TY - JOUR TI - What Should We Eat? AU - Booker, Matthew T2 - RCC Perspectives DA - 2015/1// PY - 2015/1// DO - 10.5282/rcc/6941 IS - 1 SP - 45–50 UR - http://doi.org/10.5282/rcc/6941 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Life cycle-optimization framework for photosynthetic biorefineries T2 - Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// UR - https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/7119295/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Coupling fluid dynamics with kinetic modeling to quantify the effects of photosynthetic bioreactor design and operation on yield performance T2 - Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// UR - https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/7119297/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Characterization of atmospheric pressure rf discharges with aqueous plasma facing surfaces AU - Lindsay, A. AU - Byrns, B. AU - Knappe, D. AU - Shannon, S. AB - Summary form only given. Plasma modification of liquids has opened a broad range of new applications ranging from wound treatment to water purification to agricultural fertigation and herbicide. Two of the primary challenges facing systems designed to modify liquid chemistry through plasma treatment have been throughput and efficient introduction of liquid species in the active plasma region. In this presentation, we present novel pathways for both source scale up and liquid incorporation that can make plasma treatment of liquids more economically viable. C2 - 2015/// C3 - ICOPS/BEAMS 2014 - 41st IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science and the 20th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams DA - 2015/// DO - 10.1109/PLASMA.2014.7012279 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84923050875&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - SOUND TI - Transgenic Corn and the Monarch Butterfly AU - Delborne, Jason DA - 2015/1/16/ PY - 2015/1/16/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - Genome Engineering for Biological Insights and Product Development AU - Delborne, Jason DA - 2015/4/28/ PY - 2015/4/28/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Public Engagement in Science and Technology AU - Delborne, Jason T2 - Winter School on the Anticipatory Governance of Emerging Technologies, organized by The Center for Nanotechnology in Society C2 - 2015/1/7/ CY - Arizona State University. Saguaro Lake Ranch, Mesa, AZ DA - 2015/1/7/ PY - 2015/1/7/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Engaging Publics in Science and Technology, When Science and Citizens Connect: Public Engagement on Genetically Modified Organisms AU - Delborne, Jason T2 - Workshop of the Roundtable on Public Interfaces of the Life Sciences (PILS) C2 - 2015/1/15/ CY - National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. DA - 2015/1/15/ PY - 2015/1/15/ UR - https://research.ncsu.edu/ges/files/2015/08/Engaging-Publics-Delborne.pdf ER - TY - CONF TI - Moral Fiber: Genetically Modified Trees, Responsible Innovation, and Environmental Justice AU - Delborne, Jason T2 - Atlanta Conference on Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy C2 - 2015/9/17/ CY - Atlanta, GA DA - 2015/9/17/ PY - 2015/9/17/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Roasting (GM) Chestnuts: Disruptions in GMO Innovation, Governance, and Engagement AU - Delborne, Jason T2 - Annual Meeting of the Society for Social Studies of Science C2 - 2015/11/12/ CY - Denver, CO DA - 2015/11/12/ PY - 2015/11/12/ ER - TY - RPRT TI - Synthetic Biology AU - Siplon, G. AU - Herring, B. AU - Kuzma, J. AU - Delborne, J. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// M1 - NSF Award #1421179 M3 - Script SN - NSF Award #1421179 UR - https://www.informalscience.org/building-biology-multi-site-public-engagement-science-synthetic-biology-innovations-development ER - TY - CONF TI - Public Attitudes, Perceptions, and Engagement in the Field of Genetic Modification AU - Delborne, Jason T2 - Genetic Engineering Research at NC State C2 - 2015/4/28/ CY - Genetic Engineering and Society Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC DA - 2015/4/28/ PY - 2015/4/28/ UR - https://research.ncsu.edu/ges/files/2015/08/Public-Attitudes_Delborne.pdf ER - TY - CONF TI - Anticipating Responsible Innovation: Genetically-Modified Trees and Conceptualizations of Technological and Regulatory Futures AU - Delborne, J. T2 - Third Annual Conference on Governance of Emerging Technologies: Law, Policy and Ethics. C2 - 2015/5/27/ CY - Scottsdale Resort and Conference, Scottsdale, AZ DA - 2015/5/27/ PY - 2015/5/27/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Anticipatory Governance and Responsible Innovation: Technological and Regulatory Futures of Genetically Modified Trees AU - Delborne, J.A. AU - Rivers, L. AU - Robinson, M. T2 - Atlanta Conference on Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy C2 - 2015/9/17/ CY - Atlanta, GA DA - 2015/9/17/ PY - 2015/9/17/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Boasting Chestnuts: Genetically-Modified Trees, Responsible Innovation, & Anticipatory Governance AU - Delborne, J.A. AU - Harrison, R. T2 - Annual Meeting of the Society for Social Studies of Science C2 - 2015/11/12/ CY - Denver, CO DA - 2015/11/12/ PY - 2015/11/12/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Coupling fluid dynamics with kinetic modeling to quantify the effects of photosynthetic bioreactor design and operation on yield performance AU - Manavi, R. AU - de los Reyes, F.L., III AU - Levis, J. AU - Ranjithan, R. AU - Ducoste, J. T2 - 249th American Chemical Society (ACS) National Meeting C2 - 2015/// CY - Denver, CO DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/3/22/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Directing Microbial Community Assembly by Deterministic Niche Differentiaion in Anaerobic Digesters AU - Wang, L. AU - Hossen, E.H. AU - Aziz, T.N. AU - Ducoste, J. AU - de los Reyes, F.L., III T2 - 88th Annual Water Environment Federation Technical Exhibition and Conference C2 - 2015/// C3 - WEFTEC 2015 : the water quality event : conference program and exhibitor guide : 88th Annual Water Environment Federation Technical Exhibition and Conference, McCormick Place, Chicago, Illinois, USA, September 26-30, 2015 CY - Chicago, IL DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/9/26/ PB - Water Environment Federation ER - TY - CONF TI - Pore Channel Tortuosity in 3D Nonwoven Structures AU - Vallabh, R. AU - Seyam, A. AU - Banks-Lee, P. AU - Ducoste, J. T2 - 6th World Conference on 3D Fabrics and their Applications C2 - 2015/5/26/ CY - Raleigh, NC DA - 2015/5/26/ PY - 2015/5/26/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - How Restaurant Kitchen Practices Influence FOG Deposit Formation in Sewer Collection Systems AU - Ducoste, J.J. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// ER - TY - SOUND TI - Internal and External Grease Interceptors: Challenges in the Removal of FOG Emulsions and the Impact of Food Service Establishment Kitchen Operations AU - Ducoste, J.J. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// M3 - Keynote ER - TY - SOUND TI - Algorithm application to identify novel regulators in the Arabidopsis thaliana iron deficiency response AU - Matthiadis, Anna AU - Koryachko, Alexandr AU - Muhammad, Durreshahwar AU - Foret, Jessica AU - Brady, Siobhan M. AU - Ducoste, Joel AU - Tuck, James AU - Williams, Cranos AU - Long, Terri A. DA - 2015/7// PY - 2015/7// ER - TY - RPRT TI - Removal of perfluoroalkyl substances by PAC adsorption and anion exchange AU - Dudley, L.A. AU - Arevalo, E.C. AU - Knappe, D.R.U. A3 - Water Research Foundation DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// M1 - 4344 M3 - Executive summary PB - Water Research Foundation SN - 4344 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Removal of volatile organic contaminants (VOCs) from drinking water via granular activated carbon treatment AU - Summers, R.S. AU - Kempisty, D. AU - Daugherty, T. AU - Knappe, D. A3 - Water Research Foundation DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// M1 - 4440 M3 - Final report PB - Water Research Foundation SN - 4440 ER - TY - SOUND TI - Synthesis on National Water Use: Spatial Patterns and Socio-economic Controls, State of America’s Water: Present and Future AU - Arumugam, S. DA - 2015/5// PY - 2015/5// ER - TY - SOUND TI - Leonardo da Vinci: Contribution of the renaissance artist towards water management AU - Arumugam, S. DA - 2015/10// PY - 2015/10// ER - TY - SOUND TI - Synthesis on National Water Use: Spatial Patterns and Controls AU - Arumugam, S. DA - 2015/10/6/ PY - 2015/10/6/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Climate-Water-Energy Nexus: Opportunities and Challenges AU - Arumugam, S. T2 - Private Sector Partnership Forum: Climate Services and Decision Support Tools for the Energy Sector C2 - 2015/3/23/ CY - World Meteorological Organization, Geneva DA - 2015/3/23/ PY - 2015/3/23/ ER - TY - CONF TI - The role of hydroclimate and water use on freshwater sustainability over the Coterminous US AU - Arumugam, S. AU - Ruhi, A. AU - Sabo, J. AU - Sinha, T. AU - Seo, S.B. AU - Bhowmik, R.D. T2 - American Geophysical Union Fall meeting C2 - 2015/12/14/ CY - San Francisco, CA DA - 2015/12/14/ PY - 2015/12/14/ ER - TY - RPRT TI - Experimental Reservoir Storage Forecasts Utilizing Climate-Information Based Streamflow Forecasts AU - Sankarasubramanian, A. AU - Boyles, R. AU - Mazoorei, A. AU - Singh, H. A3 - NC Water Resources Research Institute DA - 2015/3// PY - 2015/3// M3 - Technical Report PB - NC Water Resources Research Institute ER - TY - RPRT TI - Routine Disasters: Floods, Human Capital and Adaptation in Bangladesh AU - Guiteras, R. AU - Jina, A. AU - Mobarak, A.M. DA - 2015/4// PY - 2015/4// ER - TY - JOUR TI - A framework for incorporating ecological releases in single reservoir operation AU - Wang, Hui AU - Brill, Earl D. AU - Ranjithan, Ranji S. AU - Sankarasubramanian, A. T2 - Advances in Water Resources AB - Most reservoir operation practices consider downstream environmental flow as a constraint to meet a minimum release. The resulting flow regime may not necessarily provide downstream aquatic conditions to support healthy ecosystems. These effects can be quantified in terms of changes in values of parameters that represent the flow regimes. Numerous studies have focused on determining the ecological response to hydrological alteration caused by reservoir operation. To mitigate hydrological alteration and restore the natural flow regime as much as possible, a reservoir operation framework is proposed to explicitly incorporate ecological flow requirements. A general optimization-based decision model is presented to consider simultaneously the multiple anthropogenic uses of the reservoir and desirable ecological releases represented by parameters that capture the flow regime. Multiple uses of the reservoir, including water supply, hydropower generation, etc., are modeled as a mixed integer programming problem. Hydropower generation, which is represented by a nonlinear function that usually depends on head and water flow, is linearized using a two-dimensional function. Investigations using a reservoir in Virginia, located in the southeastern United States, demonstrate that compared to standard releases based on current operation practice, releases simulated using this framework perform better in mimicking pre-development flows. The tradeoff between anthropogenic use and ecological releases is investigated. The framework is first demonstrated for instances with perfect stream flow information. To examine the flexibility of this framework in reservoir release management, monthly flow forecasts and disaggregated daily flow conditions are incorporated. Retrospective monthly flow forecasts are obtained through regression models that use gridded precipitation forecasts and gridded soil moisture estimates as predictors. A nonparametric method is chosen to disaggregate monthly flow forecasts to daily flow conditions. Compared with daily flow climatology, forecasted monthly and daily flow better preserves flow variability and result in lower changes of flow parameters under the proposed framework. DA - 2015/4// PY - 2015/4// DO - 10.1016/j.advwatres.2015.01.006 VL - 78 SP - 9-21 J2 - Advances in Water Resources LA - en OP - SN - 0309-1708 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2015.01.006 DB - Crossref KW - Ecological flow requirements KW - Natural flow regime KW - Sustainable reservoir operation KW - Mixed integer linear programming ER - TY - JOUR TI - Prokaryotic Community Analysis of a Hyperalkaline Spring in the Philippines Using 16S rRNA Gene Clone Library Construction AU - Baculi, R.Q. AU - Lantican, N.B. AU - de los Reyes lll, F.L. AU - Raymundo, A.K. T2 - Philippine Journal of Science DA - 2015/6// PY - 2015/6// VL - 144 IS - 1 SP - 7–18 ER - TY - BOOK TI - The Struggle for Pakistan: A Muslim Homeland and Global Politics. By Ayesha Jalal. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2014. 435 pp. $35.00 (cloth, ISBN 9780674052895). AU - Gilmartin, David AU - Jalal, Ayesha AB - The Struggle for Pakistan: A Muslim Homeland and Global Politics. By Ayesha Jalal. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2014. 