TY - JOUR TI - Separating Nitrite-Reducing Bacteria in Mixed Culture Samples using Sequential mRNA Fluorescence in situ Hybridization and Fluorescence-Assisted Cell Sorting (SmRFF) T2 - Abstracts of the General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// UR - https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/15001854/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Performance and Microbial Community Structure of an Onsite Soil/Plant-Based Wastewater Reuse System T2 - Abstracts of the General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// UR - https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/15001853/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Molecular Methods in Biological Systems T2 - Water Environment Research AB - In 2009, molecular methods continue to be widely applied in different areas of environmental engineering research. Fingerprinting techniques such as denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T‐RFLP) and automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) continue to be popular tools to track differences in microbial community composition over time and space. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) of whole cells was also commonly employed to observe microbes of interest in ecological systems. Real time quantitative PCR methods appear to have become much more mainstream and were used to conduct comparative analyses of communities in different systems and over time. Several data analysis methods and software was proposed to analyze large and complex genomic data. In this review we chose to focus on new or significantly revised methods, novel applications of existing methods, and a few high quality reviews published in 2009, since the body of literature using molecular methods in environmental engineering has become very large. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// DO - 10.2175/106143010X12756668800735 UR - https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/7119255/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Foaming T2 - Microbial Ecology of Activated Sludge DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// UR - https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/7119275/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Removal of pharmaceuticals by powdered activated carbon adsorption: Effect of particle size and point of addition AU - Deng, Q. AU - Ohno, K. AU - Knappe, D. C2 - 2010/// C3 - American Water Works Association Annual Conference and Exposition 2010, ACE 2010, Papers DA - 2010/// UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84871451325&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CONF TI - Removal of natural organic matter and trace organic pollutants by superfine powdered activated carbon AU - Dunn, S. AU - Deng, Q. AU - Ohno, K. AU - Matsui, Y. AU - Knappe, D.R.U. C2 - 2010/// C3 - Water Quality Technology Conference and Exposition 2010 DA - 2010/// SP - 2156-2170 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84873492183&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CONF TI - Removal of pesticides from drinking water using indigenous charcoal adsorbents AU - Kearns, J.P. AU - Wellborn, L.S. AU - Summers, R.S. AU - Knappe, D.R.U. C2 - 2010/// C3 - Water Quality Technology Conference and Exposition 2010 DA - 2010/// SP - 1401-1408 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84873507968&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CONF TI - Removal of 2-methylisoborneol and geosmin by zeolite enhanced ozonation AU - Yuncu, B. AU - Knappe, D.R.U. C2 - 2010/// C3 - American Water Works Association Annual Conference and Exposition 2010, ACE 2010, Papers DA - 2010/// UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84871413753&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CONF TI - Reflections on the United Nations Climate Conference in Copenhagen (COP15) AU - Delborne, Jason T2 - Noontime Seminar Series C2 - 2010/1/11/ CY - Center for Science and Technology Policy Research, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO. DA - 2010/1/11/ PY - 2010/1/11/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Citizen Voices in the Global Climate and Energy Challenge: Worldwide Views and Citizen Deliberation AU - Schneider, J. AU - Delborne, Jason T2 - Noontime Seminar Series C2 - 2010/2/1/ CY - Center for Science and Technology Policy Research, the Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, and the Environment and Society Program of the Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO. DA - 2010/2/1/ PY - 2010/2/1/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Translating World Wide Views Results into Policy – Media and Dissemination to Policymakers AU - Delborne, Jason T2 - World Wide Views on Global Warming Research Workshop C2 - 2010/6/8/ CY - Snekkersten, Denmark DA - 2010/6/8/ PY - 2010/6/8/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Reaching Across or Reaching Within? STS and STP Networks, Communities, and Questions AU - Delborne, Jason T2 - Gordon Research Conference on Science and Technology Policy C2 - 2010/8/9/ CY - Waterville Valley, NH. DA - 2010/8/9/ PY - 2010/8/9/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Intelligent Monitoring of Dams and Levees: Can Technological Advancements in Continuous Monitoring Stimulate Policy Change? AU - Parekh, M.L. AU - Stone, K.A. AU - Delborne, J. T2 - Association of State Dam Safety Officials – Dam Safety 2010 C2 - 2010/9/20/ CY - Seattle, WA DA - 2010/9/20/ PY - 2010/9/20/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Constructing Audiences in Scientific Controversy AU - Delborne, Jason T2 - Environmental Science and Engineering Seminar Series C2 - 2010/9/30/ CY - Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO DA - 2010/9/30/ PY - 2010/9/30/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - Investigating the Formation of Fat Oil and Grease Deposits in Sewer Collection Systems AU - He, Xia AU - Ducoste, J.J. AU - de los Reyes, F. L. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// ER - TY - SOUND TI - Factors Affecting the Formation of FOG Deposits in Sewer Lines AU - de los Reyes, F. AU - Ducoste, J. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// ER - TY - CONF TI - The Value of Numerical Modeling in the Design and Operation of Drinking Water Treatment Processes AU - Alpert, S.M. AU - Jin, S. AU - Aziz, T. AU - Ducoste, J. T2 - American Water Works Association (AWWA) National Conference C2 - 2010/// CY - Chicago IL DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/6/20/ ER - TY - CONF TI - A Numerical Approach for Modeling Carbon and Nitrogen Removal Under the Influence of Floc Size Distribution AU - Sobriminsana, A. AU - Ducoste, J. AU - de los Reyes, F.L. T2 - International Water Association (IWA) Leading Edge Conference C2 - 2010/// CY - Phoenix, AZ DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/6/4/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Assessment of Grease Abatement Systems AU - Gallimore, Aziz AU - Ducoste, J.J. T2 - Water Environment Foundation (WEF) Sewer Collection System Conference C2 - 2010/// CY - Phoenix, AZ DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/6/7/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - Regulatory constrained flux balance analysis of monolignol biosynthesis AU - Ducoste, Joel AU - Williams, Cranos AU - Song, Jina AU - Chen, His-Chuan AU - Isik, Fikret AU - Sederoff, Ron AU - Chiang, Vincent DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// ER - TY - SOUND TI - Predicting regulatory control of lignin biosynthesis using signaling graph methodology AU - Williams, Cranos AU - Ducoste, Joel AU - Song, Jina AU - Isik, Fikret AU - Sederoff, Ron AU - Chiang, Vincent DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Tortuosity of Nonwoven Structures AU - Vallabh, R. AU - Seyam, A.M. AU - Banks-Lee, P. AU - Ducoste, J. T2 - 7th International Conference of Textile Research Division C2 - 2010/// C3 - Proceedings of the 7th International Conference of Textile Research Division CY - National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/10/10/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Tortuosity in Fibrous Porous Media AU - Vallabh, R. AU - Seyam, A.M. AU - Banks-Lee, P. AU - Ducoste, J. T2 - 7th International Conference of Textile Research Division C2 - 2010/// C3 - Proceedings of the 7th International Conference of Textile Research Division CY - National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/10/10/ ER - TY - RPRT TI - Evaluation of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for Modeling UV Initiated Advance Oxidation Processes AU - Ducoste, J.J. AU - Knappe, D. AU - Alpert, S. A3 - Water Research Foundation DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// PB - Water Research Foundation ER - TY - SOUND TI - Grease Interceptors vs Under the Sink Grease Traps: Who won the Taste Test of Removing influent Fats, Oils, and Grease AU - Ducoste, J.J. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// ER - TY - SOUND TI - Simulating the UV/H2O2 Advanced Oxidation Process using Computational Fluid Dynamics AU - Ducoste, J.J. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// ER - TY - SOUND TI - Fats Roots Oil and Grease in US Sewer Systems: An overview AU - Ducoste, J.J. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// ER - TY - SOUND TI - Can CFD Answer Hydraulic Questions and make Validation more broadly applicable? AU - Ducoste, J.J. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// ER - TY - SOUND TI - Fat, Roots, Oil, and Grease (FROG) in Sanitary Sewer Systems: Is a Sustainable Sewer system in Jeopardy AU - Ducoste, J.J. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Field Assessment of Grease Abatement Devices AU - Aziz, Tarek N. AU - Holt, Leon AU - Keener, Kevin M. AU - Ducoste, Joel J. T2 - Water Environment Federation's Technical Exhibition and Conference C2 - 2010/1/1/ C3 - Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation CY - New Orleans, LA DA - 2010/1/1/ PY - 2010/10/10/ DO - 10.2175/193864710798170982 VL - 2010 SP - 2916–2917 M1 - 14 PB - Water Environment Federation UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864710798170982 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Removal of 2-Methylisoborneol and Geosmin by High-Silica Zeolites and Zeolite-Enhanced Ozonation AU - Knappe, D.R.U. AU - Yuncu, B. AU - Deng, Q. A3 - Water Research Foundation DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// M1 - Project #3169 M3 - Executive Summary PB - Water Research Foundation SN - Project #3169 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Simulation-Optimization Framework to Support Sustainable Watershed Development by Mimicking the Predevelopment Flow Regime AU - Reichold, Laurel AU - Zechman, Emily M. AU - Brill, E. Downey AU - Holmes, Hillary T2 - Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management AB - The modification of land and water resources for human use alters the natural hydrologic flow regime of a downstream receiving body of water. The natural flow regime is essential for sustaining biotic structure and equilibrium within the ecosystem. Best management practices mitigate the increased storm water runoff due to increased imperviousness and are typically designed and located within a watershed to match peak and minimum flows for a small set of targeted design storms. Ecosystems are, however, affected by all the characteristics of a long-term flow regime, including the magnitude, duration, frequency, and timing of flows. A more environmentally sustainable approach for watershed development is presented based on the minimization of differences in the characteristics of the flow regime between predevelopment and postdevelopment conditions. The indicator of hydrologic alteration (IHA) is a set of 33 hydrologic indices that characterize a flow regime and, coupled with the range of variability approach (RVA), can be used to evaluate a development strategy for its alteration of the long-term hydrologic flow regime. This paper presents a methodology to identify watershed management strategies that will have a minimal impact on the flow regime and downstream ecosystems. This methodology utilizes a metric that evaluates development strategies based on an IHA/RVA analysis implemented within a simulation-optimization framework. Continuous simulation of urban runoff for different land use strategies is enabled through the use of the storm water management model, and the resulting long-term hydrograph is analyzed using IHA/RVA. Development is allocated within subcatchments to maintain a predefined minimum level of total development while minimizing the hydrologic alteration. A hybrid optimization approach based on genetic algorithm and Nelder-Meade approaches is used to identify optimal land use allocation. Further analysis is conducted to identify alternative development patterns that allocate impervious development maximally differently among subcatchments while achieving similarly low alteration in the hydrologic flow regime. DA - 2010/5// PY - 2010/5// DO - 10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000040 VL - 136 IS - 3 SP - 366-375 J2 - J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. LA - en OP - SN - 0733-9496 1943-5452 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000040 DB - Crossref KW - Simulation optimization KW - Watershed management KW - Urbanization KW - Modeling to generate alternatives KW - Genetic algorithm ER - TY - JOUR TI - Efficient traffic loss evaluation for transport backbone networks AU - Booker, G. AU - Sprintson, A. AU - Zechman, E. AU - Singh, C. AU - Guikema, S. T2 - Computer Networks AB - The resilience and survivability of transport backbone networks are vital for the economy and security. Modern backbone networks use a mesh of fiber optic cables, which are, due to their ubiquitous deployment, prone to failures. The goal of this paper is to develop efficient computational methods for assessing the expected traffic loss in such networks. We present both analytical and simulation approaches for this problem. Our analytical approach is based on the cut set enumeration technique, while our simulation approach is based on Monte Carlo sampling techniques. To facilitate the computational process, we employ artificial intelligence methods based on genetic algorithms. DA - 2010/7// PY - 2010/7// DO - 10.1016/j.comnet.2010.01.008 VL - 54 IS - 10 SP - 1683-1691 J2 - Computer Networks LA - en OP - SN - 1389-1286 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2010.01.008 DB - Crossref KW - Availability evaluation KW - Network reliability KW - Genetic algorithms ER - TY - JOUR TI - State of the Art for Genetic Algorithms and Beyond in Water Resources Planning and Management AU - Nicklow, John AU - Reed, Patrick AU - Savic, Dragan AU - Dessalegne, Tibebe AU - Harrell, Laura AU - Chan-Hilton, Amy AU - Karamouz, Mohammad AU - Minsker, Barbara AU - Ostfeld, Avi AU - Singh, Abhishek AU - Zechman, Emily T2 - Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management AB - During the last two decades, the water resources planning and management profession has seen a dramatic increase in the development and application of various types of evolutionary algorithms (EAs). This observation is especially true for application of genetic algorithms, arguably the most popular of the several types of EAs. Generally speaking, EAs repeatedly prove to be flexible and powerful tools in solving an array of complex water resources problems. This paper provides a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art methods and their applications in the field of water resources planning and management. A primary goal in this ASCE Task Committee effort is to identify in an organized fashion some of the seminal contributions of EAs in the areas of water distribution systems, urban drainage and sewer systems, water supply and wastewater treatment, hydrologic and fluvial modeling, groundwater systems, and parameter identification. The paper also identifies major challenges and opportunities for the future, including a call to address larger-scale problems that are wrought with uncertainty and an expanded need for cross fertilization and collaboration among our field’s subdisciplines. Evolutionary computation will continue to evolve in the future as we encounter increased problem complexities and uncertainty and as the societal pressure for more innovative and efficient solutions rises. DA - 2010/7// PY - 2010/7// DO - 10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000053 VL - 136 IS - 4 SP - 412-432 J2 - J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. LA - en OP - SN - 0733-9496 1943-5452 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000053 DB - Crossref KW - Evolutionary algorithm KW - Evolutionary computation KW - Genetic algorithm ER - TY - JOUR TI - Simulation of Combined Best Management Practices and Low Impact Development for Sustainable Stormwater Management AU - Damodaram, Chandana AU - Giacomoni, Marcio H. AU - Prakash Khedun, C. AU - Holmes, Hillary AU - Ryan, Andrea AU - Saour, William AU - Zechman, Emily M. T2 - JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association AB - Damodaram, Chandana, Marcio H. Giacomoni, C. Prakash Khedun, Hillary Holmes, Andrea Ryan, William Saour, and Emily M. Zechman, 2010. Simulation of Combined Best Management Practices and Low Impact Development for Sustainable Stormwater Management. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 1‐12. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2010.00462.x Abstract: Urbanization causes increased stormwater runoff volumes, leading to erosion, flooding, and the degradation of instream ecosystem health. Although Best Management Practices (BMPs) are used widely as a means for controlling flood runoff events, Low Impact Development (LID) options have been proposed as an alternative approach to better mimic the natural flow regime by using decentralized designs to control stormwater runoff at the source, rather than at a centralized location in the watershed. For highly urbanized areas, LID practices such as rainwater harvesting, green roofs, and permeable pavements can be used to retrofit existing infrastructure and reduce runoff volumes and peak flows. This paper describes a modeling approach to incorporate these LID practices in an existing hydrologic model to estimate the effects of LID choices on streamflow. The modeling approach has been applied to a watershed located on the campus of Texas A&M University in College Station, Texas, to predict the stormwater reductions resulting from retrofitting existing infrastructure with LID technologies. Results demonstrate that use of these LID practices yield significant stormwater control for small events and less control for flood events. A combined BMP‐LID approach is tested for runoff control for both flood and frequent rainfall events. DA - 2010/10// PY - 2010/10// DO - 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00462.x VL - 46 IS - 5 SP - 907–918 SN - 1093-474X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00462.x KW - runoff KW - streamflow KW - simulation KW - Best Management Practices KW - stormwater management KW - sustainability KW - watershed management KW - Low Impact Development ER - TY - CONF TI - Optimizing the Placement of Low Impact Development in an Urban Watershed AU - Damodaram, Chandana AU - Zechman, Emily M. T2 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2010 AB - An increase in urbanization adversely impacts the health of watersheds and receiving water bodies, causing increased peak flows, runoff volumes, velocities and erosion along the banks of a stream. Low Impact Development (LID) methods are strategies which are used to mitigate the impacts of urbanization by reducing runoff at the source and restore the natural hydrologic flow regime. Rainwater harvesting systems, permeable pavements, and green roofs are common LID techniques used to mitigate runoff generated from rooftops and parking lots. As the effectiveness of a LID strategy is determined by both the infiltration capabilities of alternative technologies and their placement within the watershed, this study optimizes the allocation of LID in a watershed to minimize the impact on the natural hydrologic flow regime, subject to an allowable cost. The hydrologic impacts of LID strategies are simulated using hydrologic and hydraulic models and are evaluated based on the peak flow. A genetic algorithm is coupled with the simulation models and applied for an illustrative watershed, located on the Texas A&M University campus, to identify the tradeoff between hydrologic impacts and implement costs of LID strategies. C2 - 2010/5/14/ C3 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2010 CY - Providence, Rhode Island DA - 2010/5/14/ PY - 2010/5/16/ DO - 10.1061/41114(371)320 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers SN - 9780784411148 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41114(371)320 ER - TY - CONF TI - An Agent-Based Modeling Approach to Evaluate the Impact of Conservation Practices on Water Resources Sustainability AU - Kanta, Lufthansa AU - Zechman, Emily M. T2 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2010 AB - The availability of water resources in many urbanizing areas is the emergent property of the adaptive interactions among consumers, policy, and the hydrologic cycle. As water availability becomes more stressed, public officials often implement restrictions on water use, such as bans on outdoor watering. Consumers are influenced by policy and the choices of other consumers to select water conservation technologies and practices, which aggregate as the demand on available water resources. Policy and behavior choices impact the availability of water for future use as reservoirs are depleted or filled. This research posits urban water supply as a Complex Adaptive System (CAS) by coupling a consumer end use model and a water supply model within an agent-based modeling (ABM) framework. Public officials are simulated as agents to choose water pricing structures, and consumers are simulated as agents, influenced by water prices and the choices of other consumers, to select water conservation technologies and behaviors, and correspondingly update their individual end use models. A water supply reservoir is simulated to receive rainfall from the contributing watershed and supply the demands of consumer agents. The ABM framework is applied to an illustrative urban case study. A set of water pricing structures are developed to represent risky and risk-averse policies and are simulated for a long-term precipitation record to evaluate the sustainability of water conservation practices. C2 - 2010/5/14/ C3 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2010 CY - Providence, Rhode Island DA - 2010/5/14/ PY - 2010/5/16/ DO - 10.1061/41114(371)432 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers SN - 9780784411148 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41114(371)432 ER - TY - CONF TI - An Agent-Based Modeling Approach for Simulating Contamination Events Applied to the Mesopolis Water Distribution System AU - Shafiee, Mohammadmehdi AU - Zechman, Emily M. T2 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2010 AB - Water distribution system contamination is a realistic threat to public health, and both intentional and accidental contamination of water utilities can cause devastating consequences. The most effective responses to a contamination incident should be planned to manage the impact of contamination events and protect public health. Making threat management decisions while the contaminant is spreading through the network is a difficult process; however, due to uncertainty and lack of monitoring data, and the various interaction and responses of consumers, policy makers and media during an event make the problem more complex and dynamic. The behaviors of consumers cause diverse fluctuations in the hydraulics of the water system, changing the propagation of the contaminant plume in the network. Decision-makers may choose to mitigate the contaminant and change hydraulics in the network through flushing hydrants and closing valves. A modeling framework that allows the simulation of a contamination event under the effects of actions taken by utility managers and consumers allows in-depth analysis of alternative threat mitigation and management strategies. Agent Based Modeling is coupled with a water distribution network model to simulate the interaction among different agents in the system and evaluate the emergent properties of the contamination event, which would be difficult to predict by assessing individual agent behaviors alone. Individual consumers are simulated as agents, who, once exposed to a contaminant, will change their water usage and communicate with other consumers and decision-makers. In the model, as actions taken by agents affect demands and flows in the system, dynamic approaches will update the mechanistic model and the identification of the contaminant source to supply the utility manager agents with the latest information as it becomes available. This framework is applied for a virtual