TY - JOUR TI - Group-specific small subunit rRNA hybridization probes to characterize filamentous foaming in activated sludge systems T2 - Abstracts of the General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology DA - 1996/// PY - 1996/// UR - https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/15001863/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Determining the remaining life of a granular activated carbon (GAC) filter for pesticides AU - Knappe, D.R.U. AU - Snoeyink, V.L. AU - Matsui, Y. AU - Prados, M.J. AU - Bourbigot, M.-M. T2 - Water Supply DA - 1996/// PY - 1996/// VL - 14 IS - 2 SP - 1-14 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0029657394&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CONF TI - A Journey in Understanding Mixing and Flocculation AU - Clark, M.M. AU - Ducoste, J.J. T2 - American Water Works Association Virginia Section C2 - 1996/// C3 - Proceedings of the American Water Works Association Virginia Section CY - Williamsburg, Virginia DA - 1996/// PY - 1996/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Hydraulic Modeling for Improved CT Contactor Design AU - Crozes, G. AU - Hagstrom, J.P. AU - Clark, M.M. AU - Ducoste, J.J. AU - Hermanowicz, S.W. AU - Huntamer, J. T2 - American Water Works Association Annual Conference C2 - 1996/// C3 - Proceedings of the American Water Works Association Annual Conference CY - Toronto, Ontario, Canada DA - 1996/// PY - 1996/// ER - TY - RPRT TI - Reduce, reuse, and recycle: A step‐by‐step guide to help hotels and motels manage waste AU - Sherman, R. A3 - NC State Cooperative Extension DA - 1996/// PY - 1996/// M1 - AG‐529 PB - NC State Cooperative Extension SN - AG‐529 ER - TY - RPRT TI - How your business can cut costs by reducing waste AU - Sherman, R. A3 - NC State Cooperative Extension DA - 1996/// PY - 1996/// M1 - AG‐473‐10 PB - NC State Cooperative Extension SN - AG‐473‐10 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of climate on Palaearctic warblers over-wintering in India AU - Katti, Madhusudan AU - Price, Trevor T2 - Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society DA - 1996/// PY - 1996/// VL - 93 IS - 3 SP - 411–427 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Are Warblers less important than Tigers? AU - Katti, Madhusudan T2 - In Danger A2 - Manfredi, Pablo PY - 1996/// SP - 108–109 PB - Ranthambore Foundation ER - TY - CONF TI - Evaluation of Sampling Properties of General Extreme Value (GEV) Distribution-L-Moments Vs Conventional Moments AU - Sankarasubramanian, A. AU - Srinivasan, K. T2 - 24th Annual Water Resource Policy Management (WRPM) Conference C2 - 1996/// C3 - Proceedings of the 24th Annual WRPM conference CY - Anaheim, CA DA - 1996/// PY - 1996/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Flood Frequency Models for Indian Catchments– A Relook AU - Srinivasan, K. AU - Sankarasubramanian, A. T2 - Journal of the Institution of Engineers DA - 1996/// PY - 1996/// VL - 77 SP - 41–46 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bone lead levels and delinquent behavior AU - Hoppin, J. A. T2 - JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association DA - 1996/6/12/ PY - 1996/6/12/ DO - 10.1001/jama.275.22.1727b VL - 275 IS - 22 SP - 1727b-1727 OP - SN - 0098-7484 1538-3598 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.275.22.1727b DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bone lead levels and delinquent behavior. AU - Hoppin, J.A. AU - Ryan, P.B. AU - Hu, H. AU - Aro, A.C. T2 - JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association DA - 1996/// PY - 1996/// VL - 275 IS - 22 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0030580911&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bone lead levels and delinquent behavior [3] T2 - Journal of the American Medical Association AB -

To the Editor.