435 pp. $35.00 (cloth, ISBN 9780674052895). - Volume 74 Issue 4 DA - 2015/11// PY - 2015/11// DO - 10.1017/S0021911815001473 VL - 74 PB - Cambridge University Press (CUP) SE - 1056–1057 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0021911815001473 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Enacting Change in Strategic Marketing Decisions: The Role of Regulatory Focus in Teams AU - Spanjol, Jelena AU - Tam, Leona AU - Qualls, William J. AU - Bohlmann, Jonathan D. T2 - Developments in Marketing Science: Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Science AB - The ability to enact change underlies long-term marketing success. We examine how individual and leadership motivations influence a team’s propensity to enact change across a variety of marketing decisions. We utilize regulatory focus theory and identify the effects of regulatory focus match vs. mismatch within teams on the propensity to enact change in decision-making across the marketing mix. We find that regulatory focus match renders leadership-prescribed goal pursuit strategies ineffective and that only teams under regulatory focus mismatch make decisions consistent with leadership-prescribed goal pursuit strategies. For regulatory match teams, our results demonstrate that a promotion focus is associated with greater levels of change in team marketing decisions than a prevention focus. PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1007/978-3-319-18687-0_17 SP - 37-37 OP - PB - Springer International Publishing SN - 9783319186863 9783319186870 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18687-0_17 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evolution of the indoor biome AU - Martin, Laura J. AU - Adams, Rachel I. AU - Bateman, Ashley AU - Bik, Holly M. AU - Hawks, John AU - Hird, Sarah M. AU - Hughes, David AU - Kembel, Steven W. AU - Kinney, Kerry AU - Kolokotronis, Sergios-Orestis AU - Levy, Gabriel AU - McClain, Craig AU - Meadow, James F. AU - Medina, Raul F. AU - Mhuireach, Gwynne AU - Moreau, Corrie S. AU - Munshi-South, Jason AU - Nichols, Lauren M. AU - Palmer, Clare AU - Popova, Laura AU - Schal, Coby AU - Täubel, Martin AU - Trautwein, Michelle AU - Ugalde, Juan A. AU - Dunn, Robert R. T2 - Trends in Ecology & Evolution AB - •We review literature on evolution in the indoor biome. •The indoor biome is an expansive and expanding habitat. •Study of the indoor biome combines evolutionary biology, ecology, architecture, anthropology, building science, and human ecology. •Studies of the indoor biome are well suited for citizen science projects, public outreach, and large-scale international collaborations. Few biologists have studied the evolutionary processes at work in indoor environments. Yet indoor environments comprise approximately 0.5% of ice-free land area – an area as large as the subtropical coniferous forest biome. Here we review the emerging subfield of ‘indoor biome’ studies. After defining the indoor biome and tracing its deep history, we discuss some of its evolutionary dimensions. We restrict our examples to the species found in human houses – a subset of the environments constituting the indoor biome – and offer preliminary hypotheses to advance the study of indoor evolution. Studies of the indoor biome are situated at the intersection of evolutionary ecology, anthropology, architecture, and human ecology and are well suited for citizen science projects, public outreach, and large-scale international collaborations. Few biologists have studied the evolutionary processes at work in indoor environments. Yet indoor environments comprise approximately 0.5% of ice-free land area – an area as large as the subtropical coniferous forest biome. Here we review the emerging subfield of ‘indoor biome’ studies. After defining the indoor biome and tracing its deep history, we discuss some of its evolutionary dimensions. We restrict our examples to the species found in human houses – a subset of the environments constituting the indoor biome – and offer preliminary hypotheses to advance the study of indoor evolution. Studies of the indoor biome are situated at the intersection of evolutionary ecology, anthropology, architecture, and human ecology and are well suited for citizen science projects, public outreach, and large-scale international collaborations. Robert H. Whittaker first developed the biome concept to classify the different realms of life found on Earth. His classification scheme was based on two abiotic factors – precipitation and temperature – that he viewed to have the largest impact on the distribution of species and their traits and function. Subsequent biome classification systems have considered the biomes found in the absence of human agency and so exclude much of Earth's terrestrial area. One exception is the anthrome framework, which includes biomes engendered by humans [2]. However, even anthromes deal only with outdoor environments. the ecological realm comprising species that reside and can (although do not necessarily always) reproduce in enclosed and semi-enclosed built structures. the space enclosed by walled and roofed structures built by organisms to shelter themselves, their symbiotic partners, or stored goods. For the purposes of this review we focus on the indoor environments created by humans. DA - 2015/4// PY - 2015/4// DO - 10.1016/J.TREE.2015.02.001 VL - 30 IS - 4 SP - 223-232 J2 - Trends in Ecology & Evolution LA - en OP - SN - 0169-5347 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.TREE.2015.02.001 DB - Crossref KW - urban ecology KW - anthrome KW - microbiome KW - phylogeography KW - built environment ER - TY - JOUR TI - Shared and unique responses of insects to the interaction of urbanization and background climate AU - Diamond, Sarah E AU - Dunn, Robert R AU - Frank, Steven D AU - Haddad, Nick M AU - Martin, Ryan A T2 - Current Opinion in Insect Science AB - Urbanization profoundly alters biological systems; yet the predictability of responses to urbanization based on key biological traits, the repeatability of these patterns among cities, and how the impact of urbanization on biological systems varies as a function of background climatic conditions remain unknown. We use insects as a focal system to review the major patterns of responses to urbanization, and develop a framework for exploring the shared and unique features that characterize insect responses to urbanization and how responses to urbanization might systematically vary along background environmental gradients in climate. We then illustrate this framework using established patterns in insect macrophysiology. DA - 2015/10// PY - 2015/10// DO - 10.1016/J.COIS.2015.10.001 VL - 11 SP - 71-77 J2 - Current Opinion in Insect Science LA - en OP - SN - 2214-5745 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.COIS.2015.10.001 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CONF TI - Agent-Based Modeling to Simulate Demand Management Strategies for Shared Groundwater Resources AU - Al-Amin, Shams AU - Berglund, Emily Z. AU - Larson, Kelli L. T2 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2015 AB - Growing population centers in the arid southwest increase the demand for water, which is typically met through increased groundwater withdrawals. Hydro-climatic extremes due to climate change may also increase demands and decrease the replenishment of groundwater supply. Groundwater aquifers typically cross watershed, municipal, and management boundaries, and as a result, multiple diverse agencies manage a shared resource. Municipalities and management districts define individual demand management strategies that adapt water consumption to falling groundwater levels. The interactions among governing agencies, consumers, and the environment influence the performance of local management strategies and the availability of regional groundwater resources. This research develops an agent-based modeling (ABM) framework to analyze the dynamic interactions among changing water demands and limited groundwater resources under the stresses of population growth and climate change scenarios. Households are initialized as agents with properties and attributes to define indoor water use, outdoor water use, and water use reduction. Policy-maker agents are encoded to represent governing agencies that mandate or encourage water use restrictions. Demand management strategies are simulated as the response of a policy-maker agent to groundwater levels, safe yield, and climate variables. The framework is applied for municipalities located in the Verde River Basin, Arizona that withdraw groundwater from the Verde Formation-Basin Fill-Carbonate aquifer system. The effects of management strategies on water savings and basin-wide groundwater levels are explored, based on water use demands and reductions in different sectors of municipal water use. Insights gained through this simulation study can be used to guide groundwater policy-making under changing hydro-climatic scenarios for a long-term planning horizon. C2 - 2015/5/14/ C3 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2015 DA - 2015/5/14/ DO - 10.1061/9780784479162.203 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers SN - 9780784479162 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479162.203 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CONF TI - Results of a National Survey about the Public Acceptability of Reclaimed Water AU - Garcia-Cuerva, Laura AU - Schmidt, Michelle AU - Berglund, Emily Z. AU - Binder, Andrew R. T2 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2015 AB - Reclaimed water programs treat wastewater to remove hazardous compounds, pathogens, and organic matter and provide reclaimed water for non-potable applications. Reusing water may significantly reduce demands on freshwater resources and provide sustainable water management strategies. Though guidelines for reclaimed water are highly regulated, public acceptability has historically hindered the implementation of successful reclaimed water systems. The public generally opposes the use of reclaimed water due to the “yuck factor”, which is the instinctive disgust associated with the idea of recycling sewage and the fear that exposure to reclaimed water is unsafe. Public acceptability has been shown to vary significantly for diverse reclaimed water applications, and support for reclaimed water applications may vary based on the level of contact that consumers have with the recycled water. Opposition towards using reclaimed water in personal residences may be a major barrier in distributing reclaimed water to residential consumers, and the adoption of reclaimed water technologies by consumers can affect network performance and potable water savings. This paper reports the results of an extensive survey that was conducted to evaluate the potential acceptability of reclaimed water use. A total of 2800 respondents across the U.S. participated in the survey, and survey results demonstrate the types of reclaimed water applications that are most acceptable. In addition, climate, economic, and demographic factors affect the perceived acceptability of reclaimed water. Results and conclusions of the survey can provide insight for implementing successful reclaimed water programs. C2 - 2015/5/14/ C3 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2015 DA - 2015/5/14/ DO - 10.1061/9780784479162.121 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers SN - 9780784479162 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479162.121 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Degradation of microcystin-LR by highly efficient AgBr/Ag3PO4/TiO2 heterojunction photocatalyst under simulated solar light irradiation AU - Wang, Xin AU - Utsumi, Motoo AU - Yang, Yingnan AU - Li, Dawei AU - Zhao, Yingxin AU - Zhang, Zhenya AU - Feng, Chuanping AU - Sugiura, Norio AU - Cheng, Jay Jiayang T2 - Applied Surface Science AB - A novel photocatalyst AgBr/Ag3PO4/TiO2 was developed by a simple facile in situ deposition method and used for degradation of mirocystin-LR. TiO2 (P25) as a cost effective chemical was used to improve the stability of AgBr/Ag3PO4 under simulated solar light irradiation. The photocatalytic activity tests for this heterojunction were conducted under simulated solar light irradiation using methyl orange as targeted pollutant. The results indicated that the optimal Ag to Ti molar ratio for the photocatalytic activity of the resulting heterojunction AgBr/Ag3PO4/TiO2 was 1.5 (named as 1.5 BrPTi), which possessed higher photocatalytic capacity than AgBr/Ag3PO4. The 1.5 BrPTi heterojunction was also more stable than AgBr/Ag3PO4 in photocatalysis. This highly efficient and relatively stable photocatalyst was further tested for degradation of the hepatotoxin microcystin-LR (MC-LR). The results suggested that MC-LR was much more easily degraded by 1.5 BrPTi than by AgBr/Ag3PO4. The quenching effects of different scavengers proved that reactive h+ and •OH played important roles for MC-LR degradation. DA - 2015/1// PY - 2015/1// DO - 10.1016/J.APSUSC.2014.10.078 VL - 325 SP - 1-12 J2 - Applied Surface Science LA - en OP - SN - 0169-4332 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.APSUSC.2014.10.078 DB - Crossref KW - Microcystin-LR KW - Methyl orange KW - AgBr/Ag3PO4 KW - TiO2 KW - Photocatalysis ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pharmaceutical occurrence in groundwater and surface waters in forests land-applied with municipal wastewater AU - McEachran, Andrew D. AU - Shea, Damian AU - Bodnar, Wanda AU - Nichols, Elizabeth Guthrie T2 - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AB - The occurrence and fate of pharmaceutical and personal care products in the environment are of increasing public importance because of their ubiquitous nature and documented effects on wildlife, ecosystems, and potentially humans. One potential, yet undefined, source of entry of pharmaceuticals into the environment is via the land application of municipal wastewater onto permitted lands. The objective of the present study is to determine the extent to which pharmaceuticals are mitigated by or exported from managed tree plantations irrigated with municipal wastewater. A specific focus of the present study is the presence of pharmaceutical compounds in groundwater and surface water discharge. The study site is a municipality that land-applies secondary treated wastewater onto 930 hectares of a 2000-hectare managed hardwood and pine plantation. A suite of 33 pharmaceuticals and steroid hormones was targeted in the analysis, which consisted of monthly grab sampling of groundwater, surface water, and wastewater, followed by concentration and cleanup via solid phase extraction and separation, detection, and quantification via liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. More than one-half of all compounds detected in irrigated wastewater were not present in groundwater and subsequent surface water. However, antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, caffeine, and other prescription and over-the-counter drugs remained in groundwater and were transported into surface water at concentrations up to 10 ng/L. These results provide important documentation for pharmaceutical fate and transport in forest systems irrigated with municipal wastewater, a previously undocumented source of environmental entry. DA - 2015/12/9/ PY - 2015/12/9/ DO - 10.1002/etc.3216 VL - 35 IS - 4 SP - 898-905 J2 - Environ Toxicol Chem LA - en OP - SN - 0730-7268 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.3216 DB - Crossref KW - Pharmaceuticals KW - Wastewater KW - Groundwater KW - Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ethnic-specific associations of rare and low-frequency DNA sequence variants with asthma AU - Igartua, Catherine AU - Myers, Rachel A. AU - Mathias, Rasika A. AU - Pino-Yanes, Maria AU - Eng, Celeste AU - Graves, Penelope E. AU - Levin, Albert M. AU - Del-Rio-Navarro, Blanca E. AU - Jackson, Daniel J. AU - Livne, Oren E. AU - Rafaels, Nicholas AU - Edlund, Christopher K. AU - Yang, James J. AU - Huntsman, Scott AU - Salam, Muhammad T. AU - Romieu, Isabelle AU - Mourad, Raphael AU - Gern, James E. AU - Lemanske, Robert F. AU - Wyss, Annah AU - Hoppin, Jane A. AU - Barnes, Kathleen C. AU - Burchard, Esteban G. AU - Gauderman, W. James AU - Martinez, Fernando D. AU - Raby, Benjamin A. AU - Weiss, Scott T. AU - Williams, L. Keoki AU - London, Stephanie J. AU - Gilliland, Frank D. AU - Nicolae, Dan L. AU - Ober, Carole T2 - Nature Communications AB - Abstract Common variants at many loci have been robustly associated with asthma but explain little of