case study, Mesopolis. The results of the case study indicate the significance of considering the behavior of agents in threat management and response planning to better protect public health. C2 - 2010/5/14/ C3 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2010 CY - Providence, Rhode Island DA - 2010/5/14/ PY - 2010/5/16/ DO - 10.1061/41114(371)441 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers SN - 9780784411148 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41114(371)441 ER - TY - CONF TI - WDS Vulnerability Analysis: Focusing on Random Factors, Consumer Behavior, and System Dynamics in Contamination Events AU - Rasekh, Amin AU - Brumbelow, Kelly AU - Zechman, Emily M. T2 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2010 AB - A contamination event in a water distribution system (WDS) occurs in a dynamic system where hydraulics, operations, and consumer demands can all change significantly during the course of the event. Past research has typically not included the role of consumer actions and responses during contamination events in changing WDS behavior. This paper will present ongoing work to address this deficiency in WDS emergency response planning. Vulnerability assessment is an initial phase in the overall emergency planning framework. However, standard vulnerability assessment methods do not generally focus on the role of dynamic system changes nor do they focus on the role of false positives. A novel method will be presented that combines traditional assessment techniques with attention to these issues. Moreover, meta-analysis of contamination case studies is used to determine probabilistic functions for important characteristics of contamination events. The goals of the vulnerability assessment are expanded beyond traditional ones to include identification of needed information on consumer behavior, utility operations response, and system dynamics. This work is preparatory to upcoming public surveys, agent-based modeling, and stochastic simulation-optimization analysis. C2 - 2010/5/14/ C3 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2010 CY - Providence, Rhode Island DA - 2010/5/14/ PY - 2010/5/16/ DO - 10.1061/41114(371)443 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers SN - 9780784411148 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41114(371)443 ER - TY - CONF TI - A Complex Adaptive Systems Approach to Simulate Urban Water Resources Sustainability AU - Giacomoni, M. H. AU - Zechman, E. M. T2 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2010 AB - Urban growth impacts the sustainability of water resources due to conversion of natural to impervious cover and increased withdraws for human consumption. These processes increase runoff, change the timing of in-stream flows and storage, and deplete available water resources. The quality and availability of urban water resources, therefore, is the aggregated result of land- and water-use choices of citizens in a municipality. For example, land owners define the amount of imperviousness in lots through the adoption of Low Impact Development (LID), and consumers choose water conservation techniques and practices. Consumer decision-making is a dynamic process, however, as it is driven by water resources policies, which is, in turn, based on the current quality and availability of water resources. This research simulates a watershed as a Complex Adaptive System (CAS), which is characterized by interacting actors who influence and are influenced by the environment and the choices of other actors through dynamic feedback processes. A CAS can be simulated through the use of Agent Based Models (ABMs), which represents the interaction of multiple actors within an environment. A CAS framework is developed for an illustrative case study to simulate landowners and households as ABMs, coupled with a hydrologic and reservoir model. Agents make decisions to choose land use types, implement LID, and adopt water conservation practices. The CAS framework presents a more comprehensive view of the urban water system and the dynamic interactions between stormwater management and water supply for facilitating the water resources planning process. C2 - 2010/5/14/ C3 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2010 CY - Providence, Rhode Island DA - 2010/5/14/ PY - 2010/5/16/ DO - 10.1061/41114(371)262 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers SN - 9780784411148 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41114(371)262 ER - TY - CONF TI - Using the Hydrologic Footprint Residence to Evaluate Low Impact Development in Urban Areas AU - Damodaram, Chandana AU - Giacomoni, Marcio H. AU - Zechman, Emily M. T2 - Low Impact Development International Conference (LID) 2010 AB - Urbanization adversely impacts the health of a watershed and the receiving water body, as increased runoff volumes, velocities, and peak flows cause erosion, flooding, and degradation of ecosystem habitats. Low Impact Development (LID) strategies are used to mitigate the impacts of urbanization by reducing the runoff at the source and restoring the natural hydrologic flow regime. Rainwater harvesting, permeable pavements and green roofs may be placed in urban areas to mitigate the runoff generated from rooftops and parking lots. This study simulates and evaluates the placement of these LID strategies for an urban watershed on the Texas A&M University campus. A conventional metric, the peak flow, is used to evaluate the hydrologic performance of LID, in addition to the Hydrologic Footprint Residence (HFR), which is a new metric that captures the inundated areas and duration of floods in downstream reaches. The results indicate that HFR can be used to evaluate the hydrologic performance of LID as it captures both changes in runoff volumes and the duration of flooding to represent the impacts of urbanization. C2 - 2010/4/6/ C3 - Low Impact Development 2010 CY - San Francisco, California DA - 2010/4/6/ PY - 2010/4/11/ DO - 10.1061/41099(367)148 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers SN - 9780784410998 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41099(367)148 ER - TY - CONF TI - The Role of Multimodel Combination and Data assimilation in Improving Streamflow Prediction AU - Li, W. AU - Arumugam, S. AU - Ranjithan, R.S. T2 - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting C2 - 2010/// CY - San Francisco, CA DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/12/12/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Interannual to Decadal Variability in Hydroclimatic Data: Analyses and Implications to Water Management AU - Wang, H. AU - Arumugam, S. AU - Ranjithan, R.S. T2 - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting C2 - 2010/// CY - San Francisco, CA DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/12/12/ ER - TY - RPRT TI - Utilizing Three-Month ahead Multimodel Streamflow Forecasts for Improving the Management Of Falls Lake AU - Sankarasubramanian, A. AU - Devineni, N. A3 - NC-Water Resources Research Institute DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// M3 - Research Report PB - NC-Water Resources Research Institute ER - TY - CONF TI - Role of Climate Variability in Modulating Surface Water and Groundwater Interaction over the Southeast United States AU - Almanaseer, N. AU - Arumugam, S. AU - Bales, J. T2 - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting C2 - 2010/12/12/ CY - San Francisco, CA DA - 2010/12/12/ PY - 2010/12/12/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Probabilistic Water quality trading model conditioned on season-ahead nutrient load forecasts AU - Oh, J. AU - Arumugam, S. T2 - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting C2 - 2010/// CY - San Francisco, CA DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/12/12/ ER - TY - NEWS TI - Haiti’s Eternal Weight T2 - New York Times PY - 2010/7/7/ ER - TY - NEWS TI - Logistics ignored in disaster relief T2 - The Atlanta Journal-Constitution PY - 2010/2/3/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Modeling Influenza Pandemic, Intervention Strategies, and Food Distribution AU - Ekici, A. AU - Kekinocak, P. AU - Shi, P. AU - Swann, J. T2 - DHS Workshop on Grand Challenges in Modeling, Simulation, and Analysis for Homeland Security C2 - 2010/// C3 - Proceedings of the DHS Workshop on Grand Challenges in Modeling, Simulation, and Analysis for Homeland Security CY - Arlington, VA DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// PB - The Society for Modeling and Simulation International ER - TY - CHAP TI - Diverse Elevational Diversity Gradients in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, U.S.A. AU - Sanders, Nathan AU - Dunn, R.R. AU - Fitzpatrick, M.C. AU - Carlton, C.E. AU - Pogue, M.R. AU - Parker, C.R. AU - Simons, T.R. T2 - Data Mining for Global Trends in Mountain Biodiversity A2 - Spehn, Eva M. A2 - Korner, Christian PY - 2010/9/28/ DO - 10.1201/9781420083705.ch10 SP - 75–87 PB - CRC Press SN - 9781420083699 9781420083705 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420083705.ch10 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Foaming AU - de los Reyes, FL, III T2 - The Microbial Ecology of Activated Sludge A2 - Seviour, R.J. A2 - Nielsen, P.H. PY - 2010/// SP - 215–258 PB - IWA Publishing ER - TY - JOUR TI - A hero with a butterfly net AU - Dunn, Robert T2 - Nature DA - 2010/4// PY - 2010/4// DO - 10.1038/4641282a VL - 464 IS - 7293 SP - 1282-1283 J2 - Nature LA - en OP - SN - 0028-0836 1476-4687 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/4641282a DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pesticide Exposures and Uterine Fibroid Risk Among Farming Women AU - Myers, S.L. AU - Hoppin, J.A. AU - Olshan, A.F. AU - Herring, A.H. AU - Nylander-French, L. AU - Schroeder, J.C. AU - Sandler, D.P. AU - Baird, D.D. T2 - Annals of Epidemiology AB - Environmental Epigenomics is a developing field to study the epigenetic effect on human health from exposure to environmental factors. Endocrine disrupting chemicals have been detected primarily in pharmaceutical drugs, personal care products, food additives, and food containers. Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has been associated with a high incidence and prevalence of many endocrine-related disorders in humans. Nevertheless, further evidence is needed to establish a correlation between exposure to EDC and human disorders.Conventional detection of EDCs is based on chemical structure and concentration sample analysis. However, substantial evidence has emerged, suggesting that cell exposure to EDCs leads to epigenetic changes, independently of its chemical structure with non-monotonic low-dose responses.Consequently, a paradigm shift in toxicology assessment of EDCs is proposed based on a comprehensive review of analytical techniques used to evaluate the epigenetic effects. Fundamental insights reported elsewhere are compared in order to establish DNA methylation analysis as a viable method for assessing endocrine disruptors beyond the conventional study approach of chemical structure and concentration analysis. DA - 2010/9// PY - 2010/9// DO - 10.1016/j.annepidem.2010.07.047 VL - 20 IS - 9 SP - 707 J2 - Annals of Epidemiology LA - en OP - SN - 1047-2797 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2010.07.047 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mortality in the Agricultural Health Study, 1993-2007 AU - Waggoner, J. K. AU - Kullman, G. J. AU - Henneberger, P. K. AU - Umbach, D. M. AU - Blair, A. AU - Alavanja, M. C. R. AU - Kamel, F. AU - Lynch, C. F. AU - Knott, C. AU - London, S. J. AU - Hines, C. J. AU - Thomas, K. W. AU - Sandler, D. P. AU - Lubin, J. H. AU - Beane Freeman, L. E. AU - Hoppin, J. A. T2 - American Journal of Epidemiology AB - Comparing agricultural cohorts with the general population is challenging because the general healthiness of farmers may mask potential adverse health effects of farming. Using data from the Agricultural Health Study, a cohort of 89,656 pesticide applicators and their spouses (N = 89, 656) in North Carolina and Iowa, the authors computed standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) comparing deaths from time of the enrollment (1993–1997) through 2007 to state-specific rates. To compensate for the cohort's overall healthiness, relative SMRs were estimated by calculating the SMR for each cause relative to the SMR for all other causes. In 1,198,129 person-years of follow-up, 6,419 deaths were observed. The all-cause mortality rate was less than expected (SMRapplicators = 0.54, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.52, 0.55; SMRspouses = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.50, 0.55). SMRs for all cancers, heart disease, and diabetes were significantly below 1.0. In contrast, applicators experienced elevated numbers of machine-related deaths (SMR = 4.15, 95% CI: 3.18, 5.31), motor vehicle nontraffic accidents (SMR = 2.80, 95% CI: 1.81, 4.14), and collisions with objects (SMR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.25, 3.34). In the relative SMR analysis for applicators, the relative mortality ratio was elevated for lymphohematopoietic cancers, melanoma, and digestive system, prostate, kidney, and brain cancers. Among spouses, relative SMRs exceeded 1.0 for lymphohematopoietic cancers and malignancies of the digestive system, brain, breast, and ovary. Unintentional fatal injuries remain an important risk for farmers; mortality ratios from several cancers were elevated relative to other causes. DA - 2010/11/17/ PY - 2010/11/17/ DO - 10.1093/aje/kwq323 VL - 173 IS - 1 SP - 71-83 J2 - American Journal of Epidemiology LA - en OP - SN - 0002-9262 1476-6256 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwq323 DB - Crossref KW - agriculture KW - healthy worker effect KW - mortality KW - neoplasms KW - pesticides KW - wounds and injuries ER - TY - CONF TI - Climate-Groundwater-Surface Water Interrelationships Over the South Eastern US AU - Almanaseer, Naser AU - Arumugam, Sankar T2 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2010 AB - This research focuses in understanding the interaction between climate, groundwater and surface water over the Southeastern US. For this purpose, we consider observed streamflow, precipitation, temperature and groundwater levels from twenty basins from the USGS climate-groundwater network. Seasonality analyses on the four variables indicate both high and low periods of activity for each variable. Singular spectrum analyses on all the four variables indicate that groundwater is the most dominant component in explaining the first component. Relating eigen values with drainage area show that large basins exhibit increased role for groundwater. Analyses on relating precipitation forecasts and sea surface temperature conditions show that there is a potential in predicting groundwater availability purely based on climate information. C2 - 2010/5/14/ C3 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2010 DA - 2010/5/14/ DO - 10.1061/41114(371)84 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers SN - 9780784411148 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41114(371)84 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CONF TI - Seamless Integration of Weather and Climate Information in Developing Operational Streamflow Forecasts AU - Wang, Hui AU - Arumugam, Sankarasubramanian AU - Ranjithan, Ranji S. T2 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2010 AB - Various atmospheric and ocean conditions, such as El-Nino Southern Oscillation, affect the monthly and seasonal streamflow potential in a given region. Similarly, at daily to weekly time scales, well known oscillations such as PNA (Pacific-North America) influence the skill of weather forecasts. Thus, to develop bi-weekly streamflow forecasts, we propose an algorithm that combines streamflow forecasts downscaled from medium-range weather information and the disaggregated bi-weekly streamflow forecasts from climate information. For basins, whose monthly and seasonal streamflows are primarily SST driven with limited skill in predicting the bi-weekly weather, such a combination would be expected to yield benefits in developing better weekly streamflow forecasts. To demonstrate this algorithm, we first analyze using a synthetic study that consider streamflow forecasts having different skills at bi-weekly and monthly time scales and combine both of them using the proposed algorithm. Preliminary investigations clearly show that combining medium range weather and climate information could improve the skill in predicting the bi-weekly precipitation/streamflow forecasts for the basin. Findings from the synthetic study is also validated by combining retrospective bi-weekly weather forecasts and the disaggregated bi-weekly forecasts obtained from the retrospective climate forecasts for various regions in the country. C2 - 2010/5/14/ C3 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2010 DA - 2010/5/14/ DO - 10.1061/41114(371)470 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers SN - 9780784411148 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41114(371)470 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CONF TI - Climate, Streamflow, and Nutrients Variability Over the Southeastern United States AU - Oh, Jeseung AU - Arumugam, Sankarasubramanian T2 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2010 AB - It is well established in hydroclimatic literature that interannual variability in seasonal streamflow could be explained partially using SST conditions. Similarly, it is widely known that streamflow is the most important predictor in estimating nutrient loadings and the associated concentration. The intent of this study is to bridge these two findings such that season-ahead nutrient loadings could be predicted purely based on exogenous climatic conditions such as Sea Surface Temperature (SST). By selecting 40 relatively undeveloped basins in the Southeastern US, we relate the (3-month ahead) SST conditions that influence the seasonal streamflow over the basin with the observed seasonal loadings from the water quality database. For basins whose seasonal nutrient concentrations/loadings modulate according to SST conditions, we develop low-dimensional statistical models that predict 3-month ahead nutrient loadings purely based on principal components of SST grid points. By comparing the estimated loadings using SST conditions with both observed and simulated loadings, we show that on 40–80% of interannual variability in seasonal loadings could be explained contingent on SST conditions even before the beginning of the season. Potential utility of these season-ahead nutrient predictions in developing proactive and adaptive water quality management plans as well as in providing prognostic information to support water quality trading is also discussed. C2 - 2010/5/14/ C3 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2010 DA - 2010/5/14/ DO - 10.1061/41114(371)458 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers SN - 9780784411148 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41114(371)458 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CONF TI - Climatology of Monthly Runoff: Causality and Relations to Seasonality in Precipitation and Temperature AU - Devineni, Naresh AU - Arumugam, Sankarasubramanian T2 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2010 AB - Observed monthly climatology of streamflows over the eastern United States showed significant differences from the month precipitation climatology. While the distribution of monthly precipitation is uniform throughout the year over the eastern United States (except peninsular Florida), the streamflow shows pronounced seasonality with peak flow seasons occurring during the winter over the Southeast and during the spring over the Mid-Atlantic and Northeast regions. A systematic analysis is carried out using simple water balance models that require no calibration for understanding the role of precipitation and temperature seasonality in influencing the streamflow seasonality. Preliminary findings show that for regions where precipitation and temperature are out of phase, streamflow seasonality index — which indicates the high flow season — occurs during the melt season. On the other hand, for regions where monthly distributions of precipitation is uniform, streamflow seasonality index typically coincide with storage seasonality. C2 - 2010/5/14/ C3 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2010 DA - 2010/5/14/ DO - 10.1061/41114(371)457 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers SN - 9780784411148 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41114(371)457 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CONF TI - Utility of Climate Forecasts in Promoting Inter-Basin Transfer in the North Carolina Triangle Area AU - Li, Weihua AU - Arumugam, Sankarasubramanian AU - Ranjithan, Ranji S. T2 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2010 AB - Droughts experienced by regional water supply systems often result due to reduced streamflow/precipitation potential which could occur due to varying exogenous climatic conditions such as tropical sea surface temperature (SST). Similarly, water supply systems can also experience frequent shortages in supply due to increased water demand resulting from urbanization and population growth in the region. The goal of this study is to identify a sustainable way of managing triangle area's two major reservoir systems while in the meantime improving the water supply reliability for its urban area. In this study, streamflow forecasts downscaled from climate forecasts for the winter season is developed to explore the potential for inter-basin transfer between Falls Lake of the Neuse River basin and Jordan Lake in the Cape Fear River basin. Using the 3-month ahead ensembles of streamflow forecasts, the reservoir simulation model estimates the probability of meeting the end of the season target storage for the two systems. Comparing these two probabilities, various scenarios of inter-basin transfers between the two systems are analyzed in such a way that the water quality releases from both systems are not endangered. Results show that by introducing inter-basin transfer, the reliability of the water supply for the triangle area could be increased, which would help in developing regional drought management strategies. C2 - 2010/5/14/ C3 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2010 DA - 2010/5/14/ DO - 10.1061/41114(371)270 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers SN - 9780784411148 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41114(371)270 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Is it easy to be urban? Convergent success in urban habitats among lineages of a widespread native ant AU - Menke, S.B. AU - Booth, W. AU - Dunn, R.R. AU - Schal, C. AU - Vargo, E.L. AU - Silverman, J. T2 - PLoS ONE AB - The most rapidly expanding habitat globally is the urban habitat, yet the origin and life histories of the populations of native species that inhabit this habitat remain poorly understood. We use DNA barcoding of the COI gene in the widespread native pest ant Tapinoma sessile to test two hypotheses regarding the origin of urban populations and traits associated with their success. First, we determine if urban samples of T. sessile have a single origin from natural populations by looking at patterns of haplotype clustering from across their range. Second, we examine whether polygynous colony structure--a trait associated with invasion success--is correlated with urban environments, by studying the lineage dependence of colony structure. Our phylogenetic analysis of 49 samples identified four well supported geographic clades. Within clades, Kimura-2 parameter pairwise genetic distances revealed <2.3% variation; however, between clade genetic distances were 7.5-10.0%, suggesting the possibility of the presence of cryptic species. Our results indicate that T. sessile has successfully colonized urban environments multiple times. Additionally, polygynous colony structure is a highly plastic trait across habitat, clade, and haplotype. In short, T. sessile has colonized urban habitats repeatedly and appears to do so using life history strategies already present in more natural populations. Whether similar results hold for other species found in urban habitats has scarcely begun to be considered. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0009194 VL - 5 IS - 2 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77949474281&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - BOOK TI - Geographic Gradients AB - Abstract One of the key questions in ecology is what drives species diversity patterns. Generally ant diversity decreases with increasing latitude, and elevation. While a host of mechanisms to explain these patterns has been proposed, the six most likely hypotheses include differences in speciation and extinction rates, geographic area, geometric constraints, species‐energy theory, and effective evolutionary age. Not only does ant diversity vary with latitude and elevation but there are also gradients in ant life history traits. Although there are only a handful of studies on ants, range size was found to increase with increasing elevation in accordance with Rapoport's rule predictions. Similarly in accordance with Bergmann's rule, ant body size tends to increase with latitude and elevation. Gradients in diversity can have consequences for predation rates, and mutualisms. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// DO - 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199544639.003.0003 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84919780925&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Modeling changes in biomass composition during microwave-based alkali pretreatment of switchgrass AU - Keshwani, Deepak R. AU - Cheng, Jay J. T2 - Biotechnology and Bioengineering AB - This study used two different approaches to model changes in biomass composition during microwave-based pretreatment of switchgrass: kinetic modeling using a time-dependent rate coefficient, and a Mamdani-type fuzzy inference system. In both modeling approaches, the dielectric loss tangent of the alkali reagent and pretreatment time were used as predictors for changes in amounts of lignin, cellulose, and xylan during the pretreatment. Training and testing data sets for development and validation of the models were obtained from pretreatment experiments conducted using 1-3% w/v NaOH (sodium hydroxide) and pretreatment times ranging from 5 to 20 min. The kinetic modeling approach for lignin and xylan gave comparable results for training and testing data sets, and the differences between the predictions and experimental values were within 2%. The kinetic modeling approach for cellulose was not as effective, and the differences were within 5-7%. The time-dependent rate coefficients of the kinetic models estimated from experimental data were consistent with the heterogeneity of individual biomass components. The Mamdani-type fuzzy inference was shown to be an effective approach to model the pretreatment process and yielded predictions with less than 2% deviation from the experimental values for lignin and with less than 3% deviation from the experimental values for cellulose and xylan. The entropies of the fuzzy outputs from the Mamdani-type fuzzy inference system were calculated to quantify the uncertainty associated with the predictions. Results indicate that there is no significant difference between the entropies associated with the predictions for lignin, cellulose, and xylan. It is anticipated that these models could be used in process simulations of bioethanol production from lignocellulosic materials. DA - 2010/1/1/ PY - 2010/1/1/ DO - 10.1002/bit.22506 VL - 105 IS - 1 SP - 88-97 J2 - Biotechnol. Bioeng. LA - en OP - SN - 0006-3592 1097-0290 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.22506 DB - Crossref KW - kinetic modeling KW - fuzzy modeling KW - microwave pretreatment KW - switchgrass KW - bioethanol ER - TY - JOUR TI - Development of molecular-based methods for determination of high histamine producing bacteria in fish AU - Björnsdóttir-Butler, Kristin AU - Bolton, Gregory E. AU - Jaykus, Lee-Ann AU - McClellan-Green, Patricia D. AU - Green, David P. T2 - International Journal of Food Microbiology AB - Histamine (or scombroid) fish poisoning is a significant cause of food borne disease in the United States. In this study, we describe the development of a molecular-based technique which uses digoxigenin (DIG) labeled DNA probes for the detection of Gram negative bacteria producing high amounts of histamine (> 1000 ppm). A cocktail of PCR amplification fragments corresponding to a 709 bp fragment of the histidine decarboxylase (hdc) gene of four high producing bacteria (Morganella morganii, Enterobacter aerogenes, Raoultella planticola and Photobacterium damselae) was DIG-labeled and screened against a strain bank of 152 Gram negative bacteria isolated from scrombroid fish and their harvest environment. The probe cocktail reacted specifically (100%) with the high histamine producing strains but failed to react with low histamine producers and non-producers. To further evaluate the feasibility of the approach, fish homogenate inoculated with known concentrations of four high histamine producing bacterial strains was plated on modified Niven's medium (culture method) and trypticase soy agar supplemented with 2% NaCl (for colony lift hybridization). The colony lift hybridization counts did not differ significantly from the level of the initial inoculum (p > 0.05), while the modified Niven's counts were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than either inoculum or colony lift counts. The use of digoxigenin (DIG) labeled DNA probes with colony lift hybridization shows promise for accurate and specific enumeration of histamine producing bacteria in scombroid fish. DA - 2010/5// PY - 2010/5// DO - 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.03.017 VL - 139 IS - 3 SP - 161-167 J2 - International Journal of Food Microbiology LA - en OP - SN - 0168-1605 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.03.017 DB - Crossref KW - Histamine KW - Bacteria KW - DNA probes KW - Colony lift hybridization KW - Fish ER - TY - JOUR TI - Resilience in urban socioecological systems: residential water management as a driver of biodiversity AU - Katti, M. AU - Katti, M. AU - Schleder, B. AB - Abstract Cities are unique ecosystems where human social-economic-cultural activities prominently shape the landscape, influencing the distribution and abundance of other species, and consequent patterns of biodiversity. The long-term sustainability of cities is of increasing concern as they continue to grow, straining infrastructure and pushing against natural resources constraints. A key resource is water, esp. in the more rapidly urbanizing arid regions. Understanding water management is thus critical for a deeper theoretical understanding of urban ecosystems and for effective urban policy. Landscaping and irrigation at any urban residence is a product of local geophysical/ecological conditions, homeowners’ cultural preferences, socioeconomic status, neighborhood dynamics, zoning laws, and city/state/federal regulations. Since landscape structure and water availability are key determinants of habitat for other species, urban biodiversity is strongly driven by the outcome of interactions between these variables. Yet the relative importance of ecological variables vs human socioeconomic variables in driving urban biodiversity remains poorly understood. Here we analyze data from the Fresno Bird Count, a citizen science project in California’s Central Valley, to show that spatial variation in bird diversity is best explained by a multivariate model including significant negative correlations with % building and grass cover, and positive correlations with interactions between irrigation intensity, median family income, and grass height. We discuss implications of our findings for urban water management policies in general, and for Fresno’s planned switch to metering water use in 2013. Ecological theory, conservation, and urban policy all benefit if we recognize cities as coupled socioecological systems. DA - 2010/1/7/ PY - 2010/1/7/ DO - 10.1038/npre.2010.4138.1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Incomplete Demand Systems, Corner Solutions, and Welfare Measurement AU - von Haefen, Roger H. T2 - Agricultural and Resource Economics Review AB - This paper demonstrates how corner solutions raise difficulties for the specification, estimation, and use of incomplete demand systems for welfare measurement with disaggregate consumption data, as is common in the outdoor recreation literature. A simple analytical model of consumer behavior is used to elucidate the potential biases for welfare measurement arising from modeling the demand for M goods as a function of M + N prices ( N > 1) and income when individuals do not consume all goods in strictly positive quantities. Results from a Monte Carlo experiment suggest that these biases can be substantial for large-scale policy shocks when prices are highly correlated. DA - 2010/2// PY - 2010/2// DO - 10.1017/s1068280500001805 VL - 39 IS - 1 SP - 22-36 J2 - Agric. resour. econ. rev. LA - en OP - SN - 1068-2805 2372-2614 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500001805 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Subsidies for Rubber: Conserving Rainforests While Sustaining Livelihoods in the Amazon? AU - Sills, Erin AU - Saha, Shubhayu T2 - Journal of Sustainable Forestry AB - Extractive reserves in the Brazilian Amazon are one of the best-known examples of protected areas specifically designed to be inhabited by humans. The extractive reserve model has been criticized for its dependence on rubber tapping, which is no longer economically competitive. The state of Acre addressed this issue in 1999 by establishing a subsidy for rubber, designed to improve the quality of life of rubber tappers and simultaneously conserve forest. The subsidy is potentially a self-targeting and self-enforcing conservation mechanism, given that rubber production in the Amazon requires intact native forest. However, evidence on implementation of the subsidy through 2002 showed that its distribution had been fairly concentrated and correlated with ownership and sale of cattle. This raises some concerns about the use of such indirect mechanisms. The ultimate success or failure of the rubber program will depend on whether it provides a platform for more sustainable economic strategies and policies. DA - 2010/5/28/ PY - 2010/5/28/ DO - 10.1080/10549810903543907 VL - 29 IS - 2-4 SP - 152-173 J2 - Journal of Sustainable Forestry LA - en OP - SN - 1054-9811 1540-756X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10549810903543907 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mine over matter? Health, wealth and forests in a mining area of Orissa AU - Pattanayak, Subhrendu AU - Saha, Shubhayu AU - Sahu, Pravash AU - Sills, Erin AU - Singha, Ashok AU - Yang, JuiChen T2 - Indian Growth and Development Review AB - Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether mining can serve as a pathway for economic development despite the environmental externalities. The extensive literature on the “resource curse” phenomenon at the national level generally finds that economic dependence on mineral resources is associated with lower levels of economic growth. This paper shows that further insight can be obtained by studying micro‐level resource curse because of heterogeneity in institutions, natural resources and economic behaviors. Design/methodology/approach The paper empirically tests the resource curse hypothesis with data from a stratified random sample of 600 households in 20 villages in the mining district of Keonjhar, Orissa. Household surveys were used to collect data on demography, forest dependence, health and household economics. Using geographical information system (GIS), the household data were integrated with secondary spatial data on land cover and location of mines to construct multiple measures of exposure to iron ore mines. Findings Microeconometric models demonstrate the multi‐faceted nature of the relationships between mine exposure, forest resources and human welfare. Households closer to mines experience higher incidences of many illnesses, rank lower on indicators of human development and own fewer production assets. They also derive fewer forest benefits because forests are more degraded and less accessible in villages closer to mines. Originality/value This analysis remains timely because of on‐going violent conflicts and concern over negative impacts on the welfare of rural populations in the mining areas of India, which is consistent with the notion of a resource curse. The paper's findings on the magnitude of negative impacts can inform the policy discourse (e.g. benefits sharing schemes) related to mining‐led growth. DA - 2010/9/28/ PY - 2010/9/28/ DO - 10.1108/17538251011084473 VL - 3 IS - 2 SP - 166-185 J2 - Indian Growth and Dev Review LA - en OP - SN - 1753-8254 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17538251011084473 DB - Crossref KW - Mining industry KW - Forests KW - Natural resources KW - Econometrics KW - Social welfare economics KW - India ER - TY - JOUR TI - Modelling seasonality and viral mutation to predict the course of an influenza pandemic AU - Shi, P. AU - Keskinocak, P. AU - Swann, J. L. AU - Lee, B. Y. T2 - Epidemiology and Infection AB - As the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic (H1N1) has shown, public health decision-makers may have to predict the subsequent course and severity of a pandemic. We developed an agent-based simulation model and used data from the state of Georgia to explore the influence of viral mutation and seasonal effects on the course of an influenza pandemic. We showed that when a pandemic begins in April certain conditions can lead to a second wave in autumn (e.g. the degree of seasonality exceeding 0.30, or the daily rate of immunity loss exceeding 1% per day). Moreover, certain combinations of seasonality and mutation variables reproduced three-wave epidemic curves. Our results may offer insights to public health officials on how to predict the subsequent course of an epidemic or pandemic based on early and emerging viral and epidemic characteristics and what data may be important to gather. DA - 2010/2/17/ PY - 2010/2/17/ DO - 10.1017/s0950268810000300 VL - 138 IS - 10 SP - 1472-1481 J2 - Epidemiol. Infect. LA - en OP - SN - 0950-2688 1469-4409 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268810000300 DB - Crossref KW - Influenza KW - pandemic KW - public health ER - TY - JOUR TI - Rhinitis Associated with Pesticide Use Among Private Pesticide Applicators in the Agricultural Health Study AU - Slager, Rebecca E. AU - Simpson, Sean L. AU - LeVan, Tricia D. AU - Poole, Jill A. AU - Sandler, Dale P. AU - Hoppin, Jane A. T2 - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A AB - Farmers commonly experience rhinitis but the risk factors are not well characterized. The aim of this study was to analyze cross-sectional data on rhinitis in the past year and pesticide use from 21,958 Iowa and North Carolina farmers in the Agricultural Health Study, enrolled 1993–1997, to evaluate pesticide predictors of rhinitis. Polytomous and logistic regression models were used to assess association between pesticide use and rhinitis while controlling for demographics and farm-related exposures. Sixty-seven percent of farmers reported current rhinitis and 39% reported 3 or more rhinitis episodes. The herbicides glyphosate [odds ratio (OR) = 1.09, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.05–1.13] and petroleum oil (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.05–1.19) were associated with current rhinitis and increased rhinitis episodes. Of the insecticides, four organophosphates (chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dichlorvos, and malathion), carbaryl, and use of permethrin on animals were predictors of current rhinitis. Diazinon was significant in the overall polytomous model and was associated with an elevated OR of 13+ rhinitis episodes (13+ episodes OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.09–1.38). The fungicide captan was also a significant predictor of rhinitis. Use of petroleum oil, use of malathion, use of permethrin, and use of the herbicide metolachlor were significant in exposure-response polytomous models. Specific pesticides may contribute to rhinitis in farmers; agricultural activities did not explain these findings. DA - 2010/8/31/ PY - 2010/8/31/ DO - 10.1080/15287394.2010.497443 VL - 73 IS - 20 SP - 1382-1393 J2 - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A LA - en OP - SN - 1528-7394 1087-2620 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2010.497443 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pesticide Use and Thyroid Disease Among Women in the Agricultural Health Study AU - Goldner, W. S. AU - Sandler, D. P. AU - Yu, F. AU - Hoppin, J. A. AU - Kamel, F. AU - LeVan, T. D. T2 - American Journal of Epidemiology AB - Thyroid disease is common, and evidence of an association between organochlorine exposure and thyroid disease is increasing. The authors examined the cross-sectional association between ever use of organochlorines and risk of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism among female spouses (n = 16,529) in Iowa and North Carolina enrolled in the Agricultural Health Study in 1993–1997. They also assessed risk of thyroid disease in relation to ever use of herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, and fumigants. Prevalence of self-reported clinically diagnosed thyroid disease was 12.5%, and prevalence of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism was 6.9% and 2.1%, respectively. There was an increased odds of hypothyroidism with ever use of organochlorine insecticides (adjusted odds ratio (ORadj) = 1.2 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0, 1.6) and fungicides (ORadj = 1.4 (95% CI: 1.1, 1.8) but no association with ever use of herbicides, fumigants, organophosphates, pyrethroids, or carbamates. Specifically, ever use of the organochlorine chlordane (ORadj = 1.3 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.7), the fungicides benomyl (ORadj = 3.1 (95% CI: 1.9, 5.1) and maneb/mancozeb (ORadj = 2.2 (95% CI: 1.5, 3.3), and the herbicide paraquat (ORadj = 1.8 (95% CI: 1.1, 2.8) was significantly associated with hypothyroidism. Maneb/mancozeb was the only pesticide associated with both hyperthyroidism (ORadj = 2.3 (95% CI: 1.2, 4.4) and hypothyroidism. These data support a role of organochlorines, in addition to fungicides, in the etiology of thyroid disease among female spouses enrolled in the Agricultural Health Study. DA - 2010/1/8/ PY - 2010/1/8/ DO - 10.1093/aje/kwp404 VL - 171 IS - 4 SP - 455-464 J2 - American Journal of Epidemiology LA - en OP - SN - 0002-9262 1476-6256 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwp404 DB - Crossref KW - agriculture KW - environmental exposure KW - hyperthyroidism KW - hypothyroidism KW - pesticides KW - thyroid gland ER - TY - JOUR TI - Within-person variability in urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations: Measurements from specimens after long-term frozen storage AU - Baird, D.D. AU - Saldana, T.M. AU - Nepomnaschy, P.A. AU - Hoppin, J.A. AU - Longnecker, M.P. AU - Weinberg, C.R. AU - Wilcox, A.J. T2 - Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology AB - Laboratory studies show that exposure to phthalates during development can cause adverse effects, especially for males. Studies in humans would be facilitated by collection of urine during pregnancy, long-term storage, and measurement of phthalate metabolites at the time that offspring health is assessed. Our aims were to measure urinary phthalate metabolites after long-term freezer storage, to use those measurements to evaluate within-woman variability over 2- and 4-week intervals, and to determine whether the phases of the menstrual cycle affect metabolite levels. Samples were selected from daily first-morning urine specimens collected by 60 women and stored frozen since 1983-1985. Three specimens per woman were selected at approximately 2-week intervals to include both follicular and luteal phase samples. Seven metabolites of five phthalates were measured by mass spectrometry. Statistical analyses were conducted with correlation, mixed model regression, and the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Creatinine-corrected urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations measured in samples after long-term storage tended to have a similar right-skewed distribution, though with somewhat higher concentrations than those reported for recently collected US samples. The concentrations of three metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in the same specimen were very highly correlated (Pearson r=0.85-0.97). Reproducibility over a 4-week interval was moderate for the metabolites of diethyl phthalate and benzylbutyl phthalate (intraclass correlation coefficients, ICCs, 0.48 and 0.53, respectively), whereas five other metabolites had lower ICCs (0.21-0.37). Menstrual phase was not related to metabolite concentrations. Although the same samples have not been measured both before and after long-term storage, results suggest that the measurement of phthalate metabolites after long-term sample storage yield generally similar distributions and temporal reliability as those reported for recently collected specimens. These findings support the use of stored urine specimens collected during the relevant stage of human pregnancy to investigate the influence of phthalate exposures on later outcomes. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// DO - 10.1038/jes.2009.17 VL - 20 IS - 2 SP - 169-175 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77149123374&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - biomarker KW - phthalate KW - reproducibility KW - menstrual cycle KW - temporal variability ER - TY - JOUR TI - Urinary biomarker, dermal, and air measurement results for 2,4-D and chlorpyrifos farm applicators in the Agricultural Health Study AU - Thomas, K.W. AU - Dosemeci, M. AU - Hoppin, J.A. AU - Sheldon, L.S. AU - Croghan, C.W. AU - Gordon, S.M. AU - Jones, M.L. AU - Reynolds, S.J. AU - Raymer, J.H. AU - Akland, G.G. AU - Lynch, C.F. AU - Knott, C.E. AU - Sandler, D.P. AU - Blair, A.E. AU - Alavanja, M.C. T2 - Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology AB - A subset of private pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS) epidemiological cohort was monitored around the time of their agricultural use of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and O,O-diethyl-O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate (chlorpyrifos) to assess exposure levels and potential determinants of exposure. Measurements included pre- and post-application urine samples, and patch, hand wipe, and personal air samples. Boom spray or hand spray application methods were used by applicators for 2,4-D products. Chlorpyrifos products were applied using spray applications and in-furrow application of granular products. Geometric mean (GM) values for 69 2,4-D applicators were 7.8 and 25 μg/l in pre- and post-application urine, respectively (P<0.05 for difference); 0.39 mg for estimated hand loading; 2.9 mg for estimated body loading; and 0.37 μg/m3 for concentration in personal air. Significant correlations were found between all media for 2,4-D. GM values for 17 chlorpyrifos applicators were 11 μg/l in both pre- and post-application urine for the 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol metabolite, 0.28 mg for body loading, and 0.49 μg/m3 for air concentration. Only 53% of the chlorpyrifos applicators had measurable hand loading results; their median hand loading being 0.02 mg. Factors associated with differences in 2,4-D measurements included application method and glove use, and, for hand spray applicators, use of adjuvants, equipment repair, duration of use, and contact with treated vegetation. Spray applications of liquid chlorpyrifos products were associated with higher measurements than in-furrow granular product applications. This study provides information on exposures and possible exposure determinants for several application methods commonly used by farmers in the cohort and will provide information to assess and refine exposure classification in the AHS. Results may also be of use in pesticide safety education for reducing exposures to pesticide applicators. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// DO - 10.1038/jes.2009.6 VL - 20 IS - 2 SP - 119-134 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77149160114&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - 2,4-D KW - chlorpyrifos KW - exposure measurement KW - farm applicator KW - occupational exposure KW - Agricultural Health Study ER - TY - JOUR TI - Occupational exposure to terbufos and the incidence of cancer in the Agricultural Health Study AU - Bonner, Matthew R. AU - Williams, Brent A. AU - Rusiecki, Jennifer A. AU - Blair, Aaron AU - Beane Freeman, Laura E. AU - Hoppin, Jane A. AU - Dosemeci, Mustafa AU - Lubin, Jay AU - Sandler, Dale P. AU - Alavanja, Michael C. R. T2 - Cancer Causes & Control AB - Terbufos is the fourth most commonly used organophosphate insecticide (OP) in the United States. Terbufos has not been demonstrated to be carcinogenic in rodents, although non-arsenical insecticides, including OPs, have been associated with excess cancer in epidemiologic studies. We investigated associations between use of terbufos and the incidence of cancer.The Agricultural Health Study is a prospective cohort study of 57,310 licensed pesticide applicators from Iowa and North Carolina. Detailed information about 50 pesticides, including terbufos, and potential confounders was obtained from self-administered questionnaires. Terbufos intensity-weighted lifetime exposure-days were defined as (lifetime exposure-days) x (exposure intensity score). Cases include all first primary cancers diagnosed between enrollment and December 31, 2005. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CI were calculated with Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for potential confounders.Overall cancer risk was slightly increased among terbufos users [HR 1.21 (1.06-1.37)]. Suggestive associations were observed between terbufos use and cancers of the prostate (HR(highest tertile) = 1.21; 95% CI = 0.99-1.47) and lung (HR(middle tertile) = 1.45; 95% CI = 0.95-2.22) and leukemia (HR(middle tertile) = 2.38; 95% CI = 1.35-4.21) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (HR(middle tertile) = 1.94; 95% CI = 1.16-3.22), although the exposure-response gradients were non-monotonic and p for trends were not significant.We found suggestive associations between occupational terbufos use and several cancer sites. However, cautious interpretation of these results is warranted by the lack of existing experimental and epidemiologic evidence to support carcinogenic effects of terbufos. DA - 2010/2/13/ PY - 2010/2/13/ DO - 10.1007/s10552-010-9514-9 VL - 21 IS - 6 SP - 871-877 J2 - Cancer Causes Control LA - en OP - SN - 0957-5243 1573-7225 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10552-010-9514-9 DB - Crossref KW - Cancer incidence KW - Terbufos KW - Organophosphate insecticides ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pesticide Use and Myocardial Infarction Incidence Among Farm Women in the Agricultural Health Study AU - Dayton, Shile B. AU - Sandler, Dale P. AU - Blair, Aaron AU - Alavanja, Michael AU - Beane Freeman, Laura E. AU - Hoppin, Jane A. T2 - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine AB - Objective: To evaluate the relationship between pesticide use and myocardial infarction (MI) among farm women. Background: Little is known about the potential association between pesticide use and cardiovascular outcomes. Methods: We used logistic regression to evaluate pesticide use and self-reported incident nonfatal MI among women in the Agricultural Health Study. Results: Of those MI-free at enrollment (n = 22,425), 168 reported an MI after enrollment. We saw no association with pesticide use overall. Six of 27 individual pesticides evaluated were significantly associated with nonfatal MI, including chlorpyrifos, coumaphos, carbofuran, metalaxyl, pendimethalin, and trifluralin, which all had odds ratios >1.7. These chemicals were used by <10% of the cases, and their use was correlated, making it difficult to attribute the risk elevation to a specific pesticide. Conclusion: Pesticides may contribute to MI risk among farm women. DA - 2010/7// PY - 2010/7// DO - 10.1097/JOM.0b013e3181e66d25 VL - 52 IS - 7 SP - 693-697 J2 - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine LA - en OP - SN - 1076-2752 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0b013e3181e66d25 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pesticide Use Modifies the Association Between Genetic Variants on Chromosome 8q24 and Prostate Cancer AU - Koutros, S. AU - Beane Freeman, L. E. AU - Berndt, S. I. AU - Andreotti, G. AU - Lubin, J. H. AU - Sandler, D. P. AU - Hoppin, J. A. AU - Yu, K. AU - Li, Q. AU - Burdette, L. A. AU - Yuenger, J. AU - Yeager, M. AU - Alavanja, M. C. R. T2 - Cancer Research AB - Genome-wide association studies have identified 8q24 region variants as risk factors for prostate cancer. In the Agricultural Health Study, a prospective study of licensed pesticide applicators, we observed increased prostate cancer risk with specific pesticide use among those with a family history of prostate cancer. Thus, we evaluated the interaction among pesticide use, 8q24 variants, and prostate cancer risk. The authors estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for interactions among 211 8q24 variants, 49 pesticides, and prostate cancer risk in 776 cases and 1,444 controls. The ORs for a previously identified variant, rs4242382, and prostate cancer increased significantly (P<0.05) with exposure to the organophosphate insecticide fonofos, after correction for multiple testing, with per allele ORnonexposed of 1.17 (95% CI, 0.93-1.48), per allele OR(low) of 1.30 (95% CI, 0.75-2.27), and per allele ORhigh of 4.46 (95% CI, 2.17-9.17; P-interaction=0.002, adjusted P-interaction=0.02). A similar effect modification was observed for three other organophosphate insecticides (coumaphos, terbufos, and phorate) and one pyrethroid insecticide (permethrin). Among ever users of fonofos, subjects with three or four risk alleles at rs7837328 and rs4242382 had approximately three times the risk of prostate cancer (OR, 3.14; 95% CI, 1.41-7.00) compared with subjects who had zero risk alleles and never used fonofos. We observed a significant interaction among variants on chromosome 8q24, pesticide use, and risk of prostate cancer. Insecticides, particularly organophosphates, were the strongest modifiers of risk, although the biological mechanism is unclear. This is the first report of effect modification between 8q24 and an environmental exposure on prostate cancer risk. DA - 2010/10/26/ PY - 2010/10/26/ DO - 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-1078 VL - 70 IS - 22 SP - 9224-9233 J2 - Cancer Research LA - en OP - SN - 0008-5472 1538-7445 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-1078 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Coumaphos Exposure and Incident Cancer among Male Participants in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS) AU - Christensen, Carol H. AU - Platz, Elizabeth A. AU - Andreotti, Gabriella AU - Blair, Aaron AU - Hoppin, Jane A. AU - Koutros, Stella AU - Lynch, Charles F. AU - Sandler, Dale P. AU - Alavanja, Michael C.R. T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives AB - BackgroundCoumaphos is an organophosphate livestock insecticide. Previous research in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS) cohort observed a positive association between coumaphos and prostate cancer in men with a family history of prostate cancer.ObjectivesThis study was performed to determine the association between coumaphos and other major cancer sites and to explore the consistency of the association with prostate cancer early (1993–1999) and later (2000–2005) in AHS follow-up.MethodsThis study included 47,822 male licensed pesticide applicators. Incident cases were ascertained by linkage to state cancer registries, and exposure data were collected by enrollment questionnaire. Poisson regression was used to estimate rate ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of cancer for coumaphos exposure controlling for potentially confounding variables.ResultsApproximately 8% of applicators reported use of coumaphos; 8.5% reported a family history of prostate cancer. Cumulative exposure to coumaphos was not associated with cancer risk overall or with any major cancer site including prostate. In men with a family history of prostate cancer, we observed a positive association between ever use of coumaphos and prostate cancer in both early (RR = 2.07; 95% CI, 1.19–3.62, p-interaction = 0.005) and later (RR = 1.46; 95% CI, 0.89–2.40; p-interaction = 0.11) periods of follow-up. Across all years, this association was statistically significant (RR = 1.65; 95% CI, 1.13–2.38; p-interaction = 0.004).ConclusionCoumaphos was not associated with any cancer evaluated here. In men with a family history of disease, there was evidence of an association between coumaphos and prostate cancer, possibly due to genetic susceptibility; however, other explanations, including chance, are plausible. DA - 2010/1// PY - 2010/1// DO - 10.1289/ehp.0800446 VL - 118 IS - 1 SP - 92-96 J2 - Environmental Health Perspectives LA - en OP - SN - 0091-6765 1552-9924 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0800446 DB - Crossref KW - agriculture KW - cancer KW - coumaphos KW - insecticide KW - livestock KW - neoplasms KW - occupational exposure KW - organophosphate KW - pesticide KW - prostate ER - TY - JOUR TI - Maternal Pesticide Use and Birth Weight in the Agricultural Health Study AU - Sathyanarayana, Sheela AU - Basso, Olga AU - Karr, Catherine J. AU - Lozano, Paula AU - Alavanja, Michael AU - Sandler, Dale P. AU - Hoppin, Jane A. T2 - Journal of Agromedicine AB - ABSTRACT Studies examining the association between maternal pesticide exposure and low birth weight yield conflicting results. The authors examined the association between maternal pesticide use and birth weight among women in the Agricultural Health Study, a large study of pesticide applicators and their spouses in Iowa and North Carolina. The authors evaluated self-reported pesticide use of 27 individual pesticides in relation to birth weight among 2246 farm women whose most recent singleton birth occurred within 5 years of enrollment (1993–1997). The authors used linear regression models adjusted for site, preterm birth, medical parity, maternal body mass index, height, and smoking. The results showed that mean infant birth weight was 3586 g (± 546 g), and 3% of the infants were low birth weight (<2500 g). First-trimester pesticide-related tasks were not associated with birth weight. Ever use of the pesticide carbaryl was associated with decreased birth weight (−82 g, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −132, −31). This study thus provides limited evidence about pesticide use as a modulator of birth weight. Overall, the authors observed no associations between birth weight and pesticide-related activities during early pregnancy; however, the authors have no data on temporal specificity of individual pesticide exposures prior to or during pregnancy and therefore cannot draw conclusions related to these exposure windows. Given the widespread exposure to pesticide products, additional evaluation of maternal pregnancy exposures at specific time windows and subsequent birth outcomes is warranted. DA - 2010/3/31/ PY - 2010/3/31/ DO - 10.1080/10599241003622699 VL - 15 IS - 2 SP - 127-136 J2 - Journal of Agromedicine LA - en OP - SN - 1059-924X 1545-0813 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10599241003622699 DB - Crossref KW - Agricultural exposures KW - birth weight KW - carbaryl KW - pesticides KW - reproductive epidemiology ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of self-reported health conditions and pesticide exposures on probability Of Follow-Up in a prospective cohort study AU - Montgomery, M.P. AU - Kamel, F. AU - Hoppin, J.A. AU - Freeman, L.E.B. AU - Alavanja, M.C.R. AU - Sandler, D.P. T2 - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AB - Abstract Background We investigated the potential for selection bias due to non‐participation in the follow‐up of a large prospective cohort study. Methods Licensed pesticide applicators (52,395 private; 4,916 commercial) in the Agricultural Health Study provided demographic, health, and pesticide exposure information at enrollment (1993–1997) and in a 5‐year follow‐up telephone interview. Factors associated with non‐participation in the follow‐up were identified using multiple logistic regression. Potential for selection bias was evaluated by comparing exposure–disease associations between the entire cohort and the follow‐up subset. Results Sixty‐six percent of private and 60% of commercial applicators completed the follow‐up interview. Private and commercial applicators who did not complete the follow‐up reported at enrollment younger age, less education, lower body mass index, poorer health behaviors but fewer health conditions, and lower pesticide use. Estimates of exposure–disease associations calculated with and without non‐participants did not indicate strong selection bias. Conclusions Differences between non‐participants and participants in the follow‐up interview were generally small, and we did not find significant evidence of selection bias. However, the extent of bias may depend on the specific exposure and outcome under study. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:486–496, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// DO - 10.1002/ajim.20789 VL - 53 IS - 5 SP - 486-496 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77951466590&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - selection bias KW - follow-up studies KW - prospective studies KW - cohort studies KW - pesticides KW - agriculture ER - TY - JOUR TI - Identification of Iowa Live Births in the Agricultural Health Study AU - Romitti, Paul A. AU - Watanabe-Galloway, Shinobu AU - Budelier, William T. AU - Lynch, Charles F. AU - Puzhankara, Soman AU - Wong-Gibbons, Donna AU - Hoppin, Jane A. AU - Alavanja, Michael C. R. T2 - Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health AB - ABSTRACT In the Agricultural Health Study, information on participant live births was largely provided by female partners of male private applicators. At the Iowa site, such information was available for 13,599 (42.9%) of 31,707 applicators. To improve identification of live births among Iowa participants, we used a probabilistic and deterministic approach to link available demographic data from 31,707 households and information on live births from 13,599 households with 1,014,916 Iowa birth certificates. Record linkage identified 16,611 (93.7%) of 17,719 reported live births and 17,883 additional live births, most (14,411 or 80.6%) not reported due to nonresponse by female partners. This record linkage produced an expanded cohort of live-born children among Iowa participants, which will facilitate improved study of the effects of agricultural exposures, including pesticides, on selected birth outcomes and childhood disease. DA - 2010/7/30/ PY - 2010/7/30/ DO - 10.1080/19338241003730903 VL - 65 IS - 3 SP - 154-162 J2 - Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health LA - en OP - SN - 1933-8244 2154-4700 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19338241003730903 DB - Crossref KW - children KW - occupational exposures KW - pesticides KW - pregnancy KW - prospective cohort ER - TY - JOUR TI - Body mass index, effect modifiers, and risk of pancreatic cancer: a pooled study of seven prospective cohorts AU - Jiao, Li AU - Berrington de Gonzalez, Amy AU - Hartge, Patricia AU - Pfeiffer, Ruth M. AU - Park, Yikyung AU - Freedman, D. Michal AU - Gail, Mitchell H. AU - Alavanja, Michael C. R. AU - Albanes, Demetrius AU - Beane Freeman, Laura E. AU - Chow, Wong-Ho AU - Huang, Wen-Yi AU - Hayes, Richard B. AU - Hoppin, Jane A. AU - Ji, Bu-tian AU - Leitzmann, Michael F. AU - Linet, Martha S. AU - Meinhold, Cari L. AU - Schairer, Catherine AU - Schatzkin, Arthur AU - Virtamo, Jarmo AU - Weinstein, Stephanie J. AU - Zheng, Wei AU - Stolzenberg-Solomon, Rachael Z. T2 - Cancer Causes & Control AB - To investigate whether the positive association of body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) with risk of pancreatic cancer is modified by age, sex, smoking status, physical activity, and history of diabetes. In a pooled analysis of primary data of seven prospective cohorts including 458,070 men and 485,689 women, we identified 2,454 patients with incident pancreatic cancer during an average 6.9 years of follow-up. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used in data analysis. In a random-effects meta-analysis, for every 5 kg/m2 increment in BMI, the summary relative risk (RR) was 1.06 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.99–1.13) for men and 1.12 (95% CI 1.05–1.19) for women. The aggregate analysis showed that compared with normal weight (BMI: 18.5 to <25), the adjusted RR was 1.13 (95% CI 1.03–1.23) for overweight (BMI: 25 to <30) and 1.19 (95% CI 1.05–1.35) for obesity class I (BMI: 30 to <35). Tests of interactions of BMI effects by other risk factors were not statistically significant. Every 5 kg/m2 increment in BMI was associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer among never and former smokers, but not among current smokers (P-interaction = 0.08). The present evidence suggests that a high BMI is an independent risk factor of pancreatic cancer. DA - 2010/4/10/ PY - 2010/4/10/ DO - 10.1007/s10552-010-9558-x VL - 21 IS - 8 SP - 1305-1314 J2 - Cancer Causes Control LA - en OP - SN - 0957-5243 1573-7225 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10552-010-9558-x DB - Crossref KW - Pancreatic cancer KW - Body mass index KW - Pooled analysis KW - Prospective cohort KW - Effect modification ER - TY - JOUR TI - Assessment of a pesticide exposure intensity algorithm in the agricultural health study AU - Thomas, K.W. AU - Dosemeci, M. AU - Coble, J.B. AU - Hoppin, J.A. AU - Sheldon, L.S. AU - Chapa, G. AU - Croghan, C.W. AU - Jones, P.A. AU - Knott, C.E. AU - Lynch, C.F. AU - Sandler, D.P. AU - Blair, A.E. AU - Alavanja, M.C. T2 - Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology AB - The accuracy of the exposure assessment is a critical factor in epidemiological investigations of pesticide exposures and health in agricultural populations. However, few studies have been conducted to evaluate questionnaire-based exposure metrics. The Agricultural Health Study (AHS) is a prospective cohort study of pesticide applicators who provided detailed questionnaire information on their use of specific pesticides. A field study was conducted for a subset of the applicators enrolled in the AHS to assess a pesticide exposure algorithm through comparison of algorithm intensity scores with measured exposures. Pre- and post-application urinary biomarker measurements were made for 2,4-D (n=69) and chlorpyrifos (n=17) applicators. Dermal patch, hand wipe, and personal air samples were also collected. Intensity scores were calculated using information from technician observations and an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Correlations between observer and questionnaire intensity scores were high (Spearman's r=0.92 and 0.84 for 2,4-D and chlorpyrifos, respectively). Intensity scores from questionnaires for individual applications were significantly correlated with post-application urinary concentrations for both 2,4-D (r=0.42, P<0.001) and chlorpyrifos (r=0.53, P=0.035) applicators. Significant correlations were also found between intensity scores and estimated hand loading, estimated body loading, and air concentrations for 2,4-D applicators (r-values 0.28–0.50, P-values<0.025). Correlations between intensity scores and dermal and air measures were generally lower for chlorpyrifos applicators using granular products. A linear regression model indicated that the algorithm factors for individual applications explained 24% of the variability in post-application urinary 2,4-D concentration, which increased to 60% when the pre-application urine concentration was included. The results of the measurements support the use of the algorithm for estimating questionnaire-based exposure intensities in the AHS for liquid pesticide products. Refinement of the algorithm may be possible using the results from this and other measurement studies. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// DO - 10.1038/jes.2009.54 VL - 20 IS - 6 SP - 559-569 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-79958744804&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - 2,4-D KW - chlorpyrifos KW - exposure measurement KW - occupational exposure KW - Agricultural Health Study ER - TY - JOUR TI - Body mass index, agricultural pesticide use, and cancer incidence in the Agricultural Health Study cohort AU - Andreotti, Gabriella AU - Hou, Lifang AU - Beane Freeman, Laura E. AU - Mahajan, Rajeev AU - Koutros, Stella AU - Coble, Joseph AU - Lubin, Jay AU - Blair, Aaron AU - Hoppin, Jane A. AU - Alavanja, Michael T2 - Cancer Causes & Control AB - Obesity is associated with increased risks of several cancers including colon and female breast. Pesticide use in agricultural populations has also been linked with higher risks of various cancers. However, the interaction between obesity and pesticide use on cancer risk has not been well studied. Using data from the Agricultural Health Study, we examined the association between body mass index (BMI) and the risk of cancer at 17 sites and the interaction between BMI and pesticide use. Pesticide applicators residing in Iowa and North Carolina and their spouses were enrolled between 1993 and 1997 and given a self-administered questionnaire to obtain pesticide use and other information. This analysis included 39,628 men and 28,319 women with height and weight data who were cancer-free at enrollment. Among these participants, 4,432 were diagnosed with cancer between enrollment and 2005 and 64% were overweight or obese. BMI (per 1 kg/m(2)) was positively associated with colon cancer in men (hazard ratio (HR) 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.09) and breast cancer in postmenopausal women (HR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.06). In contrast, BMI was inversely associated with lung cancer in men, with a significant association in ever smokers (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.88-0.97) and a null association in never smokers. The positive association between BMI and colon cancer in men was significant in those who ever used carbofuran (HR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.04-1.17; p-interaction = 0.04) or metolachlor (HR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.04-1.15; p-interaction = 0.02) but was null in non-users of these pesticides. Among male ever smokers, the inverse association between BMI and lung cancer was significant in non-users of carbofuran (HR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.82-0.92) but was null in users of carbofuran (p-interaction = 0.02). These findings suggest that certain pesticides may modify the effects of BMI on the risks of colon and lung cancers. DA - 2010/8/22/ PY - 2010/8/22/ DO - 10.1007/s10552-010-9603-9 VL - 21 IS - 11 SP - 1759-1775 J2 - Cancer Causes Control LA - en OP - SN - 0957-5243 1573-7225 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10552-010-9603-9 DB - Crossref KW - Obesity KW - Body mass index KW - Pesticides KW - Cancer KW - Agriculture ER - TY - JOUR TI - An Update of Cancer Incidence in the Agricultural Health Study AU - Koutros, Stella AU - Alavanja, Michael C.R. AU - Lubin, Jay H. AU - Sandler, Dale P. AU - Hoppin, Jane A. AU - Lynch, Charles F. AU - Knott, Charles AU - Blair, Aaron AU - Freeman, Laura E. Beane T2 - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine AB - Our objective is to reevaluate cancer incidence among Agricultural Health Study participants.Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and relative standardized ratios were calculated.A significant excess of prostate cancer was seen for private and commercial applicators (SIR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.14, 1.25 and SIR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.00, 1.61, respectively). Excesses were observed for lip cancer (SIR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.02, 3.44) and multiple myeloma (SIR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.00, 1.95) among private applicators from North Carolina and for marginal zone lymphoma among Iowa spouses (SIR = 2.34, 95% CI = 1.21, 4.09).Although lower rates of smoking and increased physical activity probably contribute to the lower overall cancer incidence, agricultural exposures including pesticides, viruses, bacteria, sunlight, and other chemicals may increase risks for specific cancer sites. DA - 2010/11// PY - 2010/11// DO - 10.1097/JOM.0b013e3181f72b7c VL - 52 IS - 11 SP - 1098-1105 J2 - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine LA - en OP - SN - 1076-2752 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0b013e3181f72b7c DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Body-Mass Index and Mortality among 1.46 Million White Adults AU - Berrington de Gonzalez, Amy AU - Hartge, Patricia AU - Cerhan, James R. AU - Flint, Alan J. AU - Hannan, Lindsay AU - MacInnis, Robert J. AU - Moore, Steven C. AU - Tobias, Geoffrey S. AU - Anton-Culver, Hoda AU - Freeman, Laura Beane AU - Beeson, W. Lawrence AU - Clipp, Sandra L. AU - English, Dallas R. AU - Folsom, Aaron R. AU - Freedman, D. Michal AU - Giles, Graham AU - Hakansson, Niclas AU - Henderson, Katherine D. AU - Hoffman-Bolton, Judith AU - Hoppin, Jane A. AU - Koenig, Karen L. AU - Lee, I-Min AU - Linet, Martha S. AU - Park, Yikyung AU - Pocobelli, Gaia AU - Schatzkin, Arthur AU - Sesso, Howard D. AU - Weiderpass, Elisabete AU - Willcox, Bradley J. AU - Wolk, Alicja AU - Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne AU - Willett, Walter C. AU - Thun, Michael J. T2 - New England Journal of Medicine AB - A high body-mass index (BMI, the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) is associated with increased mortality from cardiovascular disease and certain cancers, but the precise relationship between BMI and all-cause mortality remains uncertain.We used Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for an association between BMI and all-cause mortality, adjusting for age, study, physical activity, alcohol consumption, education, and marital status in pooled data from 19 prospective studies encompassing 1.46 million white adults, 19 to 84 years of age (median, 58).The median baseline BMI was 26.2. During a median follow-up period of 10 years (range, 5 to 28), 160,087 deaths were identified. Among healthy participants who never smoked, there was a J-shaped relationship between BMI and all-cause mortality. With a BMI of 22.5 to 24.9 as the reference category, hazard ratios among women were 1.47 (95 percent confidence interval [CI], 1.33 to 1.62) for a BMI of 15.0 to 18.4; 1.14 (95% CI, 1.07 to 1.22) for a BMI of 18.5 to 19.9; 1.00 (95% CI, 0.96 to 1.04) for a BMI of 20.0 to 22.4; 1.13 (95% CI, 1.09 to 1.17) for a BMI of 25.0 to 29.9; 1.44 (95% CI, 1.38 to 1.50) for a BMI of 30.0 to 34.9; 1.88 (95% CI, 1.77 to 2.00) for a BMI of 35.0 to 39.9; and 2.51 (95% CI, 2.30 to 2.73) for a BMI of 40.0 to 49.9. In general, the hazard ratios for the men were similar. Hazard ratios for a BMI below 20.0 were attenuated with longer-term follow-up.In white adults, overweight and obesity (and possibly underweight) are associated with increased all-cause mortality. All-cause mortality is generally lowest with a BMI of 20.0 to 24.9. DA - 2010/12/2/ PY - 2010/12/2/ DO - 10.1056/NEJMoa1000367 VL - 363 IS - 23 SP - 2211-2219 J2 - N Engl J Med LA - en OP - SN - 0028-4793 1533-4406 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1000367 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Waffle House Restaurants hurricane response: A case study AB - Natural and man-made disasters present an increasing challenge to the management of supply chains for businesses, governments, and humanitarian response agencies. Sharing best practices enables the continued improvement of processes that can further impact lives and livelihoods in the event of a disaster. This case study highlights the experiences of Waffle House Restaurants, which has been nationally recognized for its response to hurricanes in the United States. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// DO - 10.1016/j.ijpe.2009.08.018 KW - Supply chain management KW - Crisis management KW - Disaster response KW - Case study ER - TY - JOUR TI - The impact of mass gatherings and holiday traveling on the course of an influenza pandemic: a computational model. AU - Shi, P AU - Keskinocak, P AU - Swann, JL AU - Lee, BY T2 - BMC public health AB - During the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic, concerns arose about the potential negative effects of mass public gatherings and travel on the course of the pandemic. Better understanding the potential effects of temporal changes in social mixing patterns could help public officials determine if and when to cancel large public gatherings or enforce regional travel restrictions, advisories, or surveillance during an epidemic.We develop a computer simulation model using detailed data from the state of Georgia to explore how various changes in social mixing and contact patterns, representing mass gatherings and holiday traveling, may affect the course of an influenza pandemic. Various scenarios with different combinations of the length of the mass gatherings or traveling period (range: 0.5 to 5 days), the proportion of the population attending the mass gathering events or on travel (range: 1% to 50%), and the initial reproduction numbers R0 (1.3, 1.5, 1.8) are explored.Mass gatherings that occur within 10 days before the epidemic peak can result in as high as a 10% relative increase in the peak prevalence and the total attack rate, and may have even worse impacts on local communities and travelers' families. Holiday traveling can lead to a second epidemic peak under certain scenarios. Conversely, mass traveling or gatherings may have little effect when occurring much earlier or later than the epidemic peak, e.g., more than 40 days earlier or 20 days later than the peak when the initial R0 = 1.5.Our results suggest that monitoring, postponing, or cancelling large public gatherings may be warranted close to the epidemic peak but not earlier or later during the epidemic. Influenza activity should also be closely monitored for a potential second peak if holiday traveling occurs when prevalence is high. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// DO - 10.1186/1471-2458-10-778 VL - 10 SP - 778 UR - http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/21176155 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Engineering and Science Issues Test (ESIT): a discipline-specific approach to assessing moral judgment. AU - Borenstein, J AU - Drake, MJ AU - Kirkman, R AU - Swann, JL T2 - Science and engineering ethics DA - 2010/6// PY - 2010/6// DO - 10.1007/s11948-009-9148-z VL - 16 IS - 2 SP - 387–407 UR - http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/19597969 KW - Engineering ethics KW - Science ethics KW - Assessment KW - Moral judgment KW - Ethics education ER - TY - JOUR TI - Timing of testing and treatment for asymptomatic diseases. AU - Kirkizlar, E AU - Faissol, DM AU - Griffin, PM AU - Swann, JL T2 - Mathematical biosciences AB - Many papers in the medical literature analyze the cost-effectiveness of screening for diseases by comparing a limited number of a priori testing policies under estimated problem parameters. However, this may be insufficient to determine the best timing of the tests or incorporate changes over time. In this paper, we develop and solve a Markov Decision Process (MDP) model for a simple class of asymptomatic diseases in order to provide the building blocks for analysis of a more general class of diseases. We provide a computationally efficient method for determining a cost-effective dynamic intervention strategy that takes into account (i) the results of the previous test for each individual and (ii) the change in the individual's behavior based on awareness of the disease. We demonstrate the usefulness of the approach by applying the results to screening decisions for Hepatitis C (HCV) using medical data, and compare our findings to current HCV screening recommendations. DA - 2010/7// PY - 2010/7// DO - 10.1016/j.mbs.2010.03.007 VL - 226 IS - 1 SP - 28–37 UR - http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/20361985 KW - Disease modeling KW - Markov decision processes KW - Asymptomatic diseases KW - Disease screening and intervention KW - Hepatitis C ER - TY - CHAP TI - Small-Scale School and Domestic Vermicomposting Systems AU - Sherman, Rhonda AU - Appelhof, Mary T2 - Vermiculture Technology PY - 2010/12/15/ DO - 10.1201/b10453-7 SP - 67-78 OP - PB - CRC Press SN - 9781439809877 9781439809884 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b10453-7 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of interannual climate oscillations on rates of submarine groundwater discharge AU - Anderson, William P., Jr. AU - Emanuel, Ryan E. T2 - Water Resources Research AB - Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is an important component of the coastal hydrologic cycle, affecting mixing and biogeochemistry in the nearshore environment. El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influences rates of precipitation and groundwater recharge in many regions, including barrier islands of the southeastern U.S. coast; however, the influence of ENSO on SGD is poorly understood for this region. Here we investigate the role of ENSO in controlling recharge and SGD at interannual time scales, using modeling results for both real and generic barrier island environments. Results of our 57 year simulations show that the freshwater component of seasonally averaged SGD as well as groundwater discharge velocity, water table elevation, and submarine groundwater recharge are significantly correlated with ENSO for a real barrier island (Hatteras Island, North Carolina) and, under certain conditions, for generics. These correlations persist for lag times as great as 5 months during winter, creating anomalies of up to 35% between El Niño and La Niña conditions and suggesting that both hydrologic cycling and biogeochemical cycling in these systems are significantly influenced by ENSO. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// DO - 10.1029/2009WR008212 VL - 46 IS - 5 UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000277266300006&KeyUID=WOS:000277266300006 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Voices from the Field: Strategies for Enhancing Engineering Programs AU - Borman, Kathryn M. AU - Tyson, Will AU - Whaler, Cassandra Workman T2 - Becoming an Engineer in Public Universities AB - In our concluding chapter, the aim is to make concrete recommendations building from the analyses presented in chapters three to seven in this volume. The goal is to assist undergraduate engineering programs, particularly those located in public universities, in strengthening their departments. The research informing this volume was a multi-disciplinary, mixed-method study which combined qualitative interviews, observations and focus group interviews with quantitative faculty and student surveys. This volume presents primarily qualitative data as interviews with students, faculty, administrators, staff members including counselors and advisors reveal strategies for enhancing undergraduate student experiences as well as revealing reasons why students left engineering. Faculty, administrators, and staff provide testimony based on their experiences with, in some cases, generations of students whose actions may lead to switching from engineering, poor academic performance, and/or delays in degree attainment. PY - 2010/// DO - 10.1057/9780230106826_8 SP - 173-190 OP - PB - Palgrave Macmillan US SN - 9781349382071 9780230106826 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230106826_8 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CHAP TI - Producing STEM Graduates in Florida: Understanding the Florida Context AU - Cotner, Bridget A. AU - Whaler, Cassandra Workman AU - Tyson, Will T2 - Becoming an Engineer in Public Universities AB - After making the case for studying STEM production in a national context in chapter one, chapter two narrows the focus to Florida, considering the state as a microcosm of issues confronting students pursuing STEM degrees across the country. Specifically, our discussion includes descriptions of the locations, demographic makeup, resources, and infrastructure, and overall campus ecology of the four engineering programs we focused on. The use of a mixed methods research approach allows this chapter to meet three goals. The first is to frame Florida as a unique field site that is also representative of national trends in engineering, including recruitment and retention of underrepresented women and minority students. A discussion of program efficacy provides information on how it is calculated and defined. The second goal is to familiarize the reader with ethnographic methods. Finally, we will apply our ethnographic methods to introduce the reader to the research sites, using observational and anecdotal information to contextualize interview and survey data presented here and in subsequent chapters. In subsequent chapters, we more closely examine culture and climate as they affect student fit and student retention in engineering undergraduate programs in the state. PY - 2010/// DO - 10.1057/9780230106826_2 SP - 21-51 OP - PB - Palgrave Macmillan US SN - 9781349382071 9780230106826 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230106826_2 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CHAP TI - Making the Transition: The Two-to Four-Year Institution Transfer Experience AU - Whaler, Cassandra Workman AU - Miller, Jason E. T2 - Becoming an Engineer in Public Universities AB - Community colleges are emerging as important institutions for the production of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) graduates. More than 40% of all undergraduate engineering majors nationally attended community colleges at some point in their academic careers (Tsapogas, 2004). Most importantly, community colleges are used by greater numbers of minority and female students, older students and students from lower socioeconomic strata; all underrepresented in engineering. The demographics of community college students are certainly not static—a rise in attendance by traditionally aged students and a decline in attendance by older students is predicted to continue (Bryant, 2001). Since women and underrepresented minorities attend community colleges in high numbers, the community college pathway to four-year institutions is an important context for research. It is likely this trend will continue during lean economic times as community colleges are a less expensive option in comparison with other kinds of institutions. As such, researchers and STEM educators are calling for more research into understanding the transfer experience for female and underrepresented minority students. PY - 2010/// DO - 10.1057/9780230106826_7 SP - 147-171 OP - PB - Palgrave Macmillan US SN - 9781349382071 9780230106826 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230106826_7 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Foam in Wastewater Treatment Facilities AU - Reyes, F. L. T2 - Handbook of Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// DO - 10.1007/978-3-540-77587-4_176 SP - 2401-2411 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Use of Molecular Tools to Identify Microbial Communities in a Full Scale Biotrickling Filter Treating Odors from a Municipal WWTP AU - Roux, Louis D. AU - Johnson, Matthew E. AU - So, Mark Jason AU - Reyes, Francis L. T2 - proc water environ fed AB - Use of Molecular Tools to Identify Microbial Communities in a Full Scale Biotrickling Filter Treating Odors from a Municipal WWTPThe use of biotrickling filters (BF) for municipal waste air treatment is an important and emerging application of cell immobilization technology. BFs utilize microbial cells that are attached to a medium inside the reactor, which then oxidize the odorous constituents to odorless compounds. Since the process relies almost completely on biological means, it is environmentally friendly and has a...Author(s)Louis D. le RouxMatthew E. JohnsonMark Jason SoFrancis L. de los ReyesSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectArticlesDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2010ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20100101)2010:3L.855;1-DOI10.2175/193864710802768442Volume / Issue2010 / 3Content sourceOdors and Air Pollutants ConferenceFirst / last page(s)855 - 863Copyright2010Word count289Subject keywordsBFsbiological odor controlmolecular tools16S rRNAcloning DA - 2010/1/1/ PY - 2010/1/1/ DO - 10.2175/193864710802768442 VL - 2010 IS - 3 SP - 855-863 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Microbial community of a volcanic mudspring in the Philippines as revealed by 16S rDNA sequence analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization AU - Lantican, Nacita B. AU - Diaz, Ma. Genaleen Q. AU - Cantera, J. Jason L. AU - Reyes, Francis L. AU - Raymundo, Asuncion K. T2 - World J Microbiol Biotechnol DA - 2010/8// PY - 2010/8// DO - 10.1007/s11274-010-0528-y VL - 27 IS - 4 SP - 859-867 KW - Thermophiles KW - Environmental DNA KW - Mudspring KW - 16S rDNA ER - TY - JOUR TI - Challenges in determining causation in structure-function studies using molecular biological techniques. AU - Reyes, F. L. T2 - Water Res DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// DO - S0043-1354(10)00506-3 [pii] 10.1016/j.watres.2010.07.038 VL - 44 IS - 17 SP - 4948-57 KW - Causation KW - Koch's postulates KW - Structure-function KW - Activated sludge KW - Foaming KW - Bulking ER - TY - JOUR TI - Anaerobic Biodegradation of Solid Waste AU - Barlaz, Morton A. AU - Staley, Bryan F. AU - Reyes, Francis L. T2 - Environmental Microbiology AB - This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction and Objectives Solid Waste Composition and Management Introduction to Landfills Anaerobic Decomposition of Solid Waste Landfill Microbiology Alternative Biological Processes Summary References DA - 2010/6// PY - 2010/6// DO - 10.1002/9780470495117.ch12 SP - 281-299 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84880085210&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - On the (Mis)Use of Wealth as a Proxy for Risk Aversion AU - Bellemare, M.F. AU - Brown, Z.S. T2 - American Journal of Agricultural Economics AB - Abstract Tests of risk sharing in the contracting literature often rely on wealth as a proxy for risk aversion. The intuition behind these tests is that since contract choice is monotonic in the coefficients of risk aversion, which are themselves assumed monotonic in wealth, the effect of a change in wealth on contract choice is clearly identified. We show that tests of risk sharing relying on wealth as a proxy for risk aversion are identified only insofar as the econometrician is willing to assume that (a) the principal is risk neutral or her preferences exhibit constant absolute risk aversion (CARA); and (b) the agent is risk neutral. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// DO - 10.1093/ajae/aap006 VL - 92 IS - 1 SP - 273–282 UR - http://ajae.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2010/01/20/ajae.aap006.short KW - contract theory KW - empirical tests KW - principal-agent models KW - risk aversion KW - risk sharing ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Water Quality Consequences of Restoring Wetland Hydrology to a Large Agricultural Watershed in the Southeastern Coastal Plain AU - Ardón, M. AU - Morse, J.L. AU - Doyle, M.W. AU - Bernhardt, E.S. T2 - Ecosystems DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// DO - 10.1007/s10021-010-9374-x VL - 13 IS - 7 SP - 1060-1078 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77957755741&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - wetland KW - restoration KW - nitrogen KW - phosphorus KW - retention KW - mitigation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Research reveals negative consequences of flooding former agricultural fields for wetlands restoration AU - Bernhardt, E.S. AU - Ardón, M. AU - Morse, J. T2 - Water Resources Research Institute News of the University of North Carolina DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// IS - 372 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-78650385395&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Phosphorus export from a restored wetland ecosystem in response to natural and experimental hydrologic fluctuations AU - Ardón, Marcelo AU - Montanari, Shaena AU - Morse, Jennifer L. AU - Doyle, Martin W. AU - Bernhardt, Emily S. T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research AB - Wetland restoration is a commonly used approach to reduce nutrient loading to freshwater and coastal ecosystems, with many wetland restoration efforts occurring in former agricultural fields. Restored wetlands are expected to be effective at retaining or removing both nitrogen and phosphorus (P), yet restoring wetland hydrology to former agricultural fields can lead to the release of legacy fertilizer P. Here, we examined P cycling and export following rewetting of the Timberlake Restoration Project, a 440 ha restored riverine wetland complex in the coastal plain of North Carolina. We also compared P cycling within the restored wetland to two minimally disturbed nearby wetlands and an adjacent active agricultural field. In the restored wetland we observed increased soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentrations following initial flooding, consistent with our expectations that P bound to iron would be released under reducing conditions. SRP concentrations in spring were 2.5 times higher leaving the restored wetland than a forested wetland and an agricultural field. During two large‐scale drawdown and rewetting experiments we decreased the water depth by 1 m in ∼10 ha of inundated wetland for 2 weeks, followed by reflooding. Rewetting following experimental drainage had no effect on SRP concentrations in winter, but SRP concentrations did increase when the experiment was repeated during summer. Our best estimates suggest that this restored wetland could release legacy fertilizer P for up to a decade following hydrologic restoration. The time lag between restoration and biogeochemical recovery should be incorporated into management strategies of restored wetlands. DA - 2010/12/4/ PY - 2010/12/4/ DO - 10.1029/2009JG001169 VL - 115 IS - G4 J2 - J. Geophys. Res. LA - en OP - SN - 0148-0227 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009jg001169 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CHAP TI - Introduction: From Evolution to Energy AU - Delborne, J.A. AU - Kleinman, D.L. AU - Cloud-Hansen, K.A. AU - Handelsman, J. T2 - Controversies in Science and Technology A2 - Kleinman, D. A2 - Delborne, J. A2 - Cloud-Hansen, K. A2 - Handelsman, J. PY - 2010/// VL - 3: From Evolution to Energy SP - xi-xxvi PB - Mary Ann Liebert, Inc ER - TY - BOOK TI - From Evolution to Energy T2 - Controversies in Science and Technology A3 - Kleinman, D.L. A3 - Delborne, J.A. A3 - Cloud-Hansen, K. A3 - Handelsman, J. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// VL - 3 PB - Mary Ann Liebert, Inc ER - TY - CHAP TI - A Sustaining Conservation for Mexico? AU - Haenn, N. T2 - International Handbook of Environmental Sociology A2 - Woodgate, G. A2 - Redclift, M. PY - 2010/// SP - 408–426 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing ER - TY - BOOK TI - Controversies in Science and Technology, Volume 3: From Evolution to Energy AU - Kleinman, D. L. AU - Delborne, J. A. AU - Cloud-Hansen, K. AU - Handelsman, J. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// PB - New Rochelle, NY: Mary Ann Liebert SN - 9780299203948 ER - TY - CONF TI - Coordinating intelligent and continuous performance monitoring with dam and levee safety management policy AU - Parekh, M. AU - Stone, K. AU - Delborne, J. A. C2 - 2010/// C3 - Annual Conference of the Association of State Dam Safety Officials DA - 2010/// ER - TY - CHAP TI - Biofuels: Streams and Themes AU - Delborne, J.A. T2 - Controversies in Science and Technology A2 - Kleinman, D. A2 - Delborne, J. A2 - Cloud-Hansen, K. A2 - Handelsman, J. PY - 2010/// VL - 3: From evolution to energy SP - 175–90 PB - Mary Ann Liebert, Inc SN - 9781934854204 ER - TY - CONF TI - Challenges of lignocellulosic ethanol technologies AU - Cheng, J. J. C2 - 2010/// C3 - Research Progress in Paper Industry and Biorefinery (4th ISETPP), vols 1-3 DA - 2010/// SP - 1298-1301 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Using host associations to predict spatial patterns in the species richness of the parasites of North American carnivores AU - Harris, Nyeema C. AU - Dunn, Robert R. T2 - ECOLOGY LETTERS AB - Ecology Letters (2010) 13: 1411–1418 Abstract Despite the central theme in ecology of evaluating determinants of species richness, little effort has been focused on parasites. Here, we developed a parasite diversity model based on known host associations with 29 North American carnivores to investigate the spatial heterogeneity of parasite richness, its relationship to carnivore richness, and how host composition and specificity influenced these patterns. Patterns in parasite species richness closely tracked carnivore species richness across space and this relationship was robust to deviations from the assumption that parasites match the distribution of their hosts. Because wide‐ranging hosts disproportionately contributed to total and specialist parasite species richness, conservation programmes that focus on these common hosts may capture not only much of biological diversity, but also unwittingly sources of human diseases. We supply the first parasite diversity model to understand broad‐scale patterns in species richness patterns for North American carnivores, which can inform both future parasite conservation and disease management. DA - 2010/11// PY - 2010/11// DO - 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01527.x VL - 13 IS - 11 SP - 1411-1418 SN - 1461-0248 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-78650349764&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Carnivores KW - conservation KW - distribution KW - diversity KW - fundamental niche KW - parasite KW - specialists KW - species richness ER - TY - JOUR TI - The ecology of a keystone seed disperser, the ant Rhytidoponera violacea AU - Lubertazzi, D. AU - Lubertazzi, M.A. Aliberti AU - McCoy, N. AU - Gove, A.D. AU - Majer, J.D. AU - Dunn, Robert T2 - Journal of Insect Science AB - Rhytidoponera violacea (Forel) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) is a keystone seed disperser in Kwongan heathland habitats of southwestern Australia. Like many myrmecochorous ants, little is known about the basic biology of this species. In this study various aspects of the biology of R. violacea were examined and the researchers evaluated how these characteristics may influence seed dispersal. R. violacea nesting habits (relatively shallow nests), foraging behavior (scramble competitor and lax food selection criteria), and other life history characteristics complement their role as a mutualist that interacts with the seeds of many plant species. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// DO - 10.1673/031.010.14118 VL - 10 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-78649310846&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Phenotypic and Genotypic Heterogeneity of Campylobacter coli Within Individual Pigs at Farm and Slaughter in the US AU - Thakur, S. AU - Gebreyes, W. A. T2 - ZOONOSES AND PUBLIC HEALTH AB - The aim of this study was to determine the phenotypic and genotypic diversity of multiple Campylobacter isolates (n = 3 per sample) present within individual (heterogeneity) pig faecal and carcass samples at farm and slaughter, respectively. We isolated 1459 Campylobacter coli (1110 on farm and 349 from slaughter) from 908 pigs and 757 carcasses and characterized them for their antimicrobial susceptibility profile to a panel of six antimicrobials using the agar dilution method. Overall, we detected a significantly higher Campylobacter prevalence at the farm (54.7%) than at slaughter (19%) level (P < 0.05). C. coli isolates were resistant most commonly to tetracycline (66.2%) and erythromycin (53.6%) while fluoroquinolone resistance was detected in isolates (n = 17) only from the farm level. Phenotypic diversity of C. coli isolates at the 4-fold minimum inhibitory concentration levels within the same sample was detected in 38.6% (n = 192) pigs and 40.2% (n = 58) carcass swabs with no significant difference between the two sources (P = 0.72). Phenotypic heterogeneity based on the antimicrobial resistance patterns was observed in 32.5% (n = 162) of the farm samples and in 30.5% (n = 44) carcass swabs at slaughter (P = 0.64). A subset of 40 isolates representing ten pigs and eight carcass samples (originating from separate pigs) were further genotyped by multi locus sequence typing. The observation of phenotypic diversity was replicated at the genotypic level, as it was highlighted by the 22 sequence types which represented the 40 isolates. In conclusion, we detected multiple C. coli subtypes from individual pig or carcass samples indicating unprecedented level of heterogeneity. Our study clearly signifies the importance of testing multiple colonies to make appropriate and valid conclusions in epidemiological-based studies. DA - 2010/11// PY - 2010/11// DO - 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2010.01363.x VL - 57 SP - 100-106 SN - 1863-2378 KW - Campylobacter KW - heterogeneity KW - antimicrobial resistance KW - swine KW - minimum inhibitory concentration KW - multi locus sequence typing ER - TY - JOUR TI - Global Mapping of Ecosystem Disservices: The Unspoken Reality that Nature Sometimes Kills us AU - Dunn, Robert R. T2 - BIOTROPICA AB - ABSTRACT Increasingly, we view nature through a utilitarian lens that leads us to attempt to measure and manage the services that species, habitats and ecosystems provide. Surprisingly, we have tended to consider only the positive values of ecosystems, their ecosystem services. In addition to providing our food and water, Nature also kills us, primarily through disease. If we are to effectively manage the terrestrial Earth, we need to also manage species, habitats and ecosystems so as to minimize such ‘ecosystem disservices’. I consider what we know about the spatial pattern of one disservice, pathogen prevalence and how changes in habitat influence it. I consider the effects of habitat changes on pathogen prevalence and, consequently, ecosystem disservices. In the end, we need to weigh both the costs and the benefits of particular ecosystems, habitats and species – to consider the bad with the good. Doing so requires that we learn much more about the biota than we currently know. DA - 2010/9// PY - 2010/9// DO - 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2010.00698.x VL - 42 IS - 5 SP - 555-557 SN - 0006-3606 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77956484796&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Biophilia KW - biophobia KW - ecosystem disservices KW - ecosystem services KW - global pathogen prevalence ER - TY - JOUR TI - Biodiversity on Broadway - Enigmatic Diversity of the Societies of Ants (Formicidae) on the Streets of New York City AU - Pecarevic, Marko AU - Danoff-Burg, James AU - Dunn, Robert R. T2 - PLOS ONE AB - Each year, a larger proportion of the Earth's surface is urbanized, and a larger proportion of the people on Earth lives in those urban areas. The everyday nature, however, that humans encounter in cities remains poorly understood. Here, we consider perhaps the most urban green habitat, street medians. We sampled ants from forty-four medians along three boulevards in New York City and examined how median properties affect the abundance and species richness of native and introduced ants found on them. Ant species richness varied among streets and increased with area but was independent of the other median attributes measured. Ant assemblages were highly nested, with three numerically dominant species present at all medians and additional species present at a subset of medians. The most common ant species were the introduced Pavement ant (Tetramorium caespitum) and the native Thief ant (Solenopsis molesta) and Cornfield ant (Lasius neoniger). The common introduced species on the medians responded differently to natural and disturbed elements of medians. Tetramorium caespitum was most abundant in small medians, with the greatest edge/area ratio, particularly if those medians had few trees, whereas Nylanderia flavipes was most abundant in the largest medians, particularly if they had more trees. Many of the species encountered in Manhattan were similar to those found in other large North American cities, such that a relatively small subset of ant species probably represent most of the encounters humans have with ants in North America. DA - 2010/10/5/ PY - 2010/10/5/ DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0013222 VL - 5 IS - 10 SP - SN - 1932-6203 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-78049306120&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Spatial and temporal controls on watershed ecohydrology in the northern Rocky Mountains AU - Emanuel, Ryan E. AU - Epstein, Howard E. AU - McGlynn, Brian L. AU - Welsch, Daniel L. AU - Muth, Daniel J. AU - D'Odorico, Paolo T2 - WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH AB - Vegetation water stress plays an important role in the movement of water through the soil‐plant‐atmosphere continuum. However, the effects of water stress on evapotranspiration (ET) and other hydrological processes at the watershed scale remain poorly understood due in part to spatially and temporally heterogeneous conditions within the watershed, especially in areas of mountainous terrain. We used a spatially distributed model to understand and evaluate the relationship between water stress and ET in a forested mountain watershed during the snow‐free growing season. Vegetation water stress increased as the growing season progressed, due to continued drying of soils, and persisted late into the growing season, even as vapor pressure deficit decreased with lower temperatures. As a result, ET became decoupled from vapor pressure deficit and became increasingly dependent on soil moisture later in the growing season, shifting from demand limitation to supply limitation. We found water stress and total growing season ET to be distributed nonuniformly across the watershed due to interactions between topography and vegetation. Areas having tall vegetation and low topographic index experienced the greatest water stress, yet they had some of the highest evapotranspiration rates in the watershed. DA - 2010/11/24/ PY - 2010/11/24/ DO - 10.1029/2009wr008890 VL - 46 IS - 11 SP - SN - 1944-7973 UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000284711600002&KeyUID=WOS:000284711600002 ER - TY - JOUR TI - On the evolution of the species complex Pachycondyla chinensis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae), including the origin of its invasive form and description of a new species AU - Yashiro, T. AU - Matsuura, K. AU - GuéNard, B. AU - Terayama, M. AU - Dunn, R.R. T2 - Zootaxa DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// IS - 2685 SP - 39-50 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-78649600238&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Modeling fertilizer externalities around Palo Verde National Park, Costa Rica AU - Arriagada, Rodrigo A. AU - Sills, Erin O. AU - Pattanayak, Subhrendu K. AU - Cubbage, Frederick W. AU - Gonzalez, Eugenio T2 - AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AB - Abstract Irrigated rice farming in Costa Rica involves use of agrochemicals that pollute important wetlands ecosystems, such as the Palo Verde National Park in the northeastern province of Guanacaste. We characterize rice farming in this region, apply duality theory to estimate conditional factor demand for fertilizer, and then simulate the impacts of alternative policies on fertilizer use. Using a normalized profit function, we also estimate policy impacts on farmer profits. As expected, prices of rice seeds and fertilizer significantly affect use of fertilizer. Price incentives or taxes could encourage farming practices that reduce the threat to downstream ecosystems. DA - 2010/11// PY - 2010/11// DO - 10.1111/j.1574-0862.2010.00472.x VL - 41 IS - 6 SP - 567-575 SN - 0169-5150 KW - Agriculture KW - Rice KW - Conditional factor demands KW - Normalized profit function ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impact of Storm-Water Runoff on Clogging and Fecal Bacteria Reduction in Sand Columns AU - Bright, T. M. AU - Hathaway, J. M. AU - Hunt, W. F., III AU - Reyes, F. L., III AU - Burchell, M. R., III T2 - JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AB - Storm-water runoff has been identified as a major cause of coastal water quality degradation. Storm-water outfalls, common in many coastal towns, convey bacteria and other pollutants into the ocean and estuaries. In an effort to minimize this impact, the Town of Kure Beach, North Carolina, installed Dune Infiltration Systems (DIS) at two storm-water outfalls to receive storm-water runoff and allow infiltration beneath the beach dunes. A laboratory column experiment was performed to supplement this installation and determine the potential hydraulic and bacterial removal efficiency of the sand comprising the Kure Beach dunes. Columns constructed using sand collected at different depths of the dune were used to analyze the affect of bacteria application on infiltration and to examine the changes in bacteria removal that occur as infiltration rates are affected by bacteria-laden water application. Sand columns were loaded over a 60-day period with either bacteria-free storm water or storm water spiked with Escherichia coli. The seepage rate for the bacteria-spiked storm-water treatment was significantly lower (p<0.05) than the seepage rate of the bacteria-free treatment, particularly toward the end of the study. Bacteria application likely compounds the impact of sediment clogging at the sand/storm-water interface. This study indicates the need for maintenance when implementing a DIS or similar sand filter to maintain design infiltration rates, especially if reduced infiltration rates are not planned for in the design. However, a decrease in seepage rate was correlated with a decrease in effluent bacteria concentration in the bacteria-spiked storm-water sand columns. Thus, optimization is required to provide maximum infiltration of storm-water while maintaining bacteria removal efficiency. DA - 2010/12// PY - 2010/12// DO - 10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0000280 VL - 136 IS - 12 SP - 1435-1441 SN - 1943-7870 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-78651504665&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Sand columns KW - Escherichia coli KW - Storm water KW - Runoff KW - Ocean outfalls KW - Seepage rate ER - TY - JOUR TI - Does proximity to coal-fired power plants influence fish tissue mercury? AU - Sackett, Dana K. AU - Aday, D. Derek AU - Rice, James A. AU - Cope, W. Gregory AU - Buchwalter, David T2 - ECOTOXICOLOGY DA - 2010/11// PY - 2010/11// DO - 10.1007/s10646-010-0545-5 VL - 19 IS - 8 SP - 1601-1611 SN - 1573-3017 KW - Mercury KW - Selenium KW - Point-source KW - Coal-fired power plant KW - Fish ER - TY - JOUR TI - The next wave AU - Dunn, R.R. T2 - Natural History DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// VL - 119 IS - 1 SP - 16-18 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77958022008&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Synergistic Dissolution of Manganese Oxides as Promoted by Siderophores and Small Organic Acids AU - Saal, Lauren B. AU - Duckworth, Owen W. T2 - SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL AB - Recent studies have revealed that siderophores, biogenic chelating agents that strongly complex Fe(III) and other hard metals, may function in concert with low‐molecular‐mass organic acids (LMMOAs) to facilitate Fe (hydr)oxide dissolution via synergistic reactions. The siderophore desferrioxamine B (DFOB) may also participate in a number of chemical reactions at Mn (hydr)oxide surfaces. The goal of this study was to determine the rates and products of δ‐MnO 2 , a layer type Mn(IV) oxide, dissolution as promoted by LMMOA–DFOB mixtures. As with Fe (hydr)oxides, the rate of DFOB‐promoted dissolution of δ‐MnO 2 is strongly influenced by the presence of the LMMOAs citrate and oxalate. In the presence of DFOB, citrate increases the dissolution rate relative to the sum of dissolution rates from corresponding single‐ligand systems by promoting both Mn(III)HDFOB + complex formation and Mn(II) production in a pH‐dependent mechanism. In contrast, oxalate–DFOB mixtures produce predominantly Mn(II), with rates enhanced up to threefold from the sum of dissolution rates in single‐ligand systems at acidic pH values. We investigated possible mechanisms to describe this synergistic dissolution processes by building on observations of single‐ligand systems. These results suggest that biological exudation of LMMOAs in conjunction with siderophores may allow the selection of dissolution products, including regulation of the formation of potentially reactive aqueous Mn(III) complexes. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// DO - 10.2136/sssaj2009.0465 VL - 74 IS - 6 SP - 2021-2031 SN - 1435-0661 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-78249245759&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Prevalence and Distribution of Salmonella in Organic and Conventional Broiler Poultry Farms AU - Alali, Walid Q. AU - Thakur, Siddhartha AU - Berghaus, Roy D. AU - Martin, Michael P. AU - Gebreyes, Wondwossen A. T2 - FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE AB - The objective of this cross-sectional study was to compare the prevalence of Salmonella and antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella, as well as investigate the distribution of this pathogen in organic and conventional broiler poultry farms. Fecal (n = 420), feed (n = 140), and drinking water (n = 140) samples were collected from birds at 3 and 8 weeks of age for 2-flock cycles. One house was sampled per farm at three organic and four conventional broiler farms from the same company in North Carolina. All samples were analyzed for the presence of Salmonella using selective enrichment techniques. Further phenotypic (antimicrobial susceptibility) and genotypic (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis [PFGE]) testing were performed. Salmonella prevalences in fecal samples were 5.6% (10/180) and 38.8% (93/240) from organic and conventional farms, respectively. From feed, 5.0% (3/60) and 27.5% (22/80) of the samples were positive for Salmonella from organic and conventional farms, respectively. None of the water samples were positive for Salmonella. Seventy isolates were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility and PFGE types. The two most common resistance phenotypes were single resistance to streptomycin (36.2% [25/58]: conventional; 25% [3/12] organic), and multidrug resistance to six antimicrobial agents: ampicillin-streptomycin-amoxicillin/clavulanic acid-cephalothin-ceftiofur-cefoxitin (AmStAxChCfFx; 39.7%: conventional only). Genotypic analysis using PFGE showed clonality among isolates within and between the two types of farms. The results of our study suggest that within this poultry company, the prevalence of fecal Salmonella was lower in certified-organic birds than in conventionally raised birds, and the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella was also higher in conventionally raised birds than in certified-organic birds. DA - 2010/11// PY - 2010/11// DO - 10.1089/fpd.2010.0566 VL - 7 IS - 11 SP - 1363-1371 SN - 1556-7125 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Global generic richness and distribution: New maps of the world of ants with examples of their use in the context of Asia AU - Guénard, B. AU - Weiser, M.D. AU - Dunn, R.R. T2 - Asian Myrmecology DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// VL - 3 IS - 1 SP - 21-28 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84855859474&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Challenges in determining causation in structure-function studies using molecular biological techniques AU - Reyes, Francis L., III T2 - WATER RESEARCH AB - The use of molecular biological techniques for determining the levels and types of different microbial populations in bioreactors has led to the emergence of the microbial community 'structure-function' paradigm that is often used in research. Typically, lab- or full-scale systems are monitored for the relevant parameters, and these parameters are related to the changes in microbial populations. Research in activated sludge phenomena, such as filamentous bulking, filamentous foaming, nitrogen removal, and phosphorus removal, are replete with many examples of this 'structure-function' paradigm, most commonly those that involve 16S rRNA gene-based analysis of the microbial populations. In many cases, such studies assume a causal microbial population (e.g., a species that causes bulking or foaming), or conclude in identifying a causal population. However, assigning cause to specific organisms and populations is problematic in a complex environment such as wastewater bioreactors. The Koch-Henle postulates, the gold standard in evaluating causation of disease, have limitations when applied to systems with mixed microbial communities with complex interactions, particularly if pure cultures are not available. Molecular techniques that allow specific identification and quantification of organisms have been used by researchers to overcome the limitations of culture-based techniques, and at the same time, raised new questions on the applicability of causation postulates in environmental systems. In this paper, various causation criteria improving on the Koch-Henle postulates are presented. Complicating issues in assigning cause in wastewater bioreactors are identified. Approaches for determining cause-effect relationships are illustrated using 16S rDNA-based investigations of filaments that cause bulking and foaming in activated sludge. The hope is that a causation framework that accounts for the assumptions in molecular studies, as applied to wastewater treatment research, will lead to improved experimental design and analysis of data. DA - 2010/9// PY - 2010/9// DO - 10.1016/j.watres.2010.07.038 VL - 44 IS - 17 SP - 4948-4957 SN - 0043-1354 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77957309676&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Causation KW - Koch's postulates KW - Structure-function KW - Activated sludge KW - Foaming KW - Bulking ER - TY - JOUR TI - Canopy and litter ant assemblages share similar climate-species density relationships AU - Weiser, Michael D. AU - Sanders, Nathan J. AU - Agosti, Donat AU - Andersen, Alan N. AU - Ellison, Aaron M. AU - Fisher, Brian L. AU - Gibb, Heloise AU - Gotelli, Nicholas J. AU - Gove, Aaron D. AU - Gross, Kevin AU - Guenard, Benoit AU - Janda, Milan AU - Kaspari, Michael AU - Lessard, Jean-Philippe AU - Longino, John T. AU - Majer, Jonathan D. AU - Menke, Sean B. AU - McGlynn, Terrence P. AU - Parr, Catherine L. AU - Philpott, Stacy M. AU - Retana, Javier AU - Suarez, Andrew V. AU - Vasconcelos, Heraldo L. AU - Yanoviak, Stephen P. AU - Dunn, Robert R. T2 - BIOLOGY LETTERS AB - Tropical forest canopies house most of the globe's diversity, yet little is known about global patterns and drivers of canopy diversity. Here, we present models of ant species density, using climate, abundance and habitat (i.e. canopy versus litter) as predictors. Ant species density is positively associated with temperature and precipitation, and negatively (or non-significantly) associated with two metrics of seasonality, precipitation seasonality and temperature range. Ant species density was significantly higher in canopy samples, but this difference disappeared once abundance was considered. Thus, apparent differences in species density between canopy and litter samples are probably owing to differences in abundance-diversity relationships, and not differences in climate-diversity relationships. Thus, it appears that canopy and litter ant assemblages share a common abundance-diversity relationship influenced by similar but not identical climatic drivers. DA - 2010/12/23/ PY - 2010/12/23/ DO - 10.1098/rsbl.2010.0151 VL - 6 IS - 6 SP - 769-772 SN - 1744-9561 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-78649884769&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Formicidae KW - species richness KW - global diversity gradients ER - TY - JOUR TI - Transport Behavior of Surrogate Biological Warfare Agents in a Simulated Landfill: Effect of Leachate Recirculation and Water Infiltration AU - Saikaly, Pascal E. AU - Hicks, Kristin AU - Barlaz, Morton A. AU - Reyes, Francis L., III T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY AB - An understanding of the transport behavior of biological warfare (BW) agents in landfills is required to evaluate the suitability of landfills for the disposal of building decontamination residue (BDR) following a bioterrorist attack on a building. Surrogate BW agents, Bacillus atrophaeus spores and Serratia marcescens, were spiked into simulated landfill reactors that were filled with synthetic building debris (SBD) and operated for 4 months with leachate recirculation or water infiltration. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) was used to monitor surrogate transport. In the leachate recirculation reactors, <10% of spiked surrogates were eluted in leachate over 4 months. In contrast, 45% and 31% of spiked S. marcescens and B. atrophaeus spores were eluted in leachate in the water infiltration reactors. At the termination of the experiment, the number of retained cells and spores in SBD was measured over the depth of the reactor. Less than 3% of the total spiked S. marcescens cells and no B. atrophaeus spores were detected in SBD. These results suggest that significant fractions of the spiked surrogates were strongly attached to SBD. DA - 2010/11/15/ PY - 2010/11/15/ DO - 10.1021/es101937a VL - 44 IS - 22 SP - 8622-8628 SN - 1520-5851 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-78449246551&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Improved categorical winter precipitation forecasts through multimodel combinations of coupled GCMs AU - Devineni, Naresh AU - Sankarasubramanian, A. T2 - GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS AB - A new approach to combine precipitation forecasts from multiple models is evaluated by analyzing the skill of the candidate models contingent on the forecasted predictor(s) state. Using five leading coupled GCMs (CGCMs) from the ENSEMBLES project, we develop multimodel precipitation forecasts over the continental United States (U.S) by considering the forecasted Nino3.4 from each CGCM as the conditioning variable. The performance of multimodel forecasts is compared with individual models based on rank probability skill score and reliability diagram. The study clearly shows that multimodel forecasts perform better than individual models and among all multimodels, multimodel combination conditional on Nino3.4 perform better with more grid points having the highest rank probability skill score. The proposed algorithm also depends on the number of years of forecasts available for calibration. The main advantage in using this algorithm for multimodel combination is that it assigns higher weights for climatology and lower weights for CGCM if the skill of a CGCM is poor under ENSO conditions. Thus, combining multiple models based on their skill in predicting under a given predictor state(s) provides an attractive strategy to develop improved climate forecasts. DA - 2010/12/22/ PY - 2010/12/22/ DO - 10.1029/2010gl044989 VL - 37 SP - SN - 0094-8276 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Climate change and food safety: A review AU - Tirado, M. C. AU - Clarke, R. AU - Jaykus, L. A. AU - McQuatters-Gollop, A. AU - Franke, J. M. T2 - FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL AB - Climate change and variability may have an impact on the occurrence of food safety hazards at various stages of the food chain, from primary production through to consumption. There are multiple pathways through which climate related factors may impact food safety including: changes in temperature and precipitation patterns, increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, ocean warming and acidification, and changes in contaminants’ transport pathways among others. Climate change may also affect socio-economic aspects related to food systems such as agriculture, animal production, global trade, demographics and human behaviour which all influence food safety. This paper reviews the potential impacts of predicted changes in climate on food contamination and food safety at various stages of the food chain and identifies adaptation strategies and research priorities to address food safety implications of climate change. The paper concludes that there is a need for intersectoral and international cooperation to better understand the changing food safety situation and in developing and implementing adaptation strategies to address emerging risks associated with climate change. DA - 2010/8// PY - 2010/8// DO - 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.07.003 VL - 43 IS - 7 SP - 1745-1765 SN - 1873-7145 KW - Climate change KW - Food safety KW - Food control KW - Foodborne diseases KW - Microbiological contamination KW - Zoonosis-animal health KW - Plant Health KW - Biotoxins-mycotoxins KW - HABs-marine toxins KW - Chemical contamination KW - Surveillance-monitoring KW - Emergency response KW - Risk assessment KW - Predictive modeling ER - TY - JOUR TI - Microwave-Based Alkali Pretreatment of Switchgrass and Coastal Bermudagrass for Bioethanol Production AU - Keshwani, Deepak R. AU - Cheng, Jay J. T2 - BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AB - Abstract Switchgrass and coastal bermudagrass are promising lignocellulosic feedstocks for bioethanol production. However, pretreatment of lignocelluloses is required to improve production of fermentable sugars from enzymatic hydrolysis. Microwave‐based alkali pretreatment of switchgrass and coastal bermudagrass was investigated in this study. Pretreatments were carried out by immersing the biomass in dilute alkali reagents and exposing the slurry to microwave radiation at 250 W for residence times ranging from 5 to 20 min. Simons' stain method was used to quantify changes in biomass porosity as a result of the pretreatment. Pretreatments were evaluated based on yields of total reducing sugars, glucose, and xylose. An evaluation of different alkalis identified sodium hydroxide as the most effective alkali reagent for microwave‐based pretreatment of switchgrass and coastal bermudagrass. 