—Contrary to the results of the study by Dr Needleman and colleagues,1after a 3-decade follow-up study of more than 69 of 110 (63%) of my former patients whose blood lead levels were between 4.83 and 22.68 μmol/L (100 and 470 μg/dL), I have yet to encounter the predicted outcome. Eighty percent of this cohort of inner-city black subjects graduated from high school, a third entered college, and 6 have already obtained 1 or 2 degrees. Three of the college graduates had symptoms of incipient encephalopathy before they received chelation therapy.2 Needleman et al leave several questions unanswered. Has the x-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique been validated on children with known lead poisoning (ie, lead concentrations in blood of 3.86 μmol/L [80 μg/dL] or more)? Their study lacks a proper control population. We have lead in our red blood cells at the time of birth, and DA - 1996/// PY - 1996/// DO - 10.1001/jama.275.22.1725 VL - 275 IS - 22 SP - 1725-1728 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-15844425580&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Group-specific small subunit rRNA hybridization probes to characterize filamentous foaming in activated sludge systems AU - De Los Reyes, F. L. AU - Ritter, W. AU - Raskin, L. AU - Amann, R. I. T2 - Abstracts of the General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology DA - 1996/// PY - 1996/// VL - 96 IS - 0 SP - 391 UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=BCI&KeyUT=BCI:BCI199698816724&KeyUID=BCI:BCI199698816724 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Reduce, reuse, and recycle: A step-by-step guide to help hotels and motels manage waste. (AG-529) AU - Sherman, R. DA - 1996/// PY - 1996/// PB - Raleigh, NC: Cooperative Extension Service ER - TY - BOOK TI - How your business can cut costs by reducing waste AU - Sherman, R. DA - 1996/// PY - 1996/// PB - Raleigh, NC: Cooperative Extension Service ER - TY - CHAP TI - Protection of the Atlantic coastal forests in the Northern Littoral region of the state of Parana: legal and administrative frameworks AU - Cubbage, F. W. AU - Andriguetto-Filho, J. M. AU - Sills, E. O. AU - Motta, M. AU - Muller, M. V. Y. T2 - Contributions of the IUFRO Working Group on Forest Law and Environmental Legislation PY - 1996/// SP - 24-41 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Domestic nature tourism in Brazil's protected areas: can Brazilian tourists save the Brazilian rainforest? AU - Sills, E. AU - Muller, M. V. Y. T2 - SECOLAS Annals Journal of the Southeastern Council on Latin American Studies DA - 1996/// PY - 1996/// VL - 27 SP - 68-80 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The application of quantitative risk assessment to microbial food safety risks AU - Jaykus, LA T2 - CRITICAL REVIEWS IN MICROBIOLOGY AB - Regulatory programs and guidelines for the control of foodborne microbial agents have existed in the U.S. for nearly 100 years. However, increased awareness of the scope and magnitude of foodborne disease, as well as the emergence of previously unrecognized human pathogens transmitted via the foodborne route, have prompted regulatory officials to consider new and improved strategies to reduce the health risks associated with pathogenic microorganisms in foods. Implementation of these proposed strategies will involve definitive costs for a finite level of risk reduction. While regulatory decisions regarding the management of foodborne disease risk have traditionally been done with the aid of the scientific community, a formal conceptual framework for the evaluation of health risks from pathogenic microorganisms in foods is warranted. Quantitative risk assessment (QRA), which is formally defined as the technical assessment of the nature and magnitude of a risk caused by a hazard, provides such a framework. Reproducing microorganisms in foods present a particular challenge to QRA because both their introduction and numbers may be affected by numerous factors within the food chain, with all of these factors representing significant stages in food production, handling, and consumption, in a farm-to-table type of approach. The process of QRA entails four designated phases: (1) hazard identification, (2) exposure assessment, (3) dose-response assessment, and (4) risk characterization. Specific analytical tools are available to accomplish the analyses required for