the overall genetic risk. Here we investigate the role of rare (<1%) and low-frequency (1–5%) variants using the Illumina HumanExome BeadChip array in 4,794 asthma cases, 4,707 non-asthmatic controls and 590 case–parent trios representing European Americans, African Americans/African Caribbeans and Latinos. Our study reveals one low-frequency missense mutation in the GRASP gene that is associated with asthma in the Latino sample ( P =4.31 × 10 −6 ; OR=1.25; MAF=1.21%) and two genes harbouring functional variants that are associated with asthma in a gene-based analysis: GSDMB at the 17q12–21 asthma locus in the Latino and combined samples ( P =7.81 × 10 −8 and 4.09 × 10 −8 , respectively) and MTHFR in the African ancestry sample ( P =1.72 × 10 −6 ). Our results suggest that associations with rare and low-frequency variants are ethnic specific and not likely to explain a significant proportion of the ‘missing heritability’ of asthma. DA - 2015/1/16/ PY - 2015/1/16/ DO - 10.1038/ncomms6965 VL - 6 IS - 1 J2 - Nat Commun LA - en OP - SN - 2041-1723 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms6965 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Associations of Ozone and PM2.5 Concentrations With Parkinsonʼs Disease Among Participants in the Agricultural Health Study AU - Kirrane, Ellen F. AU - Bowman, Christal AU - Davis, J. Allen AU - Hoppin, Jane A. AU - Blair, Aaron AU - Chen, Honglei AU - Patel, Molini M. AU - Sandler, Dale P. AU - Tanner, Caroline M. AU - Vinikoor-Imler, Lisa AU - Ward, Mary H. AU - Luben, Thomas J. AU - Kamel, Freya T2 - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine AB - Objective: This study describes associations of ozone and fine particulate matter with Parkinson's disease observed among farmers in North Carolina and Iowa. Methods: We used logistic regression to determine the associations of these pollutants with self-reported, doctor-diagnosed Parkinson's disease. Daily predicted pollutant concentrations were used to derive surrogates of long-term exposure and link them to study participants' geocoded addresses. Results: We observed positive associations of Parkinson's disease with ozone (odds ratio = 1.39; 95% CI: 0.98 to 1.98) and fine particulate matter (odds ratio = 1.34; 95% CI: 0.93 to 1.93) in North Carolina but not in Iowa. Conclusions: The plausibility of an effect of ambient concentrations of these pollutants on Parkinson's disease risk is supported by experimental data demonstrating damage to dopaminergic neurons at relevant concentrations. Additional studies are needed to address uncertainties related to confounding and to examine temporal aspects of the associations we observed. DA - 2015/5// PY - 2015/5// DO - 10.1097/JOM.0000000000000451 VL - 57 IS - 5 SP - 509-517 J2 - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine LA - en OP - SN - 1076-2752 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000000451 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - IARC Monographs: 40 Years of Evaluating Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans AU - Pearce, Neil AU - Blair, Aaron AU - Vineis, Paolo AU - Ahrens, Wolfgang AU - Andersen, Aage AU - Anto, Josep M. AU - Armstrong, Bruce K. AU - Baccarelli, Andrea A. AU - Beland, Frederick A. AU - Berrington, Amy AU - Bertazzi, Pier Alberto AU - Birnbaum, Linda S. AU - Brownson, Ross C. AU - Bucher, John R. AU - Cantor, Kenneth P. AU - Cardis, Elisabeth AU - Cherrie, John W. AU - Christiani, David C. AU - Cocco, Pierluigi AU - Coggon, David AU - Comba, Pietro AU - Demers, Paul A. AU - Dement, John M. AU - Douwes, Jeroen AU - Eisen, Ellen A. AU - Engel, Lawrence S. AU - Fenske, Richard A. AU - Fleming, Lora E. AU - Fletcher, Tony AU - Fontham, Elizabeth AU - Forastiere, Francesco AU - Frentzel-Beyme, Rainer AU - Fritschi, Lin AU - Gerin, Michel AU - Goldberg, Marcel AU - Grandjean, Philippe AU - Grimsrud, Tom K. AU - Gustavsson, Per AU - Haines, Andy AU - Hartge, Patricia AU - Hansen, Johnni AU - Hauptmann, Michael AU - Heederik, Dick AU - Hemminki, Kari AU - Hemon, Denis AU - Hertz-Picciotto, Irva AU - Hoppin, Jane A. AU - Huff, James AU - Jarvholm, Bengt AU - Kang, Daehee AU - Karagas, Margaret R. AU - Kjaerheim, Kristina AU - Kjuus, Helge AU - Kogevinas, Manolis AU - Kriebel, David AU - Kristensen, Petter AU - Kromhout, Hans AU - Laden, Francine AU - Lebailly, Pierre AU - LeMasters, Grace AU - Lubin, Jay H. AU - Lynch, Charles F. AU - Lynge, Elsebeth AU - ‘t Mannetje, Andrea AU - McMichael, Anthony J. AU - McLaughlin, John R. AU - Marrett, Loraine AU - Martuzzi, Marco AU - Merchant, James A. AU - Merler, Enzo AU - Merletti, Franco AU - Miller, Anthony AU - Mirer, Franklin E. AU - Monson, Richard AU - Nordby, Karl-Cristian AU - Olshan, Andrew F. AU - Parent, Marie-Elise AU - Perera, Frederica P. AU - Perry, Melissa J. AU - Pesatori, Angela Cecilia AU - Pirastu, Roberta AU - Porta, Miquel AU - Pukkala, Eero AU - Rice, Carol AU - Richardson, David B. AU - Ritter, Leonard AU - Ritz, Beate AU - Ronckers, Cecile M. AU - Rushton, Lesley AU - Rusiecki, Jennifer A. AU - Rusyn, Ivan AU - Samet, Jonathan M. AU - Sandler, Dale P. AU - de Sanjose, Silvia AU - Schernhammer, Eva AU - Costantini, Adele Seniori AU - Seixas, Noah AU - Shy, Carl AU - Siemiatycki, Jack AU - Silverman, Debra T. AU - Simonato, Lorenzo AU - Smith, Allan H. AU - Smith, Martyn T. AU - Spinelli, John J. AU - Spitz, Margaret R. AU - Stallones, Lorann AU - Stayner, Leslie T. AU - Steenland, Kyle AU - Stenzel, Mark AU - Stewart, Bernard W. AU - Stewart, Patricia A. AU - Symanski, Elaine AU - Terracini, Benedetto AU - Tolbert, Paige E. AU - Vainio, Harri AU - Vena, John AU - Vermeulen, Roel AU - Victora, Cesar G. AU - Ward, Elizabeth M. AU - Weinberg, Clarice R. AU - Weisenburger, Dennis AU - Wesseling, Catharina AU - Weiderpass, Elisabete AU - Zahm, Shelia Hoar T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives AB - Recently, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Programme for the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans has been criticized for several of its evaluations, and also for the approach used to perform these evaluations. Some critics have claimed that failures of IARC Working Groups to recognize study weaknesses and biases of Working Group members have led to inappropriate classification of a number of agents as carcinogenic to humans.The authors of this Commentary are scientists from various disciplines relevant to the identification and hazard evaluation of human carcinogens. We examined criticisms of the IARC classification process to determine the validity of these concerns. Here, we present the results of that examination, review the history of IARC evaluations, and describe how the IARC evaluations are performed.We concluded that these recent criticisms are unconvincing. The procedures employed by IARC to assemble Working Groups of scientists from the various disciplines and the techniques followed to review the literature and perform hazard assessment of various agents provide a balanced evaluation and an appropriate indication of the weight of the evidence. Some disagreement by individual scientists to some evaluations is not evidence of process failure. The review process has been modified over time and will undoubtedly be altered in the future to improve the process. Any process can in theory be improved, and we would support continued review and improvement of the IARC processes. This does not mean, however, that the current procedures are flawed.The IARC Monographs have made, and continue to make, major contributions to the scientific underpinning for societal actions to improve the public's health. DA - 2015/6// PY - 2015/6// DO - 10.1289/ehp.1409149 VL - 123 IS - 6 SP - 507-514 J2 - Environmental Health Perspectives LA - en OP - SN - 0091-6765 1552-9924 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409149 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CHAP TI - Customer Experience Mapping: The Springboard to Innovative Solutions AU - Bohlmann, Jonathan AU - McCreery, John T2 - Design Thinking AB - A primary method to understand the total customer experience and integrate it with the new product development (NPD) innovation process is experience mapping. The goal is to create an experience-based springboard for product design and innovation. Experience mapping is part of many design thinking toolboxes, and is directly linked to other methods in the design process such as personas, ideation, and stakeholder value exchange. This chapter discusses the three essential elements of experience mapping: understanding the total customer experience as inputs to the experience map; making the experience map; and utilizing the experience map as a springboard to developing innovative solutions. It describes how the experience map can be effectively utilized to envision and design innovative solutions for users. The chapter presents an example of a patient who requires physical therapy services to demonstrate how experience maps can be effectively utilized to add value and satisfy user needs. PY - 2015/10/7/ DO - 10.1002/9781119154273.ch4 SP - 41-58 OP - PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc SN - 9781119154273 9781118971802 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119154273.ch4 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Encouraging sanitation investment in the developing world: A cluster-randomized trial AU - Guiteras, R. AU - Levinsohn, J. AU - Mobarak, A. M. T2 - Science AB - Poor sanitation contributes to morbidity and mortality in the developing world, but there is disagreement on what policies can increase sanitation coverage. To measure the effects of alternative policies on investment in hygienic latrines, we assigned 380 communities in rural Bangladesh to different marketing treatments-community motivation and information; subsidies; a supply-side market access intervention; and a control-in a cluster-randomized trial. Community motivation alone did not increase hygienic latrine ownership (+1.6 percentage points, P = 0.43), nor did the supply-side intervention (+0.3 percentage points, P = 0.90). Subsidies to the majority of the landless poor increased ownership among subsidized households (+22.0 percentage points, P < 0.001) and their unsubsidized neighbors (+8.5 percentage points, P = 0.001), which suggests that investment decisions are interlinked across neighbors. Subsidies also reduced open defecation by 14 percentage points (P < 0.001). DA - 2015/4/16/ PY - 2015/4/16/ DO - 10.1126/science.aaa0491 VL - 348 IS - 6237 SP - 903-906 J2 - Science LA - en OP - SN - 0036-8075 1095-9203 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa0491 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Satellites, Self-reports, and Submersion: Exposure to Floods in Bangladesh AU - Guiteras, Raymond AU - Jina, Amir AU - Mobarak, A. Mushfiq T2 - American Economic Review AB - A burgeoning “Climate-Economy” literature has uncovered many effects of changes in temperature and precipitation on economic activity, but has made considerably less progress in modeling the effects of other associated phenomena, like natural disasters. We develop new, objective data on floods, focusing on Bangladesh. We show that rainfall and self-reported exposure are weak proxies for true flood exposure. These data allow us to study adaptation, giving accurate measures of both long-term averages and short term variation in exposure. This is important in studying climate change impacts, as people will not only experience new exposures, but also experience them differently. DA - 2015/5/1/ PY - 2015/5/1/ DO - 10.1257/aer.p20151095 VL - 105 IS - 5 SP - 232-236 J2 - American Economic Review LA - en OP - SN - 0002-8282 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.p20151095 DB - Crossref ER - TY - THES TI - Understanding Sources and Determinants of Fecal Contamination of Water, Hands, Food, and Household Floors in Low-income Countries AU - Harris, Angela R DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// PB - Stanford University ER - TY - CONF TI - Using 16s metagenomics to determine microbial population shifts associated with a 336% boost in methane yield during anaerobic co-digestion of grease waste AU - Wang, L. AU - Hossen, E.H. AU - Aziz, T.N. AU - Ducoste, J. AU - Reyes, F.L. C2 - 2015/// C3 - 88th Annual Water Environment Federation Technical Exhibition and Conference, WEFTEC 2015 DA - 2015/// VL - 8 SP - 6112-6118 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84992022948&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Computational approaches to identify regulators of plant stress response using high-throughput gene expression data AU - Koryachko, Alexandr AU - Matthiadis, Anna AU - Ducoste, Joel J. AU - Tuck, James AU - Long, Terri A. AU - Williams, Cranos T2 - Current Plant Biology AB - Insight into biological stress regulatory pathways can be derived from high-throughput transcriptomic data using computational algorithms. These algorithms can be integrated into a computational approach to provide specific testable predictions that answer biological questions of interest. This review conceptually organizes a wide variety of developed algorithms into a classification system based on desired type of output predictions. This classification is then used as a structure to describe completed approaches in the literature, with a focus on project goals, overall path of implemented algorithms, and biological insight gained. These algorithms and approaches are introduced mainly in the context of research on the model plant species Arabidopsis thaliana under stress conditions, though the nature of computational techniques makes these approaches easily applicable to a wide range of species, data types, and conditions. DA - 2015/9// PY - 2015/9// DO - 10.1016/j.cpb.2015.04.001 VL - 3-4 SP - 20-29 J2 - Current Plant Biology LA - en OP - SN - 2214-6628 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpb.2015.04.001 DB - Crossref KW - Stress response KW - Transcription factors KW - Gene regulatory networks KW - Algorithms KW - Arabidopsis thaliana ER - TY - JOUR TI - Interbasin flow of geothermally modified ground water stabilizes stream exports of biologically important solutes against variation in precipitation AU - Ganong, Carissa N. AU - Small, Gaston E. AU - Ardón, Marcelo AU - McDowell, William H. AU - Genereux, David P. AU - Duff, John H. AU - Pringle, Catherine M. T2 - Freshwater Science AB - Geothermally modified ground water (GMG) in tectonically active areas can be an important source of stream nutrients, and the relative importance of GMG inflows is likely to change with shifts in precipitation that are predicted to occur in response to climate change. However, few studies have quantified the influence of GMG inflows on export of biologically important solutes from watersheds across years differing in precipitation. We quantified N, soluble reactive P (SRP), and dissolved organic C (DOC) export during a year with high precipitation (6550 mm rain) and a year with average precipitation (4033 mm rain) in 2 gauged tropical streams at La Selva Biological Station in lowland Costa Rica. One stream receives extensive inputs of regional GMG, whereas the other is fed entirely by local runoff. In the stream fed only by local runoff, a 62% increase in precipitation from the dry year to the wet year led to a 68% increase in stream discharge, a 67% increase in export of SRP, DOC, dissolved organic N (DON), and NH4+, and a 91% increase in NO3– export. In contrast, in an adjacent stream where >⅓ of discharge consists of GMG, the same increase in precipitation from dry year to wet year led to a 14% increase in discharge, a 14 to 31% increase in export of NO3–, NH4+, DON, and DOC, and only a 2% increase in SRP export. We are unaware of an SRP export rate from a natural system that is higher than the export from the stream receiving interbasin flow of GMG (19 kg ha–1 y–1). Our results illustrate that regional ground water, geothermally modified or not, can stabilize stream export of biologically relevant solutes and water across a varying precipitation regime. DA - 2015/3// PY - 2015/3// DO - 10.1086/679739 VL - 34 IS - 1 SP - 276-286 J2 - Freshwater Science LA - en OP - SN - 2161-9549 2161-9565 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/679739 DB - Crossref KW - stream KW - geothermal KW - ground water KW - nutrient KW - nitrogen KW - phosphorus KW - DOC KW - flux KW - precipitation KW - stoichiometry KW - climate change KW - tropical ER - TY - CHAP TI - Financial and Economic Evaluation Guidelines for International Forestry Projects AU - Cubbage, Frederick AU - Davis, Robert AU - Frey, Gregory AU - Behr, Diji Chandrasekharan AU - Sills, Erin T2 - Tropical Forestry Handbook PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1007/978-3-642-41554-8_68-2 SP - 1-17 OP - PB - Springer Berlin Heidelberg SN - 9783642415548 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41554-8_68-2 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pesticide use and risk of end-stage renal disease among licensed pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study AU - Lebov, Jill F AU - Engel, Lawrence S AU - Richardson, David AU - Hogan, Susan L AU - Hoppin, Jane A AU - Sandler, Dale P T2 - Occupational and Environmental Medicine AB - Experimental studies suggest a relationship between pesticide exposure and renal impairment, but epidemiological evidence is limited. We evaluated the association between exposure to 39 specific pesticides and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) incidence in the Agricultural Health Study, a prospective cohort study of licensed pesticide applicators in Iowa and North Carolina.Via linkage to the US Renal Data System, we identified 320 ESRD cases diagnosed between enrolment (1993-1997) and December 2011 among 55 580 male licensed pesticide applicators. Participants provided information on use of pesticides via self-administered questionnaires. Lifetime pesticide use was defined as the product of duration and frequency of use and then modified by an intensity factor to account for differences in pesticide application practices. Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for age and state, were used to estimate associations between ESRD and: (1) ordinal categories of intensity-weighted lifetime use of 39 pesticides, (2) poisoning and high-level pesticide exposures and (3) pesticide exposure resulting in a medical visit or hospitalisation.Positive exposure-response trends were observed for the herbicides alachlor, atrazine, metolachlor, paraquat, and pendimethalin, and the insecticide permethrin. More than one medical visit due to pesticide use (HR=2.13; 95% CI 1.17 to 3.89) and hospitalisation due to pesticide use (HR=3.05; 95% CI 1.67 to 5.58) were significantly associated with ESRD.Our findings support an association between ESRD and chronic exposure to specific pesticides, and suggest pesticide exposures resulting in medical visits may increase the risk of ESRD.Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00352924. DA - 2015/7/15/ PY - 2015/7/15/ DO - 10.1136/oemed-2014-102615 VL - 73 IS - 1 SP - 3-12 J2 - Occup Environ Med LA - en OP - SN - 1351-0711 1470-7926 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2014-102615 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Optimized oral cholera vaccine distribution strategies to minimize disease incidence: A mixed integer programming model and analysis of a Bangladesh scenario AU - Smalley, Hannah K. AU - Keskinocak, Pinar AU - Swann, Julie AU - Hinman, Alan T2 - Vaccine AB - In addition to improved sanitation, hygiene, and better access to safe water, oral cholera vaccines can help to control the spread of cholera in the short term. However, there is currently no systematic method for determining the best allocation of oral cholera vaccines to minimize disease incidence in a population where the disease is endemic and resources are limited. We present a mathematical model for optimally allocating vaccines in a region under varying levels of demographic and incidence data availability. The model addresses the questions of where, when, and how many doses of vaccines to send. Considering vaccine efficacies (which may vary based on age and the number of years since vaccination), we analyze distribution strategies which allocate vaccines over multiple years. Results indicate that, given appropriate surveillance data, targeting age groups and regions with the highest disease incidence should be the first priority, followed by other groups primarily in order of disease incidence, as this approach is the most life-saving and cost-effective. A lack of detailed incidence data results in distribution strategies which are not cost-effective and can lead to thousands more deaths from the disease. The mathematical model allows for what-if analysis for various vaccine distribution strategies by providing the ability to easily vary parameters such as numbers and sizes of regions and age groups, risk levels, vaccine price, vaccine efficacy, production capacity and budget. DA - 2015/11// PY - 2015/11// DO - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.09.088 VL - 33 IS - 46 SP - 6218-6223 J2 - Vaccine LA - en OP - SN - 0264-410X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.09.088 DB - Crossref KW - Cholera KW - Vaccine KW - Bangladesh KW - Mixed integer programming KW - Vaccine distribution ER - TY - JOUR TI - An optimization framework for measuring spatial access over healthcare networks AU - Li, Zihao AU - Serban, Nicoleta AU - Swann, Julie L. T2 - BMC Health Services Research AB - Measurement of healthcare spatial access over a network involves accounting for demand, supply, and network structure. Popular approaches are based on floating catchment areas; however the methods can overestimate demand over the network and fail to capture cascading effects across the system. Optimization is presented as a framework to measure spatial access. Questions related to when and why optimization should be used are addressed. The accuracy of the optimization models compared to the two-step floating catchment area method and its variations is analytically demonstrated, and a case study of specialty care for Cystic Fibrosis over the continental United States is used to compare these approaches. The optimization models capture a patient’s experience rather than their opportunities and avoid overestimating patient demand. They can also capture system effects due to change based on congestion. Furthermore, the optimization models provide more elements of access than traditional catchment methods. Optimization models can incorporate user choice and other variations, and they can be useful towards targeting interventions to improve access. They can be easily adapted to measure access for different types of patients, over different provider types, or with capacity constraints in the network. Moreover, optimization models allow differences in access in rural and urban areas. DA - 2015/7/17/ PY - 2015/7/17/ DO - 10.1186/s12913-015-0919-8 VL - 15 IS - 1 J2 - BMC Health Serv Res LA - en OP - SN - 1472-6963 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12913-015-0919-8 DB - Crossref KW - Optimization KW - Health access KW - Measurement of access KW - Intervention ER - TY - JOUR TI - Small-Area Estimation of Spatial Access to Care and Its Implications for Policy AU - Gentili, Monica AU - Isett, Kim AU - Serban, Nicoleta AU - Swann, Julie T2 - Journal of Urban Health AB - Local or small-area estimates to capture emerging trends across large geographic regions are critical in identifying and addressing community-level health interventions. However, they are often unavailable due to lack of analytic capabilities in compiling and integrating extensive datasets and complementing them with the knowledge about variations in state-level health policies. This study introduces a modeling approach for small-area estimation of spatial access to pediatric primary care that is data "rich" and mathematically rigorous, integrating data and health policy in a systematic way. We illustrate the sensitivity of the model to policy decision making across large geographic regions by performing a systematic comparison of the estimates at the census tract and county levels for Georgia and California. Our results show the proposed approach is able to overcome limitations of other existing models by capturing patient and provider preferences and by incorporating possible changes in health policies. The primary finding is systematic underestimation of spatial access, and inaccurate estimates of disparities across population and across geography at the county level with respect to those at the census tract level with implications on where to focus and which type of interventions to consider. DA - 2015/8/18/ PY - 2015/8/18/ DO - 10.1007/s11524-015-9972-1 VL - 92 IS - 5 SP - 864-909 J2 - J Urban Health LA - en OP - SN - 1099-3460 1468-2869 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11524-015-9972-1 DB - Crossref KW - Spatial access KW - Health policy KW - Optimization KW - Small-area estimates ER - TY - JOUR TI - Estimating Prevalence of Overweight or Obese Children and Adolescents in Small Geographic Areas Using Publicly Available Data AU - Davila-Payan, Carlo AU - DeGuzman, Michael AU - Johnson, Kevin AU - Serban, Nicoleta AU - Swann, Julie T2 - Preventing Chronic Disease AB - Interventions for pediatric obesity can be geographically targeted if high-risk populations can be identified. We developed an approach to estimate the percentage of overweight or obese children aged 2 to 17 years in small geographic areas using publicly available data. We piloted our approach for Georgia.We created a logistic regression model to estimate the individual probability of high body mass index (BMI), given data on the characteristics of the survey participants. We combined the regression model with a simulation to sample subpopulations and obtain prevalence estimates. The models used information from the 2001-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the 2010 Census, and the 2010 American Community Survey. We validated our results by comparing 1) estimates for adults in Georgia produced by using our approach with estimates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and 2) estimates for children in Arkansas produced by using our approach with school examination data. We generated prevalence estimates for census tracts in Georgia and prioritized areas for interventions.In DeKalb County, the mean prevalence among census tracts varied from 27% to 40%. For adults, the median difference between our estimates and CDC estimates was 1.3 percentage points; for Arkansas children, the median difference between our estimates and examination-based estimates data was 1.7 percentage points.Prevalence estimates for census tracts can be different from estimates for the county, so small-area estimates are crucial for designing effective interventions. Our approach validates well against external data, and it can be a relevant aid for planning local interventions for children. DA - 2015/3/12/ PY - 2015/3/12/ DO - 10.5888/pcd12.140229 VL - 12 J2 - Prev. Chronic Dis. OP - SN - 1545-1151 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd12.140229 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - The effect of geographic access on severe health outcomes for pediatric asthma AU - Garcia, Erin AU - Serban, Nicoleta AU - Swann, Julie AU - Fitzpatrick, Anne T2 - Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology AB - Access to medical care and severe pediatric asthma outcomes vary with geography, but the relationship between them has not been studied.We sought to evaluate the relationship between geographic access and health outcomes for pediatric asthma.The severe outcome measures include emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations for children with an asthma diagnosis in Georgia and North Carolina. We quantify asthma prevalence, outcome measures, and factors included in the statistical model using multiple data sources. We calculate geographic access to primary and asthma specialist care using optimization models. We estimate the association between outcomes and geographic access in the presence of other factors using logistic regression. The model is used to project the reduction in severe outcomes with improvement in access.The association between access and outcomes for pediatric asthma depends on the type of outcome measure, type of care, and variations in other factors. The expression of this association is also different for the 2 states. Access to primary care plays a larger role than access to specialist care in explaining Georgia ED visits, whereas the reverse applies for hospitalizations. In North Carolina access to both primary and specialist care are statistically significant in explaining the variability in ED visits.The variation in the association between estimated access and outcomes affects the projected reductions of severe outcomes with access improvement. Thus applying one intervention would not have the same level of improvement across geography. Interventions must be tailored to target regions with the potential to deliver the highest effect to gain maximum benefit. DA - 2015/9// PY - 2015/9// DO - 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.01.030 VL - 136 IS - 3 SP - 610-618 J2 - Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology LA - en OP - SN - 0091-6749 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2015.01.030 DB - Crossref KW - Geographic access KW - pediatric asthma KW - severe health outcomes ER - TY - JOUR TI - Quantifying and explaining accessibility with application to the 2009 H1N1 vaccination campaign AU - Heier Stamm, Jessica L. AU - Serban, Nicoleta AU - Swann, Julie AU - Wortley, Pascale T2 - Health Care Management Science DA - 2015/9/4/ PY - 2015/9/4/ DO - 10.1007/s10729-015-9338-y VL - 20 IS - 1 SP - 76-93 J2 - Health Care Manag Sci LA - en OP - SN - 1386-9620 1572-9389 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10729-015-9338-y DB - Crossref KW - Public health KW - Potential spatial accessibility KW - Game theory KW - Network optimization KW - Statistics ER - TY - RPRT TI - Vermicomposting in childcare center gardens AU - Sherman, R. A3 - NC State Cooperative Extension DA - 2015/9/28/ PY - 2015/9/28/ M1 - LF‐007‐08 PB - NC State Cooperative Extension SN - LF‐007‐08 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Composting. AU - Sherman, R. T2 - Extension Gardener Handbook PY - 2015/// PB - NC Cooperative Extension Service ER - TY - CHAP TI - Fertilizer Use AU - Osmond, D.L. AU - Crozier, C.R. AU - Sherman, R. AU - LeBude, A.V. T2 - Nutrient Contact of Fertilizer Materials PY - 2015/// PB - AgChem Manual, NC State University ER - TY - RPRT TI - Composting in childcare center gardens AU - Sherman, R. A3 - NC State Cooperative Extension DA - 2015/9/28/ PY - 2015/9/28/ M1 - LF‐007‐07 PB - NC State Cooperative Extension SN - LF‐007‐07 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Soil Pollution Due to Irrigation with Arsenic-Contaminated Groundwater: Current State of Science AU - Gillispie, E.C. AU - Sowers, T.D. AU - Duckworth, O.W. AU - Polizzotto, M.L. T2 - Current Pollution Reports AB - Food with elevated arsenic concentrations is becoming widely recognized as a global threat to human health. This review describes the current state of knowledge of soil pollution derived from irrigation with arsenic-contaminated groundwater, highlighting processes controlling arsenic cycling in soils and resulting arsenic impacts on crop and human health. Irrigation practices utilized for both flooded and upland crops have the potential to load arsenic to soils, with a host of environmental and anthropogenic factors ultimately determining the fate of arsenic. Continual use of contaminated groundwater for irrigation may result in soils with concentrations sufficient to create dangerous arsenic concentrations in the edible portions of crops. Recent advances in low-cost water and soil management options show promise for mitigating arsenic impacts of polluted soils. Better understanding of arsenic transfer from soil to crops and the controls on long-term soil arsenic accumulation is needed to establish effective arsenic mitigation strategies within vulnerable agronomic systems. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1007/s40726-015-0001-5 VL - 1 IS - 1 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85039931557&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Arsenic KW - Soil KW - Irrigation KW - Crops KW - Human health KW - Mitigation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of Escherichia coli Isolates from Feces, Hands, and Soils in Rural Bangladesh via the Colilert Quanti-Tray System AU - Julian, Timothy R. AU - Islam, M. Aminul AU - Pickering, Amy J. AU - Roy, Subarna AU - Fuhrmeister, Erica R. AU - Ercumen, Ayse AU - Harris, Angela AU - Bishai, Jason AU - Schwab, Kellogg J. T2 - Appl. Environ. Microbiol. AB - ABSTRACT The increased awareness of the role of environmental matrices in enteric disease transmission has resulted in the need for rapid, field-based methods for fecal indicator bacteria and pathogen detection. Evidence of the specificity of β-glucuronidase-based assays for detection of Escherichia coli from environmental matrices relevant to enteric pathogen transmission in developing countries, such as hands, soils, and surfaces, is limited. In this study, we quantify the false-positive rate of a β-glucuronidase-based E. coli detection assay (Colilert) for two environmental reservoirs in Bangladeshi households (hands and soils) and three fecal composite sources (cattle, chicken, and humans). We investigate whether or not the isolation source of E. coli influences phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. Phenotypic characteristics include results of biochemical assays provided by the API-20E test; genotypic characteristics include the Clermont phylogroup and the presence of enteric and/or environmental indicator genes sfmH , rfaI , and fucK . Our findings demonstrate no statistically significant difference in the false-positive rate of Colilert for environmental compared to enteric samples. E. coli isolates from all source types are genetically diverse, representing six of the seven phylogroups, and there is no difference in relative frequency of phylogroups between enteric and environmental samples. We conclude that Colilert, and likely other β-glucuronidase-based assays, is appropriate for detection of E. coli on hands and in soils with low false-positive rates. Furthermore, E. coli isolated from hands and soils in Bangladeshi households are diverse and indistinguishable from cattle, chicken, and human fecal isolates, using traditional biochemical assays and phylogrouping. DA - 2015/3/1/ PY - 2015/3/1/ DO - 10.1128/AEM.03214-14 VL - 81 IS - 5 SP - 1735-1743 J2 - Appl. Environ. Microbiol. LA - en SN - 0099-2240, 1098-5336 UR - https://aem.asm.org/content/81/5/1735 DB - aem.asm.org Y2 - 2019/1/25/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Upgrading a Piped Water Supply from Intermittent to Continuous Delivery and Association with Waterborne Illness: A Matched Cohort Study in Urban India AU - Ercumen, Ayse AU - Arnold, Benjamin F. AU - Kumpel, Emily AU - Burt, Zachary AU - Ray, Isha AU - Nelson, Kara AU - Jr, John M. Colford T2 - PLOS Medicine AB - Intermittent delivery of piped water can lead to waterborne illness through contamination in the pipelines or during household storage, use of unsafe water sources during intermittencies, and limited water availability for hygiene. We assessed the association between continuous versus intermittent water supply and waterborne diseases, child mortality, and weight for age in Hubli-Dharwad, India.We conducted a matched cohort study with multivariate matching to identify intermittent and continuous supply areas with comparable characteristics in Hubli-Dharwad. We followed 3,922 households in 16 neighborhoods with children <5 y old, with four longitudinal visits over 15 mo (Nov 2010-Feb 2012) to record caregiver-reported health outcomes (diarrhea, highly credible gastrointestinal illness, bloody diarrhea, typhoid fever, cholera, hepatitis, and deaths of children <2 y old) and, at the final visit, to measure weight for age for children <5 y old. We also collected caregiver-reported data on negative control outcomes (cough/cold and scrapes/bruises) to assess potential bias from residual confounding or differential measurement error. Continuous supply had no significant overall association with diarrhea (prevalence ratio [PR] = 0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.83-1.04, p = 0.19), bloody diarrhea (PR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.60-1.01, p = 0.06), or weight-for-age z-scores (Δz = 0.01, 95% CI: -0.07-0.09, p = 0.79) in children <5 y old. In prespecified subgroup analyses by socioeconomic status, children <5 y old in lower-income continuous supply households had 37% lower prevalence of bloody diarrhea (PR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.46-0.87, p-value for interaction = 0.03) than lower-income intermittent supply households; in higher-income households, there was no significant association between continuous versus intermittent supply and child diarrheal illnesses. Continuous supply areas also had 42% fewer households with ≥1 reported case of typhoid fever (cumulative incidence ratio [CIR] = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.41-0.78, p = 0.001) than intermittent supply areas. There was no significant association with hepatitis, cholera, or mortality of children <2 y old; however, our results were indicative of lower mortality of children <2 y old (CIR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.22-1.07, p = 0.10) in continuous supply areas. The major limitations of our study were the potential for unmeasured confounding given the observational design and measurement bias from differential reporting of health symptoms given the nonblinded treatment. However, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of the negative control outcomes between study groups that would suggest undetected confounding or measurement bias.Continuous water supply had no significant overall association with diarrheal disease or ponderal growth in children <5 y old in Hubli-Dharwad; this might be due to point-of-use water contamination from continuing household storage and exposure to diarrheagenic pathogens through nonwaterborne routes. Continuous supply was associated with lower prevalence of dysentery in children in low-income households and lower typhoid fever incidence, suggesting that intermittently operated piped water systems are a significant transmission mechanism for Salmonella typhi and dysentery-causing pathogens in this urban population, despite centralized water treatment. Continuous supply was associated with reduced transmission, especially in the poorer higher-risk segments of the population. DA - 2015/10/27/ PY - 2015/10/27/ DO - 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001892 VL - 12 IS - 10 SP - e1001892 J2 - PLOS Medicine LA - en SN - 1549-1676 ST - Upgrading a Piped Water Supply from Intermittent to Continuous Delivery and Association with Waterborne Illness UR - https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1001892 DB - PLoS Journals Y2 - 2019/1/25/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of source- versus household contamination of tubewell water on child diarrhea in rural Bangladesh: a randomized controlled trial AU - Ercumen, Ayse AU - Naser, Abu Mohd AU - Unicomb, Leanne AU - Arnold, Benjamin F. AU - Colford, John M. AU - Luby, Stephen P. T2 - PloS One AB - Shallow tubewells are the primary drinking water source for most rural Bangladeshis. Fecal contamination has been detected in tubewells, at low concentrations at the source and at higher levels at the point of use. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to assess whether improving the microbiological quality of tubewell drinking water by household water treatment and safe storage would reduce diarrhea in children <2 years in rural Bangladesh.We randomly assigned 1800 households with a child aged 6-18 months (index child) into one of three arms: chlorine plus safe storage, safe storage and control. We followed households with monthly visits for one year to promote the interventions, track their uptake, test participants' source and stored water for fecal contamination, and record caregiver-reported child diarrhea prevalence (primary outcome). To assess reporting bias, we also collected data on health outcomes that are not expected to be impacted by our interventions.Both interventions had high uptake. Safe storage, alone or combined with chlorination, reduced heavy contamination of stored water. Compared to controls, diarrhea in index children was reduced by 36% in the chlorine plus safe storage arm (prevalence ratio, PR = 0.64, 0.55-0.73) and 31% in the safe storage arm (PR = 0.69, 0.60-0.80), with no difference between the two intervention arms. One limitation of the study was the non-blinded design with self-reported outcomes. However, the prevalence of health outcomes not expected to be impacted by water interventions did not differ between study arms, suggesting minimal reporting bias.Safe storage significantly improved drinking water quality at the point of use and reduced child diarrhea in rural Bangladesh. There was no added benefit from combining safe storage with chlorination. Efforts should be undertaken to implement and evaluate long-term efforts for safe water storage in Bangladesh.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01350063. C2 - PMC4376788 DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0121907 VL - 10 IS - 3 SP - e0121907 J2 - PLoS ONE LA - eng SN - 1932-6203 ST - Effects of source- versus household contamination of tubewell water on child diarrhea in rural Bangladesh DB - PubMed ER - TY - CONF TI - How to train your digester - Using step and pulse feeding of grease waste to increase community resistance and methane yield by up to 336% AU - Wang, L. AU - Hossen, E.H. AU - Aziz, T.N. AU - Ducoste, J.J. AU - De Los Reyes, F.L. C2 - 2015/// C3 - Proceedings of the Air and Waste Management Association's Annual Conference and Exhibition, AWMA DA - 2015/// VL - 3 SP - 1581-1589 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84983745996&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Assessing biophysical controls on Gulf of Mexico hypoxia through probabilistic modeling AU - Obenour, Daniel R AU - Michalak, Anna M AU - Scavia, Donald T2 - Ecological Applications DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - 25 IS - 2 SP - 492-505 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Tender instruments: programme participation and impact in australian conservation tenders, grants and volunteer organisations AU - Brown, Z.S. AU - Alvarez, B. AU - Johnstone, N. T2 - OECD Environment Working Papers A3 - OECD Publishing AB - A striking variety of policy instruments are used in Victoria, Australia to achieve conservation objectives. These include highly active voluntary programmes, a variety of conservation grants, and a reverse auction for the provision of ecosystem services, known as EcoTender. An open question regarding such payments for ecosystem services (i.e. grants and tenders) is whether they achieve ‘additionality.’ That is, do they lead to conservation above the status quo? Critics of these instruments allege that the majority of funds for such programmes are merely paying individuals for conservation work they are already doing. A related concern is that monetary incentives for conservation may skew landowners’ motives more towards monetary concerns, and erode nature conservation values. The practical implication of this ‘moral crowding out’ is that, if funding is ever suspended for conservation grants or EcoTenders, then conservation may decline below its original, pre-programme level. To investigate both of these concerns, a telephone survey was conducted with 266 farmers in Victoria. Analysis of the data suggests that there is a strong correlation between stated levels of own-property conservation effort and activity in local volunteer groups, as well as having received a conservation grant or tender. However, this does not address the additionality question, because landowners already engaged in such efforts may be more likely to be awarded grants or tenders. This presents an endogeneity problem. While panel data are ultimately necessary to answer this question definitively, application of instrumental variables methods provides some insight. The methods imply that grants and tenders may achieve ‘additionality’ only when they reach those otherwise uninvolved with conservation programmes, in particular those not volunteering. This suggests that conservation tenders can improve their cost-effectiveness by increasing participation among those not already volunteering in other conservation programmes. Meanwhile, there is fairly strong evidence in the data for the potential for moral-crowding-out; tender or grant receipt appears to shift stated motivations towards more monetary concerns. However, the practical implications of this finding – that is, whether this erosion of attitudes translates in blunted conservation efforts – remain unknown. C6 - 858585 DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1787/5js4k0t30hvc-en M1 - 85 PB - OECD Publishing SN - 85 UR - https://ideas.repec.org/p/oec/envaaa/85-en.html ER - TY - CHAP TI - Addressing environmental risks for child health AU - Trasande, L. AU - Brown, Z.S. T2 - Promoting health, preventing disease: the economic case A2 - McDaid, D. A2 - Sassi, F. A2 - Merkur, S. PY - 2015/// PB - World Health Organization, Open University Press UR - https://books.google.com/books?id=COrSCgAAQBAJ&lpg=PA169&ots=CAuZbBcuiL&lr&pg=PA169#v=onepage&q&f=false ER - TY - JOUR TI - Tropical freshwater sciences: An overview of ongoing tropical research AU - Ramírez, A. AU - Ardón, M. AU - Douglas, M.M. AU - Gra?a, M.A.S. T2 - Freshwater Science AB - Previous articleNext article No AccessTropical StreamsTropical freshwater sciences: an overview of ongoing tropical researchAlonso Ramírez, Marcelo Ardón, Michael M. Douglas, and Manuel A. S. GraçaAlonso Ramírez1Department of Environmental Science, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00919 USA5E-mail addresses: [email protected] Search for more articles by this author , Marcelo Ardón2Department of Biology and Center for Biodiversity, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858 USA6[email protected] Search for more articles by this author , Michael M. Douglas3Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territories 0909 Australia7[email protected] Search for more articles by this author , and Manuel A. S. Graça4MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal, Coimbra, Portugal8[email protected] Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Freshwater Science Volume 34, Number 2June 2015 Published on behalf of the Society for Freshwater Science Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/681257 Views: 142Total views on this site Citations: 6Citations are reported from Crossref HistoryPublished online March 18, 2015Received February 17, 2015Accepted February 18, 2015 © 2015 by The Society for Freshwater Science.PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Sydney Moyo An enigma: A meta-analysis reveals the effect of ubiquitous microplastics on different taxa in aquatic systems, Frontiers in Environmental Science 10 (Sep 2022).https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.999349Nicholas S. Marzolf, Marcelo Ardón Ecosystem metabolism in tropical streams and rivers: a review and synthesis, Limnology and Oceanography 66, no.55 (Feb 2021): 1627–1638.https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11707Lina Paola Giraldo, Juan F. Blanco-Libreros, Julián Chará Controles extrínsecos e intrínsecos en la descomposición de hojas de tres especies de árboles pioneros comunes en quebradas de bajo orden en los Andes Centrales de Colombia, Neotropical Biodiversity 7, no.11 (Aug 2021): 392–404.https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2021.1964913José L. S. Mello, Daniel P. Abrahão, Wesley A. Saltarelli, Matt R. Whiles, Walter K. Dodds, Checo Colón-Gaud, Vinicius Neres-Lima, Davi G. F. Cunha, and Juliano J. Corbi Patterns of macroinvertebrate production and energy flow in headwater streams of the Brazilian Savanna, Freshwater Science 39, no.44 (Oct 2020): 848–859.https://doi.org/10.1086/711756 References, (Jan 2020): 833–948.https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-813255-5.00037-5Kate Baker, Michael A. Chadwick, Rafhiah Kahar, Zohrah Haji Sulaiman, Rodzay A. Wahab , Ecosphere 7, no.1212 ( 2016).https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1479 DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1086/681257 VL - 34 IS - 2 SP - 606-608 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84953737675&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Thermodynamic constraints on the utility of ecological stoichiometry for explaining global biogeochemical patterns AU - Helton, A.M. AU - Ardón, M. AU - Bernhardt, E.S. T2 - Ecology Letters AB - Carbon and nitrogen cycles are coupled through both stoichiometric requirements for microbial biomass and dissimilatory metabolic processes in which microbes catalyse reduction-oxidation reactions. Here, we integrate stoichiometric theory and thermodynamic principles to explain the commonly observed trade-off between high nitrate and high organic carbon concentrations, and the even stronger trade-off between high nitrate and high ammonium concentrations, across a wide range of aquatic ecosystems. Our results suggest these relationships are the emergent properties of both microbial biomass stoichiometry and the availability of terminal electron acceptors. Because elements with multiple oxidation states (i.e. nitrogen, manganese, iron and sulphur) serve as both nutrients and sources of chemical energy in reduced environments, both assimilative demand and dissimilatory uses determine their concentrations across broad spatial gradients. Conceptual and quantitative models that integrate rather than independently examine thermodynamic, stoichiometric and evolutionary controls on biogeochemical cycling are essential for understanding local to global biogeochemical patterns. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1111/ele.12487 VL - 18 IS - 10 SP - 1049-1056 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84941022537&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - A global perspective on wetland salinization: ecological consequences of a growing threat to freshwater wetlands AU - Herbert, E.R. AU - Boon, P. AU - Burgin, A.J. AU - Neubauer, S.C. AU - Franklin, R.B. AU - Ardon, M. AU - Hopfensperger, K.N. AU - Lamers, L.P.M. AU - Gell, P. AU - Langley, J.A. T2 - Ecosphere AB - Salinization, a widespread threat to the structure and ecological functioning of inland and coastal wetlands, is currently occurring at an unprecedented rate and geographic scale. The causes of salinization are diverse and include alterations to freshwater flows, land‐clearance, irrigation, disposal of wastewater effluent, sea level rise, storm surges, and applications of de‐icing salts. Climate change and anthropogenic modifications to the hydrologic cycle are expected to further increase the extent and severity of wetland salinization. Salinization alters the fundamental physicochemical nature of the soil‐water environment, increasing ionic concentrations and altering chemical equilibria and mineral solubility. Increased concentrations of solutes, especially sulfate, alter the biogeochemical cycling of major elements including carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, iron, and silica. The effects of salinization on wetland biogeochemistry typically include decreased inorganic nitrogen removal (with implications for water quality and climate regulation), decreased carbon storage (with implications for climate regulation and wetland accretion), and increased generation of toxic sulfides (with implications for nutrient cycling and the health/functioning of wetland biota). Indeed, increased salt and sulfide concentrations induce physiological stress in wetland biota and ultimately can result in large shifts in wetland communities and their associated ecosystem functions. The productivity and composition of freshwater species assemblages will be highly altered, and there is a high potential for the disruption of existing interspecific interactions. Although there is a wealth of information on how salinization impacts individual ecosystem components, relatively few studies have addressed the complex and often non‐linear feedbacks that determine ecosystem‐scale responses or considered how wetland salinization will affect landscape‐level processes. Although the salinization of wetlands may be unavoidable in many cases, these systems may also prove to be a fertile testing ground for broader ecological theories including (but not limited to): investigations into alternative stable states and tipping points, trophic cascades, disturbance‐recovery processes, and the role of historical events and landscape context in driving community response to disturbance. DA - 2015/10// PY - 2015/10// DO - 10.1890/ES14-00534.1 VL - 6 IS - 10 SP - art206 J2 - Ecosphere LA - en OP - SN - 2150-8925 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/ES14-00534.1 DB - Crossref KW - biodiversity KW - biogeochemistry KW - ecosystem services KW - global change KW - hydrology KW - wetland KW - non-linear feedbacks KW - salinization KW - salinification KW - saltwater intrusion ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Legacy of Mexico's Agrarian Counter-Reforms: Reinforcing Social Hierarchies in Calakmul, Campeche AU - Navarro-Olmedo, Santana AU - Haenn, Nora AU - Schmook, Birgit AU - Radel, Claudia T2 - Journal of Agrarian Change AB - In this paper, we examine how M exico's 1992 counter‐reforms reinforced social hierarchies between two ‘classes’ of residents within three ejidos in an agricultural frontier in C ampeche. We carried out qualitative research with 94 ejidatarios , 92 pobladores and 13 government officials. Our research shows that the reforms cemented the second‐class status of pobladores, as their access to land, natural resources such as firewood and governmental subsidies is now even more contested. Ejidal residents have responded to these tensions by invoking various conceptions of citizenship to press for different forms of justice. Ejidatarios seek to enforce their legal prerogatives by advocating a tiered citizenship, inflected with aspects of ‘market citizenship’, in which pobladores have less access to resources and voice. Pobladores seek inclusion in the ejido via a cultural model of citizenship built around a ‘civil sociality’. Despite this generalization, both groups also selectively move between and combine these citizenship frameworks to advance their claims. DA - 2015/1/8/ PY - 2015/1/8/ DO - 10.1111/joac.12095 VL - 16 IS - 1 SP - 145-167 KW - ejidatarios KW - intra-ejidal relations KW - pobladores KW - resource conflict KW - citizenship ER - TY - JOUR TI - Innovation at the Crossroads: Exploring the Intersection of Innovation Adoption and Specification Reform in Public Highway Construction AU - Kimmel, Shawn AU - Toohey, Nathan AU - Delborne, Jason T2 - Transportation Research Circular DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - E-C199 IS - 199 SP - 9-18 SN - 0097-8515 ST - Innovation at the Crossroads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view.aspx?id=1371964 DB - trid.trb.org Y2 - 2018/11/28/ N1 - place: Washington, DC RN - place: Washington, DC ER - TY - CHAP TI - Precautionary Principle AU - Harremoës, P. AU - Delborne, J. T2 - Ethics, Science, Technology, and Engineering: A Global Resource A2 - Holbrook, J.B. PY - 2015/// ET - 2nd VL - 3 SP - 449–455 PB - Macmillan Reference USA ER - TY - CHAP TI - HeLa Cells AU - Hoopes, J. AU - Delborne, J. T2 - Ethics, Science, Technology, and Engineering: A Global Resource A2 - Holbrook, J.B. PY - 2015/// ET - 2nd VL - 2 SP - 446–448 PB - Macmillan Reference USA ER - TY - JOUR TI - Modified auger for pit latrine desludging in developing countries AU - Sisco, Tracey AU - Rogers, Tate AU - Reyes, Francis T2 - HUMANITARIAN TECHNOLOGY: SCIENCE, SYSTEMS AND GLOBAL IMPACT 2015, HUMTECH2015 AB - A modified auger was developed in response to the need for a hygienic and low-cost pit emptying technology. An auger is housed inside a 4” pipe and powered by a hydraulic motor. As the auger turns, sludge is conveyed up and out of the pit into containers for disposal. Development and lab testing of prototypes was followed by field-testing on pit latrines in South Africa. Flow rates up to 40 LPM were achieved in field-testing, which are high enough to empty a typical pit in 1 to 2 hours. Field testing also revealed new challenges and progress has continued in order to solve these problems, including improved manoeuvrability and management of trash often found in latrines. The addition of a dolly frame improved the movement of the auger inside and outside of the pits. Trash removal technologies that could be coupled with the auger are currently in development. Further field-testing of the auger and trash management techniques will be carried out. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.06.101 VL - 107 SP - 427-429 SN - 1877-7058 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84946054501&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - pit latrine emptying KW - fecal sludge management ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Struggle for Pakistan: A Muslim homeland and global politics AU - Gilmartin, D. T2 - Journal of Asian Studies DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - 74 IS - 4 SP - 1056-1057 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Decomposition of sources of errors in seasonal streamflow forecasting over the U.S. Sunbelt AU - Mazrooei, Amirhossein AU - Sinha, Tushar AU - Sankarasubramanian, A. AU - Kumar, Sujay AU - Peters‐Lidard, Christa D. T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres AB - Abstract Seasonal streamflow forecasts, contingent on climate information, can be utilized to ensure water supply for multiple uses including municipal demands, hydroelectric power generation, and for planning agricultural operations. However, uncertainties in the streamflow forecasts pose significant challenges in their utilization in real‐time operations. In this study, we systematically decompose various sources of errors in developing seasonal streamflow forecasts from two Land Surface Models (LSMs) (Noah3.2 and CLM2), which are forced with downscaled and disaggregated climate forecasts. In particular, the study quantifies the relative contributions of the sources of errors from LSMs, climate forecasts, and downscaling/disaggregation techniques in developing seasonal streamflow forecast. For this purpose, three month ahead seasonal precipitation forecasts from the ECHAM4.5 general circulation model (GCM) were statistically downscaled from 2.8° to 1/8° spatial resolution using principal component regression (PCR) and then temporally disaggregated from monthly to daily time step using kernel‐nearest neighbor (K‐NN) approach. For other climatic forcings, excluding precipitation, we considered the North American Land Data Assimilation System version 2 (NLDAS‐2) hourly climatology over the years 1979 to 2010. Then the selected LSMs were forced with precipitation forecasts and NLDAS‐2 hourly climatology to develop retrospective seasonal streamflow forecasts over a period of 20 years (1991–2010). Finally, the performance of LSMs in forecasting streamflow under different schemes was analyzed to quantify the relative contribution of various sources of errors in developing seasonal streamflow forecast. Our results indicate that the most dominant source of errors during winter and fall seasons is the errors due to ECHAM4.5 precipitation forecasts, while temporal disaggregation scheme contributes to maximum errors during summer season. DA - 2015/12// PY - 2015/12// DO - 10.1002/2015jd023687 VL - 120 IS - 23 SP - J2 - J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. LA - en OP - SN - 2169-897X 2169-8996 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015jd023687 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Environmental Threats and Political Opportunities: Citizen Activism in the North Bohemian Coal Basin AU - Shriver, Thomas E. AU - Adams, Alison E. AU - Longo, Stefano B. T2 - SOCIAL FORCES AB - Extant research has established important linkages between threats and social movement mobilization in a variety of political and economic settings. Yet, comparatively little attention has been paid to the relationship between environmental threats and activism. Drawing from literatures in environmental sociology and social movements, we examine the coal industry and its resultant environmental devastation in Czechoslovakia to investigate the intersection of political and environmental threats in provoking activism in highly repressive settings. Using a range of data sources, we illustrate how the externalities of extreme production coupled with developing weaknesses in the state ultimately incited public protest against the regime. Our analysis of protest in North Bohemia provides insight into broader patterns of elite legitimacy and resistance. Our findings show that the environmental externalities stemming from state-mandated production in the North Bohemian region posed an imminent threat that spurred residents to protest despite harsh state repression. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for future research on environmental and political threats, elite legitimation, and citizen activism. DA - 2015/12// PY - 2015/12// DO - 10.1093/sf/sov072 VL - 94 IS - 2 SP - 699-722 SN - 1534-7605 ER - TY - BOOK TI - The tragedy of the commodity: Oceans, fisheries, and aquaculture AU - Longo, S. B. AU - Clausen, R. AU - Clark, B DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// PB - New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press SN - 9780813565781 ER - TY - BOOK TI - The man who touched his own heart: True tales of science, surgery, and mystery AU - Dunn, R. R. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// PB - New York: Little, Brown and Company SN - 9780316225793 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Influence of basin characteristics on the effectiveness and downstream reach of interbasin water transfers: displacing a problem AU - Emanuel, Ryan E. AU - Buckley, John J. AU - Caldwell, Peter V. AU - McNulty, Steven G. AU - Sun, Ge T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS AB - Interbasin water transfers are globally important water management strategies, yet little is known about their role in the hydrologic cycle at regional and continental scales. Specifically, there is a dearth of centralized information on transfer locations and characteristics, and few analyses place transfers into a relevant hydrological context. We assessed hydrological characteristics of interbasin transfers (IBTs) in the conterminous US using a nationwide inventory of transfers together with historical climate data and hydrological modeling. Supplying and receiving drainage basins share similar hydroclimatological conditions, suggesting that climatological drivers of water shortages in receiving basins likely have similar effects on supplying basins. This result calls into question the effectiveness of transfers as a strategy to mitigate climate-driven water shortages, as the water shortage may be displaced but not resolved. We also identified hydrologically advantageous and disadvantageous IBTs by comparing the water balances of supplying and receiving basins. Transfer magnitudes did not vary between the two categories, confirming that factors driving individual IBTs, such as patterns of human water demand or engineering constraints, also influence the continental-scale distribution of transfers. Some IBTs impact streamflow for hundreds of kilometers downstream. Transfer magnitude, hydroclimate and organization of downstream river networks mediate downstream impacts, and these impacts have the potential to expand downstream nonlinearly during years of drought. This work sheds new light on IBTs and emphasizes the need for updated inventories and analyses that place IBTs in an appropriate hydrological context. DA - 2015/12// PY - 2015/12// DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/10/12/124005 VL - 10 IS - 12 SP - SN - 1748-9326 UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000367286300012&KeyUID=WOS:000367286300012 KW - water resources KW - global change KW - hydrological cycles KW - water management KW - climate ER - TY - JOUR TI - How Study Design Influences the Ranking of Medicinal Plant Importance: A Case Study from Ghana, West Africa AU - Dudney, Katherine AU - Warren, Sarah AU - Sills, Erin AU - Jacka, Jerry T2 - ECONOMIC BOTANY DA - 2015/12// PY - 2015/12// DO - 10.1007/s12231-015-9322-y VL - 69 IS - 4 SP - 306-317 SN - 1874-9364 KW - Traditional ethnobotanical knowledge (TEK) KW - Ghana KW - medicinal plants KW - quantitative ethnobotany KW - informant consensus KW - cultural importance ER - TY - JOUR TI - Exploring Tradeoffs in Demand- Side and Supply- Side Management of Urban Water Resources Using Agent- Based Modeling and Evolutionary Computation AU - Kanta, Lufthansa AU - Berglund, Emily Zechman T2 - SYSTEMS AB - Urban water supply systems may be managed through supply-side and demand-side strategies, which focus on water source expansion and demand reductions, respectively. Supply-side strategies bear infrastructure and energy costs, while demand-side strategies bear costs of implementation and inconvenience to consumers. To evaluate the performance of demand-side strategies, the participation and water use adaptations of consumers should be simulated. In this study, a Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS) framework is developed to simulate consumer agents that change their consumption to affect the withdrawal from the water supply system, which, in turn influences operational policies and long-term resource planning. Agent-based models are encoded to represent consumers and a policy maker agent and are coupled with water resources system simulation models. The CAS framework is coupled with an evolutionary computation-based multi-objective methodology to explore tradeoffs in cost, inconvenience to consumers, and environmental impacts for both supply-side and demand-side strategies. Decisions are identified to specify storage levels in a reservoir that trigger: (1) increases in the volume of water pumped through inter-basin transfers from an external reservoir; and (2) drought stages, which restrict the volume of water that is allowed for residential outdoor uses. The proposed methodology is demonstrated for Arlington, Texas, water supply system to identify non-dominated strategies for an historic drought decade. Results demonstrate that pumping costs associated with maximizing environmental reliability exceed pumping costs associated with minimizing restrictions on consumer water use. DA - 2015/12// PY - 2015/12// DO - 10.3390/systems3040287 VL - 3 IS - 4 SP - 287-308 SN - 2079-8954 KW - agent-based modeling KW - complex adaptive systems analysis KW - multi-objective optimization KW - urban water resources management KW - sustainability ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluating the long-term impacts of promoting "green" agriculture in the Amazon AU - Sills, Erin O. AU - Caviglia-Harris, Jill L. T2 - AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AB - Abstract Frontier development in the Brazilian Amazon has created vast areas of largely deforested landscapes. Conservation efforts in these post‐frontier zones seek to protect the remaining forest fragments and promote sustainable agricultural practices that absorb labor, meet market demand, and generate ecosystem services. Assessments of these efforts often find that rates of sustained uptake are disappointingly low and that impacts are difficult to discern, but this could be due to the short‐time frames of both the efforts themselves and their evaluation. We investigate the impacts of participation in an internationally sponsored farmer association that for 15 years promoted sustainable agricultural practices in the heavily deforested state of Rondônia, Brazil. Using data from a georeferenced four‐period panel survey of farmers in combination with remote sensing data on land use spanning the life of the association, we apply matching methods to estimate the impacts of participation. We find that membership resulted in more diversified production systems, including more land allocated to agroforestry. Members also deforested less of their farms, but this difference is not statistically significant after we control for selection bias in membership. DA - 2015/11// PY - 2015/11// DO - 10.1111/agec.12200 VL - 46 SP - 83-102 SN - 1574-0862 KW - Brazilian Amazon KW - Tropical deforestation KW - Impact evaluation KW - Genetic matching KW - Agroforestry KW - Productive conservation KW - Diversification ER - TY - JOUR TI - REDD plus at a critical juncture: assessing the limits of polycentric governance for achieving climate change mitigation AU - Sunderlin, W. D. AU - Sills, E. O. AU - Duchelle, A. E. AU - Ekaputri, A. D. AU - Kweka, D. AU - Toniolo, M. A. AU - Ball, S. AU - Doggart, N. AU - Pratama, C. D. AU - Padilla, J. T. AU - Enright, A. AU - Otsyina, R. M. T2 - INTERNATIONAL FORESTRY REVIEW AB - In 2007, REDD+ emerged as the leading option for early climate change mitigation. In 2010, after the failure of negotiations at the Copenhagen COP, observers cited REDD+ projects and other subnational initiatives as examples of the polycentric governance (based on multiple independent actors operating at multiple levels) necessary to move climate change mitigation forward in the absence of a binding international agreement. This paper examines the ways subnational initiatives can and cannot play this role, based on the experiences and opinions of 23 REDD+ proponent organizations in six countries. These proponents have tested various approaches to climate change mitigation, demonstrating the value of a polycentric approach for promoting innovation and learning. However, from our sample, six initiatives have closed, four no longer label themselves as REDD+, only four are selling carbon credits, and less than half view conditional incentives (initially the core innovation of REDD+) as their most important intervention. While polycentric governance in REDD+ has benefits, it will not enable implementation of REDD+ as originally conceived unless accompanied by a binding international agreement. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1505/146554815817476468 VL - 17 IS - 4 SP - 400-413 SN - 2053-7778 KW - deforestation KW - climate KW - REDD KW - finance KW - governance ER - TY - JOUR TI - How does information communication technology affect energy use? AU - Longo, S. B. AU - York, R. T2 - Human Ecology Review DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.22459/her.22.01.2015.04 VL - 22 IS - 1 SP - 55-71 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Global divergence of the human follicle mite Demodex folliculorum: Persistent associations between host ancestry and mite lineages AU - Palopoli, Michael F. AU - Fergus, Daniel J. AU - Minot, Samuel AU - Pei, Dorothy T. AU - Simison, W. Brian AU - Fernandez-Silva, Iria AU - Thoemmes, Megan S. AU - Dunn, Robert R. AU - Trautwein, Michelle T2 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AB - Microscopic mites of the genus Demodex live within the hair follicles of mammals and are ubiquitous symbionts of humans, but little molecular work has been done to understand their genetic diversity or transmission. Here we sampled mite DNA from 70 human hosts of diverse geographic ancestries and analyzed 241 sequences from the mitochondrial genome of the species Demodex folliculorum. Phylogenetic analyses recovered multiple deep lineages including a globally distributed lineage common among hosts of European ancestry and three lineages that primarily include hosts of Asian, African, and Latin American ancestry. To a great extent, the ancestral geography of hosts predicted the lineages of mites found on them; 27% of the total molecular variance segregated according to the regional ancestries of hosts. We found that D. folliculorum populations are stable on an individual over the course of years and that some Asian and African American hosts maintain specific mite lineages over the course of years or generations outside their geographic region of birth or ancestry. D. folliculorum haplotypes were much more likely to be shared within families and between spouses than between unrelated individuals, indicating that transmission requires close contact. Dating analyses indicated that D. folliculorum origins may predate modern humans. Overall, D. folliculorum evolution reflects ancient human population divergences, is consistent with an out-of-Africa dispersal hypothesis, and presents an excellent model system for further understanding the history of human movement. DA - 2015/12/29/ PY - 2015/12/29/ DO - 10.1073/pnas.1512609112 VL - 112 IS - 52 SP - 15958-15963 SN - 0027-8424 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84952683497&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Demodex KW - phylogeography KW - symbiosis KW - coevolution ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparison of process control viruses for use in extraction and detection of human norovirus from food matrices AU - Gentry-Shields, Jennifer AU - Jaykus, Lee-Ann T2 - FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL AB - Abstract Although RT-qPCR is a powerful tool for human norovirus (HuNoV) detection, low virus concentrations in potentially large sample volumes necessitate the use of inefficient sample processing step(s) prior to detection. Process control viruses (PCVs) are used to monitor the efficiency of these virus concentration steps. This study compared five PCVs [Mengovirus (Mengo), murine norovirus (MNV-1), MS2 coliphage, Tulane virus, and turnip crinkle virus (TCV)] to two HuNoV strains for recovery during the steps of elution, polyethylene glycol precipitation (PEG), and RNA extraction from select foods (lettuce and sliced deli ham). Results demonstrate high recovery efficiencies of HuNoV GI.6 