82% glucose and 63% xylose yields were achieved for switchgrass and 87% glucose and 59% xylose yields were achieved for coastal bermudagrass following enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass pretreated under optimal conditions. Dielectric properties for dilute sodium hydroxide solutions were measured and compared with solid losses, lignin reduction, and reducing sugar levels in hydrolyzates. Results indicate that dielectric loss tangent of alkali solutions is a potential indicator of the severity of microwave‐based pretreatments. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010 DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// DO - 10.1002/btpr.371 VL - 26 IS - 3 SP - 644-652 SN - 1520-6033 KW - microwave pretreatment KW - switchgrass KW - coastal bermudagrass KW - bioethanol KW - dielectric properties ER - TY - JOUR TI - Siderophore-promoted dissolution of cobalt from hydroxide minerals AU - Bi, Yuqiang AU - Hesterberg, Dean L. AU - Duckworth, Owen W. T2 - GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA AB - Recent research has revealed that siderophores, a class of biogenic ligands with high affinities for Fe(III), can also strongly complex Co(III), an element essential to the normal metabolic function of microbes and animals. This study was conducted to quantify the rates and identify the products and mechanisms of the siderophore-promoted dissolution of Co from synthetic Co-bearing minerals. The dissolution reactions of heterogenite (CoOOH) and four Co-substituted goethites (Co-FeOOH) containing different Co concentrations were investigated in the presence of a trihydroxamate siderophore, desferrioxamine B (DFOB), using batch and flow-through experiments. Results showed that DFOB-promoted dissolution of Co from Co-bearing minerals may occur via pH-dependent ligand-promoted or reductive dissolution mechanisms. For heterogenite, ligand-promoted dissolution was the dominant pathway at neutral to alkaline pH, while production of dissolved Co(II) for pH <6. It was not possible from our data to decouple the separate contributions of homogenous and heterogeneous reduction reactions to the aqueous Co(II) pool. Cobalt substitution in Co-substituted goethite, possibly caused by distortion of goethite structure and increased lattice strain, resulted in enhanced total dissolution rates of both Co and Fe. The DFOB-promoted dissolution rates of Co-bearing minerals, coupled with the high affinity of Co(III) for DFOB, suggest that siderophores may be effective for increasing Co solubility, and thus possibly Co bioavailability. The results also suggest that siderophores may contribute to the mobilization of radioactive 60Co from Co-bearing mineral phases through mineral weathering and dissolution processes. DA - 2010/5/15/ PY - 2010/5/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.gca.2010.02.028 VL - 74 IS - 10 SP - 2915-2925 SN - 1872-9533 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77951296385&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Quantification of Norwalk Virus Inocula: Comparison of Endpoint Titration and Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR Methods AU - Liu, Pengbo AU - Hsiao, Hui-Mien AU - Jaykus, Lee-Ann AU - Moe, Christine T2 - JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY AB - Abstract Human noroviruses (NoV) are the leading cause of epidemic acute gastroenteritis. In order to fully characterize features such as persistence and infectious dose, precise quantification of virus concentration is necessary. The purpose of this study was to compare two methods [endpoint titration RT‐PCR and quantitative RT‐PCR (RT‐qPCR)] with respect to quantification of Norwalk virus (NV) in inocula made from purified stock suspensions of human fecal specimens. A full‐length NV RNA transcript was developed to facilitate quantification using RT‐qPCR and provided log linear detection in the range of 49–4.9 × 10 4 genome equivalent copies (GEC) per reaction. Endpoint titration RT‐PCR was used to estimate PCR detection units, and RT‐qPCR was used to estimate genome copies in two NV inocula (8fIIa and 8fIIb) used in previous human challenge studies. Overall, RT‐qPCR was 1.1–1.6 log 10 more sensitive (lower detection limit) than endpoint titration RT‐PCR when the same RNA release method, PCR primers and thermocycle program were used. These findings have important implications for many experimental interpretations, not the least of which is estimating the median infectious dose in human challenge studies. J. Med. Virol. 82:1612–1616, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. DA - 2010/9// PY - 2010/9// DO - 10.1002/jmv.21851 VL - 82 IS - 9 SP - 1612-1616 SN - 1096-9071 KW - Norwalk virus KW - RT-qPCR KW - inoculum KW - endpoint titration ER - TY - JOUR TI - Global drivers of human pathogen richness and prevalence AU - Dunn, Robert R. AU - Davies, T. Jonathan AU - Harris, Nyeema C. AU - Gavin, Michael C. T2 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AB - The differences in the richness and prevalence of human pathogens among different geographical locations have ramifying consequences for societies and individuals. The relative contributions of different factors to these patterns, however, have not been fully resolved. We conduct a global analysis of the relative influence of climate, alternative host diversity and spending on disease prevention on modern patterns in the richness and prevalence of human pathogens. Pathogen richness (number of kinds) is largely explained by the number of birds and mammal species in a region. The most diverse countries with respect to birds and mammals are also the most diverse with respect to pathogens. Importantly, for human health, the prevalence of key human pathogens (number of cases) is strongly influenced by disease control efforts. As a consequence, even where disease richness is high, we might still control prevalence, particularly if we spend money in those regions where current spending is low, prevalence is high and populations are large. DA - 2010/9/7/ PY - 2010/9/7/ DO - 10.1098/rspb.2010.0340 VL - 277 IS - 1694 SP - 2587-2595 SN - 1471-2954 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77956922359&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - disease KW - diversity gradients KW - global climate KW - human health ER - TY - BOOK TI - Biomass to renewable energy processes DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// PB - Boca Raton: CRC Press SN - 9781420095173 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence, and Genotypic Profile Comparison of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli Isolated from Humans and Retail Meats AU - Thakur, Siddhartha AU - Zhao, Shaohua AU - McDermott, Patrick F. AU - Harbottle, Heather AU - Abbott, Jason AU - English, Linda AU - Gebreyes, Wondwossen A. AU - White, David G. T2 - FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE AB - A total of 360 spatially and temporally related Campylobacter isolates, including 168 from clinical human cases (Campylobacter jejuni n = 148; Campylobacter coli n = 20) and 192 from retail meats (C. jejuni n = 114; C. coli n = 78), were analyzed for antimicrobial susceptibilities, virulence, and genotypic profiles. Ciprofloxacin-resistant C. jejuni was observed in 13.5% and 19% of the isolates from humans and retail chicken breasts, respectively. Antimicrobial resistance to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin was detected in C. coli isolates recovered from 29% and 16.6% of retail meats and 15% and 5% humans, respectively. Overall, virulence determinants were more prevalent in Campylobacter isolates recovered from retail meats than from humans. C. jejuni isolates from humans were significantly associated with the rakR, dnaJ, and pld genes, whereas C. coli isolates from retail meats were associated with the dnaJ, pld, and virB11 virulence genes. Genotyping of 262 C. jejuni isolates using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed a total of 186 unique SmaI patterns, with 14% of patterns composed of isolates recovered from retail meats and ill humans. All unique groups with indistinguishable SmaI patterns were further analyzed by a second restriction enzyme (KpnI), which revealed limited overlap between isolates from different sources. Significant association between doxycycline-resistant C. jejuni strains recovered from humans and different virulence genes (e.g., cdtB) was identified at the statistical level but not at the genotypic level. In conclusion, significant differences observed in the distribution of antimicrobial resistance profiles, virulence determinants, and genotypic diversity among C. jejuni and C. coli isolates indicate that there are sources other than retail meats that may also contribute to human Campylobacter infections. DA - 2010/7// PY - 2010/7// DO - 10.1089/fpd.2009.0487 VL - 7 IS - 7 SP - 835-844 SN - 1556-7125 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Anthill: A novel AU - Dunn, R. T2 - Nature DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// VL - 464 IS - 7293 SP - 1282-1283 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A New (Old), Invasive Ant in the Hardwood Forests of Eastern North America and Its Potentially Widespread Impacts AU - Guenard, Benoit AU - Dunn, Robert R. T2 - PLOS ONE AB - Biological invasions represent a serious threat for the conservation of biodiversity in many ecosystems. While many social insect species and in particular ant species have been introduced outside their native ranges, few species have been successful at invading temperate forests. In this study, we document for the first time the relationship between the abundance of the introduced ant, Pachycondyla chinensis, in mature forests of North Carolina and the composition, abundance and diversity of native ant species using both a matched pair approach and generalized linear models. Where present, P. chinensis was more abundant than all native species combined. The diversity and abundance of native ants in general and many individual species were negatively associated with the presence and abundance of P. chinensis. These patterns held regardless of our statistical approach and across spatial scales. Interestingly, while the majority of ant species was strongly and negatively correlated with the abundance and presence of P. chinensis, a small subset of ant species larger than P. chinensis was either as abundant or even more abundant in invaded than in uninvaded sites. The large geographic range of this ant species combined with its apparent impact on native species make it likely to have cascading consequences on eastern forests in years to come, effects mediated by the specifics of its life history which is very different from those of other invasive ants. The apparent ecological impacts of P. chinensis are in addition to public health concerns associated with this species due to its sometimes, deadly sting. DA - 2010/7/21/ PY - 2010/7/21/ DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0011614 VL - 5 IS - 7 SP - SN - 1932-6203 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77955370644&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and association with toxin genes in Clostridium difficile in commercial swine AU - Thakur, Siddhartha AU - Putnam, Michelle AU - Fry, Pamela R. AU - Abley, Melanie AU - Gebreyes, Wondwossen A. T2 - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH AB - Abstract Objective— To estimate prevalence and determine association between antimicrobia resistance and toxin gene profile of Clostridium difficile in commercial pigs at the preharvest food-safety level. Animals— 68 sows and 251 young pigs from 5 farms in North Carolina and 3 in Ohio. Procedures— Fecal samples were collected from sows (8/farm) and matched young pigs (32/farm) at farrowing and again at the nursery and finishing stages. Clostridium difficile isolates were tested for susceptibility to 6 antimicrobials. A PCR assay was used to detect genes coding for enterotoxin A (tcdA), cytotoxin B (tcdB), and binary toxin (cdtB). Results— C difficile prevalence in young pigs at farrowing was 73% (n = 183) with significantly higher prevalence in Ohio (87.5%) than in North Carolina (64%). Clostridium difficile was isolated from 32 (47%) sows with no significant difference between the 2 regions. A single pig had a positive test result at the nursery, and no isolate was recovered at the finishing farms. Resistance to ciprofloxacin was predominant in young pigs (91.3% of isolates) and sows (94%). The antimicrobial resistance profile ciprofloxacin-erythromycin-tetracycline was detected in 21.4% and 11.7% of isolates from young pigs and sows, respectively. Most isolates had positive results for tcdA (65%), tcdB (84%), and the binary toxin cdtB (77%) genes. Erythromycin resistance and tetracycline resistance were significantly associated with toxin gene profiles. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance— The common occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant C difficile and the significant association of toxigenic strains with antimicrobial resistance could contribute to high morbidity in farms with farrowing pigs. (Am J Vet Res 2010;71:1189—1194) DA - 2010/10// PY - 2010/10// DO - 10.2460/ajvr.71.10.1189 VL - 71 IS - 10 SP - 1189-1194 SN - 0002-9645 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Modeling Hydroxyl Radical Distribution and Trialkyl Phosphates Oxidation in UV-H2O2 Photoreactors Using Computational Fluid Dynamics AU - Santoro, Domenico AU - Raisee, Mehrdad AU - Moghaddami, Mostafa AU - Ducoste, Joel AU - Sasges, Micheal AU - Liberti, Lorenzo AU - Notarnicola, Michele T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY AB - Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) promoted by ultraviolet light are innovative and potentially cost-effective solutions for treating persistent pollutants recalcitrant to conventional water and wastewater treatment. While several studies have been performed during the past decade to improve the fundamental understanding of the UV-H(2)O(2) AOP and its kinetic modeling, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has only recently emerged as a powerful tool that allows a deeper understanding of complex photochemical processes in environmental and reactor engineering applications. In this paper, a comprehensive kinetic model of UV-H(2)O(2) AOP was coupled with the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations using CFD to predict the oxidation of tributyl phosphate (TBP) and tri(2-chloroethtyl) phosphate (TCEP) in two different photoreactors: a parallel- and a cross-flow UV device employing a UV lamp emitting primarily 253.7 nm radiation. CFD simulations, obtained for both turbulent and laminar flow regimes and compared with experimental data over a wide range of UV doses, enabled the spatial visualization of hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical distributions in the photoreactor. The annular photoreactor displayed consistently better oxidation performance than the cross-flow system due to the absence of recirculation zones, as confirmed by the hydroxyl radical dose distributions. Notably, such discrepancy was found to be strongly dependent on and directly correlated with the hydroxyl radical rate constant becoming relevant for conditions approaching diffusion-controlled reaction regimes (k(C,OH) > 10(9) M(-1) s(-1)). DA - 2010/8/15/ PY - 2010/8/15/ DO - 10.1021/es1000962 VL - 44 IS - 16 SP - 6233-6241 SN - 0013-936X UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77956533355&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impact of Plastics on Fate and Transport of Organic Contaminants in Landfills AU - Saquing, Jovita M. AU - Saquing, Carl D. AU - Knappe, Detlef R. U. AU - Barlaz, Morton A. T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY AB - Factors controlling organic contaminant sorption to common plastics in municipal solid waste were identified. Consumer plastics [drinking water container, prescription drug bottle, soda bottle, disposable cold cup, computer casing, furniture foam, carpet, vinyl flooring, formica sheet] and model polymers [high-density polyethylene (HDPE), medium-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)] were characterized by X-ray diffractometry, differential scanning calorimetry, and elemental analysis. The material characterization was used to interpret batch isotherm and kinetic data. Kp values describing toluene sorption to rubbery or “soft” polymers could be normalized by the amorphous polymer fraction (famorphous) but not by the organic carbon fraction (foc). Diffusion coefficients (D) describing the uptake rate of toluene by rubbery plastics (HDPE, drinking water container, prescription drug bottle) were similar (D ≈ 10−10 cm2/s), indicating that pure HDPE can be used as a model for rubbery plastics. Toluene diffusivity was similar among glassy or “hard” plastics (PVC, soda bottle, computer casing, disposable cold cup; D ≈ 10−12 cm2/s) but lower than for rubbery plastics. Plastics in landfills are potential sinks of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) because of their higher affinity for HOCs compared to lignocellulosic materials and the slow desorption of HOCs from glassy plastics. DA - 2010/8/15/ PY - 2010/8/15/ DO - 10.1021/es101251p VL - 44 IS - 16 SP - 6396-6402 SN - 0013-936X UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77956547698&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Field Note: Successful Establishment of a Phytoremediation System at a Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminated Shallow Aquifer: Trends, Trials, and Tribulations AU - Cook, Rachel L. AU - Landmeyer, James E. AU - Atkinson, Brad AU - Messier, Jean-Pierre AU - Nichols, Elizabeth Guthrie T2 - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION AB - We report the establishment of a mixed hybrid poplar (Populus spp.) and willow (Salix spp.) phytoremediation system at a fuel-contaminated site. Several approaches were used to balance competing goals of cost-effectiveness yet successful tree establishment without artificial irrigation or trenching. Bare root and unrooted cuttings were installed using either: (1) 1.2 m deep holes excavated with an 8 cm diameter auger using a direct-push rig and backfilled with the excavated, in situ soil; (2) 1.2 m deep holes created with a 23 cm diameter auger attached to a Bobcat rig and backfilled with clean topsoil from offsite; and (3) shallow holes between 15–30 cm deep that were created with a 1.3 cm diameter rod and no backfill. Tree mortality from initial plantings indicated contaminated zones not quantified in prior site investigations and remedial actions. Aquifer heterogeneity, underground utilities, and prior remediation infrastructure hampered the ability of the site to support a traditional experimental design. Total stem length and mortality were measured for all planted trees and were incorporated into a geographic information system. Planting early in the growing season, augering a larger diameter hole, and backfilling with clean, uncontaminated topsoil was cost effective and allowed for greater tree cutting growth and survival. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// DO - 10.1080/15226510903390395 VL - 12 IS - 7 SP - 716-732 SN - 1549-7879 KW - phytoremediation KW - hybrid poplars KW - willows KW - planting approaches KW - petroleum hydrocarbons ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Effects of Market Network Heterogeneity on Innovation Diffusion: An Agent-Based Modeling Approach AU - Bohlmann, Jonathan D. AU - Calantone, Roger J. AU - Zhao, Meng T2 - JOURNAL OF PRODUCT INNOVATION MANAGEMENT AB - Innovations usually have an initial impact on very few people. The period of learning or early evaluation precedes the diffusion of the technology into the wider addressed population. More than a transfer, this is best characterized as communication of benefits, costs, and compatibility with earlier technologies and a relative assessment of the new state of the art. Innovation development by an organization or individual creates not just a device (i.e., process or tacit knowledge) but concomitantly a capacity on the part of other organizations or persons to use, adopt, replicate, enhance, or modify the technology, skills, or knowledge for their own purposes. How innovations actually diffuse is to understand the communication of progress, and this framing helps one to design innovations and also design the marketing and testing programs to ready innovations for market and launch them efficiently. Diffusion theory's main focus is on the flow of information within a social system, such as via mass media and word‐of‐mouth communications. This theory presents often in the form of mathematical models of innovation and imitation. Distinct from classical diffusion models, however, consumers are not all identical in how they connect to others within a market or how they respond to information. We examine the effects of various network structures and relational heterogeneity on innovation diffusion within market networks. Specifically, network topology (the structure of how individuals in the market are connected) and the strength of communication links between innovator and follower market segments (a form of relational heterogeneity) are studied. Several research questions concerning network heterogeneity are addressed with an agent‐based modeling approach. The present study's findings are based on simulation results that show important effects of network structure on the diffusion process. The ability to speed diffusion varies significantly according to within‐ and cross‐segment communications within a heterogeneous network structure. The implications of the present approach for new product diffusion are discussed, and future research directions are suggested that may add useful insights into the complex social networks inherent to diffusion. A simple summary is that discovery of significant prime communicator nodes in a network allows innovation development practices to be better calibrated to realistically multiple market segments. DA - 2010/9// PY - 2010/9// DO - 10.1111/j.1540-5885.2010.00748.x VL - 27 IS - 5 SP - 741-760 SN - 1540-5885 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Selection and characterization of DNA aptamers with binding selectivity to Campylobacter jejuni using whole-cell SELEX AU - Dwivedi, Hari P. AU - Smiley, R. Derike AU - Jaykus, Lee-Ann T2 - APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY DA - 2010/8// PY - 2010/8// DO - 10.1007/s00253-010-2728-7 VL - 87 IS - 6 SP - 2323-2334 SN - 1432-0614 KW - Food-borne pathogen KW - Molecular-based assay KW - Rapid microbial method KW - Aptamers ER - TY - JOUR TI - Our Better Nature: Environment and the Making of San Francisco AU - Booker, Matthew Morse T2 - PACIFIC HISTORICAL REVIEW AB - Book Review| August 01 2010 Review: Our Better Nature: Environment and the Making of San Francisco, by Philip J. Dreyfus Our Better Nature: Environment and the Making of San Francisco. By Philip J. Dreyfus. (Norman, University of Oklahoma Press, 2009. xiv + 226 pp. $24.95) Matthew Morse Booker Matthew Morse Booker North Carolina State University Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Pacific Historical Review (2010) 79 (3): 465–466. https://doi.org/10.1525/phr.2010.79.3.465 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Matthew Morse Booker; Review: Our Better Nature: Environment and the Making of San Francisco, by Philip J. Dreyfus. Pacific Historical Review 1 August 2010; 79 (3): 465–466. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/phr.2010.79.3.465 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentPacific Historical Review Search This content is only available via PDF. © 2010 by the Regents of the University of California Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content. DA - 2010/8// PY - 2010/8// DO - 10.1525/phr.2010.79.3.465 VL - 79 IS - 3 SP - 465-466 SN - 0030-8684 ER - TY - JOUR TI - More individuals but fewer species: testing the 'more individuals hypothesis' in a diverse tropical fauna AU - McGlynn, Terrence P. AU - Weiser, Michael D. AU - Dunn, Robert R. T2 - BIOLOGY LETTERS AB - A positive relationship between species richness and productivity is often observed in nature, but the causes remain contentious. One mechanism, the 'more individuals hypothesis' (MIH), predicts richness increases monotonically with density, as a function of resource flux. To test the MIH, we manipulated resource abundance in a community of tropical rainforest litter ants and measured richness and density responses. A unimodal relationship between richness and density most closely fitted the control and disturbance (resource removal) treatments in contrast to expectations of the MIH. Resource addition resulted in a monotonic increase in richness relative to density, a shift from the pattern in the control. In the disturbance treatment, richness was greater than in the control, opposite to expectations of the MIH. While large-scale correlations between ant diversity and net primary productivity or temperature are reconcilable with the MIH, key elements of the hypothesis are not supported. DA - 2010/8/23/ PY - 2010/8/23/ DO - 10.1098/rsbl.2010.0103 VL - 6 IS - 4 SP - 490-493 SN - 1744-9561 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77954997973&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - ants KW - competition KW - diversity KW - leaf litter ER - TY - JOUR TI - Improving the prediction of winter precipitation and temperature over the continental United States: Role of the ENSO state in developing multimodel combinations AU - Devineni, N. AU - Sankarasubramanian, A. T2 - Monthly Weather Review DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// DO - 10.1175/2009mwr3112a.1 VL - 138 IS - 6 SP - 2447–2468 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cover Preference of the Carolina Madtom (Noturus furiosus), an Imperiled, Endemic Southeastern Stream Fish AU - Midway, S. R. AU - Aday, D. D. AU - Kwak, T. J. AU - Gross, K. T2 - JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY AB - ABSTRACT In a laboratory setting, we investigated cover preference of the Carolina madtom (Noturus furiosus), an imperiled, endemic southeastern USA stream fish. Fish were tested individually and given 24 hours to make a selection from four cover options, including rock, leaf pack, mussel shell, and an artificial cover unit. Among 30 trials, Carolina madtom preferred the artificial cover unit, selecting it 63% of the time. Rock was selected 23% of the time, and leaf pack 13%. Mussel shells were not selected during any trial. DA - 2010/3// PY - 2010/3// DO - 10.1080/02705060.2010.9664368 VL - 25 IS - 1 SP - 151-154 SN - 2156-6941 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Stable thermophilic anaerobic digestion of dissolved air flotation (DAF) sludge by co-digestion with swine manure AU - Creamer, K. S. AU - Chen, Y. AU - Williams, C. M. AU - Cheng, J. J. T2 - BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY AB - Environmentally sound treatment of by-products in a value-adding process is an ongoing challenge in animal agriculture. The sludge produced as a result of the dissolved air flotation (DAF) wastewater treatment process in swine processing facilities is one such low-value residue. The objective of this study was to determine the fundamental performance parameters for thermophilic anaerobic digestion of DAF sludge. Testing in a semi-continuous stirred tank reactor and in batch reactors was conducted to determine the kinetics of degradation and biogas yield. Stable operation could not be achieved using pure DAF sludge as a substrate, possibly due to inhibition by long-chain fatty acids or to nutrient deficiencies. However, in a 1:1 ratio (w/w, dry basis) with swine manure, operation was both stable and productive. In the semi-continuous stirred reactor at 54.5 degrees Celsius, a hydraulic residence time of 10 days, and an organic loading rate of 4.68 gVS/day/L, the methane production rate was 2.19 L/L/day and the specific methane production rate was 0.47 L/gVS (fed). Maximum specific methanogenic activity (SMA) in batch testing was 0.15 mmoles CH(4) h(-1) gVS(-1) at a substrate concentration of 6.9 gVS L(-1). Higher substrate concentrations cause an initial lag in methane production, possibly due to long-chain fatty acid or nitrogen inhibition. DA - 2010/5// PY - 2010/5// DO - 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.12.029 VL - 101 IS - 9 SP - 3020-3024 SN - 1873-2976 KW - Anaerobic digestion KW - Manure KW - Thermophilic KW - Dissolved air flotation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sodium Hydroxide Pretreatment of Switchgrass for Ethanol Production AU - Xu, Jiele AU - Cheng, Jay J. AU - Sharma-Shivappa, Ratna R. AU - Burns, Joseph C. T2 - ENERGY & FUELS AB - Lignocellulose-to-ethanol conversion is a promising technology to supplement corn-based ethanol production. However, the recalcitrant structure of lignocellulosic material is a major obstacle to the efficient conversion. To improve the enzymatic digestibility of switchgrass for the fermentable sugar production in hydrolysis, sodium hydroxide pretreatment of the biomass feedstock was investigated. At 121, 50, and 21 °C, raw switchgrass biomass at a solid/liquid ratio of 0.1 g/mL was pretreated, respectively, for 0.25−1, 1−48, and 1−96 h at different NaOH concentrations (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0%, w/v). Pretreatments were evaluated based on the yields of lignocellulose-derived sugars in the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis. At the best pretreatment conditions (50 °C, 12 h, and 1.0% NaOH), the yield of total reducing sugars was 453.4 mg/g raw biomass, which was 3.78 times that of untreated biomass, and the glucan and xylan conversions reached 74.4 and 62.8%, respectively. Lignin reduction was closely related to the degree of pretreatment. The maximum lignin reductions were 85.8% at 121 °C, 77.8% at 50 °C, and 62.9% at 21 °C, all of which were obtained at the combinations of the longest residence times and the greatest NaOH concentration. Cellulase and cellobiase loadings of 15 FPU/g dry biomass and 20 CBU/g dry biomass were sufficient to maximize sugar production. DA - 2010/3// PY - 2010/3// DO - 10.1021/ef9014718 VL - 24 IS - 3 SP - 2113-2119 SN - 1520-5029 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Rule of Law, Rule of Life: Caste, Democracy, and the Courts in India AU - Gilmartin, David T2 - AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW DA - 2010/4// PY - 2010/4// DO - 10.1086/ahr.115.2.406 VL - 115 IS - 2 SP - 406-427 SN - 1937-5239 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Modeling the UV/hydrogen peroxide advanced oxidation process using computational fluid dynamics AU - Alpert, Scott M. AU - Knappe, Detlef R. U. AU - Ducoste, Joel J. T2 - WATER RESEARCH AB - The use of numerical models for the design and optimization of UV/H2O2 systems must incorporate both reactor design (hydrodynamics, lamp orientation) and chemical kinetics (reaction mechanisms, kinetic rate constants). This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of comprehensive CFD/UV/AOP models for the degradation of an indicator organic contaminant. The combination of turbulence sub-models, fluence rate sub-models, and kinetic rate equations resulted in a comprehensive and flexible design tool for predicting the effluent chemical composition from a UV-initiated AOP reactor. The CFD model tended to under predict the percent removal of methylene blue compared to pilot reactor trials under the same operating conditions. In addition, the percent difference between the pilot and the CFD results increased with increasing flow rates. The MSSS fluence rate sub-model predicted higher contaminant removal values than the RAD-LSI sub-model while the different two-equation turbulence sub-models did not significantly impact the predicted removal for methylene blue in the tested reactor configuration. The overall degradation of methylene blue was a strong function of the second-order kinetic rate constant describing the reaction between methylene blue and the hydroxyl radical. In addition, the removal of methylene blue was sensitive to the concentration of dissolved organic carbon in the water matrix since DOC acts as a scavenger of hydroxyl radicals. DA - 2010/3// PY - 2010/3// DO - 10.1016/j.watres.2009.12.003 VL - 44 IS - 6 SP - 1797-1808 SN - 0043-1354 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77149163483&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Ultraviolet KW - Advanced oxidation KW - Methylene blue KW - Emerging contaminants ER - TY - JOUR TI - Convergent evolution of seed dispersal by ants, and phylogeny and biogeography in flowering plants: A global survey AU - Lengyel, Szabolcs AU - Gove, Aaron D. AU - Latimer, Andrew M. AU - Majer, Jonathan D. AU - Dunn, Robert R. T2 - PERSPECTIVES IN PLANT ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS AB - Abstract Seed dispersal is a fundamental life history trait in plants. Although the recent surge of interest in seed dispersal by ants (myrmecochory) has added greatly to knowledge on the ecology of seed dispersal and ant–plant mutualisms, myrmecochory also represents a unique opportunity to examine the links between seed dispersal and evolution in flowering plants. Here we review the taxonomic, phylogenetic and biogeographic distribution of myrmecochory in flowering plants. Myrmecochory is mediated by elaiosomes, i.e., lipid-rich seed appendages that attract ants and serve as rewards for dispersal. We surveyed the literature for evidence of elaiosomes in angiosperm plants to estimate the global prevalence of myrmecochory. We then searched the literature for phylogenetic reconstructions to identify myrmecochorous lineages and to estimate the minimum number of independent evolutionary origins of myrmecochory. We found that myrmecochory is present in at least 11 000 species or 4.5% of all species, in 334 genera or 2.5% of all genera and in 77 families or 17% of all families of angiosperm plants. We identified at least 101, but possibly up to 147, independent origins of myrmecochory. We estimated three or more origins in 13 families and found that at least half the genera are myrmecochorous in 10 families. Most myrmecochorous lineages were Australian, South African or northern temperate (Holarctic). A mapping of families containing myrmecochorous genera on a dated angiosperm supertree showed that myrmecochory has evolved in most of the major angiosperm lineages and that it is more frequent in younger families (crown group age DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// DO - 10.1016/j.ppees.2009.08.001 VL - 12 IS - 1 SP - 43-55 SN - 1433-8319 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-75849139842&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Angiosperm diversification KW - Elaiosome KW - Mutualism KW - Plant-animal interactions KW - Plant diversity KW - Plant fitness ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sodium hydroxide pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of coastal Bermuda grass AU - Wang, Ziyu AU - Keshwani, Deepak R. AU - Redding, Arthur P. AU - Cheng, Jay J. T2 - BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY AB - Coastal Bermuda grass was pretreated with NaOH at concentrations from 0.5% to 3% (w/v) for a residence time from 15 to 90 min at 121 °C. The pretreatments were evaluated based on total lignin removal and production of total reducing sugars, glucose and xylose from enzymatic hydrolysis of the pretreated biomass. Up to 86% lignin removal was observed. The optimal NaOH pretreatment conditions at 121 °C for total reducing sugars production as well as glucose and xylose yields are 15 min and 0.75% NaOH. Under these optimal pretreatment conditions, total reducing sugars yield was about 71% of the theoretical maximum, and the overall conversion efficiencies for glucan and xylan were 90.43% and 65.11%, respectively. DA - 2010/5// PY - 2010/5// DO - 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.12.097 VL - 101 IS - 10 SP - 3583-3585 SN - 1873-2976 KW - Coastal Bermuda grass KW - NaOH pretreatment KW - Glucose KW - Xylose KW - Reducing sugar ER - TY - JOUR TI - Reactions of aqueous iron-DFOB (desferrioxamine B) complexes with flavin mononucleotide in the absence of strong iron(II) chelators AU - Kim, Dongwook AU - Duckworth, Owen W. AU - Strathmann, Timothy J. T2 - GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA AB - The mechanisms controlling microbial uptake of FeIII–siderophore complexes and subsequent release of the metal for cellular use have been extensively studied in recent years. Reduction of the FeIII center is believed to be necessary to labilize the coordinated Fe and facilitate exchange with cellular ligands. Previous studies report reduction of FeIII–DFOB by various reducing agents in solutions containing FeII-chelating colorimetric agents for monitoring reaction progress, but the importance of these findings is unclear because the colorimetric agents themselves stabilize and enhance the reactions being monitored. This study examines the reduction of FeIII complexes with DFOB (desferrioxamine B), a trihydroxamate siderophore, by the fully reduced hydroquinone form of flavin mononucleotide (FMNHQ) in the absence of strong FeII-chelating agents, and Fe redox cycling in solutions containing DFOB and oxidized and reduced FMN species. Experimental results demonstrate that the rate and extent of FeIII–DFOB reduction is strongly dependent on pH and FMNHQ concentration. At pH ⩾ 5, incomplete FeIII reduction is observed due to two processes that re-oxidize FeII, namely, the autodecomposition of FeII–DFOB complexes (FeII oxidation is coupled with reduction of a protonated hydroxamate moiety) and reaction of FeII–DFOB complexes with the fully oxidized flavin mononucleotide product (FMNOX). Chemical speciation-dependent kinetic models for the forward reduction process and both reverse FeII oxidation processes are developed, and coupling kinetic models for all three Fe redox processes leads to successful predictions of steady-state FeII concentrations observed over a range of pH conditions in the presence of excess FMNHQ and FMNOX. The observed redox reactions are also in agreement with thermodynamic constraints imposed by the combination of FeIII/FeII and FMNOX/FMNHQ redox couples. Quantitative comparison between kinetic trends and changing Fe speciation reveals that FMN species react predominantly with diprotonated FeIII–DFOB and FeII–DFOB complexes, where protonation of one hydroxamate group opens up two Fe coordination positions. This finding suggests that ternary complex formation (FMN–Fe–DFOB) facilitates inner-sphere electron transfer reactions between the flavin and Fe center. DA - 2010/3/1/ PY - 2010/3/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.gca.2009.12.020 VL - 74 IS - 5 SP - 1513-1529 SN - 1872-9533 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-75149144851&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Lime pretreatment of switchgrass at mild temperatures for ethanol production AU - Xu, Jiele AU - Cheng, Jay J. AU - Sharma-Shivappa, Ratna R. AU - Burns, Joseph C. T2 - BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY AB - To improve the enzymatic digestibility of switchgrass at mild temperatures, lime pretreatment of switchgrass was explored at 50 and 21 degrees Celsius, and compared with that at 121 degrees Celsius. The effects of residence time, lime loading, and biomass washing on the sugar production efficiency were investigated. Pretreatments were evaluated based on the yields of biomass-derived sugars in the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis. Under the best pretreatment conditions (50 degrees Celsius, 24 h, 0.10 g Ca(OH)(2)/g raw biomass, and wash intensity of 100 ml water/g raw biomass), the yields of glucose, xylose, and total reducing sugars reached 239.6, 127.2, and 433.4 mg/g raw biomass, which were respectively 3.15, 5.78, and 3.61 times those of untreated biomass. The study on calcium-lignin bonding showed that calcium ions crosslinked lignin molecules under alkaline conditions, which substantially decreased lignin solubilization during pretreatment, but the resulting high lignin contents of the pretreated biomass did not compromise the improvement of enzymatic digestibility. DA - 2010/4// PY - 2010/4// DO - 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.12.015 VL - 101 IS - 8 SP - 2900-2903 SN - 1873-2976 KW - Enzymatic hydrolysis KW - Ethanol KW - Lignocellulose KW - Lime pretreatment KW - Switchgrass ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effectiveness of Liquid Soap and Hand Sanitizer against Norwalk Virus on Contaminated Hands AU - Liu, Pengbo AU - Yuen, Yvonne AU - Hsiao, Hui-Mien AU - Jaykus, Lee-Ann AU - Moe, Christine T2 - APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY AB - Disinfection is an essential measure for interrupting human norovirus (HuNoV) transmission, but it is difficult to evaluate the efficacy of disinfectants due to the absence of a practicable cell culture system for these viruses. The purpose of this study was to screen sodium hypochlorite and ethanol for efficacy against Norwalk virus (NV) and expand the studies to evaluate the efficacy of antibacterial liquid soap and alcohol-based hand sanitizer for the inactivation of NV on human finger pads. Samples were tested by real-time reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) both with and without a prior RNase treatment. In suspension assay, sodium hypochlorite concentrations of >or=160 ppm effectively eliminated RT-qPCR detection signal, while ethanol, regardless of concentration, was relatively ineffective, giving at most a 0.5 log(10) reduction in genomic copies of NV cDNA. Using the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard finger pad method and a modification thereof (with rubbing), we observed the greatest reduction in genomic copies of NV cDNA with the antibacterial liquid soap treatment (0.67 to 1.20 log(10) reduction) and water rinse only (0.58 to 1.58 log(10) reduction). The alcohol-based hand sanitizer was relatively ineffective, reducing the genomic copies of NV cDNA by only 0.14 to 0.34 log(10) compared to baseline. Although the concentrations of genomic copies of NV cDNA were consistently lower on finger pad eluates pretreated with RNase compared to those without prior RNase treatment, these differences were not statistically significant. Despite the promise of alcohol-based sanitizers for the control of pathogen transmission, they may be relatively ineffective against the HuNoV, reinforcing the need to develop and evaluate new products against this important group of viruses. DA - 2010/1/15/ PY - 2010/1/15/ DO - 10.1128/AEM.01729-09 VL - 76 IS - 2 SP - 394-399 SN - 1098-5336 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Correlation of Mannitol Fermentation with Virulence-Associated Genotypic Characteristics in Vibrio vulnificus Isolates from Oysters and Water Samples in the Gulf of Mexico AU - Drake, Stephenie L. AU - Whitney, Brooke AU - Levine, Jay F. AU - DePaola, Angelo AU - Jaykus, Lee-Ann T2 - FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE AB - Vibrio vulnificus strains (n = 469) isolated from the Gulf of Mexico oysters and waters over a period of 2 years were subjected to phenotypic and genotypic characterizations. Of the strains that could be definitively genotyped (n = 465), 58% were classified as genotype A, 29% as genotype B, and 13% as genotype A/B by 16S rRNA genotyping. When the same strain bank was characterized by virulence-correlated gene (vcg) typing, 65% were genotype E while 35% were genotype C. Further analysis focusing on strains falling into typical genotype categories (i.e., 16S rRNA types A or B, excluding type A/B strains) showed a high degree of concordance (93%) when comparing the two genotyping methods. d-Mannitol fermentation was also predictive of genotype, with an 86% agreement between 16S rRNA genotype and mannitol fermentation patterns, and an 85% agreement between vcg genotype and mannitol fermentation patterns. d-Mannitol fermentation should be considered as a simple and less expensive alternative to screen V. vulnificus isolates for virulence potential, particularly when analyzing large strain banks. DA - 2010/1// PY - 2010/1// DO - 10.1089/fpd.2009.0362 VL - 7 IS - 1 SP - 97-101 SN - 1535-3141 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A bottom-up method to develop pollution abatement cost curves for coal-fired utility boilers AU - Vijay, Samudra AU - DeCarolis, Joseph F. AU - Srivastava, Ravi K. T2 - ENERGY POLICY AB - This paper illustrates a new method to create supply curves for pollution abatement using boiler-level data that explicitly accounts for technology cost and performance. The Coal Utility Environmental Cost (CUECost) model is used to estimate retrofit costs for five different NOx control configurations on a large subset of the existing coal-fired, utility-owned boilers in the US. The resultant data are used to create technology-specific marginal abatement cost curves (MACCs) and also serve as input to an integer linear program, which minimizes system-wide control costs by finding the optimal distribution of NOx controls across the modeled boilers under an emission constraint. The result is a single optimized MACC that accounts for detailed, boiler-specific information related to NOx retrofits. Because the resultant MACCs do not take into account regional differences in air-quality standards or pre-existing NOx controls, the results should not be interpreted as a policy prescription. The general method as well as NOx-specific results presented here should be of significant value to modelers and policy analysts who must estimate the costs of pollution reduction. DA - 2010/5// PY - 2010/5// DO - 10.1016/j.enpol.2009.12.013 VL - 38 IS - 5 SP - 2255-2261 SN - 1873-6777 KW - Air pollution control KW - Nitrogen oxides KW - Marginal abatement cost curves ER - TY - JOUR TI - Factors Controlling Alkylbenzene and Tetrachloroethene Desorption from Municipal Solid Waste Components AU - Saquing, Jovita M. AU - Mitchell, Lisa A. AU - Wu, Bingyan AU - Wagner, Travis B. AU - Knappe, Detlef R. U. AU - Barlaz, Morton A. T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY AB - Desorption rates of toluene, o-xylene and tetrachloroethene from individual municipal solid waste components [high-density polyethylene (HDPE); poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC); office paper; newsprint; and rabbit food, a model food and yard waste] were determined. Effects of sorbent and sorbate properties, solvent composition (ultrapure water, acidogenic and methanogenic leachates), and contact time (“aging”) on desorption rates were evaluated. Hydrophobic organic contaminant (HOC) desorption from PVC and HDPE could be described with a single-parameter polymer diffusion model. In contrast, a three-parameter, biphasic polymer diffusion model was required to describe HOC desorption rates from biopolymer composites. In general, HOC desorption rates from plastics were rapid for HDPE (D = 10−10 cm2/s), a rubbery polymer, but slower for PVC (D = 10−13−10−14 cm2/s), a glassy polymer. For biopolymer composites, a large fraction of sorbed HOCs was rapidly released (Dr = 10−9−10−10 cm2/s) while the remaining fraction desorbed slowly (Ds = 10−11−10−16 cm2/s). The toluene desorption rate from PVC was 1 order of magnitude faster in acidogenic leachate than in either ultrapure water or methanogenic leachate, a result that was primarily attributed to the plasticizing effect of volatile fatty acids in acidogenic leachate. For biopolymer composites, small increases in the slowly desorbing HOC fraction were observed with increasing aging time. DA - 2010/2/1/ PY - 2010/2/1/ DO - 10.1021/es9030672 VL - 44 IS - 3 SP - 1123-1129 SN - 0013-936X UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-75749108559&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER -