TY - RPRT TI - Yakima River Floodplain Mining Impact Study AU - Clark, K. AU - Erickson, S. AU - Knapp, A. AU - Plotnikoff, R. AU - Raforth, R. AU - Wiseman, C. AU - Johnson, C. AU - Norman, D. AU - Wegmann, K. AU - Cummins, J. AU - Easterbrooks, J. AU - Kohr, J. AU - Fast, D. AU - Nicolai, S. AU - Ring, Tom AU - Alvord, J. AU - Kalbfleisch, W. AU - Martinez, N. AU - Irle, O. AU - Reed, K. A3 - Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// M1 - 2004-8 M3 - Open File Report PB - Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources SN - 2004-8 UR - https://www.dnr.wa.gov/Publications/ger_ofr2004-8_yakima_floodplain_mining_impact_text.pdf ER - TY - SOUND TI - Techno-Birds AU - Cooper, C.B. DA - 2004/3// PY - 2004/3// M3 - Featured presentation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bluebirds put their eggs into more than one basket AU - Cooper, C.B. AU - Phillips, T.R. AU - Hochachka, W.M. AU - Dhondt, A.A. T2 - Birdscope DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 18 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Methodology for pH Total Maximum Daily Loads: Application to Beech Creek Watershed AU - Ormsbee, Lindell AU - Elshorbagy, Amin AU - Zechman, Emily T2 - Journal of Environmental Engineering AB - This paper presents a methodology for developing total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) for pH impaired streams that characterizes the pH impact in terms of an associated hydrogen ion load. Because pH and an equivalent ion load can be related as a function of discharge and ionic strength, a functional relationship can be developed between discharge and the associated ion loading for a given pH value. By specifying a minimum pH value (e.g., 6.0) and an associated ion activity correction factor, an envelope of ion loads may be obtained as a function of discharge. By identifying a critical discharge for a given watershed, the hydrogen ion load and associated TMDL can be obtained. Determination of the associated ion load reduction can further be accomplished by developing functional relationships between measured discharges and measured ion loads for a given watershed. Finally, the required mass loading of an associated neutralizing agent (e.g., CaCO3) can be determined by constructing a functional relationship between the neutralizing agent and the required hydrogen ion reduction. The proposed approach has been applied to several watersheds in the state of Kentucky and was recently approved by EPA Region IV as an acceptable protocol for pH TMDLs. An application of the methodology is presented for the Beech Creek watershed, which is located in Muhlenberg County, Kentucky. DA - 2004/2// PY - 2004/2// DO - 10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(2004)130:2(167) VL - 130 IS - 2 SP - 167-174 J2 - J. Environ. Eng. LA - en OP - SN - 0733-9372 1943-7870 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(2004)130:2(167) DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - An evolutionary algorithm to generate alternatives (EAGA) for engineering optimization problems AU - Zechman, Emily M. AU - Ranjithan, S. Ranji T2 - Engineering Optimization AB - Typically for a real optimization problem, the optimal solution to a mathematical model of that real problem may not always be the ‘best’ solution when considering unmodeled or unquantified objectives during decision-making. Formal approaches to explore efficiently for good but maximally different alternative solutions have been established in the operations research literature, and have been shown to be valuable in identifying solutions that perform expectedly well with respect to modeled and unmodeled objectives. While the use of evolutionary algorithms (EAs) to solve real engineering optimization problems is becoming increasingly common, systematic alternatives-generation capabilities are not fully extended for EAs. This paper presents a new EA-based approach to generate alternatives (EAGA), and illustrates its applicability via two test problems. A realistic airline route network design problem was also solved and analyzed successfully using EAGA. The EAGA promises to be a flexible procedure for exploring alternative solutions that could assist when making decisions for real engineering optimization problems riddled with unmodeled or unquantified issues. DA - 2004/10// PY - 2004/10// DO - 10.1080/03052150410001704863 VL - 36 IS - 5 SP - 539-553 J2 - Engineering Optimization LA - en OP - SN - 0305-215X 1029-0273 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03052150410001704863 DB - Crossref KW - genetic algorithm KW - evolutionary algorithm KW - modeling to generate alternatives KW - niching ER - TY - JOUR TI - To What Extent can Climate Information Contribute to Solving Problems AU - Ward, M.N. AU - Sankarasubramanian, A. AU - Hansen, J. AU - Indeje, M. AU - Mutter, C. T2 - Clivar Exchanges DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 9 IS - 2 SP - 5–8 ER - TY - SOUND TI - Utility of Climate Information Based Streamflow Forecasts towards Annual Water Allocation in Jaguaribe-Metropolitan Hydro (JMH) System, Ceara, NE Brazil AU - Arumugam, S. DA - 2004/3/4/ PY - 2004/3/4/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - Improved Water Allocation using Climate Information Based Streamflow Forecasts: An Assessment from System Perspective AU - Arumugam, S. DA - 2004/3/31/ PY - 2004/3/31/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - Improved Water Allocation using Climate Information Based Streamflow Forecasts: An Assessment from System Perspective AU - Arumugam, S. DA - 2004/4/29/ PY - 2004/4/29/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - Better Management through Better Decisions – Use of Climate Forecasts AU - Arumugam, S. DA - 2004/10/4/ PY - 2004/10/4/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Multimodel Probabilistic Hydroclimatic Ensemble Forecasts AU - Arumugam, S. AU - Lall, U. AU - Robertson, A.W. T2 - American Geophysical Union Spring Meeting C2 - 2004/5/17/ CY - Montreal, Quebec DA - 2004/5/17/ PY - 2004/5/17/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Operational Streamflow Forecasts Development Using GCM Predicted Precipitation Fields AU - Arumugam, S. AU - Lall, U. T2 - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting C2 - 2004/12/12/ CY - San Francisco, CA DA - 2004/12/12/ PY - 2004/12/12/ ER - TY - CHAP TI - Conservation biology AU - Walters, Jeffrey R. AU - Cooper, Caren B. AU - Daniels, Susan J. AU - Pasinelli, Gilberto AU - Schiegg, Karin T2 - Ecology and Evolution of Cooperative Breeding in Birds A2 - Koenig, Walter D. A2 - Dickinson, Janis L. AB - The primary objective of conservation is to preserve biodiversity. Biodiversity encompasses not only distinct life forms such as species and subspecies, but also unique adaptations such as cooperative breeding. Cooperatively breeding birds exhibit a variety of distinctive traits that render some species unusually vulnerable to, or resistant to, habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation, and to the problems inherent to small populations. Especially relevant are extreme philopatry, sensitivity to habitat quality, and the presence of large numbers of non-breeding adults (helpers). To our knowledge, no one has previously assessed how cooperative breeders as a group are faring against the threats to their continued existence they currently face. In this chapter we conduct such an assessment and examine the interaction between the distinctive features of cooperative breeders and the various threats to biodiversity. PY - 2004/4/22/ DO - 10.1017/cbo9780511606816.013 SP - 197–209 PB - Cambridge University Press SN - 9780521530996 9780521822718 9780511606816 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511606816.013 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Bacterial metabolism, aromatic biodegradation, and lignin biogeochemistry in sediment cores from Pearl Harbor, Hawai’i AU - Montgomery, M.T. AU - Osburn, C.L. A3 - Naval Research Laboratory DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// M1 - NRL/FR/6114--04-10,077 M3 - Formal Report PB - Naval Research Laboratory SN - NRL/FR/6114--04-10,077 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evidence of a recent magma dike intrusion at the slow spreading Lucky Strike segment, Mid-Atlantic Ridge AU - Dziak, Robert P. AU - Smith, Deborah K. AU - Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne R. AU - Fox, Christopher G. AU - Debruyeres, Daniel AU - Matsumoto, Haru AU - Tolstoy, Maya AU - Fornari, Daniel J. T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth AB - Mid‐ocean ridge volcanic activity is the fundamental process for creation of ocean crust, yet the dynamics of magma emplacement along the slow spreading Mid‐Atlantic Ridge (MAR) are largely unknown. We present acoustical, seismological, and biological evidence of a magmatic dike intrusion at the Lucky Strike segment, the first detected from the deeper sections (>1500 m) of the MAR. The dike caused the largest teleseismic earthquake swarm recorded at Lucky Strike in >20 years of seismic monitoring, and one of the largest ever recorded on the northern MAR. Hydrophone records indicate that the rate of earthquake activity decays in a nontectonic manner and that the onset of the swarm was accompanied by 30 min of broadband (>3 Hz) intrusion tremor, suggesting a volcanic origin. Two submersible investigations of high‐temperature vents located at the summit of Lucky Strike Seamount 3 months and 1 year after the swarm showed a significant increase in microbial activity and diffuse venting. This magmatic episode may represent one form of volcanism along the MAR, where highly focused pockets of magma are intruded sporadically into the shallow ocean crust beneath long‐lived, discrete volcanic structures recharging preexisting seafloor hydrothermal vents and ecosystems. DA - 2004/12// PY - 2004/12// DO - 10.1029/2004JB003141 VL - 109 IS - B12 SN - 0148-0227 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003141 KW - Mid-Atlantic Ridge KW - earthquake KW - hydroacoustic ER - TY - BOOK TI - Proterozoic metamorphism of the Tobacco Root Mountains, Montana AU - Cheney, J.T. AU - Brady, J.B. AU - Tierney, K.A. AU - DeGraff, K.A. AU - Mohlman, H.K. AU - Frisch, J.D. AU - Hatch, C.E. AU - Steiner, M.L. AU - Carmichael, S.K. AU - Fisher, R.G.M. AU - Tuit, C.B. AU - Steffen, K.J. AU - Cady, P. AU - Lowell, J. AU - Archuleta, L.L. AU - Hirst, J. AU - Wegmann, K.W. AU - Monteleone, B. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1130/0-8137-2377-9.105 VL - 377 SE - 105-129 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84871075477&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Agent-based and analytical modeling to evaluate the effectiveness of greenbelts AU - Brown, D AU - Page, S AU - Riolo, R AU - Rand, W T2 - Environmental Modelling & Software AB - We present several models of residential development at the rural–urban fringe to evaluate the effectiveness of a greenbelt located beside a developed area, for delaying development outside the greenbelt. First, we develop a mathematical model, under two assumptions about the distributions of service centers, that represents the trade-off between greenbelt placement and width, their effects on the rate of development beyond the greenbelt, and how these interact with spatial patterns of aesthetic quality and the locations of services. Next, we present three agent-based models (ABMs) that include agents with the potential for heterogeneous preferences and a landscape with the potential for heterogeneous attributes. Results from experiments run with a one-dimensional ABM agree with the starkest of the results from the mathematical model, strengthening the support for both models. Further, we present two different two-dimensional ABMs and conduct a series of experiments to supplement our mathematical analysis. These include examining the effects of heterogeneous agent preferences, multiple landscape patterns, incomplete or imperfect information available to agents, and a positive aesthetic quality impact of the greenbelt on neighboring locations. These results suggest how width and location of the greenbelt could help determine the effectiveness of greenbelts for slowing sprawl, but that these relationships are sensitive to the patterns of landscape aesthetic quality and assumptions about service center locations. DA - 2004/12// PY - 2004/12// DO - 10.1016/j.envsoft.2003.11.012 VL - 19 IS - 12 SP - 1097-1109 J2 - Environmental Modelling & Software LA - en OP - SN - 1364-8152 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2003.11.012 DB - Crossref KW - land-use change KW - urban sprawl KW - agent-based modeling KW - landscape ecology ER - TY - CHAP TI - Comparing Exact and Approximate Spatial Auto-regression Model Solutions for Spatial Data Analysis AU - Kazar, Baris M. AU - Shekhar, Shashi AU - Lilja, David J. AU - Vatsavai, Ranga R. AU - Pace, R. Kelley T2 - Geographic Information Science AB - The spatial auto-regression (SAR) model is a popular spatial data analysis technique, which has been used in many applications with geo-spatial datasets. However, exact solutions for estimating SAR parameters are computationally expensive due to the need to compute all the eigenvalues of a very large matrix. Recently we developed a dense-exact parallel formulation of the SAR parameter estimation procedure using data parallelism and a hybrid programming technique. Though this parallel implementation showed scalability up to eight processors, the exact solution still suffers from high computational complexity and memory requirements. These limitations have led us to investigate approximate solutions for SAR model parameter estimation with the main objective of scaling the SAR model for large spatial data analysis problems. In this paper we present two candidate approximate-semi-sparse solutions of the SAR model based on Taylor series expansion and Chebyshev polynomials. Our initial experiments showed that these new techniques scale well for very large data sets, such as remote sensing images having millions of pixels. The results also show that the differences between exact and approximate SAR parameter estimates are within 0.7% and 8.2% for Chebyshev polynomials and Taylor series expansion, respectively, and have no significant effect on the prediction accuracy. PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1007/978-3-540-30231-5_10 SP - 140-161 OP - PB - Springer Berlin Heidelberg SN - 9783540235583 9783540302315 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30231-5_10 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Energy intake and physical activity during short-term smoking cessation in postmenopausal women AU - Allen, Sharon S AU - Brintnell, Dawn M AU - Hatsukami, Dorothy AU - Reich, Brian T2 - Addictive Behaviors AB - This study assessed the effect of short-term (2-week) smoking abstinence on weight gain, energy intake, and physical activity in 60 postmenopausal women. Participants were stratified by their use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT; currently taking/not taking) and then randomized to abstinence or continued smoking for 2 weeks. The 30 abstainers gained a mean of 1.28 kg, compared with a 0.54 kg loss for the 30 continued smokers (P=.002). The abstainers also reported a significantly greater increase than did the smokers in total kilocalorie and in carbohydrate consumption for both weeks. There were no changes in physical activity and HRT effect. These are the first published findings on caloric intake and weight gain during smoking abstinence in postmenopausal women—an understudied population in the smoking cessation literature. DA - 2004/7// PY - 2004/7// DO - 10.1016/j.addbeh.2004.02.041 VL - 29 IS - 5 SP - 947-951 J2 - Addictive Behaviors LA - en OP - SN - 0306-4603 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2004.02.041 DB - Crossref KW - energy intake KW - smoking cessation KW - postmenopausal women ER - TY - JOUR TI - Characteristics of cigarette smokers seeking treatment for cessation versus reduction AU - Lemmonds, Charlotte A. AU - Mooney, Marc AU - Reich, Brian AU - Hatsukami, Dorothy T2 - Addictive Behaviors AB - Comparisons were made between cigarette smokers seeking treatment to quit smoking and cigarette smokers seeking treatment to reduce the number of cigarettes they smoke. Potential subjects were recruited from the local metropolitan area by advertisement in the local media. A total of 665 cigarette smokers telephoned our clinic to seek treatment for smoking cessation and 565 cigarette smokers telephoned to seek treatment to gradually reduce the number of cigarettes they smoke but not quit smoking. Potential subjects were instructed to call the clinic to find out additional information about the studies, and while on the telephone they were asked questions pertaining to tobacco use and health status. The results show that the two populations are similar in many respects with the following exceptions: smokers seeking treatment to reduce cigarette use tend to smoke more cigarettes per day, are less motivated to quit, make fewer quit attempts, drink more alcoholic beverages per day, and have more health problems (Ps<.05). These results indicate that cigarette smokers seeking treatment for smoking reduction but not cessation may be more dependent smokers who experience more medical disorders. DA - 2004/2// PY - 2004/2// DO - 10.1016/j.addbeh.2003.08.049 VL - 29 IS - 2 SP - 357-364 J2 - Addictive Behaviors LA - en OP - SN - 0306-4603 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2003.08.049 DB - Crossref KW - cigarette smoking KW - smoking cessation KW - smoking reduction KW - research subjects ER - TY - JOUR TI - Tectonic/volcanic segmentation and controls on hydrothermal venting along Earth's fastest seafloor spreading system, EPR 27°-32°S AU - Hey, Richard AU - Baker, Edward AU - Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne AU - Massoth, Gary AU - Kleinrock, Martin AU - Martinez, Fernando AU - Naar, David AU - Pardee, Debra AU - Lupton, John AU - Feely, Richard AU - Gharib, Jim AU - Resing, Joe AU - Rodrigo, Cristian AU - Sansone, Francis AU - Walker, Sharon T2 - Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems AB - We have collected 12 kHz SeaBeam bathymetry and 120 kHz DSL‐120 side‐scan sonar and bathymetry data to determine the tectonic and volcanic segmentation along the fastest spreading (∼150 km/Myr) part of the global mid‐ocean ridge system, the southern East Pacific Rise between the Easter and Juan Fernandez microplates. This area is presently reorganizing by large‐scale dueling rift propagation and possible protomicroplate tectonics. Fracture patterns observed in the side‐scan data define structural segmentation scales along these ridge segments. These sometimes, but not always, correlate with linear volcanic systems defining segmentation in the SeaBeam data. Some of the subsegments behave cohesively, with in‐phase tectonic activity, while fundamental discontinuities occur between other subsegments. We also collected hydrothermal plume data using sensors mounted on the DSL‐120 instrument package, as well as CTDO tow‐yos, to determine detailed structural and volcanic controls on the hydrothermal vent pattern observed along 600 km of the Pacific‐Nazca axis. Here we report the first rigorous correlation between coregistered hydrothermal plume and high‐resolution marine geophysical data on similar scales and over multisegment distances. Major plume concentrations were usually found where axial inflation was relatively high and fracture density was relatively low. These correlations suggest that hydrothermal venting is most active where the apparent magmatic budget is greatest, resulting in recent eruptions that have paved over the neovolcanic zone. Areas of voluminous acoustically dark young lava flows produced from recent fissure eruptions correlate with many of the major hydrothermal vent areas. Increased crustal permeability, as gauged by increased fracture density, does not enhance hydrothermal venting in this area. Axial summit troughs and graben are rare, probably because of frequent volcanic resurfacing in this superfast spreading environment, and are not good predictors of hydrothermal activity here. Many of the hydrothermal areas are found in inflated areas near the ends of segments, suggesting that abundant magma is being supplied to these areas. DA - 2004/12// PY - 2004/12// DO - 10.1029/2004GC000764 VL - 5 IS - 12 SP - n/a-n/a J2 - Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. LA - en OP - SN - 1525-2027 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004GC000764 DB - Crossref KW - seafloor spreading KW - mid-ocean ridges KW - hydrothermal plumes KW - marine geology and geophysics : midocean ridge processes KW - marine geology and geophysics : seafloor morphology and bottom photography KW - marine geology and geophysics : instruments and techniques KW - oceanography : biological and chemical : hydrothermal systems KW - tectonophysics : plate boundary, general ER - TY - JOUR TI - On tangible user interfaces, humans and spatiality AU - Sharlin, Ehud AU - Watson, Benjamin AU - Kitamura, Yoshifumi AU - Kishino, Fumio AU - Itoh, Yuichi T2 - Personal and Ubiquitous Computing DA - 2004/7/24/ PY - 2004/7/24/ DO - 10.1007/S00779-004-0296-5 VL - 8 IS - 5 J2 - Pers Ubiquit Comput LA - en OP - SN - 1617-4909 1617-4917 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/S00779-004-0296-5 DB - Crossref KW - Tangible user interfaces KW - Design heuristics KW - Spatial mappings KW - Affordances ER - TY - CHAP TI - Spatial Tangible User Interfaces for Cognitive Assessment and Training AU - Sharlin, Ehud AU - Itoh, Yuichi AU - Watson, Benjamin AU - Kitamura, Yoshifumi AU - Sutphen, Steve AU - Liu, Lili AU - Kishino, Fumio T2 - Biologically Inspired Approaches to Advanced Information Technology AB - This paper discusses Tangible User Interfaces (TUIs) and their potential impact on cognitive assessment and cognitive training. We believe that TUIs, and particularly a subset that we dub spatial TUIs, can extend human computer interaction beyond some of its current limitations. Spatial TUIs exploit human innate spatial and tactile ability in an intuitive and direct manner, affording interaction paradigms that are practically impossible using current interface technology. As proof-of-concept we examine implementations in the field of cognitive assessment and training. In this paper we use Cognitive Cubes, a novel TUI we developed, as an applied test bed for our beliefs, presenting promising experimental results for cognitive assessment of spatial ability, and possibly for training purposes. PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1007/978-3-540-27835-1_11 SP - 137-152 OP - PB - Springer Berlin Heidelberg SN - 9783540233398 9783540278351 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-27835-1_11 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Temporal and spatial history of the 1999-2000 Endeavour Segment seismic series, Juan de Fuca Ridge AU - Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne R. AU - Dziak, Robert P. AU - Tolstoy, Maya AU - Fox, Christopher G. AU - Fowler, Mathew T2 - Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems AB - Two large clusters of earthquake activity in June of 1999 and January of 2000 have dominated recent seismicity along the Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. The impacts of the June 1999 sequence on the hydrologic system, which include changes in vent temperature and chemistry within the Main Endeavour Vent Field, have been well documented previously. Analysis of seismic and hydroacoustic data indicates that both sequences exhibit a swarm‐like behavior, characterized by the absence of a dominant main shock event. The epicentral locations of events within the two swarms overlap spatially, with centroid positions near 47°49′ and 47°46′N latitude. During the June 1999 swarm, the initial activity spans the along‐axis region where a shallow axial magma chamber reflector was later imaged. The epicenters then migrate ∼12 km to the south at a rate of 0.3 m/s, consistent with lateral dike propagation. A distinct subcluster of events also occurred in the vicinity of Surveyor Volcano on the overlapping portion of the Cobb Segment. Given its distance from the main swarm, this activity may represent a triggered response to dynamic shaking. The January 2000 swarm has a more limited along‐axis extent, relative to the June 1999 swarm, with no indication of lateral migration. Much of this activity is concentrated in a region predicted to have undergone extension due to dike propagation in 1999. Although it contains fewer total events and is of shorter duration, relative to the June 1999 swarm, the January 2000 activity exhibits a higher peak rate of seismicity and greater mean event magnitude. As in situ temperature monitoring was not in place during January 2000 and vent fluids were not sampled until June 2000, the impacts of this swarm on the hydrothermal system are unknown. The southernmost tip of the Endeavour Segment also is found to be a region of repeating swarm activity. Although morphologic evidence indicates the Cobb Segment has been propagating northward recently, this seismic activity suggests that the western limb of the Endeavour‐Cobb overlap zone remains active. DA - 2004/9// PY - 2004/9// DO - 10.1029/2004GC000735 VL - 5 IS - 9 SP - n/a-n/a J2 - Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. LA - en OP - SN - 1525-2027 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004GC000735 DB - Crossref KW - dike KW - earthquake KW - hydrothermal system KW - mid-ocean ridge KW - seismic triggering KW - marine geology and geophysics : midocean ridge processes KW - seismology : volcano seismology KW - tectonophysics : dynamics, seismotectonics ER - TY - JOUR TI - Breaking into the plate: A 7.6 Mw fracture-zone earthquake adjacent to the Central Indian Ridge AU - Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne R. AU - Tolstoy, Maya AU - Chapp, Emily T2 - Geophysical Research Letters AB - On 15 July 2003 an extremely large (7.6 Mw) strike‐slip earthquake initiated on or near the end of an active transform along the northern Central Indian Ridge. The event propagated away from the plate boundary along the typically inactive fracture zone, with a sense of slip that opposes the active transform slip direction. Seismically and hydroacoustically determined aftershock locations delineate a 210 ± 25 km long mainshock rupture. The seismic moment and rupture dimensions imply a stress drop of 4.5–6.5 MPa and a mean slip of 3.0 ± 0.5 m. The largest aftershock (5.6 Mw) occurred on the active portion of a neighboring transform at a distance of ∼160 km, where mainshock‐induced static stress changes are predicted to promote failure. Near‐axis fracture‐zone earthquakes may promote and inhibit ridge‐parallel diking along different spreading segments, perhaps contributing to inter‐segment variability in the rate and asymmetry of spreading. DA - 2004/1// PY - 2004/1// DO - 10.1029/2003GL018981 VL - 31 IS - 2 J2 - Geophys. Res. Lett. LA - en OP - SN - 0094-8276 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003GL018981 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Antarctic-type blue whale calls recorded at low latitudes in the Indian and eastern Pacific Oceans AU - Stafford, Kathleen M AU - Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne R AU - Tolstoy, Maya AU - Chapp, Emily AU - Mellinger, David K AU - Moore, Sue E T2 - Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers AB - Blue whales, Balaenoptera musculus, were once abundant around the Antarctic during the austral summer, but intensive whaling during the first half of the 20th century reduced their numbers by over 99%. Although interannual variability of blue whale occurrence on the Antarctic feeding grounds was documented by whalers, little was known about where the whales spent the winter months. Antarctic blue whales produce calls that are distinct from those produced by blue whales elsewhere in the world. To investigate potential winter migratory destinations of Antarctic blue whales, we examined acoustic data for these signals from two low-latitude locales: the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean. Antarctic-type blue whale calls were detected on hydrophones in both regions during the austral autumn and winter (May–September), with peak detections in July. Calls occurred over relatively brief periods in both oceans, suggesting that there may be only a few animals migrating so far north and/or producing calls. Antarctic blue whales appear to use both the Indian and eastern Pacific Oceans concurrently, indicating that there is not a single migratory destination. Acoustic data from the South Atlantic and from mid-latitudes in the Indian or Pacific Oceans are needed for a more global understanding of migratory patterns and destinations of Antarctic blue whales. DA - 2004/10// PY - 2004/10// DO - 10.1016/j.dsr.2004.05.007 VL - 51 IS - 10 SP - 1337-1346 J2 - Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers LA - en OP - SN - 0967-0637 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2004.05.007 DB - Crossref KW - blue whale KW - Balaenoptera musculus intermedia KW - bioacoustics KW - vocalization behavior KW - Antarctic KW - Indian Ocean KW - eastern tropical Pacific ER - TY - JOUR TI - Changes in CDOM fluorescence from allochthonous and autochthonous sources during tidal mixing and bacterial degradation in two coastal estuaries AU - Boyd, Thomas J AU - Osburn, Christopher L T2 - Marine Chemistry AB - Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) was collected and concentrated using 1 kDa cutoff tangential flow filtration (TFF) from marine (∼33 salinity), mid-estuarine (∼15 salinity), and freshwater (<1 salinity) portions of the Chesapeake and San Francisco Bays. Natural bacterioplankton were also collected during the same transects on 0.22-μm pore size filters. TFF permeates from freshwater, mid-estuarine and marine stations were used to create a series of salinity samples ranging from 0 to 33 by increments of 3. Freshwater CDOM was added in the same proportion to each salinity sample to determine changes in spectral signals during simulated estuarine mixing. A series of incubations was conducted in which concentrated CDOM was added to TFF permeates (<1 kDa, low fluorescence) in a nine-membered matrix such that each station's CDOM was added to each station's TFF permeate. Each incubation was then inoculated with a filter from its respective collection location. Subsamples from bacterial incubations were collected at various times and analyzed by high resolution three-dimensional fluorescence excitation–emission spectroscopy (EEMs) to determine if changes in ionic strength encountered during estuarine mixing affect the bioavailability and optical properties of CDOM. Five EEMs peaks were identified for each mixing experiment and microbial subsample; Exmax: 330–350 nm/ Emmax: 420–480 nm, Exmax: 250–260 nm/ Emmax: 380–480 nm, Exmax: 310–320 nm/ Emmax: 380–420 nm, Exmax: 270–280 nm/ Emmax: 300–320 nm, and Exmax: 270–280 nm/ Emmax: 320–350 nm. These peak ratios were monitored over the time course of the experiment. Changes in several spectral properties during the simulated estuarine mixing were observed indicating CDOM conformational changes as it moves through the estuary. We hypothesized these changes may impact the biodegradability of CDOM as it moves from upland sources to the coastal ocean. Changes in DOC concentration during incubation indicated that allochthonous CDOM was a more utilizable substrate for estuarine and marine bacteria. There were also differences in peak ratios observed during incubation with allochthonous and autochthonous CDOM. There were Emmax peak shifts dependent on the source of CDOM and bacteria, with more red shifting (toward higher wavelengths) in upper reaches of the estuary and more blue-shifting at the oceanic end-member. We conclude that bacterial degradation of specific components of autochthonous and allochthonous CDOM may impact the spectral characteristics observed throughout an estuary and that CDOM optical properties are partially a function of the CDOM's origin and mixing history. DA - 2004/10// PY - 2004/10// DO - 10.1016/j.marchem.2004.02.012 VL - 89 IS - 1-4 SP - 189-210 KW - chromophoric dissolved organic matter KW - tangential flow filtration KW - Chesapeake Bay KW - San Francisco Bay ER - TY - CONF TI - Monitoring exposure to point-source aerosolized contaminants: Can we continue to assume they are well mixed? AU - Richmond-Bryant, J. AU - Eisner, A.D. AU - Brixey, L.A. AU - Wiener, R.W. C2 - 2004/// C3 - Symposium on Air Quality Measurement Methods and Technology 2004 DA - 2004/// SP - 693-709 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-19944381858&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Farmers' cultural practices and management of potato late blight in Kenya highlands: Implications for development of integrated disease management AU - Nyankanga, R.O. AU - Wien, H.C. AU - Olanya, O.M. AU - Ojiambo, P.S. T2 - International Journal of Pest Management DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 50 IS - 2 SP - 135-144 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-2542427836&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Applications of Survival Analysis in Botanical Epidemiology AU - Scherm, H. AU - Ojiambo, P. S. T2 - Phytopathology AB - ABSTRACT Data on the occurrence and timing of discrete events such as spore germination, disease onset, or propagule death are recorded commonly in epidemiological studies. When analyzing such "time-to-event" data, survival analysis is superior to conventional statistical techniques because it can accommodate censored observations, i.e., cases in which the event has not occurred by the end of the study. Central to survival analysis are two mathematical functions, the survivor function, which describes the probability that an individual will "survive" (i.e., that the event will not occur) until a given point in time, and the hazard function, which gives the instantaneous risk that the event will occur at that time, given that it has not occurred previously. These functions can be compared among two or more groups using chi-square-based test statistics. The effects of discrete or continuous covariates on survival times can be quantified with two types of models, the accelerated failure time model and the proportional hazards model. When applied to longitudinal data on the timing of defoliation of individual blueberry leaves in the field, analysis with the accelerated failure time model revealed a significantly (P < 0.0001) increased defoliation risk due to Septoria leaf spot, caused by Septoria albopunctata. Defoliation occurred earlier for lower leaves than for upper leaves, but this effect was confounded in part with increased disease severity on lower leaves. DA - 2004/9// PY - 2004/9// DO - 10.1094/phyto.2004.94.9.1022 VL - 94 IS - 9 SP - 1022-1026 UR - http://europepmc.org/abstract/AGR/IND43645293 KW - rabbiteye blueberry KW - Vaccinium ashei KW - Weibull distribution ER - TY - JOUR TI - Geostatistical space/time estimation of water quality along the Raritan River Basin in New Jersey AU - Serre, Marc L. AU - Carter, Gail AU - Money, Eric T2 - Computational Methods in Water Resources: Volume 2, Proceedings of the XVth International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources AB - The assessment of the river water quality across space and time is a considerable public health concern and it is an important issue for the efficient management of our natural water resources. The state of New Jersey is mandated by the federal Clean Water Act to assess water quality along all streams and rivers in the state, which is critical to designate use attainment and to direct total maximum daily load (TMDL) development. However due to budget and scientific limitations less than 30% of the state's non-tidal stream miles have been assessed. Therefore there is a need to develop a method that can use the partial monitoring information available to estimate water quality along the unmonitored network of streams and rivers. However the high natural variability of water quality over space and time, the limited number of water samples, and the varying levels of measurement errors between samples introduce major sources of uncertainty in the estimation of water quality along rivers and over time. In this work we present the Bayesian Maximum Entropy (BME) framework to rigorously process information about the space/time variability of water quality in its aquatic environment, the uncertainty and scarcity of the monitoring data, and the relevant flow and transport governing laws, in order to obtain statistical estimate of water quality at unmonitored reaches. We implement the BME method for a case study involving the estimation of phosphate along the Raritan river basin from 1990 to 2002, and we find through cross validation that the BME space/time analysis is a substantial improvement over a purely spatial analysis. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1016/s0167-5648(04)80189-8 SP - 1839-1852 ER - TY - CONF TI - Simulations of distributed watershed erosion, deposition, and terrain evolution using a path sampling Monte Carlo method AU - Thaxton, C.S. AU - Mitasova, H. AU - Mitas, L. AU - McLaughlin, R. C2 - 2004/// C3 - ASAE Annual International Meeting 2004 DA - 2004/// SP - 2069-2082 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-30044447669&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - BOOK TI - Path sampling method for modeling overland water flow, sediment transport, and short term terrain evolution in Open Source GIS AU - Mitasova, H. AU - Thaxton, C. AU - Hofierka, J. AU - McLaughlin, R. AU - Moore, A. AU - Mitas, L. AB - A path sampling method is proposed for solving the continuity equations describing mass flows over complex landscape surfaces. The modeled quantities are represented by an ensemble of sampling points which are evolved according to the corresponding Green function. The method enables incorporation of multi-scale/multi-process treatments. It has been used to develop simulation tools for overland shallow water flow and for sediment transport. The spatial pattern of sediment flow and net erosion/deposition is modeled using the closure relationship between sediment transport capacity and detachment developed for the USDA Water Erosion Prediction Project. The tools were recently implemented as modules in Open Source GRASS GIS. Their application is illustrated by the study of impact of land use and topography change on overland flow and sediment transport at North Carolina State University campus. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1016/S0167-5648(04)80159-X VL - 55 SE - 1479-1490 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-80051576836&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CONF TI - An Interface Data Model for HEC-HMS AU - Obenour, Daniel AU - Maidment, David AU - Evans, Thomas AU - Yates, Daniel C2 - 2004/// C3 - Proc. AWRA 2004 Annual Conference DA - 2004/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - A forest growth and biomass module for a landscape simulation model, LANDIS: design, validation, and application AU - Scheller, RM AU - Mladenoff, DJ T2 - ECOLOGICAL MODELLING AB - Predicting the long-term dynamics of forest systems depends on understanding multiple processes that often operate at vastly different scales. Disturbance and seed dispersal are landscape-scale phenomena and are spatially linked across the landscape. Ecosystem processes (e.g., growth and decomposition) have high annual and inter-specific variation and are generally quantified at the scale of a forest stand. To link these widely scaled processes, we used biomass (living and dead) as an integrating variable that provides feedbacks between disturbance and ecosystem processes and feedbacks among multiple disturbances. We integrated a simple model of biomass growth, mortality, and decay into LANDIS, a spatially dynamic landscape simulation model. The new biomass module was statically linked to PnET-II, a generalized ecosystem process model. The combined model simulates disturbances (fire, wind, harvesting), dispersal, forest biomass growth and mortality, and inter- and intra-specific competition. We used the model to quantify how fire and windthrow alter forest succession, living biomass and dead biomass across an artificial landscape representative of northern Wisconsin, USA. In addition, model validation and a sensitivity analysis were conducted. DA - 2004/12/10/ PY - 2004/12/10/ DO - 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.01.022 VL - 180 IS - 1 SP - 211-229 SN - 1872-7026 KW - forest biomass KW - aboveground net primary productivity KW - fire regime KW - wind throw KW - succession KW - shade tolerance KW - LANDIS KW - PnET-II ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mapping the risk of establishment and spread of sudden oak death in California AU - Meentemeyer, R AU - Rizzo, D AU - Mark, W AU - Lotz, E T2 - FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT AB - Sudden oak death, caused by the recently described pathogen Phytophthora ramorum, is an emerging forest disease that has reached epidemic levels in coastal forests of central California. We present a rule-based model of P. ramorum establishment and spread risk in California plant communities. The model, which is being used as a management tool to target threatened forests for early-detection monitoring and protection, incorporates the effects of spatial and temporal variability of multiple variables on pathogen persistence. Model predictions are based on current knowledge of host susceptibility, pathogen reproduction, and pathogen transmission with particular regard to host species distribution and climate suitability. Maps of host species distributions and monthly weather conditions were spatially analyzed in a GIS and parameterized to encode the magnitude and direction of each variable's effect on disease establishment and spread. Spread risk predictions were computed for each month of the pathogen's general reproductive season and averaged to generate a cumulative risk map (Fig. 6a and b). The model identifies an alarming number of uninfected forest ecosystems in California at considerable risk of infection by Phytophthora ramorum. This includes, in particular, a broad band of high risk north of Sonoma County to the Oregon border, a narrow band of high risk south of central Monterey County south to central San Luis Obispo County, and scattered areas of moderate and high risk in the Sierra Nevada foothills in Butte and Yuba counties. Model performance was evaluated by comparing spread risk predictions to field observations of disease presence and absence. Model predictions of spread risk were consistent with disease severity observed in the field, with modeled risk significantly higher at currently infested locations than at uninfested locations (P < 0.01, n = 323). Based on what is known about the ecology and epidemiology of sudden oak death, this model provides a simple and effective management tool for identifying emergent infections before they become established. DA - 2004/10/25/ PY - 2004/10/25/ DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.06.021 VL - 200 IS - 1-3 SP - 195-214 SN - 1872-7042 KW - Phytophthora ramorum KW - oak mortality KW - disease spread KW - risk modeling KW - early-detection monitoring ER - TY - RPRT TI - Research to Support Development of Resource Indicators and Standards for Implementing Visitor Experience and Resource Protection (VERP) Framework at Boston Harbor Islands National Park Area AU - Leung, Y.-F AU - Meyer, K. A3 - Raleigh, NC: NCSU-PRTM DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// PB - Raleigh, NC: NCSU-PRTM ER - TY - CONF TI - Monitoring the impacts of visitors to shorebird populations in the NPS Coastal and Barrier Islands Network areas AU - Monz, C. AU - Young, E. AU - Leung, Y.-F C2 - 2004/// C3 - Proceedings of the 2004 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium DA - 2004/// SP - 373-377 PB - Bolton Landing, NY: Newtown Square, PA: USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station ER - TY - CHAP TI - Managing impacts of camping AU - Leung, Yu-Fai AU - Marion, J. L. T2 - Environmental Impacts of Ecotourism PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1079/9780851998107.0245 SP - 245–258 PB - Wallingford, UK: CABI Publishing ER - TY - CONF TI - Indicators for sustainable tourism development: Crossing the divide from definitions to actions AU - Bloyer, J. AU - Gustke, L. AU - Leung, Y.-F A2 - F. D. Pineda, A2 - Brebbia, C. A. C2 - 2004/// C3 - Sustainable tourism DA - 2004/// SP - 109-115 PB - Southampton, UK: Wessex Institute of Technology Press ER - TY - CHAP TI - Environmentally sustainable trail management AU - Marion, J. L. AU - Leung, Yu-Fai T2 - Environmental Impacts of Ecotourism AB - This chapter outlines and reviews the essential ingredients of trail management programmes from a resource protection perspective. This begins with planning considerations for selecting and developing a sustainable system of trails, decision frameworks for balancing resource protection and recreation provision objectives, trail construction and maintenance, and visitor management. All aspects are considered important to avoid common trail impact problems, including unacceptable impacts from poorly located trails, deficient construction or trail maintenance, and lack of trail condition standards and monitoring. PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1079/9780851998107.0229 SP - 229–243 PB - Wallingford, UK: CABI Publishing ER - TY - RPRT TI - Yakima River Floodplain mining impact study AU - Clark, K. AU - Wegmann, K. W. AU - Johnson, C. N. AU - Norman, D. K. AU - al., A3 - Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// PB - Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources ER - TY - RPRT TI - Proterozoic metamorphism of the Tobacco Root Mountains, Montana AU - Cheney, J. T. AU - Brady, J. B. AU - Tierney, K. A. AU - DeGraff, K. A. AU - Mohlman, H. K. AU - Frisch, J. D. AU - Hatch, C. E. AU - Steiner, M. L. AU - Carmichael, S. K. AU - Fisher, R. G. M. AU - Tuit, C. B. AU - Wegmann, K. W. AU - al., C6 - 0 DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 377 SP - 105-129 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Landslide Hazard Zonation Project, level II assessment for the Quinault Lake, Quinault River, and Cook-Elk Watersheds, Jefferson and Grays Harbor Counties, Washington AU - Wegmann, K. W. A3 - Olympia, WA: Washington State Department of Natural Resources DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// PB - Olympia, WA: Washington State Department of Natural Resources ER - TY - RPRT TI - Landslide Hazard Zonation Project, level II assessment for the Nookachamps Watershed, Skagit County, Washington AU - Wegmann, K. W. A3 - Olympia, WA: Washington State Department of Natural Resources DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// PB - Olympia, WA: Washington State Department of Natural Resources ER - TY - RPRT TI - Landslide Hazard Zonation Project, level II assessment for the Lower Naselle Watershed, Pacific County, Washington AU - Wegmann, K. W. A3 - Olympia, WA: Washington State Department of Natural Resources DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// PB - Olympia, WA: Washington State Department of Natural Resources ER - TY - RPRT TI - Landslide Hazard Zonation Project, level II assessment for the Clear Creek, Dan Creek, and Lime Creek Watersheds, Snohomish and Skagit Counties, Washington AU - Wegmann, K. W. A3 - Olympia, WA: Washington State Department of Natural Resources DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// PB - Olympia, WA: Washington State Department of Natural Resources ER - TY - CONF TI - Geology of the Tavan Har area, Gobi, Mongolia AU - Carson, R. J. AU - Bayanmonh, A. AU - Bayasgalan, A. AU - Johnson, C. L. AU - Pogue, K. R. AU - Wegmann, K. W. C2 - 2004/// C3 - Seventeenth Annual Keck Research Symposium in Geology DA - 2004/// SP - 170-175 PB - Northfield, MN: Keck Geology Consortium ER - TY - MAP TI - Geologic map of the Port Angeles and Ediz Hook 7.5-minute quadrangles, Clallam County, Washington AU - Schasse, H. W. AU - Wegmann, K. W. AU - Polenz, M. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// PB - Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources ER - TY - MAP TI - Geologic map of the Elwha and Angeles Point 7.5-minute quadrangles, Clallam County, Washington AU - Polenz, M. AU - Wegmann, K. W. AU - Schasse, H. W. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// PB - Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources ER - TY - CONF TI - Geologic Field Trip to the Aldercrest-Banyon Landslide and Mount St. Helens, Washington, Part I-Stevenson to Castle Rock AU - Wegmann, K. W. C2 - 2004/// C3 - 96th Annual Meeting of the American Association of State Geologists DA - 2004/// PB - Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources ER - TY - JOUR TI - Quantifying rapid changes in coastal topography using modern mapping techniques and Geographic Information System AU - Mitasova, H AU - Drake, TG AU - Bernstein, D AU - Harmon, RS T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL & ENGINEERING GEOSCIENCE AB - Research Article| January 01, 2004 Quantifying Rapid Changes in Coastal Topography using Modern Mapping Techniques and Geographic Information System HELENA MITASOVA; HELENA MITASOVA 1Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar THOMAS G. DRAKE; THOMAS G. DRAKE 1Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar DAVID BERNSTEIN; DAVID BERNSTEIN 2Center for Marine and Wetland Studies, Coastal Carolina University, 1270 Atlantic Avenue, Conway, SC 29526 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar RUSSELL S. HARMON RUSSELL S. HARMON 3Army Research Office, Army Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information HELENA MITASOVA 1Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 THOMAS G. DRAKE 1Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 DAVID BERNSTEIN 2Center for Marine and Wetland Studies, Coastal Carolina University, 1270 Atlantic Avenue, Conway, SC 29526 RUSSELL S. HARMON 3Army Research Office, Army Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 Publisher: Association of Environmental & Engineering Geologists First Online: 02 Mar 2017 Online ISSN: 1558-9161 Print ISSN: 1078-7275 Copyright © 2004 Geological Society of America Environmental & Engineering Geoscience (2004) 10 (1): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.2113/10.1.1 Article history First Online: 02 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation HELENA MITASOVA, THOMAS G. DRAKE, DAVID BERNSTEIN, RUSSELL S. HARMON; Quantifying Rapid Changes in Coastal Topography using Modern Mapping Techniques and Geographic Information System. Environmental & Engineering Geoscience 2004;; 10 (1): 1–11. doi: https://doi.org/10.2113/10.1.1 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyEnvironmental & Engineering Geoscience Search Advanced Search Abstract Innovative methodology based on a combination of real-time kinematic Global Positioning System (RTK-GPS), light detection and ranging (lidar), and open-source Geographic Information System (GIS) was developed to gain a better understanding of rapid changes in coastal topography. Improved spatial interpolation techniques were implemented to produce detailed topographic surfaces from lidar and RTK-GPS data. The methodology is demonstrated for two North Carolina areas: Jockey's Ridge State Park and Bald Head Island. The Jockey's Ridge study quantifies recent dune movement and identifies areas of elevation loss and rapid horizontal migration that threaten existing infrastructure. The Bald Head Island study examines pre- and post-nourishment beach evolution. The dynamics of beach topography, its geometric properties, and estimates of both eroded and deposited sand volumes were determined by combining lidar elevation data (1997–2000) with quarterly RTK-GPS measurements. Spatio-temporal analysis confirms the relative stability of the central ‘pivot point’ beach section and reveals that the beach changed its shape from convex west of the pivot point to concave east of the pivot point during the period of 1997 to 1998 and reversed shapes during year 2000. The pivot point also divides the beach into two sections that exhibit markedly different responses to nourishment. Although the entire length of nourished beach retreated, the analysis reveals that in the western section, all nourished sand off-shore was lost, whereas in the eastern section, significant sand volume was pushed up onto the beach, creating potential for recovery. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access. DA - 2004/2// PY - 2004/2// DO - 10.2113/10.1.1 VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - 1-11 SN - 1558-9161 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-1942466461&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - beach erosion KW - digital elevation model KW - light detection and ranging (Lidar) KW - kinematic Global Positioning System (GPS) KW - sand dune KW - topographic analysis ER - TY - JOUR TI - An evaluation of methods to determine slope using digital elevation data AU - Warren, SD AU - Hohmann, MG AU - Auerswald, K AU - Mitasova, H T2 - CATENA AB - Variation in the computation of slope from digital elevation data can result in significantly different slope values and can, in turn, lead to widely varying estimates of environmental phenomena such as soil erosion that are highly dependent on slope. Ten methods of computing slope from distributed elevation data, utilizing capabilities inherent in five different geographic information systems (GIS), were compared with field measurements of slope. The methods were compared based on (1) overall estimation performance, (2) estimation accuracy, (3) estimation precision, and (4) independence of estimation errors and the magnitude of field measured slopes. A method utilizing a very high resolution digital elevation model (DEM) (1 m) produced slightly better estimates of slope than approaches utilizing somewhat lower resolution DEMs (2–5.2 m), and significantly better estimates than a method utilizing a 12.5 m DEM. The more accurate method was significantly biased, however, frequently underestimating actual slope. Methods that averaged or smoothed high resolution DEMs over larger areas also produced good estimates of slope, but these were somewhat less accurate in areas of shallow slopes. Methods utilizing differential geometry to compute percent slope from DEMs outperformed methods utilizing trigonometric functions. Errors in slope computation are exaggerated in soil erosion prediction models because erosion typically increases as a power function of slope. DA - 2004/12/10/ PY - 2004/12/10/ DO - 10.1016/j.catena.2004.05.001 VL - 58 IS - 3 SP - 215-233 SN - 1872-6887 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-8144226822&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - digital elevation model KW - geographic information system KW - slope KW - soil erosion ER - TY - JOUR TI - Managing visitors' perceptions AU - Dorwart, C. E. AU - Leung, Y.-F. AU - Moore, R. L. T2 - Parks & Recreation DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 39 IS - 5 SP - 24-31 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Leisure matters to the environment: the era of ecoleisure AU - Leung, Y.-F. T2 - Australasian Parks and Leisure DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 7 IS - 2 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Open source GIS: A GRASS GIS approach AU - Neteler, M. AU - Mitasova, H. CN - G70.212 .N47 2004 DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// PB - Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers SN - 1402080646 ER -