TY - BOOK TI - Accuracy of service area estimation methods used for critical infrastructure recovery AU - Pala, O. AU - Wilson, D. AU - Bent, R. AU - Linger, S. AU - Arnold, J. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 441 SE - 173-191 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84908286528&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - MGZN TI - Managing Colorado potato beetle insecticide resistance: new tools and strategies for the next decade AU - Huseth, A.S. AU - Chapman, S.A. AU - Nault, B.A. AU - Groves, R.L. T2 - The Badger Common'Tater DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 66 SP - 10–13 M1 - 7 ER - TY - MGZN TI - Managing Colorado potato beetle insecticide resistance - new tools & strategies AU - Huseth, As AU - Nault, Ba T2 - VEGEdge DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 10 SP - 4 M1 - 9 PB - Cornell University Cooperative Extension ER - TY - CONF TI - Managing Colorado potato beetle neonicotinoid resistance: new tools and strategies for the next decade of pest control in potato AU - Huseth, As AU - Nault, Ba T2 - Empire State Producers Expo C2 - 2014/// C3 - Proceedings of the Empire State Producers Expo CY - Syracuse, NY DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/1/21/ PB - New York State Vegetable Growers Association ER - TY - JOUR TI - EVALUATION OF SYSTEMIC INSECTICIDES FOR THE CONTROL OF COLORADO POTATO BEETLE, POTATO LEAFHOPPER, AND APHIDS IN POTATO, 2013 AU - Groves, Russell L. AU - Chapman, Scott AU - Huseth, Anders S. AU - Crubaugh, Linda K. AU - Frost, Kenneth E. T2 - Arthropod Management Tests DA - 2014/1/1/ PY - 2014/1/1/ DO - 10.4182/amt.2014.E11 VL - 39 IS - 1 LA - en OP - SN - 2155-9856 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.4182/amt.2014.E11 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - FULL SEASON INSECTICIDE MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS FOR THE CONTROL OF COLORADO POTATO BEETLE IN WISCONSIN POTATO, 2013 AU - Groves, Russell L. AU - Chapman, Scott AU - Huseth, Anders S. AU - Crubaugh, Linda K. AU - Frost, Kenneth E. T2 - Arthropod Management Tests DA - 2014/1/1/ PY - 2014/1/1/ DO - 10.4182/amt.2014.E12 VL - 39 IS - 1 LA - en OP - SN - 2155-9856 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.4182/amt.2014.E12 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - REGISTERED AND EXPERIMENTAL FOLIAR INSECTICIDES TO CONTROL COLORADO POTATO BEETLE AND POTATO LEAFHOPPER IN POTATO, 2013 AU - Groves, Russell L. AU - Chapman, Scott AU - Huseth, Anders S. AU - Crubaugh, Linda K. AU - Frost, Kenneth E. T2 - Arthropod Management Tests DA - 2014/1/1/ PY - 2014/1/1/ DO - 10.4182/amt.2014.E10 VL - 39 IS - 1 LA - en OP - SN - 2155-9856 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.4182/amt.2014.E10 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - ONION THRIPS CONTROL IN ONION, 2013 AU - Nault, Brian A. AU - Huseth, Anders S. AU - Smith, Erik A. T2 - Arthropod Management Tests DA - 2014/1/1/ PY - 2014/1/1/ DO - 10.4182/amt.2014.E39 VL - 39 IS - 1 LA - en OP - SN - 2155-9856 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.4182/amt.2014.E39 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Variable concentration of soil-applied insecticides in potato over time: implications for management of Leptinotarsa decemlineata T2 - Pest Management Science AB - Abstract BACKGROUND Select populations of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata , in Wisconsin have recently become resistant to soil‐applied neonicotinoids in potato. Sublethal insecticide concentrations persisting in foliage through the growing season may select for resistance over successive years of use. Over the 2 years of this study, the aim was to document the in‐plant insecticide concentrations over time that result from four different types of soil‐applied insecticide delivery for thiamethoxam and imidacloprid in potato, and to measure the impact upon L. decemlineata populations following treatments. After plant emergence, insect life stages were counted and plant tissue was assayed weekly for nine consecutive weeks using ELISA . RESULTS Peak concentration of both imidacloprid and thiamethoxam occurred in the first sample week following plant emergence. The average concentration of both insecticides dissipated sharply over time as the plant canopy expanded 50 days after planting in all delivery treatments. Both insecticides were detected at low levels during the later weeks of the study. Among‐plant concentrations of both neonicotinoids were highly variable throughout the season. Populations of L. decemlineata continued to develop and reproduce throughout the period of declining insecticide concentrations. CONCLUSION Sublethal, chronic exposure to soil‐applied systemic insecticides resulting from these delivery methods may accelerate selection for resistant insects in potato. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry DA - 2014/12// PY - 2014/12// DO - 10.1002/ps.3740 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.3740 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluating Pollination Deficits in Pumpkin Production in New York AU - Petersen, J. D. AU - Huseth, A. S. AU - Nault, B. A. T2 - Environmental Entomology AB - Potential decreases in crop yield from reductions in bee-mediated pollination services threaten food production demands of a growing population. Many fruit and vegetable growers supplement their fields with bee colonies during crop bloom. The extent to which crop production requires supplementary pollination services beyond those provided by wild bees is not well documented. Pumpkin, Cucurbita pepo L., requires bee-mediated pollination for fruit development. Previous research identified the common eastern bumble bee, Bombus impatiens (Cresson), as the most efficient pumpkin pollinator. Two concomitant studies were conducted to examine pollination deficits in New York pumpkin fields from 2011 to 2013. In the first study, fruit weight, seed set, and B. impatiens visits to pumpkin flowers were compared across fields supplemented with B. impatiens colonies at a recommended stocking density of five colonies per hectare, a high density of 15 colonies per hectare, or not supplemented with bees. In the second study, fruit weight and seed set of pumpkins that received supplemental pollen through hand-pollination were compared with those that were open-pollinated by wild bees. Results indicated that supplementing pumpkin fields with B. impatiens colonies, regardless of stocking density, did not increase fruit weight, seed set, or B. impatiens visits to pumpkin flowers. Fruit weight and seed set did not differ between hand- and open-pollinated treatments. In general, we conclude that pumpkin production in central New York is not limited by inadequate pollination services provided by wild bees and that on average, supplementation with B. impatiens colonies did not improve pumpkin yield. DA - 2014/10/1/ PY - 2014/10/1/ DO - 10.1603/en14085 VL - 43 IS - 5 SP - 1247-1253 J2 - Environ Entomol LA - en OP - SN - 0046-225X 1938-2936 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/EN14085 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Environmental Fate of Soil Applied Neonicotinoid Insecticides in an Irrigated Potato Agroecosystem AU - Huseth, Anders S. AU - Groves, Russell L. T2 - PLoS ONE AB - Since 1995, neonicotinoid insecticides have been a critical component of arthropod management in potato, Solanum tuberosum L. Recent detections of neonicotinoids in groundwater have generated questions about the sources of these contaminants and the relative contribution from commodities in U.S. agriculture. Delivery of neonicotinoids to crops typically occurs as a seed or in-furrow treatment to manage early season insect herbivores. Applied in this way, these insecticides become systemically mobile in the plant and provide control of key pest species. An outcome of this project links these soil insecticide application strategies in crop plants with neonicotinoid contamination of water leaching from the application zone. In 2011 and 2012, our objectives were to document the temporal patterns of neonicotinoid leachate below the planting furrow following common insecticide delivery methods in potato. Leaching loss of thiamethoxam from potato was measured using pan lysimeters from three at-plant treatments and one foliar application treatment. Insecticide concentration in leachate was assessed for six consecutive months using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Findings from this study suggest leaching of neonicotinoids from potato may be greater following crop harvest in comparison to other times during the growing season. Furthermore, this study documented recycling of neonicotinoid insecticides from contaminated groundwater back onto the crop via high capacity irrigation wells. These results document interactions between cultivated potato, different neonicotinoid delivery methods, and the potential for subsurface water contamination via leaching. DA - 2014/5/13/ PY - 2014/5/13/ DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0097081 VL - 9 IS - 5 SP - e97081 J2 - PLoS ONE LA - en OP - SN - 1932-6203 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0097081 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Managing Colorado Potato Beetle Insecticide Resistance: New Tools and Strategies for the Next Decade of Pest Control in Potato AU - Huseth, Anders S. AU - Groves, Russell L. AU - Chapman, Scott A. AU - Alyokhin, Andrei AU - Kuhar, Thomas P. AU - Macrae, Ian V. AU - Szendrei, Zsofia AU - Nault, Brian A. T2 - Journal of Integrated Pest Management AB - Neonicotinoid insecticides have been the most common management tool for Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), infestations in cultivated potato for nearly 20 yr. The relative ease of applying neonicotinoids at planting coupled with inexpensive, generic neonicotinoid formulations has reduced the incentive for potato growers to transition from these products to other mode of action (MoA) groups for early-season L. decemlineata control. Continuous use of neonicotinoids has resulted in resistant L. decemlineata populations in some production areas of the eastern United States. Continued reliance on neonicotinoids will accelerate L. decemlineata resistance development and result in additional insecticide inputs to manage these populations. Resistance management recommendations for L. decemlineata have focused on rotation of insecticides within the growing season. Growers using at-plant neonicotinoids for early-season L. decemlineata control are encouraged to rotate MoAs for later generations to delay resistance development. Although this short-term insecticide rotation has likely prolonged the utility of neonicotinoid insecticides, reducing reliance on a single MoA soil application at planting will improve the longevity of newer, more reduced-risk alternatives. The objectives of this article are twofold: 1) to provide a review of the current status of L. decemlineata neonicotinoid resistance, and 2) to propose long-term resistance management strategies that arrange reduced-risk MoA groups into several, multiyear sequences that will maximize L. decemlineata control and reduce the probability for resistance development. This recommendation maintains practical and economical approaches for L. decemlineata control, but limits reliance on any single MoA group to minimize selection pressure for resistance development. DA - 2014/12/1/ PY - 2014/12/1/ DO - 10.1603/ipm14009 VL - 5 IS - 4 SP - 1-8 J2 - j integ pest manage LA - en OP - SN - 2155-7470 2155-7470 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/IPM14009 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - The future applications of agent-based modeling in marketing T2 - Routledge Companion to the Future of Marketing AB - Agent-based modeling (ABM) gives researchers the ability to model, at a natural level, large markets with many interacting components. The agents within ABM can exist at multiple levels, be heterogeneous in both properties and actions, and can even adapt their actions over time. This provides a powerful ability to represent real-world business phenomena at a rich level of detail. Within marketing, ABM has already been successfully used to model the di usion of information and adoption of products, but there are many other areas of interest to marketing researchers that could bene t from an ABM approach. For instance, retail location decisions, inter- rm relationships/strategy/competition, marketing mix models, and servicescape design could all bene t from being analyzed using ABM. In this chapter, we explore this method, potential future applications within marketing, and future research questions in the context of this methodology. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.4324/9780203103036.CH20 UR - https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/30937609/ ER - TY - CONF TI - How important is seismically-induced erosion above the Cascadia subduction zone? Insights from the stratigraphy of large lakes on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington State AU - Wegmann, K.W. AU - Leithold, E.L. AU - Bohnenstiehl, D.R. A2 - Gillespie, A. A2 - Montgomery, D. C2 - 2014/// C3 - Proceedings of the 23rd Biennial Meeting of the American Quaternary Association DA - 2014/// VL - 23 SP - 35–37 PB - University of Washington, American Quaternary Union ER - TY - CHAP TI - Raster-based analysis AU - Hardin, E. AU - Mitasova, H. AU - Tateosian, L. AU - Overton, M. T2 - SpringerBriefs in Computer Science AB - Raster-based analysis on two or more DEMs can provide information about change patterns and trends. A common approach to mapping elevation change between two surveys is DEM differencing, performed by map algebra within GIS (r.mapcalc in GRASS). For a larger number of elevation data snapshots, per cell statistics can be applied to the raster DEMs to derive summary maps, which reveal the spatial patterns of stable and dynamic sites, the time periods when sites reach their highest or lowest elevations, and the trends in elevation change. PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1007/978-1-4939-1835-5_3 VL - 0 SP - 27-34 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84990851424&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CHAP TI - Processing coastal lidar time series AU - Hardin, E. AU - Mitasova, H. AU - Tateosian, L. AU - Overton, M. T2 - SpringerBriefs in Computer Science AB - In this chapter, we analyze time series of lidar data point clouds to assess the point density, gaps in coverage, spatial extent and accuracy. Based on this analysis and a given application we select appropriate resolution and interpolation method for computation of raster-based digital elevation model (DEM). We explain computation of DEMs by per raster-cell averaging, two types of splines. Assessment of systematic error using geodetic benchmarks or other ground truth point data and correction of any shifted DEMs is the final step in creating a consistent DEM time series. PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1007/978-1-4939-1835-5_2 VL - 0 SP - 7-25 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84990851417&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CHAP TI - Introduction AU - Hardin, E. AU - Mitasova, H. AU - Tateosian, L. AU - Overton, M. T2 - SpringerBriefs in Computer Science AB - Management of highly dynamic coastal landscapes requires repeated mapping and analysis of observed changes. Modern remote sensing techniques, such as lidar, increased the frequency and level of detail in coastal surveys and new methods were developed to extract valuable information from these data using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). In this chapter we discuss mapping of coastal change, on-line data resources, and the basics of installation and working with open source GRASS GIS used in this book. PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1007/978-1-4939-1835-5_1 VL - 0 SP - 1-6 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85045018146&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CHAP TI - Feature extraction and feature change metrics AU - Hardin, E. AU - Mitasova, H. AU - Tateosian, L. AU - Overton, M. T2 - SpringerBriefs in Computer Science AB - Coastal change has been historically measured by metrics derived for specific coastal linear features such as shorelines. Linear features are also important for measuring sand dune migration based on the location of dune crests and slip faces and for prediction of coastal vulnerability. In this chapter we present methods for extracting shorelines, dune ridges, dune crests and building footprints from DEMs. Then we measure the change of these features and use them to map vulnerability to storms. PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1007/978-1-4939-1835-5_4 VL - 0 SP - 35-62 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85045013232&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CHAP TI - Volume analysis AU - Hardin, E. AU - Mitasova, H. AU - Tateosian, L. AU - Overton, M. T2 - SpringerBriefs in Computer Science PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1007/978-1-4939-1835-5_5 VL - 0 SP - 63-70 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85045012430&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CHAP TI - Visualizing coastal change AU - Hardin, E. AU - Mitasova, H. AU - Tateosian, L. AU - Overton, M. T2 - SpringerBriefs in Computer Science AB - Scientific visualization provides a means for effective analysis and communication of complex information that may be otherwise difficult to explain and explore. This particularly applies to coastal geomorphology, where 3D spatial and temporal patterns and relationships are critical for capturing landscape features and their dynamics. In this chapter we present GIS-based techniques for visualizing dynamic coastal landscapes using 2D maps, 3D perspective views, animations, and the space-time cube approach. PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1007/978-1-4939-1835-5_6 VL - 0 SP - 71-80 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85045013018&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sociotechnical risk assessment for water distribution system contamination threats AU - Rasekh, Amin AU - Shafiee, M. Ehsan AU - Zechman, Emily AU - Brumbelow, Kelly T2 - Journal of Hydroinformatics AB - Water distribution systems (WDS) are vulnerable to contaminants, and systematic risk assessment can provide valuable information for assisting threat management. Contamination events are sociotechnical systems, in which the interactions among consumers and water infrastructure may generate unpredicted public health consequences. This research develops a sociotechnical risk assessment framework that simulates the dynamics of a contamination event by coupling an agent-based modeling (ABM) framework with Monte Carlo simulation (MCS), genetic algorithm (GA) optimization, and a multi-objective GA. The ABM framework couples WDS simulation with agents to represent consumers in a virtual city. MCS is applied to estimate the uncertainty in human exposure, based on probabilistic models of event attributes. A GA approach is used to identify critical contamination events by maximizing risk, and a multi-objective approach explores the trade-off between consequence and occurrence probabilities. Results that are obtained using the sociotechnical approach are compared with results obtained using a conventional engineering model. The sociotechnical approach removes assumptions that have been used in engineering analysis about the static, homogeneous, and stationary behaviors of consumers, and results demonstrate new insight about the impacts of these actions and interactions on the public health consequences of contamination events. DA - 2014/5// PY - 2014/5// DO - 10.2166/hydro.2013.023 VL - 16 IS - 3 SP - 531-549 J2 - J Hydroinform LA - en OP - SN - 1464-7141 1465-1734 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2013.023 DB - Crossref KW - complex adaptive system KW - contamination KW - evolutionary algorithm KW - risk assessment KW - sociotechnical KW - water distribution system ER - TY - JOUR TI - Complex Adaptive Systems Framework to Assess Supply-Side and Demand-Side Management for Urban Water Resources AU - Kanta, Lufthansa AU - Zechman, Emily T2 - Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management AB - The availability of water resources in many urbanizing areas is the emergent property of the adaptive interactions among consumers, policy, and the hydrologic cycle. As water availability becomes more stressed, public officials often implement restrictions on water use, such as bans on outdoor watering. Consumers are influenced by policy and the choices of other consumers to select water-conservation technologies and practices, which aggregate as the demand on available water resources. Policy and behavior choices affect the availability of water for future use as reservoirs are depleted or filled. This research posited urban water supply as a complex adaptive system (CAS) by coupling a stochastic consumer demand model and a water supply model within an agent-based modeling (ABM) framework. Public officials were simulated as agents to choose water conservation strategies and interbasin transfer strategies, and consumers were simulated as agents, influenced by various conservation-based programs to select water conservation technologies and behaviors, and correspondingly update their individual demand models. A water supply reservoir was simulated to receive rainfall from the contributing watershed and to supply the demands of consumer agents. The ABM framework was applied to an illustrative urban case study. A set of scenarios was developed to represent moderate and strong water conservation strategies, and was simulated for a long-term precipitation record to evaluate the sustainability of water conservation practices. DA - 2014/1// PY - 2014/1// DO - 10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000301 VL - 140 IS - 1 SP - 75-85 J2 - J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. LA - en OP - SN - 0733-9496 1943-5452 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000301 DB - Crossref KW - Adaptive systems KW - Water management KW - Droughts KW - Pumps KW - Urban areas KW - Agent-based modeling KW - Complex adaptive systems analysis KW - Water conservation KW - Drought management plan KW - Adaptive pumping KW - Demand-side management KW - Supply-side management ER - TY - JOUR TI - An evaluation of the Stormwater Footprint Calculator and the Hydrological Footprint Residence for communicating about sustainability in stormwater management AU - Scott, Tommi Jo AU - Politte, Alyssa AU - Saathoff, Sean AU - Collard, Sam AU - Berglund, Emily AU - Barbour, Joshua AU - Sprintson, Alex T2 - Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy AB - Low-Impact Development (LID) can enhance sustainability in stormwater management by attenuating excess runoff. Relevant technologies are typically implemented at individual lots and require the engagement of homeowners and developers. A new educational tool, the Stormwater Footprint Calculator (SFC), was developed to improve knowledge and change attitudes and behavior regarding stormwater sustainability. Similar to online carbon-footprint calculators, the SFC synthesizes a participant’s answers about lot and neighborhood-level land use and calculates hypothetical effects on instream flows, using hydrologic simulation. Participants receive feedback about their storm-water footprint using a new metric, the Hydrologic Footprint Residence (HFR), which measures the effect of urbanization on stream flow based on the duration and extent of flooding. An experiment was fielded to test the SFC as a tool for communicating about sustainable stormwater management and to compare the HFR against an orthodox stormwater metric, peak flow. A convenience sample of undergraduate students (N= 510) participated in the experiment. The results indicate that completing the SFC improves knowledge about the causes of stormwater runoff and LID technologies (although not about the effects of stormwater, which was already high among the students), and it influences intention to support sustainable stormwater management. The results also indicate that HFR provides a viable alternative to conventional engineering metrics for communicating a stormwater footprint and shows the value of online calculators for communicating complex civil engineering concepts. DA - 2014/10// PY - 2014/10// DO - 10.1080/15487733.2014.11908129 VL - 10 IS - 2 SP - 14-27 J2 - Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy LA - en OP - SN - 1548-7733 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15487733.2014.11908129 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pneumocystis spp. and Histoplasma capsulatum in bats lungs in Southern and Midwestern Regions of Brazil,Pneumocystis spp. e Histoplasma capsulatum detectados em pulmões de morcegos das regiões Sul e Centro-Oeste do Brasil AU - Veloso, S.S.C. AU - Ferreiro, L. AU - Pacheco, S.M. AU - Da Silva, R.R.P. AU - De Concei?ão Souza, E. AU - Machado, G. AU - Wissmann, G. AU - Spanamberg, A. AU - Sanches, E.M.C. T2 - Acta Scientiae Veterinariae DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 42 IS - 1 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84941885003&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Isolation of dermatophytes and saprotrophic fungi from the hair coat of cats without skin disorders in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil,Isolamento de dermatófitos e fungos saprotróficos do pelame de gatos sem dermatoses na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre-RS, Brasil AU - Ferreiro, L. AU - Roehe, C. AU - Dorneles, A.S. AU - Machado, G. AU - Fraga, C.F. AU - Lupion, C.G. AU - Barroso, G.J. AU - Sanches, E.M.C. T2 - Acta Scientiae Veterinariae DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 42 IS - 1 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84941919465&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Campylobacter fetus in cattle from Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil,Campylobacter fetus em bovinos no estado do Rio Grande do Sul AU - Ziech, R.E. AU - Machado, G. AU - Kirinus, J.K. AU - Libardoni, F. AU - Kessler, J.D. AU - Pötter, L. AU - Vargas, A.C. T2 - Ciencia Rural AB - A campilobacteriose genital bovina (CGB) é uma doença infectocontagiosa causada por Campylobacter fetus, determina infertilidade temporária, endometrite leve e aborto em fêmeas, além de aumentar o intervalo entre partos. A ocorrência de CGB entre rebanhos no Brasil tem variado muito entre as diferentes regiões. Com isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar, por meio da reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR), a ocorrência de amostras positivas para C. fetus, oriundas de bovinos, no período de 1999 a 2010, no Rio Grande do Sul, e analisar a positividade em machos e fêmeas. Foram utilizadas 816 amostras procedentes de 37 municípios, localizados predominantemente nas mesorregiões sudoeste e centro ocidental rio-grandense, das quais 480 aspirados prepuciais (92 provenientes de duas centrais de inseminação artificial e 388 de estabelecimentos de criação - monta natural), 324 aspirados cervicais e conteúdo abomasal de 12 fetos bovinos abortados. Como resultado, 10,9% das amostras (89/816) foram positivas para C. fetus. Quando analisados os resultados em relação à origem das amostras, 6,5% (6/92) das coletadas de machos de centrais de inseminação foram positivas, e das obtidas de touros utilizados em monta natural, 9% (35/388). Já entre as fêmeas, esse percentual foi de 13,6% (44/324) e, nas amostras obtidas de fetos abortados, 33,3% (4/12) foram positivas. Quando analisados os 91 estabelecimentos de criação com monta natural e os 37 municípios, foram positivos 44,0% (40/91) e 63,2% (24/37), respectivamente. Com isso, foi demonstrada a importância da CGB para os rebanhos bovinos, e uma maior ocorrência de amostras positivas em fêmeas, quando comparadas às amostras provenientes de machos. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1590/s0103-84782014000100023 VL - 44 IS - 1 SP - 141-146 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84892398245&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - venereal disease KW - bovine genital campylobacteriosis KW - diagnosis ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cattle rearing in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil,Panorama da bovinocultura no Rio Grande do Sul AU - Silva, G. AU - Costa, E. AU - Bernardo, F.A. AU - Groff, F.H.S. AU - Todeschini, B. AU - Dos Santos, D.V. AU - Machado, G. T2 - Acta Scientiae Veterinariae DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 42 IS - 1 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84937808430&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Age related to the presence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in twenty one dairy herds in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil,Relação da idade na presença de bactérias resistentes a antimicrobianos em rebanhos leiteiros no Rio Grande do Sul AU - Santiago-Neto, W. AU - Machado, G. AU - Paim, D.S. AU - Campos, T. AU - Brito, M.A.V.P. AU - Cardoso, M.R.I. AU - Corbellini, L.G. T2 - Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira AB - A mastite bovina é uma doença importante na bovinocultura de leite, devido à sua alta incidência e perdas econômicas associadas principalmente com a produção de leite reduzida e aos custos do tratamento. O uso de antimicrobianos para o tratamento de casos clínicos e no período seco tem levantado preocupações quanto à seleção de cepas bacterianas resistentes. Isso também pode refletir na saúde pública, uma vez que bactérias resistentes, como o Staphylococcus aureus meticilina-resistente (MRSA), podem ser transmitidas aos seres humanos por contato direto com animais infectados ou produtos lácteos. A resistência das bactérias aos agentes antimicrobianos aumentou, em geral, devido a tratamentos ineficazes. Estudos realizados no Brasil com amostras não planejadas mostram aumento no padrão de resistência, principalmente em S. aureus. A exposição ao tratamento antimicrobiano repetido ao longo das lactações consecutivas de vacas pode ser um fator predisponente para o desenvolvimento da resistência antimicrobiana em bactérias que infectam o úbere. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a possível associação causal entre resistência antimicrobiana em bactérias isoladas a partir do leite bovino e dados como idade e período de lactação. As amostras de leite foram coletadas de 21 rebanhos leiteiros do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, selecionados aleatoriamente a partir da população-alvo de 1.656 explorações leiteiras semi-intensivas, estratificada por tamanho do rebanho. A bactéria foi considerada a unidade amostral, e para a estimativa de prevalência foram utilizados os seguintes parâmetros: uma frequência de 35% de Staphylococcus sp. resistentes à penicilina; um nível de confiança de 90%; e uma precisão absoluta de 12%. As bactérias foram isoladas de amostras de leite compostas de todos os quartos mamários de cada vaca após descartar os primeiros três ou quatro jatos de leite. Para acessar os potenciais fatores de risco, características dos animais foram obtidas através de uma entrevista com os produtores. Os exames laboratoriais foram realizados de acordo com as recomendações do National Mastitis Council. Um total de 242 isolados foi obtido de 195 vacas a partir da amostra do rebanho total (251 vacas). A prevalência de infecções foi descrita em grupos de acordo com o perfil epidemiológico: bactérias ambientais, contagiosas e outras. Estas perfizeram 57,3%, 26,3% e 11,2%, respectivamente, dos animais amostrados. Testes de suscetibilidade antimicrobiana contra 12 diferentes antimicrobianos foram realizados em 159 isolados. No total, 30% dos isolados testados mostraram resistência a pelo menos três grupos diferentes de antimicrobianos e foram classificados como multirresistentes. Foram observadas as freqüências mais elevadas de resistência contra a ampicilina para os estafilococos coagulase-negativo, seguida de eritromicina para estafilococos coagulase-positivo e tetraciclina para estreptococos. A análise de regressão logística mostrou uma relação significativa entre a idade das vacas e a presença de estafilococos coagulase-positivo multirresistentes e distribuição de classes diferentes de bactérias nos diferentes estratos etários, o que sugere uma concorrência dinâmica ao longo do tempo (p < 0,05). Animais com três a quatro anos tiveram 13,7 vezes mais chances (IC95% 1,4 - 130,2, p = 0,02) de ter estafilococos coagulase-positivo multirresistentes em comparação com aqueles com dois ou três anos. O tempo de exposição a agentes infecciosos e consequentes terapias sugere uma maior chance de colonização do úbere por patógenos resistentes devido à pressão de seleção repetida durante a vida. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1590/S0100-736X2014000700001 VL - 34 IS - 7 SP - 613-620 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84906815599&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Antimicrobial resistance KW - coagulase-positive staphylococci KW - coagulase-negative staphylococci KW - ageing epidemiology KW - dairy cattle ER - TY - BLOG TI - Citizen science at the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences AU - Cooper, C.B. T2 - Discover Citizen Science Salon DA - 2014/12/16/ PY - 2014/12/16/ UR - https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/citizen-science-at-the-north-carolina-museum-of-natural-sciences ER - TY - BLOG TI - New Association Wants You! Calling All Supporters of Citizen Science AU - Cooper, C.B T2 - PLOS CitizenSci blog DA - 2014/3/10/ PY - 2014/3/10/ UR - https://web.archive.org/web/20170909013707/http://blogs.plos.org/citizensci/2014/03/10/new-citizen-science-association-wants-you/ ER - TY - BLOG TI - First-ever Bluebird Twins Highlight Citizen Science’s value in studying rare events AU - Cooper, C.B. T2 - PLOS CitizenSci blog DA - 2014/3/26/ PY - 2014/3/26/ UR - https://web.archive.org/web/20170909074722/http://blogs.plos.org/citizensci/2014/03/26/first-ever-bluebird-twins-highlight-citizen-sciences-value-studying-rare-events/ ER - TY - BLOG TI - Expert Amateurs: local dive guides report sharks for citizen science AU - Cooper, C.B. T2 - PLOS CitizenSci blog DA - 2014/4/26/ PY - 2014/4/26/ UR - https://web.archive.org/web/20170908163229/http://blogs.plos.org/citizensci/2014/04/26/expert-amateurs-local-dive-guides-report-sharks-citizen-science/ ER - TY - MGZN TI - Expert Amateurs: local dive guides report sharks for citizen science AU - Cooper, C.B. T2 - Discover DA - 2014/5/9/ PY - 2014/5/9/ ER - TY - BLOG TI - Coop’s Citizen Sci Scoop: Fisherman, sailor, beachcomber, diver - the seas of research helpers AU - Cooper, C.B. T2 - PLOS CitizenSci blog DA - 2014/8/26/ PY - 2014/8/26/ UR - https://web.archive.org/web/20170909082916/http://blogs.plos.org/citizensci/2014/08/26/coops-citizen-sci-scoop-fishermen-sailor-beachcomber-diver-seas-research-helpers/ ER - TY - BLOG TI - Coop’s Citizen Sci Scoop: A tide of citizen science history revisited AU - Cooper, C.B T2 - PLOS CitizenSci blog DA - 2014/8/28/ PY - 2014/8/28/ UR - https://web.archive.org/web/20160802222233/http://blogs.plos.org/citizensci/2014/08/28/coops-citizen-sci-scoop-tide-citizen-science-history-revisited/ ER - TY - BLOG TI - Coop’s Citizen Sci Scoop: Birdwatchers have themselves that thank (and here is why you should thank them too) AU - Cooper, C.B T2 - PLOS CitizenSci blog DA - 2014/9/4/ PY - 2014/9/4/ UR - https://web.archive.org/web/20170908040311/http://blogs.plos.org/citizensci/2014/09/04/coops-citizen-sci-scoop-bird-watchers-thank/ ER - TY - BLOG TI - Coop’s Citizen Sci Scoop: The key to unlocking collaborative conservation for birds AU - Cooper, C.B T2 - PLOS CitizenSci blog DA - 2014/9/12/ PY - 2014/9/12/ UR - https://web.archive.org/web/20170908214311/http://blogs.plos.org/citizensci/2014/09/12/coops-citizen-sci-scoop-key-unlocking-collaborative-conservation-birds/ ER - TY - BLOG TI - Coop’s Citizen Sci Scoop: What Citizen Science Tells Us AU - Cooper, C.B. T2 - PLOS CitizenSci blog DA - 2014/5/16/ PY - 2014/5/16/ UR - https://web.archive.org/web/20170908155650/http://blogs.plos.org/citizensci/2014/05/16/coops-citizen-sci-scoop-citizen-science-told-us/ ER - TY - BLOG TI - Coop’s Citizen Sci Scoop: Weekly Roundup AU - Cooper, C.B. T2 - PLOS CitizenSci blog DA - 2014/5/23/ PY - 2014/5/23/ UR - https://web.archive.org/web/20170908114708/http://blogs.plos.org/citizensci/2014/05/23/coops-citizen-sci-scoop-weekly-roundup-2/ ER - TY - BLOG TI - Coop’s Citizen Sci Scoop: Shake it up with the fast pace of citizen science AU - Cooper, C.B. T2 - PLOS CitizenSci blog DA - 2014/5/31/ PY - 2014/5/31/ PB - PLOS UR - https://web.archive.org/web/20170908163225/http://blogs.plos.org/citizensci/2014/05/31/coops-citizen-sci-scoop-shake-fast-pace-citizen-science/ ER - TY - BLOG TI - Coop’s Citizen Sci Scoop: What would Thoreau do? AU - Cooper, C.B. T2 - PLOS CitizenSci blog DA - 2014/6/13/ PY - 2014/6/13/ UR - https://web.archive.org/web/20170907175909/http://blogs.plos.org/citizensci/2014/06/13/coops-citizen-sci-scoopwhat-would-thoreau-do/ ER - TY - BLOG TI - Coop’s Citizen Sci Scoop: Roundup of recent discoveries AU - Cooper, C.B. T2 - PLOS CitizenSci blog DA - 2014/6/27/ PY - 2014/6/27/ UR - https://web.archive.org/web/20170908065906/http://blogs.plos.org/citizensci/2014/06/27/coops-citizen-sci-scoop-roundup-recent-discoveries/ ER - TY - BLOG TI - Coop’s Citizen Sci Scoop: Jefferson’s legacy cultivates a nation of amateurs AU - Cooper, C.B. T2 - PLOS CitizenSci blog DA - 2014/7/4/ PY - 2014/7/4/ UR - https://web.archive.org/web/20150906004521/http://blogs.plos.org/citizensci/2014/07/04/coops-citizen-sci-scoop-jeffersons-legacy-cultivates-nation-amateurs/ ER - TY - BLOG TI - Coop’s Citizen Sci Scoop: Does citizen science get lost in translation? AU - Cooper, C.B. T2 - PLOS CitizenSci blog DA - 2014/7/11/ PY - 2014/7/11/ UR - https://web.archive.org/web/20150905194223/http://blogs.plos.org/citizensci/2014/07/11/coops-citizen-sci-scoop-citizen-science-get-lost-translation/ ER - TY - BLOG TI - Coop’s Citizen Sci Scoop: Patients who were research subjects and the doctors who listened – the citizen science of HIV/AIDS research AU - Cooper, C.B. T2 - PLOS CitizenSci blog DA - 2014/7/20/ PY - 2014/7/20/ UR - https://web.archive.org/web/20150905213057/http://blogs.plos.org/citizensci/2014/07/20/coops-citizen-sci-scoop-patients-research-subjects-doctors-listened-citizen-science-hivaids-research/ ER - TY - BLOG TI - The nine simultaneous lives of cats: cat tracker AU - Cooper, C.B T2 - PLOS CitizenSci blog DA - 2014/7/25/ PY - 2014/7/25/ UR - https://web.archive.org/web/20170907231722/http://blogs.plos.org/citizensci/2014/07/25/coops-citizen-sci-scoop-nine-simultaneous-lives-cats/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - A simple framework to estimate distributed soil temperature from discrete air temperature measurements in data-scarce regions AU - Liang, L.L. AU - Riveros-Iregui, D.A. AU - Emanuel, R.E. AU - McGlynn, B.L. T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1002/2013JD020597. VL - 119 IS - 2 SP - 407-417 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85018786020&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Choice of commuting mode among employees: Do home neighborhood environment, worksite neighborhood environment, and worksite policy and supports matter? AU - Yang, L. AU - Hipp, J.A. AU - Adlakha, D. AU - Marx, C.M. AU - Tabak, R.G. AU - Brownson, R.C. T2 - Journal of Transport and Health AB - Promoting the use of public transit and active transport (walking and cycling) instead of car driving is an appealing strategy to increase overall physical activity.To quantify the combined associations between self-reported home and worksite neighborhood environments, worksite support and policies, and employees' commuting modes.Between 2012 and 2013, participants residing in four Missouri metropolitan areas were interviewed via telephone (n = 1,338) and provided information on socio-demographic characteristics, home and worksite neighborhoods, and worksite support and policies. Commuting mode was self-reported and categorized into car driving, public transit, and active commuting. Commuting distance was calculated using geographic information systems. Commuters providing completed data were included in the analysis. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the correlates of using public transit and active commuting.The majority of participants reported commuting by driving (88.9%); only 4.9% used public transit and 6.2% used active modes. After multivariate adjustment, having transit stops within 10-15 minutes walking distance from home (p=0.05) and using worksite incentive for public transit (p<0.001) were associated with commuting by public transit. Commuting distance (p<0.001) was negatively associated with active commuting. Having free or low cost recreation facilities around the worksite (p=0.04) and using bike facilities to lock bikes at the worksite (p<0.001) were associated with active commuting.Both environment features and worksite supports and policies are associated with the choice of commuting mode. Future studies should use longitudinal designs to investigate the potential of promoting alternative commuting modes through worksite efforts that support sustainable commuting behaviors as well as the potential of built environment improvements. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1016/j.jth.2015.02.003 VL - 2 IS - 2 SP - 212-218 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84955193201&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Active commuting KW - Public transit KW - Neighborhood environment KW - Worksite support KW - Worksite policy KW - Employees ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hydrologic Impact Assessment of Land Cover Change and Stormwater Management Using the Hydrologic Footprint Residence AU - Giacomoni, M.H. AU - Gomez, R. AU - Berglund, E.Z. T2 - JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association AB - Abstract Urbanization impacts the stormwater regime through increased runoff volumes and velocities. Detention ponds and low impact development ( LID ) strategies may be implemented to control stormwater runoff. Typically, mitigation strategies are designed to maintain postdevelopment peak flows at predevelopment levels for a set of design storms. Peak flow does not capture the extent of changes to the hydrologic flow regime, and the hydrologic footprint residence ( HFR ) was developed to calculate the area and duration of inundated land during a storm. This study couples a cellular automata land cover change model with a hydrologic and hydraulic framework to generate spatial projections of future development on the fringe of a rapidly urbanizing metropolitan area. The hydrologic flow regime is characterized for existing and projected land cover patterns under detention pond and LID ‐based control, using the HFR and peak flow values. Results demonstrate that for less intense and frequent rainfall events, LID solutions are better with respect to HFR ; for larger storms, detention pond strategies perform better with respect to HFR and peak flow. DA - 2014/4/28/ PY - 2014/4/28/ DO - 10.1111/jawr.12187 VL - 50 IS - 5 SP - 1242-1256 J2 - J Am Water Resour Assoc LA - en OP - SN - 1093-474X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12187 DB - Crossref KW - hydrologic footprint residence KW - land cover change KW - urbanization KW - stormwater management KW - cellular automata KW - low impact development KW - sustainability KW - smart growth KW - detention pond ER - TY - THES TI - Understanding water use in Phoenix, AZ T2 - No Publisher Supplied DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.7282/T3XW4H4Z UR - https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/44211/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Where to Locate the Elastic Half-Space in Site Response Analysis, A Case Study Using Site Profiles from Charleston, SC, USA AU - Cabas, A. AU - Cárcamo, P. AU - Rodriguez-Marek, A. AU - Godfrey, B. AU - Olgun, G. T2 - Second European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology C2 - 2014/// CY - Istanbul, Turkey DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/8/25/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Water and ecological sustainability under near-term climate change AU - Arumugam, S. T2 - Water Sustainability and Climate (WSC) PI meeting C2 - 2014/1/28/ CY - National Institute of Food and Agriculture DA - 2014/1/28/ PY - 2014/1/28/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - Reducing the uncertainty in projecting future streamflow using paleo and instrumental records along with near-term climate change projections AU - Patskoski, J. AU - Arumugam, S. DA - 2014/6/18/ PY - 2014/6/18/ ER - TY - CONF TI - The Utility of CMIP5 Climate Change Projections in Estimating Hydrologic Impacts in the Conterminous US AU - Sinha, T. AU - Arumugam, S. T2 - UCOWR-NIWR-CUAHSI International Conference C2 - 2014/6/18/ CY - Tufts University, Medford, MA DA - 2014/6/18/ PY - 2014/6/18/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Implications of Water Use and Hydroclimatic Anomalies on the Freshwater Sustainability across the US Sunbelt AU - Arumugam, S. T2 - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting C2 - 2014/12/15/ CY - San Francisco, CA DA - 2014/12/15/ PY - 2014/12/15/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Improved Water and Energy Management Utilizing Seasonal to Interannual Hydroclimatic Forecasts AU - Arumugam, S. AU - Lall, U. T2 - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting C2 - 2014/12/15/ CY - San Francisco, CA DA - 2014/12/15/ PY - 2014/12/15/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Is there a weekend bias in clutch-initiation dates from citizen science? Implications for studies of avian breeding phenology AU - Cooper, Caren B. T2 - International Journal of Biometeorology DA - 2014/9// PY - 2014/9// DO - 10.1007/s00484-013-0742-z VL - 58 IS - 7 SP - 1415–1419 SN - 0020-7128 1432-1254 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00484-013-0742-z ER - TY - JOUR TI - The eBird enterprise: An integrated approach to development and application of citizen science AU - Sullivan, Brian L. AU - Aycrigg, Jocelyn L. AU - Barry, Jessie H. AU - Bonney, Rick E. AU - Bruns, Nicholas AU - Cooper, Caren B. AU - Damoulas, Theo AU - Dhondt, André A. AU - Dietterich, Tom AU - Farnsworth, Andrew AU - Fink, Daniel AU - Fitzpatrick, John W. AU - Fredericks, Thomas AU - Gerbracht, Jeff AU - Gomes, Carla AU - Hochachka, Wesley M. AU - Iliff, Marshall J. AU - Lagoze, Carl AU - La Sorte, Frank A. AU - Merrifield, Matthew AU - Morris, Will AU - Phillips, Tina B. AU - Reynolds, Mark AU - Rodewald, Amanda D. AU - Rosenberg, Kenneth V. AU - Trautmann, Nancy M. AU - Wiggins, Andrea AU - Winkler, David W. AU - Wong, Weng-Keen AU - Wood, Christopher L. AU - Yu, Jun AU - Kelling, Steve T2 - Biological Conservation AB - Citizen-science projects engage volunteers to gather or process data to address scientific questions. But citizen-science projects vary in their ability to contribute usefully for science, conservation, or public policy. eBird has evolved from a basic citizen-science project into a collective enterprise, taking a novel approach to citizen science by developing cooperative partnerships among experts in a wide range of fields: population and distributions, conservation biologists, quantitative ecologists, statisticians, computer scientists, GIS and informatics specialists, application developers, and data administrators. The goal is to increase data quantity through participant recruitment and engagement, but also to quantify and control for data quality issues such as observer variability, imperfect detection of species, and both spatial and temporal bias in data collection. Advances at the interface among ecology, statistics, and computer science allow us to create new species distribution models that provide accurate estimates across broad spatial and temporal scales with extremely detailed resolution. eBird data are openly available and used by a broad spectrum of students, teachers, scientists, NGOs, government agencies, land managers, and policy makers. Feedback from this broad data use community helps identify development priorities. As a result, eBird has become a major source of biodiversity data, increasing our knowledge of the dynamics of species distributions, and having a direct impact on the conservation of birds and their habitats. DA - 2014/1// PY - 2014/1// DO - 10.1016/j.biocon.2013.11.003 VL - 169 SP - 31-40 J2 - Biological Conservation LA - en OP - SN - 0006-3207 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2013.11.003 DB - Crossref KW - eBird KW - Citizen-science ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Invisible Prevalence of Citizen Science in Global Research: Migratory Birds and Climate Change AU - Cooper, Caren B. AU - Shirk, Jennifer AU - Zuckerberg, Benjamin T2 - PLoS ONE AB - Citizen science is a research practice that relies on public contributions of data. The strong recognition of its educational value combined with the need for novel methods to handle subsequent large and complex data sets raises the question: Is citizen science effective at science? A quantitative assessment of the contributions of citizen science for its core purpose--scientific research--is lacking. We examined the contribution of citizen science to a review paper by ornithologists in which they formulated ten central claims about the impact of climate change on avian migration. Citizen science was never explicitly mentioned in the review article. For each of the claims, these ornithologists scored their opinions about the amount of research effort invested in each claim and how strongly the claim was supported by evidence. This allowed us to also determine whether their trust in claims was, unwittingly or not, related to the degree to which the claims relied primarily on data generated by citizen scientists. We found that papers based on citizen science constituted between 24 and 77% of the references backing each claim, with no evidence of a mistrust of claims that relied heavily on citizen-science data. We reveal that many of these papers may not easily be recognized as drawing upon volunteer contributions, as the search terms "citizen science" and "volunteer" would have overlooked the majority of the studies that back the ten claims about birds and climate change. Our results suggest that the significance of citizen science to global research, an endeavor that is reliant on long-term information at large spatial scales, might be far greater than is readily perceived. To better understand and track the contributions of citizen science in the future, we urge researchers to use the keyword "citizen science" in papers that draw on efforts of non-professionals. DA - 2014/9/3/ PY - 2014/9/3/ DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0106508 VL - 9 IS - 9 SP - e106508 J2 - PLoS ONE LA - en OP - SN - 1932-6203 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106508 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Elevational trends in life histories: revising the pace-of-life framework AU - Hille, Sabine M. AU - Cooper, Caren B. T2 - Biological Reviews AB - ABSTRACT Life‐history traits in birds, such as lifespan, age at maturity, and rate of reproduction, vary across environments and in combinations imposed by trade‐offs and limitations of physiological mechanisms. A plethora of studies have described the diversity of traits and hypothesized selection pressures shaping components of the survival–reproduction trade‐off. Life‐history variation appears to fall along a slow–fast continuum, with slow pace characterized by higher investment in survival over reproduction and fast pace characterized by higher investment in reproduction over survival. The Pace‐of‐Life Syndrome ( POLS ) is a framework to describe the slow–fast axis of variation in life‐history traits and physiological traits. The POLS corresponds to latitudinal gradients, with tropical birds exhibiting a slow pace of life. We examined four possible ways that the traits of high‐elevation birds might correspond to the POLS continuum: ( i ) rapid pace, ( ii ) tropical slow pace, ( iii ) novel elevational pace, or ( iv ) constrained pace. Recent studies reveal that birds breeding at high elevations in temperate zones exhibit a combination of traits creating a unique elevational pace of life with a central trade‐off similar to a slow pace but physiological trade‐offs more similar to a fast pace. A paucity of studies prevents consideration of the possibility of a constrained pace of life. We propose extending the POLS framework to include trait variation of elevational clines to help to investigate complexity in global geographic patterns. DA - 2014/3/28/ PY - 2014/3/28/ DO - 10.1111/brv.12106 VL - 90 IS - 1 SP - 204-213 J2 - Biol Rev LA - en OP - SN - 1464-7931 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/brv.12106 DB - Crossref KW - life-history theory KW - altitude KW - clutch size KW - avian ER - TY - JOUR TI - Citizen Science: A Tool for Integrating Studies of Human and Natural Systems AU - Crain, Rhiannon AU - Cooper, Caren AU - Dickinson, Janis L. T2 - Annual Review of Environment and Resources AB - Citizen science has proliferated in the last decade, becoming a critical form of public engagement in science and an increasingly important research tool for the study of large-scale patterns in nature. Although citizen science is already interdisciplinary, it has untapped potential to build capacity for transformative research on coupled human and natural systems. New tools have begun to collect paired ecological and social data from the same individual; this allows for detailed examination of feedbacks at the level of individuals and potentially provides much-needed data for agent-based modeling. With the ongoing professionalization of citizen science, the field can benefit from integrating a coupled systems perspective, including a broadening of the social science perspectives considered. This can lead to new schema and platforms to increase support for large-scale research on coupled natural and human systems. DA - 2014/10/17/ PY - 2014/10/17/ DO - 10.1146/annurev-environ-030713-154609 VL - 39 IS - 1 SP - 641-665 J2 - Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. LA - en OP - SN - 1543-5938 1545-2050 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-030713-154609 DB - Crossref KW - public engagement in science KW - coupled systems KW - interdisciplinary research KW - socioecological systems KW - coupled human and natural systems KW - big data ER - TY - CONF TI - An adaptive control strategy for the West Africa Ebola outbreak AU - Meyer, Nicholas J. AU - Laber, Eric B. AU - Pacifici, Krishna AU - Reich, Brian J. AU - Drake, John C2 - 2014/// DA - 2014/// UR - http://daphnia.ecology.uga.edu/drakelab/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/meyer-et-al-geogia-tech-ebola-jan-22-2015.pdf ER - TY - RPRT TI - TNT Degradation by Natural Microbial Assemblages at Frontal Boundaries Between Water Masses in Coastal Ecosystems (ER-2124 interim report) AU - Montgomery, M.T. AU - Boyd, T.J. AU - Coffin, R.B. AU - Drake, L.A. AU - Hansen, L.T. AU - Osburn, C.L. A3 - Chemical Dynamics and Diagnostics Branch Naval Research Lab DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// M1 - NRL/MR/6110--14-9552 M3 - Memorandum report PB - Chemical Dynamics and Diagnostics Branch Naval Research Lab SN - NRL/MR/6110--14-9552 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Measurement of Nitroaromatic Explosives by Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography in Waters Collected Along a Tropical Estuary AU - Giordano, B.C. AU - Montgomery, M.T. AU - Osburn, C.L. AU - Lindsay, C. A3 - Chemical Dynamics and Diagnostics Branch, Naval Research Lab DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// M1 - NRL/MR/6110--14-9504 M3 - Memorandum Report PB - Chemical Dynamics and Diagnostics Branch, Naval Research Lab SN - NRL/MR/6110--14-9504 UR - https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a595043.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pneumocystis spp. and Histoplasma capsulatum in Bats Lungs in Southern and Midwestern Regions of Brazil AU - Veloso, S.C.S. AU - Ferreiro, L. AU - Pacheco, S.M. AU - Silva, R.R.P. AU - Souza, E.C. AU - Machado, G. AU - Wissmann, G. AU - Spanamberg, A. AU - Sanches, E.M.C. T2 - Acta Scientiae Veterinariae DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 42 SP - 1252 ER - TY - CONF TI - High frequency of bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil AU - Weber, M.N. AU - Silveira, S. AU - Machado, G. AU - Groff, F.H.S. AU - Mosena, A.C. AU - Silva, M.S. AU - Budaszewski, R.F. AU - Corbellini, L.G. AU - Canal, C. T2 - IX Mercosul Meeting of Virology C2 - 2014/// C3 - IX Mercosul Meeting of Virology DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 19 SP - 39–39 ER - TY - CONF TI - Rhodococcus equi prevalence in heathly adult horses from Brazil AU - Gressler, L.T. AU - Silveira, B. AU - Machado, G. AU - Corbellini, L.G. AU - Vargas, A.C. C2 - 2014/// C3 - The 3rd prato conference on 'the pathogenesis of bacterial diseases of animals' DA - 2014/// SP - 20 ER - TY - BOOK TI - GIS-based Analysis of Coastal Lidar Time-Series AU - Hardin, E. AU - Mitasova, H. AU - Tateosian, L. AU - Overton, M. AB - This SpringerBrief presents the principles, methods, and workflows for processing and analyzing coastal LiDAR data time-series. Robust methods for computing high resolution digital elevation models (D DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1007/978-1-4939-1835-5 PB - Springer SN - 9781493918348 9781493918355 ER - TY - CONF TI - The Importance of the Elastic Half-Space Assumption in Site Response Analysis AU - Cabas, A. AU - Rodriguez-Marek, A. T2 - Annual Meeting of the Seismological Society of America C2 - 2014/5/2/ C3 - Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Seismological Society of America CY - Anchorage, AK DA - 2014/5/2/ PY - 2014/5/2/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Influence of the Selection of Input Motions on the Systematic Errors Introduced in Site Response Analyses Conducted in Charleston, SC AU - Cabas, A. AU - Rodriguez-Marek, A. T2 - 86th Annual Meeting of the Eastern Section of the Seismological Society of America C2 - 2014/11/2/ C3 - Proceedings of the 86th Annual Meeting of the Eastern Section of the Seismological Society of America CY - Charleston, South Carolina DA - 2014/11/2/ PY - 2014/11/2/ ER - TY - CHAP TI - Application of Multidimensional Recruitment and Mentoring of Underrepresented Students AU - Nelson, S.A.C. AU - Johnson, A. T2 - Developmental Networks: Mentoring and Coaching at Work A2 - Dominguez, N. A2 - Gandert, Y. PY - 2014/// SP - 739-741 PB - University of New Mexico Mentoring Institute ER - TY - JOUR TI - Improving Forecasts for Water Management AU - Arumugam, Sankar AU - Wood, Andy AU - Rajagopalan, Balaji AU - Schaake, John T2 - Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union AB - Recent advances in seasonal to interannual hydroclimate predictions provide an opportunity for developing a proactive approach toward water management. This motivated a recent AGU Chapman Conference (see program details at http://chapman.agu.org/watermanagement/ ). Approximately 85 participants from the United States, Oceania, Asia, Europe, and South America presented and discussed the current state of successes, challenges, and opportunities in seasonal to interannual hydroclimate forecasts and water management, and a number of key messages emerged. DA - 2014/1/7/ PY - 2014/1/7/ DO - 10.1002/2014EO010004 VL - 95 IS - 1 SP - 3-3 J2 - Eos Trans. AGU LA - en OP - SN - 0096-3941 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014EO010004 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Climate risk management for water in semi–arid regions AU - Robertson, Andrew W AU - Baethgen, Walter AU - Block, Paul AU - Lall, Upmanu AU - Sankarasubramanian, Arumugam AU - de Assis de Souza Filho, Francisco AU - J Verbist, Koen M T2 - Earth Perspectives AB - New sources of hydroclimate information based on forecast models and observational data have the potential to greatly improve the management of water resources in semi-arid regions prone to drought. Better management of climate-related risks and opportunities requires both new methods to develop forecasts of drought indicators and river flow, as well as better strategies to incorporate these forecasts into drought, river or reservoir management systems. In each case the existing institutional and policy context is key, making a collaborative approach involving stakeholders essential. This paper describes work done at the IRI over the past decade to develop statistical hydrologic forecast and water allocation models for the semi arid regions of NE Brazil (the “Nordeste”) and central northern Chile based on seasonal climate forecasts. In both locations, downscaled precipitation forecasts based on lagged SST predictors or GCM precipitation forecasts exhibit quite high skill. Spring-summer melt flow in Chile is shown to be highly predictable based on estimates of previous winter precipitation, and moderately predictable up to 6 months in advance using climate forecasts. Retrospective streamflow forecasts here are quite effective in predicting reductions in water rights during dry years. For the multi-use Oros reservoir in NE Brazil, streamflow forecasts have the most potential to optimize water allocations during multi-year low-flow periods, while the potential is higher for smaller reservoirs, relative to demand. This work demonstrates the potential value of seasonal climate forecasting as an integral part of drought early warning and for water allocation decision support systems in semi-arid regions. As human demands for water rise over time this potential is certain to rise in the future. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1186/2194-6434-1-12 VL - 1 IS - 1 SP - 12 J2 - Earth Perspectives LA - en OP - SN - 2194-6434 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2194-6434-1-12 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Carbon Tradeoffs of Restoration and Provision of Endangered Species Habitat in a Fire-Maintained Forest AU - Martin, Katherine L. AU - Hurteau, Matthew D. AU - Hungate, Bruce A. AU - Koch, George W. AU - North, Malcolm P. T2 - Ecosystems DA - 2014/10/16/ PY - 2014/10/16/ DO - 10.1007/s10021-014-9813-1 VL - 18 IS - 1 SP - 76-88 J2 - Ecosystems LA - en OP - SN - 1432-9840 1435-0629 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-014-9813-1 DB - Crossref KW - carbon sequestration KW - climate change KW - ecosystem services KW - endangered species KW - fire KW - longleaf pine KW - Pinus palustris KW - prescribed burning KW - red-cockaded woodpecker ER - TY - CONF TI - Standardizing PhenoCam Image Processing and Data Products AU - Milliman, Thomas E. AU - Richardson, Andrew D. AU - Klosterman, Stephen AU - Gray, J.M. AU - Hufkens, Koen AU - Aubrecht, Donald AU - Chen, Min AU - Friedl, Mark A. C2 - 2014/// C3 - American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting Abstracts DA - 2014/// SP - B41K–019 PB - American Geophysical Union ER - TY - CONF TI - Using Time Series of Landsat Data to Improve Understanding of Short-and Long-Term Changes to Vegetation Phenology in Response to Climate Change AU - Friedl, M.A. AU - Melaas, E.K. AU - Sulla-menashe, D.J. AU - Gray, J.M. C2 - 2014/// C3 - American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting Abstracts DA - 2014/// PB - American Geophysical Union ER - TY - CONF TI - Increased carbon uptake in the eastern US due to warming induced changes in phenology AU - Keenan, Trevor AU - Bohrer, Gil AU - Friedl, Mark AU - Gray, Josh AU - Hollinger, David AU - Munger, J.William AU - Schmid, Hans Peter AU - Toomey, Michael AU - Richardson, Andrew AU - Wing, Ian Sue AU - Yang, Bai T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly T3 - Geophysical Research Abstracts C2 - 2014/// C3 - European Geosciences Union General Assembly Abstracts CY - Vienna, Austria DA - 2014/// PY - 2013/4/7/ VL - 16 PB - European Geosciences Union ER - TY - JOUR TI - Control of river stage on the reactive chemistry of the hyporheic zone AU - Byrne, P. AU - Binley, A. AU - Heathwaite, A. L. AU - Ullah, S. AU - Heppell, C. M. AU - Lansdown, K. AU - Zhang, H. AU - Trimmer, M. AU - Keenan, P. T2 - Hydrological Processes AB - Abstract We examined the influence of river stage on subsurface hydrology and pore water chemistry within the hyporheic zone of a groundwater‐fed river during the summer baseflow period of 2011. We found river stage and geomorphologic environment to control chemical patterns in the hyporheic zone. At a high river stage, the flux of upwelling water in the shallow sediments (>20 cm) decreased at sample sites in the upper section of our study reach and increased substantially at sites in the lower section. This differential response is attributed to the contrasting geomorphology of these subreaches that affects the rate of the rise and fall of a river stage relative to the subsurface head. At sites where streamward vertical flux decreased, concentration profiles of a conservative environmental tracer suggest surface water infiltration into the riverbed below depths recorded at a low river stage. An increase in vertical flux at sites in the lower subreach is attributed to the movement of lateral subsurface waters originating from the adjacent floodplain. This lateral‐moving water preserved or decreased the vertical extent of the hyporheic mixing zone observed at a low river stage. Downwelling surface water appeared to be responsible for elevated dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and manganese (Mn) concentrations in shallow sediments (0–20 cm); however, lateral subsurface flows were probably important for elevated concentrations of these solutes at deeper levels. Results suggest that DOC delivered to hyporheic sediments during a high river stage from surface water and lateral subsurface sources could enhance heterotrophic microbial activities. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. DA - 2014/8/15/ PY - 2014/8/15/ DO - 10.1002/HYP.9981 VL - 28 IS - 17 SP - 4766–4779 SN - 0885-6087 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/HYP.9981 KW - hyporheic zone KW - river stage KW - pore water KW - nutrients KW - biogeochemistry KW - dissolved organic carbon ER - TY - JOUR TI - Are hydropower and irrigation development complements or substitutes? The example of the Nam Ngum River in the Mekong Basin AU - Lacombe, G. AU - Douangsavanh, S. AU - Baker, J. AU - Hoanh, C.T. AU - Bartlett, R. AU - Jeuland, M. AU - Phongpachith, C. T2 - Water International AB - Hydropower and irrigation developments to address rising demand for food and energy are modifying the water balance of the Mekong Basin. Infrastructure investment decisions are also frequently made from a sub-catchment perspective. This paper compares river flows with irrigation development stages in the Nam Ngum sub-basin where the potential for irrigation and hydropower expansion is largely untapped. It shows that full hydropower development in this basin allows irrigation water use to triple, even as it reduces competition with environmental flow requirements. The implications for the wider Mekong are, however, unclear, particularly given uncertainty over parallel transformations elsewhere in the basin. DA - 2014/7/29/ PY - 2014/7/29/ DO - 10.1080/02508060.2014.956205 VL - 39 IS - 5 SP - 649-670 J2 - Water International LA - en OP - SN - 0250-8060 1941-1707 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2014.956205 DB - Crossref KW - water resources development KW - water balance KW - optimization/simulation model KW - Mekong ER - TY - JOUR TI - The costs of uncoordinated infrastructure management in multi-reservoir river basins AU - Jeuland, Marc AU - Baker, Justin AU - Bartlett, Ryan AU - Lacombe, Guillaume T2 - Environmental Research Letters AB - Though there are surprisingly few estimates of the economic benefits of coordinated infrastructure development and operations in international river basins, there is a widespread belief that improved cooperation is beneficial for managing water scarcity and variability. Hydro-economic optimization models are commonly-used for identifying efficient allocation of water across time and space, but such models typically assume full coordination. In the real world, investment and operational decisions for specific projects are often made without full consideration of potential downstream impacts. This paper describes a tractable methodology for evaluating the economic benefits of infrastructure coordination. We demonstrate its application over a range of water availability scenarios in a catchment of the Mekong located in Lao PDR, the Nam Ngum River Basin. Results from this basin suggest that coordination improves system net benefits from irrigation and hydropower by approximately 3–12% (or US$12-53 million/yr) assuming moderate levels of flood control, and that the magnitude of coordination benefits generally increases with the level of water availability and with inflow variability. Similar analyses would be useful for developing a systematic understanding of the factors that increase the costs of non-cooperation in river basin systems worldwide, and would likely help to improve targeting of efforts to stimulate complicated negotiations over water resources. DA - 2014/10/1/ PY - 2014/10/1/ DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/9/10/105006 VL - 9 IS - 10 SP - 105006 J2 - Environ. Res. Lett. OP - SN - 1748-9326 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/9/10/105006 DB - Crossref KW - hydroeconomic models KW - water resources planning and management KW - cooperation KW - reservoir coordination KW - irrigation KW - hydropower KW - Mekong ER - TY - CONF TI - A quantitative sustainability assessment: Effectiveness of green-blue infrastructure in a shrinking city AU - Freixas, C. AU - Fernandez, P.I.M. AU - Hipp, J.A T2 - 12th International Conference on Urban History C2 - 2014/// C3 - Cities in Europe, cities in the world: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Urban History CY - Lisbon, Portugal DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/9/3/ PB - European Association for Urban History ER - TY - JOUR TI - Lower Palaeolithic artifacts from Plakias, Crete: Implications for Hominin Dispersals AU - Runnels, C. AU - DiGregorio, C. AU - Wegmann, K.W. AU - Gallen, S.F. AU - Strasser, T.F. AU - Panagopoulou, E. T2 - Eurasian Prehistory DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - v. 11 SP - 129–152 UR - https://www.peabody.harvard.edu/node/2543 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Active simultaneous uplift and margin-normal extension in a forearc high, Crete, Greece AU - Gallen, S.F. AU - Wegmann, K.W. AU - Bohnenstiehl, D.R. AU - Pazzaglia, F.J. AU - Brandon, M.T. AU - Fassoulas, C. T2 - Earth and Planetary Science Letters AB - The island of Crete occupies a forearc high in the central Hellenic subduction zone and is characterized by sustained exhumation, surface uplift and extension. The processes governing orogenesis and topographic development here remain poorly understood. Dramatic topographic relief (2–6km) astride the southern coastline of Crete is associated with large margin-parallel faults responsible for deep bathymetric depressions known as the Hellenic troughs. These structures have been interpreted as both active and inactive with either contractional, strike-slip, or extensional movement histories. Distinguishing between these different structural styles and kinematic histories here allows us to explore more general models for improving our global understanding of the tectonic and geodynamic processes of syn-convergent extension. We present new observations from the south–central coastline of Crete that clarifies the role of these faults in the late Cenozoic evolution of the central Hellenic margin and the processes controlling Quaternary surface uplift. Pleistocene marine terraces are used in conjunction with optically stimulated luminesce dating and correlation to the Quaternary eustatic curve to document coastal uplift and identify active faults. Two south-dipping normal faults are observed, which extend offshore, offset these marine terrace deposits and indicate active N–S (margin-normal) extension. Further, marine terraces preserved in the footwall and hanging wall of both faults demonstrate that regional net uplift of Crete is occurring despite active extension. Field mapping and geometric reconstructions of an active onshore normal fault reveal that the subaqueous range-front fault of south–central Crete is synthetic to the south-dipping normal faults on shore. These findings are inconsistent with models of active horizontal shortening in the upper crust of the Hellenic forearc. Rather, they are consistent with topographic growth of the forearc in a viscous orogenic wedge, where crustal thickening and uplift are a result of basal underplating of material that is accompanied by extension in the upper portions of the wedge. Within this framework a new conceptual model is presented for the late Cenozoic vertical tectonics of the Hellenic forearc. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.04.038 VL - 398 IS - SP - 11 - 24 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X14002787 N1 - RN - ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mapping Asian Cropping Intensity With MODIS AU - Gray, Josh AU - Friedl, Mark AU - Frolking, Steve AU - Ramankutty, Navin AU - Nelson, Andrew AU - Gumma, Murali Krishna T2 - IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing AB - Agricultural systems are geographically extensive, have profound significance to society, and affect regional energy, climate, and water cycles. Since most suitable lands worldwide have been cultivated, there is a growing pressure to increase yields on existing agricultural lands. In tropical and subtropical regions, multicropping is widely used to increase food production, but regional-to-global information related to multicropping practices is poor. The high temporal resolution and moderate spatial resolution of the MODIS sensors provide an ideal source of information for characterizing cropping practices over large areas. Relative to studies that document agricultural extensification, however, systematic assessment of agricultural intensification via multicropping has received relatively little attention. The goal of this work was to help close this information gap by developing methods that use multitemporal remote sensing to map multicropping systems in Asia. Image time-series analysis is especially challenging in this part of the world because atmospheric conditions including clouds and aerosols lead to high frequencies of missing or low-quality observations, especially during the Asian Monsoon. The methodology that we developed builds upon the algorithm used to produce the MODIS Land Cover Dynamics product (MCD12Q2), but uses an improved methodology optimized for crops. We assessed our results at the aggregate scale using state, district, and provincial level inventory statistics reporting total cropped and harvested areas, and at the field scale using survey results for 191 field sites in Bangladesh. While the algorithm highlighted the dominant continental-scale patterns in agricultural practices throughout Asia, and produced reasonable estimates of state and provincial level total harvested areas, field-scale assessment revealed significant challenges in mapping high cropping intensity due to abundant missing data. DA - 2014/8// PY - 2014/8// DO - 10.1109/jstars.2014.2344630 VL - 7 IS - 8 SP - 3373-3379 J2 - IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observations Remote Sensing OP - SN - 1939-1404 2151-1535 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2014.2344630 DB - Crossref KW - Agriculture KW - remote sensing KW - time series ER - TY - JOUR TI - A tale of two springs: using recent climate anomalies to characterize the sensitivity of temperate forest phenology to climate change AU - Friedl, Mark A AU - Gray, Josh M AU - Melaas, Eli K AU - Richardson, Andrew D AU - Hufkens, Koen AU - Keenan, Trevor F AU - Bailey, Amey AU - O’Keefe, John T2 - Environmental Research Letters AB - By the end of this century, mean annual temperatures in the Northeastern United States are expected to warm by 3–5 °C, which will have significant impacts on the structure and function of temperate forests in this region. To improve understanding of these impacts, we exploited two recent climate anomalies to explore how the springtime phenology of Northeastern temperate deciduous forests will respond to future climate warming. Specifically, springtime temperatures in 2010 and 2012 were the warmest on record in the Northeastern United States, with temperatures that were roughly equivalent to the lower end of warming scenarios that are projected for this region decades from now. Climate conditions in these two years therefore provide a unique empirical basis, that complements model-based studies, for improving understanding of how northeastern temperate forest phenology will change in the future. To perform our investigation, we analyzed near surface air temperatures from the United States Historical Climatology Network, time series of satellite-derived vegetation indices from NASA's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, and in situ phenological observations. Our study region encompassed the northern third of the eastern temperate forest ecoregion, extending from Pennsylvania to Canada. Springtime temperatures in 2010 and 2012 were nearly 3 °C warmer than long-term average temperatures from 1971–2000 over the region, leading to median anomalies of more than 100 growing degree days. In response, satellite and ground observations show that leaf emergence occurred up to two weeks earlier than normal, but with significant sensitivity to the specific timing of thermal forcing. These results are important for two reasons. First, they provide an empirical demonstration of the sensitivity of springtime phenology in northeastern temperate forests to future climate change that supports and complements model-based predictions. Second, our results show that subtle differences in the character of thermal forcing can substantially alter the timing of leaf emergence and canopy development. By explicitly comparing and contrasting the timing of thermal forcing and leaf phenology in 2010 and 2012, we show that even though temperatures were warmer in 2012 than in 2010, the nature and timing of thermal forcing in 2010 lead to leaf emergence that was almost a week earlier than 2012. DA - 2014/5/1/ PY - 2014/5/1/ DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/9/5/054006 VL - 9 IS - 5 SP - 054006 J2 - Environ. Res. Lett. OP - SN - 1748-9326 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/9/5/054006 DB - Crossref KW - climate change KW - temperate forests KW - phenology ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mapping Crop Cycles in China Using MODIS-EVI Time Series AU - Li, Le AU - Friedl, Mark AU - Xin, Qinchuan AU - Gray, Josh AU - Pan, Yaozhong AU - Frolking, Steve T2 - Remote Sensing AB - As the Earth’s population continues to grow and demand for food increases, the need for improved and timely information related to the properties and dynamics of global agricultural systems is becoming increasingly important. Global land cover maps derived from satellite data provide indispensable information regarding the geographic distribution and areal extent of global croplands. However, land use information, such as cropping intensity (defined here as the number of cropping cycles per year), is not routinely available over large areas because mapping this information from remote sensing is challenging. In this study, we present a simple but efficient algorithm for automated mapping of cropping intensity based on data from NASA’s (NASA: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration) MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The proposed algorithm first applies an adaptive Savitzky-Golay filter to smooth Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) time series derived from MODIS surface reflectance data. It then uses an iterative moving-window methodology to identify cropping cycles from the smoothed EVI time series. Comparison of results from our algorithm with national survey data at both the provincial and prefectural level in China show that the algorithm provides estimates of gross sown area that agree well with inventory data. Accuracy assessment comparing visually interpreted time series with algorithm results for a random sample of agricultural areas in China indicates an overall accuracy of 91.0% for three classes defined based on the number of cycles observed in EVI time series. The algorithm therefore appears to provide a straightforward and efficient method for mapping cropping intensity from MODIS time series data. DA - 2014/3/20/ PY - 2014/3/20/ DO - 10.3390/rs6032473 VL - 6 IS - 3 SP - 2473-2493 J2 - Remote Sensing LA - en OP - SN - 2072-4292 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs6032473 DB - Crossref KW - phenology cycles KW - land cover KW - land use KW - planted area KW - gross sown area KW - cropping intensity ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluating remote sensing of deciduous forest phenology at multiple spatial scales using PhenoCam imagery AU - Klosterman, S. T. AU - Hufkens, K. AU - Gray, J. M. AU - Melaas, E. AU - Sonnentag, O. AU - Lavine, I. AU - Mitchell, L. AU - Norman, R. AU - Friedl, M. A. AU - Richardson, A. D. T2 - Biogeosciences AB - Abstract. Plant phenology regulates ecosystem services at local and global scales and is a sensitive indicator of global change. Estimates of phenophase transition dates, such as the start of spring or end of fall, can be derived from sensor-based time series, but must be interpreted in terms of biologically relevant events. We use the PhenoCam archive of digital repeat photography to implement a consistent protocol for visual assessment of canopy phenology at 13 temperate deciduous forest sites throughout eastern North America, and to perform digital image analysis for time-series-based estimation of phenophase transition dates. We then compare these results to remote sensing metrics of phenophase transition dates derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensors. We present a new type of curve fit that uses a generalized sigmoid function to estimate phenology dates, and we quantify the statistical uncertainty of phenophase transition dates estimated using this method. Results show that the generalized sigmoid provides estimates of dates with less statistical uncertainty than other curve-fitting methods. Additionally, we find that dates derived from analysis of high-frequency PhenoCam imagery have smaller uncertainties than satellite remote sensing metrics of phenology, and that dates derived from the remotely sensed enhanced vegetation index (EVI) have smaller uncertainty than those derived from the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Near-surface time-series estimates for the start of spring are found to closely match estimates derived from visual assessment of leaf-out, as well as satellite remote-sensing-derived estimates of the start of spring. However late spring and fall phenology metrics exhibit larger differences between near-surface and remote scales. Differences in late spring phenology between near-surface and remote scales are found to correlate with a landscape metric of deciduous forest cover. These results quantify the effect of landscape heterogeneity when aggregating to the coarser spatial scales of remote sensing, and demonstrate the importance of accurate curve fitting and vegetation index selection when analyzing and interpreting phenology time series. DA - 2014/8/19/ PY - 2014/8/19/ DO - 10.5194/bg-11-4305-2014 VL - 11 IS - 16 SP - 4305-4320 J2 - Biogeosciences LA - en OP - SN - 1726-4189 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4305-2014 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Efficient Use of Information in Adaptive Management with an Application to Managing Recreation near Golden Eagle Nesting Sites AU - Fackler, Paul L. AU - Pacifici, Krishna AU - Martin, Julien AU - McIntyre, Carol T2 - PLoS ONE AB - It is generally the case that a significant degree of uncertainty exists concerning the behavior of ecological systems. Adaptive management has been developed to address such structural uncertainty, while recognizing that decisions must be made without full knowledge of how a system behaves. This paradigm attempts to use new information that develops during the course of management to learn how the system works. To date, however, adaptive management has used a very limited information set to characterize the learning that is possible. This paper uses an extension of the Partial Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) framework to expand the information set used to update belief in competing models. This feature can potentially increase the speed of learning through adaptive management, and lead to better management in the future. We apply this framework to a case study wherein interest lies in managing recreational restrictions around golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) nesting sites. The ultimate management objective is to maintain an abundant eagle population in Denali National Park while minimizing the regulatory burden on park visitors. In order to capture this objective, we developed a utility function that trades off expected breeding success with hiker access. Our work is relevant to the management of human activities in protected areas, but more generally demonstrates some of the benefits of POMDP in the context of adaptive management. DA - 2014/8/6/ PY - 2014/8/6/ DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0102434 VL - 9 IS - 8 SP - e102434 J2 - PLoS ONE LA - en OP - SN - 1932-6203 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102434 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Reducing fatigue damage for ships in transit through structured decision making AU - Nichols, J.M. AU - Fackler, P.L. AU - Pacifici, K. AU - Murphy, K.D. AU - Nichols, J.D. T2 - Marine Structures AB - Research in structural monitoring has focused primarily on drawing inference about the health of a structure from the structure’s response to ambient or applied excitation. Knowledge of the current state can then be used to predict structural integrity at a future time and, in principle, allows one to take action to improve safety, minimize ownership costs, and/or increase the operating envelope. While much time and effort has been devoted toward data collection and system identification, research to-date has largely avoided the question of how to choose an optimal maintenance plan. This work describes a structured decision making (SDM) process for taking available information (loading data, model output, etc.) and producing a plan of action for maintaining the structure. SDM allows the practitioner to specify his/her objectives and then solves for the decision that is optimal in the sense that it maximizes those objectives. To demonstrate, we consider the problem of a Naval vessel transiting a fixed distance in varying sea-state conditions. The physics of this problem are such that minimizing transit time increases the probability of fatigue failure in the structural supports. It is shown how SDM produces the optimal trip plan in the sense that it minimizes both transit time and probability of failure in the manner of our choosing (i.e., through a user-defined cost function). The example illustrates the benefit of SDM over heuristic approaches to maintaining the vessel. DA - 2014/10// PY - 2014/10// DO - 10.1016/j.marstruc.2014.04.002 VL - 38 SP - 18-43 J2 - Marine Structures LA - en OP - SN - 0951-8339 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marstruc.2014.04.002 DB - Crossref KW - Structured Decision Making KW - Fatigue damage KW - Structural reliability ER - TY - JOUR TI - Net carbon uptake has increased through warming-induced changes in temperate forest phenology AU - Keenan, Trevor F. AU - Gray, Josh AU - Friedl, Mark A. AU - Toomey, Michael AU - Bohrer, Gil AU - Hollinger, David Y. AU - Munger, J. William AU - O’Keefe, John AU - Schmid, Hans Peter AU - Wing, Ian Sue AU - Yang, Bai AU - Richardson, Andrew D. T2 - Nature Climate Change DA - 2014/6/1/ PY - 2014/6/1/ DO - 10.1038/NCLIMATE2253 VL - 4 IS - 7 SP - 598-604 J2 - Nature Clim Change LA - en OP - SN - 1758-678X 1758-6798 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/NCLIMATE2253 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Direct human influence on atmospheric CO2 seasonality from increased cropland productivity AU - Gray, Josh M. AU - Frolking, Steve AU - Kort, Eric A. AU - Ray, Deepak K. AU - Kucharik, Christopher J. AU - Ramankutty, Navin AU - Friedl, Mark A. T2 - Nature DA - 2014/11// PY - 2014/11// DO - 10.1038/NATURE13957 VL - 515 IS - 7527 SP - 398-401 J2 - Nature LA - en OP - SN - 0028-0836 1476-4687 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/NATURE13957 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Climate change, fire management, and ecological services in the southwestern US AU - Hurteau, Matthew D. AU - Bradford, John B. AU - Fulé, Peter Z. AU - Taylor, Alan H. AU - Martin, Katherine L. T2 - Forest Ecology and Management AB - The diverse forest types of the southwestern US are inseparable from fire. Across climate zones in California, Nevada, Arizona, and New Mexico, fire suppression has left many forest types out of sync with their historic fire regimes. As a result, high fuel loads place them at risk of severe fire, particularly as fire activity increases due to climate change. A legacy of fire exclusion coupled with a warming climate has led to increasingly large and severe wildfires in many southwest forest types. Climate change projections include an extended fire season length due to earlier snowmelt and a general drying trend due to rising temperatures. This suggests the future will be warmer and drier regardless of changes in precipitation. Hotter, drier conditions are likely to increase forest flammability, at least initially. Changes in climate alone have the potential to alter the distribution of vegetation types within the region, and climate-driven shifts in vegetation distribution are likely to be accelerated when coupled with stand-replacing fire. Regardless of the rate of change, the interaction of climate and fire and their effects on Southwest ecosystems will alter the provisioning of ecosystem services, including carbon storage and biodiversity. Interactions between climate, fire, and vegetation growth provide a source of great uncertainty in projecting future fire activity in the region, as post-fire forest recovery is strongly influenced by climate and subsequent fire frequency. Severe fire can be mitigated with fuels management including prescribed fire, thinning, and wildfire management, but new strategies are needed to ensure the effectiveness of treatments across landscapes. We review the current understanding of the relationship between fire and climate in the Southwest, both historical and projected. We then discuss the potential implications of climate change for fire management and examine the potential effects of climate change and fire on ecosystem services. We conclude with an assessment of the role of fire management in an increasingly flammable Southwest. DA - 2014/9// PY - 2014/9// DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.08.007 VL - 327 SP - 280-289 J2 - Forest Ecology and Management LA - en OP - SN - 0378-1127 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.08.007 DB - Crossref KW - Biodiversity KW - Carbon KW - Emissions KW - Mitigation KW - Adaptation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mercury’s global contraction much greater than earlier estimates AU - Byrne, Paul K. AU - Klimczak, Christian AU - Celâl Şengör, A. M. AU - Solomon, Sean C. AU - Watters, Thomas R. AU - Hauck, II, Steven A. T2 - Nature Geoscience DA - 2014/3/16/ PY - 2014/3/16/ DO - 10.1038/NGEO2097 VL - 7 IS - 4 SP - 301-307 J2 - Nature Geosci LA - en OP - SN - 1752-0894 1752-0908 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/NGEO2097 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sensitivity of blood lead-air lead slope factors to particle size distribution of ambient air lead AU - Meng, Q. AU - Richmond-Bryant, J. AU - Davis, J.A. AU - Cohen, J. AU - Svendsgaard, D. AU - Brown, J.S. AU - Tuttle, L. AU - Hubbard, H. AU - Rice, J. AU - Kirrane, E. AU - Vinikoor-Imler, L. AU - Kotchmar, D. AU - Hines, E. AU - Ross, M. T2 - Environmental Science and Technology DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 48 SP - 1263–1270 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Understanding Which Graph Depictions Are Best for Viewers AU - Christensen, Johanne AU - Bae, Ju Hee AU - Watson, Ben AU - Rappa, Micheal T2 - Smart Graphics AB - We use data from a study of three different graph depictions: node-link, centered matrix, and quilts to explore how pathfinding time is influenced by the graph structure, measured by the number of nodes, links, skips and layers. We use regressions to determine the influence of these attributes. Furthering this idea, we begin to explore how individual users navigate through graphs. PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1007/978-3-319-11650-1_17 SP - 174-177 OP - PB - Springer International Publishing SN - 9783319116495 9783319116501 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11650-1_17 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CONF TI - Empirical Acceptance-Resistance Agent-Based Modeling Approach for Simulating the Adoption of Water Reuse AU - Kandiah, Venu K. AU - Berglund, Emily Z. AU - Binder, Andrew R. T2 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2014 AB - Though water reuse provides a promising and sustainable alternative for urban water supply, wide-scale implementation of water reuse within an existing water infrastructure system is challenged by the need for community-wide public acceptance and adoption. The public has historically perceived recycled water negatively, and, as a consequence, water reuse is typically omitted in the development of municipal water management plans. Consumer's base acceptance and rejection of new technologies on an intuitive analysis of their risks and benefits and their perceptions may change over time based on interactions with other consumers, decision makers, and engineering infrastructure systems. This research creates a modeling framework to simulate the changing perceptions of consumers and their adoption of water reuse. The modeling framework is used to develop understanding about the mechanisms that drive the dynamic evolution of perceptions, which can aid the planning and decision-making process for the integration of water reuse within existing water systems. This research develops an acceptance-resistance agent-based model to simulate the adoption and rejection of water reuse based on a "risk publics" framework, which is a theoretical model of how different groups perceive new technologies. The risk publics framework uses the perception of risk and benefits to determine the potential of households to adopt or resist new technology. Consumers are represented as agents, and their behaviors and attributes are developed using survey data of the U.S. population, which measures attitudes, knowledge, and behavioral intentions for recycled water. The data are analyzed to determine empirical relationships among individuals, the presence of social groups, and informational and communicative variables governing individual use of reclaimed water. The variables are encoded in the agent-based modeling framework to simulate the key social mechanisms that affect consumer acceptance of water reuse. The framework couples the acceptance-resistance agent-based model of consumers, an agent-based model of utility management, and water distribution system models of the drinking and reclaimed water systems. The framework will be used to explore the interactions among consumer behavior, management strategies, water reuse infrastructure, and the existing water supply infrastructure with adoption of water reuse. C2 - 2014/5/29/ C3 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2014 DA - 2014/5/29/ DO - 10.1061/9780784413548.183 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers SN - 9780784413548 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413548.183 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CONF TI - Complex Adaptive System Framework to Simulate Adaptations of Human-Environmental Systems to Climate Change and Urbanization: The Verde River Basin AU - Al-Amin, Shams AU - Berglund, Emily Z. AU - Larson, Kelli L. T2 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2014 AB - Water management in the arid western United States must address imminent increases in freshwater withdraws due to population growth and climate change. Stresses in the water supply system can be addressed through demand management, which restricts water uses or instates bans, incentivizes toilet retrofits or landscape conversions, and encourages conservation through outreach and education. These policies rely on the behaviors, compliance, and conservation of residential and agricultural users. This research develops a complex adaptive system (CAS) framework to analyze the dynamic interactions between changing water demands and limited water resources for population growth, land use conversion, and climate change scenarios. Water supply and demand for the arid Verde River Basin is explored through an agent-based model (ABM). Three types of agents are encoded, including policy makers (utility managers/planners) and agricultural and residential water users. Agents are initialized with business-as-usual behaviors, a set of signals, demand-reduction actions, and supply-augmentation actions. ABMs are coupled with water infrastructure models, which are in turn forced with hydro-climate and water demand projections to capture the feedbacks and simulate policy and consumer-level agents' roles in promoting balance between water demands and supplies. To determine the dynamics of societal responses to hydro-climatic extremes and the likelihood of water system adaptations to environmental change in the future, this research explores data about sociopolitical responses and actions by analyzing existing policies and management strategies. By synthesizing these data, a timeline of events and estimates for the relative probability of actions being taken are generated and used to encode policy-maker agents. The ABM framework provides important insights into the dynamic interaction of sociotechnical variables by simulating potential feedbacks of human-environmental and hydro-ecological systems that arise from adaptations to climate change and growth. Insight gained through this simulation study can be used to guide policy making under changing hydro-climatic scenarios over a long-term planning horizon. C2 - 2014/5/29/ C3 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2014 DA - 2014/5/29/ DO - 10.1061/9780784413548.181 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers SN - 9780784413548 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413548.181 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CONF TI - Multiobjective Optimization to Explore Tradeoffs in Rainwater Harvesting Strategies for Urban Water Sustainability AU - Ali, Alireza Mashhadi AU - Kandiah, Venu AU - Berglund, Emily Zechman T2 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2014 AB - Urban water systems are designed for centralized management, where water is collected at a central location, treated, and delivered to a population of users through a pipe network. Decentralized systems may generate water and energy savings beyond conventional approaches, as they reduce the demands on the potable drinking water system and the energy required for treatment and conveyance. For example, rainwater harvesting systems that are installed at individual lots can be used to capture and reuse rainwater to irrigate lawns. This research explores the tradeoffs among infrastructure costs, energy savings, and water savings as consumers adopt rainwater harvesting within an existing centralized water supply system. The presence of rainwater harvesting within a community of individual households is a sociotechnical process, as interactions among existing water supply infrastructure, utility managers, and consumers can influence the adoption of decentralized technologies and the performance of centralized infrastructure. The urban water supply system is simulated as a complex adaptive system to analyze the water use behavior of consumers and their influence on system-level sustainability. An agent-based model is constructed to simulate households as water-consumer agents and is coupled with a system dynamics simulation of a water reservoir to capture the feedbacks that drive the household-level adoption of rainwater harvesting. An evolutionary computation approach is coupled with the agent-based modeling framework to optimize multiple objectives and explore tradeoffs among energy requirements, water savings, and the cost of rainwater harvesting systems. The framework is demonstrated for a virtual case study to develop management strategies for sizing rainwater harvesting cisterns and achieving sustainability goals for a sociotechnical water supply system. C2 - 2014/5/29/ C3 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2014 DA - 2014/5/29/ DO - 10.1061/9780784413548.180 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers SN - 9780784413548 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413548.180 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CONF TI - An Agent-Based Modeling Approach to Simulate the Dynamics of Water Supply and Water Demand AU - Ali, Alireza Mashhadi AU - Shafiee, M. Ehsan AU - Berglund, Emily Zechman AU - Arumugam, Sankarasubramanian T2 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2014 AB - Water resources management requires an insightful balance between water demand and water supply. U.S. water supply is at risk of shortage due to population growth, land use changes, climate change, and water use behaviors of customers. Long-term water supply planning is conventionally based on projections of population growth and demands; however, the sustainability of water resources depends on the dynamic interactions among the environmental, technological, and social characteristics of the water system and local population. This research develops a sociotechnical model to simulate the interactions among the social and engineering systems. An agent-based model (ABM) is used to simulate households and water-use behaviors and is coupled with a set of technical models, including climate change projections, a hydrological watershed model, and a water reservoir model. The ABM framework simulates population growth as an increase in the number of household agents, which affects the water supply and demand balance through increasing demands. Household agents increase irrigation demands due to climate change and decrease indoor demands as they adopt low-flow appliances. Agents also respond to drought restrictions by limiting their use of water for outdoor application. The effects of these actions on the reservoir storage are simulated using engineering models and data describing the climatological and hydrological conditions of the watershed. The ABM framework is developed and demonstrated for the Raleigh, North Carolina, water supply system, which withdraws water from the Falls Lake Reservoir. The model is tested against historic data (1983-2013) and is used to explore the effectiveness of policies for the period 2013-2033. Conservation programs and drought restrictions are simulated to evaluate the need to develop new water sources in the future. The ABM framework facilitates simulations that generate new insight about the dynamics involved in the sustainability of water supply and demand. C2 - 2014/5/29/ C3 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2014 DA - 2014/5/29/ DO - 10.1061/9780784413548.179 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers SN - 9780784413548 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413548.179 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CONF TI - Tradeoffs in Public Acceptance and Water Savings in Using Reclaimed Water for Irrigation Applications AU - Schmidt, Michelle AU - Berglund, Emily Zechman AU - Binder, Andrew T2 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2014 AB - Water scarcity is a growing concern, due to stresses imposed by climate change, population growth, and urbanization. Reclaimed water is a reliable source that can be produced by treating wastewater and used to supplement nonpotable demands. According to the U.S. Geological Survey, 128 billion gallons of water are used per day for agricultural irrigation, accounting for roughly 31% of total water usage in the United States. Reclaimed water is a viable option for irrigation applications; however, the success of reclaimed water programs can be affected by public support. This research develops an approach for assessing water savings and acceptability for irrigation applications of reclaimed water. The potential for using reclaimed water in Wake County, North Carolina, is explored through the use of a modeling framework. Potential water savings are evaluated based on the volume of wastewater produced and irrigation demands. The perceptions of using reclaimed water are compared for diverse irrigation applications using results from a recently conducted national survey. Results demonstrate that acceptability for using reclaimed water to irrigate public parks, athletic fields, and residential lawns is higher than the acceptability of use for irrigating food crops. Tradeoffs between public acceptance and the potential reduction of water stress are explored to provide guidance for Wake County infrastructure planning. The modeling methodology is general and can be applied to determine water reclamation potential at the county level across the United States. C2 - 2014/5/29/ C3 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2014 DA - 2014/5/29/ DO - 10.1061/9780784413548.051 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers SN - 9780784413548 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413548.051 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Battle of the Water Networks II AU - Marchi, Angela AU - Salomons, Elad AU - Ostfeld, Avi AU - Kapelan, Zoran AU - Simpson, Angus R. AU - Zecchin, Aaron C. AU - Maier, Holger R. AU - Wu, Zheng Yi AU - Elsayed, Samir M. AU - Song, Yuan AU - Walski, Tom AU - Stokes, Christopher AU - Wu, Wenyan AU - Dandy, Graeme C. AU - Alvisi, Stefano AU - Creaco, Enrico AU - Franchini, Marco AU - Saldarriaga, Juan AU - Páez, Diego AU - Hernández, David AU - Bohórquez, Jessica AU - Bent, Russell AU - Coffrin, Carleton AU - Judi, David AU - McPherson, Tim AU - van Hentenryck, Pascal AU - Matos, José Pedro AU - Monteiro, António Jorge AU - Matias, Natércia AU - Yoo, Do Guen AU - Lee, Ho Min AU - Kim, Joong Hoon AU - Iglesias-Rey, Pedro L. AU - Martínez-Solano, Francisco J. AU - Mora-Meliá, Daniel AU - Ribelles-Aguilar, José V. AU - Guidolin, Michele AU - Fu, Guangtao AU - Reed, Patrick AU - Wang, Qi AU - Liu, Haixing AU - McClymont, Kent AU - Johns, Matthew AU - Keedwell, Edward AU - Kandiah, Venu AU - Jasper, Micah Nathanael AU - Drake, Kristen AU - Shafiee, Ehsan AU - Barandouzi, Mehdy Amirkhanzadeh AU - Berglund, Andrew David AU - Brill, Downey AU - Mahinthakumar, Gnanamanikam AU - Ranjithan, Ranji AU - Zechman, Emily Michelle AU - Morley, Mark S. AU - Tricarico, Carla AU - de Marinis, Giovanni AU - Tolson, Bryan A. AU - Khedr, Ayman AU - Asadzadeh, Masoud T2 - Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management AB - The Battle of the Water Networks II (BWN-II) is the latest of a series of competitions related to the design and operation of water distribution systems (WDSs) undertaken within the Water Distribution Systems Analysis (WDSA) Symposium series. The BWN-II problem specification involved a broadly defined design and operation problem for an existing network that has to be upgraded for increased future demands, and the addition of a new development area. The design decisions involved addition of new and parallel pipes, storage, operational controls for pumps and valves, and sizing of backup power supply. Design criteria involved hydraulic, water quality, reliability, and environmental performance measures. Fourteen teams participated in the Battle and presented their results at the 14th Water Distribution Systems Analysis conference in Adelaide, Australia, September 2012. This paper summarizes the approaches used by the participants and the results they obtained. Given the complexity of the BWN-II problem and the innovative methods required to deal with the multiobjective, high dimensional and computationally demanding nature of the problem, this paper represents a snap-shot of state of the art methods for the design and operation of water distribution systems. A general finding of this paper is that there is benefit in using a combination of heuristic engineering experience and sophisticated optimization algorithms when tackling complex real-world water distribution system design problems. DA - 2014/7// PY - 2014/7// DO - 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000378 VL - 140 IS - 7 SP - 04014009 J2 - J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. LA - en OP - SN - 0733-9496 1943-5452 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000378 DB - Crossref KW - Water distribution systems KW - Optimization KW - Design KW - Pump operation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evolutionary Computation-based Decision-making Framework for Designing Water Networks to Minimize Background Leakage AU - Shafiee, M.E. AU - Berglund, A. AU - Berglund, E. Zechman AU - Brill, E. Downey, Jr. AU - Mahinthakumar, G. T2 - Procedia Engineering AB - Abstract This research minimizes the impact of leaks on the operation of the system to reduce lost water while meeting typical management goals. A genetic algorithm approach is implemented within a high-performance computing platform to select tank sizes, pump placement and operations, placement of pressure control valves, and pipe diameters for replacing pipes. It identifies solutions that minimize water loss, operational costs, and capital costs, while maintaining pressure at nodes and operational feasibility for tanks. Multiple problem formulations are solved that use alternative objective functions and allow varying degrees of freedom in the decision space. The methodology is demonstrated to identify a water distribution system re-design for the C-Town case study. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1016/J.PROENG.2014.11.167 VL - 89 SP - 118-125 J2 - Procedia Engineering LA - en OP - SN - 1877-7058 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.PROENG.2014.11.167 DB - Crossref KW - genetic algorithm KW - water distribution system design KW - rehabilitation KW - infrastructure management ER - TY - CHAP TI - When Does Simulated Data Match Real Data? AU - Stonedahl, Forrest AU - Rand, William T2 - Advances in Computational Social Science AB - Agent-based models can be calibrated to replicate real-world data sets, but choosing the best set of parameters to achieve this result can be difficult. To validate a model, the real-world data set is often divided into a training and a test set. The training set is used to calibrate the parameters, and the test set is used to determine if the calibrated model represents the real-world data. The difference between the real-world data and the simulated data is determined using an error measure. When using evolutionary computation to choose the parameters, this error measure becomes the fitness function, and choosing the appropriate measure becomes even more crucial for a successful calibration process. We survey the effect of five different error measures in the context of a toy problem and a real-world problem (simulating online news consumption). We use each error measure in turn to calibrate on the training data set, and then examine the results of all five error measures on both the training and test data sets. For the toy problem, one measure was the Pareto-dominant choice for calibration, but no error measure dominated all the others for the real-world problem. Additionally, we observe the counterintuitive result that calibrating using one measure may sometimes lead to better performance on a second measure than could be achieved by calibrating using that second measure directly. PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1007/978-4-431-54847-8_19 SP - 297-313 OP - PB - Springer Japan SN - 9784431548461 9784431548478 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54847-8_19 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CHAP TI - Physicochemical Effects on Dissolved Organic Matter Fluorescence in Natural Waters AU - Osburn, Christopher L. AU - Del Vecchio, Rossana AU - Boyd, Thomas J. T2 - Aquatic Organic Matter Fluorescence A2 - Coble, Paula A2 - Lead, Jaimie A2 - Baker, Andy A2 - Reynolds, Darren M. A2 - Spencer, Robert G.M. PY - 2014/6/9/ DO - 10.1017/cbo9781139045452.012 SP - 233-277 OP - PB - Cambridge University Press SN - 9781139045452 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139045452.012 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - An Excel-Based Decision Support System for Supply Chain Design and Management of Biofuels AU - Acharya, Ambarish M. AU - Gonzales, Daniela S. AU - Eksioglu, Sandra D. AU - Arora, Sumesh T2 - International Journal of Operations Research and Information Systems AB - This article presents a Decision Support System (DSS) to aid managers with supply chain (SC) design and logistics management of biomass-for-biofuel production. These tools play a very important role in efficiently managing biomass-for-biofuel SCs and have the potential to reduce the cost of biofuels. The proposed model coordinates the long-term decisions of designing a SC with the medium term decisions of logistics management. This system has the ability to (a) identify locations and capacities for biorefineries, given the availability of biomass and costs; (b) estimate the minimum cost of delivering biofuels, which include transportation, investment, and processing costs; and (c) perform sensitivity analyses with respect to a number of parameters. Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) is used to create the interface of the DSS, and Excel's CPLEX Add-In is used to solve the mathematical models. DA - 2014/10// PY - 2014/10// DO - 10.4018/ijoris.2014100102 VL - 5 IS - 4 SP - 26-43 LA - en OP - SN - 1947-9328 1947-9336 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijoris.2014100102 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Contribution of particle-size-fractionated airborne lead to blood lead during the national health and nutrition examination survey, 1999-2008 AU - Meng, Q. AU - Richmond-Bryant, J. AU - Davis, J.A. AU - Cohen, J. AU - Svendsgaard, D. AU - Brown, J.S. AU - Tuttle, L. AU - Hubbard, H. AU - Rice, J. AU - Vinikoor-Imler, L. AU - Sacks, J.D. AU - Kirrane, E. AU - Kotchmar, D. AU - Hines, E. AU - Ross, M. T2 - Environmental Science and Technology AB - The objective of this work is to examine associations between blood lead (PbB) and air lead (PbA) in particulate matter measured at different size cuts by use of PbB concentrations from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and PbA concentrations from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for 1999-2008. Three size fractions of particle-bound PbA (TSP, PM10, and PM2.5) data with different averaging times (current and past 90-day average) were utilized. A multilevel linear mixed effect model was used to characterize the PbB-PbA relationship. At 0.15 μg/m(3), a unit decrease in PbA in PM10 was significantly associated with a decrease in PbB of 0.3-2.2 μg/dL across age groups and averaging times. For PbA in PM2.5 and TSP, slopes were generally positive but not significant. PbB levels were more sensitive to the change in PbA concentrations for children (1-5 and 6-11 years) and older adults (≥ 60 years) than teenagers (12-19 years) and adults (20-59 years). For the years following the phase-out of Pb in gasoline and a resulting upward shift in the PbA particle size distribution, PbA in PM10 was a statistically significant predictor of PbB. The results also suggest that age could affect the PbB-PbA association, with children having higher sensitivity than adults. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1021/es4039825 VL - 48 IS - 2 SP - 1263-1270 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84892696256&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Analysis of U.S. soil lead (Pb) studies from 1970 to 2012 AU - Datko-Williams, L. AU - Wilkie, A. AU - Richmond-Bryant, J. T2 - Science of the Total Environment AB - Although lead (Pb) emissions to the air have substantially decreased in the United States since the phase-out of leaded gasoline by 1995, amounts of lead in some soils remain elevated. Lead concentrations in residential and recreational soils are of concern because health effects have been associated with Pb exposure. Elevated soil Pb is especially harmful to young children due to their higher likelihood of soil ingestion. The purpose of this study is to create a comprehensive compilation of U.S. soil Pb data published from 1970 through 2012 as well as to analyze the collected data to reveal spatial and/or temporal soil Pb trends in the U.S. over the past 40 years. A total of 84 soil Pb studies across 62 U.S. cities were evaluated. Median soil Pb values from the studies were analyzed with respect to year of sampling, residential location type (e.g., urban, suburban), and population density. In aggregate, there was no statistically significant correlation between year and median soil Pb; however, within single cities, soil Pb generally declined over time. Our analysis shows that soil Pb quantities in city centers were generally highest and declined towards the suburbs and exurbs of the city. In addition, there was a statistically significant, positive relationship between median soil Pb and population density. In general, the trends examined here align with previously reported conclusions that soil Pb levels are higher in larger urban areas and Pb tends to remain in soil for long periods of time. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.08.089 VL - 468-469 SP - 854-863 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84884563732&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Soil lead KW - Pb storage KW - United States KW - Urbanized area KW - Population density ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Influence of Declining Air Lead Levels on Blood Lead–Air Lead Slope Factors in Children AU - Richmond-Bryant, Jennifer AU - Meng, Qingyu AU - Davis, Allen AU - Cohen, Jonathan AU - Lu, Shou-En AU - Svendsgaard, David AU - Brown, James S. AU - Tuttle, Lauren AU - Hubbard, Heidi AU - Rice, Joann AU - Kirrane, Ellen AU - Vinikoor-Imler, Lisa C. AU - Kotchmar, Dennis AU - Hines, Erin P. AU - Ross, Mary T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives AB - It is difficult to discern the proportion of blood lead (PbB) attributable to ambient air lead (PbA), given the multitude of lead (Pb) sources and pathways of exposure. The PbB-PbA relationship has previously been evaluated across populations. This relationship was a central consideration in the 2008 review of the Pb national ambient air quality standards.The objectives of this study were to evaluate the relationship between PbB and PbA concentrations among children nationwide for recent years and to compare the relationship with those obtained from other studies in the literature.We merged participant-level data for PbB from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III (1988-1994) and NHANES 9908 (1999-2008) with PbA data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. We applied mixed-effects models, and we computed slope factor, d[PbB]/d[PbA] or the change in PbB per unit change in PbA, from the model results to assess the relationship between PbB and PbA.Comparing the NHANES regression results with those from the literature shows that slope factor increased with decreasing PbA among children 0-11 years of age.These findings suggest that a larger relative public health benefit may be derived among children from decreases in PbA at low PbA exposures. Simultaneous declines in Pb from other sources, changes in PbA sampling uncertainties over time largely related to changes in the size distribution of Pb-bearing particulate matter, and limitations regarding sampling size and exposure error may contribute to the variability in slope factor observed across peer-reviewed studies. DA - 2014/7// PY - 2014/7// DO - 10.1289/ehp.1307072 VL - 122 IS - 7 SP - 754-760 J2 - Environmental Health Perspectives LA - en OP - SN - 0091-6765 1552-9924 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307072 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Case–control study evaluating the sow’s risk factors associated with stillbirth piglets in Midwestern in Brazil AU - Silva, Gustavo Sousa AU - da Costa Lana, Marconni Victor AU - Dias, Geovanny Bruno Gonçalves AU - da Cruz, Raquel Aparecida Sales AU - Lopes, Leticya Lerner AU - Machado, Gustavo AU - Corbellini, Luis Gustavo AU - Gava, Danielle AU - Souza, Marcos Almeida AU - Pescador, Caroline Argenta T2 - Tropical Animal Health and Production DA - 2014/12/17/ PY - 2014/12/17/ DO - 10.1007/s11250-014-0745-8 VL - 47 IS - 2 SP - 445-449 J2 - Trop Anim Health Prod LA - en OP - SN - 0049-4747 1573-7438 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11250-014-0745-8 DB - Crossref KW - Piglets KW - Reproduction KW - Sow KW - Stillbirth ER - TY - JOUR TI - Increasing flexibility in rangeland management during drought AU - Kachergis, Emily AU - Derner, Justin D. AU - Cutts, Bethany B. AU - Roche, Leslie M. AU - Eviner, Valerie T. AU - Lubell, Mark N. AU - Tate, Kenneth W. T2 - Ecosphere AB - Extreme droughts like the recent 2011–2013 drought impacting the central and western United States present a challenge to sustaining livestock ranching operations and the ecosystem goods and services they produce. Wyoming ranchers manage half of this drought‐prone state and are at the forefront of this challenge. We examined Wyoming ranchers' drought management strategies and how ranch characteristics affect drought management flexibility, a key component of resilience, through a mail survey. We find that many survey respondents manage drought in similar ways, by selling livestock and buying feed, highlighting the market risks associated with drought. Ranches that are larger, include yearling livestock, use shorter grazing periods, and/or incorporate alternative on‐ranch activities (e.g., hunting) use more drought management practices and thus have greater flexibility. Larger ranches experience fewer drought impacts, highlighting advantages of a larger resource base. Our findings suggest three components of national drought policy that encourages flexibility and thus increases resilience of ranches to drought: (1) encouraging forage‐sharing mechanisms; (2) promoting income diversification that is independent of climatic variability; and (3) facilitating a shift to diversified livestock production systems. These measures could increase sustainability of ranching livelihoods and provision of ecosystem services despite predicted increases in intensity and duration of future droughts. DA - 2014/6// PY - 2014/6// DO - 10.1890/ES13-00402.1 VL - 5 IS - 6 SP - art77-art77 J2 - Ecosphere LA - en OP - SN - 2150-8925 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/ES13-00402.1 DB - Crossref KW - adaptive capacity KW - agricultural policy KW - climate variability KW - ecosystem services KW - fragmentation KW - livestock production KW - mixed-grass prairie KW - ranchers KW - resilience KW - sagebrush steppe KW - Wyoming KW - USA ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of buffer size and shape on associations between the built environment and energy balance AU - James, Peter AU - Berrigan, David AU - Hart, Jaime E. AU - Hipp, J. Aaron AU - Hoehner, Christine M. AU - Kerr, Jacqueline AU - Major, Jacqueline M. AU - Oka, Masayoshi AU - Laden, Francine T2 - Health & Place AB - Uncertainty in the relevant spatial context may drive heterogeneity in findings on the built environment and energy balance. To estimate the effect of this uncertainty, we conducted a sensitivity analysis defining intersection and business densities and counts within different buffer sizes and shapes on associations with self-reported walking and body mass index. Linear regression results indicated that the scale and shape of buffers influenced study results and may partly explain the inconsistent findings in the built environment and energy balance literature. DA - 2014/5// PY - 2014/5// DO - 10.1016/j.healthplace.2014.02.003 VL - 27 SP - 162-170 SN - 1353-8292 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2014.02.003 KW - Built environment KW - Walking KW - Body mass index KW - Geographic information systems KW - Spatial uncertainty ER - TY - JOUR TI - Planning for health: A community-based spatial analysis of park availability and chronic disease across the lifespan AU - Besenyi, Gina M. AU - Kaczynski, Andrew T. AU - Stanis, Sonja A. Wilhelm AU - Bergstrom, Ryan D. AU - Lightner, Joseph S. AU - Hipp, J. Aaron T2 - Health & Place AB - The purpose of this study was to explore the spatial relationship between park availability and chronic health conditions (CHCs) across age groups in Kansas City, MO. Multinomial logistic regression examined the association between having a park within one-half mile from home and the likelihood of having 0, 1, or 2 or more CHCs. Among respondents aged 40–59, those without a park within one-half mile from home were more than twice as likely to have 2 or more CHCs compared to respondents that had a park nearby. Parks may be an important protective factor for chronic diseases, especially among middle-aged adults among whom access to neighborhood recreational environments may be particularly important. DA - 2014/5// PY - 2014/5// DO - 10.1016/j.healthplace.2014.02.005 VL - 27 SP - 102-105 J2 - Health & Place LA - en OP - SN - 1353-8292 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2014.02.005 DB - Crossref KW - Parks KW - Recreation KW - Chronic disease KW - GIS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Use of Emerging Technologies to Assess Differences in Outdoor Physical Activity in St. Louis, Missouri AU - Adlakha, Deepti AU - Budd, Elizabeth L. AU - Gernes, Rebecca AU - Sequeira, Sonia AU - Hipp, James A. T2 - Frontiers in Public Health AB - IntroductionAbundant evidence shows that regular physical activity (PA) is an effective strategy for preventing obesity in people of diverse socioeconomic status (SES) and race groups. The proportion of PA performed in parks and how this differs by proximate neighborhood SES has not been thoroughly investigated. The present project analyzes online public web data feeds to assess differences in outdoor PA by neighborhood SES in St. Louis, Missouri, US.MethodsFirst, running and walking routes submitted by users of the website MapMyRun.com were downloaded. The website enables participants to plan, map, record, and share their exercise routes and outdoor activities like runs, walks, and hikes in an online database. Next, the routes were visually illustrated using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Thereafter, using park data and 2010 Missouri census poverty data, the odds of running and walking routes traversing a low-SES neighborhood, and traversing a park in a low-SES neighborhood were examined in comparison to routes in high-SES neighborhoods and high-SES parks.Results Results show that a majority of running and walking routes occur in, or at least traverse through a park. However, this finding does not hold when comparing low-SES neighborhoods to higher-SES neighborhoods in St. Louis. The odds of running in a park in a low-SES neighborhood were 54 percent lower than running in a park in a higher-SES neighborhood (OR=0.46, CI=0.17-1.23). The odds of walking in a park in a low-SES neighborhood were 17 percent lower than walking in a park in a higher-SES neighborhood (OR = 0.83, CI = 0.26-2.61).ConclusionsThe novel methods of this study include the use of inexpensive, unobtrusive, and publicly available web data feeds to evaluate PA in parks and differences by neighborhood SES. Emerging technologies like MapMyRun.com present significant advantages to enhance tracking of user-defined PA across large geographic and temporal settings. DA - 2014/5/23/ PY - 2014/5/23/ DO - 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00041 VL - 2 IS - MAY J2 - Front. Public Health OP - SN - 2296-2565 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2014.00041 DB - Crossref KW - physical activity KW - parks KW - MapMyRun.com KW - socioeconomic status KW - web data feeds ER - TY - JOUR TI - Point-of-decision prompts for increasing park-based physical activity: A crowdsource analysis AU - Kaczynski, Andrew T. AU - Wilhelm Stanis, Sonja A. AU - Hipp, J. Aaron T2 - Preventive Medicine AB - To examine the potential efficacy of using point-of-decision prompts to influence intentions to be active in a park setting.In June 2013, participants from across the U.S. (n=250) completed an online experiment using Amazon's Mechanical Turk and Survey Monkey. Participants were randomly exposed to a park photo containing a persuasive, theoretically based message in the form of a sign (treatment) or an identical photo with no sign (control). Differences in intentions to engage in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity within the park were examined between the two conditions for multiple gender, age, and race groups.Participants who were exposed to the park photo with the sign reported significantly greater intentions to be active than those who viewed the photo without a sign. This effect was stronger for women and largely null for men, but no differences were observed across age or race groups.Point-of-decision prompts are a relatively inexpensive, simple, sustainable, and scalable strategy for evoking behavior change in parks and further testing of diverse messages in actual park settings is warranted. DA - 2014/12// PY - 2014/12// DO - 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.08.029 VL - 69 SP - 87-89 J2 - Preventive Medicine LA - en OP - SN - 0091-7435 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.08.029 DB - Crossref KW - Parks KW - Built environment KW - Physical activity KW - Crowdsourcing ER - TY - JOUR TI - Open Streets Initiatives in the United States: Closed to Traffic, Open to Physical Activity AU - Kuhlberg, Jill A. AU - Hipp, J. Aaron AU - Eyler, Amy AU - Chang, Genevieve T2 - Journal of Physical Activity and Health AB - The ciclovía, or open streets concept, is a community-level physical activity (PA) promotion strategy where streets are closed to motorized traffic and open for individuals to engage in PA. This paper presents an overview of such initiatives in the United States (US) to understand their potential in PA promotion, comparing event and city characteristics.We searched ciclovía and open streets initiatives held in 2011 in the US using internet searches, publication databases, social media, and personal contacts. We extracted data on the each initiative's frequency, route length, attendance, evaluation procedures, and sociodemographic characteristics of host cities.Our search yielded 47 US cities with open streets in 2011. Cities were diverse in sociodemographic characteristics. Route lengths ranged from a few blocks to 51 miles and event frequency ranged from annual to monthly. Reporting number of participants for events was sporadic. Few events conducted formal evaluations.The number of US cities hosting open streets is increasing. The sociodemographics of the host cities suggest a potential to increase physical activity in populations at risk for developing chronic diseases through these initiatives. However, further evaluation is required. Identifying successful promotion and evaluation tactics would boost the health promotion potential of these initiatives. DA - 2014/11// PY - 2014/11// DO - 10.1123/jpah.2012-0376 VL - 11 IS - 8 SP - 1468-1474 OP - SN - 1543-3080 1543-5474 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2012-0376 DB - Crossref KW - walking KW - pedestrians ER - TY - JOUR TI - Correlates of Walking for Transportation and Use of Public Transportation Among Adults in St Louis, Missouri, 2012 AU - Zwald, Marissa L. AU - Hipp, James A. AU - Corseuil, Marui W. AU - Dodson, Elizabeth A. T2 - Preventing Chronic Disease AB - Attributes of the built environment can influence active transportation, including use of public transportation. However, the relationship between perceptions of the built environment and use of public transportation deserves further attention. The objectives of this study were 1) to assess the relationship between personal characteristics and public transportation use with meeting national recommendations for moderate physical activity through walking for transportation and 2) to examine associations between personal and perceived environmental factors and frequency of public transportation use. DA - 2014/7/3/ PY - 2014/7/3/ DO - 10.5888/pcd11.140125 VL - 11 IS - 7 J2 - Prev. Chronic Dis. OP - SN - 1545-1151 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd11.140125 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Emerging Technologies to Promote and Evaluate Physical Activity: Cutting-Edge Research and Future Directions AU - Graham, Dan J. AU - Hipp, J. Aaron T2 - Frontiers in Public Health AB - EDITORIAL article Front. Public Health, 27 June 2014Sec. Public Health Education and Promotion Volume 2 - 2014 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2014.00066 DA - 2014/6/27/ PY - 2014/6/27/ DO - 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00066 VL - 2 IS - JUN J2 - Front. Public Health OP - SN - 2296-2565 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2014.00066 DB - Crossref KW - physical activity KW - emerging technology KW - global positioning systems KW - accelerometers KW - smartphone app KW - built environment KW - online KW - interventions ER - TY - JOUR TI - Occupational Sitting and Weight Status in a Diverse Sample of Employees in Midwest Metropolitan Cities, 2012–2013 AU - Yang, Lin AU - Hipp, J. Aaron AU - Marx, Christine M. AU - Brownson, Ross C. T2 - Preventing Chronic Disease AB - Few studies have examined the association between occupational sitting and body mass index (BMI). There is a particular lack of evidence among diverse populations. The objective of this study was to quantify the association between self-reported occupational sitting time and BMI by sex and race, independent of levels of occupational and leisure-time physical activity. DA - 2014/11/20/ PY - 2014/11/20/ DO - 10.5888/pcd11.140286 VL - 11 IS - 11 J2 - Prev. Chronic Dis. OP - SN - 1545-1151 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd11.140286 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Taking Physical Activity to the Streets: The Popularity of Ciclovía and Open Streets Initiatives in the United States AU - Hipp, J. Aaron AU - Eyler, Amy A. AU - Zieff, Susan G. AU - Samuelson, Michael A. T2 - American Journal of Health Promotion DA - 2014/1// PY - 2014/1// DO - 10.4278/ajhp.28.3s.S114 VL - 28 IS - 3_suppl SP - S114-S115 J2 - Am J Health Promot LA - en OP - SN - 0890-1171 2168-6602 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/ajhp.28.3s.S114 DB - Crossref ER - TY - ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mapping tree health using airborne full-waveform laser scans and hyperspectral imagery: a case study for floodplain eucalypt forest AU - Shendryk, I. AU - Tulbure, M. G. AU - Broich, M. T2 - AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 1 SP - 0081 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Land surface phenological response to decadal climate variability across Australia using satellite remote sensing AU - Broich, M. AU - Huete, A. AU - Tulbure, M. G. AU - Ma, X. AU - Xin, Q. AU - Paget, M. AU - Restrepo-Coupe, N. AU - Davies, K. AU - Devadas, R. AU - Held, A. AU - al., T2 - Biogeosciences Discussions AB - Abstract. Land surface phenological cycles of vegetation greening and browning are influenced by variability in climatic forcing. Quantitative spatial information on phenological cycles and their variability is important for agricultural applications, wildfire fuel accumulation, land management, land surface modeling, and climate change studies. Most phenology studies have focused on temperature-driven Northern Hemisphere systems, where phenology shows annually recurring patterns. However, precipitation-driven non-annual phenology of arid and semi-arid systems (i.e., drylands) received much less attention, despite the fact that they cover more than 30% of the global land surface. Here, we focused on Australia, a continent with one of the most variable rainfall climates in the world and vast areas of dryland systems, where a detailed phenological investigation and a characterization of the relationship between phenology and climate variability are missing. To fill this knowledge gap, we developed an algorithm to characterize phenological cycles, and analyzed geographic and climate-driven variability in phenology from 2000 to 2013, which included extreme drought and wet years. We linked derived phenological metrics to rainfall and the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI). We conducted a continent-wide investigation and a more detailed investigation over the Murray–Darling Basin (MDB), the primary agricultural area and largest river catchment of Australia. Results showed high inter- and intra-annual variability in phenological cycles across Australia. The peak of phenological cycles occurred not only during the austral summer, but also at any time of the year, and their timing varied by more than a month in the interior of the continent. The magnitude of the phenological cycle peak and the integrated greenness were most significantly correlated with monthly SOI within the preceding 12 months. Correlation patterns occurred primarily over northeastern Australia and within the MDB, predominantly over natural land cover and particularly in floodplain and wetland areas. Integrated greenness of the phenological cycles (surrogate of vegetation productivity) showed positive anomalies of more than 2 standard deviations over most of eastern Australia in 2009–2010, which coincided with the transition from the El Niño-induced decadal droughts to flooding caused by La Niña. DA - 2014/5/28/ PY - 2014/5/28/ DO - 10.5194/bg-11-5181-2014 VL - 11 IS - 5 SP - 7685-7719 J2 - Biogeosciences Discuss. LA - en OP - SN - 1810-6285 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-7685-2014 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Spatiotemporal dynamics of surface water networks across a global biodiversity hotspot—implications for conservation AU - Tulbure, Mirela G AU - Kininmonth, Stuart AU - Broich, Mark T2 - Environmental Research Letters AB - The concept of habitat networks represents an important tool for landscape conservation and management at regional scales. Previous studies simulated degradation of temporally fixed networks but few quantified the change in network connectivity from disintegration of key features that undergo naturally occurring spatiotemporal dynamics. This is particularly of concern for aquatic systems, which typically show high natural spatiotemporal variability. Here we focused on the Swan Coastal Plain, a bioregion that encompasses a global biodiversity hotspot in Australia with over 1500 water bodies of high biodiversity. Using graph theory, we conducted a temporal analysis of water body connectivity over 13 years of variable climate. We derived large networks of surface water bodies using Landsat data (1999–2011). We generated an ensemble of 278 potential networks at three dispersal distances approximating the maximum dispersal distance of different water dependent organisms. We assessed network connectivity through several network topology metrics and quantified the resilience of the network topology during wet and dry phases. We identified 'stepping stone' water bodies across time and compared our networks with theoretical network models with known properties. Results showed a highly dynamic seasonal pattern of variability in network topology metrics. A decline in connectivity over the 13 years was noted with potential negative consequences for species with limited dispersal capacity. The networks described here resemble theoretical scale-free models, also known as 'rich get richer' algorithm. The 'stepping stone' water bodies are located in the area around the Peel-Harvey Estuary, a Ramsar listed site, and some are located in a national park. Our results describe a powerful approach that can be implemented when assessing the connectivity for a particular organism with known dispersal distance. The approach of identifying the surface water bodies that act as 'stepping stone' over time may help prioritize surface water bodies that are essential for maintaining regional scale connectivity. DA - 2014/11/1/ PY - 2014/11/1/ DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/9/11/114012 VL - 9 IS - 11 SP - 114012 J2 - Environ. Res. Lett. OP - SN - 1748-9326 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/9/11/114012 DB - Crossref KW - surface water dynamics KW - spatiotemporal dynamics of surface water networks KW - complex networks KW - graph theory KW - remote sensing KW - Landsat KW - conservation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) in Dairy Cattle: A Matched Case-Control Study AU - Machado, G. AU - Egocheaga, R. M. F. AU - Hein, H. E. AU - Miranda, I. C. S. AU - Neto, W. S. AU - Almeida, L. L. AU - Canal, C. W. AU - Stein, M. C. AU - Corbellini, L. G. T2 - Transboundary and Emerging Diseases AB - Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) causes one of the most important diseases of cattle in terms of economic costs and welfare. The aims were to estimate herd prevalence and to investigate the factors associated with antibodies in bulk tank milk (BTM) in dairy herds through a matched case-control study. To estimate herd prevalence, BTM samples were randomly selected (n = 314) from a population (N = 1604). The true prevalence of BVDV was 24.3% (CI 95% = 20.1-29.3%). For the case-control study, BVDV antibody-positive herds (high antibody titres) were classified as cases (n = 21) and matched (n = 63) by milk production with herds presenting low antibody titres (ratio of 1 : 3). Three multivariable models were built: 1) full model, holding all 21 variables, and two models divided according to empirical knowledge and similarity among variables; 2) animal factor model; and 3) biosecurity model. The full model (model 1) identified: age as a culling criteria (OR = 0.10; CI 95% = 0.02-0.39; P < 0.01); farms that provided milk to other industries previously (OR = 4.13; CI 95% = 1.17-14.49; P = 0.02); and isolation paddocks for ill animals (OR = 0.14; CI 95% = 0.01-0.26; P = 0.02). The biosecurity model revealed a significant association with the use of natural mating (OR = 9.03; CI 95% = 2.14-38.03; P < 0.01); isolation paddocks for ill animals (OR = 0.06; CI 95% = 0.05-0.83; P = 0.03); years providing milk for the same industry (OR = 0.94; CI 95% = 0.91-0.97; P = 0.02); and direct contact over fences among cattle of neighbouring farms (OR = 5.78; CI 95% = 1.41-23.67; P = 0.04). We recommend the application of grouping predictors as a good choice for model building because it could lead to a better understanding of disease-exposure associations. DA - 2014/3/24/ PY - 2014/3/24/ DO - 10.1111/tbed.12219 VL - 63 IS - 1 SP - e1-e13 J2 - Transbound Emerg Dis LA - en OP - SN - 1865-1674 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tbed.12219 DB - Crossref KW - BVDV KW - epidemiology KW - bulk tank milk KW - risk factor KW - model building ER - TY - JOUR TI - A web-based tool to engage stakeholders in informing research planning for future decisions on emerging materials AU - Powers, Christina M. AU - Grieger, Khara D. AU - Hendren, Christine Ogilvie AU - Meacham, Connie A. AU - Gurevich, Gerald AU - Lassiter, Meredith Gooding AU - Money, Eric S. AU - Lloyd, Jennifer M. AU - Beaulieu, Stephen M. T2 - Science of The Total Environment AB - Prioritizing and assessing risks associated with chemicals, industrial materials, or emerging technologies is a complex problem that benefits from the involvement of multiple stakeholder groups. For example, in the case of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), scientific uncertainties exist that hamper environmental, health, and safety (EHS) assessments. Therefore, alternative approaches to standard EHS assessment methods have gained increased attention. The objective of this paper is to describe the application of a web-based, interactive decision support tool developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) in a pilot study on ENMs. The piloted tool implements U.S. EPA's comprehensive environmental assessment (CEA) approach to prioritize research gaps. When pursued, such research priorities can result in data that subsequently improve the scientific robustness of risk assessments and inform future risk management decisions. Pilot results suggest that the tool was useful in facilitating multi-stakeholder prioritization of research gaps. Results also provide potential improvements for subsequent applications. The outcomes of future CEAWeb applications with larger stakeholder groups may inform the development of funding opportunities for emerging materials across the scientific community (e.g., National Science Foundation Science to Achieve Results [STAR] grants, National Institutes of Health Requests for Proposals). DA - 2014/2// PY - 2014/2// DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.10.016 VL - 470-471 SP - 660-668 KW - Comprehensive environmental assessment KW - Engineered nanomaterials KW - Research planning KW - Risk assessment KW - Stakeholder engagement ER - TY - JOUR TI - Validation and sensitivity of the FINE Bayesian network for forecasting aquatic exposure to nano-silver AU - Money, Eric S. AU - Barton, Lauren E. AU - Dawson, Joseph AU - Reckhow, Kenneth H. AU - Wiesner, Mark R. T2 - Science of The Total Environment AB - The adaptive nature of the Forecasting the Impacts of Nanomaterials in the Environment (FINE) Bayesian network is explored. We create an updated FINE model (FINEAgNP-2) for predicting aquatic exposure concentrations of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) by combining the expert-based parameters from the baseline model established in previous work with literature data related to particle behavior, exposure, and nano-ecotoxicology via parameter learning. We validate the AgNP forecast from the updated model using mesocosm-scale field data and determine the sensitivity of several key variables to changes in environmental conditions, particle characteristics, and particle fate. Results show that the prediction accuracy of the FINEAgNP-2 model increased approximately 70% over the baseline model, with an error rate of only 20%, suggesting that FINE is a reliable tool to predict aquatic concentrations of nano-silver. Sensitivity analysis suggests that fractal dimension, particle diameter, conductivity, time, and particle fate have the most influence on aquatic exposure given the current knowledge; however, numerous knowledge gaps can be identified to suggest further research efforts that will reduce the uncertainty in subsequent exposure and risk forecasts. DA - 2014/3// PY - 2014/3// DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.100 VL - 473-474 SP - 685-691 KW - Nano-silver KW - Bayesian networks KW - Aquatic exposure KW - Validation KW - Sensitivity analysis KW - Mesocosms ER - TY - JOUR TI - A relative ranking approach for nano-enabled applications to improve risk-based decision making: a case study of Army materiel AU - Grieger, Khara D. AU - Redmon, Jennifer Hoponick AU - Money, Eric S. AU - Widder, Mark W. AU - Schalie, William H. AU - Beaulieu, Stephen M. AU - Womack, Donna T2 - Environment Systems and Decisions DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1007/s10669-014-9531-4 VL - 35 IS - 1 SP - 42-53 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Development of a socio-ecological environmental justice model for watershed-based management T2 - Journal of Hydrology AB - The dynamics and relationships between society and nature are complex and difficult to predict. Anthropogenic activities affect the ecological integrity of our natural resources, specifically our streams. Further, it is well-established that the costs of these activities are born unequally by different human communities. This study considered the utility of integrating stream health metrics, based on stream health indicators, with socio-economic measures of communities, to better characterize these effects. This study used a spatial multi-factor model and bivariate mapping to produce a novel assessment for watershed management, identification of vulnerable areas, and allocation of resources. The study area is the Saginaw River watershed located in Michigan. In-stream hydrological and water quality data were used to predict fish and macroinvertebrate measures of stream health. These measures include the Index of Biological Integrity (IBI), Hilsenhoff Biotic Index (HBI), Family IBI, and total number of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) taxa. Stream health indicators were then compared to spatially coincident socio-economic data, obtained from the United States Census Bureau (2010), including race, income, education, housing, and population size. Statistical analysis including spatial regression and cluster analysis were used to examine the correlation between vulnerable human populations and environmental conditions. Overall, limited correlation was observed between the socio-economic data and ecological measures of stream health, with the highest being a negative correlation of 0.18 between HBI and the social parameter household size. Clustering was observed in the datasets with urban areas representing a second order clustering effect over the watershed. Regions with the worst stream health and most vulnerable social populations were most commonly located nearby or down-stream to highly populated areas and agricultural lands. DA - 2014/10// PY - 2014/10// DO - 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.08.014 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.08.014 KW - Environmental justice KW - Stream health KW - Macroinvertebrate KW - Fish KW - Socio-economic ER - TY - JOUR TI - Targeted survey of Newcastle disease virus in backyard poultry flocks located in wintering site for migratory birds from Southern Brazil AU - Marks, Fernanda S. AU - Rodenbusch, Carla R. AU - Okino, Cintia H. AU - Hein, Heber E. AU - Costa, Eduardo F. AU - Machado, Gustavo AU - Canal, Claudio W. AU - Brentano, Liana AU - Corbellini, Luis G. T2 - Preventive Veterinary Medicine AB - Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes a fast-spreading, highly contagious infectious disease in several bird species. Commercial poultry farms in Brazil were considered free of virulent NDV. Data on NDV infection levels in backyard poultry flocks and the epidemiology of the disease are limited. The aim of this study was to perform a NDV survey in backyard poultry from households flocks located around one of the main wintering sites for migratory wild birds in Brazil, and to identify potential risk factors associated with NDV. Backyard poultry may be sentinels and a source of infection for commercial poultry, since they may have as much contact with these birds as with migratory wild birds. Data were collected from 48 randomly selected households using an epidemiological questionnaire. Serum samples from poultry were tested for NDV antibodies using an ELISA, and tracheal and cloacal swabs were collected for NDV molecular detection. The risk factors were assessed using a multivariate Poisson regression with robust variance. The ELISA showed that 33.8% of the serum samples were positive for anti-NDV antibodies and in 42 households (87.5%) at least one NDV-positive bird was found. Tracheal and cloacal swabs were negative for NDV by real time RT-PCR, possible because within this region there might flow a low pathogenicity NDV strain, which can induce seroconversion with innaparent clinical findings. The prevalence ratio (PR) increased when farmers used their own replacement poultry to restock their flock (PR = 1.64; 95% CI: 1.11–2.42). Furthermore, the increasing distance of the household flock from the “Laguna do Peixe” estuary was associated with decreasing NDV seropositivity (PR = 0.94; 95% CI: 0.90–0.99). This is the first study in Brazil evaluating the presence of NDV and the associated risk factors in households with backyard poultry flocks. The great number of farms with seropositive birds indicates that the virus circulates in backyard flocks, and this breeding system may be a source of NDV. These data can be used to establish appropriate biosecurity and husbandry measures for this type of breeding system to prevent NDV spread in Brazil. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2014.06.001 VL - 116 IS - 1-2 SP - 197-202 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84905039537&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Newcastle disease KW - Backyard poultry KW - Risk factor KW - Wetland areas KW - Brazil ER - TY - JOUR TI - Seroprevalence and risk factors for Neospora caninum in goats in Santa Catarina state, Brazil AU - Topazio, Josue Pires AU - Weber, Augusto AU - Camillo, Giovana AU - Vogel, Fernanda Flores AU - Machado, Gustavo AU - Ribeiro, Andre AU - Moura, Anderson Barbosa AU - Lopes, Leandro Samia AU - Tonin, Alexandre Alberto AU - Solda, Natan Marcos AU - Braeunig, Patrcia AU - Silva, Aleksandro Schafer T2 - Revista Brasileira De Parasitologia Veterinaria AB - Neosporosis is an infectious disease caused by the parasite Neospora caninum. Knowledge regarding neosporosis in goats is still quite limited, especially in the state of Santa Catarina (SC), southern Brazil. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the seroprevalence and risk factors for N. caninum in goats in the western and mountain regions of SC. Blood samples were collected from 654 goats in 57 municipalities. The indirect immunofluorescence test was used for antibody detection against N. caninum. Thirty samples (4.58%) were seropositive, with titers ranging from 1:50 to 1:6400. An epidemiological survey was also conducted in order to identify risk factors for neosporosis in goats. It was found that reproductive problems on the farms, as well as the diet and direct contact with dogs were casual risks for neosporosis. These results indicate that N. caninum infects goats in these regions, which may lead to reproductive problems. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1590/S1984-29612014062 VL - 23 IS - 3 SP - 360-366 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84930168562&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Neosporosis KW - risk factors KW - reproductive problems KW - small ruminants ER - TY - JOUR TI - Isolation of Dermatophytes and Saprotrophic Fungi from the Hair Coat of Cats without Skin Disorders in the Metropolitan Area of Porto Alegre - RS, Brazil AU - Ferreiro, Laerte AU - Roehe, Carlos AU - Dorneles, Andreia Spanamberg AU - Machado, Gustavo AU - Fraga, Cibele Floriano AU - Lupion, Camila Gottlieb AU - Barroso, Gabriela Javornick AU - Cavallini Sanches, Edna Maria T2 - Acta Scientiae Veterinariae DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 42 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Insecticidal and repellent effects of tea tree and andiroba oils on flies associated with livestock AU - Klauck, V. AU - Pazinato, R. AU - Stefani, L. M. AU - Santos, R. C. AU - Vaucher, R. A. AU - Baldissera, M. D. AU - Raffin, R. AU - Boligon, A. AU - Athayde, M. AU - Baretta, D. AU - Machado, G. AU - Da Silva, A. S. T2 - Medical and Veterinary Entomology AB - Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the insecticidal and repellent effects of tea tree, Melaleuca alternifolia (Myrtales: Myrtaceae), and andiroba, Carapa guianensis (Sapindales: Meliaceae), essential oils on two species of fly. For in vitro studies, free‐living adult flies were captured and reared in the laboratory. To evaluate the insecticidal effects of the oils, adult flies of Haematobia irritans ( L. ) and Musca domestica L. (both: D iptera: M uscidae) were separated by species in test cages ( n = 10 per group), and subsequently tested with oils at concentrations of 1.0% and 5.0% using a negative control to validate the test. Both oils showed insecticidal activity. Tea tree oil at a concentration of 5.0% was able to kill M. domestica with 100.0% efficacy after 12 h of exposure. However, the effectiveness of andiroba oil at a concentration of 5.0% was only 67.0%. The insecticidal efficacy (100.0%) of both oils against H. irritans was observed at both concentrations for up to 4 h. The repellency effects of the oils at concentrations of 5.0% were tested in vivo on H olstein cows naturally infested by H. irritans . Both oils demonstrated repellency at 24 h, when the numbers of flies on cows treated with tea tree and andiroba oil were 61.6% and 57.7%, respectively, lower than the number of flies on control animals. It is possible to conclude that these essential oils have insecticidal and repellent effects against the species of fly used in this study. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1111/mve.12078 VL - 28 IS - SUPPL.1 SP - 33-39 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84906751711&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Andiroba KW - essential oils KW - flies KW - insects KW - tea tree ER - TY - JOUR TI - High frequency of bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 in Southern Brazil AU - Weber, M. N. AU - Silveira, S. AU - Machado, G. AU - Groff, F. H. S. AU - Mosena, A. C. S. AU - Budaszewski, R. F. AU - Dupont, P. M. AU - Corbellini, L. G. AU - Canal, C. W. T2 - Virus Research AB - Ruminant pestiviruses can infect cattle populations worldwide and cause significant economic losses due to their impact on productivity and health. Knowledge of pestivirus diversity is important for control programs and vaccine development and for determining probable sources of infection. In this paper, we describe a search for ruminant pestiviruses with RT-PCR in sera of 9078 calves from 6 to 12 months of age. The calves were first analyzed in pools and then analyzed individually. Thirty-three RT-PCR positive animals were detected (0.36%) from 6.9% (24) of the 346 herds. The sequencing analysis of the 5′ non-coding region and N terminal autoprotease showed the presence of BVDV-1a (15 isolates), -1b (3), -1d (1) and -2b (14), with a higher frequency (42.4%) of BVDV-2 in comparison with other countries. The presence of sheep was significantly associated with BVDV infection. Our results also suggested that a BVDV control program based only on the investigation of cattle would not be successful, especially in regions with farms harboring multiple animal species. This study may also serve as a reference for future control programs in Southern Brazil because it reports the prevalence of cattle with active infections and the genetic background of the circulating strains. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.07.035 VL - 191 IS - 1 SP - 117-124 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84922355703&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Cattle KW - Pestivirus KW - RT-PCR KW - Diagnosis KW - Genotyping KW - Epidemiology ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of adding palm oil to the diet of dairy sheep on milk production and composition, function of liver and kidney, and the concentration of cholesterol, triglycerides and progesterone in blood serum AU - Bianchi, Anderson E. AU - Macedo, Vicente P. AU - Franca, Raqueli T. AU - Lopes, Sonia T. A. AU - Lopes, Leandro S. AU - Stefani, Lenita M. AU - Volpato, Andreia AU - Lima, Horacio L. AU - Paiano, Diovani AU - Machado, Gustavo AU - Da Silva, Aleksandro S. T2 - Small Ruminant Research AB - The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding palm oil to the diet of dairy sheep on milk production and composition, function of liver and kidney, and the concentration of cholesterol, triglycerides and progesterone in blood serum. Thirty ewes in early lactation were divided into three groups (n = 10) receiving an isoproteic and isoenergetic diet. Palm oil (PALM) was added to the diet at different concentrations: 0% (PALM0), 4.0% (PALM4) and 6.0% (PALM6). Milk production was evaluated on days 0, 60, 120, and blood samples were collected in the same periods. Sera samples were analyzed for aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), urea, creatinine, cholesterol, triglycerides, and progesterone. Changes in the volume of milk produced and milk composition (fat, protein, and lactose) in sheep fed with palm oil were not observed between groups. No significant difference was observed between groups for AST, GGT, and creatinine at day 60. However, an increase was observed in AST and GGT activities in the sera of animals from the group PALM4 compared to the control group (PALM0) at day 120. Urea, cholesterol, triglycerides, and progesterone levels had a significant increase in animals from groups PALM4 and PALM6 when compared to the group PALM0 at days 60 and 120. In summary, the addition of palm oil in the diet of dairy sheep influences the metabolism of lipid and protein and caused an increase on liver enzyme activity in proportion to palm oil concentration. The protected fat increased the levels of progesterone, which may improve reproductive performance. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2013.12.025 VL - 117 IS - 1 SP - 78-83 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84892475963&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Sheep KW - Protected fat KW - Metabolism of lipid KW - Liver enzymes KW - Progesterone ER - TY - JOUR TI - Identification, occurrence and clinical findings of canine hemoplasmas in southern Brazil AU - Valle, Stella de Faria AU - Messick, Joanne B. AU - dos Santos, Andrea Pires AU - Kreutz, Luiz Carlos AU - Duda, Naila Cristina Blatt AU - Machado, Gustavo AU - Corbellini, Luis Gustavo AU - Biondo, Alexander Welker AU - González, Felix Hilario Diaz T2 - Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases AB - Hemoplasmas are ubiquitous pleomorphic and epicellular bacteria detected in erythrocytes in several species. In Brazil, studies on hemoplasmas have not included information on occurrence, clinical signs, and risk factors in dogs. This paper investigates the occurrence of hemoplasmas in dogs, focusing on risk factors and clinical status. Conventional PCR for the four types of canine hemoplasmas was performed in 331 blood samples collected from dogs clinically treated at a teaching veterinary hospital. Of all samples, 17/331 (5.1%) were positive for Mycoplasma haemocanis and 6/331 (1.8%) were positive for a ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum-like’ organism. Risk factors included the presence of vectors, old age, dog bite wounds, and neoplastic diseases. In the multivariate analysis, a 4.40 odds ratio in dogs with vector-borne diseases indicated risk for hemoplasmosis. There was correlation between hemoplasma infection and neoplastic disease, suggesting that neoplastic conditions are a risk factor for hemoplasma infection in dogs. DA - 2014/9// PY - 2014/9// DO - 10.1016/j.cimid.2014.08.001 VL - 37 IS - 4 SP - 259-265 J2 - Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases LA - en OP - SN - 0147-9571 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cimid.2014.08.001 DB - Crossref KW - Mycoplasma haemocanis KW - 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum' KW - Hemotropic mycoplasmas KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Neoplastic disease ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cost-benefit of Anthelmintic Protocols in Naturally Infected Sheep AU - Balzan, Alexandre AU - Cazarotto, Chrystian Jassana AU - Machado, Gustavo AU - Grosskopf, Rhayana Kharyna AU - Simioni, Flavio Jose AU - Stefani, Lenita Moura AU - Da Silva, Aleksandro Schafer T2 - Acta Scientiae Veterinariae DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 42 IS - 1 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84941895257&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Campylobacter fetus in cattle from Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil AU - Ziech, Rosangela Estel AU - Machado, Gustavo AU - Kirinus, Jackeline Karsten AU - Libardoni, Felipe AU - Kessler, Julcemar Dias AU - Poetter, Luciana AU - Vargas, Agueda Castagna T2 - Ciencia Rural DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 44 IS - 1 SP - 141-146 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Age related to the presence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in twenty one dairy herds in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil AU - Santiago-Neto, Waldemir AU - Machado, Gustavo AU - Paim, Daniel S. AU - Campos, Thais AU - Brito, Maria A. V. P. AU - Cardoso, Marisa R. I. AU - Corbellini, Luis G. T2 - Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 34 IS - 7 SP - 613-620 ER - TY - CONF TI - GIS-based environmental modeling with tangible interaction and dynamic visualization AU - Petrasova, A. AU - Harmon, B. AU - Petras, V. AU - Mitasova, H. C2 - 2014/// C3 - Proceedings - 7th International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software: Bold Visions for Environmental Modeling, iEMSs 2014 DA - 2014/// VL - 2 SP - 758-765 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84911897646&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Barrier island dynamics using mass center analysis: A new way to detect and track large-scale change AU - Paris, P. AU - Mitasova, H. T2 - ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information AB - A geographic information system (GIS) was used to introduce and test a new method for quantitatively characterizing topographic change. Borrowing from classic Newtonian mechanics, the concept of a body’s center of mass is applied to the geomorphic landscape, and the barrier island environment in particular, to evaluate the metric’s potential as a proxy for detecting, tracking and visualizing change. Two barrier islands along North Carolina’s Outer Banks are used to test this idea: Core Banks, uninhabited and largely-undeveloped, and Hatteras Island, altered by the presence of a protective dune system. Findings indicate that for Core Banks, the alongshore change in the center of mass is in accord with dominate littoral transport and wind conditions. Cross-shore change agrees with independent estimates for the island migration rates. This lends credence to our assertion that the mass center metric has the potential to be a viable proxy for describing wholesale barrier migration and would be a valuable addition to the already-established ocean shoreline and subaerial volume metrics. More research is, however, required to demonstrate efficacy. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.3390/ijgi3010049 VL - 3 IS - 1 SP - 49-65 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84948740266&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - barrier islands KW - center of mass KW - geomorphology KW - geographic information systems (GISs) KW - GRASS KW - QGIS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Using a Bayesian hierarchical model to improve Lake Erie cyanobacteria bloom forecasts AU - Obenour, Daniel R. AU - Gronewold, Andrew D. AU - Stow, Craig A. AU - Scavia, Donald T2 - Water Resources Research AB - Abstract The last decade has seen a dramatic increase in the size of western Lake Erie cyanobacteria blooms, renewing concerns over phosphorus loading, a common driver of freshwater productivity. However, there is considerable uncertainty in the phosphorus load‐bloom relationship, because of other biophysical factors that influence bloom size, and because the observed bloom size is not necessarily the true bloom size, owing to measurement error. In this study, we address these uncertainties by relating late‐summer bloom observations to spring phosphorus load within a Bayesian modeling framework. This flexible framework allows us to evaluate three different forms of the load‐bloom relationship, each with a particular combination of statistical error distribution and response transformation. We find that a novel implementation of a gamma error distribution, along with an untransformed response, results in a model with relatively high predictive skill and realistic uncertainty characterization, when compared to models based on more common statistical formulations. Our results also underscore the benefits of a hierarchical approach that enables assimilation of multiple sets of bloom observations within the calibration processes, allowing for more thorough uncertainty quantification and explicit differentiation between measurement and model error. Finally, in addition to phosphorus loading, the model includes a temporal trend component indicating that Lake Erie has become increasingly susceptible to large cyanobacteria blooms over the study period (2002–2013). Results suggest that current phosphorus loading targets will be insufficient for reducing the intensity of cyanobacteria blooms to desired levels, so long as the lake remains in a heightened state of bloom susceptibility. DA - 2014/10// PY - 2014/10// DO - 10.1002/2014WR015616 VL - 50 IS - 10 SP - 7847-7860 J2 - Water Resour. Res. LA - en OP - SN - 0043-1397 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014WR015616 DB - Crossref KW - Bayesian hierarchical modeling KW - gamma distribution KW - Lake Erie KW - cyanobacteria KW - phosphorus loading KW - harmful algal blooms ER - TY - JOUR TI - Using Enhanced Econometric Techniques to Verify the Service Life of Asset Interventions A Case Study for Indiana AU - Bardaka, Eleni AU - Labi, Samuel AU - Haddock, John E. T2 - TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD AB - In the current era, the highway environment is characterized by funding limitations, aging facilities, and increasing user expectations. In light of these trends, asset managers at most highway agencies have a fiduciary responsibility to apply management strategies and practices that not only are most cost-effective in a life-cycle context but also are in the best interests of taxpayers and highway users. To identify and implement effective rehabilitation strategies and practices, highway agencies need to verify information that was typically based on expert opinion, with reliable asset performance prediction tools and treatment service life estimates. This study provides an enhanced methodology to analyze pavement rehabilitation data and to develop estimates and ranges of treatment service lives. Pavement rehabilitation data typically consist of repeated measurements that form an unbalanced three-level nested structure, making analysis quite challenging. In this study, mixed linear modeling techniques are deployed to accommodate this structure and thus lead to less biased estimations compared with traditionally used approaches. The developed framework is applied to quantify the effectiveness of seven common rehabilitation treatments applied by the Indiana Department of Transportation in regard to their service lives and to validate the treatment service life values presented in the agency's current design manual. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.3141/2431-03 VL - 2431 IS - 2431 SP - 16-23 SN - 2169-4052 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84908450724&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Predicted Effects of Gypsy Moth Defoliation and Climate Change on Forest Carbon Dynamics in the New Jersey Pine Barrens AU - Kretchun, Alec M. AU - Scheller, Robert M. AU - Lucash, Melissa S. AU - Clark, Kenneth L. AU - Hom, John AU - Van Tuyl, Steve T2 - PLOS ONE AB - Disturbance regimes within temperate forests can significantly impact carbon cycling. Additionally, projected climate change in combination with multiple, interacting disturbance effects may disrupt the capacity of forests to act as carbon sinks at large spatial and temporal scales. We used a spatially explicit forest succession and disturbance model, LANDIS-II, to model the effects of climate change, gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) defoliation, and wildfire on the C dynamics of the forests of the New Jersey Pine Barrens over the next century. Climate scenarios were simulated using current climate conditions (baseline), as well as a high emissions scenario (HadCM3 A2 emissions scenario). Our results suggest that long-term changes in C cycling will be driven more by climate change than by fire or gypsy moths over the next century. We also found that simulated disturbances will affect species composition more than tree growth or C sequestration rates at the landscape level. Projected changes in tree species biomass indicate a potential increase in oaks with climate change and gypsy moth defoliation over the course of the 100-year simulation, exacerbating current successional trends towards increased oak abundance. Our research suggests that defoliation under climate change may play a critical role in increasing the variability of tree growth rates and in determining landscape species composition over the next 100 years. DA - 2014/8/13/ PY - 2014/8/13/ DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0102531 VL - 9 IS - 8 SP - SN - 1932-6203 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Multimodel simulations of forest harvesting effects on long-term productivity and CN cycling in aspen forests AU - Wang, Fugui AU - Mladenoff, David J. AU - Forrester, Jodi A. AU - Blanco, Juan A. AU - Scheller, Robert M. AU - Peckham, Scott D. AU - Keough, Cindy AU - Lucash, Melissa S. AU - Gower, Stith T. T2 - ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS AB - The effects of forest management on soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics vary by harvest type and species. We simulated long-term effects of bole-only harvesting of aspen (Populus tremuloides) on stand productivity and interaction of CN cycles with a multiple model approach. Five models, Biome-BGC, CENTURY, FORECAST, LANDIS-II with Century-based soil dynamics, and PnET-CN, were run for 350 yr with seven harvesting events on nutrient-poor, sandy soils representing northwestern Wisconsin, United States. Twenty CN state and flux variables were summarized from the models' outputs and statistically analyzed using ordination and variance analysis methods. The multiple models' averages suggest that bole-only harvest would not significantly affect long-term site productivity of aspen, though declines in soil organic matter and soil N were significant. Along with direct N removal by harvesting, extensive leaching after harvesting before canopy closure was another major cause of N depletion. These five models were notably different in output values of the 20 variables examined, although there were some similarities for certain variables. PnET-CN produced unique results for every variable, and CENTURY showed fewer outliers and similar temporal patterns to the mean of all models. In general, we demonstrated that when there are no site-specific data for fine-scale calibration and evaluation of a single model, the multiple model approach may be a more robust approach for long-term simulations. In addition, multimodeling may also improve the calibration and evaluation of an individual model. DA - 2014/9// PY - 2014/9// DO - 10.1890/12-0888.1 VL - 24 IS - 6 SP - 1374-1389 SN - 1939-5582 KW - aspen forest ecosystem KW - biogeochemical cycles KW - bole-only harvest KW - multiple model simulation KW - nitrogen depletion KW - soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics KW - Wisconsin, USA ER - TY - RPRT TI - Minnesota forest ecosystem vulnerability assessment and synthesis AU - Handler, S. AU - M.J. Duveneck, L. Iverson AU - E. Peters, R.M. Scheller AU - K. Wythers, L. Brandt AU - P. Butler, M. Janowiak AU - P.D. Shannon, C. Swanston AU - R. Kolka, C. McQuiston AU - B. Palik, C. Turner AU - White, M. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - NRS-133 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Michigan forest ecosystem vulnerability assessment and synthesis AU - Handler, S. AU - M.J. Duveneck, L. Iverson AU - E. Peters, R.M. Scheller AU - K. Wythers, L. Brandt AU - P. Butler, M. Janowiak AU - P.D. Shannon, C. Swanston AU - A. Clark-Eagle, J.G. Cohen AU - R. Corner, AU - Reich, P.B. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - NRS-129 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Functional diversity of ground-layer plant communities in old-growth and managed northern hardwood forests AU - Sabatini, Francesco M. AU - Burton, Julia I. AU - Scheller, Robert M. AU - Amatangelo, Kathryn L. AU - Mladenoff, David J. T2 - APPLIED VEGETATION SCIENCE AB - Abstract Questions Do ecological sorting processes and functional diversity of forest ground‐layer plant communities vary among mature (65–85‐yr‐old) even‐aged, managed uneven‐aged and old‐growth forest stands? How does functional diversity relate to environmental variables within stands? Location Northern temperate deciduous forests of Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA . Methods Ground‐layer species cover and light availability were measured at each of four old‐growth, even‐aged second‐growth, and managed uneven‐aged stands ( n = 12 stands total). We used mixed‐effect models and fourth‐corner analysis to assess relationships among forest structure, species traits and the three components of functional diversity (functional richness, evenness, divergence) based on 32 leaf, reproductive and whole plant traits from 111 species. Results We identified differences in leaf phenology and morphology, life form and dispersal among stand types at the community level. Ground‐layer plant communities of even‐aged and uneven‐aged stands were at opposite ends of a spectrum of strategies aimed at tolerating stressful vs competitive environments, respectively. In even‐aged stands, communities were characterized by species adapted to relatively dark and closed conditions (heavy‐seeded tree saplings, spring ephemerals). In contrast, managed uneven‐aged stands were characterized by species with potential for quick returns on investment of nutrients and dry mass in leaves (i.e. early summer species with high specific leaf area, low leaf dry matter content and high phosphorus concentration). Old‐growth stands had fewer trait associations than managed stands, and were characterized by ferns and species with either ballistic or wind‐assisted seed dispersal. Functional diversity metrics were related in complex ways to light, management and soil texture. Managed stands had higher functional richness and divergence than old‐growth stands, which, instead, showed higher functional evenness. Conclusions Even‐aged and managed stands support ground‐layer species with a distinct set of traits relative to those found in old‐growth forests. Although there is broad interest in uneven‐aged management as a means to restore the structures and functions of old‐growth forests, uneven‐aged management does not, at least initially, produce ground‐layer plant communities more similar to old‐growth forests than even‐aged management. DA - 2014/7// PY - 2014/7// DO - 10.1111/avsc.12083 VL - 17 IS - 3 SP - 398-407 SN - 1654-109X KW - forest management KW - fourth-corner analysis KW - functional divergence KW - functional evenness KW - functional richness KW - life-history traits KW - mixed-effect models KW - spring ephemerals ER - TY - JOUR TI - Climate change effects on northern Great Lake (USA) forests: A case for preserving diversity AU - Duveneck, Matthew J. AU - Scheller, Robert M. AU - White, Mark A. AU - Handler, Stephen D. AU - Ravenscroft, Catherine T2 - ECOSPHERE AB - Under business as usual (BAU) management, stresses posed by climate change may exceed the ability of Great Lake forests to adapt. Temperature and precipitation projections in the Great Lakes region are expected to change forest tree species composition and productivity. It is unknown how a change in productivity and/or tree species diversity due to climate change will affect the relationship between diversity and productivity. We assessed how forests in two landscapes (i.e., northern lower Michigan and northeastern Minnesota, USA) would respond to climate change and explored the diversity‐productivity relationship under climate change. In addition, we explored how tree species diversity varied across landscapes by soil type, climate, and management. We used a spatially dynamic forest ecosystem model, LANDIS‐II, to simulate BAU forest management under three climate scenarios (current climate, low emissions, and high emissions) in each landscape. We found a positive relationship between diversity and productivity only under a high emissions future as productivity declined. Within landscapes, climate change simulations resulted in the highest diversity in the coolest climate regions and lowest diversity in the warmest climate region in Minnesota and Michigan, respectively. Simulated productivity declined in both landscapes under the high emissions climate scenario as species such as balsam fir ( Abies balsamea ) declined in abundance. In the Great Lakes region, a high emissions future may decrease forest productivity creating a more positive relationship between diversity and productivity. Maintaining a diversity of tree species may become increasingly important to maintain the adaptive capacity of forests. DA - 2014/2// PY - 2014/2// DO - 10.1890/es13-00370.1 VL - 5 IS - 2 SP - SN - 2150-8925 KW - biodiversity KW - climate change KW - forest management KW - forest simulation model KW - LANDIS-II KW - Michigan, USA KW - Minnesota, USA ER - TY - JOUR TI - 4-D Statistical Surface Method for Visual Change Detection in Forest Ecosystem Simulation Time Series AU - Jenny, Helen AU - Liem, Johannes AU - Lucash, Melissa S. AU - Scheller, Robert M. T2 - IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING AB - Rising uncertainties associated with climate change compel forest management planning to include forest ecosystem simulations. The output of such models is often of high spatio-temporal complexity and difficult to interpret for the user. This contribution describes a novel visualization method called four-dimensional (4-D) statistical surfaces, which aims at improving the visual detection of change in time series. The method visualizes attribute values as surfaces, which are interpolated and animated over time; the interactive attribute surfaces are combined with color-coding and contour lines to support absolute and relative height judgment as well as faster perception and better location of change. A design study and prototypical implementation of the visualization method is described in this contribution. Time-series simulation results of LANDIS-II, a commonly used modeling tool in forest ecology, as well as a temporal vegetation index dataset (NDVI) are visualized using 4-D statistical surfaces. Usability challenges are addressed based on explorative interviews with a small group of users. The method is not limited to ecological model output; it can be used to create three-dimensional (3-D) temporal animations of arbitrary time-series datasets where parameters are supplied in regular raster format. DA - 2014/11// PY - 2014/11// DO - 10.1109/jstars.2014.2324972 VL - 7 IS - 11 SP - 4505-4511 SN - 2151-1535 KW - Forestry KW - simulation software KW - time-series animation KW - visualization ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impacts of fire and climate change on long-term nitrogen availability and forest productivity in the New Jersey Pine Barrens AU - Lucash, Melissa S. AU - Scheller, Robert M. AU - Kretchun, Alec M. AU - Clark, Kenneth L. AU - Hom, John T2 - CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH AB - Increased wildfires and temperatures due to climate change are expected to have profound effects on forest productivity and nitrogen (N) cycling. Forecasts about how wildfire and climate change will affect forests seldom consider N availability, which may limit forest response to climate change, particularly in fire-prone landscapes. The overall objective of this study was to examine how wildfire and climate change affect long-term mineral N availability in a fire-prone landscape. We employed a commonly used landscape simulation model (LANDIS-II) in the New Jersey Pine Barrens, a landscape characterized by frequent small fires and fire-resilient vegetation. We found that fire had little effect on mineral N, whereas climate change and fire together reduced mineral N by the end of the century. Though N initially limited forest productivity, mineral N was no longer limiting after 50 years. Our results suggest that mineral N is resilient to fire under our current climate but not under climate change. Also, predictions that do not consider N limitation may underestimate short-term but not long-term productivity responses to climate change. Together these results illustrate the importance of including N dynamics when simulating the effects of climate change on forest productivity, particularly in fire-prone regions such as the New Jersey Pine Barrens. DA - 2014/5// PY - 2014/5// DO - 10.1139/cjfr-2013-0383 VL - 44 IS - 5 SP - 404-412 SN - 1208-6037 KW - Century KW - forest simulation model KW - LANDIS-II KW - nitrogen cycle ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of alternative forest management on biomass and species diversity in the face of climate change in the northern Great Lakes region (USA) AU - Duveneck, Matthew J. AU - Scheller, Robert M. AU - White, Mark A. T2 - CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH AB - Northern Great Lakes forests represent an ecotone in the boreal–temperate transition zone and are expected to change dramatically with climate change. Managers are increasingly seeking adaptation strategies to manage these forests. We explored the efficacy of two alternative management scenarios compared with business-as-usual (BAU) management: expanding forest reserves meant to preserve forest identity and increase resistance, and modified silviculture meant to preserve forest function and increase adaptive capacity. Our study landscapes encompassed northeastern Minnesota and northern Lower Michigan, which are predicted to experience significant changes in a future climate and represent a gradient of latitude, forest type, and management. We used the LANDIS-II forest simulation model to simulate forest change under current climate, low emissions climate, and high emissions climate futures. Our results suggest that under a low emissions climate scenario, expanded reserves and modified silviculture strategies can be effective at increasing resistance by preserving forest composition, including legacy species (e.g., balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.)), and increasing adaptive capacity by maintaining or increasing aboveground biomass compared with BAU management. Under a high emissions climate scenario, the expanded reserve strategy was not effective at preserving legacy species; however, the modified silviculture strategy was effective at increasing aboveground biomass compared with BAU management. These results highlight alternative management options and limitations in the face of climate change. DA - 2014/7// PY - 2014/7// DO - 10.1139/cjfr-2013-0391 VL - 44 IS - 7 SP - 700-710 SN - 1208-6037 KW - adaptation KW - alternative silviculture KW - climate change KW - expanded reserves KW - forest management KW - forest simulation model KW - LANDIS-II KW - Michigan (USA) KW - Minnesota (USA) KW - resistance ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effectiveness of fuel treatments for mitigating wildfire risk and sequestering forest carbon: A case study in the Lake Tahoe Basin AU - Loudermilk, E. Louise AU - Stanton, Alison AU - Scheller, Robert M. AU - Dilts, Thomas E. AU - Weisberg, Peter J. AU - Skinner, Carl AU - Yang, Jian T2 - FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT AB - Fuel-reduction treatments are used extensively to reduce wildfire risk and restore forest diversity and function. In the near future, increasing regulation of carbon (C) emissions may force forest managers to balance the use of fuel treatments for reducing wildfire risk against an alternative goal of C sequestration. The objective of this study was to evaluate how long-term fuel treatments mitigate wildfires and affect forest C. For the Lake Tahoe Basin in the central Sierra Nevada, USA, fuel treatment efficiency was explored with a landscape-scale simulation model, LANDIS-II, using five fuel treatment scenarios and two (contemporary and potential future) fire regimes. Treatment scenarios included applying a combination of light (hand) and moderate (mechanical) forest thinning continuously through time and transitioning from these prescriptions to a more mid-seral thinning prescription, both on a 15 and 30 year rotation interval. In the last scenario, fuel treatments were isolated to around the lake shore (nearby urban settlement) to simulate a low investment alternative were future resources may be limited. Results indicated that the forest will remain a C sink regardless of treatment or fire regime simulated, due to the landscape legacy of historic logging. Achievement of a net C gain required decades with intensive treatment and depended on wildfire activity: Fuel treatments were more effective in a more active fire environment, where the interface between wildfires and treatment areas increased and caused net C gain earlier than as compared to our scenarios with less wildfire activity. Fuel treatments were most effective when continuously applied and strategically placed in high ignition areas. Treatment type and re-application interval were less influential at the landscape scale, but had notable effects on species dynamics within management units. Treatments created more diverse forest conditions by shifting dominance patterns to a more mixed conifer system, with a higher proportion of fire-tolerant species. We demonstrated that a small amount of wildfire on the landscape resulted in significant changes in the C pool, and that strategically placed fuel treatments substantially reduced wildfire risk, increased fire resiliency of the forest, and is beneficial for long-term C management. Implications for landscape management included consideration for prioritization of treatment areas and creating ideal re-entry schedules that meet logistic, safety, and conservation goals. In forests with a concentrated wildland urban interface, fuel treatments may be vital for ensuring human welfare and enhancing forest integrity in a fire-prone future. DA - 2014/7/1/ PY - 2014/7/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2014.03.011 VL - 323 SP - 114-125 SN - 1872-7042 KW - Fuel treatments KW - Wildfire KW - Carbon management KW - Effectiveness KW - LANDIS-II KW - Mixed-conifer ER - TY - JOUR TI - Climate change and fire management in the mid-Atlantic region AU - Clark, Kenneth L. AU - Skowronski, Nicholas AU - Renninger, Heidi AU - Scheller, Robert T2 - FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT AB - In this review, we summarize the potential impacts of climate change on wildfire activity in the midAtlantic region, and then consider how the beneficial uses of prescribed fire could conflict with mitigation needs for climate change, focusing on patters of carbon (C) sequestration by forests in the region. We use a synthesis of field studies, eddy flux tower measurements, and simulation studies to evaluate how the use of prescribed fire affects short- and long-term forest C dynamics. Climate change may create weather conditions more conducive to wildfire activity, but successional changes in forest composition, altered gap dynamics, reduced understory and forest floor fuels, and fire suppression will likely continue to limit wildfire occurrence and severity throughout the region. Prescribed burning is the only major viable option that land managers have for reducing hazardous fuels in a cost-effective manner, or ensuring the regeneration and maintenance of fire-dependent species. Field measurements and model simulations indicate that consumption of fine fuels on the forest floor and understory vegetation during most prescribed burns is equivalent to <1–3 years of sequestered C, and depends on pre-burn fuel loading and burn intensity. Overstory tree mortality is typically low, and stands have somewhat reduced daytime C uptake during the next growing season following burns, but may also have reduced rates of ecosystem respiration. On an annual basis, net ecosystem productivity is negative the first year when consumption losses are included, but then positive in following years, and stands can reach C neutrality within <2–3 years. Field data and model simulations suggest that increases in prescribed burning in fire-prone areas would have little appreciable effect on long-term forest C dynamics in some fire-prone forest types. Large-scale conversion to young pine plantations for fiber and biofuels will potentially increase the risk of wildfires, as had occurred previously in the late-19th and early-20th centuries in the region. Published by Elsevier B.V. DA - 2014/9/1/ PY - 2014/9/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.09.049 VL - 327 SP - 306-315 SN - 1872-7042 KW - Forest composition KW - Wildfire KW - Prescribed burns KW - Carbon sequestration KW - Mitigation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Simulating smoke transport from wildland fires with a regional-scale air quality model: Sensitivity to spatiotemporal allocation of fire emissions AU - Garcia-Menendez, Fernando AU - Hu, Yongtao AU - Odman, Mehmet T. T2 - Science of The Total Environment AB - Air quality forecasts generated with chemical transport models can provide valuable information about the potential impacts of fires on pollutant levels. However, significant uncertainties are associated with fire-related emission estimates as well as their distribution on gridded modeling domains. In this study, we explore the sensitivity of fine particulate matter concentrations predicted by a regional-scale air quality model to the spatial and temporal allocation of fire emissions. The assessment was completed by simulating a fire-related smoke episode in which air quality throughout the Atlanta metropolitan area was affected on February 28, 2007. Sensitivity analyses were carried out to evaluate the significance of emission distribution among the model's vertical layers, along the horizontal plane, and into hourly inputs. Predicted PM2.5 concentrations were highly sensitive to emission injection altitude relative to planetary boundary layer height. Simulations were also responsive to the horizontal allocation of fire emissions and their distribution into single or multiple grid cells. Additionally, modeled concentrations were greatly sensitive to the temporal distribution of fire-related emissions. The analyses demonstrate that, in addition to adequate estimates of emitted mass, successfully modeling the impacts of fires on air quality depends on an accurate spatiotemporal allocation of emissions. DA - 2014/9// PY - 2014/9// DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.108 VL - 493 SP - 544-553 J2 - Science of The Total Environment LA - en OP - SN - 0048-9697 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.108 DB - Crossref KW - CMAQ KW - Air quality KW - Fire emissions KW - PM2.5 KW - Sensitivity analysis KW - Modeling ER - TY - JOUR TI - Metacognition AU - Winne, P. H. AU - Azevedo, R. T2 - Cambridge Handbook of the Learning Sciences, 2nd edition DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// SP - 63-87 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Changing the game: Multidimensional mentoring and partnerships in the recruitment of underrepresented students in fisheries AU - Nelson, S. A. C. AU - Hain, E. F. AU - Hartis, B. M. AU - Johnson, A. T2 - Future of Fisheries: Perspectives for Emerging Professionals PY - 2014/// SP - 193-200 ER - TY - JOUR TI - MODELING THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON OZONE-RELATED MORTALITY AU - Wilson, Ander AU - Rappold, Ana G. AU - Neas, Lucas M. AU - Reich, Brian J. T2 - ANNALS OF APPLIED STATISTICS AB - Climate change is expected to alter the distribution of ambient ozone levels and temperatures which, in turn, may impact public health. Much research has focused on the effect of short-term ozone exposures on mortality and morbidity while controlling for temperature as a confounder, but less is known about the joint effects of ozone and temperature. The extent of the health effects of changing ozone levels and temperatures will depend on whether these effects are additive or synergistic. In this paper we propose a spatial, semi-parametric model to estimate the joint ozone-temperature risk surfaces in 95 US urban areas. Our methodology restricts the ozone-temperature risk surfaces to be monotone in ozone and allows for both nonadditive and nonlinear effects of ozone and temperature. We use data from the National Mortality and Morbidity Air Pollution Study (NMMAPS) and show that the proposed model fits the data better than additive linear and nonlinear models. We then examine the synergistic effect of ozone and temperature both nationally and locally and find evidence of a nonlinear ozone effect and an ozone-temperature interaction at higher temperatures and ozone concentrations. DA - 2014/9// PY - 2014/9// DO - 10.1214/14-aoas754 VL - 8 IS - 3 SP - 1728-1749 SN - 1932-6157 KW - Air pollution KW - monotone regression KW - mortality KW - ozone-temperature interaction KW - semi-parametric regression KW - spatial modeling ER - TY - JOUR TI - Incorporating Physical Activity Measures Into Environmental Monitoring of National Parks: An Example From Yosemite AU - Walden-Schreiner, Chelsey AU - Leung, Yu-Fai AU - Floyd, Myron F. T2 - JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY & HEALTH AB - To address increasing prevalence of obesity and associated chronic disease, recent national initiatives have called upon federal agencies to promote healthy lifestyles and provide opportunities for physical activity. In response, the U.S. National Park Service has developed strategies promoting health through physical activity in addition to its well-established biodiversity and landscape conservation mission. Incorporating physical activity measures with routine environmental monitoring would help identify areas where parks can promote active pursuits with minimal environmental impact. This study provides one example of how protocols developed for visitor and environmental monitoring can generate data to evaluate physical activity.Researchers implemented an observational study in high-use meadows of Yosemite National Park during the summer of 2011. Variables measured include the spatial location of visitors and activity type. Metabolic equivalents (METs) were assigned to activity categories and analyzed for average energy expenditure.Mean METs values indicated sedentary to light physical activity across the meadows, with greater means in areas with boardwalks or paved pathways.Data leveraged in this study provide park managers an example of adapting existing monitoring programs to incorporate indicators relevant to physical activity evaluation and how physical activity may impact resource conditions in national parks. DA - 2014/9// PY - 2014/9// DO - 10.1123/jpah.2012-0361 VL - 11 IS - 7 SP - 1284-1290 SN - 1543-5474 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84920622592&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - active living KW - behavior mapping KW - energy expenditure KW - park management KW - monitoring protocols ER - TY - JOUR TI - Decomposition of Sources of Errors in Monthly to Seasonal Streamflow Forecasts in a Rainfall-Runoff Regime AU - Sinha, Tushar AU - Sankarasubramanian, A. AU - Mazrooei, Amirhossein T2 - JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY AB - Abstract Despite considerable progress in developing real-time climate forecasts, most studies have evaluated the potential in seasonal streamflow forecasting based on ensemble streamflow prediction (ESP) methods, utilizing only climatological forcings while ignoring general circulation model (GCM)-based climate forecasts. The primary limitation in using GCM forecasts is their coarse resolution, which requires spatiotemporal downscaling to implement land surface models. Consequently, multiple sources of errors are introduced in developing real-time streamflow forecasts utilizing GCM forecasts. A set of error decomposition metrics is provided to address the following questions: 1) How are errors in monthly streamflow forecasts attributed to various sources such as temporal disaggregation, spatial downscaling, imprecise initial hydrologic conditions (IHCs), climatological forcings, and imprecise forecasts? and 2) How do these errors propagate with lead time over different seasons? A calibrated Variable Infiltration Capacity model is used over the Apalachicola River at Chattahoochee in the southeastern United States. The model is forced with a combination of daily precipitation forcings (temporally disaggregated observed precipitation, spatially downscaled and temporally disaggregated observed precipitation, ESP, ECHAM4.5 forecasts, and observed) and IHCs [simulated and climatological ensemble reverse ESP (RESP)] but with observed air temperature and wind speed at ⅛° resolution. Then, errors in forecasting monthly streamflow at up to a 3-month lead time are decomposed by comparing the forecasted streamflow to simulated streamflow under observed forcings. Results indicate that the errors due to temporal disaggregation are much higher than the spatial downscaling errors. During winter and early spring, the increasing order of errors at a 1-month lead time is spatial downscaling, model, temporal disaggregation, RESP, large-scale precipitation forecasts, and ESP. DA - 2014/12// PY - 2014/12// DO - 10.1175/jhm-d-13-0155.1 VL - 15 IS - 6 SP - 2470-2483 SN - 1525-7541 KW - Hydrology KW - Forecasting KW - Hindcasts KW - Seasonal forecasting KW - Model errors ER - TY - JOUR TI - Confounder Selection via Penalized Credible Regions AU - Wilson, Ander AU - Reich, Brian J. T2 - BIOMETRICS AB - Summary When estimating the effect of an exposure or treatment on an outcome it is important to select the proper subset of confounding variables to include in the model. Including too many covariates increases mean square error on the effect of interest while not including confounding variables biases the exposure effect estimate. We propose a decision‐theoretic approach to confounder selection and effect estimation. We first estimate the full standard Bayesian regression model and then post‐process the posterior distribution with a loss function that penalizes models omitting important confounders. Our method can be fit easily with existing software and in many situations without the use of Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, resulting in computation on the order of the least squares solution. We prove that the proposed estimator has attractive asymptotic properties. In a simulation study we show that our method outperforms existing methods. We demonstrate our method by estimating the effect of fine particulate matter (PM ) exposure on birth weight in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina. DA - 2014/12// PY - 2014/12// DO - 10.1111/biom.12203 VL - 70 IS - 4 SP - 852-861 SN - 1541-0420 KW - Adjustment uncertainty KW - Confounder selection KW - Consistency KW - Credible region KW - Variable selection ER - TY - JOUR TI - A spatial capture-recapture model for territorial species AU - Reich, Brian AU - Gardner, B. T2 - Environmetrics AB - Advances in field techniques have lead to an increase in spatially referenced capture–recapture data to estimate a species' population size as well as other demographic parameters and patterns of space usage. Statistical models for these data have assumed that the number of individuals in the population and their spatial locations follow a homogeneous Poisson point process model, which implies that the individuals are uniformly and independently distributed over the spatial domain of interest. In many applications, there is reason to question independence, for example, when species display territorial behavior. In this paper, we propose a new statistical model, which allows for dependence between locations to account for avoidance or territorial behavior. We show via a simulation study that accounting for this can improve population size estimates. The method is illustrated using a case study of small mammal trapping data to estimate avoidance and population density of adult female field voles (Microtus agrestis) in Northern England. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1002/env.2317 VL - 25 IS - 8 SP - 630–637 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A Spectral Method for Spatial Downscaling AU - Reich, Brian J. AU - Chang, Howard H. AU - Foley, Kristen M. T2 - BIOMETRICS AB - Complex computer models play a crucial role in air quality research. These models are used to evaluate potential regulatory impacts of emission control strategies and to estimate air quality in areas without monitoring data. For both of these purposes, it is important to calibrate model output with monitoring data to adjust for model biases and improve spatial prediction. In this article, we propose a new spectral method to study and exploit complex relationships between model output and monitoring data. Spectral methods allow us to estimate the relationship between model output and monitoring data separately at different spatial scales, and to use model output for prediction only at the appropriate scales. The proposed method is computationally efficient and can be implemented using standard software. We apply the method to compare Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model output with ozone measurements in the United States in July 2005. We find that CMAQ captures large-scale spatial trends, but has low correlation with the monitoring data at small spatial scales. DA - 2014/12// PY - 2014/12// DO - 10.1111/biom.12196 VL - 70 IS - 4 SP - 932-942 SN - 1541-0420 KW - Computer model output KW - Data fusion KW - Kriging KW - Multiscale analysis ER - TY - JOUR TI - Seasonal changes in estuarine dissolved organic matter due to variable flushing time and wind-driven mixing events AU - Dixon, Jennifer L. AU - Osburn, Christopher L. AU - Paerl, Hans W. AU - Peierls, Benjamin L. T2 - ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE AB - This study examined the seasonality of dissolved organic matter (DOM) sources and transformations within the Neuse River estuary (NRE) in eastern North Carolina between March 2010 and February 2011. During this time, monthly surface and bottom water samples were collected along the longitudinal axis of the NRE, ranging from freshwater to mesohaline segments. The monthly mean of all surface and bottom measurements made on collected samples was used to clarify larger physical mixing controls in the estuary as a whole. By comparing monthly mean trends in DOM and chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) properties in surface and bottom waters during varying hydrological conditions, we found that DOM and CDOM quality in the NRE is controlled by a combination of discharge, wind speed, and wind direction. The quality of DOM was assessed using C:N ratios, specific ultraviolet absorption at 254 nm (SUVA254), the absorption spectral slope ratio (SR), and the humification (HIX) and biological (BIX) indices from fluorescence. The NRE reflects allochthonous sources when discharge and flushing time are elevated at which times SUVA254 and HIX increased relative to base flow. During periods of reduced discharge and long flushing times in the estuary, extensive autochthonous production modifies the quality of the DOM pool in the NRE. This was evidenced by falling C:N values, and higher BIX and SR values. Lastly, a combination of increased wind speed and shifts in wind direction resulted in benthic resuspension events of degraded, planktonic OM. Thus, the mean DOM characteristics in this shallow micro-tidal estuary can be rapidly altered during episodic mixing events on timescales of a few weeks. DA - 2014/12/5/ PY - 2014/12/5/ DO - 10.1016/j.ecss.2014.10.013 VL - 151 SP - 210-220 SN - 1096-0015 KW - estuary KW - CDOM KW - DOM KW - discharge KW - flushing time KW - wind-driven mixing ER - TY - JOUR TI - RADAR IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES AND RELATED RESEARCH Current Systems, Emerging Technology, and Future Needs AU - Bluestein, Howard B. AU - Rauber, Robert M. AU - Burgess, Donald W. AU - Albrecht, Bruce AU - Ellis, Scott M. AU - Richardson, Yvette P. AU - Jorgensen, David P. AU - Frasier, Stephen J. AU - Chilson, Phillip AU - Palmer, Robert D. AU - Yuter, Sandra E. AU - Lee, Wen-Chau AU - Dowell, David C. AU - Smith, Paul L. AU - Markowski, Paul M. AU - Friedrich, Katja AU - Weckwerth, Tammy M. T2 - BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY AB - To assist the National Science Foundation in meeting the needs of the community of scientists by providing them with the instrumentation and platforms necessary to conduct their research successfully, a meeting was held in late November 2012 with the purpose of defining the problems of the next generation that will require radar technologies and determining the suite of radars best suited to help solve these problems. This paper summarizes the outcome of the meeting: (i) Radars currently in use in the atmospheric sciences and in related research are reviewed. (ii) New and emerging radar technologies are described. (iii) Future needs and opportunities for radar support of high-priority research are discussed. The current radar technologies considered critical to answering the key and emerging scientific questions are examined. The emerging radar technologies that will be most helpful in answering the key scientific questions are identified. Finally, gaps in existing radar observing technologies are listed. DA - 2014/12// PY - 2014/12// DO - 10.1175/bams-d-13-00079.1 VL - 95 IS - 12 SP - 1850-1861 SN - 1520-0477 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Southern Megalopolis: Using the Past to Predict the Future of Urban Sprawl in the Southeast US AU - Terando, Adam J. AU - Costanza, Jennifer AU - Belyea, Curtis AU - Dunn, Robert R. AU - McKerrow, Alexa AU - Collazo, Jaime A. T2 - PLOS ONE AB - The future health of ecosystems is arguably as dependent on urban sprawl as it is on human-caused climatic warming. Urban sprawl strongly impacts the urban ecosystems it creates and the natural and agro-ecosystems that it displaces and fragments. Here, we project urban sprawl changes for the next 50 years for the fast-growing Southeast U.S. Previous studies have focused on modeling population density, but the urban extent is arguably as important as population density per se in terms of its ecological and conservation impacts. We develop simulations using the SLEUTH urban growth model that complement population-driven models but focus on spatial pattern and extent. To better capture the reach of low-density suburban development, we extend the capabilities of SLEUTH by incorporating street-network information. Our simulations point to a future in which the extent of urbanization in the Southeast is projected to increase by 101% to 192%. Our results highlight areas where ecosystem fragmentation is likely, and serve as a benchmark to explore the challenging tradeoffs between ecosystem health, economic growth and cultural desires. DA - 2014/7/23/ PY - 2014/7/23/ DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0102261 VL - 9 IS - 7 SP - SN - 1932-6203 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Stochastic spread models: A comparison between an individual-based and a lattice-based model for assessing the expansion of invasive termites over a landscape AU - Tonini, F. AU - Hochmair, H. H. AU - Scheffrahn, R. H. AU - DeAngelis, D. L. T2 - Ecological Informatics DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 24 SP - 222-230 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Reinforcing Visual Grouping Cues to Communicate Complex Informational Structure AU - Bae, Juhee AU - Watson, Benjamin T2 - IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS AB - In his book Multimedia Learning [7], Richard Mayer asserts that viewers learn best from imagery that provides them with cues to help them organize new information into the correct knowledge structures. Designers have long been exploiting the Gestalt laws of visual grouping to deliver viewers those cues using visual hierarchy, often communicating structures much more complex than the simple organizations studied in psychological research. Unfortunately, designers are largely practical in their work, and have not paused to build a complex theory of structural communication. If we are to build a tool to help novices create effective and well structured visuals, we need a better understanding of how to create them. Our work takes a first step toward addressing this lack, studying how five of the many grouping cues (proximity, color similarity, common region, connectivity, and alignment) can be effectively combined to communicate structured text and imagery from real world examples. To measure the effectiveness of this structural communication, we applied a digital version of card sorting, a method widely used in anthropology and cognitive science to extract cognitive structures. We then used tree edit distance to measure the difference between perceived and communicated structures. Our most significant findings are: 1) with careful design, complex structure can be communicated clearly; 2) communicating complex structure is best done with multiple reinforcing grouping cues; 3) common region (use of containers such as boxes) is particularly effective at communicating structure; and 4) alignment is a weak structural communicator. DA - 2014/12// PY - 2014/12// DO - 10.1109/tvcg.2014.2346998 VL - 20 IS - 12 SP - 1973-1982 SN - 1941-0506 KW - Visual grouping KW - visual hierarchy KW - gestalt principles KW - perception KW - visual communication ER - TY - JOUR TI - Predicting the geographical distribution of two invasive termite species from occurrence data AU - Tonini, F. AU - Divino, F. AU - Jona, L. AU - Giovanna, H. AU - Hartwig H., AU - Scheffrahn, R. H. T2 - Environmental Entomology DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 43 IS - 5 SP - 1135-1144 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Park Use Among Youth and Adults: Examination of Individual, Social, and Urban Form Factors AU - Baran, Perver K. AU - Smith, William R. AU - Moore, Robin C. AU - Floyd, Myron F. AU - Bocarro, Jason N. AU - Cosco, Nilda G. AU - Danninger, Thomas M. T2 - ENVIRONMENT AND BEHAVIOR AB - This article examines park use in relation to neighborhood social (safety and poverty) and urban form (pedestrian infrastructure and street network pattern) characteristics among youth and adult subpopulations defined by age and gender. We utilized System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) and Geographic Information Systems to objectively measure park use and park and neighborhood characteristics in 20 neighborhood parks. Heterogeneous negative binomial regression models indicated that the relationship between park use and types of activity settings, and park use and neighborhood attributes vary by age and gender. In general, the study found that park and activity setting size; activity settings such as playgrounds, basketball courts, pool and water features, shelters, and picnic areas; and availability of sidewalks and intersections in the park’s neighborhood were positively associated with park use, whereas crime, poverty, and racial heterogeneity of the surrounding neighborhood were negatively associated with park use. DA - 2014/8// PY - 2014/8// DO - 10.1177/0013916512470134 VL - 46 IS - 6 SP - 768-800 SN - 1552-390X KW - neighborhood park use KW - crime KW - urban form KW - street connectivity KW - pedestrian infrastructure ER - TY - JOUR TI - Observed influence of riming, temperature, and turbulence on the fallspeed of solid precipitation AU - Garrett, Timothy J. AU - Yuter, Sandra E. T2 - GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS AB - Forecasts of the amount and geographic distribution of snow are highly sensitive to a model's parameterization of hydrometeor fallspeed. Riming is generally thought to lead to particles with a higher mass and terminal velocity. Yet models commonly assume that heavily rimed particles such as graupel have a fixed density and that their settling speed is unaffected by turbulence in storms. Here we show automated measurements of photographed hydrometeor shape and fallspeed using a new instrument placed in Utah's Wasatch Mountain Range. The data show that graupel in low-turbulence conditions has a size-dependent fallspeed distribution with a mode near 1 m s−1, a result that is generally consistent with prior observations. However, the distributions are broadened by turbulence and there is a correspondence between particle density and air temperature. In high turbulence and at low temperatures, any sensitivity of fallspeed to particle size disappears. DA - 2014/9/28/ PY - 2014/9/28/ DO - 10.1002/2014gl061016 VL - 41 IS - 18 SP - 6515-6522 SN - 1944-8007 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Note-taking within MetaTutor: Interactions between an intelligent tutoring system and prior knowledge on note-taking and learning AU - Trevors, G. AU - Duffy, M. AU - Azevedo, R. T2 - Educational Technology Research and Development: ETR & D DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 62 IS - 5 SP - 507-528 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Issues in dealing with sequential and temporal characteristics of self- and socially-regulated learning AU - Azevedo, R. T2 - Metacognition and Learning DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 9 IS - 2 SP - 217-228 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Areal delineation of home regions from contribution and editing patterns in OpenStreetMap AU - Zielstra, D. AU - Hochmair, H. H. AU - Neis, P. AU - Tonini, F. T2 - International Journal of Geo-Information DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 3 IS - 4 SP - 1211-1233 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The role of retrospective weather forecasts in developing daily forecasts of nutrient loadings over the southeast US AU - Oh, J. AU - Sinha, T. AU - Sankarasubramanian, A. T2 - Hydrology and Earth System Sciences AB - Abstract. It is well known in the hydrometeorology literature that developing real-time daily streamflow forecasts in a given season significantly depends on the skill of daily precipitation forecasts over the watershed. Similarly, it is widely known that streamflow is the most important predictor in estimating nutrient loadings and the associated concentration. The intent of this study is to bridge these two findings so that daily nutrient loadings and the associated concentration could be predicted using daily precipitation forecasts and previously observed streamflow as surrogates of antecedent land surface conditions. By selecting 18 relatively undeveloped basins in the southeast US (SEUS), we evaluate the skill in predicting observed total nitrogen (TN) loadings in the Water Quality Network (WQN) by first developing the daily streamflow forecasts using the retrospective weather forecasts based on K-nearest neighbor (K-NN) resampling approach and then forcing the forecasted streamflow with a nutrient load estimation (LOADEST) model to obtain daily TN forecasts. Skill in developing forecasts of streamflow, TN loadings and the associated concentration were computed using rank correlation and RMSE (root mean square error), by comparing the respective forecast values with the WQN observations for the selected 18 Hydro-Climatic Data Network (HCDN) stations. The forecasted daily streamflow and TN loadings and their concentration have statistically significant skill in predicting the respective daily observations in the WQN database at all 18 stations over the SEUS. Only two stations showed statistically insignificant relationships in predicting the observed nitrogen concentration. We also found that the skill in predicting the observed TN loadings increases with the increase in drainage area, which indicates that the large-scale precipitation reforecasts correlate better with precipitation and streamflow over large watersheds. To overcome the limited samplings of TN in the WQN data, we extended the analyses by developing retrospective daily streamflow forecasts over the period 1979–2012 using reforecasts based on the K-NN resampling approach. Based on the coefficient of determination (R2Q-daily) of the daily streamflow forecasts, we computed the potential skill (R2TN-daily) in developing daily nutrient forecasts based on the R2 of the LOADEST model for each station. The analyses showed that the forecasting skills of TN loadings are relatively better in the winter and spring months, while skills are inferior during summer months. Despite these limitations, there is potential in utilizing the daily streamflow forecasts derived from real-time weather forecasts for developing daily nutrient forecasts, which could be employed for various adaptive nutrient management strategies for ensuring better water quality. DA - 2014/8/6/ PY - 2014/8/6/ DO - 10.5194/hess-18-2885-2014 VL - 18 IS - 8 SP - 2885-2898 J2 - Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. LA - en OP - SN - 1607-7938 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2885-2014 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Soundscape variation from a larval perspective: the case for habitat-associated sound as a settlement cue for weakly swimming estuarine larvae AU - Lillis, Ashlee AU - Eggleston, David B. AU - Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne R. T2 - MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES AB - MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 509:57-70 (2014) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10917 Soundscape variation from a larval perspective: the case for habitat-associated sound as a settlement cue for weakly swimming estuarine larvae Ashlee Lillis*, David B. Eggleston, DelWayne R. Bohnenstiehl Department of Marine, Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8208, USA *Corresponding author: aslillis@ncsu.edu ABSTRACT: Settlement is a critical phase in the life history of most benthic marine organisms and has important implications for their survival and reproductive success, and ultimately for population and community dynamics. Larval encounter with settlement habitats is likely facilitated through the use of habitat-specific physical and chemical cues, but the scales over which particular habitat-related environmental cues may operate are rarely measured. In Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, USA we used passively drifting acoustic recorders to measure the variation in habitat-related underwater sound, a potential broad-scale settlement cue, at spatiotemporal scales relevant to dispersing bivalve larvae in the estuary. Sound levels increased by up to 30 dB during passage over oyster reefs compared to off-reef soft bottom areas, and sound level fluctuations in the 2000 to 23000 Hz frequency range closely corresponded to the presence of oyster reef patches below drifters, indicating that sound characteristics could reliably provide a signal of benthic habitat type to planktonic larvae. Using these soundscape measurements and the known descent capabilities of oyster larvae, we demonstrate with a conceptual model that response to habitat-related sound cues is a feasible mechanism for enhanced larval encounter with settlement substrate. KEY WORDS: Soundscape ecology · Larval habitat cues · Acoustic patterns · Hydrophone drifters · Oyster reefs · Passive acoustics Full text in pdf format PreviousNextCite this article as: Lillis A, Eggleston DB, Bohnenstiehl DR (2014) Soundscape variation from a larval perspective: the case for habitat-associated sound as a settlement cue for weakly swimming estuarine larvae. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 509:57-70. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10917 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 509. Online publication date: August 27, 2014 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2014 Inter-Research. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.3354/meps10917 VL - 509 SP - 57-70 SN - 1616-1599 KW - Soundscape ecology KW - Larval habitat cues KW - Acoustic patterns KW - Hydrophone drifters KW - Oyster reefs KW - Passive acoustics ER - TY - JOUR TI - Landscape position and spatial patterns in the distribution of land use within the southern Appalachian Mountains AU - Rice, Joshua S. AU - Emanuel, Ryan E. T2 - PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY AB - Understanding the forces that influence the distribution of land use and land-use change (LUC) is an essential step in developing effective strategies for managing these issues. We examined the influence of landscape position on spatial patterns in land-use distribution within the Little Tennessee River Basin (LTRB) of the southern Appalachian Mountains. We show that landscape position, defined with respect to both natural and anthropogenic spatial variables, provides for the identification of statistically significant differences in the distribution of common forms of land use in the study region. Using the same variables, significant differences in the landscape positions subject to land-use change in the LTRB are also examined. These results suggest landscape position exerts a strong influence on the distribution of different forms of land use and the likeliness of given area undergoing LUC. The approach presented here, of considering land use as a function of landscape position that responds to both natural and anthropogenic forces, may prove useful in aiding the development of future strategies to address the consequences of land use in many regions. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1080/02723646.2014.909218 VL - 35 IS - 5 SP - 443-457 SN - 1930-0557 UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000341138200005&KeyUID=WOS:000341138200005 KW - land use KW - land-use change KW - natural resource management KW - spatial analysis KW - southern Appalachian Mountains ER - TY - JOUR TI - Surface Microphysical Observations within East Coast Winter Storms on Long Island, New York AU - Colle, Brian A. AU - Stark, David AU - Yuter, Sandra E. T2 - MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW AB - Abstract Surface observations of ice habit and degree of riming were measured for 12 cyclone events over 3 winter seasons at Stony Brook, New York, on the northeast coast of the United States. A total of 205.6 cm of snow accumulated during these storms, with an average degree of riming of 1.25 (out of 5) and snow-to-liquid ratio ranging from 3:1 to 17:1. There were consistent spatial patterns of habit and riming intensity relative to the cyclone structure. Cold-type habits (side planes and bullets) commonly occurred within the outer comma head to the north and northeast of the cyclone center. In the middle of the comma head, moderately rimed dendrites, plates, and needles were observed. Close to the cyclone center, heavy riming was observed with needles and graupel. The western quadrant of the comma head had primarily plates and dendrites with little to no riming. Periods of light riming and high snow–liquid ratios (≥13:1) are dominated by cold-type habits, dendrites, and plates and have similar vertical motion and synoptic characteristics inferred from 13-km Rapid Update Cycle analyses. Maximum vertical motion occurred in a region of favored ice growth and less supercooled water (from −15° to −25°C). During heavy riming periods, needles and graupel are dominant and the vertical motion maximum occurs at temperatures from 0° to −5°C. Vertically pointing Micro Rain Radar indicates stronger vertical motions and turbulence for heavy riming as opposed to light rimming periods. Periods with low snow-to-liquid ratio (≤7:1) were observed to occur either as heavy rimed particles or as light riming of compact habits such as sideplanes, bullets, and needles. DA - 2014/9// PY - 2014/9// DO - 10.1175/mwr-d-14-00035.1 VL - 142 IS - 9 SP - 3126-3146 SN - 1520-0493 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hydroacoustic investigation of submarine landslides at West Mata volcano, Lau Basin AU - Caplan-Auerbach, J. AU - Dziak, R. P. AU - Bohnenstiehl, D. R. AU - Chadwick, W. W. AU - Lau, T. -K. T2 - GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS AB - Abstract Submarine landslides are an important process in volcano growth yet are rarely observed and poorly understood. We show that landslides occur frequently in association with the eruption of West Mata volcano in the NE Lau Basin. These events are identifiable in hydroacoustic data recorded between ~5 and 20 km from the volcano and may be recognized in spectrograms by the weak and strong powers at specific frequencies generated by multipathing of sound waves. The summation of direct and surface‐reflected arrivals causes interference patterns in the spectrum that change with time as the landslide propagates. Observed frequencies are consistent with propagation down the volcano's north flank in an area known to have experienced mass wasting in the past. These data allow us to estimate the distance traveled by West Mata landslides and show that they travel at average speeds of ~10–25 m/s. DA - 2014/8/28/ PY - 2014/8/28/ DO - 10.1002/2014gl060964 VL - 41 IS - 16 SP - 5927-5934 SN - 1944-8007 KW - West Mata KW - hydroacoustic KW - landslide ER - TY - JOUR TI - Can the use of cognitive and metacognitive self-regulated learning strategies be predicted by learners' levels of prior knowledge in hypermedia-learning environments? AU - Taub, M. AU - Azevedo, R. AU - Bouchet, F. AU - Khosravifar, B. T2 - Computers in Human Behavior DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 39 SP - 356-367 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A mixed-methods analysis of social-ecological feedbacks between urbanization and forest persistence AU - BenDor, Todd AU - Shoemaker, Douglas A. AU - Thill, Jean-Claude AU - Dorning, Monica A. AU - Meentemeyer, Ross K. T2 - ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY AB - BenDor, T., D. A. Shoemaker, J.-C. Thill, M. A. Dorning, and R. K. Meentemeyer. 2014. A mixed-methods analysis of social-ecological feedbacks between urbanization and forest persistence. Ecology and Society 19(3): 3. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-06508-190303 DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.5751/es-06508-190303 VL - 19 IS - 3 SP - SN - 1708-3087 KW - forest persistence KW - land-use change KW - social-ecological feedbacks KW - tax policy KW - urban forests KW - urbanization ER - TY - JOUR TI - Use of Quantitative Traits to Assess Aggressiveness of Phakopsora pachyrhizi Isolates from Nigeria and the United States AU - Twizeyimana, M. AU - Ojiambo, P. S. AU - Bandyopadhyay, R. AU - Hartman, G. L. T2 - PLANT DISEASE AB - Soybean rust, caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is one of the most important foliar diseases of soybean worldwide. The soybean–P. pachyrhizi interaction is often complex due to genetic variability in host and pathogen genotypes. In a compatible reaction, soybean genotypes produce tan-colored lesions, whereas in an incompatible reaction soybean genotypes produce an immune response (complete resistance) or reddish-brown lesions (incomplete resistance). In this study, in total, 116 and 72 isolates of P. pachyrhizi from Nigeria and the United States, respectively, were compared based on six quantitative traits to assess their aggressiveness on two soybean genotypes. All isolates produced reddish-brown lesions on plant introduction (PI) 462312 and tan lesions on TGx 1485-1D. The number of days after inoculation to first appearance of lesions, uredinia, and sporulation, along with the number of lesions and sporulating uredinia per square centimeter of leaf tissue, and the number of uredinia per lesion, were significantly (P < 0.001) different between the two soybean genotypes for all isolates from each country. The number of days to first appearance of lesions, uredinia, and sporulation were greater on PI 462312 than on TGx 1485-1D for all the test isolates. Similarly, the number of lesions and sporulating uredinia per square centimeter, and the number of uredinia per lesion were lower on PI 462312 than on TGx 1485-1D. For both soybean genotypes, the number of sporulating uredinia per square centimeter significantly (P = 0.0001) increased with an increase in the number of lesions per square centimeter. Although the slope of the regression of sporulating uredinia on number of lesions was greater (P < 0.0001) when TGx 1485-1D was inoculated with Nigerian isolates compared with U.S. isolates, slopes of the regression lines did not differ significantly (P > 0.0675) when PI 46312 was inoculated with Nigerian or U.S. isolates. This is the first study that used a large number of isolates from two continents to assess aggressiveness of P. pachyrhizi using multiple traits in soybean genotypes with contrasting types of disease reaction. DA - 2014/9// PY - 2014/9// DO - 10.1094/pdis-12-13-1247-re VL - 98 IS - 9 SP - 1261-1266 SN - 1943-7692 UR - http://europepmc.org/abstract/AGR/IND500906801 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Physicochemical effects on dissolved organic matter fluorescence in natural waters AU - Osburn, C. L. AU - Del Vecchio, R. AU - Boyd, T. J. T2 - Aquatic organic matter fluorescence DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// SP - 233-277 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Optical and chemical characterization of base-extracted particulate organic matter in coastal marine environments AU - Brym, Adeline AU - Paerl, Hans W. AU - Montgomery, Michael T. AU - Handsel, Lauren T. AU - Ziervogel, Kai AU - Osburn, Christopher L. T2 - MARINE CHEMISTRY AB - Absorbance and fluorescence measurements were measured on base-extracted particulate organic matter (BEPOM) to examine POM biogeochemistry in coastal marine environments. BEPOM trends from August 2011–September 2012 in the Neuse River Estuary (NRE) were compared against single sampling events in Charleston Harbor (CHS) and the inner Louisiana–Texas Shelf of the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) in July 2011 and July 2012, respectively. Spectral slope values, S275–295, and the ratio of spectral slopes, SR values, were mainly influenced by distinct structure in the UV-B region of BEPOM absorption spectra, which was similar to prior laboratory work on autochthonous, planktonic sources of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM). A PARAFAC model with five components was fit to BEPOM excitation–emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence data. Excitation and emission spectra of the five components were similar to those found for dissolved organic matter (DOM) in other coastal environments, with two components attributed to planktonic sources and two components attributed to terrestrial (humic) sources. A fifth component was attributed to microbial humic substances. Principle components analysis of PARAFAC results separated autochthonous, planktonic components from allochthonous, terrestrial components and explained > 70% of the variance in the data. Surface water stable carbon isotope (δ13C) values of BEPOM from the NRE and CHS ranged from − 29 to − 23‰, with most enriched values occurring synchronous with high Chl-a concentrations, and indicating that enriched δ13C values in BEPOM reflected a planktonic source. Notably, δ13C-BEPOM values for the GOM shelf below 50 m water depth were depleted (<− 30‰), and a mixing model indicated that 30–40% of the POM could originate from methanic carbon. BEPOM absorption and fluorescence results suggested a planktonic POM as a source of CDOM in coastal marine environments. DA - 2014/5/20/ PY - 2014/5/20/ DO - 10.1016/j.marchem.2014.03.006 VL - 162 SP - 96-113 SN - 1872-7581 KW - POM KW - Absorption KW - Fluorescence KW - PARAFAC KW - Carbon stable isotopes ER - TY - JOUR TI - OCEAN-CLOUD-ATMOSPHERELAND INTERACTIONS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN PACIFIC AU - Mechoso, C. R. AU - Wood, R. AU - Weller, R. AU - Bretherton, C. S. AU - Clarke, A. D. AU - Coe, H. AU - Fairall, C. AU - Farrar, J. T. AU - Feingold, G. AU - Garreaud, R. AU - Grados, C. AU - McWilliams, J. AU - Szoeke, S. P. AU - Yuter, S. E. AU - Zuidema, P. T2 - BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY AB - The present paper describes the Variability of the American Monsoon Systems (VAMOS) Ocean–Cloud–Atmosphere–Land Study (VOCALS), an international research program focused on the improved understanding and modeling of the southeastern Pacific (SEP) climate system on diurnal to interannual time scales. In the framework of the SEP climate, VOCALS has two fundamental objectives: 1) improved simulations by coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation models (CGCMs), with an emphasis on reducing systematic errors in the region; and 2) improved estimates of the indirect effects of aerosols on low clouds and climate, with an emphasis on the more precise quantification of those effects. VOCALS major scientific activities are outlined, and selected achievements are highlighted. Activities described include monitoring in the region, a large international field campaign (the VOCALS Regional Experiment), and two model assessments. The program has already produced significant advances in the understanding of major issues in the SEP: the coastal circulation and the diurnal cycle, the ocean heat budget, factors controlling precipitation and formation of pockets of open cells in stratocumulus decks, aerosol impacts on clouds, and estimation of the first aerosol indirect effect. The paper concludes with a brief presentation on VOCALS contributions to community capacity building before a summary of scientific findings and remaining questions. DA - 2014/3// PY - 2014/3// DO - 10.1175/bams-d-11-00246.1 VL - 95 IS - 3 SP - 357-375 SN - 1520-0477 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Improved regional water management utilizing climate forecasts: An interbasin transfer model with a risk management framework AU - Li, Weihua AU - Sankarasubramanian, A. AU - Ranjithan, R. S. AU - Brill, E. D. T2 - Water Resources Research AB - Abstract Regional water supply systems undergo surplus and deficit conditions due to differences in inflow characteristics as well as due to their seasonal demand patterns. This study proposes a framework for regional water management by proposing an interbasin transfer (IBT) model that uses climate‐information‐based inflow forecast for minimizing the deviations from the end‐of‐season target storage across the participating pools. Using the ensemble streamflow forecast, the IBT water allocation model was applied for two reservoir systems in the North Carolina Triangle Area. Results show that interbasin transfers initiated by the ensemble streamflow forecast could potentially improve the overall water supply reliability as the demand continues to grow in the Triangle Area. To further understand the utility of climate forecasts in facilitating IBT under different spatial correlation structures between inflows and between the initial storages of the two systems, a synthetic experiment was designed to evaluate the framework under inflow forecast having different skills. Findings from the synthetic study can be summarized as follows: (a) inflow forecasts combined with the proposed IBT optimization model provide improved allocation in comparison to the allocations obtained under the no‐transfer scenario as well as under transfers obtained with climatology; (b) spatial correlations between inflows and between initial storages among participating reservoirs could also influence the potential benefits that could be achieved through IBT; (c) IBT is particularly beneficial for systems that experience low correlations between inflows or between initial storages or on both attributes of the regional water supply system. Thus, if both infrastructure and permitting structures exist for promoting interbasin transfers, season‐ahead inflow forecasts could provide added benefits in forecasting surplus/deficit conditions among the participating pools in the regional water supply system. DA - 2014/8// PY - 2014/8// DO - 10.1002/2013wr015248 VL - 50 IS - 8 SP - 6810-6827 J2 - Water Resour. Res. LA - en OP - SN - 0043-1397 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013WR015248 DB - Crossref KW - regional water management KW - inflow forecasts KW - interbasin transfer ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hierarchical Dose-Response Modeling for High-Throughput Toxicity Screening of Environmental Chemicals AU - Wilson, Ander AU - Reif, David M. AU - Reich, Brian J. T2 - BIOMETRICS AB - Summary High‐throughput screening (HTS) of environmental chemicals is used to identify chemicals with high potential for adverse human health and environmental effects from among the thousands of untested chemicals. Predicting physiologically relevant activity with HTS data requires estimating the response of a large number of chemicals across a battery of screening assays based on sparse dose–response data for each chemical‐assay combination. Many standard dose–response methods are inadequate because they treat each curve separately and under‐perform when there are as few as 6–10 observations per curve. We propose a semiparametric Bayesian model that borrows strength across chemicals and assays. Our method directly parametrizes the efficacy and potency of the chemicals as well as the probability of response. We use the ToxCast data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as motivation. We demonstrate that our hierarchical method provides more accurate estimates of the probability of response, efficacy, and potency than separate curve estimation in a simulation study. We use our semiparametric method to compare the efficacy of chemicals in the ToxCast data to well‐characterized reference chemicals on estrogen receptor (ER ) and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR ) assays, then estimate the probability that other chemicals are active at lower concentrations than the reference chemicals. DA - 2014/3// PY - 2014/3// DO - 10.1111/biom.12114 VL - 70 IS - 1 SP - 237-246 SN - 1541-0420 KW - Bayesian KW - Computational toxicology KW - Dose-response KW - MCMC KW - Monotonicity KW - Semiparametric KW - ToxCast ER - TY - JOUR TI - First Report of Pseudoperonospora cubensis Causing Downy Mildew on Momordica balsamina and M. charantia in North Carolina AU - Wallace, E. AU - Adams, M. AU - Ivors, K. AU - Ojiambo, P. S. AU - Quesada-Ocampo, L. M. T2 - PLANT DISEASE AB - Momordica balsamina (balsam apple) and M. charantia L. (bitter melon/bitter gourd/balsam pear) commonly grow in the wild in Africa and Asia; bitter melon is also cultivated for food and medicinal purposes in Asia (1). In the United States, these cucurbits grow as weeds or ornamentals. Both species are found in southern states and bitter melon is also found in Pennsylvania and Connecticut (3). Cucurbit downy mildew (CDM), caused by the oomycete Pseudoperonospora cubensis, was observed on bitter melon and balsam apple between August and October of 2013 in six North Carolina sentinel plots belonging to the CDM ipmPIPE program (2). Plots were located at research stations in Johnston, Sampson, Lenoir, Henderson, Rowan, and Haywood counties, and contained six different commercial cucurbit species including cucumbers, melons, and squashes in addition to the Momordica spp. Leaves with symptoms typical of CDM were collected from the Momordica spp. and symptoms varied from irregular chlorotic lesions to circular lesions with chlorotic halos on the adaxial leaf surface. Sporulation on the abaxial side of the leaves was observed and a compound microscope revealed sporangiophores (180 to 200 μm height) bearing lemon-shaped, dark sporangia (20 to 35 × 10 to 20 μm diameter) with papilla on one end. Genomic DNA was extracted from lesions and regions of the NADH dehydrogynase subunit 1 (Nad1), NADH dehydrogynase subunit 5 (Nad5), and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) ribosomal RNA genes were amplified and sequenced (4). BLAST analysis revealed 100% identity to P. cubensis Nad1 (HQ636552.1, HQ636551.1), Nad5 (HQ636556.1), and ITS (HQ636491.1) sequences in GenBank. Sequences from a downy mildew isolate from each Momordica spp. were deposited in GenBank as accession nos. KJ496339 through 44. To further confirm host susceptibility, vein junctions on the abaxial leaf surface of five detached leaves of lab-grown balsam apple and bitter melon were either inoculated with a sporangia suspension (10 μl, 104 sporangia/ml) of a P. cubensis isolate from Cucumis sativus ('Vlaspik' cucumber), or with water as a control. Inoculated leaves were placed in humidity chambers to promote infection and incubated using a 12-h light (21°C) and dark (18°C) cycle. Seven days post inoculation, CDM symptoms and sporulation were observed on inoculated balsam apple and bitter melon leaves. P. cubensis has been reported as a pathogen of both hosts in Iowa (5). To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. cubensis infecting these Momordica spp. in NC in the field. Identifying these Momordica spp. as hosts for P. cubensis is important since these cucurbits may serve as a source of CDM inoculum and potentially an overwintering mechanism for P. cubensis. Further research is needed to establish the role of non-commercial cucurbits in the yearly CDM epidemic, which will aid the efforts of the CDM ipmPIPE to predict disease outbreaks. References: (1) L. K. Bharathi and K. J. John. Momordica Genus in Asia-An Overview. Springer, New Delhi, India, 2013. (2) P. S. Ojiambo et al. Plant Health Prog. doi:10.1094/PHP-2011-0411-01-RV, 2011. (3) PLANTS Database. Natural Resources Conservation Service, USDA. Retrieved from http://plants.usda.gov/ , 7 February 2014. (4) L. M. Quesada-Ocampo et al. Plant Dis. 96:1459, 2012. (5) USDA. Index of Plant Disease in the United States. Agricultural Handbook 165, 1960. DA - 2014/9// PY - 2014/9// DO - 10.1094/pdis-03-14-0305-pdn VL - 98 IS - 9 SP - 1279-1279 SN - 1943-7692 UR - http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/30699625 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ecohydrological flow networks in the subsurface AU - Band, L. E. AU - McDonnell, J. J. AU - Duncan, J. M. AU - Barros, A. AU - Bejan, A. AU - Burt, T. AU - Dietrich, W. E. AU - Emanuel, R. E. AU - Hwang, T. AU - Katul, G. AU - Kim, Y. AU - McGlynn, B. AU - Miles, B. AU - Porporato, A. AU - Scaife, C. AU - Troch, P. A. T2 - ECOHYDROLOGY AB - ABSTRACT Preferential flow in hillslope systems through subsurface networks developed from a range of botanical, faunal and geophysical processes have been observed and inferred for decades and may provide a large component of the bulk transport of water and solutes. However, our dominant paradigm for understanding and modelling hillslope hydrologic processes is still based on the Darcy–Richards matric flow framework, now with a set of additional methods to attempt to reproduce some of the aggregate function of the two‐phase system of network and matrix flow. We call for a community effort to design and implement a set of well planned experiments in different natural and constructed hillslopes, coupled with the development of new theory and methods to explicitly incorporate and couple the co‐evolution of subsurface flow networks as intrinsic components of hydrological, ecological and geomorphic systems. This is a major community challenge that can now benefit from new experimental infrastructure, renewal of older infrastructure and recent advances in sensor systems and computational capacity but will also require a sustained and organized interdisciplinary approach. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. DA - 2014/8// PY - 2014/8// DO - 10.1002/eco.1525 VL - 7 IS - 4 SP - 1073-1078 SN - 1936-0592 UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000340541600001&KeyUID=WOS:000340541600001 KW - hillslope hydrology KW - flow networks KW - co-evolution KW - community challenge ER - TY - JOUR TI - Deepwater Horizon Oil in Gulf of Mexico Waters after 2 Years: Transformation into the Dissolved Organic Matter Pool AU - Bianchi, Thomas S. AU - Osburn, Christopher AU - Shields, Michael R. AU - Yvon-Lewis, Shari AU - Young, Jordan AU - Guo, Laodong AU - Zhou, Zhengzhen T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY AB - Recent work has shown the presence of anomalous dissolved organic matter (DOM), with high optical yields, in deep waters 15 months after the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). Here, we continue to use the fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) technique coupled with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) modeling, measurements of bulk organic carbon, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), oil indices, and other optical properties to examine the chemical evolution and transformation of oil components derived from the DWH in the water column of the GOM. Seawater samples were collected from the GOM during July 2012, 2 years after the oil spill. This study shows that, while dissolved organic carbon (DOC) values have decreased since just after the DWH spill, they remain higher at some stations than typical deep-water values for the GOM. Moreover, we continue to observe fluorescent DOM components in deep waters, similar to those of degraded oil observed in lab and field experiments, which suggest that oil-related fluorescence signatures, as part of the DOM pool, have persisted for 2 years in the deep waters. This supports the notion that some oil-derived chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) components could still be identified in deep waters after 2 years of degradation, which is further supported by the lower DIC and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) associated with greater amounts of these oil-derived components in deep waters, assuming microbial activity on DOM in the current water masses is only the controlling factor of DIC and pCO2 concentrations. DA - 2014/8/19/ PY - 2014/8/19/ DO - 10.1021/es501547b VL - 48 IS - 16 SP - 9288-9297 SN - 1520-5851 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Antarctic icebergs: A significant natural ocean sound source in the Southern Hemisphere AU - Matsumoto, H. AU - Bohnenstiehl, D. R. AU - Tournadre, J. AU - Dziak, R. P. AU - Haxel, J. H. AU - Lau, T. K. A. AU - Fowler, M. AU - Salo, S. A. T2 - Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems AB - Abstract In late 2007, two massive icebergs, C19a and B15a, drifted into open water and slowly disintegrated in the southernmost Pacific Ocean. Archived acoustic records show that the high‐intensity underwater sounds accompanying this breakup increased ocean noise levels at mid‐to‐equatorial latitudes over a period of ∼1.5 years. More typically, seasonal variations in ocean noise, which are characterized by austral summer‐highs and winter‐lows, appear to be modulated by the annual cycle of Antarctic iceberg drift and subsequent disintegration. This seasonal pattern is observed in all three Oceans of the Southern Hemisphere. The life cycle of Antarctic icebergs affects not only marine ecosystem but also the sound environment in far‐reaching areas and must be accounted for in any effort to isolate anthropogenic or climate‐induced noise contributions to the ocean soundscape. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1002/2014gc005454 VL - 15 IS - 8 SP - 3448-3458 ER - TY - JOUR TI - An Open Source Web-Mapping System for Tourism Planning and Marketing AU - Supak, Stacy Kathleen AU - Devine, Hugh Alexander AU - Brothers, Gene Leroy AU - Rozier Rich, Samantha AU - Shen, Wenbo T2 - Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing AB - Core retail management functions include defining market areas and profiling customers. For tourism enterprises, market areas are geographically dispersed with many customers residing beyond the immediate area surrounding the attraction. Visualization and analysis of these distributed market areas are significantly enhanced by the capabilities of Geographic Information System (GIS) technology and help to support management objectives. Unfortunately, many businesses are unable to utilize GIS due to its complexity and expense. This study develops a decision support tool for tourism planning and marketing that is customized and easy to use, employs open source software to reduce expense, and allows for broad accessibility via web delivery. Users can easily visualize and examine the spatial distribution of their own United States (US) client origins and visitation patterns along with relevant tourism-specific and general demographic information. This functionality can be beneficial in developing or augmenting business plans or marketing strategies, and for informing tourism theory. DA - 2014/10/3/ PY - 2014/10/3/ DO - 10.1080/10548408.2014.890153 VL - 31 IS - 7 SP - 835-853 J2 - Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing LA - en OP - SN - 1054-8408 1540-7306 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2014.890153 DB - Crossref KW - Tourism marketing KW - Geographic Information System (GIS) KW - open source KW - web delivery ER - TY - JOUR TI - Instability Characteristics of Radar-Derived Mesoscale Organization Modes within Cool-Season Precipitation near Portland, Oregon* AU - Cunningham, Jeffrey G. AU - Yuter, Sandra E. T2 - MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW AB - Abstract The instability characteristics associated with different radar-derived mesoscale organization modes are examined using six cool seasons of operational scanning radar data near Portland, Oregon, and operational sounding data from Salem, Oregon. Additionally, several years of Microwave Rain Radar Ka-band vertically pointing radar data from Portland and Merwin, Washington, are used to characterize the nature and occurrence of generating cells and fall streaks. The combination of a new metric, convective-stratiform intermittency, with the classification of radar reflectivity maps into convective and stratiform precipitation types was applied to periods when the freezing level was &gt;1.4-km altitude. This method distinguishes periods with embedded convective within stratiform mesoscale organization from those that were mostly convective or mostly stratiform. Mesoscale organization occurs in a continuum of states with predominantly stratiform structure occurring most frequently. Generating cells in the snow layer are common in cool-season storms and are primarily associated with potential instability aloft. For mostly stratiform and embedded convective within stratiform 3-h periods, the vertically pointing radar data showed nearly ubiquitous fall streaks in the snow layer originating above 3-km altitude. Stronger generating cells enhanced reflectivity in the rain layer consistent with a seeder mechanism. Stronger generating cells were more common during embedded convection within stratiform than in mostly stratiform periods. Nearly all embedded periods have active or latent (potential) instability. Hydrostatic instability more typically occurred at higher altitudes for embedded convective within stratiform periods compared to mostly convective periods. The occurrence of vertical wind shear instability was primary below 2-km altitude and was not typically associated with levels with generating cells. DA - 2014/5// PY - 2014/5// DO - 10.1175/mwr-d-13-00133.1 VL - 142 IS - 5 SP - 1738-1757 SN - 1520-0493 KW - Storm environments KW - Radiosonde observations KW - Radars/Radar observations KW - Mesoscale processes KW - Orographic effects KW - Mesoscale systems ER - TY - JOUR TI - Guidelines for a priori grouping of species in hierarchical community models AU - Pacifici, Krishna AU - Zipkin, Elise F. AU - Collazo, Jaime A. AU - Irizarry, Julissa I. AU - DeWan, Amielle T2 - ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION AB - Abstract Recent methodological advances permit the estimation of species richness and occurrences for rare species by linking species‐level occurrence models at the community level. The value of such methods is underscored by the ability to examine the influence of landscape heterogeneity on species assemblages at large spatial scales. A salient advantage of community‐level approaches is that parameter estimates for data‐poor species are more precise as the estimation process “borrows” from data‐rich species. However, this analytical benefit raises a question about the degree to which inferences are dependent on the implicit assumption of relatedness among species. Here, we assess the sensitivity of community/group‐level metrics, and individual‐level species inferences given various classification schemes for grouping species assemblages using multispecies occurrence models. We explore the implications of these groupings on parameter estimates for avian communities in two ecosystems: tropical forests in Puerto Rico and temperate forests in northeastern United States. We report on the classification performance and extent of variability in occurrence probabilities and species richness estimates that can be observed depending on the classification scheme used. We found estimates of species richness to be most precise and to have the best predictive performance when all of the data were grouped at a single community level. Community/group‐level parameters appear to be heavily influenced by the grouping criteria, but were not driven strictly by total number of detections for species. We found different grouping schemes can provide an opportunity to identify unique assemblage responses that would not have been found if all of the species were analyzed together. We suggest three guidelines: (1) classification schemes should be determined based on study objectives; (2) model selection should be used to quantitatively compare different classification approaches; and (3) sensitivity of results to different classification approaches should be assessed. These guidelines should help researchers apply hierarchical community models in the most effective manner. DA - 2014/4// PY - 2014/4// DO - 10.1002/ece3.976 VL - 4 IS - 7 SP - 877-888 SN - 2045-7758 KW - Biodiversity KW - community modeling KW - hierarchical modeling KW - imperfect detection KW - occurrence modeling KW - species richness ER - TY - JOUR TI - Estuarine soundscapes: distinct acoustic characteristics of oyster reefs compared to soft-bottom habitats AU - Lillis, Ashlee AU - Eggleston, David B. AU - Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne R. T2 - MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES AB - MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 505:1-17 (2014) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10805 FEATURE ARTICLE Estuarine soundscapes: distinct acoustic characteristics of oyster reefs compared to soft-bottom habitats Ashlee Lillis*, David B. Eggleston, DelWayne R. Bohnenstiehl Department of Marine, Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8208, USA *Corresponding author: aslillis@ncsu.edu ABSTRACT: Different types of benthic habitats likely produce distinct soundscapes due to differences in the physical and biological contributors to ambient sound. Despite their potential importance to ecological processes such as larval settlement, the soundscapes of most coastal and estuarine habitats have not been characterized. We investigated whether an estuarine soundscape is a reliable indicator of habitat type by measuring the sounds of oyster reefs and nearby off-reef soft-bottom areas in Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, USA. Acoustic sampling in 3 areas across the estuary revealed distinct acoustic patterns in oyster reef habitats compared to surrounding off-reef areas, with reef soundscapes dominated by snapping shrimp sounds and the vocalizations of reef-dwelling fish species. Compared to soft-bottom habitat, oyster reefs had significantly higher sound pressure levels in the 2-23 kHz frequency band and higher acoustic diversity index values at each concurrent sampling event. Spectral differences between adjacent reef/off-reef habitats were present throughout the summer and fall sampling season and across 2 sampling years, but the acoustic signal strength differed between reef sites. Passive sound propagation surveys found that the distinct acoustic characteristics of oyster reefs within the 2-23 kHz frequency band were highly localized, with effective source levels of 108.8 to 120.0 dB re 1 µPa @ 1 m and transmission loss approximating a cylindrical geometric spreading model. This soundscape characterization study suggests that spatial heterogeneity in ambient sound could serve as a reliable indicator of habitat type and potentially convey habitat quality information to dispersing organisms. KEY WORDS: Passive acoustics · Soundscape ecology · Habitat-associated sound · Acoustic diversity · Pamlico Sound · Subtidal oyster reef Full text in pdf format Information about this Feature Article NextCite this article as: Lillis A, Eggleston DB, Bohnenstiehl DR (2014) Estuarine soundscapes: distinct acoustic characteristics of oyster reefs compared to soft-bottom habitats. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 505:1-17. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10805 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 505. Online publication date: May 28, 2014 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2014 Inter-Research. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.3354/meps10805 VL - 505 SP - 1-17 SN - 1616-1599 KW - Passive acoustics KW - Soundscape ecology KW - Habitat-associated sound KW - Acoustic diversity KW - Pamlico Sound KW - Subtidal oyster reef ER - TY - JOUR TI - Colored Dissolved Organic Matter Dynamics in the Northern Gulf of Mexico from Ocean Color and Numerical Model Results AU - Chaichitehrani, Nazanin AU - D'Sa, Eurico J. AU - Ko, Dong S. AU - Walker, Nan D. AU - Osburn, Christopher L. AU - Chen, Robert F. T2 - Journal of Coastal Research AB - Chaichitehrani, N.; D'Sa, E.J.; Ko, D.S.; Walker, N.D.; Osburn, C.L., and Chen, R.F., 2014. Colored dissolved organic matter dynamics in the Northern Gulf of Mexico from ocean color and numerical model results. Colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) absorption and salinity relationships were assessed and used in conjunction with the salinity and current outputs of a numerical model (Navy Coastal Ocean Model [NCOM]) to study CDOM dynamics in the northern Gulf of Mexico. In situ CDOM absorption and salinity obtained from multiple field campaigns were inversely correlated seasonally (winter–spring and summer) and latitudinally (inner- and outer-shelf zones), suggesting conservative behavior of CDOM distribution. A weaker correlation, during summer in the outer-shelf zone, however, indicated stronger effects of photooxidation and lower masking effects from riverine CDOM. Applying these relationships to simulated salinity resulted in hourly maps of CDOM that revealed similarities to CDOM patterns derived from SeaWiFS satellite imagery. Further, matchup comparisons between model-derived and in situ CDOM absorption were statistically sound for the summer (bias = −0.016, root mean square error = 0.059, r2 = 0.51 SI = 0.28) and the winter–spring periods (bias = 0.033, root mean square error = 0.099, r2 = 0.52, SI = 0.21). Overlaying the model-derived CDOM maps on the simulated currents revealed the strong influence of currents on CDOM advection. Downcoast currents during the nonsummer months led to persistent advection of CDOM westward interrupted by frequent cold front events that flush CDOM-laden waters out of the coastal bays onto the inner and outer continental shelves. In contrast, the upcoast current regime, though less well organized, produces a more significant seaward advection of CDOM, likely due to the Ekman transport and subsequent entrainment by mesoscale eddies over the continental slope. DA - 2014/7// PY - 2014/7// DO - 10.2112/jcoastres-d-13-00036.1 VL - 296 IS - 4 SP - 800-814 J2 - Journal of Coastal Research LA - en OP - SN - 0749-0208 1551-5036 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-13-00036.1 DB - Crossref KW - CDOM KW - salinity KW - Sea WiFS KW - NCOM model ER - TY - JOUR TI - Active simultaneous uplift and margin-normal extension in a forearc high, Crete, Greece AU - Gallen, S. F. AU - Wegmann, K. W. AU - Bohnenstiehl, D. R. AU - Pazzaglia, F. J. AU - Brandon, M. T. AU - Fassoulas, C. T2 - EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS AB - The island of Crete occupies a forearc high in the central Hellenic subduction zone and is characterized by sustained exhumation, surface uplift and extension. The processes governing orogenesis and topographic development here remain poorly understood. Dramatic topographic relief (2–6km) astride the southern coastline of Crete is associated with large margin-parallel faults responsible for deep bathymetric depressions known as the Hellenic troughs. These structures have been interpreted as both active and inactive with either contractional, strike-slip, or extensional movement histories. Distinguishing between these different structural styles and kinematic histories here allows us to explore more general models for improving our global understanding of the tectonic and geodynamic processes of syn-convergent extension. We present new observations from the south–central coastline of Crete that clarifies the role of these faults in the late Cenozoic evolution of the central Hellenic margin and the processes controlling Quaternary surface uplift. Pleistocene marine terraces are used in conjunction with optically stimulated luminesce dating and correlation to the Quaternary eustatic curve to document coastal uplift and identify active faults. Two south-dipping normal faults are observed, which extend offshore, offset these marine terrace deposits and indicate active N–S (margin-normal) extension. Further, marine terraces preserved in the footwall and hanging wall of both faults demonstrate that regional net uplift of Crete is occurring despite active extension. Field mapping and geometric reconstructions of an active onshore normal fault reveal that the subaqueous range-front fault of south–central Crete is synthetic to the south-dipping normal faults on shore. These findings are inconsistent with models of active horizontal shortening in the upper crust of the Hellenic forearc. Rather, they are consistent with topographic growth of the forearc in a viscous orogenic wedge, where crustal thickening and uplift are a result of basal underplating of material that is accompanied by extension in the upper portions of the wedge. Within this framework a new conceptual model is presented for the late Cenozoic vertical tectonics of the Hellenic forearc. DA - 2014/7/15/ PY - 2014/7/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.epsl.2014.04.038 VL - 398 SP - 11-24 SN - 1385-013X KW - tectonic geomorphology KW - marine terrace KW - normal fault KW - uplift KW - underplating ER - TY - JOUR TI - Using in situ ultraviolet-visual spectroscopy to measure nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus, and suspended solids concentrations at a high frequency in a brackish tidal marsh AU - Etheridge, J. Randall AU - Birgand, François AU - Osborne, Jason A. AU - Osburn, Christopher L. AU - Burchell, Michael R. AU - Irving, Justin T2 - Limnol. Oceanogr. Methods AB - The collection of high frequency water quality data are key to making the next leap in hydrological and biogeochemical sciences. Commercially available in situ ultraviolet‐visual (UV‐Vis) spectrometers make possible the long‐term collection of absorption spectra multiple times per hour. This technology has proven useful for measuring nitrate, dissolved organic carbon, and total suspended solids in many environments, but has not been tested in tidal marsh conditions where upstream freshwater mixes with estuarine waters, resulting in rapid changes in concentrations and salinity. These three parameters encompass only a portion of the nutrients that are of interest in these systems. To test the potential of spectroscopy to measure these and other nutrient concentrations, spectrometers were installed in a constructed brackish tidal marsh and absorbance spectra were compared to lab analyses for coinciding discrete samples. Variable selection techniques, including partial least squares regression, lasso regression, and stepwise regression, were used to develop models with which nitrate, total kjeldahl nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon, phosphate, total phosphorus, total suspended solids, and salinity in brackish marsh waters can be predicted from UV‐Vis spectrometer measurements. Significant relationships between the absorption spectra and the laboratory measured concentrations were observed for all of the parameters. Phosphate and total phosphorus were the only nutrients which had R2 values less than 0.86 for their best calibrations. This study shows the potential to collect multiple water quality parameters at a high frequency in brackish waters using in situ spectrometers and gives the tools to replicate this analysis in all environments. DA - 2014/1// PY - 2014/1// DO - 10.4319/lom.2014.12.10 VL - 12 IS - 1 SP - 10-22 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Improving Groundwater Predictions Utilizing Seasonal Precipitation Forecasts from General Circulation Models Forced with Sea Surface Temperature Forecasts AU - Almanaseer, Naser AU - Sankarasubramanian, A. AU - Bales, Jerad T2 - JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING AB - Recent studies have found a significant association between climatic variability and basin hydroclimatology, particularly groundwater levels, over the southeast United States. The research reported in this paper evaluates the potential in developing 6-month-ahead groundwater-level forecasts based on the precipitation forecasts from ECHAM 4.5 General Circulation Model Forced with Sea Surface Temperature forecasts. Ten groundwater wells and nine streamgauges from the USGS Groundwater Climate Response Network and Hydro-Climatic Data Network were selected to represent groundwater and surface water flows, respectively, having minimal anthropogenic influences within the Flint River Basin in Georgia, United States. The writers employ two low-dimensional models [principle component regression (PCR) and canonical correlation analysis (CCA)] for predicting groundwater and streamflow at both seasonal and monthly timescales. Three modeling schemes are considered at the beginning of January to predict winter (January, February, and March) and spring (April, May, and June) streamflow and groundwater for the selected sites within the Flint River Basin. The first scheme (model 1) is a null model and is developed using PCR for every streamflow and groundwater site using previous 3-month observations (October, November, and December) available at that particular site as predictors. Modeling schemes 2 and 3 are developed using PCR and CCA, respectively, to evaluate the role of precipitation forecasts in improving monthly and seasonal groundwater predictions. Modeling scheme 3, which employs a CCA approach, is developed for each site by considering observed groundwater levels from nearby sites as predictands. The performance of these three schemes is evaluated using two metrics (correlation coefficient and relative RMS error) by developing groundwater-level forecasts based on leave-five-out cross-validation. Results from the research reported in this paper show that using precipitation forecasts in climate models improves the ability to predict the interannual variability of winter and spring streamflow and groundwater levels over the basin. However, significant conditional bias exists in all the three modeling schemes, which indicates the need to consider improved modeling schemes as well as the availability of longer time-series of observed hydroclimatic information over the basin. DA - 2014/1/1/ PY - 2014/1/1/ DO - 10.1061/(asce)he.1943-5584.0000776 VL - 19 IS - 1 SP - 87-98 SN - 1943-5584 KW - Groundwater management KW - Water levels KW - Climates KW - Stochastic models KW - Predictions KW - Groundwater KW - Forecasts KW - Hydroclimatology KW - Climate ER - TY - JOUR TI - A Hierarchical Model for Serially-Dependent Extremes: A Study of Heat Waves in the Western US AU - Reich, Brian J. AU - Shaby, Benjamin A. AU - Cooley, Daniel T2 - JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS DA - 2014/3// PY - 2014/3// DO - 10.1007/s13253-013-0161-y VL - 19 IS - 1 SP - 119-135 SN - 1537-2693 KW - Bayesian modeling KW - Climate change KW - Generalized Pareto distribution KW - Markov model ER - TY - JOUR TI - Visualizations of coastal terrain time series AU - Tateosian, Laura AU - Mitasova, Helena AU - Thakur, Sidharth AU - Hardin, Eric AU - Russ, Emily AU - Blundell, Bruce T2 - INFORMATION VISUALIZATION AB - In coastal regions, water, wind, gravitation, vegetation, and human activity continuously alter landscape surfaces. Visualizations are important for understanding coastal landscape evolution and its driving processes. Visualizing change in highly dynamic coastal terrain poses a formidable challenge; the combination of natural and anthropogenic forces leads to cycles of retreat and recovery and complex morphology of landforms. In recent years, repeated high-resolution laser terrain scans have generated a time series of point cloud data that represent landscapes at snapshots in time, including the impacts of major storms. In this article, we build on existing approaches for visualizing spatial–temporal data to create a collection of perceptual visualizations to support coastal terrain evolution analysis. We extract terrain features and track their migration; we derive temporal summary maps and heat graphs that quantify the pattern of elevation change and sediment redistribution and use the space–time cube concept to create visualizations of terrain evolution. The space–time cube approach allows us to represent shoreline evolution as an isosurface extracted from a voxel model created by stacking time series of digital elevation models. We illustrate our approach on a series of Light Detection and Ranging surveys of sandy North Carolina barrier islands. Our results reveal terrain changes of shoreline and dune ridge migration, dune breaches and overwash, the formation of new dune ridges, and the construction and destruction of homes, changes which are due to erosion and accretion, hurricanes, and human activities. These events are all visualized within their geographic and temporal contexts. DA - 2014/7// PY - 2014/7// DO - 10.1177/1473871613487086 VL - 13 IS - 3 SP - 266-282 SN - 1473-8724 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84906534191&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Visualization of time series KW - temporal visualization KW - geovisualization KW - visual perception KW - visual exploration KW - visualize changes KW - geospatial data KW - three-dimensional visualization KW - spatial data KW - visual exploration KW - space-time cube KW - geographic information systems KW - LiDAR KW - time series KW - terrain elevation KW - land surfaces KW - GIS GRASS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Vegetation and topographic influences on the connectivity of shallow groundwater between hillslopes and streams AU - Emanuel, Ryan E. AU - Hazen, Anna G. AU - McGlynn, Brian L. AU - Jencso, Kelsey G. T2 - ECOHYDROLOGY AB - ABSTRACT Little is known about the combined effects of vegetation and topography on hillslope water table dynamics. In forested headwater catchments, complex terrain and vegetation intersect to impose large spatial and temporal variability in the vertical and lateral redistribution of water from hillslopes to streams. Here, we demonstrate, using empirical data from the Northern Rocky Mountains, that vegetation interacts with landscape topography to influence hillslope–riparian–stream hydrologic connectivity. We compared a measured relationship between hillslope contributing area and hydrologic connectivity during the growing season to LiDAR‐derived vegetation characteristics and found that two behavioural regimes emerged. Among some hillslopes, hydrologic connectivity decreased as vegetation density increased, demonstrating that growing season hydrologic connectivity is subject to the balance between evapotranspiration and lateral redistribution of soil water. Among other hillslopes, hydrologic connectivity increased as vegetation density increased. For the latter set of hillslopes, hydrologic connectivity cannot be explained by topography and vegetation alone. When we compared joint distributions of vegetation density and modelled solar irradiance between the two regimes as another indicator of evapotranspiration, we found that conditions were generally more favourable for higher transpiration on hillslopes where hydrologic connectivity decreased as vegetation density increased than on hillslopes where the opposite behaviour was observed. Our results demonstrate not only the importance of vegetation heterogeneity for hillslope–riparian–stream connectivity but also the importance of other spatially distributed variables such as energy availability when considering the influence of topography on hydrological processes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. DA - 2014/4// PY - 2014/4// DO - 10.1002/eco.1409 VL - 7 IS - 2 SP - 887-895 SN - 1936-0592 UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000334671600056&KeyUID=WOS:000334671600056 KW - hillslope KW - hydrology KW - vegetation KW - topography KW - connectivity KW - insolation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Systematic uncertainty reduction strategies for developing streamflow forecasts utilizing multiple climate models and hydrologic models AU - Singh, Harminder AU - Sankarasubramanian, A. T2 - WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH AB - Recent studies show that multimodel combinations improve hydroclimatic predictions by reducing model uncertainty. Given that climate forecasts are available from multiple climate models, which could be ingested with multiple watershed models, what is the best strategy to reduce the uncertainty in streamflow forecasts? To address this question, we consider three possible strategies: (1) reduce the input uncertainty first by combining climate models and then use the multimodel climate forecasts with multiple watershed models (MM-P), (2) ingest the individual climate forecasts (without multimodel combination) with various watershed models and then combine the streamflow predictions that arise from all possible combinations of climate and watershed models (MM-Q), (3) combine the streamflow forecasts obtained from multiple watershed models based on strategy (1) to develop a single streamflow prediction that reduces uncertainty in both climate forecasts and watershed models (MM-PQ). For this purpose, we consider synthetic schemes that generate streamflow and climate forecasts, for comparing the performance of three strategies with the true streamflow generated by a given hydrologic model. Results from the synthetic study show that reducing input uncertainty first (MM-P) by combining climate forecasts results in reduced error in predicting the true streamflow compared to the error of multimodel streamflow forecasts obtained by combining streamflow forecasts from all-possible combination of individual climate model with various hydrologic models (MM-Q). Since the true hydrologic model structure is unknown, it is desirable to consider MM-PQ as an alternate choice that reduces both input uncertainty and hydrologic model uncertainty. Application on two watersheds in NC also indicates that reducing the input uncertainty first is critical before reducing the hydrologic model uncertainty. DA - 2014/2// PY - 2014/2// DO - 10.1002/2013wr013855 VL - 50 IS - 2 SP - 1288-1307 SN - 1944-7973 KW - Model Uncertainty KW - Model Combination KW - Streamflow Forecasts KW - Climate Forecasts ER - TY - JOUR TI - Runoff-mediated seasonal oscillation in the dynamics of dissolved organic matter in different branches of a large bifurcated estuary-The Changjiang Estuary AU - Guo, Weidong AU - Yang, Liyang AU - Zhai, Weidong AU - Chen, Wenzhao AU - Osburn, Christopher L. AU - Huang, Xiao AU - Li, Yan T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences AB - Abstract The Changjiang Estuary is a large bifurcated estuary where different hydrodynamic processes influence its South Branch compared to its North Branch. The South Branch is the dominant pathway of Changjiang River discharge, while the shallower and narrower North Branch is dominated by salt water intrusion, especially in the dry season. Absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy were measured along with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations to characterize the properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) collected in different seasons during an extreme drought year in 2011. The refractory DOM from the Changjiang River flowed mainly through the South Branch, whereas in the lower South Branch, the input from the polluted Huangpu River contributed a large amount of biolabile DOM, demonstrating an anthropogenic perturbation from megacities. The DOM properties in the North Branch showed conservative behavior in the wet season, while noticeable addition was observed in the dry season, accompanied by the reversed flux of DOM from the North Branch to the South Branch, emphasizing the regular seasonal oscillation of the DOM dynamics in this monsoon‐controlled bifurcated estuary. The estuarine turbidity maximum zones played distinct roles on DOM dynamics in different estuarine environments. The DOC and chromophoric DOM (CDOM) abundance in the Changjiang River and other Chinese rivers were at lower levels compared to other world rivers, showing a characteristic of the regional CDOM‐poor features for many East Asia rivers. DA - 2014/5// PY - 2014/5// DO - 10.1002/2013jg002540 VL - 119 IS - 5 SP - 776-793 J2 - J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci. LA - en OP - SN - 2169-8953 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013JG002540 DB - Crossref KW - Changjiang Estuary KW - dissolved organic matter KW - fluorescence KW - bifurcated estuary KW - estuarine turbidity maximum KW - flux ER - TY - JOUR TI - Go with the flow: geospatial analytics to quantify hydrologic landscape connectivity for passively dispersed microorganisms AU - Hohl, Alexander AU - Vaclavik, Tomas AU - Meentemeyer, Ross K. T2 - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SCIENCE AB - Understanding the diverse ways that landscape connectivity influences the distribution of microbial species is central to managing the spread and persistence of numerous biological invasions. Here, we use geospatial analytics to examine the degree to which the hydrologic connectivity of landscapes influences the transport of passively dispersed microbes, using the invasive plant pathogen Phytophthora ramorum as a case study. Pathogen occurrence was analyzed at 280 stream baiting stations across a range of watersheds – exposed to variable inoculum pressure – in California over a 7-year period (2004–2010). Using logistic regression, we modeled the probability of pathogen occurrence at a baiting station based on nine environmental variables. We developed a novel geospatial approach to quantify the hydrologic connectivity of host vegetation and inoculum pressure derived from least cost distance analyses in each watershed. We also examined the influence of local environmental conditions within the immediate neighborhood of a baiting station. Over the course of the sampling period, the pathogen was detected at 67 baiting stations associated with coastal watersheds with mild climate conditions, steep slopes, and higher levels of inoculum pressure. At the watershed scale, hydrologic landscape connectivity was a key predictor of pathogen occurrence in streams after accounting for variation in climate and exposure to inoculum. This study illustrates a geospatial approach to modeling the degree to which hydrologic systems play a role in shaping landscape structures conducive for the transport of passively dispersed microbes in heterogeneous watersheds. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1080/13658816.2013.854900 VL - 28 IS - 8 SP - 1626-1641 SN - 1362-3087 KW - cost distance KW - disease KW - epidemiology KW - functional connectivity KW - hydrology KW - invasion ER - TY - JOUR TI - Field efficacy of a mixture of atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus Link: Fr vegetative compatibility groups in preventing aflatoxin contamination in maize (Zea mays L.) AU - Atehnkeng, J. AU - Ojiambo, P. S. AU - Cotty, P. J. AU - Bandyopadhyay, R. T2 - BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AB - Competitive exclusion of aflatoxin producers by endemic atoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus is a proven tool for aflatoxin management being adapted for use in Africa. Field efficacy of an experimental formulation consisting of four native atoxigenic strains (La3303, La3304, La3279 and Ka16127) was evaluated on maize in 2007 and 2008 in four agroecological zones in Nigeria. The four atoxigenic strains were individually formulated on sterile sorghum grain and subsequently mixed in equal proportions. The blended product was applied on soil (40 kg/ha), 2–3 weeks before flowering. Grains from treated and untreated fields were analyzed for aflatoxins at harvest and after storage. Proportions of the A. flavus population composed of each of the four applied strains in soil before treatment and in harvested grains were determined using vegetative compatibility analyses. Application of the strain mixture resulted in reduced aflatoxin content and significantly (P < 0.05) increased the combined frequencies of the vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) of the applied strains recovered from the soil and grain. Aflatoxin reductions of 67–95% were associated with a 74–80% combined incidence of the VCGs of the four atoxigenic strains on the treated crops. The applied atoxigenic strains remained with the crop into storage and reduced postharvest increases in contamination. The results suggest that the evaluated multi-strain formulated product has potential to contribute to reduced aflatoxin contamination in Nigeria. This is the first report of a field evaluation of an endemic strain mixture effective at reducing aflatoxin contamination during crop development. DA - 2014/5// PY - 2014/5// DO - 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2014.02.009 VL - 72 SP - 62-70 SN - 1090-2112 KW - Native strains KW - Aspergillus section Flavi KW - Aspergillus parasiticus KW - Aspergillus tamarii KW - Nigeria ER - TY - JOUR TI - A simple framework to estimate distributed soil temperature from discrete air temperature measurements in data-scarce regions AU - Liang, L. L. AU - Riveros-Iregui, D. A. AU - Emanuel, R. E. AU - McGlynn, B. L. T2 - JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES AB - Abstract Soil temperature is a key control on belowground chemical and biological processes. Typically, models of soil temperature are developed and validated for large geographic regions. However, modeling frameworks intended for higher spatial resolutions (much finer than 1 km 2 ) are lacking across areas of complex topography. Here we propose a simple modeling framework for predicting distributed soil temperature at high temporal (i.e., 1 h steps) and spatial (i.e., 5 × 5 m) resolutions in mountainous terrain, based on a few discrete air temperature measurements. In this context, two steps were necessary to estimate the soil temperature. First, we applied the potential temperature equation to generate the air temperature distribution from a 5 m digital elevation model and Inverse Distance Weighting interpolation. Second, we applied a hybrid model to estimate the distribution of soil temperature based on the generated air temperature surfaces. Our results show that this approach simulated the spatial distribution of soil temperature well, with a root‐mean‐square error ranging from ~2.1 to 2.9°C. Furthermore, our approach predicted the daily and monthly variability of soil temperature well. The proposed framework can be applied to estimate the spatial variability of soil temperature in mountainous regions where direct observations are scarce. DA - 2014/1/27/ PY - 2014/1/27/ DO - 10.1002/2013jd020597 VL - 119 IS - 2 SP - 407-417 SN - 2169-8996 UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000332995300003&KeyUID=WOS:000332995300003 KW - soil temperature KW - air temperature KW - Tenderfoot Creek KW - model KW - mountain area KW - data-scarce regions ER - TY - JOUR TI - Spatial health effects analysis with uncertain residential locations AU - Reich, Brian J. AU - Chang, Howard H. AU - Strickland, Matthew J. T2 - STATISTICAL METHODS IN MEDICAL RESEARCH AB - Spatial epidemiology has benefited greatly from advances in geographic information system technology, which permits extensive study of associations between various health responses and a wide array of socio-economic and environmental factors. However, many spatial epidemiological datasets have missing values for a substantial proportion of spatial variables, such as the census tract of residence of study participants. The standard approach is to discard these observations and analyze only complete observations. In this article, we propose a new hierarchical Bayesian spatial model to handle missing observation locations. Our model utilizes all available information to learn about the missing locations and propagates uncertainty about the missing locations throughout the model. We show via a simulation study that this method can lead to more efficient epidemiological analysis. The method is applied to a study of the relationship between fine particulate matter and birth outcomes is southeast Georgia, where we find smaller posterior variance for most parameters using our missing data model compared to the standard complete case model. DA - 2014/4// PY - 2014/4// DO - 10.1177/0962280212447151 VL - 23 IS - 2 SP - 156-168 SN - 1477-0334 KW - Bayesian hierarchical model KW - conditionally autoregressive prior KW - data imputation KW - geographic information system KW - missing data ER - TY - JOUR TI - Improving mass-wasting inventories by incorporating debris flow topographic signatures AU - Lyons, N.J. AU - Mitasova, Helena AU - Wegmann, K.W. T2 - Landslides DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1007/s10346-013-0398-0 VL - 11 IS - 3 SP - 385-397 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84902003440&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Global Sea Surface Temperature Forecasts Using an Improved Multimodel Approach AU - Zaved, Mohammad AU - Khan, Kaiser AU - Mehrotra, Rajeshwar AU - Sharma, Ashish AU - Sankarasubramanian, A. T2 - JOURNAL OF CLIMATE AB - Abstract With the availability of hindcasts or real-time forecasts from a number of coupled climate models, multimodel ensemble forecasting systems have gained popularity in recent years. However, many models share similar physics or modeling processes, which may lead to similar (or strongly correlated) forecasts. Assigning equal weights to each model in space and time may result in a biased forecast with narrower confidence limits than is appropriate. Although methods for combining forecasts that take into consideration differences in model accuracy over space and time exist, they suffer from a lack of consideration of the intermodel dependence that may exist. This study proposes an approach that considers the dependence among models while combining multimodel ensemble forecast. The approach is evaluated by combining sea surface temperature (SST) forecasts from five climate models for the period 1960–2005. The variable of interest, the monthly global sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) at a 5° × 5° latitude–longitude grid, is predicted three months in advance using the proposed algorithm. Results indicate that the proposed approach offers consistent and significant improvements for all the seasons over the majority of grid points compared to the case in which the dependence among the models is ignored. Consequently, the proposed approach of combining multiple models, taking into account the interdependence that exists, provides an attractive strategy to develop improved SST forecasts. DA - 2014/5// PY - 2014/5// DO - 10.1175/jcli-d-13-00486.1 VL - 27 IS - 10 SP - 3505-3515 SN - 1520-0442 KW - Statistical techniques KW - Seasonal forecasting KW - Statistical forecasting ER - TY - JOUR TI - Estimation and Prediction in Spatial Models With Block Composite Likelihoods AU - Eidsvik, Jo AU - Shaby, Benjamin A. AU - Reich, Brian J. AU - Wheeler, Matthew AU - Niemi, Jarad T2 - JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND GRAPHICAL STATISTICS AB - AbstractThis article develops a block composite likelihood for estimation and prediction in large spatial datasets. The composite likelihood (CL) is constructed from the joint densities of pairs of adjacent spatial blocks. This allows large datasets to be split into many smaller datasets, each of which can be evaluated separately, and combined through a simple summation. Estimates for unknown parameters are obtained by maximizing the block CL function. In addition, a new method for optimal spatial prediction under the block CL is presented. Asymptotic variances for both parameter estimates and predictions are computed using Godambe sandwich matrices. The approach considerably improves computational efficiency, and the composite structure obviates the need to load entire datasets into memory at once, completely avoiding memory limitations imposed by massive datasets. Moreover, computing time can be reduced even further by distributing the operations using parallel computing. A simulation study shows that CL estimates and predictions, as well as their corresponding asymptotic confidence intervals, are competitive with those based on the full likelihood. The procedure is demonstrated on one dataset from the mining industry and one dataset of satellite retrievals. The real-data examples show that the block composite results tend to outperform two competitors; the predictive process model and fixed-rank kriging. Supplementary materials for this article is available online on the journal web site.Key Words: Gaussian processGPULarge datasetsParallel computingSpatial statistics SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALSAppendix: Score function and Hessian.Datasets, CPU, and GPU examples of code.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSWe thank the Statistical and Applied Mathematical Sciences Institute (SAMSI) for support during the program on space–time analysis (2009–2010). We also thank NVIDIA for supporting us with graphics cards. Rana Gruber provided the joints data, while Noel Cressie and Gardar Johannesson made the TCO data acquired by NASA available to us. Brian Reich was supported by National Science Foundation grant number 1107046. DA - 2014/6// PY - 2014/6// DO - 10.1080/10618600.2012.760460 VL - 23 IS - 2 SP - 295-315 SN - 1537-2715 KW - Gaussian process KW - GPU KW - Large datasets KW - Parallel computing KW - Spatial statistics ER - TY - JOUR TI - Perspectives of spatial scale in a wildland forest epidemic AU - Dillon, Whalen W. AU - Haas, Sarah E. AU - Rizzo, David M. AU - Meentemeyer, Ross K. T2 - EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY DA - 2014/3// PY - 2014/3// DO - 10.1007/s10658-013-0376-3 VL - 138 IS - 3 SP - 449-465 SN - 1573-8469 KW - Host density KW - Landscape epidemiology KW - Multilevel KW - Multiscale KW - Phytophthora ramorum KW - Sudden oak death ER - TY - JOUR TI - Basal Area and Biomass Estimates of Loblolly Pine Stands Using L-band UAVSAR AU - Marks, William L. AU - Iiames, John S. AU - Lunetta, Ross S. AU - Khorram, Siamak AU - Mace, Thomas H. T2 - PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING AB - Fully polarimetric L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar ( SAR ) backscatter was collected using NASA ’s Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ( UAV ) SAR and regressed with in situ measurements of basal area ( BA ) and above ground biomass ( AGB ) of mature loblolly pine stands in North Carolina. Results found HH polarization consistently displayed the lowest correlations where HV and VV exhibited the highest correlations in all groups for both BA and AGB . When plantation stands were analyzed separately (plantation versus natural), correlation improved signifi cantly for both BA (R 2 = 0.65, HV ) and AGB (R 2 = 0.66, VV ). Similarly, results improved when natural stands were analyzed separately resulting in the highest correlation for AGB (R 2 = 0.63, HV and VV ). Data decomposition using the Freeman 3-component model indicated that the relative low correlations were due to the saturation of the L-band backscatter across the majority of the study area. DA - 2014/1// PY - 2014/1// DO - 10.14358/pers.80.1.33 VL - 80 IS - 1 SP - 33-42 SN - 2374-8079 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Acoustic response of submarine volcanoes in the Tofua Arc and northern Lau Basin to two great earthquakes AU - Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne R. AU - Dziak, Robert P. AU - Matsumoto, Haru AU - Conder, James A. T2 - GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL AB - Using a short-baseline hydrophone array, persistent volcanoacoustic sources are identified within the ambient noise field of the Lau Basin during the period between 2009 January and 2010 April. The submarine volcano West Mata and adjacent volcanic terrains, including the northern Matas and Volcano O, are the most active acoustic sources during the 15-month period of observation. Other areas of long-term activity include the Niua hydrothermal field, the volcanic islands of Hunga Ha'apai, Founalei, Niuatoputapu and Niuafo'ou, two seamounts located along the southern Tofua Arc and at least three unknown sites within the northern Lau Basin. Following the great Samoan earthquake on 2009 September 29, seven of the volcanoacoustic sources identified exhibit increases in the rate of acoustic detection. These changes persist over timescales of days-to-months and are observed up to 900 km from the earthquake hypocentre. At least one of the volcanoacoustic sources that did not respond to the 2009 Samoan earthquake exhibits an increase in detection rate following the great Mw 8.8 Chile earthquake that occurred at a distance of ∼9500 km on 2010 February 27. These observations suggest that great earthquakes may have undocumented impacts on Earth's vast submarine volcanic systems, potentially increasing the short-term flux of magma and volcanic gas into the overlying ocean. DA - 2014/3// PY - 2014/3// DO - 10.1093/gji/ggt472 VL - 196 IS - 3 SP - 1657-1675 SN - 1365-246X KW - Volcano seismology KW - Volcanic arc processes KW - Backarc basin processes KW - Subaqueous volcanism ER - TY - JOUR TI - Changes in the cell wall and cellulose content of developing cotton fibers investigated by FTIR spectroscopy AU - Abidi, Noureddine AU - Cabrales, Luis AU - Haigler, Candace H. T2 - CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS AB - Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of cotton fibers harvested at different stages of development were acquired using Universal Attenuated Total Reflectance FTIR (UATR-FTIR). The main goal of the study was to monitor cell wall changes occurring during different phases of cotton fiber development. Two cultivars of Gossypium hirsutum L. were planted in a greenhouse (Texas Marker-1 and TX55). On the day of flowering, individual flowers were tagged and bolls were harvested. From fibers harvested on numerous days between 10 and 56 dpa, the FTIR spectra were acquired using UATR (ZnSe-Diamond crystal) with no special sample preparation. The changes in the FTIR spectra were used to document the timing of the transition between primary and secondary cell wall synthesis. Changes in cellulose during cotton fiber growth and development were identified through changes in numerous vibrations within the spectra. The intensity of the vibration bands at 667 and 897 cm(-1) correlated with percentage of cellulose analyzed chemically. DA - 2014/1/16/ PY - 2014/1/16/ DO - 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.01.074 VL - 100 SP - 9-16 SN - 1879-1344 KW - Cellulose KW - FTIR KW - Cotton KW - Fiber development KW - Maturity KW - Cell wall ER - TY - JOUR TI - Addressing structural and observational uncertainty in resource management AU - Fackler, Paul AU - Pacifici, Krishna T2 - JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AB - Most natural resource management and conservation problems are plagued with high levels of uncertainties, which make good decision making difficult. Although some kinds of uncertainties are easily incorporated into decision making, two types of uncertainty present more formidable difficulties. The first, structural uncertainty, represents our imperfect knowledge about how a managed system behaves. The second, observational uncertainty, arises because the state of the system must be inferred from imperfect monitoring systems. The former type of uncertainty has been addressed in ecology using Adaptive Management (AM) and the latter using the Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDP) framework. Here we present a unifying framework that extends standard POMDPs and encompasses both standard POMDPs and AM. The approach allows any system variable to be observed or not observed and uses any relevant observed variable to update beliefs about unknown variables and parameters. This extends standard AM, which only uses realizations of the state variable to update beliefs and extends standard POMDP by allowing more general stochastic dependence among the observable variables and the state variables. This framework enables both structural and observational uncertainty to be simultaneously modeled. We illustrate the features of the extended POMDP framework with an example. DA - 2014/1/15/ PY - 2014/1/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.11.004 VL - 133 SP - 27-36 SN - 1095-8630 KW - Adaptive management KW - Natural resources KW - Partial observability KW - Partially observable Markov decision process KW - Structural uncertainty ER -