TY - SOUND TI - Natural Resources: Socio-Ecological Systems and Policy AU - Delborne, Jason DA - 2014/8/12/ PY - 2014/8/12/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Science, Democracy, and Public Engagement AU - Delborne, Jason T2 - Transgenics and Society Roundtable C2 - 2014/3/14/ CY - International Center for the Improvement of Maize and Wheat (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico DA - 2014/3/14/ PY - 2014/3/14/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Perspectives on Public Perceptions of Biotechnology AU - Delborne, J. T2 - Sixth Annual Biotechnology Symposium C2 - 2014/5/15/ CY - SUNY-College of Environmental Science and Forestry, ESF-Gateway Center, Syracuse, NY DA - 2014/5/15/ PY - 2014/5/15/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Transgenics & Society: Towards a Productive Dialogue AU - Delborne, Jason T2 - Transgenics and Society Symposium C2 - 2014/7/23/ CY - International Center for the Improvement of Maize and Wheat (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico DA - 2014/7/23/ PY - 2014/7/23/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Does Anticipating Futures Shape Governance? How One NGO Hopes to Predict and Shape Global Regulatory and Commercial Futures in the Creation of Genetically Modified Trees AU - Robinson, M. AU - Delborne, J. AU - Rivers, L. T2 - Democratizing Technologies: Assessing the Roles of NGOs in Shaping Technological Futures C2 - 2014/11/13/ CY - Center for Nanotechnology in Society, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA DA - 2014/11/13/ PY - 2014/11/13/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - Biofuels, Biodiversity, and Responsible Innovation: The Case of Genetically Engineered Trees AU - Delborne, Jason DA - 2014/11/4/ PY - 2014/11/4/ ER - TY - CONF TI - ‘Next Generation’ Technologies: Expectations, Continuities, and Governance AU - Delborne, Jason T2 - Annual Meeting of the Society for Social Studies of Science C2 - 2014/8/23/ CY - Buenos Aires, Argentina DA - 2014/8/23/ PY - 2014/8/23/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Intersections of Genetics and Society AU - Delborne, Jason AU - Gould, Fred T2 - Professional Development Workshop for Graduate Students and Public Symposium C2 - 2014/9/19/ CY - Genetic Engineering and Society Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC DA - 2014/9/19/ PY - 2014/9/19/ ER - TY - BLOG TI - What’s that hiding behind the poll? Perceiving public perceptions of biotechnology AU - Delborne, J. T2 - The Cultural Cognition Project at Yale Law School A2 - Kahan, D. DA - 2014/6/24/ PY - 2014/6/24/ UR - http://www.culturalcognition.net/blog/2014/6/24/whats-that-hiding-behind-the-poll-perceiving-public-percepti.html ER - TY - CONF TI - Grasping Synthetic Biology AU - Delborne, J. T2 - Workshop on Research Agendas in the Societal Aspects of Synthetic Biology C2 - 2014/11/4/ CY - Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ DA - 2014/11/4/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - Anticipating Futures in Forest Biotechnology AU - Delborne, Jason DA - 2014/10/14/ PY - 2014/10/14/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - Anticipatory Translation: Genetically Modified Trees and Conceptualizations of Technological, Regulatory, and Cultural Futures AU - Delborne, Jason DA - 2014/12/4/ PY - 2014/12/4/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Regulatory (Mouse) Traps: Social, Cultural and Ethical Issues in Classifying Genetically Engineered Organisms AU - Pitts, E.A. AU - Delborne, J.A. T2 - Second Annual Conference on the Governance of Emerging Technologies: Law, Policy, and Ethics C2 - 2014/5/28/ CY - Talking Stick Resort, Scottsdale, AZ DA - 2014/5/28/ PY - 2014/5/28/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Doubling Back on Risk Perception: Scientists, Genetically Modified Trees, and the Risks of Technological Rejection AU - Delborne, J. AU - Rivers, L. AU - Robinson, M. T2 - Annual Meeting of the Society for Social Studies of Science C2 - 2014/8/23/ CY - Buenos Aires, Argentina DA - 2014/8/23/ PY - 2014/8/23/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - Data and CFD to Compare Horizontal and Vertical/enclosed UV Reactors AU - Ducoste, J.J. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// ER - TY - SOUND TI - Evaluation of Alternative Herbicides for Root Control: Should we be worried about their impact on Wastewater Treatment Plants? AU - Ducoste, J.J. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// ER - TY - CONF TI - CFD as a tool for WWTP Unit Process Modeling AU - Samstag, R. AU - Ducoste, J. AU - Gribrio, A. AU - Nopens, I. AU - Batstone, D. AU - Wicks, J. AU - Saunders, S. AU - Laurent, J. AU - Potier, O. T2 - International Water Association (IWA)/Water Environment Federation (WEF) Waste Water Treatment (WWT) MOD C2 - 2014/3/30/ CY - Belgium DA - 2014/3/30/ PY - 2014/3/30/ ER - TY - CONF TI - PBMs: A Modeling Framework for WWTP Modeling AU - Nopens, I. AU - Torfs, E. AU - Ducoste, J. AU - Vanrolleghem, P. AU - Gernaey, K. T2 - International Water Association (IWA)/Water Environment Federation (WEF) Waste Water Treatment (WWT) MOD C2 - 2014/3/30/ CY - Belgium DA - 2014/3/30/ PY - 2014/3/30/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Pulse Feeding Of Anaerobic Digesters Treating Grease Waste To Increase Community Resistance AU - Wang, L. AU - Hossen, E.H. AU - Aziz, T.N. AU - Ducoste, J. AU - Bullard, M. AU - de los Reyes, F.L. T2 - International Water Association (IWA) World Water Congress & Exhibition C2 - 2014/9/21/ CY - Lisbon, Portugal DA - 2014/9/21/ PY - 2014/9/21/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Influencing Aerobic Granulation through Variable Shear in an Eccentric Couette Micro-Reactor AU - Weaver, J. AU - Ducoste, J. AU - de los Reyes, F.L. T2 - North Carolina Section of the American Water Works Association (NC AWWA) Water Environment Association (WEA) Conference C2 - 2014/11/16/ CY - Winston Salem NC DA - 2014/11/16/ PY - 2014/11/16/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Creating Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Program Awareness in Schools: A tool Towards the Success of Community WASH Programs, AU - Olukanni, D.O. AU - Ducoste, J. AU - George, T.O. T2 - 6th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies C2 - 2014/7/7/ C3 - EDULEARN14 Proceedings CY - Barcelona Spain DA - 2014/7/7/ PY - 2014/7/7/ SP - 6922-6927 PB - IATED SN - 9788461705573 ER - TY - CONF TI - Using a systems biology approach to identify key transcriptional regulators in the Arabidopsis thaliana iron deficiency response AU - Matthiadis, Anna AU - Koryachko, Alexandr AU - Muhammad, Durreshahwar AU - Ducoste, Joel AU - Tuck, James AU - Williams, Cranos AU - Long, Terri T2 - 9th International BioMetals Symposium C2 - 2014/// CY - Duke University, Durham, NC DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/7// ER - TY - CONF TI - Computational Fluid Dynamics Optimization of a Continuous Flow Point of Use UV LED Disinfection Reactor AU - Jenny, R. AU - Ducoste, J. T2 - International Ultraviolet Association (IUVA) Regional Conference C2 - 2014/// CY - White Plains, NY DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/10/26/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Step and Pulse Feeding Of Anaerobic Co-Digesters Treating Thickened Waste Activated Sludge and Grease Interceptor Waste AU - Wang, L. AU - Hossen, E.H. AU - Aziz, T.N. AU - Ducoste, J. AU - Bullard, M. AU - de los Reyes, F.L. T2 - Water Resources Research Institute Annual Conference C2 - 2014/3/19/ CY - Raleigh, NC DA - 2014/3/19/ PY - 2014/3/19/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Challenges in Designing a UV LED Reactor for Disinfection: Why CFD Should be your Best Friend AU - Jenny, R. AU - Ducoste, J. T2 - American Water Works Association, Water Quality Technology Conference (AWWA WQTC) C2 - 2014/11/16/ CY - New Orleans, LA DA - 2014/11/16/ PY - 2014/11/16/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of source and environmental factors on properties and kinetics of FOG deposits in sewer collection systems AU - Iasmin, Mahbuba AU - Ducoste, Joel J. T2 - Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation DA - 2014/10/1/ PY - 2014/10/1/ DO - 10.2175/193864714816099266 VL - 2014 IS - 4 SP - 1-11 J2 - proc water environ fed LA - en OP - SN - 1938-6478 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864714816099266 DB - Crossref ER - TY - RPRT TI - Evaluation of Available Scale-up Approaches for the Design of GAC Contactors AU - Summers, R.S. AU - Kennedy, A.M. AU - Knappe, D.R.U. AU - Reinert, A.M. AU - Fotta, M.E. AU - Mastropole, A.J. AU - Corwin, C.J. AU - Roccaro, J. A3 - Water Research Foundation DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// M1 - 4235 M3 - Final report PB - Water Research Foundation SN - 4235 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sociotechnical risk assessment for water distribution system contamination threats AU - Rasekh, Amin AU - Shafiee, M. Ehsan AU - Zechman, Emily AU - Brumbelow, Kelly T2 - Journal of Hydroinformatics AB - Water distribution systems (WDS) are vulnerable to contaminants, and systematic risk assessment can provide valuable information for assisting threat management. Contamination events are sociotechnical systems, in which the interactions among consumers and water infrastructure may generate unpredicted public health consequences. This research develops a sociotechnical risk assessment framework that simulates the dynamics of a contamination event by coupling an agent-based modeling (ABM) framework with Monte Carlo simulation (MCS), genetic algorithm (GA) optimization, and a multi-objective GA. The ABM framework couples WDS simulation with agents to represent consumers in a virtual city. MCS is applied to estimate the uncertainty in human exposure, based on probabilistic models of event attributes. A GA approach is used to identify critical contamination events by maximizing risk, and a multi-objective approach explores the trade-off between consequence and occurrence probabilities. Results that are obtained using the sociotechnical approach are compared with results obtained using a conventional engineering model. The sociotechnical approach removes assumptions that have been used in engineering analysis about the static, homogeneous, and stationary behaviors of consumers, and results demonstrate new insight about the impacts of these actions and interactions on the public health consequences of contamination events. DA - 2014/5// PY - 2014/5// DO - 10.2166/hydro.2013.023 VL - 16 IS - 3 SP - 531-549 J2 - J Hydroinform LA - en OP - SN - 1464-7141 1465-1734 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2013.023 DB - Crossref KW - complex adaptive system KW - contamination KW - evolutionary algorithm KW - risk assessment KW - sociotechnical KW - water distribution system ER - TY - JOUR TI - Complex Adaptive Systems Framework to Assess Supply-Side and Demand-Side Management for Urban Water Resources AU - Kanta, Lufthansa AU - Zechman, Emily T2 - Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management AB - The availability of water resources in many urbanizing areas is the emergent property of the adaptive interactions among consumers, policy, and the hydrologic cycle. As water availability becomes more stressed, public officials often implement restrictions on water use, such as bans on outdoor watering. Consumers are influenced by policy and the choices of other consumers to select water-conservation technologies and practices, which aggregate as the demand on available water resources. Policy and behavior choices affect the availability of water for future use as reservoirs are depleted or filled. This research posited urban water supply as a complex adaptive system (CAS) by coupling a stochastic consumer demand model and a water supply model within an agent-based modeling (ABM) framework. Public officials were simulated as agents to choose water conservation strategies and interbasin transfer strategies, and consumers were simulated as agents, influenced by various conservation-based programs to select water conservation technologies and behaviors, and correspondingly update their individual demand models. A water supply reservoir was simulated to receive rainfall from the contributing watershed and to supply the demands of consumer agents. The ABM framework was applied to an illustrative urban case study. A set of scenarios was developed to represent moderate and strong water conservation strategies, and was simulated for a long-term precipitation record to evaluate the sustainability of water conservation practices. DA - 2014/1// PY - 2014/1// DO - 10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000301 VL - 140 IS - 1 SP - 75-85 J2 - J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. LA - en OP - SN - 0733-9496 1943-5452 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000301 DB - Crossref KW - Adaptive systems KW - Water management KW - Droughts KW - Pumps KW - Urban areas KW - Agent-based modeling KW - Complex adaptive systems analysis KW - Water conservation KW - Drought management plan KW - Adaptive pumping KW - Demand-side management KW - Supply-side management ER - TY - JOUR TI - An evaluation of the Stormwater Footprint Calculator and the Hydrological Footprint Residence for communicating about sustainability in stormwater management AU - Scott, Tommi Jo AU - Politte, Alyssa AU - Saathoff, Sean AU - Collard, Sam AU - Berglund, Emily AU - Barbour, Joshua AU - Sprintson, Alex T2 - Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy AB - Low-Impact Development (LID) can enhance sustainability in stormwater management by attenuating excess runoff. Relevant technologies are typically implemented at individual lots and require the engagement of homeowners and developers. A new educational tool, the Stormwater Footprint Calculator (SFC), was developed to improve knowledge and change attitudes and behavior regarding stormwater sustainability. Similar to online carbon-footprint calculators, the SFC synthesizes a participant’s answers about lot and neighborhood-level land use and calculates hypothetical effects on instream flows, using hydrologic simulation. Participants receive feedback about their storm-water footprint using a new metric, the Hydrologic Footprint Residence (HFR), which measures the effect of urbanization on stream flow based on the duration and extent of flooding. An experiment was fielded to test the SFC as a tool for communicating about sustainable stormwater management and to compare the HFR against an orthodox stormwater metric, peak flow. A convenience sample of undergraduate students (N= 510) participated in the experiment. The results indicate that completing the SFC improves knowledge about the causes of stormwater runoff and LID technologies (although not about the effects of stormwater, which was already high among the students), and it influences intention to support sustainable stormwater management. The results also indicate that HFR provides a viable alternative to conventional engineering metrics for communicating a stormwater footprint and shows the value of online calculators for communicating complex civil engineering concepts. DA - 2014/10// PY - 2014/10// DO - 10.1080/15487733.2014.11908129 VL - 10 IS - 2 SP - 14-27 J2 - Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy LA - en OP - SN - 1548-7733 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15487733.2014.11908129 DB - Crossref ER - TY - BLOG TI - Biodiversity Can Flourish on an Urban Planet AU - Katti, Madhusudan T2 - The Conversation DA - 2014/1/22/ PY - 2014/1/22/ UR - https://theconversation.com/biodiversity-can-flourish-on-an-urban-planet-18723 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A simple framework to estimate distributed soil temperature from discrete air temperature measurements in data-scarce regions AU - Liang, L.L. AU - Riveros-Iregui, D.A. AU - Emanuel, R.E. AU - McGlynn, B.L. T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1002/2013JD020597. VL - 119 IS - 2 SP - 407-417 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85018786020&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hydrologic Impact Assessment of Land Cover Change and Stormwater Management Using the Hydrologic Footprint Residence AU - Giacomoni, M.H. AU - Gomez, R. AU - Berglund, E.Z. T2 - JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association AB - Abstract Urbanization impacts the stormwater regime through increased runoff volumes and velocities. Detention ponds and low impact development ( LID ) strategies may be implemented to control stormwater runoff. Typically, mitigation strategies are designed to maintain postdevelopment peak flows at predevelopment levels for a set of design storms. Peak flow does not capture the extent of changes to the hydrologic flow regime, and the hydrologic footprint residence ( HFR ) was developed to calculate the area and duration of inundated land during a storm. This study couples a cellular automata land cover change model with a hydrologic and hydraulic framework to generate spatial projections of future development on the fringe of a rapidly urbanizing metropolitan area. The hydrologic flow regime is characterized for existing and projected land cover patterns under detention pond and LID ‐based control, using the HFR and peak flow values. Results demonstrate that for less intense and frequent rainfall events, LID solutions are better with respect to HFR ; for larger storms, detention pond strategies perform better with respect to HFR and peak flow. DA - 2014/4/28/ PY - 2014/4/28/ DO - 10.1111/jawr.12187 VL - 50 IS - 5 SP - 1242-1256 J2 - J Am Water Resour Assoc LA - en OP - SN - 1093-474X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12187 DB - Crossref KW - hydrologic footprint residence KW - land cover change KW - urbanization KW - stormwater management KW - cellular automata KW - low impact development KW - sustainability KW - smart growth KW - detention pond ER - TY - CONF TI - Water and ecological sustainability under near-term climate change AU - Arumugam, S. T2 - Water Sustainability and Climate (WSC) PI meeting C2 - 2014/1/28/ CY - National Institute of Food and Agriculture DA - 2014/1/28/ PY - 2014/1/28/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - Reducing the uncertainty in projecting future streamflow using paleo and instrumental records along with near-term climate change projections AU - Patskoski, J. AU - Arumugam, S. DA - 2014/6/18/ PY - 2014/6/18/ ER - TY - CONF TI - The Utility of CMIP5 Climate Change Projections in Estimating Hydrologic Impacts in the Conterminous US AU - Sinha, T. AU - Arumugam, S. T2 - UCOWR-NIWR-CUAHSI International Conference C2 - 2014/6/18/ CY - Tufts University, Medford, MA DA - 2014/6/18/ PY - 2014/6/18/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Implications of Water Use and Hydroclimatic Anomalies on the Freshwater Sustainability across the US Sunbelt AU - Arumugam, S. T2 - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting C2 - 2014/12/15/ CY - San Francisco, CA DA - 2014/12/15/ PY - 2014/12/15/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Improved Water and Energy Management Utilizing Seasonal to Interannual Hydroclimatic Forecasts AU - Arumugam, S. AU - Lall, U. T2 - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting C2 - 2014/12/15/ CY - San Francisco, CA DA - 2014/12/15/ PY - 2014/12/15/ ER - TY - CHAP TI - The Travel Cost Model AU - von Haefen, Roger H. T2 - Environmental and Natural Resource Economics: An Encyclopedia A2 - Haab, T.C. A2 - Whitehead, J.C. A2 - Caviglia, J.L. PY - 2014/// PB - Greenwood SN - 9781440801198 9781440801204 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Improving Forecasts for Water Management AU - Arumugam, Sankar AU - Wood, Andy AU - Rajagopalan, Balaji AU - Schaake, John T2 - Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union AB - Recent advances in seasonal to interannual hydroclimate predictions provide an opportunity for developing a proactive approach toward water management. This motivated a recent AGU Chapman Conference (see program details at http://chapman.agu.org/watermanagement/ ). Approximately 85 participants from the United States, Oceania, Asia, Europe, and South America presented and discussed the current state of successes, challenges, and opportunities in seasonal to interannual hydroclimate forecasts and water management, and a number of key messages emerged. DA - 2014/1/7/ PY - 2014/1/7/ DO - 10.1002/2014EO010004 VL - 95 IS - 1 SP - 3-3 J2 - Eos Trans. AGU LA - en OP - SN - 0096-3941 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014EO010004 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Climate risk management for water in semi–arid regions AU - Robertson, Andrew W AU - Baethgen, Walter AU - Block, Paul AU - Lall, Upmanu AU - Sankarasubramanian, Arumugam AU - de Assis de Souza Filho, Francisco AU - J Verbist, Koen M T2 - Earth Perspectives AB - New sources of hydroclimate information based on forecast models and observational data have the potential to greatly improve the management of water resources in semi-arid regions prone to drought. Better management of climate-related risks and opportunities requires both new methods to develop forecasts of drought indicators and river flow, as well as better strategies to incorporate these forecasts into drought, river or reservoir management systems. In each case the existing institutional and policy context is key, making a collaborative approach involving stakeholders essential. This paper describes work done at the IRI over the past decade to develop statistical hydrologic forecast and water allocation models for the semi arid regions of NE Brazil (the “Nordeste”) and central northern Chile based on seasonal climate forecasts. In both locations, downscaled precipitation forecasts based on lagged SST predictors or GCM precipitation forecasts exhibit quite high skill. Spring-summer melt flow in Chile is shown to be highly predictable based on estimates of previous winter precipitation, and moderately predictable up to 6 months in advance using climate forecasts. Retrospective streamflow forecasts here are quite effective in predicting reductions in water rights during dry years. For the multi-use Oros reservoir in NE Brazil, streamflow forecasts have the most potential to optimize water allocations during multi-year low-flow periods, while the potential is higher for smaller reservoirs, relative to demand. This work demonstrates the potential value of seasonal climate forecasting as an integral part of drought early warning and for water allocation decision support systems in semi-arid regions. As human demands for water rise over time this potential is certain to rise in the future. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1186/2194-6434-1-12 VL - 1 IS - 1 SP - 12 J2 - Earth Perspectives LA - en OP - SN - 2194-6434 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2194-6434-1-12 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - High diversity in an urban habitat: are some animal assemblages resilient to long-term anthropogenic change? AU - Guénard, Benoit AU - Cardinal-De Casas, Adrianna AU - Dunn, Robert R. T2 - Urban Ecosystems DA - 2014/8/12/ PY - 2014/8/12/ DO - 10.1007/s11252-014-0406-8 VL - 18 IS - 2 SP - 449-463 J2 - Urban Ecosyst LA - en OP - SN - 1083-8155 1573-1642 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11252-014-0406-8 DB - Crossref KW - Urban ecosystem KW - Long term study KW - Formicidae KW - Disturbance KW - Invasive species ER - TY - JOUR TI - Biodiversity Can Flourish on an Urban Planet AU - Katti, Madhusudan T2 - The Conversation DA - 2014/1/22/ PY - 2014/1/22/ UR - https://theconversation.com/biodiversity-can-flourish-on-an-urban-planet-18723 ER - TY - CONF TI - Socioeconomic Drivers of Urban Forest Structure and Diversity in the Semi–Arid San Joaquin Valley of Central California AU - Katti, Madhusudan AU - Reid, Seth T. AU - Constable, John V.H. AU - Bushoven, John T. AU - Jones, Andrew Rhys AU - Gupta, Kaberi Kar T2 - 99th ESA Annual Convention 2014 C2 - 2014/8// DA - 2014/8// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pyrolysis kinetic and product analysis of different microalgal biomass by distributed activation energy model and pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry AU - Yang, Xuewei AU - Zhang, Rui AU - Fu, Juan AU - Geng, Shu AU - Cheng, Jay Jiayang AU - Sun, Yuan T2 - Bioresource Technology AB - To assess the energy potential of different microalgae, Chlorella sorokiniana and Monoraphidium were selected for studying the pyrolytic behavior at different heating rates with the analytical method of thermogravimetric analysis (TG), distributed activation energy model (DAEM) and pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Py–GC/MS). Results presented that Monoraphidium 3s35 showed superiority for pyrolysis at low heating rate. Calculated by DAEM, during the conversion rate range from 0.1 to 0.7, the activation energies of C. sorokiniana 21 were much lower than that of Monoraphidium 3s35. Both C. sorokiniana 21 and Monoraphidium 3s35 can produce certain amount (up to 20.50%) of alkane compounds, with 9-Octadecyne (C18H34) as the primary compound. Short-chain alkanes (C7–C13) with unsaturated carbon can be released in the pyrolysis at 500 °C for both microalgal biomass. It was also observed that the pyrolysis of C. sorokiniana 21 released more alcohol compounds, while Monoraphidium 3s35 produced more saccharides. DA - 2014/7// PY - 2014/7// DO - 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2014.04.040 VL - 163 SP - 335-342 J2 - Bioresource Technology LA - en OP - SN - 0960-8524 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2014.04.040 DB - Crossref KW - Microalgae KW - Biofuel KW - Pyrolysis KW - DAEM KW - Py-GC/MS ER - TY - CHAP TI - REDD+ on the ground: The need for scientific evidence AU - Sunderlin, W.D. AU - Pratama, C.D. AU - Bos, A.B. AU - Avitabile, V. AU - Sills, E. AU - Sassi, C. AU - Joseph, S. AU - Agustavia, M. AU - Pribadi, U.A. AU - Anandadas, A. T2 - REDD+ on the ground: A case book of subnational initiatives across the globe A2 - Sills, E. PY - 2014/// PB - Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) ER - TY - CHAP TI - REDD+ in-depth costing AU - Marinho, E. AU - Greenberg, N. AU - Kweka, D.L. AU - Sills, E. T2 - REDD+ on the ground: A case book of subnational initiatives across the globe A2 - Sills, E. PY - 2014/// PB - Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) ER - TY - CHAP TI - REDD+ on the ground: Global insights from local contexts AU - de Sassi, C. AU - Sunderlin, W.D. AU - Sills, E.O. AU - Duchelle, A.E. AU - Ravikumar, A. AU - Luttrell, C. AU - Atmadja, S. T2 - REDD+ on the ground: A case book of subnational initiatives across the globe. A2 - Sills, Erin PY - 2014/// PB - Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) ER - TY - CHAP TI - Economics of the Evolution of the Amazon Frontier AU - Sills, E. T2 - Handbook of Forest Resource Economics A2 - Kant, S. A2 - Alavalapati, J. PY - 2014/// DO - 10.4324/9780203105290 PB - Routledge ER - TY - CHAP TI - Forestry AU - Sills, E. T2 - Environmental and Natural Resource Economics: An Encyclopedia A2 - Haab, Timothy C. A2 - Whitehead, John Claiborne A2 - Caviglia, Jill L. PY - 2014/// PB - Greenwood/Praeger ER - TY - JOUR TI - Urbanization and its Impacts on Land Use, Biodiversity and Ecosystems in India AU - Nagendra, Harini AU - Sudhira, H.S. AU - Katti, Madhusudan AU - Tengö, Maria AU - Schewenius, Maria T2 - INTERdisciplina AB - India, a predominantly rural country, is going through a slow but constant and broad transition towards urbanization. The amount of cities and mega cities has increased from 5,161 to 7,935 in 2011. The united Nations predict that, by 2031, 15% of the urban population of the world, about 600 million people, will be living in Indian cities. This increase in urban population will cause repercussions in terms of environment, ecology and sustainability, which will manifest themselves in demands on urban services and governance of the urban ecosystem. In addition, urbanization generates significant tension in terms of land cover, native habitats, biodiversity, protected areas and services to the ecosystem that are basic for human wellbeing. In this paper we analyze some challenges and opportunities for urban development in India that include the participation of governments, private agencies, NGOs, and citizens from different social and economic strata. DA - 2014/12/11/ PY - 2014/12/11/ DO - 10.22201/ceiich.24485705e.2014.2.46532 VL - 2 IS - 2 J2 - inter OP - SN - 2448-5705 2395-969X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/ceiich.24485705e.2014.2.46532 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - La urbanización y su impacto sobre el uso de la tierra, la biodiversidad y los ecosistemas en la India AU - Nagendra, Harini AU - Sudhira, H.S. AU - Katti, Madhusudan AU - Tengö, Maria AU - Schewenius, Maria T2 - INTERdisciplina AB - La India, país predominantemente rural, está atravesando por una transición lenta, pero constante y a gran escala hacia la urbanización. La cantidad de ciudades o mega ciudades ha aumentado de 5,161 a 7,935 (2011). La ONU pronostica que para el 2031 el 15 % de la población urbana del mundo, alrededor de 600 millones de personas estarán viviendo en ciudades de este país. Este incremento de la población urbana tendrá implicaciones en el medio ambiente, la ecología y la sustentabilidad, lo que repercutirá en los servicios y en la gobernanza del ecosistema urbano. Además, la urbanización genera una tensión significativa en términos de cubierta vegetal de la tierra, hábitats nativos, biodiversidad, áreas protegidas y los servicios al ecosistema que sirven de base para el bienestar humano. En este trabajo se analizan algunos retos y oportunidades al desarrollo urbano de la India que incluye la participación del gobierno, actores privados, ONG y de ciudadanos de diferentes estratos sociales y económicos. DA - 2014/12/11/ PY - 2014/12/11/ DO - 10.22201/ceiich.24485705e.2014.2.46531 VL - 2 IS - 2 J2 - inter OP - SN - 2448-5705 2395-969X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/ceiich.24485705e.2014.2.46531 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - System factors to explain 2009 pandemic H1N1 state vaccination rates for children and high-risk adults in US emergency response to pandemic AU - Davila-Payan, Carlo AU - Swann, Julie AU - Wortley, Pascale M. T2 - Vaccine AB - During the 2009–2010 H1N1 pandemic, children and high-risk adults had priority for vaccination. Vaccine in short supply was allocated to states pro-rata by population, but vaccination rates as of January 2010 varied among states from 21.3% to 84.7% for children and 10.4% to 47.2% for high-risk adults. States had different campaign processes and decisions. To determine program and system factors associated with higher state pandemic vaccination coverage for children and high-risk adults during an emergency response with short supply of vaccine. Regression analysis of factors predicting state-specific H1N1 vaccination coverage in children and high-risk adults, including state campaign information, demographics, preventive or health-seeking behavior, preparedness funding, providers, state characteristics, and surveillance data. Our modeling explained variation in state-specific vaccination coverage with an adjusted R-squared of 0.82 for children and 0.78 for high-risk adults. We found that coverage of children was positively associated with programs focusing on school clinics and with a larger proportion of doses administered in public sites; negatively with the proportion of children in the population, and the proportion not visiting a doctor because of cost. The coverage for high-risk adults was positively associated with shipments of vaccine to “general access” locations, including pharmacy and retail, with the percentage of women with a Pap smear within the past 3 years and with past seasonal influenza vaccination. It was negatively associated with the expansion of vaccination to the general public by December 4, 2009. For children and high-risk adults, coverage was positively associated with the maximum number of ship-to-sites and negatively associated with the proportion of medically underserved population. Findings suggest that distribution and system decisions such as vaccination venues and providers targeted can positively impact vaccination rates for children and high-risk adults. Additionally, existing health infrastructure, health-seeking behaviors, and access affected coverage. DA - 2014/1// PY - 2014/1// DO - 10.1016/J.VACCINE.2013.11.018 VL - 32 IS - 2 SP - 246-251 J2 - Vaccine LA - en OP - SN - 0264-410X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.VACCINE.2013.11.018 DB - Crossref KW - Pandemic KW - Coverage KW - State-specific KW - Factors KW - Estimates KW - Children and high-risk adults ER - TY - CONF TI - Empirical Acceptance-Resistance Agent-Based Modeling Approach for Simulating the Adoption of Water Reuse AU - Kandiah, Venu K. AU - Berglund, Emily Z. AU - Binder, Andrew R. T2 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2014 AB - Though water reuse provides a promising and sustainable alternative for urban water supply, wide-scale implementation of water reuse within an existing water infrastructure system is challenged by the need for community-wide public acceptance and adoption. The public has historically perceived recycled water negatively, and, as a consequence, water reuse is typically omitted in the development of municipal water management plans. Consumer's base acceptance and rejection of new technologies on an intuitive analysis of their risks and benefits and their perceptions may change over time based on interactions with other consumers, decision makers, and engineering infrastructure systems. This research creates a modeling framework to simulate the changing perceptions of consumers and their adoption of water reuse. The modeling framework is used to develop understanding about the mechanisms that drive the dynamic evolution of perceptions, which can aid the planning and decision-making process for the integration of water reuse within existing water systems. This research develops an acceptance-resistance agent-based model to simulate the adoption and rejection of water reuse based on a "risk publics" framework, which is a theoretical model of how different groups perceive new technologies. The risk publics framework uses the perception of risk and benefits to determine the potential of households to adopt or resist new technology. Consumers are represented as agents, and their behaviors and attributes are developed using survey data of the U.S. population, which measures attitudes, knowledge, and behavioral intentions for recycled water. The data are analyzed to determine empirical relationships among individuals, the presence of social groups, and informational and communicative variables governing individual use of reclaimed water. The variables are encoded in the agent-based modeling framework to simulate the key social mechanisms that affect consumer acceptance of water reuse. The framework couples the acceptance-resistance agent-based model of consumers, an agent-based model of utility management, and water distribution system models of the drinking and reclaimed water systems. The framework will be used to explore the interactions among consumer behavior, management strategies, water reuse infrastructure, and the existing water supply infrastructure with adoption of water reuse. C2 - 2014/5/29/ C3 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2014 DA - 2014/5/29/ DO - 10.1061/9780784413548.183 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers SN - 9780784413548 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413548.183 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CONF TI - Complex Adaptive System Framework to Simulate Adaptations of Human-Environmental Systems to Climate Change and Urbanization: The Verde River Basin AU - Al-Amin, Shams AU - Berglund, Emily Z. AU - Larson, Kelli L. T2 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2014 AB - Water management in the arid western United States must address imminent increases in freshwater withdraws due to population growth and climate change. Stresses in the water supply system can be addressed through demand management, which restricts water uses or instates bans, incentivizes toilet retrofits or landscape conversions, and encourages conservation through outreach and education. These policies rely on the behaviors, compliance, and conservation of residential and agricultural users. This research develops a complex adaptive system (CAS) framework to analyze the dynamic interactions between changing water demands and limited water resources for population growth, land use conversion, and climate change scenarios. Water supply and demand for the arid Verde River Basin is explored through an agent-based model (ABM). Three types of agents are encoded, including policy makers (utility managers/planners) and agricultural and residential water users. Agents are initialized with business-as-usual behaviors, a set of signals, demand-reduction actions, and supply-augmentation actions. ABMs are coupled with water infrastructure models, which are in turn forced with hydro-climate and water demand projections to capture the feedbacks and simulate policy and consumer-level agents' roles in promoting balance between water demands and supplies. To determine the dynamics of societal responses to hydro-climatic extremes and the likelihood of water system adaptations to environmental change in the future, this research explores data about sociopolitical responses and actions by analyzing existing policies and management strategies. By synthesizing these data, a timeline of events and estimates for the relative probability of actions being taken are generated and used to encode policy-maker agents. The ABM framework provides important insights into the dynamic interaction of sociotechnical variables by simulating potential feedbacks of human-environmental and hydro-ecological systems that arise from adaptations to climate change and growth. Insight gained through this simulation study can be used to guide policy making under changing hydro-climatic scenarios over a long-term planning horizon. C2 - 2014/5/29/ C3 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2014 DA - 2014/5/29/ DO - 10.1061/9780784413548.181 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers SN - 9780784413548 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413548.181 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CONF TI - Multiobjective Optimization to Explore Tradeoffs in Rainwater Harvesting Strategies for Urban Water Sustainability AU - Ali, Alireza Mashhadi AU - Kandiah, Venu AU - Berglund, Emily Zechman T2 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2014 AB - Urban water systems are designed for centralized management, where water is collected at a central location, treated, and delivered to a population of users through a pipe network. Decentralized systems may generate water and energy savings beyond conventional approaches, as they reduce the demands on the potable drinking water system and the energy required for treatment and conveyance. For example, rainwater harvesting systems that are installed at individual lots can be used to capture and reuse rainwater to irrigate lawns. This research explores the tradeoffs among infrastructure costs, energy savings, and water savings as consumers adopt rainwater harvesting within an existing centralized water supply system. The presence of rainwater harvesting within a community of individual households is a sociotechnical process, as interactions among existing water supply infrastructure, utility managers, and consumers can influence the adoption of decentralized technologies and the performance of centralized infrastructure. The urban water supply system is simulated as a complex adaptive system to analyze the water use behavior of consumers and their influence on system-level sustainability. An agent-based model is constructed to simulate households as water-consumer agents and is coupled with a system dynamics simulation of a water reservoir to capture the feedbacks that drive the household-level adoption of rainwater harvesting. An evolutionary computation approach is coupled with the agent-based modeling framework to optimize multiple objectives and explore tradeoffs among energy requirements, water savings, and the cost of rainwater harvesting systems. The framework is demonstrated for a virtual case study to develop management strategies for sizing rainwater harvesting cisterns and achieving sustainability goals for a sociotechnical water supply system. C2 - 2014/5/29/ C3 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2014 DA - 2014/5/29/ DO - 10.1061/9780784413548.180 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers SN - 9780784413548 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413548.180 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CONF TI - An Agent-Based Modeling Approach to Simulate the Dynamics of Water Supply and Water Demand AU - Ali, Alireza Mashhadi AU - Shafiee, M. Ehsan AU - Berglund, Emily Zechman AU - Arumugam, Sankarasubramanian T2 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2014 AB - Water resources management requires an insightful balance between water demand and water supply. U.S. water supply is at risk of shortage due to population growth, land use changes, climate change, and water use behaviors of customers. Long-term water supply planning is conventionally based on projections of population growth and demands; however, the sustainability of water resources depends on the dynamic interactions among the environmental, technological, and social characteristics of the water system and local population. This research develops a sociotechnical model to simulate the interactions among the social and engineering systems. An agent-based model (ABM) is used to simulate households and water-use behaviors and is coupled with a set of technical models, including climate change projections, a hydrological watershed model, and a water reservoir model. The ABM framework simulates population growth as an increase in the number of household agents, which affects the water supply and demand balance through increasing demands. Household agents increase irrigation demands due to climate change and decrease indoor demands as they adopt low-flow appliances. Agents also respond to drought restrictions by limiting their use of water for outdoor application. The effects of these actions on the reservoir storage are simulated using engineering models and data describing the climatological and hydrological conditions of the watershed. The ABM framework is developed and demonstrated for the Raleigh, North Carolina, water supply system, which withdraws water from the Falls Lake Reservoir. The model is tested against historic data (1983-2013) and is used to explore the effectiveness of policies for the period 2013-2033. Conservation programs and drought restrictions are simulated to evaluate the need to develop new water sources in the future. The ABM framework facilitates simulations that generate new insight about the dynamics involved in the sustainability of water supply and demand. C2 - 2014/5/29/ C3 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2014 DA - 2014/5/29/ DO - 10.1061/9780784413548.179 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers SN - 9780784413548 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413548.179 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CONF TI - Tradeoffs in Public Acceptance and Water Savings in Using Reclaimed Water for Irrigation Applications AU - Schmidt, Michelle AU - Berglund, Emily Zechman AU - Binder, Andrew T2 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2014 AB - Water scarcity is a growing concern, due to stresses imposed by climate change, population growth, and urbanization. Reclaimed water is a reliable source that can be produced by treating wastewater and used to supplement nonpotable demands. According to the U.S. Geological Survey, 128 billion gallons of water are used per day for agricultural irrigation, accounting for roughly 31% of total water usage in the United States. Reclaimed water is a viable option for irrigation applications; however, the success of reclaimed water programs can be affected by public support. This research develops an approach for assessing water savings and acceptability for irrigation applications of reclaimed water. The potential for using reclaimed water in Wake County, North Carolina, is explored through the use of a modeling framework. Potential water savings are evaluated based on the volume of wastewater produced and irrigation demands. The perceptions of using reclaimed water are compared for diverse irrigation applications using results from a recently conducted national survey. Results demonstrate that acceptability for using reclaimed water to irrigate public parks, athletic fields, and residential lawns is higher than the acceptability of use for irrigating food crops. Tradeoffs between public acceptance and the potential reduction of water stress are explored to provide guidance for Wake County infrastructure planning. The modeling methodology is general and can be applied to determine water reclamation potential at the county level across the United States. C2 - 2014/5/29/ C3 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2014 DA - 2014/5/29/ DO - 10.1061/9780784413548.051 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers SN - 9780784413548 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413548.051 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Battle of the Water Networks II AU - Marchi, Angela AU - Salomons, Elad AU - Ostfeld, Avi AU - Kapelan, Zoran AU - Simpson, Angus R. AU - Zecchin, Aaron C. AU - Maier, Holger R. AU - Wu, Zheng Yi AU - Elsayed, Samir M. AU - Song, Yuan AU - Walski, Tom AU - Stokes, Christopher AU - Wu, Wenyan AU - Dandy, Graeme C. AU - Alvisi, Stefano AU - Creaco, Enrico AU - Franchini, Marco AU - Saldarriaga, Juan AU - Páez, Diego AU - Hernández, David AU - Bohórquez, Jessica AU - Bent, Russell AU - Coffrin, Carleton AU - Judi, David AU - McPherson, Tim AU - van Hentenryck, Pascal AU - Matos, José Pedro AU - Monteiro, António Jorge AU - Matias, Natércia AU - Yoo, Do Guen AU - Lee, Ho Min AU - Kim, Joong Hoon AU - Iglesias-Rey, Pedro L. AU - Martínez-Solano, Francisco J. AU - Mora-Meliá, Daniel AU - Ribelles-Aguilar, José V. AU - Guidolin, Michele AU - Fu, Guangtao AU - Reed, Patrick AU - Wang, Qi AU - Liu, Haixing AU - McClymont, Kent AU - Johns, Matthew AU - Keedwell, Edward AU - Kandiah, Venu AU - Jasper, Micah Nathanael AU - Drake, Kristen AU - Shafiee, Ehsan AU - Barandouzi, Mehdy Amirkhanzadeh AU - Berglund, Andrew David AU - Brill, Downey AU - Mahinthakumar, Gnanamanikam AU - Ranjithan, Ranji AU - Zechman, Emily Michelle AU - Morley, Mark S. AU - Tricarico, Carla AU - de Marinis, Giovanni AU - Tolson, Bryan A. AU - Khedr, Ayman AU - Asadzadeh, Masoud T2 - Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management AB - The Battle of the Water Networks II (BWN-II) is the latest of a series of competitions related to the design and operation of water distribution systems (WDSs) undertaken within the Water Distribution Systems Analysis (WDSA) Symposium series. The BWN-II problem specification involved a broadly defined design and operation problem for an existing network that has to be upgraded for increased future demands, and the addition of a new development area. The design decisions involved addition of new and parallel pipes, storage, operational controls for pumps and valves, and sizing of backup power supply. Design criteria involved hydraulic, water quality, reliability, and environmental performance measures. Fourteen teams participated in the Battle and presented their results at the 14th Water Distribution Systems Analysis conference in Adelaide, Australia, September 2012. This paper summarizes the approaches used by the participants and the results they obtained. Given the complexity of the BWN-II problem and the innovative methods required to deal with the multiobjective, high dimensional and computationally demanding nature of the problem, this paper represents a snap-shot of state of the art methods for the design and operation of water distribution systems. A general finding of this paper is that there is benefit in using a combination of heuristic engineering experience and sophisticated optimization algorithms when tackling complex real-world water distribution system design problems. DA - 2014/7// PY - 2014/7// DO - 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000378 VL - 140 IS - 7 SP - 04014009 J2 - J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. LA - en OP - SN - 0733-9496 1943-5452 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000378 DB - Crossref KW - Water distribution systems KW - Optimization KW - Design KW - Pump operation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evolutionary Computation-based Decision-making Framework for Designing Water Networks to Minimize Background Leakage AU - Shafiee, M.E. AU - Berglund, A. AU - Berglund, E. Zechman AU - Brill, E. Downey, Jr. AU - Mahinthakumar, G. T2 - Procedia Engineering AB - Abstract This research minimizes the impact of leaks on the operation of the system to reduce lost water while meeting typical management goals. A genetic algorithm approach is implemented within a high-performance computing platform to select tank sizes, pump placement and operations, placement of pressure control valves, and pipe diameters for replacing pipes. It identifies solutions that minimize water loss, operational costs, and capital costs, while maintaining pressure at nodes and operational feasibility for tanks. Multiple problem formulations are solved that use alternative objective functions and allow varying degrees of freedom in the decision space. The methodology is demonstrated to identify a water distribution system re-design for the C-Town case study. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1016/J.PROENG.2014.11.167 VL - 89 SP - 118-125 J2 - Procedia Engineering LA - en OP - SN - 1877-7058 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.PROENG.2014.11.167 DB - Crossref KW - genetic algorithm KW - water distribution system design KW - rehabilitation KW - infrastructure management ER - TY - JOUR TI - Microalgal biofuels from native biological resource of Pearl River Delta AU - Daroch, Maurycy AU - Jia, Zongchao AU - Shao, Cong AU - Guo, Hui AU - Liu, Ying AU - Cheng, Jay J. T2 - New Biotechnology DA - 2014/7// PY - 2014/7// DO - 10.1016/J.NBT.2014.05.1669 VL - 31 SP - S25 J2 - New Biotechnology LA - en OP - SN - 1871-6784 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.NBT.2014.05.1669 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - A global analysis of the impacts of urbanization on bird and plant diversity reveals key anthropogenic drivers AU - Aronson, M.F.J. AU - La Sorte, F.A. AU - Nilon, C.H. AU - Katti, M. AU - Goddard, M.A. AU - Lepczyk, C.A. AU - Warren, P.S. AU - Williams, N.S.G. AU - Cilliers, S. AU - Clarkson, B. AU - Dobbs, C. AU - Dolan, R. AU - Hedblom, M. AU - Klotz, S. AU - Kooijmans, J.L. AU - Kühn, I. AU - Macgregor-Fors, I. AU - Mcdonnell, M. AU - Mörtberg, U. AU - Py?ek, P. AU - Siebert, S. AU - Sushinsky, J. AU - Werner, P. AU - Winter, M. T2 - Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences AB - Urbanization contributes to the loss of the world's biodiversity and the homogenization of its biota. However, comparative studies of urban biodiversity leading to robust generalities of the status and drivers of biodiversity in cities at the global scale are lacking. Here, we compiled the largest global dataset to date of two diverse taxa in cities: birds (54 cities) and plants (110 cities). We found that the majority of urban bird and plant species are native in the world's cities. Few plants and birds are cosmopolitan, the most common being Columba livia and Poa annua . The density of bird and plant species (the number of species per km 2 ) has declined substantially: only 8% of native bird and 25% of native plant species are currently present compared with estimates of non-urban density of species. The current density of species in cities and the loss in density of species was best explained by anthropogenic features (landcover, city age) rather than by non-anthropogenic factors (geography, climate, topography). As urbanization continues to expand, efforts directed towards the conservation of intact vegetation within urban landscapes could support higher concentrations of both bird and plant species. Despite declines in the density of species, cities still retain endemic native species, thus providing opportunities for regional and global biodiversity conservation, restoration and education. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1098/rspb.2013.3330 VL - 281 IS - 1780 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84893711703&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - anthropogenic activities KW - global biodiversity KW - native species KW - density of species KW - urbanization ER - TY - BOOK TI - REDD+ on the ground: A case book of subnational initiatives across the globe A3 - Sills, E.O. A3 - Atmadja, S. A3 - de Sassi, C. A3 - Duchelle, A.E. A3 - Kweka, D. A3 - Resosudarmo, I.A.P. A3 - Sunderlin, W.D. AB - REDD+ is one of the leading near-term options for global climate change mitigation. More than 300 subnational REDD+ initiatives have been launched across the tropics, responding to both the call for demonstration activities in the Bali Action Plan and the market for voluntary carbon offset credits.
This book describes 23 initiatives in six different countries, including their:

Early expectations of significant funding for REDD+ encouraged proponent organizations to test a wide range of strategies to reduce emissions while also delivering co-benefits. Only some have chosen the strategy of direct payments conditional on actions to reduce deforestation or degradation, and only a very few have sold carbon credits, demonstrating how REDD+ on the ground is actually a mix of old and new strategies.
Faced with enormous challenges, proponents have developed a menu of ways to: secure financial support; clarify forest tenure; cooperate and act across scales; measure, report and verify emissions; and respond to the imperative of safeguarding local livelihoods.
While subnational initiatives have successfully piloted and generated lessons for REDD+, many now face the choice of either ending or transforming into something else, due to the political uncertainty and funding constraints stemming from the failure to reach a global climate change agreement. This book highlights both the critical importance of such an agreement and in its absence, the creative ways that subnational initiatives are operating on the ground.

Contents

Executive summary

Part 1. Introduction

1 REDD+ on the ground: The need for scientific evidence

Part 2. Case reports

BRAZIL

2 Acre's State System of Incentives for Environmental Services (SISA), Brazil
3 Bolsa Floresta, Brazil
4 Cotriguaçu Sempre Verde, Brazil: Conservation and sustainable management of natural resources
5 Jari/Amapá REDD+ Project, Brazil
6 Sustainable Landscapes Pilot Program in São Félix do Xingu, Brazil
7 Sustainable Settlements in the Amazon, Brazil

PERU

8 The REDD Project in Brazil Nut Concessions in Madre de Dios, Peru
9 Valuation of Environmental Services in the Managed Forests of Seven Indigenous Communities in Ucayali, Peru

CAMEROON

10 REDD+ around Mount Cameroon, southwest region of Cameroon
11 Community Payments for Ecosystem Services in the south and east regions of Cameroon

TANZANIA

12 Building REDD Readiness in the Masito Ugalla Ecosystem Pilot Area in Support of Tanzania’s National REDD Strategy
13 Piloting REDD in Zanzibar Through Community Forest Management, Tanzania
14 Making REDD Work for Communities and Forest Conservation in Tanzania
15 Mpingo Conservation and Development Initiative: Combining REDD, PFM and FSC certification in southeastern Tanzania
16 Pilot project on Community-Based REDD Mechanisms for Sustainable Forest Management in Semiarid Areas: The Case of Ngitilis in the Shinyanga Region, Tanzania

INDONESIA

17 Kalimantan Forests and Climate Partnership, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
18 Katingan Peatland Restoration and Conservation Project, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
19 Ketapang Community Carbon Pools, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
20 Rimba Raya Biodiversity Reserve Project, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
21 TNC's initiative within the Berau Forest Carbon Program, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
22 Ulu Masen REDD+ initiative, Aceh, Indonesia

VIETNAM

23 Cat Loc Landscape – Cat Tien National Park Pro-Poor REDD+ Project, Vietnam

Part 3. Synthesis

24 REDD+ on the ground: Global insights from local contexts DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.17528/cifor/005202 SP - 505 PB - Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.17528/cifor/005202 ER - TY - ENCYC TI - The Travel Cost Model AU - Haefen AU - H, Roger T2 - Greenwood A2 - Haab, T. A2 - J. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// PB - Whitehead, Greenwood Publishing ER - TY - JOUR TI - FOGISEW: Modeling FOG Deposit Formation in Sewer Collection System AU - Yousefelahiyeh AU - Roya AU - Dominic AU - Sandeep, Christopher Cyril AU - Ducoste AU - Joel, J T2 - Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation DA - 2014/10/1/ PY - 2014/10/1/ DO - 10.2175/193864714816099365 VL - 2014 IS - 4 SP - 1-10 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pesticide Exposure and Depression among Male Private Pesticide Applicators in the Agricultural Health Study AU - Beard, John D. AU - Umbach, David M. AU - Hoppin, Jane A. AU - Richards, Marie AU - Alavanja, Michael C.R. AU - Blair, Aaron AU - Sandler, Dale P. AU - Kamel, Freya T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives AB - Pesticide exposure may be positively associated with depression. Few previous studies have considered the episodic nature of depression or examined individual pesticides.We evaluated associations between pesticide exposure and depression among male private pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study.We analyzed data for 10 pesticide classes and 50 specific pesticides used by 21,208 applicators enrolled in 1993-1997 who completed a follow-up telephone interview in 2005-2010. We divided applicators who reported a physician diagnosis of depression (n = 1,702; 8%) into those who reported a previous diagnosis of depression at enrollment but not follow-up (n = 474; 28%), at both enrollment and follow-up (n = 540; 32%), and at follow-up but not enrollment (n = 688; 40%) and used polytomous logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs. We used inverse probability weighting to adjust for potential confounders and to account for the exclusion of 3,315 applicators with missing covariate data and 24,619 who did not complete the follow-up interview.After weighting for potential confounders, missing covariate data, and dropout, ever-use of two pesticide classes, fumigants and organochlorine insecticides, and seven individual pesticides-the fumigants aluminum phosphide and ethylene dibromide; the phenoxy herbicide (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4,5-T); the organochlorine insecticide dieldrin; and the organophosphate insecticides diazinon, malathion, and parathion-were all positively associated with depression in each case group, with ORs between 1.1 and 1.9.Our study supports a positive association between pesticide exposure and depression, including associations with several specific pesticides. DA - 2014/9// PY - 2014/9// DO - 10.1289/ehp.1307450 VL - 122 IS - 9 SP - 984-991 J2 - Environmental Health Perspectives LA - en OP - SN - 0091-6765 1552-9924 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307450 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Risk and Insecticide, Fungicide and Fumigant Use in the Agricultural Health Study AU - Alavanja, Michael C. R. AU - Hofmann, Jonathan N. AU - Lynch, Charles F. AU - Hines, Cynthia J. AU - Barry, Kathryn H. AU - Barker, Joseph AU - Buckman, Dennis W. AU - Thomas, Kent AU - Sandler, Dale P. AU - Hoppin, Jane A. AU - Koutros, Stella AU - Andreotti, Gabriella AU - Lubin, Jay H. AU - Blair, Aaron AU - Beane Freeman, Laura E. T2 - PLoS ONE AB - Farming and pesticide use have previously been linked to non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and multiple myeloma (MM). We evaluated agricultural use of specific insecticides, fungicides, and fumigants and risk of NHL and NHL-subtypes (including CLL and MM) in a U.S.-based prospective cohort of farmers and commercial pesticide applicators. A total of 523 cases occurred among 54,306 pesticide applicators from enrollment (1993-97) through December 31, 2011 in Iowa, and December 31, 2010 in North Carolina. Information on pesticide use, other agricultural exposures and other factors was obtained from questionnaires at enrollment and at follow-up approximately five years later (1999-2005). Information from questionnaires, monitoring, and the literature were used to create lifetime-days and intensity-weighted lifetime days of pesticide use, taking into account exposure-modifying factors. Poisson and polytomous models were used to calculate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to evaluate associations between 26 pesticides and NHL and five NHL-subtypes, while adjusting for potential confounding factors. For total NHL, statistically significant positive exposure-response trends were seen with lindane and DDT. Terbufos was associated with total NHL in ever/never comparisons only. In subtype analyses, terbufos and DDT were associated with small cell lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia/marginal cell lymphoma, lindane and diazinon with follicular lymphoma, and permethrin with MM. However, tests of homogeneity did not show significant differences in exposure-response among NHL-subtypes for any pesticide. Because 26 pesticides were evaluated for their association with NHL and its subtypes, some chance finding could have occurred. Our results showed pesticides from different chemical and functional classes were associated with an excess risk of NHL and NHL subtypes, but not all members of any single class of pesticides were associated with an elevated risk of NHL or NHL subtypes. These findings are among the first to suggest links between DDT, lindane, permethrin, diazinon and terbufos with NHL subtypes. DA - 2014/10/22/ PY - 2014/10/22/ DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0109332 VL - 9 IS - 10 SP - e109332 J2 - PLoS ONE LA - en OP - SN - 1932-6203 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0109332 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of Escherichia coli Isolates from Feces, Hands, and Soils in Rural Bangladesh via the Colilert Quanti-Tray System AU - Julian, Timothy R. AU - Islam, M. Aminul AU - Pickering, Amy J. AU - Roy, Subarna AU - Fuhrmeister, Erica R. AU - Ercumen, Ayse AU - Harris, Angela AU - Bishai, Jason AU - Schwab, Kellogg J. T2 - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AB - ABSTRACT The increased awareness of the role of environmental matrices in enteric disease transmission has resulted in the need for rapid, field-based methods for fecal indicator bacteria and pathogen detection. Evidence of the specificity of β-glucuronidase-based assays for detection of Escherichia coli from environmental matrices relevant to enteric pathogen transmission in developing countries, such as hands, soils, and surfaces, is limited. In this study, we quantify the false-positive rate of a β-glucuronidase-based E. coli detection assay (Colilert) for two environmental reservoirs in Bangladeshi households (hands and soils) and three fecal composite sources (cattle, chicken, and humans). We investigate whether or not the isolation source of E. coli influences phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. Phenotypic characteristics include results of biochemical assays provided by the API-20E test; genotypic characteristics include the Clermont phylogroup and the presence of enteric and/or environmental indicator genes sfmH , rfaI , and fucK . Our findings demonstrate no statistically significant difference in the false-positive rate of Colilert for environmental compared to enteric samples. E. coli isolates from all source types are genetically diverse, representing six of the seven phylogroups, and there is no difference in relative frequency of phylogroups between enteric and environmental samples. We conclude that Colilert, and likely other β-glucuronidase-based assays, is appropriate for detection of E. coli on hands and in soils with low false-positive rates. Furthermore, E. coli isolated from hands and soils in Bangladeshi households are diverse and indistinguishable from cattle, chicken, and human fecal isolates, using traditional biochemical assays and phylogrouping. DA - 2014/12/29/ PY - 2014/12/29/ DO - 10.1128/aem.03214-14 VL - 81 IS - 5 SP - 1735-1743 J2 - Appl. Environ. Microbiol. LA - en OP - SN - 0099-2240 1098-5336 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03214-14 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CHAP TI - Occupational and Environmental Health Impacts from Mining in Orissa, India AU - Sanglimsuwan, Karnjana AU - Sills, Erin O. AU - Pattanayak, Subhrendu K. AU - Saha, Shubhayu AU - Singha, Ashok AU - Sahoo, Barendra T2 - Environment and Development Economics AB - Mining brings jobs and economic development, but also significant health impacts. This chapter provides empirical estimates of the environmental health impacts of mining in Orissa, India. People working in the mine are found to be more vulnerable to respiratory diseases, but less vulnerable to fever. People living near the mine, by contrast, are found to be more vulnerable to waterborne diseases and fever. The implication is that mining development needs to be supported by cost-benefit analysis, and accompanied by appropriate regulation. PY - 2014/4/17/ DO - 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199677856.003.0015 SP - 310-331 OP - PB - Oxford University Press SN - 9780199677856 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199677856.003.0015 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Detecting and interpreting secondary forest on an old Amazonian frontier AU - Caviglia-Harris, Jill L. AU - Toomey, Michael AU - Harris, Daniel W. AU - Mullan, Katrina AU - Bell, Andrew Reid AU - Sills, Erin O. AU - Roberts, Dar A. T2 - Journal of Land Use Science AB - Land uses that replace tropical forests are important determinants of terrestrial carbon storage and biodiversity. This includes secondary forest growth after deforestation, which has been integrated into the REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) concept as a means to enhance current forest carbon stocks. Incorporating secondary forest into climate change mitigation efforts requires both accurate measurements and a means to target interventions to achieve additionality. We demonstrate how remote sensing and household survey data can be combined to meet these requirements in ‘old frontiers’ of the Brazilian Amazon and introduce the idea that annual land-cover transitions − measured at the pixel level and over time − can serve as leading indicators of secondary forest regrowth. The patterns we observe are consistent with the suggested tension between equity and additionality in REDD+: the poorest households on the poorest quality lots already allow forest regeneration. Policy interventions to encourage regeneration are likely to have the greatest additional impact on higher quality lots owned by better capitalized households. DA - 2014/8// PY - 2014/8// DO - 10.1080/1747423x.2014.940614 VL - 10 IS - 4 SP - 442-465 J2 - Journal of Land Use Science LA - en OP - SN - 1747-423X 1747-4248 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1747423x.2014.940614 DB - Crossref KW - secondary forest KW - tropical deforestation KW - Amazon KW - remote sensing data KW - survey data KW - Benford's law KW - reliability index ER - TY - JOUR TI - Enteric Pathogens in Stored Drinking Water and on Caregiver’s Hands in Tanzanian Households with and without Reported Cases of Child Diarrhea AU - Mattioli, Mia Catharine AU - Boehm, Alexandria B. AU - Davis, Jennifer AU - Harris, Angela R. AU - Mrisho, Mwifadhi AU - Pickering, Amy J. T2 - PLoS ONE AB - Diarrhea is one of the leading causes of mortality in young children. Diarrheal pathogens are transmitted via the fecal-oral route, and for children the majority of this transmission is thought to occur within the home. However, very few studies have documented enteric pathogens within households of low-income countries.The presence of molecular markers for three enteric viruses (enterovirus, adenovirus, and rotavirus), seven Escherichia coli virulence genes (ECVG), and human-specific Bacteroidales was assessed in hand rinses and household stored drinking water in Bagamoyo, Tanzania. Using a matched case-control study design, we examined the relationship between contamination of hands and water with these markers and child diarrhea. We found that the presence of ECVG in household stored water was associated with a significant decrease in the odds of a child within the home having diarrhea (OR = 0.51; 95% confidence interval 0.27-0.93). We also evaluated water management and hygiene behaviors. Recent hand contact with water or food was positively associated with detection of enteric pathogen markers on hands, as was relatively lower volumes of water reportedly used for daily hand washing. Enteropathogen markers in stored drinking water were more likely found among households in which the markers were also detected on hands, as well as in households with unimproved water supply and sanitation infrastructure.The prevalence of enteric pathogen genes and the human-specific Bacteroidales fecal marker in stored water and on hands suggests extensive environmental contamination within homes both with and without reported child diarrhea. Better stored water quality among households with diarrhea indicates caregivers with sick children may be more likely to ensure safe drinking water in the home. Interventions to increase the quantity of water available for hand washing, and to improve food hygiene, may reduce exposure to enteric pathogens in the domestic environment. DA - 2014/1/2/ PY - 2014/1/2/ DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0084939 VL - 9 IS - 1 SP - e84939 J2 - PLoS ONE LA - en OP - SN - 1932-6203 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0084939 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Biochar as a sustainable electrode material for electricity production in microbial fuel cells AU - Huggins, T. AU - Wang, H. AU - Kearns, J. AU - Jenkins, P. AU - Ren, Z.J. T2 - Bioresource Technology AB - Wood-based biochars were used as microbial fuel cell electrodes to significantly reduce cost and carbon footprint. The biochar was made using forestry residue (BCc) and compressed milling residue (BCp). Side-by-side comparison show the specific area of BCp (469.9m(2)g(-1)) and BCc (428.6cm(2)g(-1)) is lower than granular activated carbon (GAC) (1247.8m(2)g(-1)) but higher than graphite granule (GG) (0.44m(2)g(-1)). Both biochars showed power outputs of 532±18mWm(-2) (BCp) and 457±20mWm(-2) (BCc), comparable with GAC (674±10mWm(-2)) and GG (566±5mWm(-2)). However, lower material expenses made their power output cost 17-35US$W(-1), 90% cheaper than GAC (402US$W(-1)) or GG (392US$W(-1)). Biochar from waste also reduced the energy and carbon footprint associated with electrode manufacturing and the disposal of which could have additional agronomic benefits. DA - 2014/4// PY - 2014/4// DO - 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.058 VL - 157 SP - 114–119 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.058 KW - Biochar KW - Electrode KW - Microbial fuel cell KW - Bioelectrochemical KW - Electricity ER - TY - JOUR TI - Complete Proteomic-Based Enzyme Reaction and Inhibition Kinetics Reveal How Monolignol Biosynthetic Enzyme Families Affect Metabolic Flux and Lignin in Populus trichocarpa AU - Wang, Jack P. AU - Naik, Punith P. AU - Chen, Hsi-Chuan AU - Shi, Rui AU - Lin, Chien-Yuan AU - Liu, Jie AU - Shuford, Christopher M. AU - Li, Quanzi AU - Sun, Ying-Hsuan AU - Tunlaya-Anukit, Sermsawat AU - Williams, Cranos M. AU - Muddiman, David C. AU - Ducoste, Joel J. AU - Sederoff, Ronald R. AU - Chiang, Vincent L. T2 - The Plant Cell AB - We established a predictive kinetic metabolic-flux model for the 21 enzymes and 24 metabolites of the monolignol biosynthetic pathway using Populus trichocarpa secondary differentiating xylem. To establish this model, a comprehensive study was performed to obtain the reaction and inhibition kinetic parameters of all 21 enzymes based on functional recombinant proteins. A total of 104 Michaelis-Menten kinetic parameters and 85 inhibition kinetic parameters were derived from these enzymes. Through mass spectrometry, we obtained the absolute quantities of all 21 pathway enzymes in the secondary differentiating xylem. This extensive experimental data set, generated from a single tissue specialized in wood formation, was used to construct the predictive kinetic metabolic-flux model to provide a comprehensive mathematical description of the monolignol biosynthetic pathway. The model was validated using experimental data from transgenic P. trichocarpa plants. The model predicts how pathway enzymes affect lignin content and composition, explains a long-standing paradox regarding the regulation of monolignol subunit ratios in lignin, and reveals novel mechanisms involved in the regulation of lignin biosynthesis. This model provides an explanation of the effects of genetic and transgenic perturbations of the monolignol biosynthetic pathway in flowering plants. DA - 2014/3// PY - 2014/3// DO - 10.1105/tpc.113.120881 VL - 26 IS - 3 SP - 894-914 J2 - Plant Cell LA - en OP - SN - 1040-4651 1532-298X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.113.120881 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Prevalence of allergic sensitization in the United States: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2006 AU - Salo, Päivi M. AU - Arbes, Samuel J., Jr. AU - Jaramillo, Renee AU - Calatroni, Agustin AU - Weir, Charles H. AU - Sever, Michelle L. AU - Hoppin, Jane A. AU - Rose, Kathryn M. AU - Liu, Andrew H. AU - Gergen, Peter J. AU - Mitchell, Herman E. AU - Zeldin, Darryl C. T2 - Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology AB - Allergic sensitization is an important risk factor for the development of atopic disease. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2006 provides the most comprehensive information on IgE-mediated sensitization in the general US population.We investigated clustering, sociodemographic, and regional patterns of allergic sensitization and examined risk factors associated with IgE-mediated sensitization.Data for this cross-sectional analysis were obtained from NHANES 2005-2006. Participants aged 1 year or older (n = 9440) were tested for serum specific IgEs (sIgEs) to inhalant and food allergens; participants 6 years or older were tested for 19 sIgEs, and children aged 1 to 5 years were tested for 9 sIgEs. Serum samples were analyzed by using the ImmunoCAP System. Information on demographics and participants' characteristics was collected by means of questionnaire.Of the study population aged 6 years and older, 44.6% had detectable sIgEs, whereas 36.2% of children aged 1 to 5 years were sensitized to 1 or more allergens. Allergen-specific IgEs clustered into 7 groups that might have largely reflected biological cross-reactivity. Although sensitization to individual allergens and allergen types showed regional variation, the overall prevalence of sensitization did not differ across census regions, except in early childhood. In multivariate modeling young age, male sex, non-Hispanic black race/ethnicity, geographic location (census region), and reported pet avoidance measures were most consistently associated with IgE-mediated sensitization.The overall prevalence of allergic sensitization does not vary across US census regions, except in early life, although allergen-specific sensitization differs based on sociodemographic and regional factors. Biological cross-reactivity might be an important but not the sole contributor to the clustering of allergen-specific IgEs. DA - 2014/8// PY - 2014/8// DO - 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.12.1071 VL - 134 IS - 2 SP - 350-359 J2 - Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology LA - en OP - SN - 0091-6749 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2013.12.1071 DB - Crossref KW - Allergen KW - allergy KW - allergic sensitization KW - serum IgE ER - TY - JOUR TI - Reliability of triclosan measures in repeated urine samples from Norwegian pregnant women AU - Bertelsen, Randi J AU - Engel, Stephanie M AU - Jusko, Todd A AU - Calafat, Antonia M AU - Hoppin, Jane A AU - London, Stephanie J AU - Eggesbø, Merete AU - Aase, Heidi AU - Zeiner, Pål AU - Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted AU - Knudsen, Gun P AU - Guidry, Virginia T AU - Longnecker, Matthew P T2 - Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology AB - Triclosan (TCS) is a synthetic antibacterial chemical that is used in personal care products and is measurable in urine. Urinary TCS has been associated with allergy in children in Norway and the United States. A reasonable degree of temporal reliability of TCS urinary concentrations has been reported among US children as well as for Puerto Rican pregnant women. We examined the reliability of TCS measures in urine among Norwegian pregnant women. TCS was measured in spot urine samples collected in gestational weeks 17, 23, and 29 from 45 women in The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) enrolled in 2007 and 2008. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (rs) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) statistics were calculated. Fifty-six percent of the 45 women had a least one sample with a value above the method limit of detection (2.3 μg/l). The correlation coefficients were 0.61 for TCS concentrations at 17 and 23 weeks and 0.49 for concentrations at 17 and 29 weeks. For the three time points, the ICC was 0.49. The reliability of TCS concentrations in repeated urine samples from pregnant Norwegian women was reasonably good, suggesting a single urine sample can adequately represent TCS exposure during pregnancy. DA - 2014/1/29/ PY - 2014/1/29/ DO - 10.1038/jes.2013.95 VL - 24 IS - 5 SP - 517-521 J2 - J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol LA - en OP - SN - 1559-0631 1559-064X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jes.2013.95 DB - Crossref KW - biomarkers KW - MoBa KW - intraclass correlation coefficient KW - pregnancy KW - reliability KW - triclosan ER - TY - JOUR TI - Perfluoroalkyl Substances During Pregnancy and Validated Preeclampsia Among Nulliparous Women in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study AU - Starling, A. P. AU - Engel, S. M. AU - Richardson, D. B. AU - Baird, D. D. AU - Haug, L. S. AU - Stuebe, A. M. AU - Klungsoyr, K. AU - Harmon, Q. AU - Becher, G. AU - Thomsen, C. AU - Sabaredzovic, A. AU - Eggesbo, M. AU - Hoppin, J. A. AU - Travlos, G. S. AU - Wilson, R. E. AU - Trogstad, L. I. AU - Magnus, P. AU - Longnecker, M. P. T2 - American Journal of Epidemiology AB - Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent and ubiquitous environmental contaminants, and human exposure to these substances may be related to preeclampsia, a common pregnancy complication. Previous studies have found serum concentrations of PFAS to be positively associated with pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia in a population with high levels of exposure to perfluorooctanoate. Whether this association exists among pregnant women with background levels of PFAS exposure is unknown. Using data from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study conducted by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health, we carried out a study of nulliparous pregnant women enrolled in 2003-2007 (466 cases, 510 noncases) to estimate associations between PFAS concentrations and an independently validated diagnosis of preeclampsia. We measured levels of 9 PFAS in maternal plasma extracted midpregnancy; statistical analyses were restricted to 7 PFAS that were quantifiable in more than 50% of samples. In proportional hazards models adjusted for maternal age, prepregnancy body mass index (weight (kg)/height (m)(2)), educational level, and smoking status, we observed no strongly positive associations between PFAS levels and preeclampsia. We found an inverse association between preeclampsia and the highest quartile of perfluoroundecanoic acid concentration relative to the lowest quartile (hazard ratio = 0.55, 95% confidence interval: 0.38, 0.81). Overall, our findings do not support an increased risk of preeclampsia among nulliparous Norwegian women with background levels of PFAS exposure. DA - 2014/2/20/ PY - 2014/2/20/ DO - 10.1093/aje/kwt432 VL - 179 IS - 7 SP - 824-833 J2 - American Journal of Epidemiology LA - en OP - SN - 0002-9262 1476-6256 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwt432 DB - Crossref KW - Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study KW - perfluoroalkyl substances KW - perfluorooctanoic acid KW - perfluorooctane sulfonate KW - perfluoroundecanoic acid KW - preeclampsia ER - TY - JOUR TI - Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter: Association with Nonaccidental and Cardiovascular Mortality in the Agricultural Health Study Cohort AU - Weichenthal, Scott AU - Villeneuve, Paul J. AU - Burnett, Richard T. AU - van Donkelaar, Aaron AU - Martin, Randall V. AU - Jones, Rena R. AU - DellaValle, Curt T. AU - Sandler, Dale P. AU - Ward, Mary H. AU - Hoppin, Jane A. T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives AB - Few studies have examined the relationship between long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nonaccidental mortality in rural populations.We examined the relationship between PM2.5 and nonaccidental and cardiovascular mortality in the U.S. Agricultural Health Study cohort.The cohort (n = 83,378) included farmers, their spouses, and commercial pesticide applicators residing primarily in Iowa and North Carolina. Deaths occurring between enrollment (1993-1997) and 30 December 2009 were identified by record linkage. Six-year average (2001-2006) remote-sensing derived estimates of PM2.5 were assigned to participants' residences at enrollment, and Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) in relation to a 10-μg/m(3) increase in PM2.5 adjusted for individual-level covariates.In total, 5,931 nonaccidental and 1,967 cardiovascular deaths occurred over a median follow-up time of 13.9 years. PM2.5 was not associated with nonaccidental mortality in the cohort as a whole (HR = 0.95; 95% CI: 0.76, 1.20), but consistent inverse relationships were observed among women. Positive associations were observed between ambient PM2.5 and cardiovascular mortality among men, and these associations were strongest among men who did not move from their enrollment address (HR = 1.63; 95% 0.94, 2.84). In particular, cardiovascular mortality risk in men was significantly increased when analyses were limited to nonmoving participants with the most precise exposure geocoding (HR = 1.87; 95% CI: 1.04, 3.36).Rural PM2.5 may be associated with cardiovascular mortality in men; however, similar associations were not observed among women. Further evaluation is required to explore these sex differences. DA - 2014/6// PY - 2014/6// DO - 10.1289/ehp.1307277 VL - 122 IS - 6 SP - 609-615 J2 - Environmental Health Perspectives LA - en OP - SN - 0091-6765 1552-9924 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307277 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Exacerbation of symptoms in agricultural pesticide applicators with asthma AU - Henneberger, P.K. AU - Liang, X. AU - London, S.J. AU - Umbach, D.M. AU - Sandler, D.P. AU - Hoppin, J.A. T2 - International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health AB - Exacerbation is a critical event in asthma management. We investigated whether exacerbation of symptoms is associated with farming exposures among agricultural pesticide applicators with asthma. Participants were pesticide applicators with active asthma (wheezing and breathing problems in past 12 months) who completed enrollment questionnaires for the Agricultural Health Study (AHS). Exacerbation of asthma was defined as having visited a hospital emergency room or doctor for an episode of wheezing or whistling in the past 12 months. Exposures of interest were using 36 specific pesticides in the past 12 months and conducting various agricultural activities. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were estimated by logistic regression while controlling for potential confounders. The 926 AHS adult pesticide applicators with active asthma included 202 (22 %) with exacerbation. Inverse associations with exacerbation were observed for two herbicides [glyphosate, odds ratio (OR) = 0.5, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.3, 0.8, and paraquat, OR = 0.3, 95 % CI 0.1, 0.9] and several agricultural activities (repairing engines, grinding metal, driving diesel tractors, and performing veterinary procedures). Only asthma cases with allergies (i.e., doctor-diagnosed hay fever or eczema, 46 %) had positive exacerbation–pesticide associations, with OR = 2.1 (95 % CI 1.1, 4.1) for the herbicide pendimethalin and OR = 10.2 (95 % CI 1.9, 55) for the insecticide aldicarb. The inverse associations with two pesticides and specific farm activities are consistent with the possibility that asthma cases prone to exacerbation may avoid exposures that trigger symptoms. Although limited by small sample size and a cross-sectional design, our study suggests that use of specific pesticides may contribute to exacerbation of asthma among individuals with allergies. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1007/s00420-013-0881-x VL - 87 IS - 4 SP - 423-432 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84901048698&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Perfluoroalkyl substances and lipid concentrations in plasma during pregnancy among women in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study AU - Starling, Anne P. AU - Engel, Stephanie M. AU - Whitworth, Kristina W. AU - Richardson, David B. AU - Stuebe, Alison M. AU - Daniels, Julie L. AU - Haug, Line Småstuen AU - Eggesbø, Merete AU - Becher, Georg AU - Sabaredzovic, Azemira AU - Thomsen, Cathrine AU - Wilson, Ralph E. AU - Travlos, Gregory S. AU - Hoppin, Jane A. AU - Baird, Donna D. AU - Longnecker, Matthew P. T2 - Environment International AB - Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are widespread and persistent environmental pollutants. Previous studies, primarily among non-pregnant individuals, suggest positive associations between PFAS levels and certain blood lipids. If there is a causal link between PFAS concentrations and elevated lipids during pregnancy, this may suggest a mechanism by which PFAS exposure leads to certain adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preeclampsia. This cross-sectional analysis included 891 pregnant women enrolled in the Norwegian Mother and Child (MoBa) Cohort Study in 2003–2004. Non-fasting plasma samples were obtained at mid-pregnancy and analyzed for nineteen PFASs. Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured in plasma. Linear regression was used to quantify associations between each PFAS exposure and each lipid outcome. A multiple PFAS model was also fitted. Seven PFASs were quantifiable in > 50% of samples. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) concentration was associated with total cholesterol, which increased 4.2 mg/dL per inter-quartile shift (95% CI = 0.8, 7.7) in adjusted models. Five of the seven PFASs studied were positively associated with HDL cholesterol, and all seven had elevated HDL associated with the highest quartile of exposure. Perfluoroundecanoic acid showed the strongest association with HDL: HDL increased 3.7 mg/dL per inter-quartile shift (95% CI = 2.5, 4.9). Plasma concentrations of PFASs were positively associated with HDL cholesterol, and PFOS was positively associated with total cholesterol in this sample of pregnant Norwegian women. While elevated HDL is not an adverse outcome per se, elevated total cholesterol associated with PFASs during pregnancy could be of concern if causal. DA - 2014/1// PY - 2014/1// DO - 10.1016/j.envint.2013.10.004 VL - 62 SP - 104-112 J2 - Environment International LA - en OP - SN - 0160-4120 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2013.10.004 DB - Crossref KW - The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study MoBa KW - Perfluoroalkyl substances KW - Perfluorooctanoic acid KW - Perfluorooctane sulfonate ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dietary fat intake, pesticide use, and Parkinson's disease AU - Kamel, Freya AU - Goldman, Samuel M. AU - Umbach, David M. AU - Chen, Honglei AU - Richardson, Gina AU - Barber, Marie Richards AU - Meng, Cheryl AU - Marras, Connie AU - Korell, Monica AU - Kasten, Meike AU - Hoppin, Jane A. AU - Comyns, Kathleen AU - Chade, Anabel AU - Blair, Aaron AU - Bhudhikanok, Grace S. AU - Webster Ross, G. AU - William Langston, J. AU - Sandler, Dale P. AU - Tanner, Caroline M. T2 - Parkinsonism & Related Disorders AB - Dietary fat intake may modify Parkinson's disease (PD) risk directly or by altering the response to environmental neurotoxicants including pesticides.We conducted a case-control study of PD nested in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS), a cohort of pesticide applicators and spouses. We evaluated diet and pesticide use before diagnosis in 89 PD cases, confirmed by movement disorder specialists, or a corresponding date in 336 frequency-matched controls. Associations were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).In the AHS, PD was inversely associated with N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.8 for highest vs. lowest tertile) and the N-3 precursor α-linolenic acid (0.4, 0.2-0.8). In a meta-analysis of nine studies, including the present one, PD was inversely associated with α-linolenic acid (0.81, 0.68-0.96). In the AHS, associations of PD with the pesticides paraquat and rotenone were modified by fat intake. The OR for paraquat was 4.2 (1.5-12) in individuals with PUFA intake below the median but 1.2 (0.4-3.4) in those with higher intake (p-interaction = 0.10). The OR for rotenone was 5.8 (2.3-15) in those with saturated fat intake above the median but 1.5 (0.5-4.2) in those with lower intake (p-interaction = 0.02).PUFA intake was consistently associated with lower PD risk, and dietary fats modified the association of PD risk with pesticide exposure. If confirmed, these findings suggest that a diet high in PUFAs and low in saturated fats might reduce risk of PD. DA - 2014/1// PY - 2014/1// DO - 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2013.09.023 VL - 20 IS - 1 SP - 82-87 J2 - Parkinsonism & Related Disorders LA - en OP - SN - 1353-8020 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2013.09.023 DB - Crossref KW - Parkinson's disease KW - Dietary fat KW - Polyunsaturated fatty acids KW - Pesticides ER - TY - JOUR TI - Association between Class III Obesity (BMI of 40–59 kg/m2) and Mortality: A Pooled Analysis of 20 Prospective Studies AU - Kitahara, Cari M. AU - Flint, Alan J. AU - Berrington de Gonzalez, Amy AU - Bernstein, Leslie AU - Brotzman, Michelle AU - MacInnis, Robert J. AU - Moore, Steven C. AU - Robien, Kim AU - Rosenberg, Philip S. AU - Singh, Pramil N. AU - Weiderpass, Elisabete AU - Adami, Hans Olov AU - Anton-Culver, Hoda AU - Ballard-Barbash, Rachel AU - Buring, Julie E. AU - Freedman, D. Michal AU - Fraser, Gary E. AU - Beane Freeman, Laura E. AU - Gapstur, Susan M. AU - Gaziano, John Michael AU - Giles, Graham G. AU - Håkansson, Niclas AU - Hoppin, Jane A. AU - Hu, Frank B. AU - Koenig, Karen AU - Linet, Martha S. AU - Park, Yikyung AU - Patel, Alpa V. AU - Purdue, Mark P. AU - Schairer, Catherine AU - Sesso, Howard D. AU - Visvanathan, Kala AU - White, Emily AU - Wolk, Alicja AU - Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne AU - Hartge, Patricia T2 - PLoS Medicine AB - The prevalence of class III obesity (body mass index [BMI]≥40 kg/m2) has increased dramatically in several countries and currently affects 6% of adults in the US, with uncertain impact on the risks of illness and death. Using data from a large pooled study, we evaluated the risk of death, overall and due to a wide range of causes, and years of life expectancy lost associated with class III obesity.In a pooled analysis of 20 prospective studies from the United States, Sweden, and Australia, we estimated sex- and age-adjusted total and cause-specific mortality rates (deaths per 100,000 persons per year) and multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for adults, aged 19-83 y at baseline, classified as obese class III (BMI 40.0-59.9 kg/m2) compared with those classified as normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2). Participants reporting ever smoking cigarettes or a history of chronic disease (heart disease, cancer, stroke, or emphysema) on baseline questionnaires were excluded. Among 9,564 class III obesity participants, mortality rates were 856.0 in men and 663.0 in women during the study period (1976-2009). Among 304,011 normal-weight participants, rates were 346.7 and 280.5 in men and women, respectively. Deaths from heart disease contributed largely to the excess rates in the class III obesity group (rate differences = 238.9 and 132.8 in men and women, respectively), followed by deaths from cancer (rate differences = 36.7 and 62.3 in men and women, respectively) and diabetes (rate differences = 51.2 and 29.2 in men and women, respectively). Within the class III obesity range, multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for total deaths and deaths due to heart disease, cancer, diabetes, nephritis/nephrotic syndrome/nephrosis, chronic lower respiratory disease, and influenza/pneumonia increased with increasing BMI. Compared with normal-weight BMI, a BMI of 40-44.9, 45-49.9, 50-54.9, and 55-59.9 kg/m2 was associated with an estimated 6.5 (95% CI: 5.7-7.3), 8.9 (95% CI: 7.4-10.4), 9.8 (95% CI: 7.4-12.2), and 13.7 (95% CI: 10.5-16.9) y of life lost. A limitation was that BMI was mainly ascertained by self-report.Class III obesity is associated with substantially elevated rates of total mortality, with most of the excess deaths due to heart disease, cancer, and diabetes, and major reductions in life expectancy compared with normal weight. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary. DA - 2014/7/8/ PY - 2014/7/8/ DO - 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001673 VL - 11 IS - 7 SP - e1001673 J2 - PLoS Med LA - en OP - SN - 1549-1676 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001673 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CHAP TI - Research in Public Health for Efficient, Effective, and Equitable Outcomes AU - Ayer, Turgay AU - Keskinocak, Pinar AU - Swann, Julie T2 - Bridging Data and Decisions AB - Free AccessAboutSectionsView PDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail Go to SectionFree Access HomeINFORMS TutORials in Operations ResearchBridging Data and Decisions Research in Public Health for Efficient, Effective, and Equitable OutcomesTurgay Ayer, Pinar Keskinocak, Julie SwannTurgay Ayer, Pinar Keskinocak, Julie SwannPublished Online:27 Oct 2014https://doi.org/10.1287/educ.2014.0129Abstract Public health focuses on preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health in a population, and there are many ways in which operations research and management science (OR/MS) researchers can contribute to improved decision making in this area. In this tutorial, we discuss examples of work in several areas of public health, including access and equity, disease screening, chronic diseases, and infectious diseases. In each of these areas, we give a brief overview of challenging issues and related literature, give a specific example of a research topic, and point to potential future directions for research. We describe several trends that could impact future public health research including population ageing and an increased use of electronic records. The tutorial is intended to introduce OR/MS researchers to the many opportunities for having a positive impact on specific populations and society overall, through OR/MS research related to public health. This publication has no references to display. Your Access Options Login Options INFORMS Member Login Nonmember Login Purchase Options Save for later Item saved, go to cart Tutorials in OR, TutorialsNew $20.00 Add to cart Tutorials in OR, TutorialsNew Checkout Other Options Token Access Insert token number Claim access using a token Restore guest access Applies for purchases made as a guest Previous Back to Top Next FiguresReferencesRelatedInformationCited byA Review of the Healthcare-Management (Modeling) Literature Published in Manufacturing & Service Operations ManagementPinar Keskinocak, Nicos Savva17 December 2019 | Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, Vol. 22, No. 1 Bridging Data and DecisionsSeptember 2014 Article Information Metrics Information Published Online:October 27, 2014 Copyright © 2014, INFORMSCite asTurgay AyerPinar KeskinocakJulie Swann (2014) Research in Public Health for Efficient, Effective, and Equitable Outcomes. INFORMS TutORials in Operations Research null(null):216-239. https://doi.org/10.1287/educ.2014.0129 Keywordsoperations researchmanagement scienceanalyticspublic healthhealth systemsaccessequitychronic diseaseinfectious diseasescreeningPDF download PY - 2014/9// DO - 10.1287/educ.2014.0129 SP - 216-239 OP - PB - INFORMS SN - 9780984337859 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/educ.2014.0129 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Scaling the house: optimal seating zones for entertainment venues when location of seats affects demand AU - Phumchusri, Naragain AU - Swann, Julie L. T2 - International Journal of Revenue Management AB - This paper studies the problem of 'Scaling the House', or how venue managers should optimally divide seats into sections with different prices. From previous study, it was found that distance from the stage and distance from the seating row's centre affect demand. We develop a two–dimensional zoning model for the optimal 'Scaling the House' decisions. When demand is not significantly sensitive to distance from the centre, we present an alternative one–dimensional zoning model and show that the optimal seating row (to be priced at a higher price before switching to the next lower price) is the row whose expected revenue when charging at a high price is equal to the expected revenue when charging at a low price. We provide key comparative statics on how model parameters impact the optimal decisions and discuss the important managerial insights on when it is most worthwhile to section seats into two dimensional zones. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1504/ijrm.2014.067334 VL - 8 IS - 1 SP - 56 J2 - IJRM LA - en OP - SN - 1474-7332 1741-8186 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijrm.2014.067334 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Spatial accessibility of pediatric primary healthcare: Measurement and inference AU - Nobles, Mallory AU - Serban, Nicoleta AU - Swann, Julie T2 - The Annals of Applied Statistics AB - Although improving financial access is in the spotlight of the current U.S. health policy agenda, this alone does not address universal and comprehensive healthcare. Affordability is one barrier to healthcare, but others such as availability and accessibility, together defined as spatial accessibility, are equally important. In this paper, we develop a measurement and modeling framework that can be used to infer the impact of policy changes on disparities in spatial accessibility within and across different population groups. The underlying model for measuring spatial accessibility is optimization-based and accounts for constraints in the healthcare delivery system. The measurement method is complemented by statistical modeling and inference on the impact of various potential contributing factors to disparities in spatial accessibility. The emphasis of this study is on children’s accessibility to primary care pediatricians, piloted for the state of Georgia. We focus on disparities in accessibility between and within two populations: children insured by Medicaid and other children. We find that disparities in spatial accessibility to pediatric primary care in Georgia are significant, and resistant to many policy interventions, suggesting the need for major changes to the structure of Georgia’s pediatric healthcare provider network. DA - 2014/12// PY - 2014/12// DO - 10.1214/14-aoas728 VL - 8 IS - 4 SP - 1922-1946 J2 - Ann. Appl. Stat. LA - en OP - SN - 1932-6157 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/14-aoas728 DB - Crossref KW - Healthcare access KW - optimization model KW - pediatric healthcare KW - spatial accessibility KW - spatial-varying coefficient model ER - TY - JOUR TI - Balancing investments in federally qualified health centers and Medicaid for improved access and coverage in Pennsylvania AU - Griffin, Paul M. AU - Lee, Hyunji AU - Scherrer, Christina AU - Swann, Julie L. T2 - Health Care Management Science DA - 2014/1/16/ PY - 2014/1/16/ DO - 10.1007/s10729-013-9265-8 VL - 17 IS - 4 SP - 348-364 J2 - Health Care Manag Sci LA - en OP - SN - 1386-9620 1572-9389 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10729-013-9265-8 DB - Crossref KW - Medicaid KW - Federally qualified health centers KW - Multi-criteria optimization KW - Utility ER - TY - JOUR TI - Modeling Influenza Pandemic and Planning Food Distribution AU - Ekici, Ali AU - Keskinocak, Pınar AU - Swann, Julie L. T2 - Manufacturing & Service Operations Management AB - Based on the recent incidents of H5N1, H1N1, and influenza pandemics in history (1918, 1957, and 1968) experts believe that a future influenza pandemic is inevitable and likely imminent. Although the severity of influenza pandemics vary, evidence suggests that an efficient and rapid response is crucial for mitigating morbidity, mortality, and costs to society. Hence, preparing for a potential influenza pandemic is a high priority of governments at all levels (local, state, federal), nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and companies. In a severe pandemic, when a large number of people are ill, infected persons and their families may have difficulty purchasing and preparing meals. Various government agencies and NGOs plan to provide meals to these households. In this paper, in collaboration with the American Red Cross, we study food distribution planning during an influenza pandemic. We develop a disease spread model to estimate the spread pattern of the disease geographically and over time, combine it with a facility location and resource allocation network model for food distribution, and develop heuristics to find near-optimal solutions for large instances. We run our combined disease spread and facility location model for the state of Georgia and present the estimated number of infections and the number of meals needed in each census tract for a one-year period along with a design of the supply chain network. Moreover, we investigate the impact of voluntary quarantine on the food demand and the food distribution network and show that its effects on food distribution can be significant. Our results could help decision makers prepare for a pandemic, including how to allocate limited resources and respond dynamically. DA - 2014/2// PY - 2014/2// DO - 10.1287/msom.2013.0460 VL - 16 IS - 1 SP - 11-27 J2 - M&SOM LA - en OP - SN - 1523-4614 1526-5498 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/msom.2013.0460 DB - Crossref KW - influenza pandemic KW - food distribution planning KW - disease spread models KW - multiperiod facility location KW - dynamic update ER - TY - RPRT TI - Backyard composting of yard, garden and food discards AU - Sherman, R. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// M1 - AG‐791 SN - AG‐791 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Current and Potential Benefits of Mass Earthworm Culture AU - Lowe, Christopher N. AU - Butt, Kevin R. AU - Sherman, Rhonda L. T2 - Mass Production of Beneficial Organisms AB - Of the 6000 earthworm species, most can be subdivided into litter (compost)-dwelling species or soil-dwelling species. Litter-dwelling species are small, easily cultivated, and of enormous use in processing organic materials; they simultaneously produce a potential horticultural product (worm-worked material, or vermicompost) and also produce biomass as more earthworms. The latter are themselves a potential product for protein production (animal or human feed). Soil-dwelling earthworms require more careful culture, but their use in soil improvement schemes, enhancing selected agricultural systems, and ecotoxicological monitoring is now recognized and is becoming more widely established. Laboratory-based culture has been upscaled, and future practice will undoubtedly have a direct role in key areas of world food production and soil rehabilitation. Collectively, these seemingly insignificant animals can make a significant contribution to achieving sustainable human development. PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1016/b978-0-12-391453-8.00020-0 SP - 683-709 OP - PB - Elsevier SN - 9780123914538 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-391453-8.00020-0 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Coliform Bacteria as Indicators of Diarrheal Risk in Household Drinking Water: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis AU - Gruber, Joshua S. AU - Ercumen, Ayse AU - Jr, John M. Colford T2 - PLOS ONE AB - Current guidelines recommend the use of Escherichia coli (EC) or thermotolerant ("fecal") coliforms (FC) as indicators of fecal contamination in drinking water. Despite their broad use as measures of water quality, there remains limited evidence for an association between EC or FC and diarrheal illness: a previous review found no evidence for a link between diarrhea and these indicators in household drinking water.We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to update the results of the previous review with newly available evidence, to explore differences between EC and FC indicators, and to assess the quality of available evidence.We searched major databases using broad terms for household water quality and diarrhea. We extracted study characteristics and relative risks (RR) from relevant studies. We pooled RRs using random effects models with inverse variance weighting, and used standard methods to evaluate heterogeneity and publication bias.We identified 20 relevant studies; 14 studies provided extractable results for meta-analysis. When combining all studies, we found no association between EC or FC and diarrhea (RR 1.26 [95% CI: 0.98, 1.63]). When analyzing EC and FC separately, we found evidence for an association between diarrhea and EC (RR: 1.54 [95% CI: 1.37, 1.74]) but not FC (RR: 1.07 [95% CI: 0.79, 1.45]). Across all studies, we identified several elements of study design and reporting (e.g., timing of outcome and exposure measurement, accounting for correlated outcomes) that could be improved upon in future studies that evaluate the association between drinking water contamination and health.Our findings, based on a review of the published literature, suggest that these two coliform groups have different associations with diarrhea in household drinking water. Our results support the use of EC as a fecal indicator in household drinking water. DA - 2014/9/24/ PY - 2014/9/24/ DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0107429 VL - 9 IS - 9 SP - e107429 J2 - PLOS ONE LA - en SN - 1932-6203 ST - Coliform Bacteria as Indicators of Diarrheal Risk in Household Drinking Water UR - https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0107429 DB - PLoS Journals Y2 - 2019/1/30/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Water distribution system deficiencies and the risk of gastrointestinal illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis AU - Ercumen, A. AU - Gruber, J.S. AU - Colford, J.M. T2 - Environ Health Perspect AB - Water distribution systems are vulnerable to performance deficiencies that can cause (re)contamination of treated water and plausibly lead to increased risk of gastrointestinal illness (GII) in consumers.It is well established that large system disruptions in piped water networks can cause GII outbreaks. We hypothesized that routine network problems can also contribute to background levels of waterborne illness and conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the impact of distribution system deficiencies on endemic GII.We reviewed published studies that compared direct tap water consumption to consumption of tap water re-treated at the point of use (POU) and studies of specific system deficiencies such as breach of physical or hydraulic pipe integrity and lack of disinfectant residual.In settings with network malfunction, consumers of tap water versus POU-treated water had increased GII [incidence density ratio (IDR) = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.79]. The subset of nonblinded studies showed a significant association between GII and tap water versus POU-treated water consumption (IDR = 1.52; 95% CI: 1.05, 2.20), but there was no association based on studies that blinded participants to their POU water treatment status (IDR = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.90, 1.08). Among studies focusing on specific network deficiencies, GII was associated with temporary water outages (relative risk = 3.26; 95% CI: 1.48, 7.19) as well as chronic outages in intermittently operated distribution systems (odds ratio = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.26, 2.07).Tap water consumption is associated with GII in malfunctioning distribution networks. System deficiencies such as water outages also are associated with increased GII, suggesting a potential health risk for consumers served by piped water networks. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1289/ehp.1306912 VL - 122 IS - 7 SP - 651-660 LA - en UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1306912 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Using a Bayesian hierarchical model to improve Lake Erie cyanobacteria bloom forecasts AU - Obenour, Daniel R. AU - Gronewold, Andrew D. AU - Stow, Craig A. AU - Scavia, Donald T2 - Water Resources Research AB - Abstract The last decade has seen a dramatic increase in the size of western Lake Erie cyanobacteria blooms, renewing concerns over phosphorus loading, a common driver of freshwater productivity. However, there is considerable uncertainty in the phosphorus load‐bloom relationship, because of other biophysical factors that influence bloom size, and because the observed bloom size is not necessarily the true bloom size, owing to measurement error. In this study, we address these uncertainties by relating late‐summer bloom observations to spring phosphorus load within a Bayesian modeling framework. This flexible framework allows us to evaluate three different forms of the load‐bloom relationship, each with a particular combination of statistical error distribution and response transformation. We find that a novel implementation of a gamma error distribution, along with an untransformed response, results in a model with relatively high predictive skill and realistic uncertainty characterization, when compared to models based on more common statistical formulations. Our results also underscore the benefits of a hierarchical approach that enables assimilation of multiple sets of bloom observations within the calibration processes, allowing for more thorough uncertainty quantification and explicit differentiation between measurement and model error. Finally, in addition to phosphorus loading, the model includes a temporal trend component indicating that Lake Erie has become increasingly susceptible to large cyanobacteria blooms over the study period (2002–2013). Results suggest that current phosphorus loading targets will be insufficient for reducing the intensity of cyanobacteria blooms to desired levels, so long as the lake remains in a heightened state of bloom susceptibility. DA - 2014/10// PY - 2014/10// DO - 10.1002/2014WR015616 VL - 50 IS - 10 SP - 7847-7860 J2 - Water Resour. Res. LA - en OP - SN - 0043-1397 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014WR015616 DB - Crossref KW - Bayesian hierarchical modeling KW - gamma distribution KW - Lake Erie KW - cyanobacteria KW - phosphorus loading KW - harmful algal blooms ER - TY - RPRT TI - Greening Household Behaviour: Overview of Results from Econometric Analysis and Policy Implications AU - Serret, Y. AU - Brown, Z.S. T2 - OECD Environment Working Papers A3 - OECD Publishing AB - The second round of the OECD Survey on Environmental Policy for Individual Behaviour Change (EPIC) was implemented in 2011. A publication providing an overview of the survey data from over 12 000 households in eleven countries (Australia, Canada, Chile, France, Israel, Japan, Korea, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland) is available.1 Follow-up econometric analyses were conducted in each of the thematic areas covered (energy, food, transport, waste and water), as well as on cross-domain comparisons in environmental attitudes and behaviours.2 This report presents a synthesis of main results from econometric analysis using the data from the 2011 EPIC survey, as well as policy implications. C6 - 797979 DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1787/5jxrcllt1kq5-en M1 - 79 PB - OECD Publishing SN - 79 UR - https://ideas.repec.org/p/oec/envaaa/79-en.html#more ER - TY - RPRT TI - Greening Household Behaviour: Cross-Domain comparisons in environmental attitudes and behaviours using spatial effects AU - Brown, Z.S. T2 - OECD Environment Working Papers A3 - OECD Publishing AB - Discussions of the importance of public attitudes in shaping policy often lack clear evidence on causal relations between stated attitudes and observed behaviours. The 2011 OECD Survey of over 12,000 households allows analysing households’ environmental attitudes and behaviours in five different domains (electricity, food, transport, waste and water). Using econometric analysis, we investigate the relationship between stated environmental attitudes and indicators of civic engagement, such as voting in local elections, charity membership and membership in environmental organisations... C6 - 686868 DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1787/5jxrclsj8z7b-en M1 - 68 PB - OECD Publishing SN - 68 UR - https://ideas.repec.org/p/oec/envaaa/68-en.html ER - TY - JOUR TI - Redefining safety in commercial space: Understanding debates over the safety of private human spaceflight initiatives in the United States AU - Bouchey, M. AU - Delborne, J. T2 - Space Policy AB - Abstract In 2009 President Obama proposed a budget for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) that canceled the Constellation program and included the development of commercial crew transportation systems into low Earth orbit. This significant move to shift human spaceflight into the private sector sparked political debate, but much of the discourse has focused on impacts to “safety.” Although no one disputes the importance of keeping astronauts safe, strategies for defining safety reveal contrasting visions for the space program and opposing values regarding the privatization of U.S. space exploration. In other words, the debate over commercial control has largely become encoded in arguments over safety. Specifically, proponents of using commercial options for transporting astronauts to the International Space Station (ISS) argue that commercial vehicles would be safe for astronauts, while proponents of NASA control argue that commercial vehicles would be unsafe, or at least not as safe as NASA vehicles. The cost of the spaceflight program, the technical requirements for designing a vehicle, the track record of the launch vehicle, and the experience of the launch provider are all incorporated into what defines safety in human spaceflight. This paper analyzes these contested criteria through conceptual lenses provided by fields of science and technology policy (STP) and science, technology, and society (STS). We ultimately contend that these differences in definition result not merely from ambiguous understandings of safety, but from intentional and strategic choices guided by normative positions on the commercialization of human spaceflight. The debate over safety is better considered a proxy debate for the partisan preferences embedded within the dispute over public or private spaceflight. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1016/j.spacepol.2014.03.002 VL - 30 IS - 2 SP - 53–61 J2 - Space Policy LA - en OP - SN - 0265-9646 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spacepol.2014.03.002 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - CORRESPONDENCE: Synthetic biology: Missing the point AU - Evans, S.W. AU - Jasanoff, S. AU - Calvert, J. AU - Delborne, J. AU - Doubleday, R. AU - Frow, E. AU - Funtowicz, S. AU - Green, B. AU - Guston, D.H. AU - Hurlburt, B. AU - Irwin, A. AU - Joly, P. AU - Kuzma, J. AU - Palmer, M. AU - Race, M. AU - Stilgoe, J. AU - Stirling, A. AU - Wilsdon, J. AU - Winickoff, D. AU - Wynne, B. AU - Zoloth, L. T2 - Nature DA - 2014/6/12/ PY - 2014/6/12/ DO - 10.1038/510218b VL - 510 IS - 7504 SP - 218 SN - 0028-0836 1476-4687 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/510218b ER - TY - JOUR TI - A Cultural Consensus Regarding the King Vulture?: Preliminary Findings and Their Application to Mexican Conservation AU - Haenn, N. AU - Schmook, B. AU - Martínez, Y.Reyes AU - Calmé, S. T2 - Ethnobiology and Conservation DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 3 IS - 1 SP - 1-22 ER - TY - CONF TI - Pharmaceuticals in the environment: Review of current disposal practices for medications and the influence of public perception on environmental risks. AU - Wilcox, E. AU - Guthrie Nichols, E. C2 - 2014/// C3 - NC AWWA-WEA Annual Conference DA - 2014/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Too big to be noticed: cryptic invasion of Asian camel crickets in North American houses AU - Epps, Mary Jane AU - Menninger, Holly L. AU - LaSala, Nathan AU - Dunn, Robert R. T2 - PEERJ AB - Despite the rapid expansion of the built environment, we know little about the biology of species living in human-constructed habitats. Camel crickets (Rhaphidophoridae) are commonly observed in North American houses and include a range of native taxa as well as the Asian Diestrammena asynamora (Adelung), a species occasionally reported from houses though considered to be established only in greenhouses. We launched a continental-scale citizen science campaign to better understand the relative distributions and frequency of native and nonnative camel crickets in human homes across North America. Participants contributed survey data about the presence or absence of camel crickets in homes, as well as photographs and specimens of camel crickets allowing us to identify the major genera and/or species in and around houses. Together, these data offer insight into the geographical distribution of camel crickets as a presence in homes, as well as the relative frequency and distribution of native and nonnative camel crickets encountered in houses. In so doing, we show that the exotic Diestrammena asynamora not only has become a common presence in eastern houses, but is found in these environments far more frequently than native camel crickets. Supplemental pitfall trapping along transects in 10 urban yards in Raleigh, NC revealed that D. asynamora can be extremely abundant locally around some homes, with as many as 52 individuals collected from pitfalls in a single yard over two days of sampling. The number of D. asynamora individuals present in a trap was negatively correlated with the trap’s distance from a house, suggesting that these insects may be preferentially associated with houses but also are present outside. In addition, we report the establishment in the northeastern United States of a second exotic species, putatively Diestrammena japanica Blatchley, which was previously undocumented in the literature. Our results offer new insight into the relative frequency and distribution of camel crickets living in human homes, and emphasize the importance of the built environment as habitat for two little-known invading species of Orthoptera. DA - 2014/9/2/ PY - 2014/9/2/ DO - 10.7717/peerj.523 VL - 2 IS - 1 SP - SN - 2167-8359 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84907696747&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Rhaphidophoridae KW - Diestrammena KW - Invasive species KW - Urban ecology KW - Citizen science ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ant-mediated seed dispersal in a warmed world AU - Stuble, Katharine L. AU - Patterson, Courtney M. AU - Rodriguez-Cabal, Mariano A. AU - Ribbons, Relena R. AU - Dunn, Robert R. AU - Sanders, Nathan J. T2 - PEERJ AB - Climate change affects communities both directly and indirectly via changes in interspecific interactions. One such interaction that may be altered under climate change is the ant-plant seed dispersal mutualism common in deciduous forests of eastern North America. As climatic warming alters the abundance and activity levels of ants, the potential exists for shifts in rates of ant-mediated seed dispersal. We used an experimental temperature manipulation at two sites in the eastern US (Harvard Forest in Massachusetts and Duke Forest in North Carolina) to examine the potential impacts of climatic warming on overall rates of seed dispersal (using Asarum canadense seeds) as well as species-specific rates of seed dispersal at the Duke Forest site. We also examined the relationship between ant critical thermal maxima (CTmax) and the mean seed removal temperature for each ant species. We found that seed removal rates did not change as a result of experimental warming at either study site, nor were there any changes in species-specific rates of seed dispersal. There was, however, a positive relationship between CTmax and mean seed removal temperature, whereby species with higher CTmax removed more seeds at hotter temperatures. The temperature at which seeds were removed was influenced by experimental warming as well as diurnal and day-to-day fluctuations in temperature. Taken together, our results suggest that while temperature may play a role in regulating seed removal by ants, ant plant seed-dispersal mutualisms may be more robust to climate change than currently assumed. DA - 2014/3/11/ PY - 2014/3/11/ DO - 10.7717/peerj.286 VL - 2 IS - 1 SP - SN - 2167-8359 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84897937116&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Ants KW - Climate change KW - Myrmecochory KW - Seed dispersal KW - Warming ER - TY - JOUR TI - Selection, Characterization and Application of Nucleic Acid Aptamers for the Capture and Detection of Human Norovirus Strains AU - Escudero-Abarca, Blanca I. AU - Suh, Soo Hwan AU - Moore, Matthew D. AU - Dwivedi, Hari P. AU - Jaykus, Lee-Ann T2 - PLOS ONE AB - Human noroviruses (HuNoV) are the leading cause of acute viral gastroenteritis and an important cause of foodborne disease. Despite their public health significance, routine detection of HuNoV in community settings, or food and environmental samples, is limited, and there is a need to develop alternative HuNoV diagnostic reagents to complement existing ones. The purpose of this study was to select and characterize single-stranded (ss)DNA aptamers with binding affinity to HuNoV. The utility of these aptamers was demonstrated in their use for capture and detection of HuNoV in outbreak-derived fecal samples and a representative food matrix. SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment) was used to isolate ssDNA aptamer sequences with broad reactivity to the prototype GII.2 HuNoV strain, Snow Mountain Virus (SMV). Four aptamer candidates (designated 19, 21, 25 and 26) were identified and screened for binding affinity to 14 different virus-like particles (VLPs) corresponding to various GI and GII HuNoV strains using an Enzyme-Linked Aptamer Sorbant Assay (ELASA). Collectively, aptamers 21 and 25 showed affinity to 13 of the 14 VLPs tested, with strongest binding to GII.2 (SMV) and GII.4 VLPs. Aptamer 25 was chosen for further study. Its binding affinity to SMV-VLPs was equivalent to that of a commercial antibody within a range of 1 to 5 µg/ml. Aptamer 25 also showed binding to representative HuNoV strains present in stool specimens obtained from naturally infected individuals. Lastly, an aptamer magnetic capture (AMC) method using aptamer 25 coupled with RT-qPCR was developed for recovery and detection of HuNoV in artificially contaminated lettuce. The capture efficiency of the AMC was 2.5–36% with an assay detection limit of 10 RNA copies per lettuce sample. These ssDNA aptamer candidates show promise as broadly reactive reagents for use in HuNoV capture and detection assays in various sample types. DA - 2014/9/5/ PY - 2014/9/5/ DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0106805 VL - 9 IS - 9 SP - SN - 1932-6203 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Microbial communities respond to experimental warming, but site matters AU - Cregger, Melissa A. AU - Sanders, Nathan J. AU - Dunn, Robert R. AU - Classen, Aimee T. T2 - PEERJ AB - Because microorganisms are sensitive to temperature, ongoing global warming is predicted to influence microbial community structure and function. We used large-scale warming experiments established at two sites near the northern and southern boundaries of US eastern deciduous forests to explore how microbial communities and their function respond to warming at sites with differing climatic regimes. Soil microbial community structure and function responded to warming at the southern but not the northern site. However, changes in microbial community structure and function at the southern site did not result in changes in cellulose decomposition rates. While most global change models rest on the assumption that taxa will respond similarly to warming across sites and their ranges, these results suggest that the responses of microorganisms to warming may be mediated by differences across the geographic boundaries of ecosystems. DA - 2014/4/24/ PY - 2014/4/24/ DO - 10.7717/peerj.358 VL - 2 IS - 1 SP - SN - 2167-8359 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84899109356&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Decomposition KW - Microbial communities KW - Global warming KW - Soil enzyme activity KW - Eastern deciduous forests KW - Ecosystem function ER - TY - JOUR TI - Is Helicobacter Pylori an endogenous source of diethyl phthalate in humans? AU - Hilton, Gina M. AU - Hoppin, Jane A. T2 - Environmental Research AB - Monoethyl phthalate (MEP) is a metabolite used to assess exposure to diethyl phthalate (DEP). Helicobacter Pylori (HP) has been shown to produce DEP in laboratory studies. We used NHANES 1999–2000 data for 1623 adults to investigate whether HP seropositivity was associated with MEP levels. MEP levels were higher in individuals with HP seropositivity (p=0.0237), however the association differed by race. These results suggest that HP may be an endogenous source of DEP in some populations. DA - 2014/10// PY - 2014/10// DO - 10.1016/j.envres.2014.08.019 VL - 134 SP - 402-404 J2 - Environmental Research LA - en OP - SN - 0013-9351 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2014.08.019 DB - Crossref KW - Diethyl phthalate KW - Monoethyl phthalate KW - Helicobacter pylori KW - NHANES KW - Microbiome ER - TY - JOUR TI - Have We Managed to Integrate Conservation and Development? ICDP Impacts in the Brazilian Amazon AU - Bauch, Simone C. AU - Sills, Erin O. AU - Pattanayak, Subhrendu K. T2 - WORLD DEVELOPMENT AB - Integrating conservation and development is central to the mission of many protected areas in the tropics, yet there is limited empirical evidence on the effectiveness of alternative strategies for ICDPs (Integrated Conservation and Development Projects). We evaluate an enterprise-based conservation strategy in a high-profile and well-funded ICDP in the Tapajós National Forest of Brazil. Using survey data from participating and non-participating households collected pre and post intervention, we find positive impacts on household income, but almost no discernible impacts on household assets, livelihood portfolios, or forest conservation. DA - 2014/12// PY - 2014/12// DO - 10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.03.009 VL - 64 SP - S135-S148 SN - 0305-750X KW - Impact evaluation KW - Integrated conservation and development projects KW - Amazon KW - Brazil ER - TY - JOUR TI - Decomposition of Sources of Errors in Monthly to Seasonal Streamflow Forecasts in a Rainfall-Runoff Regime AU - Sinha, Tushar AU - Sankarasubramanian, A. AU - Mazrooei, Amirhossein T2 - JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY AB - Abstract Despite considerable progress in developing real-time climate forecasts, most studies have evaluated the potential in seasonal streamflow forecasting based on ensemble streamflow prediction (ESP) methods, utilizing only climatological forcings while ignoring general circulation model (GCM)-based climate forecasts. The primary limitation in using GCM forecasts is their coarse resolution, which requires spatiotemporal downscaling to implement land surface models. Consequently, multiple sources of errors are introduced in developing real-time streamflow forecasts utilizing GCM forecasts. A set of error decomposition metrics is provided to address the following questions: 1) How are errors in monthly streamflow forecasts attributed to various sources such as temporal disaggregation, spatial downscaling, imprecise initial hydrologic conditions (IHCs), climatological forcings, and imprecise forecasts? and 2) How do these errors propagate with lead time over different seasons? A calibrated Variable Infiltration Capacity model is used over the Apalachicola River at Chattahoochee in the southeastern United States. The model is forced with a combination of daily precipitation forcings (temporally disaggregated observed precipitation, spatially downscaled and temporally disaggregated observed precipitation, ESP, ECHAM4.5 forecasts, and observed) and IHCs [simulated and climatological ensemble reverse ESP (RESP)] but with observed air temperature and wind speed at ⅛° resolution. Then, errors in forecasting monthly streamflow at up to a 3-month lead time are decomposed by comparing the forecasted streamflow to simulated streamflow under observed forcings. Results indicate that the errors due to temporal disaggregation are much higher than the spatial downscaling errors. During winter and early spring, the increasing order of errors at a 1-month lead time is spatial downscaling, model, temporal disaggregation, RESP, large-scale precipitation forecasts, and ESP. DA - 2014/12// PY - 2014/12// DO - 10.1175/jhm-d-13-0155.1 VL - 15 IS - 6 SP - 2470-2483 SN - 1525-7541 KW - Hydrology KW - Forecasting KW - Hindcasts KW - Seasonal forecasting KW - Model errors ER - TY - JOUR TI - Accuracy of residential geocoding in the Agricultural Health Study AU - Jones, Rena R AU - DellaValle, Curt T AU - Flory, Abigail R AU - Nordan, Alex AU - Hoppin, Jane A AU - Hofmann, Jonathan N AU - Chen, Honglei AU - Giglierano, James AU - Lynch, Charles F AU - Beane Freeman, Laura E AU - Rushton, Gerard AU - Ward, Mary H T2 - International Journal of Health Geographics AB - Environmental exposure assessments often require a study participant’s residential location, but the positional accuracy of geocoding varies by method and the rural status of an address. We evaluated geocoding error in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS), a cohort of pesticide applicators and their spouses in Iowa and North Carolina, U.S.A. For 5,064 AHS addresses in Iowa, we compared rooftop coordinates as a gold standard to two alternate locations: 1) E911 locations (intersection of the private and public road), and 2) geocodes generated by matching addresses to a commercial street database (NAVTEQ) or placed manually. Positional error (distance in meters (m) from the rooftop) was assessed overall and separately for addresses inside (non-rural) or outside town boundaries (rural). We estimated the sensitivity and specificity of proximity-based exposures (crops, animal feeding operations (AFOs)) and the attenuation in odds ratios (ORs) for a hypothetical nested case–control study. We also evaluated geocoding errors within two AHS subcohorts in Iowa and North Carolina by comparing them to GPS points taken at residences. Nearly two-thirds of the addresses represented rural locations. Compared to the rooftop gold standard, E911 locations were more accurate overall than address-matched geocodes (median error 39 and 90 m, respectively). Rural addresses generally had greater error than non-rural addresses, although errors were smaller for E911 locations. For highly prevalent crops within 500 m (>97% of homes), sensitivity was >95% using both data sources; however, lower specificities with address-matched geocodes (more common for rural addresses) led to substantial attenuation of ORs (e.g., corn <500 m ORobs = 1.47 vs. ORtrue = 2.0). Error in the address-matched geocodes resulted in even greater ORobs attenuation for AFO exposures. Errors for North Carolina addresses were generally smaller than those in Iowa. Geocoding error can be minimized when known coordinates are available to test alternative data and methods. Our assessment suggests that where E911 locations are available, they offer an improvement upon address-matched geocodes for rural addresses. Exposure misclassification resulting from positional error is dependent on the geographic database, geocoding method, and the prevalence of exposure. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1186/1476-072x-13-37 VL - 13 IS - 1 SP - 37 J2 - International Journal of Health Geographics LA - en OP - SN - 1476-072X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-072X-13-37 DB - Crossref KW - Geocoding KW - Positional error KW - Rural location KW - Environmental exposure assessment KW - Accuracy ER - TY - JOUR TI - Global biogeographic regions in a human-dominated world: the case of human diseases AU - Just, Michael G. AU - Norton, Jacob F. AU - Traud, Amanda L. AU - Antonelli, Tim AU - Poteate, Aaron S. AU - Backus, Gregory A. AU - Snyder-Beattie, Andrew AU - Sanders, R. Wyatt AU - Dunn, Robert R. T2 - ECOSPHERE AB - Since the work of Alfred Russel Wallace, biologists have sought to divide the world into biogeographic regions that reflect the history of continents and evolution. These divisions not only guide conservation efforts, but are also the fundamental reference point for understanding the distribution of life. However, the biogeography of human‐associated species—such as pathogens, crops, or even house guests—has been largely ignored or discounted. As pathogens have the potential for direct consequences on the lives of humans, domestic animals, and wildlife it is prudent to examine their potential biogeographic history. Furthermore, if distinct regions exist for human‐associated pathogens, it would provide possible connections between human wellbeing and pathogen distributions, and, more generally, humans and the deep evolutionary history of the natural world. We tested for the presence of biogeographic regions for diseases of humans due to pathogens using country‐level disease composition data and compared the regions for vectored and non‐vectored diseases. We found discrete biogeographic regions for diseases, with a stronger influence of biogeography on vectored than non‐vectored diseases. We also found significant correlations between these biogeographic regions and environmental or socio‐political factors. While some biogeographic regions reflected those already documented for birds or mammals, others reflected colonial history. From the perspective of diseases caused by pathogens, humans have altered but not evaded the influence of ancient biogeography. This work is the necessary first step in examining the biogeographic relationship between humans and their associates. DA - 2014/11// PY - 2014/11// DO - 10.1890/es14-00201.1 VL - 5 IS - 11 SP - SN - 2150-8925 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84919788790&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - colonial KW - human associates KW - pathogens ER - TY - JOUR TI - Unexpected phenological responses of butterflies to the interaction of urbanization and geographic temperature AU - Diamond, Sarah E. AU - Cayton, Heather AU - Wepprich, Tyson AU - Jenkins, Clinton N. AU - Dunn, Robert R. AU - Haddad, Nick M. AU - Ries, Leslie T2 - ECOLOGY AB - Urbanization and global climate change can profoundly alter biological systems, yet scientists often analyze their effects separately. We test how the timing of life cycle events (phenology) is jointly influenced by these two components of global change. To do so, we use a long‐term phenological data set of 20 common butterfly species from 83 sites across the state of Ohio, USA, with sites that range from rural undeveloped areas to moderately sized cities. These sites span a latitudinal gradient in mean temperature of several °C, mimicking the range of projected global climate warming effects through the end of the century. Although shifts toward earlier phenology are typical of species' responses to either global climate change or urbanization, we found that their interaction delayed several Ohio butterfly species' first appearance and peak abundance phenology. Exploitative species exhibited smaller delays in first appearance and peak abundance phenology in areas that were urbanized and geographically warm. Our results show that phenological responses to urbanization are contingent upon geographic variation in temperature, and that the impacts of urbanization and global climate change should be considered simultaneously when developing forecasts of biological responses to environmental change. DA - 2014/9// PY - 2014/9// DO - 10.1890/13-1848.1 VL - 95 IS - 9 SP - 2613-2621 SN - 1939-9170 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84907211442&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - anthropogenic change KW - citizen science KW - global climate change KW - impervious surface KW - Lepidoptera KW - nonadditive effects KW - phenology KW - physiology KW - temperature KW - trait-based modeling ER - TY - JOUR TI - Understanding pH and Ionic Strength Effects on Aluminum Sulfate-Induced Microalgae Flocculation AU - Cui, Y. AU - Yuan, W. AU - Cheng, J. T2 - APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY DA - 2014/8// PY - 2014/8// DO - 10.1007/s12010-014-0957-4 VL - 173 IS - 7 SP - 1692-1702 SN - 1559-0291 KW - DLVO KW - Microalgae KW - Flocculation KW - Aluminum sulfate ER - TY - JOUR TI - The evolution of architecture AU - Dunn, Robert T2 - Scientific American DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1038/scientificamerican1114-72 VL - 311 IS - 5 SP - 72-77 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84908193493&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Southern Megalopolis: Using the Past to Predict the Future of Urban Sprawl in the Southeast US AU - Terando, Adam J. AU - Costanza, Jennifer AU - Belyea, Curtis AU - Dunn, Robert R. AU - McKerrow, Alexa AU - Collazo, Jaime A. T2 - PLOS ONE AB - The future health of ecosystems is arguably as dependent on urban sprawl as it is on human-caused climatic warming. Urban sprawl strongly impacts the urban ecosystems it creates and the natural and agro-ecosystems that it displaces and fragments. Here, we project urban sprawl changes for the next 50 years for the fast-growing Southeast U.S. Previous studies have focused on modeling population density, but the urban extent is arguably as important as population density per se in terms of its ecological and conservation impacts. We develop simulations using the SLEUTH urban growth model that complement population-driven models but focus on spatial pattern and extent. To better capture the reach of low-density suburban development, we extend the capabilities of SLEUTH by incorporating street-network information. Our simulations point to a future in which the extent of urbanization in the Southeast is projected to increase by 101% to 192%. Our results highlight areas where ecosystem fragmentation is likely, and serve as a benchmark to explore the challenging tradeoffs between ecosystem health, economic growth and cultural desires. DA - 2014/7/23/ PY - 2014/7/23/ DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0102261 VL - 9 IS - 7 SP - SN - 1932-6203 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84904620111&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Temporal variability is a personalized feature of the human microbiome AU - Flores, Gilberto E. AU - Caporaso, J. Gregory AU - Henley, Jessica B. AU - Rideout, Jai Ram AU - Domogala, Daniel AU - Chase, John AU - Leff, Jonathan W. AU - Vazquez-Baeza, Yoshiki AU - Gonzalez, Antonio AU - Knight, Rob AU - Dunn, Robert R. AU - Fierer, Noah T2 - GENOME BIOLOGY AB - It is now apparent that the complex microbial communities found on and in the human body vary across individuals. What has largely been missing from previous studies is an understanding of how these communities vary over time within individuals. To the extent to which it has been considered, it is often assumed that temporal variability is negligible for healthy adults. Here we address this gap in understanding by profiling the forehead, gut (fecal), palm, and tongue microbial communities in 85 adults, weekly over 3 months.We found that skin (forehead and palm) varied most in the number of taxa present, whereas gut and tongue communities varied more in the relative abundances of taxa. Within each body habitat, there was a wide range of temporal variability across the study population, with some individuals harboring more variable communities than others. The best predictor of these differences in variability across individuals was microbial diversity; individuals with more diverse gut or tongue communities were more stable in composition than individuals with less diverse communities.Longitudinal sampling of a relatively large number of individuals allowed us to observe high levels of temporal variability in both diversity and community structure in all body habitats studied. These findings suggest that temporal dynamics may need to be considered when attempting to link changes in microbiome structure to changes in health status. Furthermore, our findings show that, not only is the composition of an individual's microbiome highly personalized, but their degree of temporal variability is also a personalized feature. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1186/s13059-014-0531-y VL - 15 IS - 12 SP - SN - 1474-760X UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84965187800&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Structural integrity affects nitrogen removal activity of granules in semi-continuous reactors AU - Mota, Cesar R. AU - Head, Melanie A. AU - Williams, Jon C. AU - Eland, Lucy AU - Cheng, Jay J. AU - Reyes, Francis L., III T2 - BIODEGRADATION DA - 2014/11// PY - 2014/11// DO - 10.1007/s10532-014-9712-3 VL - 25 IS - 6 SP - 923-934 SN - 1572-9729 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84907062953&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Fluorescence in situ hybridization KW - Aerobic granules KW - Structure KW - Flocs KW - Nitrification KW - Denitrification KW - Particle size ER - TY - JOUR TI - Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Data Support the General Unrelatedness of the Males in the Agricultural Health Study AU - Jack, J. R. AU - Motsinger-Reif, A. A. AU - Koutros, S. AU - Alavanja, M. C. AU - Beane Freeman, L. E. AU - Hoppin, J. A. T2 - Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention AB - Abstract Background: Farming is often a family and multigenerational business. Relatedness among farmers could bias gene–environment interaction analysis. To evaluate the potential relatedness of farmers, we used data from a nested case–control study of prostate cancer conducted in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS), a prospective study of farmers in Iowa and North Carolina. Methods: We analyzed the genetic data for 25,009 SNPs (single-nucleotide polymorphisms) from 2,220 White participants to test for cryptic relatedness among these farmers. We used two software packages: (i) PLINK, to calculate inbreeding coefficients and identity-by-descent (IBD) statistics and (ii) EIGENSOFT, to perform a principal component analysis on the genetic data. Results: Inbreeding coefficients estimates and IBD statistics show that the subjects are overwhelmingly unrelated, with little potential for cryptic relatedness in these data. Conclusions: Our analysis rejects the hypothesis that individuals in the case–control study exhibit cryptic relatedness. Impact: These findings are important for all subsequent analyses of gene–environment interactions in the AHS. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(10); 2192–5. ©2014 AACR. DA - 2014/7/21/ PY - 2014/7/21/ DO - 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0276 VL - 23 IS - 10 SP - 2192-2195 J2 - Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention LA - en OP - SN - 1055-9965 1538-7755 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-14-0276 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Screening, Growth Medium Optimisation and Heterotrophic Cultivation of Microalgae for Biodiesel Production AU - Jia, Zongchao AU - Liu, Ying AU - Daroch, Maurycy AU - Geng, Shu AU - Cheng, Jay J. T2 - APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY DA - 2014/8// PY - 2014/8// DO - 10.1007/s12010-014-0954-7 VL - 173 IS - 7 SP - 1667-1679 SN - 1559-0291 KW - Microalgae KW - Heterotrophic cultivation KW - Oil accumulation KW - Algal biodiesel ER - TY - JOUR TI - Phytoremediation of a Petroleum-Hydrocarbon Contaminated Shallow Aquifer in Elizabeth City, North Carolina, USA AU - Nichols, Elizabeth Guthrie AU - Cook, Rachel L. AU - Landmeyer, James E. AU - Atkinson, Brad AU - Malone, Donald R. AU - Shaw, George AU - Woods, Leilani T2 - Remediation Journal AB - A former bulk fuel terminal in North Carolina is a groundwater phytoremediation demonstration site where 3,250 hybrid poplars, willows, and pine trees were planted from 2006 to 2008 over approximately 579,000 L of residual gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel. Since 2011, the groundwater altitude is lower in the area with trees than outside the planted area. Soil‐gas analyses showed a 95 percent mass loss for total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and a 99 percent mass loss for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX). BTEX and methyl tert‐butyl ether concentrations have decreased in groundwater. Interpolations of free‐phase, fuel product gauging data show reduced thicknesses across the site and pooling of fuel product where poplar biomass is greatest. Isolated clusters of tree mortalities have persisted in areas with high TPH and BTEX mass. Toxicity assays showed impaired water use for willows and poplars exposed to the site's fuel product, but Populus survival was higher than the willows or pines on‐site, even in a noncontaminated control area. All four Populus clones survived well at the site. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.* DA - 2014/3// PY - 2014/3// DO - 10.1002/rem.21382 VL - 24 IS - 2 SP - 29-46 J2 - Remediation LA - en OP - SN - 1051-5658 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rem.21382 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pesticide use and incident diabetes among wives of farmers in the Agricultural Health Study AU - Starling, Anne P AU - Umbach, David M AU - Kamel, Freya AU - Long, Stuart AU - Sandler, Dale P AU - Hoppin, Jane A T2 - Occupational and Environmental Medicine AB - To estimate associations between use of specific agricultural pesticides and incident diabetes in women.We used data from the Agricultural Health Study, a large prospective cohort of pesticide applicators and their spouses in Iowa and North Carolina. For comparability with previous studies of farmers, we limited analysis to 13 637 farmers' wives who reported ever personally mixing or applying pesticides at enrolment (1993-1997), who provided complete data on required covariates and diabetes diagnosis and who reported no previous diagnosis of diabetes at enrolment. Participants reported ever-use of 50 specific pesticides at enrolment and incident diabetes at one of two follow-up interviews within an average of 12 years of enrolment. We fit Cox proportional hazards models with age as the time scale and adjusting for state and body mass index to estimate HRs and 95% CIs for each of the 45 pesticides with sufficient users.Five pesticides were positively associated with incident diabetes (n=688; 5%): three organophosphates, fonofos (HR=1.56, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.19), phorate (HR=1.57, 95% CI 1.14 to 2.16) and parathion (HR=1.61, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.46); the organochlorine dieldrin (HR=1.99, 95% CI 1.12 to 3.54); and the herbicide 2,4,5-T/2,4,5-TP (HR=1.59, 95% CI 1.00 to 2.51). With phorate and fonofos together in one model to account for their correlation, risks for both remained elevated, though attenuated compared with separate models.Results are consistent with previous studies reporting an association between specific organochlorines and diabetes and add to growing evidence that certain organophosphates also may increase risk. DA - 2014/4/12/ PY - 2014/4/12/ DO - 10.1136/oemed-2013-101659 VL - 71 IS - 9 SP - 629-635 J2 - Occup Environ Med LA - en OP - SN - 1351-0711 1470-7926 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2013-101659 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Modeling a continuous flow ultraviolet Light Emitting Diode reactor using computational fluid dynamics AU - Jenny, Richard M. AU - Simmons, Otto D., III AU - Shatalov, Max AU - Ducoste, Joel J. T2 - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE AB - The use of ultraviolet (UV) light for water treatment disinfection has become increasingly popular due to its ability to inactivate chlorine-resistant microorganisms without the production of known disinfection by-products. Currently, mercury-based lamps are the most commonly used UV disinfection source; however, these lamps are toxic if broken during installation or by foreign object strike during normal operation. In addition, disposal of degraded, hazardous mercury lamps can be challenging in rural and developing countries for point-of-use (POU) drinking water disinfection applications. UV Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) offer an alternative, non-toxic UV source that will provide design flexibility due to their small size, longer operating life, and fewer auxiliary electronics than traditional mercury-based lamps. Modeling of UV reactor performance has been a significant approach to the engineering of UV reactors in drinking water treatment. Yet, no research has been performed on the experimental and modeling of a continuous flow UV-LED reactor. A research study was performed to validate a numerical computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of a continuous flow UV-LED water disinfection process. Reactor validation consisted of the following: (1) hydraulic analysis using tracer tests, (2) characterization of the average light distribution using chemical actinometry, and (3) microbial dose–response and inactivation using biodosimetry. Results showed good agreement between numerical simulations and experimental testing. Accuracy of fluid velocity profile increased as flow rate increased from 109 mL/min to 190 mL/min, whereas chemical actinometry saw better agreement at the low flow rate. Biodosimetry testing was compared only at the low flow rate and saw good agreement for log inactivation of bacteriophage Qβ and MS-2 at 92% and 80% UV transmittance (UVT). The results from this research can potentially be used for the design of alternative point-of-use drinking water disinfection reactors in developing countries using UV LEDs. DA - 2014/9/6/ PY - 2014/9/6/ DO - 10.1016/j.ces.2014.05.020 VL - 116 SP - 524-535 SN - 1873-4405 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84902352092&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Drinking water disinfection KW - UV Light Emitting Diodes KW - Numerical model KW - Chemical actinometry KW - Biodosimetry ER - TY - JOUR TI - Microbiological analysis of environmental samples collected from child care facilities in North and South Carolina AU - Li, You AU - Fraser, Angela AU - Chen, , Xi AU - Cates, Sheryl AU - Wohlgenant, Kelly AU - Jaykus, Lee-Ann T2 - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL AB - •Surface and care providers' hands from 40 child care facilities in North and South Carolina were subjected to microbiological analysis. •Overall, hands had higher microbial loads than surfaces. •Biotype I Escherichia coli was absent; pathogens Salmonella enterica, E coli O157, Campylobacter jejuni, and Shigella spp were also absent. •Four samples showed evidence of human norovirus contamination. •Results suggest that these facilities practiced good hygiene and sanitation. Background Children cared for outside the home are at an increased risk of enteric disease. Microbiological analyses were performed on environmental samples collected from child care facilities in North and South Carolina. Methods There were 326 samples collected from 40 facilities corresponding to common surfaces (77% of samples) and the hands of care providers (23% of samples). Samples were analyzed for total aerobic plate counts (APCs), total coliforms, biotype I Escherichia coli, and pathogens Shigella spp, Salmonella enterica, E coli O157, Campylobacter jejuni, and human norovirus. Results Median APCs and coliform counts for hands were 4.6 and 1.0 log10 colony-forming units (CFU) per hand, respectively. Median APCs for surfaces were 2.0 and 2.6 log10 CFU for flat and irregular surfaces, respectively. Coliforms were detected in 16% of samples, with counts ranging from 1.0 log10 to >4.3 log10 CFU, with higher counts most often observed for hand rinse samples. Biotype I E coli counts were below assay detection limits (<1 log10 CFU) for all but 1 sample. No samples were positive for any of the 4 bacterial pathogens, whereas 4 samples showed evidence of human norovirus RNA. Conclusion The relative absence of pathogens and biotype I E coli in environmental samples suggests the child care facilities sampled in this study managed fecal contamination well. Children cared for outside the home are at an increased risk of enteric disease. Microbiological analyses were performed on environmental samples collected from child care facilities in North and South Carolina. There were 326 samples collected from 40 facilities corresponding to common surfaces (77% of samples) and the hands of care providers (23% of samples). Samples were analyzed for total aerobic plate counts (APCs), total coliforms, biotype I Escherichia coli, and pathogens Shigella spp, Salmonella enterica, E coli O157, Campylobacter jejuni, and human norovirus. Median APCs and coliform counts for hands were 4.6 and 1.0 log10 colony-forming units (CFU) per hand, respectively. Median APCs for surfaces were 2.0 and 2.6 log10 CFU for flat and irregular surfaces, respectively. Coliforms were detected in 16% of samples, with counts ranging from 1.0 log10 to >4.3 log10 CFU, with higher counts most often observed for hand rinse samples. Biotype I E coli counts were below assay detection limits (<1 log10 CFU) for all but 1 sample. No samples were positive for any of the 4 bacterial pathogens, whereas 4 samples showed evidence of human norovirus RNA. The relative absence of pathogens and biotype I E coli in environmental samples suggests the child care facilities sampled in this study managed fecal contamination well. DA - 2014/10// PY - 2014/10// DO - 10.1016/j.ajic.2014.06.030 VL - 42 IS - 10 SP - 1049-1055 SN - 1527-3296 KW - Childcare facilities KW - Day care KW - Environmental sampling KW - Microbiological indicators KW - Enteric pathogens ER - TY - JOUR TI - Metal oxyhydroxide dissolution as promoted by structurally diverse siderophores and oxalate AU - Akafia, Martin M. AU - Harrington, James M. AU - Bargar, John R. AU - Duckworth, Owen W. T2 - GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA AB - Siderophores, a class of biogenic ligands with high affinities for Fe(III), promote the dissolution of metal ions from sparingly soluble mineral phases. However, most geochemical studies have focused on quantifying the reactivity of DFOB, a model trishydroxamate siderophore. This study utilized three different siderophores, desferrioxamine B, rhizoferrin, and protochelin, with structures that contain the most commonly observed binding moieties of microbial siderophores to examine the siderophore-promoted dissolution rates of FeOOH, CoOOH, and MnOOH in the absence and presence of the ubiquitous low molecular mass organic acid oxalate by utilizing batch dissolution experiments at pH = 5–9. Metal-siderophore complex and total dissolved metal concentrations were monitored for durations of one hour to fourteen days, depending on the metal oxyhydroxide identity and solution pH. The results demonstrate that MnOOH and CoOOH generally dissolve more quickly in the presence of siderophores than FeOOH. Whereas FeOOH dissolved exclusively by a ligand-promoted dissolution mechanism, MnOOH and CoOOH dissolved predominantly by a reductive dissolution mechanism under most experimental conditions. For FeOOH, siderophore-promoted dissolution rates trended with the stability constant of the corresponding aqueous Fe(III) complex. In the presence of oxalate, measured siderophore-promoted dissolution rates were found to increase, decrease, or remain unchanged as compared to the observed rates in single-ligand systems, depending on the pH of the system, the siderophore present, and the identity of the metal oxyhydroxide. Increases in observed dissolution rates in the presence of oxalate were generally greater for FeOOH than for MnOOH or CoOOH. These results elucidate potential dissolution mechanisms of both ferric and non-ferric oxyhydroxide minerals by siderophores in the environment, and may provide further insights into the biological strategies of metal acquisition facilitated by coordinated exudation of low molecular weight organic acids and siderophores. DA - 2014/9/15/ PY - 2014/9/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.gca.2014.06.024 VL - 141 SP - 258-269 SN - 1872-9533 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84904861957&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fertilization of Radishes, Tomatoes, and Marigolds Using a Large-Volume Atmospheric Glow Discharge AU - Lindsay, Alex AU - Byrns, Brandon AU - King, Wesley AU - Andhvarapou, Asish AU - Fields, Jeb AU - Knappe, Detlef AU - Fonteno, William AU - Shannon, Steven T2 - PLASMA CHEMISTRY AND PLASMA PROCESSING DA - 2014/11// PY - 2014/11// DO - 10.1007/s11090-014-9573-x VL - 34 IS - 6 SP - 1271-1290 SN - 1572-8986 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84907594315&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Large-volume glow KW - Atmospheric pressure plasma KW - Fertilization KW - Reactive nitrogen and oxygen species ER - TY - JOUR TI - Efficient production of triacylglycerols rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by osmo-heterotrophic marine protists AU - Liu, Ying AU - Tang, Jie AU - Li, Jingjing AU - Daroch, Maurycy AU - Cheng, Jay J. T2 - APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY DA - 2014/12// PY - 2014/12// DO - 10.1007/s00253-014-6032-9 VL - 98 IS - 23 SP - 9643-9652 SN - 1432-0614 KW - Thraustochytrids KW - Culture optimization KW - DHA KW - Lipid composition KW - Fermentation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ecologists, educators, and writers collaborate with the public to assess backyard diversity in The School of Ants Project AU - Lucky, Andrea AU - Savage, Amy M. AU - Nichols, Lauren M. AU - Castracani, Cristina AU - Shell, Leonora AU - Grasso, Donato A. AU - Mori, Alessandra AU - Dunn, Robert R. T2 - ECOSPHERE AB - Citizen science can generate data that would not exist otherwise while increasing public scientific literacy. However, the quality and use of citizen science data have been criticized in the recent ecological literature. We need an approach that advances eco‐evolutionary understanding, achieves education goals and incorporates public participation into as many aspects of the scientific process as possible. We collaborated with public participants to make new discoveries about the distribution and ecology of ants while informing the next studies that participants and scientists might perform together. We implemented the School of Ants (SoA) program in which participants sample ants that are identified by taxonomic experts. Using a comprehensive framework that meets the needs of multiple agents, we also developed outreach materials about ant biology, collaborated with educators to incorporate SoA into classroom science, and launched an international SoA module in Italy. In the first 17 months, SoA volunteers collected ants at 500 unique sites across the USA‐including all 50 states and Washington, D.C. To address concerns about the validity of citizen scientist‐derived data, we conducted a ground truthing trial that confirmed that trained and untrained volunteers were equally effective at collecting ants. Data from SoA samples indicate that ant diversity varies across wide geographic scales and that there can be high levels of native ant diversity where people live. SoA volunteers collected 7 exotic and 107 native ant species. Although exotic ants were common, ants native to North America occurred in ∼70% of all sites. Many of the ants common in backyards were species that tend to be very poorly studied. For example, citizen scientists documented a range extension of more than 2000 miles for the Asian Needle Ant, Pachycondyla chinensis . Using SoA data as a starting point, we collaborated with a science writer to produce a free, interactive iBook about the common ants in North America; the book included distribution maps such as that for P. chinensis informed by participant collections. Moving forward, we plan to leverage this existing framework to address more complex ecological and evolutionary questions in partnership with our public participants. DA - 2014/7// PY - 2014/7// DO - 10.1890/es13-00364.1 VL - 5 IS - 7 SP - SN - 2150-8925 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84905233273&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - ants KW - citizen science KW - distribution KW - diversity KW - public participation in scientific research KW - urban ecosystems ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dissemination of plasmid-encoded AmpC beta-lactamases in antimicrobial resistant Salmonella serotypes originating from humans, pigs and the swine environment AU - Keelara, Shivaramu AU - Thakur, Siddhartha T2 - VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY AB - The aim of this study was to characterize and determine the inter-serovar exchange of AmpC β-lactamase conferring plasmids isolated from humans, pigs and the swine environment. Plasmids isolated from a total of 21 antimicrobial resistant (AMR) Salmonella isolates representing human clinical cases (n = 6), pigs (n = 6) and the swine farm environment (n = 9) were characterized by replicon typing and restriction digestion, inter-serovar transferability by conjugation, and presence of AmpC β-lactamase enzyme encoding gene blaCMY-2 by southern hybridization. Based on replicon typing, the majority (17/21, 81%) of the plasmids belonged to the I1-Iγ Inc group and were between 70 and 103 kb. The potential for inter-serovar plasmid transfer was further confirmed by the PCR detection of AMR genes on the plasmids isolated from trans-conjugants. Plasmids from Salmonella serovars Anatum, Ouakam, Johannesburg and Typhimurium isolated from the same cohort of pigs and their environment and S. Heidelberg from a single human clinical isolate had identical plasmids based on digestion with multiple restriction enzymes (EcoRI, HindIII and PstI) and southern blotting. We demonstrated likely horizontal inter-serovar exchange of plasmid-encoding AmpC β-lactamases resistance among MDR Salmonella serotypes isolated from pigs, swine farm environment and clinical human cases. This study provides valuable information on the role of the swine farm environment and by extension other livestock farm environments, as a potential reservoir of resistant bacterial strains that potentially transmit resistance determinants to livestock, in this case, swine, humans and possibly other hosts by horizontal exchange of plasmids. DA - 2014/9/17/ PY - 2014/9/17/ DO - 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.07.018 VL - 173 IS - 1-2 SP - 76-83 SN - 1873-2542 KW - Salmonella KW - Plasmids KW - Antimicrobial resistance and pigs KW - Conjugation ER - TY - JOUR TI - A protocol for the use of computational fluid dynamics as a supportive tool for wastewater treatment plant modelling AU - Laurent, J. AU - Samstag, R. W. AU - Ducoste, J. M. AU - Griborio, A. AU - Nopens, I. AU - Batstone, D. J. AU - Wicks, J. D. AU - Saunders, S. AU - Potier, O. T2 - WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AB - To date, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models have been primarily used for evaluation of hydraulic problems at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). A potentially more powerful use, however, is to simulate integrated physical, chemical and/or biological processes involved in WWTP unit processes on a spatial scale and to use the gathered knowledge to accelerate improvement in plant models for everyday use, that is, design and optimized operation. Evolving improvements in computer speed and memory and improved software for implementing CFD, as well as for integrated processes, has allowed for broader usage of this tool for understanding, troubleshooting, and optimal design of WWTP unit processes. This paper proposes a protocol for an alternative use of CFD in process modelling, as a way to gain insight into complex systems leading to improved modelling approaches used in combination with the IWA activated sludge models and other kinetic models. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.2166/wst.2014.425 VL - 70 IS - 10 SP - 1575-1584 SN - 1996-9732 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84918816988&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - biokinetic models KW - CFD KW - complex systems KW - fluid motion KW - multi-phase flow KW - transport models ER - TY - JOUR TI - 2,4-D adsorption to biochars: Effect of preparation conditions on equilibrium adsorption capacity and comparison with commercial activated carbon literature data AU - Kearns, J. P. AU - Wellborn, L. S. AU - Summers, R. S. AU - Knappe, D. R. U. T2 - WATER RESEARCH AB - Batch isotherm experiments were conducted with chars to study adsorption of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Chars generated from corncobs, bamboo and wood chips in a laboratory pyrolyzer at 400–700 °C were compared with traditional kiln charcoals collected from villages in S/SE Asia and with activated carbons (ACs). 2,4-D uptake by laboratory chars obtained from bamboo and wood chips after 14 h of pyrolysis at 700 °C, from wood chips after 96 h of pyrolysis at 600 °C, and one of the field-collected chars (basudha) was comparable to ACs. H:C and O:C ratios declined with pyrolysis temperature and duration while surface area increased to >500 m2/g. Increasing pyrolysis intensity by increasing temperature and/or duration of heating was found to positively influence adsorption capacity yield (mg2,4-D/gfeedstock) over the range of conditions studied. Economic analysis showed that high temperature chars can be a cost-effective alternative to ACs for water treatment applications. DA - 2014/10/1/ PY - 2014/10/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.watres.2014.05.023 VL - 62 SP - 20-28 SN - 0043-1354 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84902245682&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Pesticide KW - Herbicide KW - Water treatment KW - Charcoal KW - Low-cost adsorbent ER - TY - JOUR TI - Tracing Temperature Patterns of Cut Leafy Greens during Service in North Carolina School Food Service AU - Thomas, Ellen M. AU - Chapman, Benjamin AU - Jaykus, Lee-Ann AU - Phister, Trevor T2 - JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION AB - Contaminated fresh produce has been increasingly identified as a cause of foodborne illnesses. Because of concerns about pathogen growth on these food items at retail, the 2009 U.S. Food and Drug Administration Food Code established that cut leafy greens (lettuce, spinach, spring mix, cabbage, arugula, and kale) must have time and temperature controls for safety and hence should be kept at refrigerated temperatures (5°C or lower). The purpose of this study was to determine the temperature profiles of cut leafy greens in single-serving clamshell containers provided as part of the North Carolina School Lunch Program and to compare the two policies that North Carolina has in place to control the temperature of these products (the 3-day rule and time in lieu of temperature). Temperatures were recorded with data loggers in 24 schools during a 3-day period. In all cases, substantial temperature variability was found for these products, including temperatures above 5°C for at least 1 h on each of the 3 days. In some cases, temperatures reached above 5°C for more than 3 h throughout the serving time. The results demonstrate the importance of developing a protocol for continuous temperature monitoring of leafy greens served in school lunch programs. DA - 2014/9// PY - 2014/9// DO - 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-121 VL - 77 IS - 9 SP - 1495-1500 SN - 1944-9097 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The role of retrospective weather forecasts in developing daily forecasts of nutrient loadings over the southeast US AU - Oh, J. AU - Sinha, T. AU - Sankarasubramanian, A. T2 - Hydrology and Earth System Sciences AB - Abstract. It is well known in the hydrometeorology literature that developing real-time daily streamflow forecasts in a given season significantly depends on the skill of daily precipitation forecasts over the watershed. Similarly, it is widely known that streamflow is the most important predictor in estimating nutrient loadings and the associated concentration. The intent of this study is to bridge these two findings so that daily nutrient loadings and the associated concentration could be predicted using daily precipitation forecasts and previously observed streamflow as surrogates of antecedent land surface conditions. By selecting 18 relatively undeveloped basins in the southeast US (SEUS), we evaluate the skill in predicting observed total nitrogen (TN) loadings in the Water Quality Network (WQN) by first developing the daily streamflow forecasts using the retrospective weather forecasts based on K-nearest neighbor (K-NN) resampling approach and then forcing the forecasted streamflow with a nutrient load estimation (LOADEST) model to obtain daily TN forecasts. Skill in developing forecasts of streamflow, TN loadings and the associated concentration were computed using rank correlation and RMSE (root mean square error), by comparing the respective forecast values with the WQN observations for the selected 18 Hydro-Climatic Data Network (HCDN) stations. The forecasted daily streamflow and TN loadings and their concentration have statistically significant skill in predicting the respective daily observations in the WQN database at all 18 stations over the SEUS. Only two stations showed statistically insignificant relationships in predicting the observed nitrogen concentration. We also found that the skill in predicting the observed TN loadings increases with the increase in drainage area, which indicates that the large-scale precipitation reforecasts correlate better with precipitation and streamflow over large watersheds. To overcome the limited samplings of TN in the WQN data, we extended the analyses by developing retrospective daily streamflow forecasts over the period 1979–2012 using reforecasts based on the K-NN resampling approach. Based on the coefficient of determination (R2Q-daily) of the daily streamflow forecasts, we computed the potential skill (R2TN-daily) in developing daily nutrient forecasts based on the R2 of the LOADEST model for each station. The analyses showed that the forecasting skills of TN loadings are relatively better in the winter and spring months, while skills are inferior during summer months. Despite these limitations, there is potential in utilizing the daily streamflow forecasts derived from real-time weather forecasts for developing daily nutrient forecasts, which could be employed for various adaptive nutrient management strategies for ensuring better water quality. DA - 2014/8/6/ PY - 2014/8/6/ DO - 10.5194/hess-18-2885-2014 VL - 18 IS - 8 SP - 2885-2898 J2 - Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. LA - en OP - SN - 1607-7938 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2885-2014 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - The nature of borders: Salmon, boundaries, and bandits on the Salish Sea AU - Booker, Matthew Morse T2 - Pacific Historical Review AB - Book Review| August 01 2014 Book Review: Wadewitz, The Nature of Borders: Salmon, Boundaries, and Bandits on the Salish Sea, by Matthew Morse Booker The Nature of Borders: Salmon, Boundaries, and Bandits on the Salish Sea. By Lissa K. Wadewitz. (Seattle, University of Washington Press, 2012. xi + 271 pp. $24.95 paper) Matthew Morse Booker Matthew Morse Booker North Carolina State University Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Pacific Historical Review (2014) 83 (3): 534–535. https://doi.org/10.1525/phr.2014.83.3.534 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Matthew Morse Booker; Book Review: Wadewitz, The Nature of Borders: Salmon, Boundaries, and Bandits on the Salish Sea, by Matthew Morse Booker. Pacific Historical Review 1 August 2014; 83 (3): 534–535. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/phr.2014.83.3.534 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentPacific Historical Review Search This content is only available via PDF. © 2014 by the Pacific Coast Branch, American Historical Association2014 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1525/phr.2014.83.3.534 VL - 83 IS - 3 SP - 534–535 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The cost of gypsy moth sex in the city AU - Bigsby, Kevin M. AU - Ambrose, Mark J. AU - Tobin, Patrick C. AU - Sills, Erin O. T2 - URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING AB - Since its introduction in the 1860s, gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), has periodically defoliated large swaths of forest in the eastern United States. Prior research has suggested that the greatest costs and losses from these outbreaks accrue in residential areas, but these impacts have not been well quantified. We addressed this lacuna with a case study of Baltimore City. Using two urban tree inventories, we estimated potential costs and losses from a range of gypsy moth outbreak scenarios under different environmental and management conditions. We combined outbreak scenarios with urban forest data to model defoliation and mortality and based the costs and losses on the distribution of tree species in different size classes and land uses throughout Baltimore City. In each outbreak, we estimated the costs of public and private suppression, tree removal and replacement, and human medical treatment, as well as the losses associated with reduced pollution uptake, increased carbon emissions and foregone sequestration. Of the approximately 2.3 M trees in Baltimore City, a majority of the basal area was primary or secondary host for gypsy moth. Under the low outbreak scenario, with federal and state suppression efforts, total costs and losses were $5.540 M, much less than the $63.666 M estimated for the high outbreak scenario, in which the local public and private sectors were responsible for substantially greater tree removal and replacement costs. The framework that we created can be used to estimate the impacts of other non-native pests in urban environments. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1016/j.ufug.2014.05.003 VL - 13 IS - 3 SP - 459-468 SN - 1610-8167 KW - Biological invasions KW - Economic assessment KW - Lymantria dispar KW - Non-native forest pests KW - Residential impacts KW - Urban forestry ER - TY - JOUR TI - Synthetic organic water contaminants in developing communities: an overlooked challenge addressed by adsorption with locally generated char AU - Kearns, J.P. AU - Bentley, M.J. AU - Mokashi, P. AU - Redmon, J.H. AU - Levine, K. T2 - JOURNAL OF WATER SANITATION AND HYGIENE FOR DEVELOPMENT AB - Chemical contamination of drinking water sources is a worldwide problem. However, few locally managed, sustainable, and low-cost on-site treatment technologies are available in rural, remote, and emergency/disaster relief/humanitarian crisis situations. Char filter-adsorbers have been used to treat drinking water for thousands of years and are still widely used today. Our studies show that some chars produced by traditional means from a range of feedstocks develop favorable sorption properties for uptake of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), a prevalent herbicide and water contaminant. However, more energy efficient, environmentally sustainable and scalable production of consistent highly sorptive chars can be accomplished with biomass gasification. Our laboratory studies demonstrate that locally produced char adsorbents derived from surplus agricultural and forestry biomass are effective for adsorbing 2,4-D. A year-long study of field-scale application of chars in Thailand is also presented. Based on these studies we present design recommendations for integrating char adsorbers into low-cost, multi-barrier treatment trains for on-site water provision. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.2166/washdev.2014.073 VL - 4 IS - 3 SP - 422-436 SN - 2043-9083 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84907209565&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - biochar KW - charcoal KW - drinking water KW - herbicide KW - pesticide KW - Thailand ER - TY - JOUR TI - Landscape position and spatial patterns in the distribution of land use within the southern Appalachian Mountains AU - Rice, Joshua S. AU - Emanuel, Ryan E. T2 - PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY AB - Understanding the forces that influence the distribution of land use and land-use change (LUC) is an essential step in developing effective strategies for managing these issues. We examined the influence of landscape position on spatial patterns in land-use distribution within the Little Tennessee River Basin (LTRB) of the southern Appalachian Mountains. We show that landscape position, defined with respect to both natural and anthropogenic spatial variables, provides for the identification of statistically significant differences in the distribution of common forms of land use in the study region. Using the same variables, significant differences in the landscape positions subject to land-use change in the LTRB are also examined. These results suggest landscape position exerts a strong influence on the distribution of different forms of land use and the likeliness of given area undergoing LUC. The approach presented here, of considering land use as a function of landscape position that responds to both natural and anthropogenic forces, may prove useful in aiding the development of future strategies to address the consequences of land use in many regions. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1080/02723646.2014.909218 VL - 35 IS - 5 SP - 443-457 SN - 1930-0557 UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000341138200005&KeyUID=WOS:000341138200005 KW - land use KW - land-use change KW - natural resource management KW - spatial analysis KW - southern Appalachian Mountains ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ubiquity and Diversity of Human-Associated Demodex Mites AU - Thoemmes, Megan S. AU - Fergus, Daniel J. AU - Urban, Julie AU - Trautwein, Michelle AU - Dunn, Robert R. T2 - PLOS ONE AB - Demodex mites are a group of hair follicle and sebaceous gland-dwelling species. The species of these mites found on humans are arguably the animals with which we have the most intimate interactions. Yet, their prevalence and diversity have been poorly explored. Here we use a new molecular method to assess the occurrence of Demodex mites on humans. In addition, we use the 18S rRNA gene (18S rDNA) to assess the genetic diversity and evolutionary history of Demodex lineages. Within our samples, 100% of people over 18 years of age appear to host at least one Demodex species, suggesting that Demodex mites may be universal associates of adult humans. A phylogenetic analysis of 18S rDNA reveals intraspecific structure within one of the two named human-associated Demodex species, D. brevis. The D. brevis clade is geographically structured, suggesting that new lineages are likely to be discovered as humans from additional geographic regions are sampled. DA - 2014/8/27/ PY - 2014/8/27/ DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0106265 VL - 9 IS - 8 SP - SN - 1932-6203 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84925470906&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sanitation in classroom and food preparation areas in child-care facilities in North Carolina and South Carolina AU - Wohlgenant, K. C. AU - Cates, S. C. AU - Fraser, A. AU - Chapman, B. AU - Jaykus, L. A. AU - Chen, X. T2 - Journal of Environmental Health DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 77 IS - 4 SP - 20-27 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Peptidoglycan recognition protein genes and risk of Parkinson's disease AU - Goldman, Samuel M. AU - Kamel, Freya AU - Ross, G. Webster AU - Jewell, Sarah A. AU - Marras, Connie AU - Hoppin, Jane A. AU - Umbach, David M. AU - Bhudhikanok, Grace S. AU - Meng, Cheryl AU - Korell, Monica AU - Comyns, Kathleen AU - Hauser, Robert A. AU - Jankovic, Joseph AU - Factor, Stewart A. AU - Bressman, Susan AU - Lyons, Kelly E. AU - Sandler, Dale P. AU - Langston, J. William AU - Tanner, Caroline M. T2 - Movement Disorders AB - Increased gut permeability, inflammation, and colonic α-synuclein pathology are present in early Parkinson's disease (PD) and have been proposed to contribute to PD pathogenesis. Peptidoglycan is a structural component of the bacterial cell wall. Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) maintain healthy gut microbial flora by regulating the immune response to both commensal and harmful bacteria. We tested the hypothesis that variants in genes that encode PGRPs are associated with PD risk. Participants in two independent case-control studies were genotyped for 30 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the four PGLYRP genes. Using logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for potential confounding variables, we conducted analyses in each study, separately and pooled. One SNP failed the assay, and three had little to no variation. The ORs were similar in both study populations. In pooled analyses, three of seven PGLYRP2 SNPs (rs3813135, rs733731, rs892145), one of five PGLYRP3 SNPs (rs2987763), and six of nine PGLYRP4 SNPs (rs10888557, rs12063091, rs3006440, rs3006448, rs3006458, and rs3014864) were significantly associated with PD risk. Association was strongest for PGLYRP4 5'untranslated region (UTR) SNP rs10888557 (GG reference, CG OR 0.6 [95%CI 0.4-0.9], CC OR 0.15 [95%CI 0.04-0.6]; log-additive P-trend, 0.0004). Common variants in PGLYRP genes are associated with PD risk in two independent studies. These results require replication, but they are consistent with hypotheses of a causative role for the gut microbiota and gastrointestinal immune response in PD. DA - 2014/5/17/ PY - 2014/5/17/ DO - 10.1002/mds.25895 VL - 29 IS - 9 SP - 1171-1180 J2 - Mov Disord. LA - en OP - SN - 0885-3185 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.25895 DB - Crossref KW - Parkinson's disease KW - peptidoglycan KW - PGLYRP KW - microbiome KW - gut ER - TY - JOUR TI - How many and which ant species are being accidentally moved around the world? AU - Miravete, Verónica AU - Roura-Pascual, Núria AU - Dunn, Robert R. AU - Gómez, Crisanto T2 - Biology Letters AB - Human transportation facilitates the dispersal of exotic ants, but few studies have quantified the magnitude and geography of these movements. We used several non-parametric indexes to estimate the number of species successfully introduced to or established in new regions. We also compared their source biogeographic realms to assess the importance of the geographical origin in determining the likelihood of establishment after introduction. Data on exotic ants derive from studies of three temperate regions. Our results suggest that the numbers of introduced or established ants may be much larger than the numbers so far documented. Ants introduced or established in new regions tend to arrive from the same or neighbouring realms, as would be expected if exotic species tend to match climates and if arrival/establishment is dependent upon higher trade rates from neighbouring countries. DA - 2014/8// PY - 2014/8// DO - 10.1098/rsbl.2014.0518 VL - 10 IS - 8 SP - 20140518 J2 - Biol. Lett. LA - en OP - SN - 1744-9561 1744-957X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2014.0518 DB - Crossref KW - biological invasions KW - exotic species KW - formicidae KW - richness estimator ER - TY - JOUR TI - Geographic differences in effects of experimental warming on ant species diversity and community composition AU - Pelini, S. L. AU - Diamond, S. E. AU - Nichols, L. M. AU - Stuble, K. L. AU - Ellison, A. M. AU - Sanders, N. J. AU - Dunn, R. R. AU - Gotelli, N. J. T2 - ECOSPHERE AB - Ecological communities are being reshaped by climatic change. Losses and gains of species will alter community composition and diversity but these effects are likely to vary geographically and may be hard to predict from uncontrolled “natural experiments”. In this study, we used open‐top warming chambers to simulate a range of warming scenarios for ground‐nesting ant communities at a northern (Harvard Forest, MA) and southern (Duke Forest, NC) study site in the eastern US. After 2.5 years of experimental warming, we found no significant effects of accumulated growing degree days or soil moisture on ant diversity or community composition at the northern site, but a decrease in asymptotic species richness and changes in community composition at the southern site. However, fewer than 10% of the species at either site responded significantly to the warming treatments. Our results contrast with those of a comparable natural experiment conducted along a nearby elevational gradient, in which species richness and composition responded strongly to changes in temperature and other correlated variables. Together, our findings provide some support for the prediction that warming will have a larger negative effect on ecological communities in warmer locales at lower latitudes and suggest that predicted responses to warming may differ between controlled field experiments and unmanipulated thermal gradients. DA - 2014/10// PY - 2014/10// DO - 10.1890/es14-00143.1 VL - 5 IS - 10 SP - SN - 2150-8925 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84919786449&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - ants KW - climate change KW - community KW - elevational gradient KW - Formicidae KW - geographic range KW - warming experiment ER - TY - JOUR TI - Enhanced Nitrogen Removal by Rice Husk Amended Dynamic Membrane Bioreactors AU - Fu, DaFang AU - Kai, Hong AU - Singh, Rajendra Prasad AU - Ducoste, Joel J. T2 - Journal of Environmental Engineering AB - Effective and low-cost dynamic membrane bioreactors (DMBR) can be a strong option for wastewater treatment in developing countries. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of rice husk addition on the DMBR’s nitrogen removal performance. Tests were performed at both lab-scale and pilot-scale facilities. Results showed that rice husk served as a suitable biofilm carrier as well as an effective denitrification carbon source. In lab-scale experiments, the removal efficiency of rice husk amended DMBR for chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH3-N, and total nitrogen (TN) was 96.7, 96.3, and 80.4%, respectively. Results from the pilot-scale DMBR system showed that removal efficiency for COD and NH3-N was 90.3 and 95.2%, respectively, whereas TN removal was comparatively lower (50.5%). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis showed that the bacterial population was higher in the rice husk added DMBR than the controlled DMBR, and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria were the main components of total heterotrophic bacteria. Overall, the rice husk dosing has improved the simultaneous nitrification-denitrification (SND) rate by 9.7% in DMBR and can be an economical and effective carbon source for the total nitrogen removal process. DA - 2014/11// PY - 2014/11// DO - 10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0000840 VL - 140 IS - 11 SP - 04014035 J2 - J. Environ. Eng. LA - en OP - SN - 0733-9372 1943-7870 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000840 DB - Crossref KW - Dynamic membrane bioreactor KW - Nitrogen removal KW - Biological carbon sources KW - Wastewater treatment ER - TY - JOUR TI - Early pest development and loss of biological control are associated with urban warming AU - Meineke, Emily K. AU - Dunn, Robert R. AU - Frank, Steven D. T2 - BIOLOGY LETTERS AB - Climate warming is predicted to cause many changes in ectotherm communities, one of which is phenological mismatch, wherein one species' development advances relative to an associated species or community. Phenological mismatches already lead to loss of pollination services, and we predict that they also cause loss of biological control. Here, we provide evidence that a pest develops earlier due to urban warming but that phenology of its parasitoid community does not similarly advance. This mismatch is associated with greater egg production that likely leads to more pests on trees. DA - 2014/11/1/ PY - 2014/11/1/ DO - 10.1098/rsbl.2014.0586 VL - 10 IS - 11 SP - SN - 1744-957X UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84961991682&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - climate change KW - urban ecology KW - ecosystem services KW - parasitoid ER - TY - JOUR TI - Capitalism and the Commodification of Salmon From Wild Fish to a Genetically Modified Species AU - Longo, Stefano B. AU - Clausen, Rebecca AU - Clark, Brett T2 - MONTHLY REVIEW-AN INDEPENDENT SOCIALIST MAGAZINE AB - On February 25, 2013, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) closed the public comment period for the environmental assessment of the AquAdvantage Salmon. Their review of the first genetically modified animal for human consumption concluded with a “finding of no significant impact.” Numerous fishermen, consumer safety advocates, public health officials, ecologists, and risk assessment experts submitted comments that directly challenged this finding. Despite the opposition, it is very likely that the FDA’s approval of this genetically engineered salmon and precedent-setting regulatory process is imminent.… The aquaculture industry and corporate investors are championing this recent development in food biotechnology. They propose that this “invention” will yield ecological benefits, such as preserving wild salmon, while enhancing efficiency.… Unfortunately, the discussion of fisheries and oceans is constrained by ideological justifications that prevent a comprehensive assessment.… [The alternative approach presented here focuses on] how the logic of capital has shaped production and commodification processes. It also highlights how the most recent case of biotechnology in relation to salmon serves the needs of capital by increasing control of biological and ecological systems in order to better conform to economic dictates. The genetic modification of salmon is part of a biological speedup, whereby natural processes are transformed to achieve faster rates of return in the food marketplace.This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website. DA - 2014/12// PY - 2014/12// DO - 10.14452/mr-066-07-2014-11_4 VL - 66 IS - 7 SP - 35-55 SN - 0027-0520 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Reliability of Retrospective Data on Asset Ownership as a Measure of Past Household Wealth AU - Mullan, Katrina AU - Sills, Erin AU - Bauch, Simone T2 - FIELD METHODS AB - Asset ownership is frequently used to assess the welfare status of households in rural areas of developing countries. Researchers often want to know the prior status of households or how that status has changed over time. In a case study in the Brazilian Amazon, we compare recall data with contemporary reports on assets from a panel survey. We consider multiple dimensions of the consistency of retrospective and contemporary data and seek to identify characteristics that lead to more accurate recall. We find that although retrospective data provide some information on past assets owned by households, they do not provide a highly accurate measure of either individual asset ownership or counts of types of assets owned. Consistent with previous studies, we find that items with greater salience are recalled more accurately. We also find that wealthier households exhibit upward bias when recalling assets owned in a previous period. DA - 2014/8// PY - 2014/8// DO - 10.1177/1525822x13510370 VL - 26 IS - 3 SP - 223-238 SN - 1552-3969 KW - household survey KW - recall data KW - Brazil KW - asset ownership ER - TY - JOUR TI - Meet the lodgers AU - Dunn, Rob T2 - NEW SCIENTIST AB - Your house contains an entire ecosystem of organisms whose fate is in your hands, says evolutionary biologist Rob Dunn DA - 2014/8/23/ PY - 2014/8/23/ DO - 10.1016/s0262-4079(14)61630-4 VL - 223 IS - 2983 SP - 34-37 SN - 0262-4079 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84907371173&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Key players and hierarchical organization of prairie dog social networks AU - Verdolin, Jennifer L. AU - Traud, Amanda L. AU - Dunn, Robert R. T2 - ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY AB - The use of social network theory in evaluating animal social groups has gained traction in recent years. Despite the utility of social network analysis in describing attributes of social groups, it remains unclear how comparable this approach is to traditional behavioral observational studies. Using data on Gunnison's prairie dog (Cynomys gunnisoni) social interactions we describe social networks from three populations. We then compare those social networks to groups identified by traditional behavioral approaches and explore whether individuals group together based on similarities. The social groups identified by social network analysis were consistent with those identified by more traditional behavioral approaches. However, fine-grained social sub-structuring was revealed only with social network analysis. We found variation in the patterns of interactions among prairie dog social groups that was largely independent of the behavioral attributes or genetics of the individuals within those groups. We detected that some social groups include disproportionately well-connected individuals acting as hubs or bridges. This study contributes to a growing body of evidence that social networks analysis is a robust and efficient tool for examining social dynamics. DA - 2014/9// PY - 2014/9// DO - 10.1016/j.ecocom.2014.06.003 VL - 19 SP - 140-147 SN - 1476-9840 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84903905547&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Social networks KW - Community detection KW - Sociality KW - Cynomys KW - Social substructure ER - TY - JOUR TI - Improved regional water management utilizing climate forecasts: An interbasin transfer model with a risk management framework AU - Li, Weihua AU - Sankarasubramanian, A. AU - Ranjithan, R. S. AU - Brill, E. D. T2 - Water Resources Research AB - Abstract Regional water supply systems undergo surplus and deficit conditions due to differences in inflow characteristics as well as due to their seasonal demand patterns. This study proposes a framework for regional water management by proposing an interbasin transfer (IBT) model that uses climate‐information‐based inflow forecast for minimizing the deviations from the end‐of‐season target storage across the participating pools. Using the ensemble streamflow forecast, the IBT water allocation model was applied for two reservoir systems in the North Carolina Triangle Area. Results show that interbasin transfers initiated by the ensemble streamflow forecast could potentially improve the overall water supply reliability as the demand continues to grow in the Triangle Area. To further understand the utility of climate forecasts in facilitating IBT under different spatial correlation structures between inflows and between the initial storages of the two systems, a synthetic experiment was designed to evaluate the framework under inflow forecast having different skills. Findings from the synthetic study can be summarized as follows: (a) inflow forecasts combined with the proposed IBT optimization model provide improved allocation in comparison to the allocations obtained under the no‐transfer scenario as well as under transfers obtained with climatology; (b) spatial correlations between inflows and between initial storages among participating reservoirs could also influence the potential benefits that could be achieved through IBT; (c) IBT is particularly beneficial for systems that experience low correlations between inflows or between initial storages or on both attributes of the regional water supply system. Thus, if both infrastructure and permitting structures exist for promoting interbasin transfers, season‐ahead inflow forecasts could provide added benefits in forecasting surplus/deficit conditions among the participating pools in the regional water supply system. DA - 2014/8// PY - 2014/8// DO - 10.1002/2013wr015248 VL - 50 IS - 8 SP - 6810-6827 J2 - Water Resour. Res. LA - en OP - SN - 0043-1397 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013WR015248 DB - Crossref KW - regional water management KW - inflow forecasts KW - interbasin transfer ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ectoparasites in Black-footed Ferrets (Mustela nigripes) from the Largest Reintroduced Population of the Conata Basin, South Dakota, USA AU - Harris, Nyeema C. AU - Livieri, Travis M. AU - Dunn, Robert R. T2 - JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES AB - The black-footed ferret, Mustela nigripes, is an endangered carnivore endemic to the grasslands of North America. We present the first investigation of ectoparasites associated with black-footed ferrets since reintroduction. We sampled more than 200 individuals from one of the largest and most successful reintroduced populations located in the Conata Basin of South Dakota, USA. We compared our findings with ectoparasite assemblages of sympatric carnivores and historic ferret records. We collected more than 1,000 ectoparasites consisting mainly of three flea and tick species, two of which were known historically from South Dakota. Despite our extensive sampling efforts, we did not detect any lice. This is notable because a putative host-specific louse, Neotrichodectes sp., was presumed to have gone extinct when black-footed ferrets were extirpated from the wild. The ectoparasite assemblage on black-footed ferrets comprised only generalist parasites, particularly those found on their prey such as prairie dogs (Cynomys sp.). Oropsylla hirsuta was the most abundant ectoparasite, representing 57% of all ectoparasites detected; a flea vector important in the persistence and transmission of plague. Black-footed ferrets like other endangered species undergo repeated parasite removal and vaccination efforts to facilitate population recovery, which may have unintentionally contributed to their depauperate ectoparasite community. DA - 2014/4// PY - 2014/4// DO - 10.7589/2013-03-048 VL - 50 IS - 2 SP - 340-343 SN - 1943-3700 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84921425016&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Coextinction KW - diversity KW - Oropsylla hirsuta KW - parasite KW - plague KW - prairie dog KW - recovery ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ecohydrological flow networks in the subsurface AU - Band, L. E. AU - McDonnell, J. J. AU - Duncan, J. M. AU - Barros, A. AU - Bejan, A. AU - Burt, T. AU - Dietrich, W. E. AU - Emanuel, R. E. AU - Hwang, T. AU - Katul, G. AU - Kim, Y. AU - McGlynn, B. AU - Miles, B. AU - Porporato, A. AU - Scaife, C. AU - Troch, P. A. T2 - ECOHYDROLOGY AB - ABSTRACT Preferential flow in hillslope systems through subsurface networks developed from a range of botanical, faunal and geophysical processes have been observed and inferred for decades and may provide a large component of the bulk transport of water and solutes. However, our dominant paradigm for understanding and modelling hillslope hydrologic processes is still based on the Darcy–Richards matric flow framework, now with a set of additional methods to attempt to reproduce some of the aggregate function of the two‐phase system of network and matrix flow. We call for a community effort to design and implement a set of well planned experiments in different natural and constructed hillslopes, coupled with the development of new theory and methods to explicitly incorporate and couple the co‐evolution of subsurface flow networks as intrinsic components of hydrological, ecological and geomorphic systems. This is a major community challenge that can now benefit from new experimental infrastructure, renewal of older infrastructure and recent advances in sensor systems and computational capacity but will also require a sustained and organized interdisciplinary approach. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. DA - 2014/8// PY - 2014/8// DO - 10.1002/eco.1525 VL - 7 IS - 4 SP - 1073-1078 SN - 1936-0592 UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000340541600001&KeyUID=WOS:000340541600001 KW - hillslope hydrology KW - flow networks KW - co-evolution KW - community challenge ER - TY - JOUR TI - EFFECTS OF SUBSTRATE TYPE ON DEMOGRAPHIC RATES OF EASTERN OYSTER (CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA) AU - Dunn, Robert P. AU - Eggleston, David B. AU - Lindquist, Niels T2 - JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH AB - Several restored oyster (Crassostrea virginica Gmelin) reefs in Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, have experienced recent population crashes, potentially caused in part by clionid boring sponge infestation of the marl rock (a calcium carbonatemud composite material) commonly used as a reef substrate and of the shells of oysters that colonize the marl reef foundation. The composition and porosity of marl may make it vulnerable to infestation by carbonate bioeroders, particularly clionid sponges. The objective of this study was to quantify the effects of carbonate (CaCO3; oyster shell, marl) versus noncarbonate (non-CaCO3; granite, concrete) reef-building substrates on C. virginica demographic rates, including oyster density and oyster growth, on experimental reefs constructed along the salinity gradients of two estuaries in coastal North Carolina. There were no differences in oyster density among substrate types through the first 6 mo of reef sampling, although at 12 mo after reef construction, differences in density among substrates had emerged. Sites in high-salinity areas had much greater oyster recruitment than up-estuary, lower salinity locations. Early-life growth (<6 mo) of oysters was assessed for recruits to experimental reefs, with few differences seen in oyster mean valve length or growth rate on different substrate types. These results support consideration of non-CaCO3 materials, particularly concrete, for future oyster reef restoration, especially in high-salinity areas where the boring sponge Cliona is abundant, because both oyster density and growth were similar on oyster shell and concrete substrates as long as 1 y after reef construction. DA - 2014/4// PY - 2014/4// DO - 10.2983/035.033.0117 VL - 33 IS - 1 SP - 177-185 SN - 1943-6319 KW - oyster KW - Crassostrea virginica KW - restoration KW - bioerosion KW - clionid sponge KW - salinity KW - recruitment KW - growth ER - TY - JOUR TI - Between Capitalism, the State, and the Grassroots: Mexico’s Contribution to a Global Conservation Debate AU - Haenn, N. AU - Olson, E. AU - Martinez-Reyes, J. AU - Durand, L. T2 - Conservation and Society AB - This introduction situates Mexico in the research on conservation and society, illustrating some nuances and characteristics of the Mexican model of biodiversity conservation in relation to neoliberal economic development and state formation. The paper critiques the way neoliberalism has become a common framework to understand conservation's social practices. Drawing on the ethnographies collected in this special section, the paper considers the importance of state formation and disorganised neoliberalism as intertwined phenomena that explain conservation outcomes. This approach lends itself to the papers' ethnographic descriptions that demonstrate a particular Mexican form of conservation that sits alongside a globalised biodiversity conservation apparatus. The introduction presents some additional analytical interpretations: 1) conservation strategies rooted in profit-driven models are precarious; 2) empirical cases show the expansion of both state structures and capitalist markets via conservation; and 3) non-capitalist approaches to conservation merit greater consideration. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.4103/0972-4923.138407 VL - 12 IS - 2 SP - 111-119 SN - 0975-3133 KW - protected areas KW - metropole conservation KW - ethnographies of conservation KW - capitalism KW - Mexican conservation apparatus ER - TY - JOUR TI - Are winter-active species vulnerable to climate warming? A case study with the wintergreen terrestrial orchid, Tipularia discolor AU - Marchin, Renee M. AU - Dunn, Robert R. AU - Hoffmann, William A. T2 - OECOLOGIA DA - 2014/12// PY - 2014/12// DO - 10.1007/s00442-014-3074-8 VL - 176 IS - 4 SP - 1161-1172 SN - 1432-1939 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84921938451&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Experimental warming KW - Vapor pressure deficit KW - Reproduction KW - Photosynthesis KW - Temperate forest understory ER - TY - JOUR TI - Respiratory disease in United States farmers AU - Hoppin, Jane A AU - Umbach, David M AU - Long, Stuart AU - Rinsky, Jessica L AU - Henneberger, Paul K AU - Salo, Paivi M AU - Zeldin, Darryl C AU - London, Stephanie J AU - Alavanja, Michael C R AU - Blair, Aaron AU - Beane Freeman, Laura E AU - Sandler, Dale P T2 - Occupational and Environmental Medicine AB -

Objectives

Farmers may be at increased risk for adverse respiratory outcomes compared with the general population due to their regular exposures to dusts, animals and chemicals. However, early life farm exposures to microbial agents may result in reduced risk. Understanding respiratory disease risk among farmers and identifying differences between farmers and other populations may lead to better understanding of the contribution of environmental exposures to respiratory disease risk in the general population.

Methods

We compared the prevalence of self-reported respiratory outcomes in 43548 participants from the Agricultural Health Study (AHS), a prospective cohort of farmers and their spouses from Iowa and North Carolina, with data from adult participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) over the same period (2005–2010).

Results

AHS participants had lower prevalences of respiratory diseases (asthma, adult-onset asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema), but higher prevalences of current respiratory symptoms (wheeze, cough and phlegm) even after controlling for smoking, body mass index and population characteristics. The overall prevalence of asthma in the AHS (7.2%, 95% CI 6.9 to 7.4) was 52% of that in NHANES (13.8%, 95% CI 13.3 to 14.3), although the prevalence of adult-onset asthma among men did not differ (3.6% for AHS, 3.7% for NHANES). Conversely, many respiratory symptoms were more common in the AHS than NHANES, particularly among men.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that farmers and their spouses have lower risk for adult-onset respiratory diseases compared with the general population, and potentially higher respiratory irritation as evidenced by increased respiratory symptoms. DA - 2014/6/9/ PY - 2014/6/9/ DO - 10.1136/oemed-2013-101983 VL - 71 IS - 7 SP - 484-491 J2 - Occup Environ Med LA - en OP - SN - 1351-0711 1470-7926 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2013-101983 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Predicting future coexistence in a North American ant community AU - Bewick, Sharon AU - Stuble, Katharine L. AU - Lessard, Jean-Phillipe AU - Dunn, Robert R. AU - Adler, Frederick R. AU - Sanders, Nathan J. T2 - ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION AB - Global climate change will remodel ecological communities worldwide. However, as a consequence of biotic interactions, communities may respond to climate change in idiosyncratic ways. This makes predictive models that incorporate biotic interactions necessary. We show how such models can be constructed based on empirical studies in combination with predictions or assumptions regarding the abiotic consequences of climate change. Specifically, we consider a well-studied ant community in North America. First, we use historical data to parameterize a basic model for species coexistence. Using this model, we determine the importance of various factors, including thermal niches, food discovery rates, and food removal rates, to historical species coexistence. We then extend the model to predict how the community will restructure in response to several climate-related changes, such as increased temperature, shifts in species phenology, and altered resource availability. Interestingly, our mechanistic model suggests that increased temperature and shifts in species phenology can have contrasting effects. Nevertheless, for almost all scenarios considered, we find that the most subordinate ant species suffers most as a result of climate change. More generally, our analysis shows that community composition can respond to climate warming in nonintuitive ways. For example, in the context of a community, it is not necessarily the most heat-sensitive species that are most at risk. Our results demonstrate how models that account for niche partitioning and interspecific trade-offs among species can be used to predict the likely idiosyncratic responses of local communities to climate change. DA - 2014/5// PY - 2014/5// DO - 10.1002/ece3.1048 VL - 4 IS - 10 SP - 1804-1819 SN - 2045-7758 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84900867402&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Ant communities KW - climate change KW - differential equations KW - mechanistic models KW - species interactions ER - TY - CHAP TI - Navigating Controversies in Search of Neutrality: Analyzing Efforts by Public Think Tanks to Inform Climate Change Policy AU - Delborne, J.A. T2 - Culture, Politics, and Climate Change: How Information Shapes our Common Future A2 - Crow, D.A. A2 - Boykoff, M. PY - 2014/// SP - 163–179 PB - Routledge/Earthscan SN - 9780415661485 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Improving Conservation Outcomes with Insights from Local Experts and Bureaucracies AU - Haenn, N. AU - Schmook, B. AU - Martínez, Y.Reyes AU - Calmé, S. T2 - Conservation Biology AB - We describe conservation built on local expertise such that it constitutes a hybrid form of traditional and bureaucratic knowledge. Researchers regularly ask how local knowledge might be applied to programs linked to protected areas. By examining the production of conservation knowledge in southern Mexico, we assert local expertise is already central to conservation. However, bureaucratic norms and social identity differences between lay experts and conservation practitioners prevent the public valuing of traditional knowledge. We make this point by contrasting 2 examples. The first is a master's thesis survey of local experts regarding the biology of the King Vulture (Sarcoramphus papa) in which data collection took place in communities adjacent to the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve. The second is a workshop sponsored by the same reserve that instructed farmers on how to monitor endangered species, including the King Vulture. In both examples, conservation knowledge would not have existed without traditional knowledge. In both examples, this traditional knowledge is absent from scientific reporting. On the basis of these findings, we suggest conservation outcomes may be improved by recognizing the knowledge contributions local experts already make to conservation programming. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1111/cobi.12265 VL - 28 IS - 4 SP - 951-958 SN - 1523-1739 KW - environmental governance KW - erasure of knowledge KW - ethnoecology KW - King Vulture KW - Latin America KW - local ecological knowledge KW - Sarcoramphus papa ER - TY - JOUR TI - Better the devil you throw: Experience and support for pay-as-you-throw waste charges AU - Brown, Zachary S. AU - Johnstone, Nick T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & POLICY AB - Environmental taxes have long been proposed as an efficient means of improving the fiscal solvency of governments, while at the same time correcting for environmental externalities. However, public support for environmental taxes is often low, making the implementation of these instruments politically challenging in some settings. Scholars have explored the reasons for this broad, negative attitude towards environmental taxes, especially since these taxes are by design supposed to be welfare-improving. But previous empirical analysis on this topic is sparse and limited in context. Here, we empirically analyze support for environmental taxes across four countries, using a household survey on environmental attitudes, behaviour and policy exposure conducted by OECD during 2011. The environmental tax we focus on is pay-as-you-throw (PAYT) charges for mixed waste collection. Looking at expressed levels of support for PAYT charges, we find that people who are exposed to such systems tend to be significantly more supportive of them. This indicates that ex ante public resistance to such schemes is likely to dissipate following their introduction, a pattern which is supported by other, anecdotal reports and by lab experiments with generic Pigouvian taxes which we summarize in the literature review. DA - 2014/4// PY - 2014/4// DO - 10.1016/j.envsci.2013.11.007 VL - 38 SP - 132-142 SN - 1873-6416 KW - Behavioural environmental economics KW - Pay-as-you-throw KW - Pigouvian taxes KW - Political economy ER - TY - JOUR TI - Using Historical and Experimental Data to Reveal Warming Effects on Ant Assemblages AU - Resasco, Julian AU - Pelini, Shannon L. AU - Stuble, Katharine L. AU - Sanders, Nathan J. AU - Dunn, Robert R. AU - Diamond, Sarah E. AU - Ellison, Aaron M. AU - Gotelli, Nicholas J. AU - Levey, Douglas J. T2 - PLOS ONE AB - Historical records of species are compared with current records to elucidate effects of recent climate change. However, confounding variables such as succession, land-use change, and species invasions make it difficult to demonstrate a causal link between changes in biota and changes in climate. Experiments that manipulate temperature can overcome this issue of attribution, but long-term impacts of warming are difficult to test directly. Here we combine historical and experimental data to explore effects of warming on ant assemblages in southeastern US. Observational data span a 35-year period (1976-2011), during which mean annual temperatures had an increasing trend. Mean summer temperatures in 2010-2011 were ∼ 2.7 °C warmer than in 1976. Experimental data come from an ongoing study in the same region, for which temperatures have been increased ∼ 1.5-5.5 °C above ambient from 2010 to 2012. Ant species richness and evenness decreased with warming under natural but not experimental warming. These discrepancies could have resulted from differences in timescales of warming, abiotic or biotic factors, or initial species pools. Species turnover tended to increase with temperature in observational and experimental datasets. At the species level, the observational and experimental datasets had four species in common, two of which exhibited consistent patterns between datasets. With natural and experimental warming, collections of the numerically dominant, thermophilic species, Crematogaster lineolata, increased roughly two-fold. Myrmecina americana, a relatively heat intolerant species, decreased with temperature in natural and experimental warming. In contrast, species in the Solenopsis molesta group did not show consistent responses to warming, and Temenothorax pergandei was rare across temperatures. Our results highlight the difficulty of interpreting community responses to warming based on historical records or experiments alone. Because some species showed consistent responses to warming based on thermal tolerances, understanding functional traits may prove useful in explaining responses of species to warming. DA - 2014/2/4/ PY - 2014/2/4/ DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0088029 VL - 9 IS - 2 SP - SN - 1932-6203 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84895171517&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Targeting areas for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+) projects in Tanzania AU - Lin, Liwei AU - Sills, Erin AU - Cheshire, Heather T2 - GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS AB - Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+) has gained momentum as a climate mitigation strategy that can be implemented at multiple scales. Sub-nationally, REDD+ projects that aim to capture carbon funding are implemented throughout tropical countries. A spatial targeting approach for optimal REDD+ project landscape is demonstrated using Tanzania as an example. This study used GIS-based Multi-criteria Decision Analysis to identify potential areas for REDD+ projects development incorporating different combinations of criteria. The first approach, efficient targeting, focuses on areas with high forest carbon content, high deforestation risk and low opportunity cost. The second approach, co-benefits targeting, aims at areas with high biodiversity and high poverty rate on top of criteria in efficient targeting. The resulting suitability maps displays areas of high, medium and low suitability for future REDD+ projects development based on the targeting approaches. Locations of current REDD+ projects in Tanzania were also overlaid with suitability map to visually inspect how they match up. This approach allows decision-makers to prioritize preferences for various site-selection criteria and make informed decisions about REDD+ projects locations. DA - 2014/1// PY - 2014/1// DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.12.003 VL - 24 SP - 277-286 SN - 1872-9495 KW - REDD plus project KW - Spatial targeting KW - Multi-criteria Decision Analysis ER - TY - JOUR TI - Systematic Exploration of Efficient Strategies to Manage Solid Waste in US Municipalities: Perspectives from the Solid Waste Optimization Life-Cycle Framework (SWOLF) AU - Levis, James W. AU - Barlaz, Morton A. AU - DeCarolis, Joseph F. AU - Ranjithan, S. Ranji T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY AB - Solid waste management (SWM) systems must proactively adapt to changing policy requirements, waste composition, and an evolving energy system to sustainably manage future solid waste. This study represents the first application of an optimizable dynamic life-cycle assessment framework capable of considering these future changes. The framework was used to draw insights by analyzing the SWM system of a hypothetical suburban U.S. city of 100 000 people over 30 years while considering changes to population, waste generation, and energy mix and costs. The SWM system included 3 waste generation sectors, 30 types of waste materials, and 9 processes for waste separation, treatment, and disposal. A business-as-usual scenario (BAU) was compared to three optimization scenarios that (1) minimized cost (Min Cost), (2) maximized diversion (Max Diversion), and (3) minimized greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (Min GHG) from the system. The Min Cost scenario saved $7.2 million (12%) and reduced GHG emissions (3%) relative to the BAU scenario. Compared to the Max Diversion scenario, the Min GHG scenario cost approximately 27% less and more than doubled the net reduction in GHG emissions. The results illustrate how the timed-deployment of technologies in response to changes in waste composition and the energy system results in more efficient SWM system performance compared to what is possible from static analyses. DA - 2014/4/1/ PY - 2014/4/1/ DO - 10.1021/es500052h VL - 48 IS - 7 SP - 3625-3631 SN - 1520-5851 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Species Trials of Short Rotation Woody Crops on Two Wastewater Application Sites in North Carolina, USA AU - Shifflett, Shawn Dayson AU - Hazel, Dennis W. AU - Frederick, Douglas J. AU - Nichols, Elizabeth Guthrie T2 - BIOENERGY RESEARCH DA - 2014/3// PY - 2014/3// DO - 10.1007/s12155-013-9351-2 VL - 7 IS - 1 SP - 157-173 SN - 1939-1242 KW - Populus KW - Native trees KW - Municipal wastewater KW - Bioenergy KW - Marginal and degraded lands ER - TY - JOUR TI - Power earth auger modification for waste extraction from pit latrines AU - Rogers, Tate Weston AU - Reyes, Francis L., III AU - Beckwith, Walter J. AU - Borden, Robert C. T2 - JOURNAL OF WATER SANITATION AND HYGIENE FOR DEVELOPMENT AB - The extraction auger was developed to meet the need for a low cost, effective method to empty pit latrines in difficult to access locations. The basic design consists of a motor that rotates an auger inside a pipe, lifting waste from a pit and depositing it into containers through a wye fitting at the top of the device. Laboratory testing of the auger showed increases in flow rates with increasing auger rotational speed and waste viscosity. An auger with an external hydraulic drive was capable of lifting dairy waste over 2.5 m, at flow rates of over 125 liters per minute. Field-testing showed the equipment was effective at lifting medium viscosity wastes containing a mixture of liquid and solid material. However, the auger was not effective in removing low viscosity, liquid waste that would flow backward down the auger reducing lifting efficiency. The auger was capable of drilling into dense solid waste, forming a ‘posthole’ in the waste. However, since the dense solid waste would not flow towards the auger intake, actual waste removal from the pit was limited. Improved methods are needed to mix liquid and solid waste in pits prior to removal with the extraction auger or other technologies. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.2166/washdev.2013.183 VL - 4 IS - 1 SP - 72-80 SN - 2043-9083 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84896480247&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - auger KW - pit emptying KW - portable ER - TY - JOUR TI - Improving Groundwater Predictions Utilizing Seasonal Precipitation Forecasts from General Circulation Models Forced with Sea Surface Temperature Forecasts AU - Almanaseer, Naser AU - Sankarasubramanian, A. AU - Bales, Jerad T2 - JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING AB - Recent studies have found a significant association between climatic variability and basin hydroclimatology, particularly groundwater levels, over the southeast United States. The research reported in this paper evaluates the potential in developing 6-month-ahead groundwater-level forecasts based on the precipitation forecasts from ECHAM 4.5 General Circulation Model Forced with Sea Surface Temperature forecasts. Ten groundwater wells and nine streamgauges from the USGS Groundwater Climate Response Network and Hydro-Climatic Data Network were selected to represent groundwater and surface water flows, respectively, having minimal anthropogenic influences within the Flint River Basin in Georgia, United States. The writers employ two low-dimensional models [principle component regression (PCR) and canonical correlation analysis (CCA)] for predicting groundwater and streamflow at both seasonal and monthly timescales. Three modeling schemes are considered at the beginning of January to predict winter (January, February, and March) and spring (April, May, and June) streamflow and groundwater for the selected sites within the Flint River Basin. The first scheme (model 1) is a null model and is developed using PCR for every streamflow and groundwater site using previous 3-month observations (October, November, and December) available at that particular site as predictors. Modeling schemes 2 and 3 are developed using PCR and CCA, respectively, to evaluate the role of precipitation forecasts in improving monthly and seasonal groundwater predictions. Modeling scheme 3, which employs a CCA approach, is developed for each site by considering observed groundwater levels from nearby sites as predictands. The performance of these three schemes is evaluated using two metrics (correlation coefficient and relative RMS error) by developing groundwater-level forecasts based on leave-five-out cross-validation. Results from the research reported in this paper show that using precipitation forecasts in climate models improves the ability to predict the interannual variability of winter and spring streamflow and groundwater levels over the basin. However, significant conditional bias exists in all the three modeling schemes, which indicates the need to consider improved modeling schemes as well as the availability of longer time-series of observed hydroclimatic information over the basin. DA - 2014/1/1/ PY - 2014/1/1/ DO - 10.1061/(asce)he.1943-5584.0000776 VL - 19 IS - 1 SP - 87-98 SN - 1943-5584 KW - Groundwater management KW - Water levels KW - Climates KW - Stochastic models KW - Predictions KW - Groundwater KW - Forecasts KW - Hydroclimatology KW - Climate ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hygienic conditions in child-care facilities in North Carolina and South Carolina: An integrated microbial and observational study AU - Li, You AU - Jaykus, Lee-Ann AU - Cates, Sheryl AU - Wohlgenant, Kelly AU - Chen, , Xi AU - Fraser, Angela M. T2 - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL AB - Background In the United States almost one-quarter (23%) of children younger than age 5 years participate in some form of out-of-home child care; these children are 2.3-3.5 times more likely to contract acute gastrointestinal illness. Methods Observational investigations were done to understand the hygienic conditions and practices of 40 child-care facilities in North Carolina and South Carolina. These data were compared with microbiological indicator data (aerobic plate counts and coliform counts) collected from selected surfaces in each facility. Results from the two data sets were analyzed using nonparametric statistical methods to reveal potential risk factors for enteric disease transmission. Results Statistically significant differences (P ≤ .05) in surface microbial counts were observed when comparing family child-care homes versus centers and between facilities participating in the Child and Adult Care Food Program and those that do not participate. Facilities without written surface cleaning or food preparation policies had statistically significantly higher microbial counts on surfaces. Conclusions Our unique study, which combined observational and microbiological data, provided revealing information about the relationship between hygiene indicators and sanitary practices in child-care facilities in the southeastern United States. In the United States almost one-quarter (23%) of children younger than age 5 years participate in some form of out-of-home child care; these children are 2.3-3.5 times more likely to contract acute gastrointestinal illness. Observational investigations were done to understand the hygienic conditions and practices of 40 child-care facilities in North Carolina and South Carolina. These data were compared with microbiological indicator data (aerobic plate counts and coliform counts) collected from selected surfaces in each facility. Results from the two data sets were analyzed using nonparametric statistical methods to reveal potential risk factors for enteric disease transmission. Statistically significant differences (P ≤ .05) in surface microbial counts were observed when comparing family child-care homes versus centers and between facilities participating in the Child and Adult Care Food Program and those that do not participate. Facilities without written surface cleaning or food preparation policies had statistically significantly higher microbial counts on surfaces. Our unique study, which combined observational and microbiological data, provided revealing information about the relationship between hygiene indicators and sanitary practices in child-care facilities in the southeastern United States. DA - 2014/7// PY - 2014/7// DO - 10.1016/j.ajic.2014.03.009 VL - 42 IS - 7 SP - 781-786 SN - 1527-3296 KW - Microbial indicators KW - Sanitation KW - Family daycare home KW - Child care centers ER - TY - JOUR TI - How many and which ant species are being accidentally moved around the world? (Retraction of vol 9, 20130540, 2013) AU - Miravete, Veronica AU - Roura-Pascual, Nuria AU - Dunn, Robert R. AU - Gomez, Crisanto T2 - BIOLOGY LETTERS AB - You have accessMoreSectionsView PDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Cite this article Miravete Verónica, Roura-Pascual Núria, Dunn Robert R. and Gómez Crisanto 2014How many and which ant species are being accidentally moved around the world?Biol. Lett.102014050420140504http://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2014.0504SectionYou have accessRetractionsHow many and which ant species are being accidentally moved around the world? Verónica Miravete Verónica Miravete Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , Núria Roura-Pascual Núria Roura-Pascual Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , Robert R. Dunn Robert R. Dunn Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author and Crisanto Gómez Crisanto Gómez Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author Verónica Miravete Verónica Miravete Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , Núria Roura-Pascual Núria Roura-Pascual Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , Robert R. Dunn Robert R. Dunn Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author and Crisanto Gómez Crisanto Gómez Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author Published:01 July 2014https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2014.0504This article retracts the followingResearch ArticleHow many and which ant species are being accidentally moved around the world?https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2013.0540 Verónica Miravete, Núria Roura-Pascual, Robert R. Dunn and Crisanto Gómez volume 9issue 5Biology Letters23 October 2013Biol. Lett.9, 20130540 (Published 14 August 2013). (doi:10.1098/rsbl.2013.0540)Herewith, we retract our paper ‘How many and which ant species are being accidentally moved around the world?’ by Verónica Miravete et al., published online on 23 October 2013 (Biol. Lett.9, 20130540; doi:10.1098/rsbl.2013.0540). After careful examination of the original data on introduced and established ants on regions worldwide, we realized that we used a wrong list of species and omitted to include a reference (Sarnat E. (2012) North America checklist. Antkey . Extracted 3 June 2014) in the paper. Although the main arguments and conclusions remain the same after correcting these errors, the use of the wrong version of the data affected the magnitude of the analyses conducted at the country level (in the electronic supplementary material) and, to a lesser extent, when all countries were considered together (in the main text). Therefore, we wish to retract the article. We deeply apologize for any inconvenience this publication might have caused to the readers of Biology Letters.Verónica MiraveteFacultat de Ciències, Departament de Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spaine-mail: [email protected]Núria Roura-PascualFacultat de Ciències, Departament de Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spaine-mail: [email protected]Robert R. DunnDepartment of Biology, The W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7617, USAe-mail: [email protected]Crisanto GómezFacultat de Ciències, Departament de Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spaine-mail: [email protected] Previous Article VIEW FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD PDF FiguresRelatedReferencesDetailsCited by Bertelsmeier C (2021) Globalization and the anthropogenic spread of invasive social insects, Current Opinion in Insect Science, 10.1016/j.cois.2021.01.006, 46, (16-23), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2021. Related articlesHow many and which ant species are being accidentally moved around the world?23 October 2013Biology Letters This IssueJuly 2014Volume 10Issue 7 Article InformationDOI:https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2014.0504PubMed:24994906Published by:Royal SocietyOnline ISSN:1744-957XHistory: Published online01/07/2014Published in print31/07/2014 License:© 2014 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved. Citations and impact Large datasets are available through Biology Letters' partnership with Dryad DA - 2014/7// PY - 2014/7// DO - 10.1098/rsbl.2014.0504 VL - 10 IS - 7 SP - SN - 1744-957X UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84906071049&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Editorial overview: Environmental virology AU - Jaykus, Lee-Ann AU - Meschke, John Scott T2 - CURRENT OPINION IN VIROLOGY DA - 2014/2// PY - 2014/2// DO - 10.1016/j.coviro.2014.01.007 VL - 4 SP - VII-IX SN - 1879-6257 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Economy "versus" Environment: The Influence of Economic Ideology and Political Identity on Perceived Threat of Eco-Catastrophe AU - Longo, Stefano B. AU - Baker, Joseph O. T2 - SOCIOLOGICAL QUARTERLY AB - Using data from a national survey of American adults, we examine the relationships between economic, political, sociodemographic, and religious characteristics with perception of the potential for eco-catastrophe. We employ the treadmill of production theory to frame our understanding of views about ecological concerns, arguing that the treadmill discourse associated with economic development is hegemonic and fundamentally shapes public views of eco-catastrophe. In line with this approach, economic ideology is the strongest predictor of attitudes about eco-catastrophe, and its influence is conditioned by political identity. There is also significant patterning in these perceptions based on gender, race, education, and religion, but the influence of social characteristics is primarily indirect—mediated by economic ideology and political identity. These results provide useful information for addressing environmental problems in public discourse and bridging policy divides. DA - 2014/3// PY - 2014/3// DO - 10.1111/tsq.12052 VL - 55 IS - 2 SP - 341-365 SN - 1533-8525 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Vegetation and topographic influences on the connectivity of shallow groundwater between hillslopes and streams AU - Emanuel, Ryan E. AU - Hazen, Anna G. AU - McGlynn, Brian L. AU - Jencso, Kelsey G. T2 - ECOHYDROLOGY AB - ABSTRACT Little is known about the combined effects of vegetation and topography on hillslope water table dynamics. In forested headwater catchments, complex terrain and vegetation intersect to impose large spatial and temporal variability in the vertical and lateral redistribution of water from hillslopes to streams. Here, we demonstrate, using empirical data from the Northern Rocky Mountains, that vegetation interacts with landscape topography to influence hillslope–riparian–stream hydrologic connectivity. We compared a measured relationship between hillslope contributing area and hydrologic connectivity during the growing season to LiDAR‐derived vegetation characteristics and found that two behavioural regimes emerged. Among some hillslopes, hydrologic connectivity decreased as vegetation density increased, demonstrating that growing season hydrologic connectivity is subject to the balance between evapotranspiration and lateral redistribution of soil water. Among other hillslopes, hydrologic connectivity increased as vegetation density increased. For the latter set of hillslopes, hydrologic connectivity cannot be explained by topography and vegetation alone. When we compared joint distributions of vegetation density and modelled solar irradiance between the two regimes as another indicator of evapotranspiration, we found that conditions were generally more favourable for higher transpiration on hillslopes where hydrologic connectivity decreased as vegetation density increased than on hillslopes where the opposite behaviour was observed. Our results demonstrate not only the importance of vegetation heterogeneity for hillslope–riparian–stream connectivity but also the importance of other spatially distributed variables such as energy availability when considering the influence of topography on hydrological processes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. DA - 2014/4// PY - 2014/4// DO - 10.1002/eco.1409 VL - 7 IS - 2 SP - 887-895 SN - 1936-0592 UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000334671600056&KeyUID=WOS:000334671600056 KW - hillslope KW - hydrology KW - vegetation KW - topography KW - connectivity KW - insolation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Systems Biology of Lignin Biosynthesis in Populus trichocarpa: Heteromeric 4-Coumaric Acid: Coenzyme A Ligase Protein Complex Formation, Regulation, and Numerical Modeling AU - Chen, Hsi-Chuan AU - Song, Jina AU - Wang, Jack P. AU - Lin, Ying-Chung AU - Ducoste, Joel AU - Shuford, Christopher M. AU - Liu, Jie AU - Li, Quanzi AU - Shi, Rui AU - Nepomuceno, Angelito AU - Isik, Fikret AU - Muddiman, David C. AU - Williams, Cranos AU - Sederoff, Ronald R. AU - Chiang, Vincent L. T2 - PLANT CELL AB - As a step toward predictive modeling of flux through the pathway of monolignol biosynthesis in stem differentiating xylem of Populus trichocarpa, we discovered that the two 4-coumaric acid:CoA ligase (4CL) isoforms, 4CL3 and 4CL5, interact in vivo and in vitro to form a heterotetrameric protein complex. This conclusion is based on laser microdissection, coimmunoprecipitation, chemical cross-linking, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and mass spectrometry. The tetramer is composed of three subunits of 4CL3 and one of 4CL5. 4CL5 appears to have a regulatory role. This protein–protein interaction affects the direction and rate of metabolic flux for monolignol biosynthesis in P. trichocarpa. A mathematical model was developed for the behavior of 4CL3 and 4CL5 individually and in mixtures that form the enzyme complex. The model incorporates effects of mixtures of multiple hydroxycinnamic acid substrates, competitive inhibition, uncompetitive inhibition, and self-inhibition, along with characteristic of the substrates, the enzyme isoforms, and the tetrameric complex. Kinetic analysis of different ratios of the enzyme isoforms shows both inhibition and activation components, which are explained by the mathematical model and provide insight into the regulation of metabolic flux for monolignol biosynthesis by protein complex formation. DA - 2014/3// PY - 2014/3// DO - 10.1105/tpc.113.119685 VL - 26 IS - 3 SP - 876-893 SN - 1532-298X UR - https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.113.119685 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Systematic uncertainty reduction strategies for developing streamflow forecasts utilizing multiple climate models and hydrologic models AU - Singh, Harminder AU - Sankarasubramanian, A. T2 - WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH AB - Recent studies show that multimodel combinations improve hydroclimatic predictions by reducing model uncertainty. Given that climate forecasts are available from multiple climate models, which could be ingested with multiple watershed models, what is the best strategy to reduce the uncertainty in streamflow forecasts? To address this question, we consider three possible strategies: (1) reduce the input uncertainty first by combining climate models and then use the multimodel climate forecasts with multiple watershed models (MM-P), (2) ingest the individual climate forecasts (without multimodel combination) with various watershed models and then combine the streamflow predictions that arise from all possible combinations of climate and watershed models (MM-Q), (3) combine the streamflow forecasts obtained from multiple watershed models based on strategy (1) to develop a single streamflow prediction that reduces uncertainty in both climate forecasts and watershed models (MM-PQ). For this purpose, we consider synthetic schemes that generate streamflow and climate forecasts, for comparing the performance of three strategies with the true streamflow generated by a given hydrologic model. Results from the synthetic study show that reducing input uncertainty first (MM-P) by combining climate forecasts results in reduced error in predicting the true streamflow compared to the error of multimodel streamflow forecasts obtained by combining streamflow forecasts from all-possible combination of individual climate model with various hydrologic models (MM-Q). Since the true hydrologic model structure is unknown, it is desirable to consider MM-PQ as an alternate choice that reduces both input uncertainty and hydrologic model uncertainty. Application on two watersheds in NC also indicates that reducing the input uncertainty first is critical before reducing the hydrologic model uncertainty. DA - 2014/2// PY - 2014/2// DO - 10.1002/2013wr013855 VL - 50 IS - 2 SP - 1288-1307 SN - 1944-7973 KW - Model Uncertainty KW - Model Combination KW - Streamflow Forecasts KW - Climate Forecasts ER - TY - JOUR TI - Selection and characterization of DNA aptamers specific for Listeria species AU - Suh, Soo Hwan AU - Dwivedi, Hari P. AU - Choi, Soo Jung AU - Jaykus, Lee-Ann T2 - ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY AB - Single-stranded (ss) DNA aptamers with binding affinity to Listeria spp. were selected using a whole-cell SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment) method. Listeria monocytogenes cells were grown at 37 °C and harvested at mid-log phase or early stationary phase to serve as the targets in SELEX. A total of 10 unique aptamer sequences were identified, six associated with log phase cells and four with stationary phase cells. Binding affinity of the aptamers was determined using flow cytometry and ranged from 10% to 44%. Four candidates having high binding affinity were further studied and found to show genus-specific binding affinity when screened against five different species within the Listeria genus. Using sequential binding assays combined with flow cytometry, it was determined that three of the aptamers (LM6-2, LM12-6, and LM12-13) bound to one apparent cell surface moiety, while a fourth aptamer (LM6-116) appeared to bind to a different cell surface region. This is the first study in which SELEX targeted bacterial cells at different growth phases. When used together, aptamers that bind to different cell surface moieties could increase the analytical sensitivity of future capture and detection assays. DA - 2014/8/15/ PY - 2014/8/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.ab.2014.05.006 VL - 459 SP - 39-45 SN - 1096-0309 KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Listeria spp. KW - Aptamer KW - SELEX KW - Pathogen detection ER - TY - JOUR TI - Obesity and the cardiovascular health effects of fine particulate air pollution AU - Weichenthal, Scott AU - Hoppin, Jane A. AU - Reeves, Francois T2 - Obesity AB - Objective This review examines evidence related to the potential impact of obesity on the cardiovascular health effects of fine particulate air pollution (PM 2.5 ). Methods A PubMed search was conducted in December, 2013 and studies were included if they examined the relationship between PM 2.5 and cardiovascular health as well as effect modification by obesity. Results One hundred twenty‐one citations were reviewed; three large prospective cohort studies and 14 panel studies with short‐term follow‐up met the above criteria. All three cohort studies reported stronger associations between PM 2.5 and cardiovascular mortality among obese subjects and one reported a significant trend of increased risk with increased body mass index. Similarly, 11 of 14 panel studies reported stronger associations between PM 2.5 and acute changes in physiological measures of cardiovascular health among obese subjects including outcomes such as blood pressure and arrhythmia. Although interactions were not always statistically significant, the consistent pattern of stronger associations among obese subjects suggests that obesity may modify the impact of PM 2.5 on cardiovascular health. Conclusions Epidemiological evidence suggests that obesity may increase susceptibility to the cardiovascular health effects of PM 2.5 . This an important area of research as the public health impacts of air pollution could increase with increasing prevalence of obesity. DA - 2014/3/27/ PY - 2014/3/27/ DO - 10.1002/oby.20748 VL - 22 IS - 7 SP - 1580-1589 J2 - Obesity LA - en OP - SN - 1930-7381 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oby.20748 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Niobium oxide catalyst for delignification of switchgrass for fermentable sugar production AU - Ansanay, Yane AU - Kolar, Praveen AU - Sharma-Shivappa, Ratna R. AU - Cheng, Jay J. T2 - INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS AB - In this research, niobium oxide, a solid acid catalyst was evaluated as a pretreatment agent for delignification of Alamo switchgrass. The objectives were to determine the effects of temperature, catalyst loading, and pretreatment time on delignification and enzymatic hydrolysis of switchgrass and evaluate reusability of the catalyst. Batch experiments were performed using a Box–Behnken statistical model to study the effects of temperature, pretreatment time, and catalyst loading followed by hydrolysis using Cellic®Ctec2 (Novozymes). Niobium oxide was able to reduce total lignin concentrations up to 44.6 ± 0.97%. Hydrolysis experiments performed for 72 and 168 h (7% enzyme loading) indicated that a maximum glucose yield of 0.169 g g−1 (59.94% conversion)–0.196 g g−1 (77.51% conversion) was obtained. Catalyst reusability studies suggested that niobium oxide was able to pretreat four separate batches of switchgrass without losing activity. Niobium oxide is expected to serve as a reusable pretreatment catalyst and make ethanol production inexpensive and environmentally friendly. DA - 2014/1// PY - 2014/1// DO - 10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.11.044 VL - 52 SP - 790-795 SN - 1872-633X KW - Switchgrass KW - Pretreatment KW - Niobium oxide KW - Delignification KW - Enzymatic hydrolysis ER - TY - JOUR TI - Molecular methods used to estimate thermal inactivation of a prototype human norovirus: More heat resistant than previously believed? AU - Escudero-Abarca, B. I. AU - Rawsthorne, H. AU - Goulter, R. M. AU - Suh, S. H. AU - Jaykus, L. A. T2 - FOOD MICROBIOLOGY AB - Two molecular-based methods for estimating capsid integrity as a proxy for virus infectivity were used to produce thermal inactivation profiles of Snow Mountain virus (SMV), a prototype human norovirus (HuNoV). Monodispersed virus suspensions were exposed to 77, 80, 82 and 85 °C for various times, pre-treated with either propidium monoazide (PMA) or RNase, and subjected to RNA isolation followed by RT-qPCR amplification. D-values were 25.6 ± 2.8, 3.1 ± 0.1, 0.7 ± 0.04 and 0.2 ± 0.07 min at 77, 80, 82 and 85 °C, respectively for PMA-treated SMV; and 16.4 ± 0.4, 3.9 ± 0.2 0.9 ± 0.3 and 0.12 ± 0.00 min at 77, 80, 82 and 85 °C, respectively for RNase-treated SMV. Corresponding zD values were 3.80 °C and 3.71 °C for PMA and RNase-treated virus, respectively. Electron microscopy data applied to heat-treated virus-like particles supported this relatively high degree of thermal resistance. The data suggest that SMV is more heat resistant than common cultivable HuNoV surrogates. Standardized thermal inactivation methods (such as milk pasteurization) may not be stringent enough to eliminate this virus and perhaps other HuNoV. DA - 2014/8// PY - 2014/8// DO - 10.1016/j.fm.2014.01.009 VL - 41 SP - 91-95 SN - 1095-9998 KW - Human norovirus KW - Thermal inactivation KW - Heat resistance ER - TY - JOUR TI - Interactions in a warmer world: effects of experimental warming, conspecific density, and herbivory on seedling dynamics AU - Burt, Melissa A. AU - Dunn, Robert R. AU - Nichols, Lauren M. AU - Sanders, Nathan J. T2 - ECOSPHERE AB - Many effects of a changing climate for organisms, populations, and ecosystems are already apparent. Less studied are the effects of increases in temperature on species interactions. While warming may potentially alter interactions among species, species interactions may also mediate individual species responses to ongoing climatic change. In this experiment we manipulated temperature in field‐based, open‐top chambers for three years to examine the relationship between biotic interactions and climatic warming on the population dynamics of seedlings of Quercus alba . We investigated the effect of warming on rates of insect herbivory on Q. alba seedlings. Additionally, we assessed the relative effects of increasing temperature, insect herbivory, and conspecific density on seedling survival. We found two unexpected results. First, we observed a negative relationship between temperature and levels of insect herbivory during each year of the experiment. Second, higher levels of herbivory were associated with higher rates of survival to the second year of the study. Although we never detected a direct effect of conspecific density on seedling survival, herbivory and conspecific seedling density did interact to influence Q. alba seedling survival early in the experiment. Taken together, our results indicate species responses to climatic warming may be contingent on intra‐ and interspecific interactions, sometimes in complicated and counter‐intuitive ways. DA - 2014/1// PY - 2014/1// DO - 10.1890/es13-00198.1 VL - 5 IS - 1 SP - SN - 2150-8925 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84900003628&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - active warming KW - climatic warming KW - insect herbivory KW - interspecific interaction KW - intraspecific interaction KW - Quercus alba KW - warming experiment KW - white oak ER - TY - JOUR TI - Combining expert elicitation and stated preference methods to value ecosystem services from improved lake water quality AU - Van Houtven, George AU - Mansfield, Carol AU - Phaneuf, Daniel J. AU - Haefen, Roger AU - Milstead, Bryan AU - Kenney, Melissa A. AU - Reckhow, Kenneth H. T2 - ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS AB - With increasing attention on the contribution of ecosystems to human well-being, there is a need for tools that integrate ecological and economic models for valuing ecosystem services. To address this, we develop a protocol for linking ecological processes and outcomes to human preferences, which combines environmental modeling, expert elicitation, and nonmarket valuation methods. Our application values reductions in nutrient loads to lakes in the southeastern US. The innovation centers on how biochemical measures of water quality (e.g., chlorophyll a) are translated into terms that are meaningful to individuals who derive ecosystem services from them. Using expert elicitation data, we estimate a model linking changes in biochemical measures to an index of eutrophication in lakes. We then develop a stated preference survey including (a) detailed descriptions of the perceptible outcomes – e.g., water color, clarity – associated each eutrophication index level; and (b) policy scenarios involving state-level changes in lake eutrophication conditions. We estimate a function that predicts households' willingness to pay for changes in lake water quality. We demonstrate the protocol through a case study examining the benefits of lake quality improvement in Virginia as a result of recent policies to reduce nutrient loads in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. DA - 2014/3// PY - 2014/3// DO - 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2013.12.018 VL - 99 SP - 40-52 SN - 1873-6106 KW - Ecosystem services valuation KW - Water quality KW - Expert elicitation KW - Stated preference KW - Water quality modeling ER - TY - JOUR TI - A simple framework to estimate distributed soil temperature from discrete air temperature measurements in data-scarce regions AU - Liang, L. L. AU - Riveros-Iregui, D. A. AU - Emanuel, R. E. AU - McGlynn, B. L. T2 - JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES AB - Abstract Soil temperature is a key control on belowground chemical and biological processes. Typically, models of soil temperature are developed and validated for large geographic regions. However, modeling frameworks intended for higher spatial resolutions (much finer than 1 km 2 ) are lacking across areas of complex topography. Here we propose a simple modeling framework for predicting distributed soil temperature at high temporal (i.e., 1 h steps) and spatial (i.e., 5 × 5 m) resolutions in mountainous terrain, based on a few discrete air temperature measurements. In this context, two steps were necessary to estimate the soil temperature. First, we applied the potential temperature equation to generate the air temperature distribution from a 5 m digital elevation model and Inverse Distance Weighting interpolation. Second, we applied a hybrid model to estimate the distribution of soil temperature based on the generated air temperature surfaces. Our results show that this approach simulated the spatial distribution of soil temperature well, with a root‐mean‐square error ranging from ~2.1 to 2.9°C. Furthermore, our approach predicted the daily and monthly variability of soil temperature well. The proposed framework can be applied to estimate the spatial variability of soil temperature in mountainous regions where direct observations are scarce. DA - 2014/1/27/ PY - 2014/1/27/ DO - 10.1002/2013jd020597 VL - 119 IS - 2 SP - 407-417 SN - 2169-8996 UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000332995300003&KeyUID=WOS:000332995300003 KW - soil temperature KW - air temperature KW - Tenderfoot Creek KW - model KW - mountain area KW - data-scarce regions ER - TY - JOUR TI - Siderophore-promoted dissolution of chromium from hydroxide minerals AU - Duckworth, Owen W. AU - Akafia, Martin M. AU - Andrews, Megan Y. AU - Bargar, John R. T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS AB - Biomolecules have significant impacts on the fate and transport of contaminant metals in soils and natural waters. Siderophores, Fe(III)-binding agents that are exuded by microbes and plants, may form strong complexes with and promote the dissolution of contaminant metal ions, such as Co(III), U(IV), or Pu(IV). Although aqueous Cr(III)-siderophore complexes have been recognized in the laboratory setting for almost 40 years, few studies have explored interactions of siderophores with Cr-bearing minerals or considered their impacts on environmental chemistry. To better understand the possible effects of siderophores on chromium mobility, we conducted a series of dissolution experiments to quantify the dissolution rates of Cr(III)(OH)3 in the presence of hydroxamate, catecholate, and α-hydroxycarboxylate siderophores over a range of environmentally relevant pH values. At pH = 5, dissolution rates in the presence of siderophores are similar to control experiments, suggesting a predominantly proton-promoted dissolution mechanism. At pH = 8, the sorption of the siderophores desferrioxamine B and rhizoferrin can be modeled by using Langmuir isotherms. The dissolution rates for these siderophores are proportional to the surface concentrations of sorbed siderophore, and extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectra of dissolution products indicates the formation of Cr(III)HDFOB+ and Cr(III)rhizoferrin3− complexes, suggesting a ligand-promoted dissolution mechanism at alkaline pH. Because siderophores promote Cr(III)(OH)3 dissolution at rates similar in magnitude to those of iron hydroxides and the resulting Cr(III)-siderophore complexes may be persistent in solution, siderophores could potentially contribute to the mobilization of Cr in soils and sediments where it is abundant due to geological or anthropogenic sources. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1039/c3em00717k VL - 16 IS - 6 SP - 1348-1359 SN - 2050-7895 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84901660425&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Municipal solid waste conversion to transportation fuels: a life-cycle estimation of global warming potential and energy consumption AU - Pressley, Phillip N. AU - Aziz, Tarek N. AU - DeCarolis, Joseph F. AU - Barlaz, Morton A. AU - He, Feng AU - Li, Fanxing AU - Damgaard, Anders T2 - JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION AB - This paper utilizes life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology to evaluate the conversion of U.S. municipal solid waste (MSW) to liquid transportation fuels via gasification and Fischer-Tropsch (FT). The model estimates the cumulative energy demand and global warming potential (GWP) associated with the conversion of 1 Mg (1 Mg = 1000 kg) of MSW delivered to the front gate of a refuse-derived fuel (RDF) facility into liquid transportation fuels. In addition, net energy production is reported to quantify system performance. The system is expanded to include substituted electricity and fuel. Under a set of default assumptions, the model estimates that 1 Mg of MSW entering the RDF facility yields 123 L of gasoline, 57 L of diesel, 79 kg of other FT products, and 193 kWh of gross electricity production. For each Mg of MSW, the conversion process consumes 4.4 GJ of primary energy while creating fuels and electricity with a cumulative energy content of 10.8 GJ. Across a range of waste compositions, the liquid fuels produced by gasification and FT processing resulted in a net GWP ranging from −267 to −144 kg CO2e per Mg MSW, including offsets for conventional electricity and fuel production. The energy requirement associated with syngas compression for FT processing was significant and resulted in high levels of process-related GWP. The model demonstrates that an increased biogenic MSW fraction, assumed to be carbon neutral, reduced the GWP. However, a greater GWP reduction could be obtained through reduced FT pressure requirements, increased gas reaction rates, or a less carbon intensive power mix. DA - 2014/5/1/ PY - 2014/5/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.02.041 VL - 70 SP - 145-153 SN - 1879-1786 KW - Municipal solid waste KW - Gasification KW - Fischer-Tropsch KW - Life cycle assessment KW - Liquid fuels ER - TY - JOUR TI - Linking Forest Tenure Reform, Environmental Compliance, and Incentives: Lessons from REDD plus Initiatives in the Brazilian Amazon AU - Duchelle, Amy E. AU - Cromberg, Marina AU - Gebara, Maria Fernanda AU - Guerra, Raissa AU - Melo, Tadeu AU - Larson, Anne AU - Cronkleton, Peter AU - Boerner, Jan AU - Sills, Erin AU - Wunder, Sven AU - Bauch, Simone AU - May, Peter AU - Selaya, Galia AU - Sunderlin, William D. T2 - WORLD DEVELOPMENT AB - Pervasive tenure insecurity in developing countries is a key challenge for REDD+. Brazil, a leader in REDD+, has advanced efforts to link forest tenure reform and environmental compliance. We describe how these policies have shaped sub-national interventions with detailed data on land tenure and livelihoods in four REDD+ pilot sites in the Brazilian Amazon. Despite different local contexts, REDD+ proponents have converged on a similar strategy of collaborating with government agencies to clarify tenure and pave the way for a mix of regulatory enforcement and incentive-based REDD+ mechanisms. This polycentric governance model holds promise for effective and equitable REDD+ implementation. DA - 2014/3// PY - 2014/3// DO - 10.1016/j.worlddev.2013.01.014 VL - 55 SP - 53-67 SN - 0305-750X KW - Latin America KW - Brazil KW - climate change KW - deforestation KW - forest degradation KW - property rights ER - TY - JOUR TI - Global Sea Surface Temperature Forecasts Using an Improved Multimodel Approach AU - Zaved, Mohammad AU - Khan, Kaiser AU - Mehrotra, Rajeshwar AU - Sharma, Ashish AU - Sankarasubramanian, A. T2 - JOURNAL OF CLIMATE AB - Abstract With the availability of hindcasts or real-time forecasts from a number of coupled climate models, multimodel ensemble forecasting systems have gained popularity in recent years. However, many models share similar physics or modeling processes, which may lead to similar (or strongly correlated) forecasts. Assigning equal weights to each model in space and time may result in a biased forecast with narrower confidence limits than is appropriate. Although methods for combining forecasts that take into consideration differences in model accuracy over space and time exist, they suffer from a lack of consideration of the intermodel dependence that may exist. This study proposes an approach that considers the dependence among models while combining multimodel ensemble forecast. The approach is evaluated by combining sea surface temperature (SST) forecasts from five climate models for the period 1960–2005. The variable of interest, the monthly global sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) at a 5° × 5° latitude–longitude grid, is predicted three months in advance using the proposed algorithm. Results indicate that the proposed approach offers consistent and significant improvements for all the seasons over the majority of grid points compared to the case in which the dependence among the models is ignored. Consequently, the proposed approach of combining multiple models, taking into account the interdependence that exists, provides an attractive strategy to develop improved SST forecasts. DA - 2014/5// PY - 2014/5// DO - 10.1175/jcli-d-13-00486.1 VL - 27 IS - 10 SP - 3505-3515 SN - 1520-0442 KW - Statistical techniques KW - Seasonal forecasting KW - Statistical forecasting ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparative phenotypic and genotypic characterization of temporally related nontyphoidal salmonella isolated from human clinical cases, pigs, and the environment in North Carolina AU - Keelara, S. AU - Scott, H. M. AU - Morrow, W. M. AU - Hartley, C. S. AU - Griffin, D. L. AU - Gebreyes, W. A. AU - Thakur, Siddhartha T2 - Foodborne Pathogens and Disease AB - Nontyphoidal Salmonella infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) strains are of great public health concern. We compared the phenotypic and genotypic relationships among temporally and spatially related AMR Salmonella isolates (n=1058) representing several predominant serovars, including Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Typhimurium var. 5-, Salmonella Derby, Salmonella Heidelberg, Salmonella Muenchen, Salmonella Schwarzengrund, and Salmonella Rissen of human clinical cases (n=572), pig (n=212), and farm environment (n=274) origin in North Carolina. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the broth microdilution method, and genotypic resistance determinants, including class I and II integrons, were identified. Overall, Salmonella isolates exhibited the highest frequency of resistance to tetracycline (50%), followed by sulfisoxazole (36%) and streptomycin (27%). We identified 16 different antimicrobial resistance genes, including extended spectrum and AmpC β-lactamases-producing genes (blaTEM, blaPSE, and blaCMY-2), in all the β-lactam- and cephalosporin-resistant Salmonella isolates from humans, pigs, and the environment. Class I integrons of 1-kb and 1.2-kb size were identified from all the three sources (humans, 66%; pigs, 85%; environment, 58%), while Class II integrons of 2-kb size were identified only in pig (10%) and environmental (19%) isolates. We detected genotypic similarity between Salmonella Typhimurium isolated from humans, pigs, and the environment while serovars Derby, Heidelberg, and Muenchen exhibited genotypic diversity. Detection of AMR Salmonella isolates from humans, pigs, and the environment is a concern for clinicians and veterinarians to mitigate the dissemination of AMR Salmonella strains. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1089/fpd.2013.1630 VL - 11 IS - 2 SP - 156–164 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Use of Bacteroidales Microbial Source Tracking To Monitor Fecal Contamination in Fresh Produce Production AU - Ravaliya, Kruti AU - Gentry-Shields, Jennifer AU - Garcia, Santos AU - Heredia, Norma AU - Aceituno, Anna Fabiszewski AU - Bartz, Faith E. AU - Leon, Juan S. AU - Jaykus, Lee-Ann T2 - APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY AB - In recent decades, fresh and minimally processed produce items have been associated with an increasing proportion of food-borne illnesses. Most pathogens associated with fresh produce are enteric (fecal) in origin, and contamination can occur anywhere along the farm-to-fork chain. Microbial source tracking (MST) is a tool developed in the environmental microbiology field to identify and quantify the dominant source(s) of fecal contamination. This study investigated the utility of an MST method based on Bacteroidales 16S rRNA gene sequences as a means of identifying potential fecal contamination, and its source, in the fresh produce production environment. The method was applied to rinses of fresh produce, source and irrigation waters, and harvester hand rinses collected over the course of 1 year from nine farms (growing tomatoes, jalapeño peppers, and cantaloupe) in Northern Mexico. Of 174 samples, 39% were positive for a universal Bacteroidales marker (AllBac), including 66% of samples from cantaloupe farms (3.6 log10 genome equivalence copies [GEC]/100 ml), 31% of samples from tomato farms (1.7 log10 GEC/100 ml), and 18% of samples from jalapeño farms (1.5 log10 GEC/100 ml). Of 68 AllBac-positive samples, 46% were positive for one of three human-specific markers, and none were positive for a bovine-specific marker. There was no statistically significant correlation between Bacteroidales and generic Escherichia coli across all samples. This study provides evidence that Bacteroidales markers may serve as alternative indicators for fecal contamination in fresh produce production, allowing for determination of both general contamination and that derived from the human host. DA - 2014/1// PY - 2014/1// DO - 10.1128/aem.02891-13 VL - 80 IS - 2 SP - 612-617 SN - 1098-5336 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Factors that influence properties of FOG deposits and their formation in sewer collection systems AU - Iasmin, Mahbuba AU - Dean, Lisa O. AU - Lappi, Simon E. AU - Ducoste, Joel J. T2 - WATER RESEARCH AB - Understanding the formation of Fat, Oil, and Grease (FOG) deposits in sewer systems is critical to the sustainability of sewer collection systems since they have been implicated in causing sewerage blockages that leads to sanitary sewer overflows (SSOs). Recently, FOG deposits in sewer systems displayed strong similarities with calcium-based fatty acid salts as a result of a saponification reaction. The objective of this study was to quantify the factors that may affect the formation of FOG deposits and their chemical and rheological properties. These factors included the types of fats used in FSEs, environmental conditions (i.e. pH and temperature), and the source of calcium in sewer systems. The results of this study showed that calcium content in the calcium based salts seemed to depend on the solubility limit of the calcium source and influenced by pH and temperature conditions. The fatty acid profile of the calcium-based fatty acid salts produced under alkali driven hydrolysis were identical to the profile of the fat source and did not match the profile of field FOG deposits, which displayed a high fraction of palmitic, a long chain saturated fatty acid. It is hypothesized that selective microbial metabolism of fats and/or biologically induced hydrogenation may contribute to the FOG deposit makeup in sewer system. Therefore, selective removal of palmitic in pretreatment processes may be necessary prior to the discharge of FSE wastes into the sewer collection system. DA - 2014/2/1/ PY - 2014/2/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.watres.2013.11.012 VL - 49 SP - 92-102 SN - 0043-1354 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84889588357&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Fat, oil, and grease deposit KW - Sanitary sewer overflow (SSO) KW - Calcium based fatty acid salts ER - TY - JOUR TI - White Perch in Small North Carolina Reservoirs: What Explains Variation in Population Structure? AU - Bethke, Bethany J. AU - Rice, James A. AU - Aday, D. Derek T2 - TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY AB - Abstract White Perch Morone americana have been introduced into many inland systems throughout the United States. To determine factors affecting White Perch abundance and size structure, we compared White Perch growth, timing of maturity, and trophic level; the abundance of a predator (Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides ); the abundance of an ecologically significant mid‐level omnivore (Gizzard Shad Dorosoma cepedianum ); prey availability (chironomid and zooplankton abundances); and environmental variables (specific conductivity, Secchi depth, dissolved oxygen concentration, and temperature) among four reservoirs (two with high White Perch abundance and two with low abundance). White Perch size structure was closely tied to abundance, with truncated size structure as abundance increased. Among the other variables we tested, only Largemouth Bass abundance had a significant (negative) relationship with White Perch abundance. White Perch size structure appeared to be highly density dependent, and variables that commonly explain variation in abundance of introduced fishes did not explain differences in the four White Perch populations we studied. Further study of the competitive and predatory interactions of White Perch and Largemouth Bass over ontogeny could shed light on the mechanism(s) potentially shaping population structure of the two species where they coexist. DA - 2014/1/1/ PY - 2014/1/1/ DO - 10.1080/00028487.2013.830989 VL - 143 IS - 1 SP - 77-84 SN - 1548-8659 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pesticides and respiratory health: where do we go from here? AU - Hoppin, Jane A. T2 - OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE AB - For centuries, researchers have focused on exposures to hays, grains and animals as primary contributors to poor respiratory outcomes in farmers and agricultural workers.1 ,2 However, growing evidence suggests that other agricultural exposures, namely pesticides, may also adversely impact respiratory health. Recent studies from around the world have suggested that pesticides may be associated with respiratory symptoms and disease, particularly asthma.3–6 However, these studies have been based on self-reported outcomes and there have been few studies using objective measures of pulmonary function.2 ,7 De Jong et al 8 report that occupational pesticide exposure is associated with poorer pulmonary function consistent with airway obstruction as measured by spirometry in two Dutch general population cohorts. These associations with pesticides were seen in both men and women and smokers and non-smokers; some associations were stronger in smokers, but not consistently so. … DA - 2014/2// PY - 2014/2// DO - 10.1136/oemed-2013-101876 VL - 71 IS - 2 SP - 80-80 SN - 1470-7926 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84892820361&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Improving Anaerobic Codigestion of Corn Stover Using Sodium Hydroxide Pretreatment AU - You, Zhaoyang AU - Wei, Taoyuan AU - Cheng, Jay J. T2 - ENERGY & FUELS AB - NaOH pretreatment of corn stover was investigated for anaerobic codigestion of corn stover with swine manure to shorten digestion time and improve biogas yield. Different NaOH concentration (2%, 4%, and 6%) at various temperatures (20 °C, 35 °C, and 55 °C) and 3 h of pretreatment time were tested for corn stover pretreatment. A C/N ratio of 25:1 in the substrates (corn stover and swine manure) was employed in the codigestion test. The results showed that the lignin removal rate of 54.57% to 79.49% was achieved through the NaOH pretreatment. The highest biogas production rate was obtained from the corn stover pretreated at 6% NaOH at 35 °C produced for 3 h, which was 34.59% higher than that from the untreated raw corn stover. The increase of methane yield was from 276 to 350 mL/g VS. On the average, the reducing sugar content of corn stover decreased to 126.7 mg/g after digestion. Digestion time (T80) of pretreated corn stover was shortened from 18 days to 12–13 days. NaOH pretreatment not only effectively shortened the digestion time for anaerobic codigestion of corn stover with swine manure by removing the lignin from the corn stover but also improved biogas yield of corn stover. The pretreatment condition of 6% NaOH at 35 °C for 3 h is recommended for the pretreatment of corn stover. DA - 2014/1// PY - 2014/1// DO - 10.1021/ef4016476 VL - 28 IS - 1 SP - 549-554 SN - 1520-5029 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Development and evaluation of aptamer magnetic capture assay in conjunction with real-time PCR for detection of Campylobacter jejuni AU - Suh, Soo Hwan AU - Dwivedi, Had P. AU - Jaykus, Lee-Ann T2 - LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AB - A prototype method for the concentration and detection of Campylobacter jejuni was developed using a previously reported biotinylated DNA aptamer in conjunction with qPCR. The so-called aptamer-based magnetic capture-qPCR (AMC-qPCR) assay was compared to a similar immunomagnetic separation (IMS)-qPCR assay. In small volume experiments (300 μl) applied to serially diluted C. jejuni suspended in buffer containing a mixed culture of other common food borne pathogens, the lower detection limit of the AMC-qPCR method was 1.1 log10/300 μl C. jejuni cells, one log10 better (lower) than that of IMS-qPCR (2.1 log10 CFU/300 μl). AMC-qPCR capture efficiency was 10–13% at assay detection limit. In 10 ml scale-up experiments, the lower detection limit of AMC-qPCR was 2.0 log10 CFU/10 ml with corresponding capture efficiency of 4–7%. Nucleic acid aptamers are promising alternatives to antibodies for magnetic bead-based capture followed by qPCR detection. DA - 2014/5// PY - 2014/5// DO - 10.1016/j.lwt.2013.12.012 VL - 56 IS - 2 SP - 256-260 SN - 1096-1127 KW - Aptamer KW - Aptamer magnetic capture KW - Campylobacter jejuni KW - Real-time PCR KW - Pathogen detection ER - TY - JOUR TI - How Much Do Electric Drive Vehicles Matter to Future U.S. Emissions? AU - Babaee, Samaneh AU - Nagpure, Ajay S. AU - DeCarolis, Joseph F. T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY AB - Hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and battery electric vehicles—known collectively as electric drive vehicles (EDVs)—may represent a clean and affordable option to meet growing U.S. light duty vehicle (LDV) demand. The goal of this study is 2-fold: identify the conditions under which EDVs achieve high LDV market penetration in the U.S. and quantify the associated change in CO2, SO2, and NOX emissions through midcentury. We employ the Integrated MARKAL-EFOM System (TIMES), a bottom-up energy system model, along with a U.S. data set developed for this analysis. To characterize EDV deployment through 2050, varying assumptions related to crude oil and natural gas prices, a CO2 policy, a federal renewable portfolio standard, and vehicle battery cost were combined to form 108 different scenarios. Across these scenarios, oil prices and battery cost have the biggest effect on EDV deployment. The model results do not demonstrate a clear and consistent trend toward lower system-wide emissions as EDV deployment increases. In addition to the trade-off between lower tailpipe and higher electric sector emissions associated with plug-in vehicles, the scenarios produce system-wide emissions effects that often mask the effect of EDV deployment. DA - 2014/2/4/ PY - 2014/2/4/ DO - 10.1021/es4045677 VL - 48 IS - 3 SP - 1382-1390 SN - 1520-5851 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Changes in ant community composition caused by 20 years of experimental warming vs. 13 years of natural climate shift AU - Menke, Sean B. AU - Harte, John AU - Dunn, Robert R. T2 - ECOSPHERE AB - Predicting the effects of climate change on community composition is hampered by the lack of integration between long term data sets tracking the effects of natural climate change and the results of experimental climate manipulations. Here we compare the effects of change in climate through time to experimental warming on the composition of high elevation ant communities at the Rocky Mountain Biological Station in Gothic Colorado. We take advantage of a 20‐year continuously running warming experiment which has increased soil temperature by 1.5°C and advanced snowmelt by 10 days and compare the effects of this experimental warming to natural changes in climate over the past 13 years across three sites spread along a 420‐m elevation gradient representing a roughly 1°C difference in average annual soil temperature and average advanced snowmelt of 2 weeks. We compared ant community data collected at all four sites in 1997 to collections made at the same sites in 2010. From 1997 to 2010 there was a community wide shift in ant composition along the natural climate gradient with ant communities shifting to higher elevations. Ant communities in the experimental warming site also changed, but they shifted orthogonally to those along the gradient. Interestingly, after 20 years of experimental warming, there is little discernible effect on ant communities in experimentally warmed plots compared to control plots. This discrepancy between the climate manipulation and elevation gradient is probably an effect of the spatial scale of the experimental warming. Ants respond to experimental warming in complex ways due to the physical location of their nests and their foraging area. This is a concern for warming experiments, but one that is hard to address for species that cover even modest areas in their foraging. DA - 2014/1// PY - 2014/1// DO - 10.1890/es13-00234.1 VL - 5 IS - 1 SP - SN - 2150-8925 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84900011363&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - climate change KW - community composition KW - elevation gradient KW - Formicidae KW - Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory KW - warming experiment ER -