TY - CHAP TI - Fragmentation of a natural area: Dynamics of isolation for small mammals on forest remnants AU - Mills, L. S. T2 - National parks and protected areas : their role in environmental protection PY - 1996/// SP - 199-219 PB - Cambridge, Mass. : Blackwell Science SN - 9780865424968 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The one-migrant-per-generation rule in conservation and management AU - Mills, LS AU - Allendorf, FW T2 - CONSERVATION BIOLOGY AB - In the face of continuing habitat fragmentation and isolation, the optimal level of connectivity between populations has become a central issue in conservation biology. A common rule of thumb holds that one migrant per generation into a subpopulation is sufficient to minimize the loss of polymorphism and heterozygosity within subpopulations while allowing for divergence in allele frequencies among subpopulations. The one‐migrant‐per‐generation rule is based on numerous simplifying assumptions that may not hold in natural populations. We examine the conceptual and theoretical basis of the rule and consider both genetic and nongenetic factors that influence the desired level of connectivity among subpopulations. We conclude that one migrant per generation is a desirable minimum, but it may be inadequate for many natural populations. We suggest that a minimum of 1 and a maximum of 10 migrants per generation would be an appropriate general rule of thumb for genetic purposes, bearing in mind that factors other than genetics may further influence the ideal level of connectivity. DA - 1996/12// PY - 1996/12// DO - 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1996.10061509.x VL - 10 IS - 6 SP - 1509-1518 SN - 1523-1739 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Study and management of an isolated, rare population: The Fresno kangaroo rat AU - Morrison, M. L. AU - Mills, L. S. AU - Kuenzi, A. J. T2 - Wildlife Society Bulletin DA - 1996/// PY - 1996/// VL - 24 IS - 4 SP - 602-606 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Factors leading to different viability predictions for a grizzly bear data set AU - Mills, LS AU - Hayes, SG AU - Baldwin, C AU - Wisdom, MJ AU - Citta, J AU - Mattson, DJ AU - Murphy, K T2 - CONSERVATION BIOLOGY AB - Population viability analysis programs are being used increasingly in research and management applications, but there has not been a systematic study of the congruence of different program predictions based on a single data set. We performed such an analysis using four population viability analysis computer programs: GAPPS, INMAT, RAMAS/AGE, and VORTEX. The standardized demographic rates used in all programs were generalized from hypothetical increasing and decreasing grizzly bear ( Ursus arctos horribilis ) populations. Idiosyncracies of input format for each program led to minor differences in intrinsic growth rates that translated into striking differences in estimates of extinction rates and expected population size. In contrast, the addition of demographic stochasticity, environmental stochasticity, and inbreeding costs caused only a small divergence in viability predictions. But, the addition of density dependence caused large deviations between the programs despite our best attempts to use the same density‐dependent functions. Population viability programs differ in how density dependence is incorporated, and the necessary functions are difficult to parameterize accurately. Thus, we recommend that unless data clearly suggest a particular density‐dependent model, predictions based on population viability analysis should include at least one scenario without density dependence. Further, we describe output metrics that may differ between programs; development of future software could benefit from standardized input and output formats across different programs. DA - 1996/6// PY - 1996/6// DO - 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1996.10030863.x VL - 10 IS - 3 SP - 863-873 SN - 0888-8892 ER - TY - PCOMM TI - Cheetah extinction: Genetics or extrinsic factors? AU - Mills, LS AB - Conservation BiologyVolume 10, Issue 2 p. 315-315 Cheetah Extinction: Genetics or Extrinsic Factors? L. Scott Mills, L. Scott Mills Wildlife Biology Program, School of Forestry, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, U.S.A., email [email protected]Search for more papers by this author L. Scott Mills, L. Scott Mills Wildlife Biology Program, School of Forestry, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, U.S.A., email [email protected]Search for more papers by this author First published: April 1996 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1996.10020313-2.xCitations: 5AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Citing Literature Volume10, Issue2April 1996Pages 315-315 RelatedInformation DA - 1996/4// PY - 1996/4// DO - 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1996.10020313-2.x SP - 315-315 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Challenges in the quest for keystones AU - Power, ME AU - Tilman, D AU - Estes, JA AU - Menge, BA AU - Bond, WJ AU - Mills, LS AU - Daily, G AU - Castilla, JC AU - Lubchenco, J AU - Paine, RT T2 - BIOSCIENCE AB - Mary E. Power is a professor in the Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720. David Tilman is a professor in the Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108. James A. Estes is a wildlife biologist in the National Biological Service, Institute of Marine Science, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064. Bruce A. Menge is a professor in the Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331. William J. Bond is a professor doctor in the Department of Botany, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700 South Africa. L. Scott Mills is an assistant professor in the Wildlife Biology Program, School of Forestry, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812. Gretchen Daily is Bing Interdisciplinary Research Scientist, Department of Biological Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305. Juan Carlos Castilla is a full professor and marine biology head in Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile. Jane Lubchenco is a distinguished professor in the Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331. Robert T. Paine is a professor in the Department of Zoology, NJ-15, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195. ? 1996 American Institute of Biological Sciences. A keystone species is DA - 1996/9// PY - 1996/9// DO - 10.2307/1312990 VL - 46 IS - 8 SP - 609-620 SN - 0006-3568 ER -