, Melissa S. AU - Evers, Louisa B. AU - Leduc, Stephen D. AU - Johnson, Mark G. T2 - GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY BIOENERGY AB - Abstract Forests provide important ecological, economic, and social services, and recent interest has emerged in the potential for using residue from timber harvest as a source of renewable woody bioenergy. The long‐term consequences of such intensive harvest are unclear, particularly as forests face novel climatic conditions over the next century. We used a simulation model to project the long‐term effects of management and climate change on above‐ and belowground forest carbon storage in a watershed in northwestern Oregon. The multi‐ownership watershed has a diverse range of current management practices, including little‐to‐no harvesting on federal lands, short‐rotation clear‐cutting on industrial land, and a mix of practices on private nonindustrial land. We simulated multiple management scenarios, varying the rate and intensity of harvest, combined with projections of climate change. Our simulations project a wide range of total ecosystem carbon storage with varying harvest rate, ranging from a 45% increase to a 16% decrease in carbon compared to current levels. Increasing the intensity of harvest for bioenergy caused a 2–3% decrease in ecosystem carbon relative to conventional harvest practices. Soil carbon was relatively insensitive to harvest rotation and intensity, and accumulated slowly regardless of harvest regime. Climate change reduced carbon accumulation in soil and detrital pools due to increasing heterotrophic respiration, and had small but variable effects on aboveground live carbon and total ecosystem carbon. Overall, we conclude that current levels of ecosystem carbon storage are maintained in part due to substantial portions of the landscape (federal and some private lands) remaining unharvested or lightly managed. Increasing the intensity of harvest for bioenergy on currently harvested land, however, led to a relatively small reduction in the ability of forests to store carbon. Climate change is unlikely to substantially alter carbon storage in these forests, absent shifts in disturbance regimes. DA - 2016/3// PY - 2016/3// DO - 10.1111/gcbb.12255 VL - 8 IS - 2 SP - 357-370 SN - 1757-1707 KW - bioenergy KW - biomass energy KW - carbon KW - climate change KW - forest KW - LANDIS-II KW - landscape modeling KW - Oregon Coast Range KW - simulation modeling ER - TY - CONF TI - Assessing the socioeconomic effects of transit rail development: An exploration of displacement and gentrification AU - Bardaka, E. AU - Pyrialakou, D. AU - Gkritza, K. C2 - 2016/// C3 - 95th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board DA - 2016/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Immersive Tangible Geospatial Modeling AU - Tabrizian, Payam AU - Petrasova, Anna AU - Harmon, Brendan AU - Petras, Vaclav AU - Mitasova, Helena AU - Meentemeyer, Ross T2 - 24TH ACM SIGSPATIAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS (ACM SIGSPATIAL GIS 2016) AB - Tangible Landscape is a tangible interface for geographic information systems (GIS). It interactively couples physical and digital models of a landscape so that users can intuitively explore, model, and analyze geospatial data in a collaborative environment. Conceptually Tangible Landscape lets users hold a GIS in their hands so that they can feel the shape of the topography, naturally sculpt new landforms, and interact with simulations like water flow. Since it only affords a bird's-eye view of the landscape, we coupled it with an immersive virtual environment so that users can virtually walk around the modeled landscape and visualize it at a human-scale. Now as users shape topography, draw trees, define viewpoints, or route a walkthrough, they can see the results on the projection-augmented model, rendered on a display, or rendered on a head-mounted display. In this paper we present the Tangible Landscape Immersive Extension, describe its physical setup and software architecture, and demonstrate its features with a case study. DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// DO - 10.1145/2996913.2996950 SP - UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85011015621&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - immersive virtual environments KW - augmented reality KW - tangible user interfaces KW - tangible interaction KW - landscape modeling KW - head mounted display KW - Oculus Rift ER - TY - JOUR TI - Climate and bark beetle effects on forest productivity - linking dendroecology with forest landscape modeling AU - Kretchun, Alec M. AU - Loudermilk, E. Louise AU - Scheller, Robert M. AU - Hurteau, Matthew D. AU - Belmecheri, Soumaya T2 - CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH AB - In forested systems throughout the world, climate influences tree growth and aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP). The effects of extreme climate events (i.e., drought) on ANPP can be compounded by biotic factors (e.g., insect outbreaks). Understanding the contribution of each of these influences on growth requires information at multiple spatial scales and is essential for understanding regional forest response to changing climate. The mixed conifer forests of the Lake Tahoe Basin, California and Nevada, provide an opportunity to analyze biotic and abiotic influences on ANPP. Our objective was to evaluate the influence of moisture stress (climatic water deficit, CWD) and bark beetles on basin-wide ANPP from 1987 to 2006, estimated through tree core increments and a landscape simulation model (LANDIS-II). Tree ring data revealed that ANPP increased throughout this period and had a nonlinear relationship to water demand. Simulation model results showed that despite increased complexity, simulations that include moderate moisture sensitivity and bark beetle outbreaks most closely approximated the field-derived ANPP∼CWD relationship. Although bark beetle outbreaks and episodic drought-induced mortality events are often correlated, decoupling them within a simulation model offers insight into assessing model performance, as well as examining how each contributes to total declines in productivity. DA - 2016/8// PY - 2016/8// DO - 10.1139/cjfr-2016-0103 VL - 46 IS - 8 SP - 1026-1034 SN - 1208-6037 KW - ANPP KW - net ecosystem production KW - increment cores KW - forest simulation model KW - LANDIS-II ER - TY - CONF TI - Scalable nearest neighbor based hierarchical change detection framework for crop monitoring AU - Chen, Z. X. AU - Vatsavai, Ranga Raju AU - Ramachandra, B. AU - Zhang, Q. AU - Singh, N. AU - Sukumar, S. AB - Monitoring biomass over large geographic regions for changes in vegetation and cropping patterns is important for many applications. Changes in vegetation happen due to reasons ranging from climate change and damages to new government policies and regulations. Remote sensing imagery (multi-spectral and multi-temporal) is widely used in change pattern mapping studies. Existing bi-temporal change detection techniques are better suited for multi-spectral images and time series based techniques are more suited for analyzing multi-temporal images. A key contribution of this work is to define change as hierarchical rather than boolean. Based on this definition of change pattern, we developed a novel time series similarity based change detection framework for identifying inter-annual changes by exploiting phenological properties of growing crops from satellite time series imagery. The proposed framework consists of three components: hierarchical clustering tree construction, nearest neighbor based classification, and change detection using similarity hierarchy. Though the proposed approach is unsupervised, we present evaluation using manually induced change regions embedded in the real dataset. We compare our method with the widely used K-Means clustering and evaluation shows that K-Means over-detects changes in comparison to our proposed method. C2 - 2016/// C3 - 2016 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data) DA - 2016/// DO - 10.1109/bigdata.2016.7840735 SP - 1309–1314 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Applications of forest hydrological science to watershed management in the 21st century AU - Vose, J. M. AU - Martin, Katherine AU - Barten, P. K. T2 - Forest Hydrology: Processes, Management and Assessment AB - This chapter examines the role of forest hydrological science in the development and application of watershed management in the 21st century. It provides a brief synthesis of anticipated biophysical and socioeconomic changes expected to occur over the coming decades and discuss critical watershed science needs and management responses to maintain watershed ecosystem services in the coming decades. The chapter builds on several recent discussions on the role of ecohydrology in addressing water resource challenges now and in the future. The examples focus on forest watersheds in the southern US forests, as the complex mixture of public and private forest land ownership creates substantial challenges for watershed management at larger spatial scales. Despite the focus on the southern USA, the general principles are applicable to forest watersheds across the globe. DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// DO - 10.1079/9781780646602.0240 SP - 240–253 ER - TY - CONF TI - Coupling agent-based and groundwater modeling to explore demand management strategies for shared resources AU - Al-Amin, S. AU - Berglund, E. Z. AU - Mahinthakumar, K. AB - Municipal water demands in growing population centers in the arid southwest U.S. are typically met through increased groundwater withdrawals. Hydro-climatic uncertainties attributed to climate change and land use conversions may also alter demands and impact the replenishment of groundwater supply. Groundwater aquifers are not necessarily confined within municipal and management boundaries, and multiple diverse agencies may manage a shared resource in a decentralized approach, based on individual concerns and resources. The interactions among water managers, consumers, and the environment influence the performance of local management strategies and regional groundwater resources. This research couples an agent-based modeling (ABM) framework and a groundwater model to analyze the effects of different management approaches on shared groundwater resources. The ABM captures the dynamic interactions between household-level consumers and policy makers to simulate water demands under climate change and population growth uncertainties. The groundwater model is used to analyze the relative effects of management approaches on reducing demands and replenishing groundwater resources. The framework is applied for municipalities located in the Verde River Basin, Arizona that withdraw groundwater from the Verde Formation-Basin Fill-Carbonate aquifer system. Insights gained through this simulation study can be used to guide groundwater policy-making under changing hydro-climatic scenarios for a long-term planning horizon. C2 - 2016/// C3 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2016: Watershed Management, Irrigation and Drainage, and Water Resources Planning and Management DA - 2016/// DO - 10.1061/9780784479858.016 SP - 141-150 ER - TY - CONF TI - Tangible landscape: cognitively grasping the flow of water AU - Harmon, B. A. AU - Petrasova, A. AU - Petras, Vaclav AU - Mitasova, Helena AU - Meentemeyer, K. AB - Abstract. Complex spatial forms like topography can be challenging to understand, much less intentionally shape, given the heavy cognitive load of visualizing and manipulating 3D form. Spatiotemporal processes like the flow of water over a landscape are even more challenging to understand and intentionally direct as they are dependent upon their context and require the simulation of forces like gravity and momentum. This cognitive work can be offloaded onto computers through 3D geospatial modeling, analysis, and simulation. Interacting with computers, however, can also be challenging, often requiring training and highly abstract thinking. Tangible computing – an emerging paradigm of human-computer interaction in which data is physically manifested so that users can feel it and directly manipulate it – aims to offload this added cognitive work onto the body. We have designed Tangible Landscape, a tangible interface powered by an open source geographic information system (GRASS GIS), so that users can naturally shape topography and interact with simulated processes with their hands in order to make observations, generate and test hypotheses, and make inferences about scientific phenomena in a rapid, iterative process. Conceptually Tangible Landscape couples a malleable physical model with a digital model of a landscape through a continuous cycle of 3D scanning, geospatial modeling, and projection. We ran a flow modeling experiment to test whether tangible interfaces like this can effectively enhance spatial performance by offloading cognitive processes onto computers and our bodies. We used hydrological simulations and statistics to quantitatively assess spatial performance. We found that Tangible Landscape enhanced 3D spatial performance and helped users understand water flow. C2 - 2016/// C3 - International archives of the photogrammetry remote sensing and spatial DA - 2016/// DO - 10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b2-647-2016 VL - 41 SP - 647–653 M1 - B2 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Role of multimodel combination and data assimilation in improving streamflow prediction over multiple time scales AU - Li, Weihua AU - Sankarasubramanian, A. AU - Ranjithan, R. S. AU - Sinha, Tushar T2 - Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment DA - 2016/9/24/ PY - 2016/9/24/ DO - 10.1007/s00477-015-1158-6 VL - 30 IS - 8 SP - 2255–2269 SN - 1436-3240 1436-3259 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00477-015-1158-6 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Quantifying an aquifer nitrate budget and future nitrate discharge using field data from streambeds and well nests AU - Gilmore, Troy E. AU - Genereux, David P. AU - Solomon, D. Kip AU - Farrell, Kathleen M. AU - Mitasova, Helena T2 - WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH AB - Abstract Novel groundwater sampling (age, flux, and nitrate) carried out beneath a streambed and in wells was used to estimate (1) the current rate of change of nitrate storage, / dt , in a contaminated unconfined aquifer, and (2) future [ ] FWM (the flow‐weighted mean nitrate concentration in groundwater discharge) and (the nitrate flux from aquifer to stream). Estimates of / dt suggested that at the time of sampling (2013) the nitrate storage in the aquifer was decreasing at an annual rate (mean = −9 mmol/m 2 yr) equal to about one‐tenth the rate of nitrate input by recharge. This is consistent with data showing a slow decrease in the [ ] of groundwater recharge in recent years. Regarding future [ ] FWM and , predictions based on well data show an immediate decrease that becomes more rapid after ∼5 years before leveling out in the early 2040s. Predictions based on streambed data generally show an increase in future [ ] FWM and until the late 2020s, followed by a decrease before leveling out in the 2040s. Differences show the potential value of using information directly from the groundwater—surface water interface to quantify the future impact of groundwater nitrate on surface water quality. The choice of denitrification kinetics was similarly important; compared to zero‐order kinetics, a first‐order rate law levels out estimates of future [ ] FWM and (lower peak, higher minimum) as legacy nitrate is flushed from the aquifer. Major fundamental questions about nonpoint‐source aquifer contamination can be answered without a complex numerical model or long‐term monitoring program. DA - 2016/11// PY - 2016/11// DO - 10.1002/2016wr018976 VL - 52 IS - 11 SP - 9046-9065 SN - 1944-7973 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85005896258&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Probabilistically assessing the role of nutrient loading in harmful algal bloom formation in western Lake Erie AU - Bertani, Isabella AU - Obenour, Daniel R. AU - Steger, Cara E. AU - Stow, Craig A. AU - Gronewold, Andrew D. AU - Scavia, Donald T2 - JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH AB - Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have increased in frequency and magnitude in western Lake Erie and spring phosphorus (P) load was shown to be a key driver of bloom intensity. A recently developed Bayesian hierarchical model that predicts peak bloom size as a function of Maumee River phosphorus load suggested an apparent increased susceptibility of the lake to HABs. We applied that model to develop load–response curves to inform revision of Lake Erie phosphorus load targets under the 2012 Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement. In this application, the model was modified to estimate the fraction of the particulate P (PP) load that becomes bioavailable, and it was recalibrated with additional bloom observations. Although the uncertainty surrounding the estimate of the bioavailable PP fraction is large, inclusion in the model improves prediction of bloom variability compared to dissolved reactive P (DRP) alone. The ability to characterize model and measurement uncertainty through hierarchical modeling allowed us to show that inconsistencies in bloom measurement represent a considerable portion of the overall uncertainty associated with load–response curves. The updated calibration also lends support to the system's apparent enhanced susceptibility to blooms. The temporal trend estimated by the model results in an upward shift of the load–response curve over time such that a larger load reduction is required to achieve a target bloom size today compared to earlier years. More research is needed to further test the hypothesis of a shift in the lake's response to stressors over time and, if confirmed, to explore underlying mechanisms. DA - 2016/12// PY - 2016/12// DO - 10.1016/j.jglr.2016.04.002 VL - 42 IS - 6 SP - 1184-1192 SN - 0380-1330 KW - Cyanobacteria blooms KW - Phosphorus load KW - Bayesian hierarchical model ER - TY - JOUR TI - Parental perception of built environment characteristics and built environment use among Latino families: a cross-sectional study AU - Heerman, William J. AU - Mitchell, Stephanie J. AU - Thompson, Jessica AU - Martin, Nina C. AU - Sommer, Evan C. AU - Bakergem, Margaret AU - Taylor, Julie Lounds AU - Buchowski, Maciej S. AU - Barkin, Shari L. T2 - BMC PUBLIC HEALTH AB - Perception of undesirable features may inhibit built environment use for physical activity among underserved families with children at risk for obesity.To examine the association of perceived availability, condition, and safety of the built environment with its self-reported use for physical activity, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis on baseline data from a randomized controlled trial. Adjusted Poisson regression was used to test the association between the primary independent variables (perceived availability, physical condition, and safety) with the primary outcome of self-reported use of built environment structures.Among 610 parents (90% Latino) of preschool-age children, 158 (26%) reported that there were no available built environment structures for physical activity in the neighborhood. The use of built environment structures was associated with the perceived number of available structures (B = 0.34, 95% CI 0.31, 0.37, p < 0.001) and their perceived condition (B = 0.19, 95% CI 0.12, 0.27, p = 0.001), but not with perceived safety (B = 0.00, 95% CI -0.01, 0.01, p = 0.7).In this sample of underserved families, perceived availability and condition of built environment structures were associated with use rather than perceived safety. To encourage physical activity among underserved families, communities need to invest in the condition and availability of built environment structures.Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT01316653 ) on March 11, 2011. DA - 2016/11/22/ PY - 2016/11/22/ DO - 10.1186/s12889-016-3854-7 VL - 16 SP - SN - 1471-2458 KW - Obesity KW - Physical activity KW - Built environment ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fort Fisher, NC Past and Present: A Geospatial Analysis using LiDAR and GIS AU - Starek, Michael J. AU - Harmon, Russell S. AU - Mitasova, Helena T2 - MILITARY GEOSCIENCES AND DESERT WARFARE: PAST LESSONS AND MODERN CHALLENGES AB - Fort Fisher was constructed in 1861–1863 by the Confederacy at the mouth of the Cape Fear River in North Carolina to protect the vital trading routes of the seaport at Wilmington. The largest Confederate fort, Ft. Fisher was constructed as an L-shaped fortification consisting of 30 ft (9 m) thick earthen mounds capable of absorbing the shock of a heavy bombardment. In its prime, this fortification consisted of an approximately 1800 ft (550 m) long land face and a mile-long (1.6 km) sea face bounded by two larger 45 ft (14 m) and 60 ft (18 m) high mounds on the southern end. Today, Ft. Fisher is a mere remnant of its former self, with only about one-tenth of the original structure remaining. The region where the fort was constructed is a highly dynamic section of coastline that has undergone extensive shoreline retreat over the past century, resulting in the loss of the majority of the original fortification. Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) survey data and historical maps were used to generate past and present 3-D digital elevation models (DEMs) for both the terrain and fort. The historical shorelines, aerial imagery, bathymetric data and fort models were then integrated and compared within a geographic information system (GIS) to analyze and to model the evolution of the coastline from past to present. Results provide insight into the geographic advantages behind Ft. Fisher’s original layout for defense of the inlet compared to the present day geomorphology of the region. DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// DO - 10.1007/978-1-4939-3429-4_7 SP - 95-103 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85064763153&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - LiDAR KW - Coastal erosion KW - Civil war KW - Spatial modeling ER - TY - JOUR TI - DATA MINING TO INVESTIGATE THE METEOROLOGICAL DRIVERS FOR EXTREME GROUND LEVEL OZONE EVENTS AU - Russell, Brook T. AU - Cooley, Daniel S. AU - Porter, William C. AU - Reich, Brian J. AU - Heald, Colette L. T2 - ANNALS OF APPLIED STATISTICS AB - This project aims to explore which combinations of meteorological conditions are associated with extreme ground level ozone conditions. Our approach focuses only on the tail by optimizing the tail dependence between the ozone response and functions of meteorological covariates. Since there is a long list of possible meteorological covariates, the space of possible models cannot be explored completely. Consequently, we perform data mining within the model selection context, employing an automated model search procedure. Our study is unique among extremes applications, as optimizing tail dependence has not previously been attempted, and it presents new challenges, such as requiring a smooth threshold. We present a simulation study which shows that the method can detect complicated conditions leading to extreme responses and resists overfitting. We apply the method to ozone data for Atlanta and Charlotte and find similar meteorological drivers for these two Southeastern US cities. We identify several covariates which help to differentiate the meteorological conditions which lead to extreme ozone levels from those which lead to merely high levels. DA - 2016/9// PY - 2016/9// DO - 10.1214/16-aoas954 VL - 10 IS - 3 SP - 1673-1698 SN - 1932-6157 KW - Tail dependence KW - multivariate regular variation KW - constrained optimization KW - cross-validation KW - smooth threshold ER - TY - JOUR TI - Community Theories of Change: Linking Environmental Justice to Sustainability through Stakeholder Perceptions in Milwaukee (WI, USA) AU - Hornik, Kaitlyn AU - Cutts, Bethany AU - Greenlee, Andrew T2 - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health AB - Environmental justice and sustainability are compatible lenses, yet action toward equity is often missing from urban sustainability initiatives. This study aims to assess the cohesion of these frameworks in practice. To do this, we parse individuals’ theories of change, or how they identify and propose to resolve environmental injustices in the pursuit of sustainability. We posit that these theories of change are comprised of three main components: (1) perceived environmental benefits and burdens; (2) the causal pathways of environmental and social injustice; and (3) visions for positive change. Drawing from 35 stakeholder interviews in Milwaukee (WI, USA) we examine individual and institutional perspectives on environmental and social change and their links to the production of injustice. Our findings reveal that participants do not distinguish between environmental and social injustices. Instead, both social and environmental factors are implicated in injustice. Furthermore, we identify two mental maps for how social and economic change reproduce injustice. These findings suggest the need to reorient how urban injustice is considered and make efforts to acknowledge how a diversity of operational theories of change could either be divisive or could bring environmental justice and sustainability initiatives together. DA - 2016/9/30/ PY - 2016/9/30/ DO - 10.3390/ijerph13100979 VL - 13 IS - 10 SP - 979 J2 - IJERPH LA - en OP - SN - 1660-4601 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13100979 DB - Crossref KW - production of injustice KW - socioecological interactions KW - perceptions KW - interviews ER - TY - JOUR TI - A spatial-temporal double-hurdle model for extremely over-dispersed avian count data AU - Balderama, Earvin AU - Gardner, Beth AU - Reich, Brian J. T2 - SPATIAL STATISTICS AB - Several wind energy facilities are currently being planned for offshore Atlantic waters of the United States. However, relatively little is known about the distribution, abundance and spatio-temporal variability of marine birds in their offshore habitats and it is becoming increasingly necessary to accurately characterize these demographic parameters before assessing the influence of factors such as offshore energy development on populations. Thus, we incorporate a multi-scale approach to develop models for the space-time distribution and abundance of marine birds to identify potential high-use areas in need of further study. With data taken from past and ongoing survey efforts, we provide relative abundance and density estimates for marine birds over a wide geographical area during multiple years. Due to the excessive amount of zeros as well as extremely large counts exhibited in the data, a double-hurdle model is formulated that includes a negative binomial and a generalized Pareto distribution mixture. Spatial heterogeneity is modeled using a conditional auto-regressive (CAR) prior, and a Fourier basis was used for seasonal variation. We demonstrate our model by creating probability maps that show areas of high-abundance and aggregation for twenty-four species of marine bird. DA - 2016/11// PY - 2016/11// DO - 10.1016/j.spasta.2016.05.001 VL - 18 SP - 263-275 SN - 2211-6753 KW - Bayesian hierarchical modeling KW - Conditional autoregressive models KW - Extreme values KW - Generalized Pareto distribution KW - Seabirds KW - Zero-inflation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Seismic constraints on caldera dynamics from the 2015 Axial Seamount eruption AU - Wilcock, William S. D. AU - Tolstoy, Maya AU - Waldhauser, Felix AU - Garcia, Charles AU - Tan, Yen Joe AU - Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne R. AU - Caplan-Auerbach, Jacqueline AU - Dziak, Robert P. AU - Arnulf, Adrien F. AU - Mann, M. Everett T2 - SCIENCE AB - Volcano monitoring goes into the deep Axial Seamount is a large and active submarine volcano along the Juan de Fuca midocean ridge off the coast of the western United States. Eruptions in 1998 and 2011 were followed by periods of magma recharge, making it an ideal location to include in the Ocean Observatories Initiative Cabled Array. Wilcock et al. present real-time seismic data from the most recent eruption in April 2015 that allow the tracking of magma before and during eruption. Nooner and Chadwick show that eruptions are predictable on the basis of deformation data. As magma pools underneath it, Axial Seamount inflates and erupts when the inflation hits a threshold. Both studies elucidate the dynamics of submarine volcanoes, which vastly outnumber their aboveground counterparts. Science , this issue p. 1395 , p. 1399 DA - 2016/12/16/ PY - 2016/12/16/ DO - 10.1126/science.aah5563 VL - 354 IS - 6318 SP - 1395-1399 SN - 1095-9203 ER - TY - CONF TI - Non-point source evaluation of groundwater contamination from agriculture under geologic and hydrologic uncertainty AU - Ayub, R. AU - Obenour, D. R. AU - Messier, K. P. AU - Serre, M. L. AU - Mahinthakumar, K. AB - The long-term effect of non-point source pollution on groundwater from agricultural practices is a major concern globally. Non-point source pollutants such as nitrate that occur through fertilizers and animal waste eventually make their way into the aquifer by infiltrating soil. The goal of this study is to characterize the probability distributions of non-point source locations and time release history of nitrate contamination into groundwater resources. A Bayesian framework using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach (MCMC) is developed to estimate posterior distributions of non-point sources by incorporating groundwater nitrate concentration data as well as geologic and hydrologic uncertainties. Hypothetical scenarios are used to test the approach and then apply it to a basin in North Carolina.The likelihood function computation involves a mechanistic model that simulates nitrate transport in groundwater from non-point agricultural sources and predicts nitrate concentrations at observation wells. Effectiveness of the proposed approach is tested through a convergence analysis of the MCMC algorithm. The Bayesian inference analysis methodology developed in this research will help decision makers and water managers identify potential source containment areas and to decide if further sampling is required. C2 - 2016/// C3 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2016: Environmental, Sustainability, Groundwater, Hydraulic Fracturing, and Water Distribution Systems analysis DA - 2016/// DO - 10.1061/9780784479865.035 SP - 329-336 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Neighborhood-based differences in walkability, physical activity, and weight status in India AU - Adlakha, Deepti AU - Hipp, J. Aaron AU - Brownson, Ross C. T2 - Journal of Transport & Health AB - Data on built environment (BE) and physical activity (PA) in low- and middle- income countries is sparse. This study compared BE features, PA levels, and weight status among adults living in neighborhoods stratified by walkability and socio-economic status (SES) in the city of Chennai, India. This cross sectional study design surveyed 370 adults (≥18 years) from four neighborhoods with differing walkability and socio-economic status. Participants were asked to complete a survey on their neighborhood environment, leisure and travel PA, height, weight, and demographic characteristics. One-way analysis of variance tests were used to examine differences across neighborhoods. Residents of high-walkability/high-SES neighborhoods reported higher land use mix diversity, land use mix access, street connectivity, aesthetics, and safety from crime. Residential density and walking/bicycling infrastructure were highest in the high-walkability/low-SES neighborhood. Transport PA was the maximum contributor to total PA in low-SES neighborhoods, while residents of high-SES neighborhoods reported greater levels of leisure-time PA. Sitting time and BMI were greater among high-SES participants. Patterns of PA, sedentary time, and weight status varied significantly by neighborhood walkability and SES. An understanding of BE correlates of domain-specific PA can support the development of contextually tailored interventions to promote physical activity and reverse the determinants of inactivity occurring through patterns of urbanization and sedentary behaviors in India. DA - 2016/12// PY - 2016/12// DO - 10.1016/j.jth.2016.10.008 VL - 3 IS - 4 SP - 485-499 J2 - Journal of Transport & Health LA - en OP - SN - 2214-1405 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2016.10.008 DB - Crossref KW - India KW - Walkability KW - Physical activity KW - Sedentary behavior KW - Body mass index KW - Non-communicable diseases ER - TY - JOUR TI - Monitoring Land-Cover Changes A machine-learning perspective AU - Karpatne, Anuj AU - Jiang, Zhe AU - Vatsavai, Ranga Raju AU - Shekhar, Shashi AU - Kumar, Vipin T2 - IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING MAGAZINE AB - Monitoring land-cover changes is of prime importance for the effective planning and management of critical, natural and man-made resources. The growing availability of remote sensing data provides ample opportunities for monitoring land-cover changes on a global scale using machine-learning techniques. However, remote sensing data sets exhibit unique domain-specific properties that limit the usefulness of traditional machine-learning methods. This article presents a brief overview of these challenges from the perspective of machine learning and discusses some of the recent advances in machine learning that are relevant for addressing them. These approaches show promise for future research in the detection of land-cover change using machine-learning algorithms. DA - 2016/6// PY - 2016/6// DO - 10.1109/mgrs.2016.2528038 VL - 4 IS - 2 SP - 8-21 SN - 2168-6831 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Linking silicate weathering to riverine geochemistry-A case study from a mountainous tropical setting in west-central Panama AU - Harmon, Russell S. AU - Woerner, Gerhard AU - Goldsmith, Steven T. AU - Harmon, Brendan A. AU - Gardner, Christopher B. AU - Lyons, W. Berry AU - Ogden, Fred L. AU - Pribil, Michael J. AU - Long, David T. AU - Kern, Zoltan AU - Forizs, Istvan T2 - GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN AB - Research Article| November 01, 2016 Linking silicate weathering to riverine geochemistry—A case study from a mountainous tropical setting in west-central Panama Russell S. Harmon; Russell S. Harmon † 1Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA2Engineer Research and Development Center, International Research Office, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Ruislip, HA4 7HB, UK †russell.s.harmon.civ@mail.mil Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Gerhard Wörner; Gerhard Wörner 3Division of Geochemistry, Geoscience Centre, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Steven T. Goldsmith; Steven T. Goldsmith 4Department of Geography and the Environment, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Brendan A. Harmon; Brendan A. Harmon 1Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Christopher B. Gardner; Christopher B. Gardner 5School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar W. Berry Lyons; W. Berry Lyons 5School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Fred L. Ogden; Fred L. Ogden 6Department of Civil & Architectural Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Michael J. Pribil; Michael J. Pribil 7U.S. Geological Survey, P.O. Box 25046, MS973, Denver, Colorado 80225, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar David T. Long; David T. Long 8Department of Geological Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Zoltán Kern; Zoltán Kern 9Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budaörsi út 45, Budapest, H-1112, Hungary Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar István Fórizs István Fórizs 9Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budaörsi út 45, Budapest, H-1112, Hungary Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information Russell S. Harmon † 1Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA2Engineer Research and Development Center, International Research Office, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Ruislip, HA4 7HB, UK Gerhard Wörner 3Division of Geochemistry, Geoscience Centre, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany Steven T. Goldsmith 4Department of Geography and the Environment, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA Brendan A. Harmon 1Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA Christopher B. Gardner 5School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA W. Berry Lyons 5School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA Fred L. Ogden 6Department of Civil & Architectural Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA Michael J. Pribil 7U.S. Geological Survey, P.O. Box 25046, MS973, Denver, Colorado 80225, USA David T. Long 8Department of Geological Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA Zoltán Kern 9Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budaörsi út 45, Budapest, H-1112, Hungary István Fórizs 9Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budaörsi út 45, Budapest, H-1112, Hungary †russell.s.harmon.civ@mail.mil Publisher: Geological Society of America Received: 22 Jul 2015 Revision Received: 11 Apr 2016 Accepted: 12 May 2016 First Online: 23 Jun 2017 Online Issn: 1943-2674 Print Issn: 0016-7606 © 2016 Geological Society of America GSA Bulletin (2016) 128 (11-12): 1780–1812. https://doi.org/10.1130/B31388.1 Article history Received: 22 Jul 2015 Revision Received: 11 Apr 2016 Accepted: 12 May 2016 First Online: 23 Jun 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Russell S. Harmon, Gerhard Wörner, Steven T. Goldsmith, Brendan A. Harmon, Christopher B. Gardner, W. Berry Lyons, Fred L. Ogden, Michael J. Pribil, David T. Long, Zoltán Kern, István Fórizs; Linking silicate weathering to riverine geochemistry—A case study from a mountainous tropical setting in west-central Panama. GSA Bulletin 2016;; 128 (11-12): 1780–1812. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/B31388.1 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract Chemical analyses from 71 watersheds across an ∼450 km transect in west-central Panama provide insight into controls on weathering and rates of chemical denudation and CO2 consumption across an igneous arc terrain in the tropics. Stream and river compositions across this region of Panama are generally dilute, having a total dissolved solute value = 118 ± 91 mg/L, with bicarbonate and silica being the predominant dissolved species. Solute, stable isotope, and radiogenic isotope compositions are consistent with dissolution of igneous rocks present in Panama by meteoric precipitation, with geochemical signatures of rivers largely acquired in their upstream regions. Comparison of a headwater basin with its entire watershed observed considerably more runoff production from the high-elevation upstream portion of the catchment than in its much more spatially extensive downstream region. Rock alteration profiles document that weathering proceeds primarily by dissolution of feldspar and pyroxene, with base cations effectively leached in the following sequence: Na > Ca > Mg > K. Control on water chemistry by bedrock lithology is indicated through a linking of elevated ([Na + K]/[Ca + Mg]) ratios in waters to a high proportion of catchment area silicic bedrock and low ratios to mafic bedrock. Sr-isotope ratios are dominated by basement-derived Sr, with only very minor, if any, contribution from other sources. Cation weathering of Casil + Mgsil + Na + K spans about an order in magnitude, from 3 to 32 tons/km2/yr. Strong positive correlations of chemical denudation and CO2 consumption are observed with precipitation, mean watershed elevation, extent of land surface forest cover, and physical erosion rate. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access. DA - 2016/11// PY - 2016/11// DO - 10.1130/b31388.1 VL - 128 IS - 11-12 SP - 1780-1812 SN - 1943-2674 ER - TY - CONF TI - Exploring strategies for LID implementation in marginalized communities and urbanizing watersheds AU - Garcia-Cuerva, L. AU - Berglund, E. Z. AU - Rivers, L. AB - Increasing urbanization augments impervious surface area which results in increased run off volumes and peak flows. Low impact development (LID) approaches present a decentralized alternative for sustainable urban stormwater and provide water conservation opportunities. They also provide a wide array of ecosystem services and foster community building by enhancing neighborhood aesthetics, increasing property value, and providing shared green spaces. While projects involving sustainability concepts and environmental design are favored in privileged communities, marginalized communities have historically been located in areas that suffer from environmental degradation. Underprivileged communities typically do not receive as many social and environmental services as advantaged communities. This research develops a participatory decision-making approach to address environmental justice for marginalized communities and explore LID strategies at the watershed scale for improving hydrological performance and mitigating flooding. Focus groups are designed and conducted to solicit input from community members, stakeholders, and community advocates about sustainable stormwater management alternatives. Input will be used to develop LID strategies that meet community goals, such as maximizing the provision of ecosystem services, providing water conservation opportunities, and fostering community building. A hydrologic/hydraulic stormwater modeling system will be developed using HEC-HMS and SWMM to simulate the stormwater impacts of rain water harvesting systems, green roofs, and bioretention cells. This approach will be implemented for a marginalized community within the Walnut Creek Watershed in Raleigh, North Carolina. On-going research will seek further feedback from the community about LID strategies that are developed using the hydrologic/hydraulic modeling system to assess preferences about LID decisions and tradeoffs among design goals. C2 - 2016/// C3 - Water, Wastewater, and Stormwater and Urban Watershed Symposium DA - 2016/// DO - 10.1061/9780784479889.005 SP - 41-50 ER - TY - CONF TI - Embodied spatial thinking in tangible computing AU - Harmon, B. A. C2 - 2016/// C3 - Proceedings of the Tenth Anniversary Conference on Tangible Embedded and Embodied Interaction (TEI16) DA - 2016/// SP - 693-696 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Continental-scale quantification of landscape values using social media data AU - Zanten, Boris T. AU - Van Berkel, Derek B. AU - Meentemeyer, Ross K. AU - Smith, Jordan W. AU - Tieskens, Koen F. AU - Verburg, Peter H. T2 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AB - Significance In many landscapes across the globe, we are witnessing an ongoing functional shift away from landscapes managed for extractive activities (e.g., agriculture, mining, forestry) and toward landscapes managed for recreation and leisure activities. Understanding the spatial configuration of this functional shift at regional and continental scales will be crucial for the development of effective landscape and rural development policies in coming decades. We present a rigorous comparison between three social media platforms’ suitability for mapping and quantifying landscape values. We also introduce a predictive model capable of quantifying landscape values at a continental scale. The utility of the model is illustrated through the identification of specific landscape features that best explain high densities of ascribed value (i.e., landscape value locations). DA - 2016/11/15/ PY - 2016/11/15/ DO - 10.1073/pnas.1614158113 VL - 113 IS - 46 SP - 12974-12979 SN - 1091-6490 KW - cross-cultural analysis KW - volunteered geolocated content KW - outdoor recreation and leisure KW - cultural ecosystem services KW - European landscape ER - TY - JOUR TI - Are Pedagogical Agents' External Regulation Effective in Fostering Learning with Intelligent Tutoring Systems? AU - Azevedo, Roger AU - Martin, Seth A. AU - Taub, Michelle AU - Mudrick, Nicholas V. AU - Millar, Garrett C. AU - Grafsgaard, Joseph F. T2 - INTELLIGENT TUTORING SYSTEMS, ITS 2016 AB - In this study we tested whether external regulation provided by artificial pedagogical agents (PAs) was effective in facilitating learners’ self-regulated learning (SRL) and can therefore foster complex learning with a hypermedia-based intelligent tutoring system. One hundred twenty (N = 120) college students learned about the human circulatory system with MetaTutor during a 2-hour session under one of two conditions: adaptive scaffolding (AS) or a control (C) condition. The AS condition received timely prompts from four PAs to deploy various cognitive and metacognitive SRL processes, and received immediate directive feedback concerning the deployment of the processes. By contrast, the C condition learned without assistance from the PAs. Results indicated that those in the AS condition gained significantly more knowledge about the science topic than those in the C condition. In addition, log-file data provided evidence of the effectiveness of the PAs’ scaffolding and feedback in facilitating learners’ (in the AS condition) metacognitive monitoring and regulation during learning. We discuss implications for the design of external regulation by PAs necessary to accurately detect, track, model, and foster learners’ SRL by providing more accurate and intelligent prompting, scaffolding, and feedback regarding SRL processes. DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// DO - 10.1007/978-3-319-39583-8_19 VL - 9684 SP - 197-207 SN - 0302-9743 KW - Self-regulated learning KW - Metacognition KW - Pedagogical agents KW - Externally regulated learning KW - ITS KW - Scaffolding KW - Learning KW - Product data KW - Process data ER - TY - JOUR TI - A Scalable Probabilistic Change Detection Algorithm for Very High Resolution (VHR) Satellite Imagery AU - Hong, Seokyong AU - Vatsavai, Ranga Raju T2 - 2016 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON BIG DATA - BIGDATA CONGRESS 2016 AB - Detecting landscape changes using very high-resolution multispectral imagery demands an accurate and scalable algorithm that is robust to geometric and atmospheric errors. Existing pixel-based change detection approaches, however, have several drawbacks, which render them ineffective for VHR imagery analysis. A recent probabilistic change detection framework provides more accurate assessment of changes than traditional approaches by analyzing image patches than pixels. However, this patch (grid)-based approach produces coarse-resolution (patch size) changes. In this work we present a sliding window based approach that produces changes at the native image resolution. The increased computational demand of the sliding window based approach is addressed through thread-level parallelization on shared memory architectures. Our experimental evaluation showed a 91% performance improvement compared to its sequential counterpart on a sq. KM aerial image with varying window sizes on a 16-core (32 virtual threads) Intel Xeon processor. DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// DO - 10.1109/bigdatacongress.2016.42 SP - 275-282 SN - 2379-7703 KW - Probabilistic Change Detection KW - Satellite Image Processing KW - Spatial Data Mining KW - OpenMP ER - TY - JOUR TI - pFUTURES: A Parallel Framework for Cellular Automaton Based Urban Growth Models AU - Shashidharan, Ashwin AU - Berkel, Derek B. AU - Vatsavai, Ranga Raju AU - Meentemeyer, Ross K. T2 - GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SCIENCE, (GISCIENCE 2016) AB - Simulating structural changes in landscape is a routine task in computational geography. Owing to advances in sensing and data collection technologies, geospatial data is becoming available at finer spatial and temporal resolutions. However, in practice, these large datasets impede land simulation based studies over large geographic regions due to computational and I/O challenges. The memory overhead of sequential implementations and long execution times further limit the possibilities of simulating future urban scenarios. In this paper, we present a generic framework for co-ordinating I/O and computation for geospatial simulations in a distributed computing environment. We present three parallel approaches and demonstrate the performance and scalability benefits of our parallel implementation pFUTURES, an extension of the FUTURES open-source multi-level urban growth model. Our analysis shows that although a time synchronous parallel approach obtains the same results as a sequential model, an asynchronous parallel approach provides better scaling due to reduced disk I/O and communication overheads. DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// DO - 10.1007/978-3-319-45738-3_11 VL - 9927 SP - 163-177 SN - 1611-3349 ER - TY - CONF TI - Using multi-channel data to assess, understand, and support affect and metacognition with intelligent tutoring systems AU - Taub, M. AU - Azevedo, R. C2 - 2016/// C3 - Intelligent tutoring systems, its 2016 DA - 2016/// VL - 0684 SP - 543-544 ER - TY - CONF TI - Using eye-tracking to determine the impact of prior knowledge on self-regulated learning with an adaptive hypermedia-learning environment AU - Taub, M. AU - Azevedo, R. C2 - 2016/// C3 - Intelligent tutoring systems, its 2016 DA - 2016/// VL - 0684 SP - 34-47 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Using Multi-level Modeling with Eye-Tracking Data to Predict Metacognitive Monitoring and Self-regulated Learning with CRYSTAL ISLAND AU - Taub, Michelle AU - Mudrick, Nicholas V. AU - Azevedo, Roger AU - Millar, Garrett C. AU - Rowe, Jonathan AU - Lester, James T2 - INTELLIGENT TUTORING SYSTEMS, ITS 2016 AB - Studies investigating the effectiveness of game-based learning environments (GBLEs) have reported the effectiveness of these environments on learning and retention. However, there is limited research on using eye-tracking data to investigate metacognitive monitoring with GBLEs. We report on a study that investigated how college students’ eye tracking behavior (n = 25) predicted performance on embedded assessments within the Crystal Island GBLE. Results revealed that the number of books, proportion of fixations on book and article content, and proportion of fixations on concept matrices—embedded assessments associated with each in-game book and article—significantly predicted the number of concept matrix attempts. These findings suggest that participants strategized when reading book and article content and completing assessments, which led to better performance. Implications for designing adaptive GBLEs include adapting to individual student needs based on eye-tracking behavior in order to foster efficient completion of in-game embedded assessments. DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// DO - 10.1007/978-3-319-39583-8_24 VL - 9684 SP - 240-246 SN - 0302-9743 KW - Metacognition KW - Self-regulated learning KW - Game-based learning KW - Eye tracking KW - Process data KW - Scientific reasoning ER - TY - CONF TI - Overland flow analysis using time series of sUAS- derived elevation models AU - Jeziorska, J. AU - Mitasova, Helena AU - Petrasova, A. AU - Petras, Vaclav AU - Divakaran, D. AU - Zajkowski, T. AB - Abstract. With the advent of the innovative techniques for generating high temporal and spatial resolution terrain models from Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) imagery, it has become possible to precisely map overland flow patterns. Furthermore, the process has become more affordable and efficient through the coupling of small UAS (sUAS) that are easily deployed with Structure from Motion (SfM) algorithms that can efficiently derive 3D data from RGB imagery captured with consumer grade cameras. We propose applying the robust overland flow algorithm based on the path sampling technique for mapping flow paths in the arable land on a small test site in Raleigh, North Carolina. By comparing a time series of five flights in 2015 with the results of a simulation based on the most recent lidar derived DEM (2013), we show that the sUAS based data is suitable for overland flow predictions and has several advantages over the lidar data. The sUAS based data captures preferential flow along tillage and more accurately represents gullies. Furthermore the simulated water flow patterns over the sUAS based terrain models are consistent throughout the year. When terrain models are reconstructed only from sUAS captured RGB imagery, however, water flow modeling is only appropriate in areas with sparse or no vegetation cover. C2 - 2016/// C3 - International archives of the photogrammetry remote sensing and spatial DA - 2016/// DO - 10.5194/isprs-annals-iii-8-159-2016 VL - 3 SP - 159–166 M1 - 8 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84979525774&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CONF TI - Can adaptive pedagogical agents' prompting strategies improve students' learning and self-regulation? AU - Bouchet, F. AU - Harley, J. M. AU - Azevedo, R. C2 - 2016/// C3 - Intelligent tutoring systems, its 2016 DA - 2016/// VL - 0684 SP - 368-374 ER - TY - JOUR TI - “Spatial Energetics” AU - James, Peter AU - Jankowska, Marta AU - Marx, Christine AU - Hart, Jaime E. AU - Berrigan, David AU - Kerr, Jacqueline AU - Hurvitz, Philip M. AU - Hipp, J. Aaron AU - Laden, Francine T2 - American Journal of Preventive Medicine AB - To address the current obesity and inactivity epidemics, public health researchers have attempted to identify spatial factors that influence physical inactivity and obesity. Technologic and methodologic developments have led to a revolutionary ability to examine dynamic, high-resolution measures of temporally matched location and behavior data through GPS, accelerometry, and GIS. These advances allow the investigation of spatial energetics, high-spatiotemporal resolution data on location and time-matched energetics, to examine how environmental characteristics, space, and time are linked to activity-related health behaviors with far more robust and detailed data than in previous work. Although the transdisciplinary field of spatial energetics demonstrates promise to provide novel insights on how individuals and populations interact with their environment, there remain significant conceptual, technical, analytical, and ethical challenges stemming from the complex data streams that spatial energetics research generates. First, it is essential to better understand what spatial energetics data represent, the relevant spatial context of analysis for these data, and if spatial energetics can establish causality for development of spatially relevant interventions. Second, there are significant technical problems for analysis of voluminous and complex data that may require development of spatially aware scalable computational infrastructures. Third, the field must come to agreement on appropriate statistical methodologies to account for multiple observations per person. Finally, these challenges must be considered within the context of maintaining participant privacy and security. This article describes gaps in current practice and understanding and suggests solutions to move this promising area of research forward. DA - 2016/11// PY - 2016/11// DO - 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.06.006 VL - 51 IS - 5 SP - 792-800 J2 - American Journal of Preventive Medicine LA - en OP - SN - 0749-3797 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2016.06.006 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Urban warming reduces aboveground carbon storage AU - Meineke, Emily AU - Youngsteadt, Elsa AU - Dunn, Robert R. AU - Frank, Steven D. T2 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AB - A substantial amount of global carbon is stored in mature trees. However, no experiments to date test how warming affects mature tree carbon storage. Using a unique, citywide, factorial experiment, we investigated how warming and insect herbivory affected physiological function and carbon sequestration (carbon stored per year) of mature trees. Urban warming increased herbivorous arthropod abundance on trees, but these herbivores had negligible effects on tree carbon sequestration. Instead, urban warming was associated with an estimated 12% loss of carbon sequestration, in part because photosynthesis was reduced at hotter sites. Ecosystem service assessments that do not consider urban conditions may overestimate urban tree carbon storage. Because urban and global warming are becoming more intense, our results suggest that urban trees will sequester even less carbon in the future. DA - 2016/10/12/ PY - 2016/10/12/ DO - 10.1098/rspb.2016.1574 VL - 283 IS - 1840 SP - SN - 1471-2954 KW - climate change KW - urban ecology KW - carbon storage KW - urban heat island effect KW - ecosystem services KW - herbivory ER - TY - JOUR TI - Proliferation of the invasive termite Coptotermes gestroi (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) on Grand Cayman and overall termite diversity on the Cayman Islands AU - Scheffrahn, R. H. AU - Hochmair, H. H. AU - Tonini, F. AU - Krecek, J. AU - Su, N. Y. AU - Fitzgerald, P. AU - Hendricken, K. AU - Chase, J. A. AU - Mangold, J. AU - Olynik, J. T2 - Florida Entomologist DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// VL - 99 IS - 3 SP - 496-504 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Worksite nutrition supports and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption AU - Hipp, J. A. AU - Becker, H. V. AU - Marx, C. M. AU - Tabak, R. G. AU - Brownson, R. C. AU - Yang, L. T2 - Obesity Science & Practice AB - Summary Objective This study examined the link between worksite environmental supports for nutrition behaviours and sugar‐sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and offers insight into potential intervention points for reducing SSB consumption and combatting overweight and obesity. Methods Perceived worksite supports for healthy nutrition and self‐reported SSB consumption were analysed for 2,015 working adults in the state of Missouri using a subset of questions from the Supports at Home and Work for Maintaining Energy Balance (SHOW‐ME) study. Results Employees' use of vending facilities and the availability of water coolers/water bottles was significantly associated with increased SSB consumption, while use of cafeterias was significantly associated with decreased SSB consumption. Symbols or signs to identify healthy alternatives were significantly associated with sports drink consumption. Conclusions This study supports previous work indicating the worksite as a necessary environment for nutrition interventions. When choices (vending and cafeteria) are provided, employees report making healthier decisions. For worksites without cafeterias, alternatives should be explored including mobile food trucks and farmer's markets. DA - 2016/5/26/ PY - 2016/5/26/ DO - 10.1002/osp4.44 VL - 2 IS - 2 SP - 144-153 J2 - Obesity Science & Practice LA - en OP - SN - 2055-2238 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/osp4.44 DB - Crossref KW - Cafeteria KW - health KW - obesity KW - soda KW - vending ER - TY - JOUR TI - Wildfire and forest disease interaction lead to greater loss of soil nutrients and carbon AU - Cobb, Richard C. AU - Meentemeyer, Ross K. AU - Rizzo, David M. T2 - OECOLOGIA DA - 2016/9// PY - 2016/9// DO - 10.1007/s00442-016-3649-7 VL - 182 IS - 1 SP - 265-276 SN - 1432-1939 KW - Phytophthora ramorum KW - Sudden oak death KW - Tanoak KW - Nitrogen KW - Invasive pathogens KW - Ecosystem disease impacts ER - TY - JOUR TI - Thermal stratification in small arctic lakes of southwest Greenland affected by water transparency and epilimnetic temperatures AU - Saros, Jasmine E. AU - Northington, Robert M. AU - Osburn, Christopher L. AU - Burpee, Benjamin T. AU - John Anderson, Nicholas T2 - Limnology and Oceanography AB - Abstract We assessed which factors control summer epilimnion thickness in arctic lakes of southwest Greenland. A suite of 22 lakes that thermally stratify was measured in the summer of 2013; a sub‐set of eight of the lakes was measured again in 2014, which was a warmer summer than 2013. Regression analysis of the 22 lakes indicated that the 1% attenuation depth for photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was the strongest single predictor ( R 2 = 0.75) of epilimnion thickness across lakes; the addition of epilimnion temperature to the PAR model explained additional variability ( R 2 = 0.79). The importance of including temperature in the model was apparent in the results of model validation as well as when comparing across years: while the 1% PAR was 0.4–2 m deeper in 2014 compared with 2013, water temperatures were 2–3°C higher, resulting in July epilimnion thicknesses that were equal to or shallower than in 2013. In these lakes with low color dissolved organic carbon (DOC), multiple factors control the 1% PAR, including absorbance at 440 nm ( a 440 ), 380 nm ( a 380 ), and 320 ( a 320 ), chlorophyll a (Chl a ) and DOC concentration. In 2014, when 1% PAR was deeper than in 2013, a 380, Chl a and DOC were lower in six of the eight lakes. Our results reveal that the thermal structure of these arctic lakes is under complex control by air temperatures and factors that affect PAR attenuation, particularly Chl a and DOC quality, suggesting that continued warming in the Arctic will have strong effects on lake stratification. DA - 2016/5/27/ PY - 2016/5/27/ DO - 10.1002/lno.10314 VL - 61 IS - 4 SP - 1530-1542 J2 - Limnol. Oceanogr. LA - en OP - SN - 0024-3590 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lno.10314 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Time Scales of Variability of Marine Low Clouds AU - Szoeke, Simon P. AU - Verlinden, Kathryn L. AU - Yuter, Sandra E. AU - Mechem, David B. T2 - JOURNAL OF CLIMATE AB - Abstract Multidecade global regressions of inversion strength, vertical velocity, and sea surface temperature (SST) on low cloud amount, from subdaily to multiyear time scales, refute the dominance of seasonal inversion strength on marine low cloud variability. Multiday low cloud variance averaged over the eastern Pacific and Atlantic stratocumulus regions [5 × 10−2 (cloud amount)2] is twice the subdaily variance and 5 times larger than the multimonth variance. The broad multiday band contains most (60%) of the variance, despite strong seasonal (annual) and diurnal spectral peaks. Multiday low cloud amount over the eastern tropical and midlatitude oceans is positively correlated to inversion strength, with a slope of 2%–5% K−1. Anecdotes show multiday low cloud and inversion strength anomalies propagate equatorward from midlatitudes. Previously shown correlations of low clouds to strong inversions and cool SST on monthly and longer time scales in the stratocumulus regions imply positive cloud-radiative feedbacks, with e-folding time scales of 300 days for SST and 14 days for atmospheric boundary layer temperature. On multimonth time scales, removing the effect of SST on low clouds reduces the low cloud amount explained by inversion strength by a factor of 3, but SST has a small effect at other time scales. Contrary to their positive correlation in the stratocumulus cloud decks, low clouds are anticorrelated to inversion strength over most of the tropics on daily and subdaily time scales. DA - 2016/9/15/ PY - 2016/9/15/ DO - 10.1175/jcli-d-15-0460.1 VL - 29 IS - 18 SP - 6463-6481 SN - 1520-0442 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Guest editorial: big spatial data AU - Vatsavai, Raju AU - Chandola, Varun T2 - GEOINFORMATICA DA - 2016/10// PY - 2016/10// DO - 10.1007/s10707-016-0269-7 VL - 20 IS - 4 SP - 797-799 SN - 1573-7624 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Estimating E-Race European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Adult Activity in Snap Bean Fields Based on Corn Planting Intensity and Their Activity in Corn in New York Agroecosystems AU - Schmidt-Jeffris, Rebecca A. AU - Huseth, Anders S. AU - Nault, Brian A. T2 - Journal of Economic Entomology AB - European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), is a major pest of processing snap bean because larvae are contaminants in pods. The incidence of O. nubilalis -contaminated beans has become uncommon in New York, possibly because widespread adoption of Bt field corn has suppressed populations. Snap bean fields located where Bt corn has been intensively grown in space and time may be at lower risk for O. nubilalis than fields located where Bt corn is not common. To manage O. nubilalis infestation risk, growers determine insecticide application frequency in snap bean based on pheromone-trapping information in nearby sweet corn fields; adult activity is presumed equivalent in both crops. Our goal was to determine if corn planting intensity and adult activity in sweet corn could be used to estimate O. nubilalis populations in snap bean in New York in 2014-2015. Numbers of O nubilalis adults captured in pheromone-baited traps located in snap bean fields where corn was and was not intensively grown were similar, suggesting that O. nubilalis does not respond to local levels of Bt corn in the landscape. Numbers of Ostrinia nubilalis captured in pheromone-baited traps placed by snap bean fields and proximal sweet corn fields were not related, indicating that snap bean growers should no longer make control decisions based on adult activity in sweet corn. Our results also suggest that the risk of O. nubilalis infestations in snap bean is low (∼80% of the traps caught zero moths) and insecticide applications targeting this pest should be reduced or eliminated. DA - 2016/7/24/ PY - 2016/7/24/ DO - 10.1093/jee/tow149 VL - 109 IS - 5 SP - 2210–2214 SN - 0022-0493 1938-291X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/tow149 KW - Ostrinia nubilalis KW - Phaseolus vulgaris KW - Zea mays KW - landscape ecology KW - pest monitoring ER - TY - JOUR TI - Editorial for the Special issue of the Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism on mountain biking AU - Pickering, Catherine AU - Leung, Yu-Fai T2 - JOURNAL OF OUTDOOR RECREATION AND TOURISM-RESEARCH PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT AB - Trails are discussed as geomorphic entities and the geomorphic nature of mountain bike impacts is evaluated. This project documented landscape changes from inception of trail design until after three mountain bike races were completed. The research location was a short-track trail that was purpose-built for a small race series in Austin, TX. The geomorphic alterations that occurred are generally in line with and supported by the published literature. This project sought to monitor the forcing mechanisms (mountain bikers) which would cause the change in trail morphology. A novel aspect of this research is the utilization of accelerometers to understand the forces placed by the rider on the trail surface. Additionally, this paper documents soil impacts on trails at relatively low use rates, as such, it begins to bridge the gap between experimental trampling studies and soil impact studies on established trails. This project presents a protocol to monitor change on trails, presents a novel method for documenting rider forcing, and supports the idea that mountain bikers are geomorphic agents. Understanding and documenting these forces are key to building and maintaining more sustainable trail systems, as such trail builders and land managers would benefit from this and further research.This research has several management implications. This paper discusses the impact of a small race series and has implication for trail layout for similar races. Race promoters should be aware of soil compact and impacts to vegetation. Cyclocross races often occupy a park or other area where a trail is not desired in the long term, therefore those types of events should be particularly concerned with compaction and erosion. It presents a novel method, with accelerometers, which may be used to map and analyze how mountain bikers distribute forces on the landscape. Additionally, this paper presents a sampling plan that can be reproduced at various scales