each phase of the QRA. The purpose of this paper is to provide a description of the conceptual framework for quantitative microbial risk assessment within the standard description provided by the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) paradigm. Each of the sequential steps in QRA are discussed in detail, providing information on current applications, tools for conducting the analyses, and methodological and/or data limitations to date. Conclusions include a brief discussion of subsequent uncertainty and risk analysis methodologies, and a commentary on present and future applications of QRA in the management of the public health risks associated with the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in the food supply. DA - 1996/// PY - 1996/// DO - 10.3109/10408419609105483 VL - 22 IS - 4 SP - 279-293 SN - 1040-841X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Anaerobic biotransformation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene with ethanol as primary substrate: Mutual effect of the substrates on their biotransformation AU - Cheng, JY AU - Kanjo, Y AU - Suidan, MT AU - Venosa, AD T2 - WATER RESEARCH AB - The effect of the initial concentration of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) on its biotransformation and on the microbial utilization of ethanol was investigated. The culture used in this study was acclimated in a continuous flow laboratory fermentor with 2,4-DNT and ethanol as substrates under strict anaerobic conditions at 35°C. Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) tests were conducted in an anaerobic respirometer, and the acclimated culture from the fermentor served as the inoculum. 2,4-DNT was completely transformed to 2,4-diaminotoluene (DAT) under anaerobic conditions. Two intermediates, 2-amino-4-nitrotoluene (2-A-4-NT) and 4-amino-2-nitrotoluene (4-A-2-NT), were found during the biotransformation. 2,4-DNT inhibited its own biotransformation as well as the acetogenesis of ethanol. The extent of the inhibition increased with the increase of the initial concentration of 2,4-DNT. Propionate was formed during the fermentation of ethanol without 2,4-DNT or with low initial concentrations of 2,4-DNT. Higher initial concentrations of 2,4-DNT caused a decrease in the extent of formation of propionate with acetate production being favored. DA - 1996/2// PY - 1996/2// DO - 10.1016/0043-1354(95)00169-7 VL - 30 IS - 2 SP - 307-314 SN - 0043-1354 KW - 2,4-dinitrotoluene KW - anaerobic biotransformation KW - ethanol KW - primary substrate KW - methanogenic culture KW - biochemical methane potential KW - propionate KW - inhibition ER - TY - JOUR TI - Abiotic reduction of 2,4-dinitrotoluene in the presence of sulfide minerals under anoxic conditions AU - Cheng, JY AU - Suidan, MT AU - Venosa, AD T2 - WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AB - Abiotic reduction of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) in the presence of sulfide minerals has been investigated under anoxic conditions at 35°C. 2,4-DNT was abiotically reduced to 4-amino-2-nitrotoluene (4-A-2-NT) and 2-amino-4-nitrotoluene (2-A-4-NT) in the presence of high concentration of sulfide (0.84 mM). No abiotic reduction of 2,4-DNT was observed in the presence of low sulfide concentration (0.42 mM). The rate and the extent of the abiotic reduction of 2,4-DNT were increased with an increase in sulfide concentration. Sulfide served as an electron donor for the reduction of 2,4-DNT. The 2-nitro group was preferentially reduced, making the 2-A-4-NT:4-A-2-NT ratio in the final products 2:1. The addition of iron, nickel, and cobalt minerals significantly enhanced the abiotic reduction. The FeS, NiS, and CoS solids formed in the serum bottles catalyzed the reduction of 2,4-DNT preferentially to 4-A-2-NT. MnS and CuS solids also catalyzed the reduction of 2,4-DNT to 4-A-2-NT, but did not change the overall reduction of 2,4-DNT. However, the presence of calcium, zinc, and magnesium minerals impeded 2,4-DNT reduction. The calcium, zinc, and magnesium ions have a high affinity to sulfide, inactivating sulfide as an electron donor for the chemical reduction of 2,4-DNT. DA - 1996/// PY - 1996/// DO - 10.2166/wst.1996.0235 VL - 34 IS - 10 SP - 25-33 SN - 0273-1223 KW - abiotic reduction KW - 2-amino-4-nitrotoluene KW - 4-amino-2-nitrotoluene KW - anoxic KW - 2,4-dinitrotoluene KW - minerals KW - sulfide ER -