to document morphological change on trails over time. DA - 2016/10// PY - 2016/10// DO - 10.1016/s2213-0780(16)30064-0 VL - 15 SP - III-IV SN - 2213-0799 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84994582564&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Widespread effusive volcanism on Mercury likely ended by about 3.5Ga AU - Byrne, Paul K. AU - Ostrach, Lillian R. AU - Fassett, Caleb I. AU - Chapman, Clark R. AU - Denevi, Brett W. AU - Evans, Alexander J. AU - Klimczak, Christian AU - Banks, Maria E. AU - Head, James W. AU - Solomon, Sean C. T2 - GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS AB - Abstract Crater size–frequency analyses have shown that the largest volcanic plains deposits on Mercury were emplaced around 3.7 Ga, as determined with recent model production function chronologies for impact crater formation on that planet. To test the hypothesis that all major smooth plains on Mercury were emplaced by about that time, we determined crater size–frequency distributions for the nine next‐largest deposits, which we interpret also as volcanic. Our crater density measurements are consistent with those of the largest areas of smooth plains on the planet. Model ages based on recent crater production rate estimates for Mercury imply that the main phase of plains volcanism on Mercury had ended by ~3.5 Ga, with only small‐scale volcanism enduring beyond that time. Cessation of widespread effusive volcanism is attributable to interior cooling and contraction of the innermost planet. DA - 2016/7/28/ PY - 2016/7/28/ DO - 10.1002/2016gl069412 VL - 43 IS - 14 SP - 7408-7416 SN - 1944-8007 KW - Mercury KW - volcanism KW - crater size-frequency distributions KW - global contraction KW - impact cratering ER - TY - JOUR TI - When Big Data are Too Much: Effects of LiDAR Returns and Point Density on Estimation of Forest Biomass AU - Singh, Kunwar K. AU - Chen, Gang AU - Vogler, John B. AU - Meentemeyer, Ross K. T2 - IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING AB - Analysis of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data is becoming a mainstream approach to mapping forest biomass and carbon stocks across heterogeneous landscapes. However, large volumes of multireturn high point-density LiDAR data continue to pose challenges for large-area assessments. We are beginning to learn when and where point density can be reduced (or aggregated), but little is known regarding the degree to which multireturn data-at varying levels of point density-improve estimates of forest biomass. In this study, we examined the combined effects of LiDAR returns and data reduction on field-measured estimates of aboveground forest biomass in deciduous and mixed evergreen forests in an urbanized region of North Carolina, USA. We extracted structural metrics using first returns only, all returns, and rarely used laser pulse first returns from reduced point densities of LiDAR data. We statistically analyzed relationships between the field-measured biomass and LiDAR-derived variables for each return type and point-density combination. Overall, models using first return data performed only slightly better than models that utilized multiple returns. First-return models and multiple-return models at one percent point density resulted in 14% and 11% decrease in the amount of explained variation, respectively, compared to models with 100% point density. In addition, variance of modeled biomass across all point densities and return models was statistically similar to the field-measured biomass. Taken together, these results suggest that LiDAR first returns at reduced point density provide sufficient data for mapping urban forest biomass and may be an effective alternative to multireturn data. DA - 2016/7// PY - 2016/7// DO - 10.1109/jstars.2016.2522960 VL - 9 IS - 7 SP - 3210-3218 SN - 2151-1535 KW - Aboveground biomass KW - data reduction KW - large-area assessments KW - light detection and ranging (LiDAR) KW - multiple linear regression (MLR) KW - point density and returns KW - urban forest ER - TY - JOUR TI - Variation in habitat soundscape characteristics influences settlement of a reef-building coral AU - Lillis, Ashlee AU - Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne AU - Peters, Jason W. AU - Eggleston, David T2 - PEERJ AB - Coral populations, and the productive reef ecosystems they support, rely on successful recruitment of reef-building species, beginning with settlement of dispersing larvae into habitat favourable to survival. Many substrate cues have been identified as contributors to coral larval habitat selection; however, the potential for ambient acoustic cues to influence coral settlement responses is unknown. Using in situ settlement chambers that excluded other habitat cues, larval settlement of a dominant Caribbean reef-building coral, Orbicella faveolata, was compared in response to three local soundscapes, with differing acoustic and habitat properties. Differences between reef sites in the number of larvae settled in chambers isolating acoustic cues corresponded to differences in sound levels and reef characteristics, with sounds at the loudest reef generating significantly higher settlement during trials compared to the quietest site (a 29.5 % increase). These results suggest that soundscapes could be an important influence on coral settlement patterns and that acoustic cues associated with reef habitat may be related to larval settlement. This study reports an effect of soundscape variation on larval settlement for a key coral species, and adds to the growing evidence that soundscapes affect marine ecosystems by influencing early life history processes of foundational species. DA - 2016/10/13/ PY - 2016/10/13/ DO - 10.7717/peerj.2557 VL - 4 SP - SN - 2167-8359 KW - Coral KW - Larval settlement KW - Reef soundscape KW - Habitat cue KW - Habitat selection ER - TY - JOUR TI - Using Next-Generation Sequencing to Develop Molecular Diagnostics for Pseudoperonospora cubensis, the Cucurbit Downy Mildew Pathogen AU - Withers, S. AU - Gongora-Castillo, E. AU - Gent, D. AU - Thomas, A. AU - Ojiambo, P. S. AU - Quesada-Ocampo, L. M. T2 - PHYTOPATHOLOGY AB - Advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) allow for rapid development of genomics resources needed to generate molecular diagnostics assays for infectious agents. NGS approaches are particularly helpful for organisms that cannot be cultured, such as the downy mildew pathogens, a group of biotrophic obligate oomycetes that infect crops of economic importance. Unlike most downy mildew pathogens that are highly host-specific, Pseudoperonospora cubensis causes disease on a broad range of crops belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae. In this study, we identified candidate diagnostic markers for P. cubensis by comparing NGS data from a diverse panel of P. cubensis and P. humuli isolates, two very closely related oomycete species. P. cubensis isolates from diverse hosts and geographical regions in the United States were selected for sequencing to ensure that candidates were conserved in P. cubensis isolates infecting different cucurbit hosts. Genomic regions unique to and conserved in P. cubensis isolates were identified through bioinformatics. These candidate regions were then validated using PCR against a larger collection of isolates from P. cubensis, P. humuli, and other oomycetes. Overall seven diagnostic markers were found to be specific to P. cubensis. These markers could be used for pathogen diagnostics on infected tissue, or adapted for monitoring airborne inoculum with real-time PCR and spore traps. DA - 2016/10// PY - 2016/10// DO - 10.1094/phyto-10-15-0260-fi VL - 106 IS - 10 SP - 1105-1116 SN - 1943-7684 UR - http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/27314624 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bayesian nonparametric estimation for dynamic treatment regimes with sequential transition times comment AU - Guan, Q. AU - Laber, E. B. AU - Reich, B. J. T2 - Journal of the American Statistical Association DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// VL - 111 IS - 515 SP - 936-942 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Relationship Between Perceived Greenness and Perceived Restorativeness of University Campuses and Student-Reported Quality of Life AU - Hipp, J. Aaron AU - Gulwadi, Gowri Betrabet AU - Alves, Susana AU - Sequeira, Sonia T2 - Environment and Behavior AB - University students are exposed to many stressors, necessitating opportunities for restoration. Research has indicated that actual experiences in nearby green spaces are associated with restorative psychological and physiological health benefits. However, the perception of greenness and restorativeness of environments might also impact health outcomes. Can green campus spaces provide restorative potential to university students? Do students perceive the greenness and restorative benefits? To explore these questions, students at three universities (convenience sample) were surveyed with items on perceived greenness of campus, perceived restorativeness of campus, and the World Health Organization Quality-of-Life Scale. Results indicate that those with higher perceived campus greenness report greater quality of life, a pathway significantly and partially mediated by perceived campus restorativeness. Future research should help identify effective ways in which university green spaces can be developed as health resources for students. DA - 2016/7/28/ PY - 2016/7/28/ DO - 10.1177/0013916515598200 VL - 48 IS - 10 SP - 1292-1308 J2 - Environment and Behavior LA - en OP - SN - 0013-9165 1552-390X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916515598200 DB - Crossref KW - university KW - campus KW - green space KW - quality of life KW - perceived restorativeness KW - students ER - TY - JOUR TI - Still Separate, Still Unequal: Social Determinants of Playground Safety and Proximity Disparities in St. Louis AU - Arroyo-Johnson, Cassandra AU - Woodward, Krista AU - Milam, Laurel AU - Ackermann, Nicole AU - Komaie, Goldie AU - Goodman, Melody S AU - Hipp, J. Aaron T2 - Journal of Urban Health AB - Physical activity among youth is shaped by the natural and built environment within which they live; however, few studies have focused on assessing playground safety and proximity in detail as part of the built environment for youth physical activity. We analyzed data on 100 publicly accessible playgrounds from Play Across St. Louis, a community-partnered study of the built environment for youth physical activity. Outcomes included overall playground safety, maintenance, and construction scores; distance to nearest playground; and distance to nearest top playground. Independent variables included neighborhood % youth, % black residents, % owner-occupied units, and % vacant units. Playgrounds in the city have varying degrees of safety and proximity. Mean overall playground safety score was 67.0 % (CI = 63.5, 70.4). Neighborhood % youth and % black residents were inversely associated with overall playground safety (p = 0.03 and p < 0.01) and maintenance (p < 0.01 and p < 0.0001). Mean distance to nearest playground was 638.1 and 1488.3 m to nearest top playground. Clusters of low safety scores were found in the northern and central areas while all high safety score clusters were found in the southern part of St. Louis. Public playground safety and proximity vary across St. Louis neighborhoods, especially by neighborhood demographics. Disparities in playground safety and proximity reveal an opportunity to develop community-wide interventions focused on playgrounds for youth activity. Further work is needed to examine the association between playground safety, proximity, and use and youth physical activity and weight. DA - 2016/7/8/ PY - 2016/7/8/ DO - 10.1007/s11524-016-0063-8 VL - 93 IS - 4 SP - 627-638 J2 - J Urban Health LA - en OP - SN - 1099-3460 1468-2869 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11524-016-0063-8 DB - Crossref KW - Playground safety KW - Health disparities KW - Built environment KW - Youth physical activity ER - TY - JOUR TI - PLANNING THE NEXT DECADE OF COORDINATED RESEARCH TO BETTER UNDERSTAND AND SIMULATE MARINE LOW CLOUDS AU - Wood, Robert AU - Jensen, Michael P. AU - Wang, Jian AU - Bretherton, Christopher S. AU - Burrows, Susannah M. AU - Del Genio, Anthony D. AU - Fridlind, Ann M. AU - Ghan, Steven J. AU - Ghate, Virendra P. AU - Kollias, Pavlos AU - Krueger, Steven K. AU - McGraw, Robert L. AU - Miller, Mark A. AU - Painemal, David AU - Russell, Lynn M. AU - Yuter, Sandra E. AU - Zuidema, Paquita T2 - BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY AB - CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Robert Wood, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Box 351640, Seattle, WA 98195-1640, E-mail: robwood2@uw.edu DA - 2016/9// PY - 2016/9// DO - 10.1175/bams-d-16-0160.1 VL - 97 IS - 9 SP - 1699-1702 SN - 1520-0477 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Frankliniella fusca resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides: an emerging challenge for cotton pest management in the eastern United States AU - Huseth, Anders S AU - Chappell, Thomas M AU - Langdon, Kevin AU - Morsello, Shannon C AU - Martin, Scott AU - Greene, Jeremy K AU - Herbert, Ames AU - Jacobson, Alana L AU - Reay‐Jones, Francis PF AU - Reed, Timothy AU - Reisig, Dominic D AU - Roberts, Phillip M AU - Smith, Ron AU - Kennedy, George G T2 - Pest Management Science AB - Abstract BACKGROUND Over the past two decades, neonicotinoid seed treatments have become the primary method to manage tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca Hinds, on seedling cotton. Because this insect is highly polyphagous and the window of insecticide exposure is short, neonicotinoid resistance was expected to pose a minimal risk. However, reports of higher than expected F. fusca seedling damage in seed‐treated cotton fields throughout the Mid‐South and Southeast US production regions suggested neonicotinoid resistance had developed. To document this change, F. fusca populations from 86 different locations in the eastern United States were assayed in 2014 and 2015 for imidacloprid and thiamethoxam resistance to determine the extent of the issue in the region. RESULTS Approximately 57 and 65% of the F. fusca populations surveyed had reduced imidacloprid and thiamethoxam sensitivity respectively. Survivorship in diagnostic bioassays was significantly different at both the state and regional scales. Multiple‐dose bioassays conducted on 37 of the populations documented up to 55‐ and 39‐fold resistance ratios for imidacloprid and thiamethoxam respectively. CONCLUSION Estimates of neonicotinoid resistance indicate an emerging issue for management of F. fusca in the eastern United States. Significant variation in survivorship within states and regions indicated that finer‐scale surveys were needed to determine factors (genetic, insecticide use) driving resistance evolution. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry DA - 2016/2/15/ PY - 2016/2/15/ DO - 10.1002/ps.4232 VL - 72 IS - 10 SP - 1934-1945 J2 - Pest. Manag. Sci. LA - en OP - SN - 1526-498X 1526-4998 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.4232 DB - Crossref KW - imidacloprid KW - thiamethoxam KW - seed treatment KW - insect resistance management KW - Gossypium hirsutum ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluating information diffusion speed and its determinants in social media networks during humanitarian crises AU - Yoo, Eunae AU - Rand, William AU - Eftekhar, Mahyar AU - Rabinovich, Elliot T2 - JOURNAL OF OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT AB - Abstract The rapid diffusion of information is critical to combat the extreme levels of uncertainty and complexity that surround disaster relief operations. As a means of gathering and sharing information, humanitarian organizations are becoming increasingly reliant on social media platforms based on the Internet. In this paper, we present a field study that examines how effectively information diffuses through social media networks embedded in these platforms. Using a large dataset from Twitter during Hurricane Sandy, we first applied Information Diffusion Theory to characterize diffusion rates. Then, we empirically examined the impact of key elements on information propagation rates on social media. Our results revealed that internal diffusion through social media networks advances at a significantly higher speed than information in these networks coming from external sources. This finding is important because it suggests that social media networks are effective at passing information along during humanitarian crises that require urgent information diffusion. Our results also indicate that dissemination rates depend on the influence of those who originate the information. Moreover, they suggest that information posted earlier during a disaster exhibits a significantly higher speed of diffusion than information that is introduced later during more eventful stages in the disaster. This is because, over time, participation in the diffusion of information declines as more and more communications compete for attention among users. DA - 2016/7// PY - 2016/7// DO - 10.1016/j.jom.2016.05.007 VL - 45 SP - 123-133 SN - 1873-1317 UR - https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/42282239/ KW - Humanitarian operations KW - Social media KW - Information diffusion theory ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of land abandonment and climate change on soil erosion An example from depopulated agricultural lands in the Sudetes Mts., SW Poland AU - Latocha, Agnieszka AU - Szymanowski, Mariusz AU - Jeziorska, Justyna AU - Stec, Magdalena AU - Roszczewska, Monika T2 - CATENA AB - The aim of the study is to calculate and evaluate the changes in spatial distribution of soil erosion rates related to land use/cover changes and climate changes in the Sudetes Mts. within the last 150 years. Various methods were used, including GIS analysis of historical and contemporary land use/cover and climate data, spatial analysis of soil erosion modeling using RUSLE. Changes in spatial distribution of precipitation sums were estimated based on spatial deterministic-stochastic models (regression-kriging) applied to the measurement data from the entire Sudetes region in both analyzed periods. There was a pronounced increase in the area of forests and grasslands at the expenses of arable grounds due to depopulation and consequent land abandonment. These changes started already in the 1880s but they were intensified after World War II. On average soil erosion in the study area decreased by 76.2% (from 4.03 t ha− 1 y− 1 in the 19th century to present 0.96 t ha− 1 y− 1). However, the changes in erosion are highly diverse locally in the studied region with the maximum decrease of 8–16 t ha− 1 y− 1 on steep and higher slopes, which were transformed from arable grounds to forests and grasslands. While both land use and climate changes took place in the study area, changes in land use/cover have a much larger impact on calculated soil erosion rate than climate change. The abandonment of land and the development of spontaneous succession of vegetation limited soil erosion in a very effective way. The values obtained by RUSLE modeling were compared with other values of soil erosion from various field measurements in the Sudetes Mountains in order to evaluate the model. The measurements were based on the experimental plots and sediments stored within the agricultural terraces and in the water reservoirs of various sizes. While the specific sites show large differences in denudation rates, the mean contemporary erosion calculated from our model (0.06 mm y− 1) corresponds with the average rate of denudation, which was calculated for the entire Sudetes: 0.05–0.01 mm y− 1 (Jahn 1968). DA - 2016/10// PY - 2016/10// DO - 10.1016/j.catena.2016.05.027 VL - 145 SP - 128-141 SN - 1872-6887 KW - Soil erosion KW - Land use/cover changes KW - Climate changes KW - Land abandonment KW - RUSLE KW - Sudetes ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparisons of Modeled and Observed Reflectivities and Fall Speeds for Snowfall of Varied Riming Degrees during Winter Storms on Long Island, New York AU - Molthan, Andrew L. AU - Colle, Brian A. AU - Yuter, Sandra E. AU - Stark, David T2 - MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW AB - Abstract Derived radar reflectivities and fall speeds for four Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model bulk microphysical parameterizations (BMPs) run at 1.33-km grid spacing are compared with ground-based, vertically pointing Ku-band radar, scanning S-band radar, and in situ measurements at Stony Brook, New York. Simulations were partitioned into periods of observed riming degree as determined manually using a stereo microscope and camera during nine winter storms. Simulations were examined to determine whether the selected BMPs captured the effects of varying riming intensities, provided a reasonable match to the vertical structure of radar reflectivity or fall speed, and whether they produced reasonable surface fall speed distributions. Schemes assuming nonspherical mass–diameter relationships yielded reflectivity distributions closer to observed values. All four schemes examined in this study provided a better match to the observed, vertical structure of reflectivity during moderate riming than light riming periods. The comparison of observed and simulated snowfall speeds had mixed results. One BMP produced episodes of excessive cloud water at times, resulting in fall speeds that were too large. However, most schemes had frequent periods of little or no cloud water during moderate riming periods and thus underpredicted the snowfall speeds at lower levels. Short, 1–4-h periods with relatively steady snow conditions were used to compare BMP and observed size and fall speed distributions. These limited data suggest the examined BMPs underpredict fall speeds of cold-type snow habits and underrepresent aggregates larger than 4-mm diameter. DA - 2016/11// PY - 2016/11// DO - 10.1175/mwr-d-15-0397.1 VL - 144 IS - 11 SP - 4327-4347 SN - 1520-0493 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Changing disturbance regimes, ecological memory, and forest resilience AU - Johnstone, Jill F. AU - Allen, Craig D. AU - Franklin, Jerry F. AU - Frelich, Lee E. AU - Harvey, Brian J. AU - Higuera, Philip E. AU - Mack, Michelle C. AU - Meentemeyer, Ross K. AU - Metz, Margaret R. AU - Perry, George L. W. AU - Schoennagel, Tania AU - Turner, Monica G. T2 - FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT AB - Ecological memory is central to how ecosystems respond to disturbance and is maintained by two types of legacies – information and material. Species life‐history traits represent an adaptive response to disturbance and are an information legacy; in contrast, the abiotic and biotic structures (such as seeds or nutrients) produced by single disturbance events are material legacies. Disturbance characteristics that support or maintain these legacies enhance ecological resilience and maintain a “safe operating space” for ecosystem recovery. However, legacies can be lost or diminished as disturbance regimes and environmental conditions change, generating a “resilience debt” that manifests only after the system is disturbed. Strong effects of ecological memory on post‐disturbance dynamics imply that contingencies (effects that cannot be predicted with certainty) of individual disturbances, interactions among disturbances, and climate variability combine to affect ecosystem resilience. We illustrate these concepts and introduce a novel ecosystem resilience framework with examples of forest disturbances, primarily from North America. Identifying legacies that support resilience in a particular ecosystem can help scientists and resource managers anticipate when disturbances may trigger abrupt shifts in forest ecosystems, and when forests are likely to be resilient. DA - 2016/9// PY - 2016/9// DO - 10.1002/fee.1311 VL - 14 IS - 7 SP - 369-378 SN - 1540-9309 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cellular Automata Modeling Framework for Urban Water Reuse Planning and Management AU - Kandiah, Venu K. AU - Berglund, Emily Z. AU - Binder, Andrew R. T2 - JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT AB - Water reuse provides a sustainable approach to balance water supply and demand in urban areas, and reclaimed water can be used for nonpotable applications to reduce demands on freshwater sources. Construction of a secondary network is required to distribute reclaimed water. Implementing water reuse projects on a wider scale is challenged by the need for communitywide public acceptance and adoption, which may be a dynamic and adaptive process. The adoption of new water infrastructure can drive hydraulic conditions in both the reclaimed network and an existing drinking water network. This research develops a dynamic modeling framework using a cellular automata (CA) approach to simulate consumer adoption of reclaimed water. The framework couples the CA model of consumer adoption with water distribution system models of the drinking and reclaimed water systems. Emergent distribution system hydraulic conditions are simulated, and the capacity utilization and system performance are evaluated as consumers adopt water reuse. The Town of Cary, North Carolina, is used as case study to develop and demonstrate the modeling framework. The CA parameters and rules are developed and validated using data about the addition of new accounts for the period 2001–2012. Projected water reuse adoption is simulated in Cary for the period 2012–2030, and impacts on the existing drinking water infrastructure and planned reclaimed water infrastructure are evaluated. DA - 2016/12// PY - 2016/12// DO - 10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000696 VL - 142 IS - 12 SP - SN - 1943-5452 KW - Complex adaptive system KW - Diffusion of innovation KW - Dual water system KW - Sociotechnical transition KW - Urban water management KW - Water reuse ER - TY - JOUR TI - A Fused Lasso Approach to Nonstationary Spatial Covariance Estimation AU - Parker, Ryan J. AU - Reich, Brian J. AU - Eidsvik, Jo T2 - JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS DA - 2016/9// PY - 2016/9// DO - 10.1007/s13253-016-0251-8 VL - 21 IS - 3 SP - 569-587 SN - 1537-2693 KW - Spatial statistics KW - Nonstationary covariance KW - Regularization KW - Penalized likelihood ER - TY - JOUR TI - The effect of human population size on the breeding bird diversity of urban regions AU - Gagne, Sara A. AU - Sherman, Peter J. AU - Singh, Kunwar K. AU - Meentemeyer, Ross K. T2 - BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION DA - 2016/4// PY - 2016/4// DO - 10.1007/s10531-016-1080-3 VL - 25 IS - 4 SP - 653-671 SN - 1572-9710 KW - Avian diversity KW - Avian ecology KW - Multi-city comparison KW - Urban planning KW - Urban population growth ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Impact of Worksite Supports for Healthy Eating on Dietary Behaviors AU - Dodson, Elizabeth Anne AU - Hipp, James Aaron AU - Gao, Mengchao AU - Tabak, Rachel Gail AU - Yang, Lin AU - Brownson, Ross Charles T2 - JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE AB - Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the availability of worksite supports (WSS) for healthy eating and examine associations between existing supports and dietary behaviors. Methods: A cross-sectional, telephone-based study was conducted with 2013 participants in four metropolitan areas in 2012. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between dietary behaviors and the availability or use of WSS. Results: Those reporting the availability of a cafeteria/snack bar/food services at the worksite were more likely to consume fruits and vegetables more than twice/day, and less likely to consume fast food more than twice/week. Conclusions: Study results highlight the utility of specific WSS to improve employee dietary behaviors while raising questions about why the presence of healthy foods at the worksite may not translate into employee consumption of such foods. DA - 2016/8// PY - 2016/8// DO - 10.1097/jom.0000000000000813 VL - 58 IS - 8 SP - E287-E293 SN - 1536-5948 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84978524349&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Predicting Sources of Dissolved Organic Nitrogen to an Estuary from an Agro-Urban Coastal Watershed AU - Osburn, Christopher L. AU - Handsel, Lauren T. AU - Peierls, Benjamin L. AU - Paerl, Hans W. T2 - Environmental Science & Technology AB - Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) is the nitrogen (N)-containing component of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and in aquatic ecosystems is part of the biologically reactive nitrogen pool that can degrade water quality in N-sensitive waters. Unlike inorganic N (nitrate and ammonium) DON is comprised of many different molecules of variable reactivity. Few methods exist to track the sources of DON in watersheds. In this study, DOM excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence of eight discrete DON sources was measured and modeled with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and the resulting model ("FluorMod") was fit to 516 EEMs measured in surface waters from the main stem of the Neuse River and its tributaries, located in eastern North Carolina. PARAFAC components were positively correlated to DON concentration. Principle components analysis (PCA) was used to confirm separation of the eight sources and model validation was achieved by measurement of source samples not included in the model development with an error of <10%. Application of FluorMod to surface waters of streams within the Neuse River Basin showed that while >70% of DON was attributed to natural sources, nonpoint sources, such as soil and poultry litter leachates and street runoff, accounted for the remaining 30%. This result was consistent with changes in land use from urbanized Raleigh metropolitan area to the largely agricultural Southeastern coastal plain. Overall, the predicted fraction of nonpoint DON sources was consistent with previous reports of increased organic N inputs in this river basin, which are suspected of impacting the water quality of its estuary. DA - 2016/7/25/ PY - 2016/7/25/ DO - 10.1021/acs.est.6b00053 VL - 50 IS - 16 SP - 8473-8484 J2 - Environ. Sci. Technol. LA - en OP - SN - 0013-936X 1520-5851 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b00053 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - ParkIndex: Development of a standardized metric of park access for research and planning AU - Kaczynski, Andrew T. AU - Schipperijn, Jasper AU - Hipp, J. Aaron AU - Besenyi, Gina M. AU - Wilhelm Stanis, Sonja A. AU - Hughey, S. Morgan AU - Wilcox, Sara T2 - Preventive Medicine AB - A lack of comprehensive and standardized metrics for measuring park exposure limits park-related research and health promotion efforts. This study aimed to develop and demonstrate an empirically-derived and spatially-represented index of park access (ParkIndex) that would allow researchers, planners, and citizens to evaluate the potential for park use for a given area.Data used for developing ParkIndex were collected in 2010 in Kansas City, Missouri (KCMO). Adult study participants (n=891) reported whether they used a park within the past month, and all parks in KCMO were mapped and audited using ArcGIS 9.3 and the Community Park Audit Tool. Four park summary variables - distance to nearest park, and the number of parks, amount of park space, and average park quality index within 1mile were analyzed in relation to park use using logistic regression. Coefficients for significant park summary variables were used to create a raster surface (ParkIndex) representing the probability of park use for all 100m×100m cells in KCMO.Two park summary variables were positively associated with park use - the number of parks and the average park quality index within 1 mile. The ParkIndex probability of park use across all cells in KCMO ranged from 17 to 77 out of 100.ParkIndex represents a standardized metric of park access that combines elements of both park availability and quality, which was developed empirically and can be represented spatially. This tool has both practical and conceptual significance for researchers and professionals in diverse disciplines. DA - 2016/6// PY - 2016/6// DO - 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.02.012 VL - 87 SP - 110-114 J2 - Preventive Medicine LA - en OP - SN - 0091-7435 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.02.012 DB - Crossref KW - Parks KW - Built environment KW - Planning KW - Measurement ER - TY - JOUR TI - Paleotopography and erosion rates in the central Hangay Dome, Mongolia: Landscape evolution since the mid-Miocene AU - Smith, Stephen G. AU - Wegmann, Karl W. AU - Ancuta, Leonard D. AU - Gosse, John C. AU - Hopkins, Chelsea E. T2 - JOURNAL OF ASIAN EARTH SCIENCES AB - Standing over 2 km above the surrounding topography and flanked by orogen-scale strike-slip faults, the Hangay Dome in central Mongolia is characterized by long wavelength high topography, basaltic eruptions spanning 30 million years, and an abundance of flat-topped summit plateaus. However, despite decades of research, the origin and timing of the intraplate Hangay Dome uplift continues to be debated. Using Landsat imagery, GIS, and cosmogenic beryllium-10, we employ geomorphic investigations of (1) paleotopography preserved beneath basalt flows of known age, (2) erosion rates at various temporal scales, and (3) the relative contribution of glacial activity to total erosion to provide insight into the nature of landscape evolution in the Egiin Davaa region of the central Hangay Dome since the middle Miocene. Reconstruction of paleo-valleys cut into Paleozoic basement rock that exhibit a degree of local relief (>600 m) similar to the modern landscape, sluggish mean erosion rates (<45 m Myr−1), and dominance of glacial erosion suggest that there has been no dramatic change in tectonic forcing of the study area since ∼13 Ma, and that high amplitude climate oscillations beginning in the Pliocene have led to an environment influenced primarily by the activity of glaciers. These results provide support for uplift onset during the Oligocene or early Miocene, quantify landscape evolution since the middle Miocene, and underscore the importance of considering geomorphic archives found on Earth’s surface when building models of intra-continental epeirogeny. DA - 2016/8/1/ PY - 2016/8/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.jseaes.2016.05.013 VL - 125 SP - 37-57 SN - 1878-5786 KW - Hangay Mountains KW - Khangay Mountains KW - Erosion rates KW - Cosmogenic beryllium-10 KW - Paleogeomorphology ER - TY - JOUR TI - Habitat use by adult red wolves, Canis rufus, in an agricultural landscape, North Carolina, USA AU - Karlin, M. AU - Vaclavik, T. AU - Chadwick, J. AU - Meentemeyer, Ross K. T2 - Mammal Study AB - We used a species distribution model to characterize habitat use by red wolves, Canis rufus, on the Albemarle Peninsula of North Carolina, USA. Using more than 4,000 VHF telemetry locations of 178 individual animals from 1999–2008, we quantified habitat use and modeled potential habitat suitability of red wolves. Areas of agriculture where secondary road density was high (up to 1 km/km2) and human population density was low (less than 1.67 individuals/km2) were most suitable. Our study supports the baseline knowledge of red wolf suitable habitat, and shows that red wolves will use habitats altered by humans and occupied by humans at low densities. This research represents the use of the most comprehensive red wolf VHF telemetry dataset for habitat suitability modeling to date, and the results should contribute to the growing knowledge of suitable red wolf habitat. This knowledge is critical to identifying future reintroduction sites and protecting the future of this species. DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// DO - 10.3106/041.041.0206 VL - 41 IS - 2 SP - 87–95 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluating an Action Threshold-Based Insecticide Program on Onion Cultivars Varying in Resistance to Onion Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) AU - Nault, Brian A. AU - Huseth, Anders S. T2 - Journal of Economic Entomology AB - Onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is a highly destructive pest of onion, Allium cepa L., and its management relies on multiple applications of foliar insecticides. Development of insecticide resistance is common in T. tabaci populations, and new strategies are needed to relax existing levels of insecticide use, but still provide protection against T. tabaci without compromising marketable onion yield. An action threshold-based insecticide program combined with or without a thrips-resistant onion cultivar was investigated as an improved approach for managing T. tabaci infestations in commercial onion fields. Regardless of cultivar type, the average number of insecticide applications needed to manage T. tabaci infestations in the action-threshold based program was 4.3, while the average number of sprays in the standard weekly program was 7.2 (a 40% reduction). The mean percent reduction in numbers of applications following the action threshold treatment in the thrips-resistant onion cultivar, 'Advantage', was 46.7% (range 40-50%) compared with the standard program, whereas the percentage reduction in applications in action threshold treatments in the thrips-susceptible onion cultivar, 'Santana', was 34.3% (range 13-50%) compared with the standard program, suggesting a benefit of the thrips-resistant cultivar. Marketable bulb yields for both 'Advantage' and 'Santana' in the action threshold-based program were nearly identical to those in the standard program, indicating that commercially acceptable bulb yields will be generated with fewer insecticide sprays following an action threshold-based program, saving money, time and benefiting the environment. DA - 2016/6/21/ PY - 2016/6/21/ DO - 10.1093/jee/tow112 VL - 109 IS - 4 SP - 1772-1778 J2 - J Econ Entomol LA - en OP - SN - 0022-0493 1938-291X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/tow112 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Characterizing Themed Touring Routes: A Geospatial and Tourism Evaluation of Wine Trails AU - Xu, Shuangyu AU - Leung, Yu-Fai AU - Barbieri, Carla T2 - TOURISM PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT AB - Wine trails have been the most commonly developed type of Themed Touring Routes (TTRs) around the world during the past decade. Despite such development, limited studies have examined their geospatial or tourism characteristics reducing marketing and managerial efficacy. To address this gap, this study measured six geospatial and tourism attributes of nine wine trails in North Carolina (USA) toward a characterization of TTRs. Results indicated a shared low Connectivity and good Accessibility among study wine trails regardless of their spatial patterns. Tourism-wise, services provided were Comprehensive within wine trails and Complementary across wineries. Results provided managerial intelligence to existing wine trails, such as the need to enhance local road network density and outbalance tourism dominance within trails. Results were also used to develop a geospatial-tourism classification of wine trails which provide managerial intelligence to optimize resources allocation and to shed light on characterizing other types of TTRs. DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// DO - 10.1080/21568316.2015.1074096 VL - 13 IS - 2 SP - 168-184 SN - 2156-8324 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84958913617&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - A Review and Synthesis of Recreation Ecology Research Findings on Visitor Impacts to Wilderness and Protected Natural Areas AU - Marion, Jeffrey L. AU - Leung, Yu-Fai AU - Eagleston, Holly AU - Burroughs, Kaitlin T2 - JOURNAL OF FORESTRY AB - The 50th anniversary of the US Wilderness Act of 1964 presents a worthy opportunity to review our collective knowledge on how recreation visitation affects wilderness and protected natural area resources. Studies of recreation impacts, examined within the recreation ecology field of study, have spanned 80 years and generated more than 1,200 citations. This article examines the recreation ecology literature most relevant to wilderness and backcountry, with a focus on visitor impacts to vegetation, soil, wildlife, and water resources. We also review relationships with influential factors, such as the amount of use, visitor behavior, and vegetation type. An understanding of these impacts and their relationships with influential factors is necessary for land managers seeking to identify acceptable limits of impact or selecting management actions that will effectively avoid or minimize resource impacts. Management and Policy Implications: Outdoor recreation in wilderness and other protected natural areas is an important value and ecosystem service to our society, but visitor activities can also induce undesirable effects to various ecological components and visitor experience. To integrate wilderness protection and recreation objectives, managers require objective information on recreation impacts so they can evaluate the ecological and social significance of impacts as well as their control. This article synthesized recreation ecology research intended for enhancing our understanding of recreation impacts while advancing the practice of visitor impact management. The results suggest that advances in recreation ecology have gone further with vegetation and soil, whereas research on wildlife impacts has gained momentum in recent years. Recreation impacts on water quality remains a less active research area. The body of knowledge on recreation impacts has demonstrated its utility in informing visitor planning, management and education strategies, and actions being implemented in wilderness and other protected natural areas. DA - 2016/5// PY - 2016/5// DO - 10.5849/jof.15-498 VL - 114 IS - 3 SP - 352-362 SN - 1938-3746 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84969579906&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - recreation ecology KW - visitor impacts KW - wilderness recreation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Modeling when, where, and how to manage a forest epidemic, motivated by sudden oak death in California AU - Cunniffe, Nik J. AU - Cobb, Richard C. AU - Meentemeyer, Ross K. AU - Rizzo, David M. AU - Gilligan, Christopher A. T2 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AB - Sudden oak death, caused by Phytophthora ramorum, has killed millions of oak and tanoak in California since its first detection in 1995. Despite some localized small-scale management, there has been no large-scale attempt to slow the spread of the pathogen in California. Here we use a stochastic spatially explicit model parameterized using data on the spread of P. ramorum to investigate whether and how the epidemic can be controlled. We find that slowing the spread of P. ramorum is now not possible, and has been impossible for a number of years. However, despite extensive cryptic (i.e., presymptomatic) infection and frequent long-range transmission, effective exclusion of the pathogen from large parts of the state could, in principle, have been possible were it to have been started by 2002. This is the approximate date by which sufficient knowledge of P. ramorum epidemiology had accumulated for large-scale management to be realistic. The necessary expenditure would have been very large, but could have been greatly reduced by optimizing the radius within which infected sites are treated and careful selection of sites to treat. In particular, we find that a dynamic strategy treating sites on the epidemic wave front leads to optimal performance. We also find that "front loading" the budget, that is, treating very heavily at the start of the management program, would greatly improve control. Our work introduces a framework for quantifying the likelihood of success and risks of failure of management that can be applied to invading pests and pathogens threatening forests worldwide. DA - 2016/5/17/ PY - 2016/5/17/ DO - 10.1073/pnas.1602153113 VL - 113 IS - 20 SP - 5640-5645 SN - 0027-8424 KW - Phytophthora ramorum KW - constrained budget KW - landscape-scale stochastic epidemiological model KW - optimizing disease control KW - risk aversion ER - TY - JOUR TI - Measuring droplet fall speed with a high-speed camera: indoor accuracy and potential outdoor applications AU - Yu, Cheng-Ku AU - Hsieh, Pei-Rong AU - Yuter, Sandra E. AU - Cheng, Lin-Wen AU - Tsai, Chia-Lun AU - Lin, Che-Yu AU - Chen, Ying T2 - ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES AB - Abstract. Acquisition of accurate raindrop fall speed measurements outdoors in natural rain by means of moderate-cost and easy-to-use devices represents a long-standing and challenging issue in the meteorological community. Feasibility experiments were conducted to evaluate the indoor accuracy of fall speed measurements made with a high-speed camera and to evaluate its capability for outdoor applications. An indoor experiment operating in calm conditions showed that the high-speed imaging technique can provide fall speed measurements with a mean error of 4.1–9.7 % compared to Gunn and Kinzer's empirical fall-speed–size relationship for typical sizes of rain and drizzle drops. Results obtained using the same apparatus outside in summer afternoon showers indicated larger positive and negative velocity deviations compared to the indoor measurements. These observed deviations suggest that ambient flow and turbulence play a role in modifying drop fall speeds which can be quantified with future outdoor high-speed camera measurements. Because the fall speed measurements, as presented in this article, are analyzed on the basis of tracking individual, specific raindrops, sampling uncertainties commonly found in the widely adopted optical disdrometers can be significantly mitigated. DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// DO - 10.5194/amt-9-1755-2016 VL - 9 IS - 4 SP - 1755-1766 SN - 1867-8548 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hydrologic Impacts of Municipal Wastewater Irrigation to a Temperate Forest Watershed AU - Birch, Andrew L. AU - Emanuel, Ryan E. AU - James, April L. AU - Nichols, Elizabeth Guthrie T2 - JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AB - Land application of municipal wastewater to managed forests is an important treatment and water reuse technology used globally, but the hydrological processes of these systems are not well characterized for temperate areas with annual rainfall of 1200 mm or greater. This study evaluated the impact of municipal wastewater irrigation to the local water balance at a 3000‐ha land application facility where secondary‐treated wastewater is land applied to a mixed hardwood–pine forest over 900 ha. Stable isotopes of hydrogen ( 2 H) and oxygen ( 18 O), chloride concentrations, and specific conductance were used in combination with hydrometric measurements to estimate the wastewater composition in groundwater, surface water, and at the watershed outlet during dry and wet seasonal periods and during one large rainfall event. Wastewater and water bodies receiving irrigation were found to have significantly higher δ 2 H, δ 18 O, specific conductance, and chloride concentrations. Using these tracers, a two‐component, three‐end member geochemical mixing model estimated mean wastewater compositions in the surficial aquifer receiving irrigation from 47 to 73%. Surface water onsite was found to reflect the high wastewater composition in groundwater. Land‐applied wastewater contributed an estimated 24% of total streamflow, with the highest wastewater compositions in surface water observed during major storm events and at low‐flow conditions. Groundwater and surface water within the watershed were found to have proportionally higher wastewater compositions than expected based on the proportion of irrigation to rainfall received by these areas. Core Ideas Municipal wastewater irrigation to forested lands can substantially alter the local water cycle. An aquifer receiving spray irrigation was found to be largely composed of wastewater (47–73%). Influence of spray irrigation on receiving water bodies varies with respect to flow conditions. DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// DO - 10.2134/jeq2015.11.0577 VL - 45 IS - 4 SP - 1303-1312 SN - 1537-2537 UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000378856400021&KeyUID=WOS:000378856400021 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Agent-based modeling and evolutionary computation for disseminating public advisories about hazardous material emergencies AU - Shafiee, M. Ehsan AU - Berglund, Emily Zechman T2 - COMPUTERS ENVIRONMENT AND URBAN SYSTEMS AB - In the event of a large-scale disaster, an important aspect of humanitarian logistics is the distribution of information or warnings to the affected population. This research develops the problem formulation and solution approach for a specific routing for relief problem, in which warnings should be disseminated to an affected community, using public announcement systems mounted on emergency vehicles. The problem statement is formulated to maximize the number of individuals of a community who are protected. An evolutionary algorithm framework is developed by coupling an agent-based model with a variable-length genetic algorithm to route emergency vehicles. The dynamics of interactions among consumers, emergency vehicles, and the spatiotemporal trajectory of the hazard are simulated using an agent-based modeling approach, and a variable-length genetic algorithm approach selects routes to warn a maximum number of consumers before they are affected by the emergency. The example that is explored in this research is contamination of a water distribution network. A fleet of emergency vehicles is equipped with public address systems and is deployed to warn consumers to stop using contaminated water. The framework is demonstrated for an illustrative virtual city, Mesopolis. The results of the evolutionary algorithm framework are compared with two conventional routing optimization approaches, including a covering tour problem approach and a manual routing approach, for four contamination scenarios. The evolutionary algorithm can be applied to route emergency service vehicles to broadcast information for other emergencies, such as flash flooding, hazardous materials incidents, and severe weather. DA - 2016/5// PY - 2016/5// DO - 10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2016.01.001 VL - 57 SP - 12-25 SN - 1873-7587 KW - Variable-length genetic algorithm KW - Agent-based model KW - Water distribution network KW - Water contamination events KW - Vehicle routing for relief problem KW - Covering tour problem KW - Complex adaptive system KW - Route alert ER - TY - JOUR TI - Accounting for residential propagule pressure improves prediction of urban plant invasion AU - Davis, Amy J. S. AU - Singh, Kunwar K. AU - Thill, Jean-Claude AU - Meentemeyer, Ross K. T2 - ECOSPHERE AB - Abstract Plant invasions substantially impact the ecosystem services provided by forests in urbanizing regions. Knowing where invasion risk is greatest helps target early detection and eradication efforts, but developing an accurate predictive model of invasive species presence and spread on the basis of habitat suitability remains a challenge due to spatial variation in propagule pressure (the number of individuals released) which is likely conflated with suitability. In addition to neighborhood propagule pressure that originates with propagules dispersing from naturalized populations within invaded habitats, we expect residential propagule pressure arising from the widespread use of exotic plants in the yards of single‐family residences to be an important driver of invasions, and to notably improve the predictive accuracy of species distribution models ( SDM s). To this end, we collected presence/absence data for a widespread forest invader, Ligustrum sinense (Chinese privet) , from 400 stratified random plots located along an urban gradient across the Charlotte, North Carolina metropolitan area. We assessed the relative contribution of residential propagule pressure and neighborhood propagule pressure to improving the predictive performance of a probit SDM for Chinese privet that only contains environmental predictors. Our results indicate that, although the environment‐only model predicted the highest geographic area to be at risk of invasion by privet, it also had the highest rate of failure to accurately predict observed privet occurrences as indicated by the omission (incorrectly predicted absence) and commission (incorrectly predicted presence) error rates. Accounting for residential propagule pressure substantially improved model performance by reducing the omission error by nearly 50%, thereby improving upon the ability of the model to predict privet invasion in suboptimal habitat. Given that this increase in detection was accompanied by a decrease in the geographic area predicted at risk, we conclude that SDM s for invasive exotic shrubs and potentially for other synanthropic generalist plants may be highly inefficient when residential propagule pressure is not accounted for. Accounting for residential propagule pressure in models of invasive plants results in a more focused and accurate prediction of the area at risk, thus enabling decision makers to feasibly prioritize regional scale monitoring and control efforts. DA - 2016/3// PY - 2016/3// DO - 10.1002/ecs2.1232 VL - 7 IS - 3 SP - SN - 2150-8925 KW - Chinese privet KW - force of invasion KW - generalist invader KW - habitat suitability model KW - human-mediated invasion pressure KW - invasive shrub KW - Ligustrum sinense KW - plant invasion KW - propagule pressure KW - species distribution model KW - urban forest ER - TY - JOUR TI - Watershed memory at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory: The effect of past precipitation and storage on hydrologic response AU - Nippgen, Fabian AU - McGlynn, Brian L. AU - Emanuel, Ryan E. AU - Vose, James M. T2 - WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH AB - Abstract The rainfall‐runoff response of watersheds is affected by the legacy of past hydroclimatic conditions. We examined how variability in precipitation affected streamflow using 21 years of daily streamflow and precipitation data from five watersheds at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in southwestern North Carolina, USA. The gauged watersheds contained both coniferous and deciduous vegetation, dominant north and south aspects, and differing precipitation magnitudes. Lag‐correlations between precipitation and runoff ratios across a range of temporal resolutions indicated strong influence of past precipitation (i.e., watershed memory). At all time‐scales, runoff ratios strongly depended on the precipitation of previous time steps. At monthly time scales, the influence of past precipitation was detectable for up to 7 months. At seasonal time scales, the previous season had a greater effect on a season's runoff ratio than the same season's precipitation. At annual time scales, the previous year was equally important for a year's runoff ratio than the same year's precipitation. Estimated watershed storage through time and specifically the previous year's storage state was strongly correlated with the residuals of a regression between annual precipitation and annual runoff, partially explaining observed variability in annual runoff in watersheds with deep soils. This effect was less pronounced in the steepest watershed that also contained shallow soils. We suggest that the location of a watershed on a nonlinear watershed‐scale storage‐release curve can explain differences in runoff during growing and dormant season between watersheds with different annual evapotranspiration. DA - 2016/3// PY - 2016/3// DO - 10.1002/2015wr018196 VL - 52 IS - 3 SP - 1673-1695 SN - 1944-7973 UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000374706300007&KeyUID=WOS:000374706300007 KW - watershed KW - water balance KW - storage KW - watershed memory KW - Coweeta KW - precipitation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Variability in isotopic composition of base flow in two headwater streams of the southern Appalachians AU - Singh, Nitin K. AU - Emanuel, Ryan E. AU - McGlynn, Brian L. T2 - WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH AB - Abstract We investigated the influence of hillslope scale topographic characteristics and the relative position of hillslopes along streams (i.e., internal catchment structure) on the isotopic composition of base flow in first‐order, forested headwater streams at Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory. The study focused on two adjacent forested catchments with different topographic characteristics. We used stable isotopes ( 18 O and 2 H) of water together with stream gauging and geospatial analysis to evaluate relationships between internal catchment structure and the spatiotemporal variability of base flow δ 18 O. Base flow δ 18 O was variable in space and time along streams, and the temporal variability of base flow δ 18 O declined with increasing drainage area. Base flow became enriched in 18 O moving along streams from channel heads to catchment outlets but the frequency of enrichment varied between catchments. The spatiotemporal variability in base flow δ 18 O was high adjacent to large hillslopes with short flow paths, and it was positively correlated with the relative arrangement of hillslopes within the catchment. These results point to influence of unique arrangement of hillslopes on the patterns of downstream enrichment. Spatial variability in base flow δ 18 O within the streams was relatively low during dry and wet conditions, but it was higher during the transition period between dry and wet conditions. These results suggest that the strength of topographic control on the isotopic composition of base flow can vary with catchment wetness. This study highlights that topographic control on base flow generation and isotopic composition is important even at fine spatial scales. DA - 2016/6// PY - 2016/6// DO - 10.1002/2015wr018463 VL - 52 IS - 6 SP - 4264-4279 SN - 1944-7973 UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000380100200004&KeyUID=WOS:000380100200004 KW - runoff generation KW - forested catchments KW - stable isotopes of water KW - catchment structure KW - hillslope-scale topography ER - TY - JOUR TI - Quantifying the fate of agricultural nitrogen in an unconfined aquifer: Stream-based observations at three measurement scales AU - Gilmore, Troy E. AU - Genereux, David P. AU - Solomon, D. Kip AU - Solder, John E. AU - Kimball, Briant A. AU - Mitasova, Helena AU - Birgand, Francois T2 - WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH AB - Abstract We compared three stream‐based sampling methods to study the fate of nitrate in groundwater in a coastal plain watershed: point measurements beneath the streambed, seepage blankets (novel seepage‐meter design), and reach mass‐balance. The methods gave similar mean groundwater seepage rates into the stream (0.3–0.6 m/d) during two 3–4 day field campaigns despite an order of magnitude difference in stream discharge between the campaigns. At low flow, estimates of flow‐weighted mean nitrate concentrations in groundwater discharge ([ ] FWM ) and nitrate flux from groundwater to the stream decreased with increasing degree of channel influence and measurement scale, i.e., [ ] FWM was 654, 561, and 451 µ M for point, blanket, and reach mass‐balance sampling, respectively. At high flow the trend was reversed, likely because reach mass‐balance captured inputs from shallow transient high‐nitrate flow paths while point and blanket measurements did not. Point sampling may be better suited to estimating aquifer discharge of nitrate, while reach mass‐balance reflects full nitrate inputs into the channel (which at high flow may be more than aquifer discharge due to transient flow paths, and at low flow may be less than aquifer discharge due to channel‐based nitrate removal). Modeling dissolved N 2 from streambed samples suggested (1) about half of groundwater nitrate was denitrified prior to discharge from the aquifer, and (2) both extent of denitrification and initial nitrate concentration in groundwater (700–1300 µ M ) were related to land use, suggesting these forms of streambed sampling for groundwater can reveal watershed spatial relations relevant to nitrate contamination and fate in the aquifer. DA - 2016/3// PY - 2016/3// DO - 10.1002/2015wr017599 VL - 52 IS - 3 SP - 1961-1983 SN - 1944-7973 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84977952435&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - unconfined aquifer KW - nonpoint source nitrogen KW - groundwater contamination KW - coastal plain KW - denitrification KW - hyphoreic zone ER - TY - JOUR TI - Parallel Evolutionary Algorithm for Designing Water Distribution Networks to Minimize Background Leakage AU - Shafiee, M. Ehsan AU - Berglund, Andrew AU - Berglund, Emily Zechman AU - Brill, E. Downey, Jr. AU - Mahinthakumar, G. T2 - Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management AB - Leaks in water distribution systems waste energy and water resources, increase damage to infrastructure, and may allow contamination of potable water. This research develops an evolutionary algorithm-based approach to minimize the cost of water loss, new infrastructure, and operations that reduce background leakage. A new design approach is introduced that minimizes capital and operational costs, including energy and water loss costs. Design decisions identify a combination of infrastructure improvements, including pipe replacement and valve installment, and operation rules for tanks and pumps. Solution approaches are developed to solve both a single-objective and multiobjective problem formulation. A genetic algorithm and a nondominated sorting genetic algorithm are implemented within a high-performance computing platform to select tank sizes, pump placement and operations, placement of pressure-reducing valves, and pipe diameters for replacing pipes. The evolutionary algorithm approaches identify solutions that minimize water loss due to leakage, operational costs, and capital costs, while maintaining pressure at nodes and operational feasibility for tanks and pumps. Solutions are compared to identify a recommended design. The framework is demonstrated to redesign a water distribution system for an illustrative case study, C-Town. DA - 2016/5// PY - 2016/5// DO - 10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000601 VL - 142 IS - 5 SP - J2 - J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. LA - en OP - SN - 0733-9496 1943-5452 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000601 DB - Crossref KW - Genetic algorithm KW - NSGA-II KW - Parallel programming KW - Water distribution system leak management KW - Battle of background leakage assessment for water networks ER - TY - JOUR TI - Adaptation and Evaluation of the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale in India (NEWS-India) AU - Adlakha, Deepti AU - Hipp, J. AU - Brownson, Ross T2 - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health AB - Physical inactivity is the fourth leading risk factor for global mortality, with most of these deaths occurring in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) like India. Research from developed countries has consistently demonstrated associations between built environment features and physical activity levels of populations. The development of culturally sensitive and reliable measures of the built environment is a necessary first step for accurate analysis of environmental correlates of physical activity in LMICs. This study systematically adapted the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale (NEWS) for India and evaluated aspects of test-retest reliability of the adapted version among Indian adults. Cultural adaptation of the NEWS was conducted by Indian and international experts. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with local residents and key informants in the city of Chennai, India. At baseline, participants (N = 370; female = 47.2%) from Chennai completed the adapted NEWS-India surveys on perceived residential density, land use mix-diversity, land use mix-access, street connectivity, infrastructure and safety for walking and cycling, aesthetics, traffic safety, and safety from crime. NEWS-India was administered for a second time to consenting participants (N = 62; female = 53.2%) with a gap of 2-3 weeks between successive administrations. Qualitative findings demonstrated that built environment barriers and constraints to active commuting and physical activity behaviors intersected with social ecological systems. The adapted NEWS subscales had moderate to high test-retest reliability (ICC range 0.48-0.99). The NEWS-India demonstrated acceptable measurement properties among Indian adults and may be a useful tool for evaluation of built environment attributes in India. Further adaptation and evaluation in rural and suburban settings in India is essential to create a version that could be used throughout India. DA - 2016/4/2/ PY - 2016/4/2/ DO - 10.3390/ijerph13040401 VL - 13 IS - 4 SP - 401 J2 - IJERPH LA - en OP - SN - 1660-4601 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13040401 DB - Crossref KW - India KW - walkability KW - built environment KW - physical activity KW - measurement ER - TY - JOUR TI - A MARKOV-SWITCHING MODEL FOR HEAT WAVES AU - Shaby, Benjamin A. AU - Reich, Brian J. AU - Cooley, Daniel AU - Kaufman, Cari G. T2 - ANNALS OF APPLIED STATISTICS AB - Heat waves merit careful study because they inflict severe economic and societal damage. We use an intuitive, informal working definition of a heat wave—a persistent event in the tail of the temperature distribution—to motivate an interpretable latent state extreme value model. A latent variable with dependence in time indicates membership in the heat wave state. The strength of the temporal dependence of the latent variable controls the frequency and persistence of heat waves. Within each heat wave, temperatures are modeled using extreme value distributions, with extremal dependence across time accomplished through an extreme value Markov model. One important virtue of interpretability is that model parameters directly translate into quantities of interest for risk management, so that questions like whether heat waves are becoming longer, more severe or more frequent are easily answered by querying an appropriate fitted model. We demonstrate the latent state model on two recent, calamitous, examples: the European heat wave of 2003 and the Russian heat wave of 2010. DA - 2016/3// PY - 2016/3// DO - 10.1214/15-aoas873 VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - 74-93 SN - 1932-6157 KW - Latent state KW - extremes KW - generalized Pareto distribution KW - extremal dependence ER - TY - JOUR TI - Use of Bayesian Inference in Crystallographic Structure Refinement via Full Diffraction Profile Analysis AU - Fancher, Chris M. AU - Han, Zhen AU - Levin, Igor AU - Page, Katharine AU - Reich, Brian J. AU - Smith, Ralph C. AU - Wilson, Alyson G. AU - Jones, Jacob L. T2 - Scientific Reports AB - A Bayesian inference method for refining crystallographic structures is presented. The distribution of model parameters is stochastically sampled using Markov chain Monte Carlo. Posterior probability distributions are constructed for all model parameters to properly quantify uncertainty by appropriately modeling the heteroskedasticity and correlation of the error structure. The proposed method is demonstrated by analyzing a National Institute of Standards and Technology silicon standard reference material. The results obtained by Bayesian inference are compared with those determined by Rietveld refinement. Posterior probability distributions of model parameters provide both estimates and uncertainties. The new method better estimates the true uncertainties in the model as compared to the Rietveld method. DA - 2016/8// PY - 2016/8// DO - 10.1038/SREP31625 VL - 6 IS - 1 J2 - Sci Rep LA - en OP - SN - 2045-2322 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/SREP31625 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Urban Vegetative Cover Fragmentation in the US Associations With Physical Activity and BMI AU - Tsai, Wei-Lun AU - Floyd, Myron F. AU - Leung, Yu-Fai AU - McHale, Melissa R. AU - Reich, Brian J. T2 - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AB - Introduction Urban vegetative cover provides a range of ecosystem services including contributions to human health and well-being. Urbanization exerts tremendous pressure on this natural resource, causing fragmentation and loss of urban greenspace. This study aimed to examine associations between vegetative cover fragmentation and physical activity and BMI at the county scale in the U.S. metropolitan statistical areas greater than 1 million in population. Methods National Land Cover Database 2006 and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2008 provided land cover and human health data, respectively. Analyses were performed in 2013 at the county scale where the health data were reported. Spearman rank correlation and stepwise and hierarchical regression models were applied to estimate relationships between land cover and health variables. Results After controlling for median household income and race, greater forest edge density (β=0.272, p<0.05) and larger size of herbaceous patches (β=0.261, p<0.01) were associated with a higher percentage of participation in physical activity within counties. More connections between forest and developed area (β=0.37, p<0.01) and greater edge density of shrubland (β=0.646, p<0.001) were positively associated with a higher percentage of normal BMI (<25) within counties. Conclusions Forest land cover and some degree of fragmentation are associated with population physical activity. Future studies should examine how built environments and varying land cover configurations influence physical activity and weight status. DA - 2016/4// PY - 2016/4// DO - 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.09.022 VL - 50 IS - 4 SP - 509-517 SN - 1873-2607 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84961144121&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Effects of 2D and 3D Imagery and an Educational Message on Perceptions of Trail Impacts AU - Leung, Yu-Fai AU - Smith, Jordan W. AU - Seekamp, Erin AU - Conlon, Katharine AU - Mayer, Jessica E. AU - Guo, Tian AU - Walden-Schreiner, Chelsey AU - Adams, Brendan AU - Keane, Rosemary T2 - NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL AB - The method of experiencing recreational resources, whether it be through on-site participation in an activity or viewing an image of the resource, might directly affect an individual's preference for, and evaluation of, those resources. In this research note, we explore the effect of three-dimensional (3D) displays, which are now widely available to consumer markets, on an individual's perceptions of degraded trail conditions. We also explore the hypothesis that viewing an educational message about responsible hiking behavior influences perceptions of trail conditions. The effects of imagery type and the educational message were tested through experimentally varying types of trail impacts (muddiness and erosion) and impact severity (minimal and severe) across 20 images presented to individuals in a controlled laboratory setting on a 60-inch, 3D capable LCD monitor. Results indicate neither the use of 3D imagery nor the presence of an educational message had a significant main effect on perceptions of trail degradation, but significant two-way interaction effects between image type and impact type on perceptions were identified. Perceptions of trail impacts were significantly different across impact type and severity level. These findings suggest the utility of 3D imagery in perception studies might be restricted to certain impact types (e.g., erosion); the findings also raise concerns over the efficacy of educational materials. DA - 2016/1// PY - 2016/1// DO - 10.3375/043.036.0115 VL - 36 IS - 1 SP - 88-92 SN - 2162-4399 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84955473093&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - environmental education KW - recreation ecology KW - stereoscopic imagery ER - TY - JOUR TI - Temporal soundscape patterns and processes in an estuarine reserve AU - Ricci, Shannon W. AU - Eggleston, David B. AU - Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne R. AU - Lillis, Ashlee T2 - MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES AB - MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 550:25-38 (2016) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11724 Temporal soundscape patterns and processes in an estuarine reserve Shannon W. Ricci1,*, David B. Eggleston1,2, DelWayne R. Bohnenstiehl1, Ashlee Lillis1,3 1Department of Marine, Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8208, USA 2Center for Marine Sciences and Technology, North Carolina State University, Morehead City, North Carolina 28557, USA 3Present address: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA *Corresponding author: swbrown@ncsu.edu ABSTRACT: Underwater acoustic recordings can be used to measure the distribution and activity of sound-producing species and investigate variability in the physical and biological characteristics of marine ecosystems. This study characterized the summer soundscape of a coastal estuarine reserve, Middle Marsh, near Beaufort Inlet, North Carolina, USA. Passive recorders were deployed at 8 sites, within a mixture of seagrass, saltmarsh, oyster reef and soft-bottom habitats, and sampled for 2 min every 20 min between June and August 2014. Sound pressure levels (SPLs) in a high-frequency band (7-43 kHz) exhibited a periodicity of once per day, being 11 dB higher during the nighttime. This pattern is correlated with snapping shrimp sounds, with an average excess of ~12% more snaps detected at night. The same analysis for SPLs in a low-frequency band (150-1500 Hz) revealed a periodicity of twice per day, with diurnal sound levels varying by up to 29 dB. Temporal variability in the low-frequency soundscape is correlated with fish chorusing, as well as tidal water level, which may influence both the presence and absence of fish and the propagation of sound in the water column. The greatest SPLs are observed in association with periods of high biological activity during nighttime high tides. Sampling marine animals and their activities over ecologically relevant time scales is challenging using conventional techniques (trawls and throw traps) within complex shallow water habitats, particularly at night. Soundscape monitoring provides an additional method to assess spatiotemporal variation in essential fish habitat use within a complex mosaic of habitat types. KEY WORDS: Passive acoustics · Habitat-related sound · Soundscapes · Estuarine habitats Full text in pdf format Supplementary material PreviousNextCite this article as: Ricci SW, Eggleston DB, Bohnenstiehl DR, Lillis A (2016) Temporal soundscape patterns and processes in an estuarine reserve. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 550:25-38. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11724 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 550. Online publication date: May 25, 2016 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2016 Inter-Research. DA - 2016/5/25/ PY - 2016/5/25/ DO - 10.3354/meps11724 VL - 550 SP - 25-38 SN - 1616-1599 KW - Passive acoustics KW - Habitat-related sound KW - Soundscapes KW - Estuarine habitats ER - TY - JOUR TI - Public perceptions of water shortages, conservation behaviors, and support for water reuse in the US AU - Garcia-Cuerva, Laura AU - Berglund, Emily Z. AU - Binder, Andrew R. T2 - RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING AB - Reclaimed water programs treat wastewater to remove hazardous compounds, pathogens, and organic matter and provide reclaimed water for non-potable applications. Reusing water may significantly reduce demands on freshwater resources and provide sustainable water management strategies. Though production of reclaimed water is highly regulated, public acceptability has historically hindered the implementation of successful reclaimed water systems. The public generally opposes the use of reclaimed water due to the “yuck factor”, which is the instinctive disgust associated with the idea of recycling sewage and the fear that exposure to reclaimed water is unsafe. This paper reports the results of an extensive survey that was conducted to evaluate the potential acceptability of reclaimed water use. A total of 2800 respondents across the U.S. participated in the survey. Results demonstrate that a small percentage of the population is concerned about water shortages, the majority of the population practices some level of water conservation, and a substantial percentage of the population supports the use of reclaimed water. Climate, demographic variables, and financial incentives were tested for influence on attitudes and behaviors regarding water, including awareness, conservation, and support for water reuse. Sex, age, last monthly water bill, and location (as EPA region) showed no significant effect on the acceptance of water reuse, while ethnicity, education level, metro/non metro, and income showed significant effects. Drought conditions do not have a statistically significant effect on the number of reclaimed water supporters, but increase the number of respondents who are water concerned, the number of respondents who are the most active water conservers, and the number of respondents who limit their use of water for lawn and garden watering. Financial incentives influence the willingness of respondents to participate in water reuse programs, and a decrease in the monthly water bills increased the likelihood that respondents would participate in a reclaimed water program. Support for the use of reclaimed water for various applications ranked positively, on average, except for the application of water reuse for food crop irrigation and use of reclaimed water at respondents’ own residences. Results and conclusions of the survey can provide insight for implementing successful reclaimed water programs. DA - 2016/10// PY - 2016/10// DO - 10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.06.006 VL - 113 SP - 106-115 SN - 1879-0658 KW - Public opinion KW - Water conservation KW - Water reuse KW - Water shortage KW - Yuck factor KW - Survey ER - TY - JOUR TI - Identification of dominant source of errors in developing streamflow and groundwater projections under near-term climate change AU - Seo, S. B. AU - Sinha, T. AU - Mahinthakumar, G. AU - Sankarasubramanian, A. AU - Kumar, M. T2 - JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES AB - Abstract Uncertainties in projecting the changes in hydroclimatic variables (i.e., temperature and precipitation) under climate change partly arises from the inability of global circulation models (GCMs) in explaining the observed changes in hydrologic variables. Apart from the unexplained changes by GCMs, the process of customizing GCM projections to watershed scale through a model chain—spatial downscaling, temporal disaggregation, and hydrologic model—also introduces errors, thereby limiting the ability to explain the observed changes in hydrologic variability. Toward this, we first propose metrics for quantifying the errors arising from different steps in the model chain in explaining the observed changes in hydrologic variables (streamflow and groundwater). The proposed metrics are then evaluated using a detailed retrospective analyses in projecting the changes in streamflow and groundwater attributes in four target basins that span across a diverse hydroclimatic regimes over the U.S. Sunbelt. Our analyses focused on quantifying the dominant sources of errors in projecting the changes in eight hydrologic variables—mean and variability of seasonal streamflow, mean and variability of 3 day peak seasonal streamflow, mean and variability of 7 day low seasonal streamflow, and mean and standard deviation of groundwater depth—over four target basins using an Penn state Integrated Hydrologic Model (PIHM) between the period 1956–1980 and 1981–2005. Retrospective analyses show that small/humid (large/arid) basins show increased (reduced) uncertainty in projecting the changes in hydrologic attributes. Further, changes in error due to GCMs primarily account for the unexplained changes in mean and variability of seasonal streamflow. On the other hand, the changes in error due to temporal disaggregation and hydrologic model account for the inability to explain the observed changes in mean and variability of seasonal extremes. Thus, the proposed metrics provide insights on how the error in explaining the observed changes being propagated through the model under different hydroclimatic regimes. DA - 2016/7/16/ PY - 2016/7/16/ DO - 10.1002/2016jd025138 VL - 121 IS - 13 SP - 7652-7672 SN - 2169-8996 KW - error decomposition KW - climate change projection KW - dominant source of error KW - GCM ER - TY - JOUR TI - Examining the predictive relationship between personality and emotion traits and students' agent-directed emotions: Towards emotionally-adaptive agent-based learning environments AU - Harley, J. M. AU - Carter, C. K. AU - Papaionnou, N. AU - Bouchet, F. AU - Landis, R. S. AU - Azevedo, R. AU - Karabachian, L. T2 - User Modeling and User-adapted Interaction DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// VL - 26 IS - 2-3 SP - 177-219 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of individual, community, and landscape drivers on the dynamics of a wildland forest epidemic AU - Haas, S. E. AU - Cushman, J. H. AU - Dillon, W. W. AU - Rank, N. E. AU - Rizzo, D. M. AU - Meentemeyer, Ross K. T2 - Ecology AB - The challenges posed by observing host–pathogen–environment interactions across large geographic extents and over meaningful time scales limit our ability to understand and manage wildland epidemics. We conducted a landscape-scale, longitudinal study designed to analyze the dynamics of sudden oak death (an emerging forest disease caused by Phytophthora ramorum) across hierarchical levels of ecological interactions, from individual hosts up to the community and across the broader landscape. From 2004 to 2011, we annually assessed disease status of 732 coast live oak, 271 black oak, and 122 canyon live oak trees in 202 plots across a 275-km2 landscape in central California. The number of infected oak stems steadily increased during the eight-year study period. A survival analysis modeling framework was used to examine which level of ecological heterogeneity best predicted infection risk of susceptible oak species, considering variability at the level of individuals (species identity, stem size), the community (host density, inoculum load, and species richness), and the landscape (seasonal climate variability, habitat connectivity, and topographic gradients). After accounting for unobserved risk shared among oaks in the same plot, survival models incorporating heterogeneity across all three levels better predicted oak infection than did models focusing on only one level. We show that larger oak trees (especially coast live oak) were more susceptible, and that interannual variability in inoculum production by the highly infectious reservoir host, California bay laurel, more strongly influenced disease risk than simply the density of this important host. Concurrently, warmer and wetter rainy-season conditions in consecutive years intensified infection risk, presumably by creating a longer period of inoculum build-up and increased probability of pathogen spillover from bay laurel to oaks. Despite the presence of many alternate host species, we found evidence of pathogen dilution, where less competent hosts in species-rich communities reduce pathogen transmission and overall risk of oak infection. These results identify key parameters driving the dynamics of emerging infectious disease in California woodlands, while demonstrating how multiple levels of ecological heterogeneity jointly determine epidemic trajectories in wildland settings. DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// DO - 10.1890/15-0767 VL - 97 IS - 3 SP - 649–660 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparison of Visual Survey and Mark-Recapture Population Estimates of a Benthic Fish in Hawaii AU - Hain, Ernie F. AU - Lamphere, Bradley A. AU - Blum, Michael J. AU - McIntyre, Peter B. AU - Nelson, Stacy A. C. AU - Gilliam, James F. T2 - TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY AB - Abstract Visual surveys are conducted to rapidly estimate population densities of stream fishes, often without calibration against more established or more widely used methods to determine precision and accuracy or to correct for potential biases. We compared population density estimates from a visual survey (VS) point quadrat method widely used in Hawaii with estimates from “in hand” individual and batch mark–recapture (BMR) methods. Visual survey sampling and individual mark–recapture (IMR) sampling were conducted in three watersheds that represent gradients of land use and prevalence of nonnative poeciliid fishes on the Island of Hawaii. Focusing on adult O‘opu Nākea Awaous stamineus , VSs were conducted prior to IMR events to allow direct comparisons of results independent of location and time. Density estimates of O‘opu Nākea from VS and IMR samplings were strongly correlated, although VS estimates were generally higher and underrepresented exceptionally large fish. Batch mark–recapture estimates of O‘opu Nākea densities were conducted for comparison with VSs at 13 sites across the archipelago. Estimates of VSs were not significantly different from BMR estimates. Estimates of VSs also exhibited less variance than did BMR estimates across sites. General linear models showed that the relationship between VS and IMR estimates varied significantly among watersheds but not seasons and that land use was associated with a greater mismatch between VS and BMR estimates of population density. These findings indicate that visual surveys using a point quadrat method are an efficient and accurate approach for estimating the abundance of small benthic fishes, such as O‘opu Nākea, in wadeable streams and that obtaining absolute densities or size distributions from VS methods would benefit from a calibration with IMR not BMR estimates. Received July 15, 2015; accepted February 23, 2016 Published online June 29, 2016 DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// DO - 10.1080/00028487.2016.1159610 VL - 145 IS - 4 SP - 878-887 SN - 1548-8659 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Tissue extraction methods for metabolic profiling of a freshwater bivalve, Elliptio complanata (Lightfoot, 1786) AU - Hurley-Sanders, Jennifer L. AU - Stoskopf, Michael K. AU - Nelson, Stacy A. C. AU - Showers, William AU - Mac Law, J. AU - Gracz, Hanna S. AU - Levine, Jay F. T2 - AMERICAN MALACOLOGICAL BULLETIN AB - Much is still unknown about why freshwater mussels (Unionidae) are particularly sensitive to environmental change. A better understanding of freshwater mussel metabolism is needed, and the field of environmental metabolomics holds the promise to inform these questions. A number of protocols exist for the extraction of metabolites for identification from animal tissues. As a first step in the application of environmental metabolomics to the study of freshwater mussels, we compared extraction protocols using an inorganic oxidizing acid (perchloric acid), an organic nitrile (acetonitrile), and a salt/water solution (Ringer's solution) to establish an uncomplicated, robust, repeatable and inexpensive tissue extraction protocol for freshwater mussel tissue. Perchloric acid resulted in notable extraction of energy-related nucleotides (AMP/ADP/ATP), yet had the lowest peak count of the three extraction methods and showed poor repeatability. Acetonitrile and Ringer's solution yielded metabolite extraction results similar to each other with Ringer's solution having the greatest number of peaks particularly in the 3.0–4.5 ppm sugar/amino acid range. Ringer's solution is simple to use, safe and consistent and bears consideration when selecting an extraction protocol for 1H nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. DA - 2016/1// PY - 2016/1// DO - 10.4003/006.033.0209 VL - 33 IS - 2 SP - 185-194 SN - 2162-2698 KW - freshwater bivalve KW - metabolomics KW - NMR KW - nuclear magnetic resonance KW - Ringer's solution ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Curious Acoustic Behavior of Estuarine Snapping Shrimp: Temporal Patterns of Snapping Shrimp Sound in Sub-Tidal Oyster Reef Habitat AU - Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne R. AU - Lillis, Ashlee AU - Eggleston, David B. T2 - PLOS ONE AB - Ocean soundscapes convey important sensory information to marine life. Like many mid-to-low latitude coastal areas worldwide, the high-frequency (>1.5 kHz) soundscape of oyster reef habitat within the West Bay Marine Reserve (36°N, 76°W) is dominated by the impulsive, short-duration signals generated by snapping shrimp. Between June 2011 and July 2012, a single hydrophone deployed within West Bay was programmed to record 60 or 30 seconds of acoustic data every 15 or 30 minutes. Envelope correlation and amplitude information were then used to count shrimp snaps within these recordings. The observed snap rates vary from 1500–2000 snaps per minute during summer to <100 snaps per minute during winter. Sound pressure levels are positively correlated with snap rate (r = 0.71–0.92) and vary seasonally by ~15 decibels in the 1.5–20 kHz range. Snap rates are positively correlated with water temperatures (r = 0.81–0.93), as well as potentially influenced by climate-driven changes in water quality. Light availability modulates snap rate on diurnal time scales, with most days exhibiting a significant preference for either nighttime or daytime snapping, and many showing additional crepuscular increases. During mid-summer, the number of snaps occurring at night is 5–10% more than predicted by a random model; however, this pattern is reversed between August and April, with an excess of up to 25% more snaps recorded during the day in the mid-winter. Diurnal variability in sound pressure levels is largest in the mid-winter, when the overall rate of snapping is at its lowest, and the percentage difference between daytime and nighttime activity is at its highest. This work highlights our lack of knowledge regarding the ecology and acoustic behavior of one of the most dominant soniforous invertebrate species in coastal systems. It also underscores the necessity of long-duration, high-temporal-resolution sampling in efforts to understand the bioacoustics of animal behaviors and associated changes within the marine soundscape. DA - 2016/1/13/ PY - 2016/1/13/ DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0143691 VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - SN - 1932-6203 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Host Phenology and Leaf Effects on Susceptibility of California Bay Laurel to Phytophthora ramorum AU - Johnston, Steven F. AU - Cohen, Michael F. AU - Torok, Tamas AU - Meentemeyer, Ross K. AU - Rank, Nathan E. T2 - PHYTOPATHOLOGY AB - Spread of the plant pathogen Phytophthora ramorum, causal agent of the forest disease sudden oak death, is driven by a few competent hosts that support spore production from foliar lesions. The relationship between traits of a principal foliar host, California bay laurel (Umbellularia californica), and susceptibility to P. ramorum infection were investigated with multiple P. ramorum isolates and leaves collected from multiple trees in leaf-droplet assays. We examined whether susceptibility varies with season, leaf age, or inoculum position. Bay laurel susceptibility was highest during spring and summer and lowest in winter. Older leaves (>1 year) were more susceptible than younger ones (8 to 11 months). Susceptibility was greater at leaf tips and edges than the middle of the leaf. Leaf surfaces wiped with 70% ethanol were more susceptible to P. ramorum infection than untreated leaf surfaces. Our results indicate that seasonal changes in susceptibility of U. californica significantly influence P. ramorum infection levels. Thus, in addition to environmental variables such as temperature and moisture, variability in host plant susceptibility contributes to disease establishment of P. ramorum. DA - 2016/1// PY - 2016/1// DO - 10.1094/phyto-01-15-0016-r VL - 106 IS - 1 SP - 47-55 SN - 1943-7684 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Which Worksite Supports for Healthy Weight Do Employees Use? AU - Tabak, Rachel G. AU - Hipp, J. Aaron AU - Marx, Christine M. AU - Yang, Lin AU - Brownson, Ross C. T2 - ENVIRONMENT AND BEHAVIOR AB - This article explores factors associated with employee use of available supports for improving nutrition and activity behaviors. A cross-sectional telephone survey assessed presence and use of available program, facility, and policy supports. Logistic regression was used to explore associations between job characteristics (e.g., supervising others) and use of available supports, adjusting for demographic characteristics. After adjustment, most supports were associated with at least one job-related factor. Participants supervising others were more likely to utilize eight supports, including personal services for fitness, indoor exercise and shower facilities, and flextime for physical activity. The programs and facilities associated with the most factors were health fairs (e.g., increased likelihood with increased hours worked per week) and indoor exercise and shower facilities (e.g., increased likelihood with increased flexibility at work), respectively. Policies were associated with fewer factors. As use of many programs and facilities differed based on job-related factors, employers might target supports based on job-related factors. DA - 2016/1// PY - 2016/1// DO - 10.1177/0013916515607311 VL - 48 IS - 1 SP - 131-149 SN - 1552-390X UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84954328348&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - workplace health promotion KW - obesity prevention KW - workplace environment and policies KW - physical activity KW - nutrition ER - TY - JOUR TI - Environmental distribution and genetic diversity of vegetative compatibility groups determine biocontrol strategies to mitigate aflatoxin contamination of maize by Aspergillus flavus AU - Atehnkeng, Joseph AU - Donner, Matthias AU - Ojiambo, Peter S. AU - Ikotun, Babatunde AU - Augusto, Joao AU - Cotty, Peter J. AU - Bandyopadhyay, Ranajit T2 - MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AB - Maize infected by aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus flavus may become contaminated with aflatoxins, and as a result, threaten human health, food security and farmers' income in developing countries where maize is a staple. Environmental distribution and genetic diversity of A. flavus can influence the effectiveness of atoxigenic isolates in mitigating aflatoxin contamination. However, such information has not been used to facilitate selection and deployment of atoxigenic isolates. A total of 35 isolates of A. flavus isolated from maize samples collected from three agro-ecological zones of Nigeria were used in this study. Ecophysiological characteristics, distribution and genetic diversity of the isolates were determined to identify vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs). The generated data were used to inform selection and deployment of native atoxigenic isolates to mitigate aflatoxin contamination in maize. In co-inoculation with toxigenic isolates, atoxigenic isolates reduced aflatoxin contamination in grain by > 96%. A total of 25 VCGs were inferred from the collected isolates based on complementation tests involving nitrate non-utilizing (nit(-)) mutants. To determine genetic diversity and distribution of VCGs across agro-ecological zones, 832 nit(-) mutants from 52 locations in 11 administrative districts were paired with one self-complementary nitrate auxotroph tester-pair for each VCG. Atoxigenic VCGs accounted for 81.1% of the 153 positive complementations recorded. Genetic diversity of VCGs was highest in the derived savannah agro-ecological zone (H = 2.61) compared with the southern Guinea savannah (H = 1.90) and northern Guinea savannah (H = 0.94) zones. Genetic richness (H = 2.60) and evenness (E5 = 0.96) of VCGs were high across all agro-ecological zones. Ten VCGs (40%) had members restricted to the original location of isolation, whereas 15 VCGs (60%) had members located between the original source of isolation and a distance > 400 km away. The present study identified widely distributed VCGs in Nigeria such as AV0222, AV3279, AV3304 and AV16127, whose atoxigenic members can be deployed for a region-wide biocontrol of toxigenic isolates to reduce aflatoxin contamination in maize. DA - 2016/1// PY - 2016/1// DO - 10.1111/1751-7915.12324 VL - 9 IS - 1 SP - 75-88 SN - 1751-7915 ER - TY - JOUR TI - California forests show early indications of both range shifts and local persistence under climate change AU - Serra-Diaz, Josep M. AU - Franklin, Janet AU - Dillon, Whalen W. AU - Syphard, Alexandra D. AU - Davis, Frank W. AU - Meentemeyer, Ross K. T2 - GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY AB - Abstract Aim Forest regeneration data provide an early signal of the persistence and migration of tree species, so we investigated whether species shifts due to climate change exhibit a common signal of response or whether changes vary by species. Location California Floristic Province, United States ; mediterranean biome. Methods We related Forest Inventory and Analysis ( FIA ) data from 2000−07 for 13 tree species to high‐resolution climate and geographical data. Using methods from invasion ecology, we derived indices of species‐specific regeneration overlap and central tendency change (range‐wide global indicators) based on kernel density estimation of presence and absence of regeneration. We then built regeneration surfaces to identify areas of occurrence of high regeneration (regeneration hotspots, local indicators) in both geographical and climate space for 13 common tree species. Results Differences between presence and absence of regeneration in forests varied in magnitude across species, with little evidence that tree regeneration is shifting to higher latitudes and elevations, the expected geographical fingerprint of climate change. We also identified potential topographic mediators of regeneration dynamics. Multiple regeneration hotspots were found for many species, suggesting the influence of non‐climatic factors on regeneration. Differences between the presence and absence of regeneration in geographic and climate spaces were not always congruent, suggesting that shifting climate space and range area are not entirely coupled. Main conclusions The distributions of regeneration in Californian forests show diverse signals, not always tracking the higher latitudinal–elevation fingerprint of climate change. Local regeneration hotspots are common in our analysis, suggesting spatially varying persistence of forest linked to natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Our results emphasize that projections of tree range shifts in the context of climate change should consider the variation of regeneration drivers within species ranges, beyond the overall climate signal. DA - 2016/2// PY - 2016/2// DO - 10.1111/geb.12396 VL - 25 IS - 2 SP - 164-175 SN - 1466-8238 KW - California Floristic Province KW - climate change KW - early indicators KW - Forest Inventory and Analysis KW - forests KW - niche overlap KW - range dynamics KW - range shift KW - regeneration niche ER - TY - JOUR TI - Urban stress is associated with variation in microbial species composition-but not richness-in Manhattan AU - Reese, Aspen T. AU - Savage, Amy AU - Youngsteadt, Elsa AU - McGuire, Krista L. AU - Koling, Adam AU - Watkins, Olivia AU - Frank, Steven D. AU - Dunn, Robert R. T2 - ISME JOURNAL AB - The biological diversity and composition of microorganisms influences both human health outcomes and ecological processes; therefore, understanding the factors that influence microbial biodiversity is key to creating healthy, functional landscapes in which to live. In general, biological diversity is predicted to be limited by habitat size, which for green areas is often reduced in cities, and by chronic disturbance (stress). These hypotheses have not previously been tested in microbial systems in direct comparison to macroorganisms. Here we analyzed bacterial, fungal and ant communities in small road medians (average area 0.0008 km(2)) and larger parks (average area 0.64 km(2)) across Manhattan (NYC). Bacterial species richness was not significantly different between medians and parks, but community composition was significantly distinct. In contrast, ant communities differed both in composition and richness with fewer ant species in medians than parks. Fungi showed no significant variation in composition or richness but had few shared taxa between habitats or sites. The diversity and composition of microbes appears less sensitive to habitat patchiness or urban stress than those of macroorganisms. Microbes and their associated ecosystem services and functions may be more resilient to the negative effects of urbanization than has been previously appreciated. DA - 2016/3// PY - 2016/3// DO - 10.1038/ismej.2015.152 VL - 10 IS - 3 SP - 751-760 SN - 1751-7370 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Spatio-temporal reconstruction of missing forest microclimate measurements AU - Tonini, Francesco AU - Dillon, Whalen W. AU - Money, Eric S. AU - Meentemeyer, Ross K. T2 - AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY AB - Scientists and land managers are increasingly monitoring forest microclimate environments to better understand ecosystem processes, such as carbon sequestration and the population dynamics of species. Obtaining reliable time-series measurements of microclimate conditions is often hindered by missing and erroneous values. In this study, we compare spatio-temporal techniques, space–time kriging (probabilistic) and empirical orthogonal functions (deterministic), for reconstructing hourly time series of near-surface air temperature recorded by a dense network of 200 forest understory sensors across a heterogeneous 349 km2 region in northern California. The reconstructed data were also aggregated to daily mean, minimum, and maximum in order to understand the sensitivity of model predictions to temporal scale of measurement. Empirical orthogonal functions performed best at both the hourly and daily time scale. We analyzed several scenarios to understand the effects that spatial coverage and patterns of missing data may have on model accuracy: (a) random reduction of the sample size/density by 25%, 50%, and 75% (spatial coverage); and (b) random removal of either 50% of the data, or three consecutive months of observations at randomly chosen stations (random and seasonal temporal missingness, respectively). Here, space–time kriging was less sensitive to scenarios of spatial coverage, but more sensitive to temporal missingness, with less marked differences between the two approaches when data were aggregated on a daily time scale. This research contextualizes trade-offs between techniques and provides practical guidelines, with free source code, for filling data gaps depending on the spatial density and coverage of measurements. DA - 2016/3/15/ PY - 2016/3/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.11.004 VL - 218 SP - 1-10 SN - 1873-2240 KW - Missing data KW - Spatio-temporal prediction KW - Microclimate sensors KW - Empirical orthogonal functions KW - Near-surface air temperature KW - California ER - TY - JOUR TI - Source-to-sink sedimentary systems and global carbon burial: A river runs through it AU - Leithold, Elana L. AU - Blair, Neal E. AU - Wegmann, Karl W. T2 - EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS AB - Source to sink sedimentary systems are important settings of carbon cycling, serving as sites of carbon transfer between terrestrial and marine reservoirs, and as the primary locations for organic carbon burial on Earth. The age and character of the carbon that is buried at the terminal ends of these systems reflects the sources and transformations of the organic carbon (OC) throughout their linked terrestrial and marine segments. Profound differences are observed between large passive and small active margin systems. Large passive margin systems are characterized by large floodplains and relatively broad shelves where OC has protracted exposure to oxidants. Rapid burial in prograding, subaqueous deltaic clinoforms or bypass to submarine fans, however, leads to high burial efficiency of terrestrial biospheric OC in some passive margin settings. The OC in small active margin systems, in contrast, follows relatively short pathways from headwaters to seabed. This rapid transit, facilitated by the important role of storm-driven transport in such settings, can lead to high OC burial efficiencies. The study of OC sources and transformations in contemporaneous source to sink sedimentary systems informs interpretations about the systems in which OC was buried in the geologic past, their stratigraphic records of environmental change, and their potential to produce petroleum resources. DA - 2016/2// PY - 2016/2// DO - 10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.10.011 VL - 153 SP - 30-42 SN - 1872-6828 KW - Source to sink KW - Organic carbon KW - Carbon cycle ER - TY - JOUR TI - Soundscapes and larval settlement: larval bivalve responses to habitat-associated underwater sounds AU - Eggleston, D. B. AU - Lillis, A. AU - Bohnenstiehl, D. R. T2 - Effects of noise on aquatic life ii DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// VL - 875 SP - 255-263 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Soundscapes and larval settlement: Characterizing the stimulus from a larval perspective AU - Lillis, A. AU - Eggleston, D. B. AU - Bohnenstiehl, D. R. T2 - Effects of noise on aquatic life ii DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// VL - 875 SP - 637-645 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Self-regulated learning processes vary as a function of epistemic beliefs and contexts: Mixed method evidence from eye tracking and concurrent and retrospective reports AU - Trevors, G. AU - Feyzi-Behnagh, R. AU - Azevedo, R. AU - Bouchet, F. T2 - Learning and Instruction DA - 2016/// PY - 2016/// VL - 42 SP - 31-46 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Occupancy estimation for rare species using a spatially-adaptive sampling design AU - Pacifici, Krishna AU - Reich, Brian J. AU - Dorazio, Robert M. AU - Conroy, Michael J. T2 - METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION AB - Summary Spatially clustered populations create unique challenges for conservation monitoring programmes. Advances in methodology typically are focused on either the design or the modelling stage of the study but do not involve integration of both. We integrate adaptive cluster sampling and spatial occupancy modelling by developing two models to handle the dependence induced by cluster sampling. We compare these models to scenarios using simple random sampling and traditional occupancy models via simulation and data collected on a rare plant species, Tamarix ramosissima , found in China. Our simulations show a marked improvement in confidence interval coverage for the new models combined with cluster sampling compared to simple random sampling and traditional occupancy models, with greatest improvement in the presence of low detection probability and spatial correlation in occupancy. Accounting for the design using the simple cluster random‐effects model reduces bias considerably, and full spatial modelling reduces bias further, especially for large n when the spatial covariance parameters can be estimated reliably. Both new models build on the strength of occupancy modelling and adaptive sampling and perform at least as well, and often better, than occupancy modelling alone. We believe our approach is unique and potentially useful for a variety of studies directed at patchily distributed, clustered or rare species exhibiting spatial variation. DA - 2016/3// PY - 2016/3// DO - 10.1111/2041-210x.12499 VL - 7 IS - 3 SP - 285-293 SN - 2041-2096 KW - adaptive cluster sampling KW - informative sampling KW - probit regression KW - rare species KW - spatial regression KW - Tamarix ramosissima ER - TY - JOUR TI - Do configurational attributes matter in context of urban parks? Park pathway configurational attributes and senior walking AU - Zhai, Yujia AU - Baran, Perver Korca T2 - LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING AB - Neighborhood urban parks are easily available settings for seniors to engage in walking. Park pathway characteristics can promote or limit senior walking. The present study examines how four objective measurements of pathway configurational characteristics relate to senior walking in two neighborhood parks in Beijing, China. In total, 75 pathway segments were included in the study. Senior walking behavior was measured through on-site observations, and sum of observed seniors on each pathway segment was the dependent variable. Space syntax approach was used to measure four park pathway configurational characteristics, i.e., average depth to gates, average depth to landmarks, control value, and global integration. In addition, three micro-level pathway characteristics were also included: pathway connection with activity zones, presence of shade, and lateral visibility. Regression analysis indicates that pathway global integration value (degree of syntactic accessibility) and control value (degree of control on accessing neighboring pathways) are positively associated with number of observed seniors on each pathway segment. Moreover, pathways without connection with activity zones are used more by seniors. In design practice, we can distribute preferred micro-level design characteristics, such as shade and benches along pathways with high global integration value and control value, in order to encourage senior walking. DA - 2016/4// PY - 2016/4// DO - 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.12.010 VL - 148 SP - 188-202 SN - 1872-6062 KW - Urban park KW - Pathway KW - Configuration KW - Space syntax KW - Senior walking ER - TY - JOUR TI - Achievable future conditions as a framework for guiding forest conservation and management AU - Golladay, S. W. AU - Martin, K. L. AU - Vose, J. M. AU - Wear, D. N. AU - Covich, A. P. AU - Hobbs, R. J. AU - Klepzig, K. D. AU - Likens, G. E. AU - Naiman, R. J. AU - Shearer, A. W. AU - al., T2 - FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT AB - We contend that traditional approaches to forest conservation and management will be inadequate given the predicted scale of social-economic and biophysical changes in the 21st century. New approaches, focused on anticipating and guiding ecological responses to change, are urgently needed to ensure the full value of forest ecosystem services for future generations. These approaches acknowledge that change is inevitable and sometimes irreversible, and that maintenance of ecosystem services depends in part on novel ecosystems, i.e., species combinations with no analog in the past. We propose that ecological responses be evaluated at landscape or regional scales using risk-based approaches to incorporate uncertainty into forest management efforts with subsequent goals for management based on Achievable Future Conditions (AFC). AFCs defined at a landscape or regional scale incorporate advancements in ecosystem management, including adaptive approaches, resilience, and desired future conditions into the context of the Anthropocene. Inherently forward looking, ACFs encompass mitigation and adaptation options to respond to scenarios of projected future biophysical, social-economic, and policy conditions which distribute risk and provide diversity of response to uncertainty. The engagement of science-management-public partnerships is critical to our risk-based approach for defining AFCs. Robust monitoring programs of forest management actions are also crucial to address uncertainty regarding species distributions and ecosystem processes. Development of regional indicators of response will also be essential to evaluate outcomes of management strategies. Our conceptual framework provides a starting point to move toward AFCs for forest management, illustrated with examples from fire and water management in the Southeastern United States. Our model is adaptive, incorporating evaluation and modification as new information becomes available and as social–ecological dynamics change. It expands on established principles of ecosystem management and best management practices (BMPs) and incorporates scenarios of future conditions. It also highlights the potential limits of existing institutional structures for defining AFCs and achieving them. In an uncertain future of rapid change and abrupt, unforeseen transitions, adjustments in management approaches will be necessary and some actions will fail. However, it is increasingly evident that the greatest risk is posed by continuing to implement strategies inconsistent with current understanding of our novel future. DA - 2016/1/15/ PY - 2016/1/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2015.10.009 VL - 360 SP - 80-96 SN - 1872-7042 KW - Forest management KW - Conservation KW - Ecosystem services KW - Novel ecosystems KW - Achievable future conditions KW - Southeastern United States ER -