and GII.4 using the methods described in this study: combined (sequential) losses during processing from sliced deli ham and lettuce were 10 genome equivalent copies (GEC). When considering the processing steps separately, HuNoV loss was negligible after elution, and low after PEG precipitation (mean 0.5 log 10 GEC) and RNA extraction (mean 0.1 log 10 GEC). The virus that least mimicked the behavior of HuNoV during sample processing was MNV-1. Of the viruses tested, a commercial mengovirus strain gave recovery efficiencies closest to HuNoV, showing combined losses from sliced deli ham and lettuce of 10 GEC and ~ 1 log 10 GEC, respectively. All PCVs do not behave equivalently and validation of their performance is recommended before their routine use on an application-by-application basis. DA - 2015/11// PY - 2015/11// DO - 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.05.027 VL - 77 SP - 320-325 SN - 1873-7145 KW - Norovirus KW - Process control virus KW - RT-qPCR KW - Processing efficiency ER - TY - JOUR TI - The ecology of microscopic life in household dust AU - Barberán, Albert AU - Dunn, Robert R. AU - Reich, Brian J. AU - Pacifici, Krishna AU - Laber, Eric B. AU - Menninger, Holly L. AU - Morton, James M. AU - Henley, Jessica B. AU - Leff, Jonathan W. AU - Miller, Shelly L. AU - Fierer, Noah T2 - Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences AB - We spend the majority of our lives indoors; yet, we currently lack a comprehensive understanding of how the microbial communities found in homes vary across broad geographical regions and what factors are most important in shaping the types of microorganisms found inside homes. Here, we investigated the fungal and bacterial communities found in settled dust collected from inside and outside approximately 1200 homes located across the continental US, homes that represent a broad range of home designs and span many climatic zones. Indoor and outdoor dust samples harboured distinct microbial communities, but these differences were larger for bacteria than for fungi with most indoor fungi originating outside the home. Indoor fungal communities and the distribution of potential allergens varied predictably across climate and geographical regions; where you live determines what fungi live with you inside your home. By contrast, bacterial communities in indoor dust were more strongly influenced by the number and types of occupants living in the homes. In particular, the female : male ratio and whether a house had pets had a significant influence on the types of bacteria found inside our homes highlighting that who you live with determines what bacteria are found inside your home. DA - 2015/9/7/ PY - 2015/9/7/ DO - 10.1098/rspb.2015.1139 VL - 282 IS - 1814 SP - 20151139 J2 - Proc. R. Soc. B LA - en OP - SN - 0962-8452 1471-2954 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.1139 DB - Crossref KW - microbial ecology KW - bacteria KW - fungi KW - dust KW - built environment KW - allergens ER - TY - JOUR TI - Opinions of clinical veterinarians at a US veterinary teaching hospital regarding antimicrobial use and antimicrobial-resistant infections AU - Jacob, Megan E. AU - Hoppin, Jane A. AU - Steers, Nicola AU - Davis, Jennifer L. AU - Davidson, Gigi AU - Hansen, Bernie AU - Lunn, Katharine F. AU - Murphy, K. Marcia AU - Papich, Mark G. T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AB - Abstract Objective —To determine opinions of faculty members with clinical appointments, clinical veterinarians, residents, and interns at a US veterinary teaching hospital regarding antimicrobial use and antimicrobial-resistant infections. Design —Cross-sectional survey. Sample —71 veterinarians. Procedures —An online questionnaire was sent to all veterinarians with clinical service responsibilities at the North Carolina State University veterinary teaching hospital (n = 167). The survey included 23 questions regarding demographic information, educational experiences, current prescribing practices, and personal opinions related to antimicrobial selection, antimicrobial use, restrictions on antimicrobial use, and antimicrobial resistance. Results —Of the 167 veterinarians eligible to participate, 71 (43%) responded. When respondents were asked to rate their level of concern (very concerned = 1; not concerned = 5) about antimicrobial-resistant infections, most (41/70 [59%]) assigned a score of 1, with mean score for all respondents being 1.5. Most survey participants rated their immediate colleagues (mean score, 1.9) as more concerned than other veterinary medical professionals (mean score, 2.3) and their clients (mean score, 3.4). Fifty-nine of 67 (88%) respondents felt that antimicrobials were overprescribed at the hospital, and 32 of 69 (46%) respondents felt uncomfortable prescribing at least one class of antimicrobials (eg, carbapenems or glycopeptides) because of public health concerns. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance —Findings indicated that veterinarians at this teaching hospital were concerned about antimicrobial resistance, thought antimicrobials were overprescribed, and supported restricting use of certain antimicrobial classes in companion animals. Findings may be useful in educating future veterinarians and altering prescribing habits and antimicrobial distribution systems in veterinary hospitals. DA - 2015/10/15/ PY - 2015/10/15/ DO - 10.2460/javma.247.8.938 VL - 247 IS - 8 SP - 938-944 J2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association LA - en OP - SN - 0003-1488 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.247.8.938 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Landscape Position Influences Microbial Composition and Function via Redistribution of Soil Water across a Watershed AU - Du, Zhe AU - Riveros-Iregui, Diego A. AU - Jones, Ryan T. AU - McDermott, Timothy R. AU - Dore, John E. AU - McGlynn, Brian L. AU - Emanuel, Ryan E. AU - Li, Xu T2 - APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY AB - Subalpine forest ecosystems influence global carbon cycling. However, little is known about the compositions of their soil microbial communities and how these may vary with soil environmental conditions. The goal of this study was to characterize the soil microbial communities in a subalpine forest watershed in central Montana (Stringer Creek Watershed within the Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest) and to investigate their relationships with environmental conditions and soil carbonaceous gases. As assessed by tagged Illumina sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, community composition and structure differed significantly among three landscape positions: high upland zones (HUZ), low upland zones (LUZ), and riparian zones (RZ). Soil depth effects on phylogenetic diversity and β-diversity varied across landscape positions, being more evident in RZ than in HUZ. Mantel tests revealed significant correlations between microbial community assembly patterns and the soil environmental factors tested (water content, temperature, oxygen, and pH) and soil carbonaceous gases (carbon dioxide concentration and efflux and methane concentration). With one exception, methanogens were detected only in RZ soils. In contrast, methanotrophs were detected in all three landscape positions. Type I methanotrophs dominated RZ soils, while type II methanotrophs dominated LUZ and HUZ soils. The relative abundances of methanotroph populations correlated positively with soil water content (R = 0.72, P < 0.001) and negatively with soil oxygen (R = -0.53, P = 0.008). Our results suggest the coherence of soil microbial communities within and differences in communities between landscape positions in a subalpine forested watershed that reflect historical and contemporary environmental conditions. DA - 2015/12// PY - 2015/12// DO - 10.1128/aem.02643-15 VL - 81 IS - 24 SP - 8457-8468 SN - 1098-5336 UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000365212800020&KeyUID=WOS:000365212800020 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Continental US streamflow trends from 1940 to 2009 and their relationships with watershed spatial characteristics AU - Rice, Joshua S. AU - Emanuel, Ryan E. AU - Vose, James M. AU - Nelson, Stacy A. C. T2 - WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH AB - Abstract Changes in streamflow are an important area of ongoing research in the hydrologic sciences. To better understand spatial patterns in past changes in streamflow, we examined relationships between watershed‐scale spatial characteristics and trends in streamflow. Trends in streamflow were identified by analyzing mean daily flow observations between 1940 and 2009 from 967 U.S. Geological Survey stream gages. Results indicated that streamflow across the continental U.S., as a whole, increased while becoming less extreme between 1940 and 2009. However, substantial departures from the continental U.S. (CONUS) scale pattern occurred at the regional scale, including increased annual maxima, decreased annual minima, overall drying trends, and changes in streamflow variability. A subset of watersheds belonging to a reference data set exhibited significantly smaller trend magnitudes than those observed in nonreference watersheds. Boosted regression tree models were applied to examine the influence of watershed characteristics on streamflow trend magnitudes at both the CONUS and regional scale. Geographic location was found to be of particular importance at the CONUS scale while local variability in hydroclimate and topography tended to have a strong influence on regional‐scale patterns in streamflow trends. This methodology facilitates detailed, data‐driven analyses of how the characteristics of individual watersheds interact with large‐scale hydroclimate forces to influence how changes in streamflow manifest. DA - 2015/8// PY - 2015/8// DO - 10.1002/2014wr016367 VL - 51 IS - 8 SP - 6262-6275 SN - 1944-7973 UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000363402800022&KeyUID=WOS:000363402800022 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Using Agent-Based Modeling for Water Resources Planning and Management AU - Berglund, Emily Zechman T2 - JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT AB - Agent-based systems have been developed for many scientific applications and simulation studies to model a group of actors and their interactions based on behavioral rules. Agent-based models and multiagent systems simulate the emergence of system-level properties based on the actions of adaptive agents that interact with other agents, react to environmental signals, and optimize decisions to achieve individual goals. In water resources planning and management, agent-based modeling has been applied to explore, simulate, and predict the performance of infrastructure design and policy decisions as they are influenced by human decision making, behaviors, and adaptations. The goal of this paper is to provide a comprehensive introduction to agent-based modeling for water resources researchers, students, and practitioners, and to explore water resources systems as complex adaptive systems that can be studied using agent-based modeling. Agent-based modeling is defined, and the characteristics of complex adaptive systems that necessitate its use are described. A literature review is presented to demonstrate research in the field that uses agent-based modeling to gain insight for water resources management. Two illustrative case studies of agent-based water resources systems models are developed and described. The case studies demonstrate the use of reactive and active (e.g., optimizing) agents for simulating water resources planning problems. The limitations in applying agent-based modeling and the insights that are expected from further investigations are summarized. DA - 2015/11// PY - 2015/11// DO - 10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000544 VL - 141 IS - 11 SP - SN - 1943-5452 KW - Multi-agent systems KW - Complex adaptive systems KW - Coupled human and natural systems KW - Water management KW - Decision-making KW - Review ER - TY - JOUR TI - Rethinking the Public through the Lens of Sovereignty AU - Gilmartin, David T2 - SOUTH ASIA-JOURNAL OF SOUTH ASIAN STUDIES AB - The interrelationships of the various, seemingly contradictory, uses of the public as a concept are best understood by relating the concept to sovereignty. The concept of the public thus gained particular structural meaning in colonial India through the state's efforts to legitimise its authority as the embodiment of a discourse of reason in the nineteenth century, with the courts serving as a critical model for the public. With the emergence of the concept of the sovereignty of the people in the twentieth century, the nature of the public was significantly transformed, and gained increasing significance as an arena for the open performance of the autonomous self. DA - 2015/7/3/ PY - 2015/7/3/ DO - 10.1080/00856401.2015.1055422 VL - 38 IS - 3 SP - 371-386 SN - 1479-0270 KW - Law KW - performance KW - public KW - reason KW - sovereignty ER - TY - JOUR TI - Private development-based forest conservation in Patagonia: comparing mental models and revealing cultural truths AU - Serenari, Christopher AU - Peterson, M. Nils AU - Leung, Yu-Fai AU - Stowhas, Paulina AU - Wallace, Tim AU - Sills, Erin O. T2 - ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY AB - Private protected area (PPA) conservation agents (CA) engaging in development-based conservation in southern Chile have generated conflict with locals.Poor fit of dominant development-based conservation ideology in rural areas is commonly to blame.We developed and administered a cultural consensus survey near the Valdivian Coastal Reserve (RCV) and Huilo Huilo Reserve (HH) to examine fit of CA cultural truths with local residents.Cultural consensus analysis (CCA) of 23 propositions reflecting CA cultural truths confirmed: (1) a single CA culture exists, and ( 2) RCV communities were more aligned with this culture than HH communities.Inadequate communication, inequitable decision making, divergent opinions about livelihood impacts and trajectories, and PPA purpose may explain differences between CAs and communities.Meanwhile, variability in response between and within communities may reflect differing environmental histories.Private protected area administrations might use CCA to confront cultural differences and thereby improve their community interactions. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.5751/es-07696-200304 VL - 20 IS - 3 SP - SN - 1708-3087 KW - Chile KW - cultural consensus KW - development KW - mental model KW - private protected area ER - TY - JOUR TI - Meeting multiple water quality objectives through treatment using locally generated char: improving organoleptic properties and removing synthetic organic contaminants and disinfection by-products AU - Kearns, Joshua P. AU - Shimabuku, Kyle K. AU - Mahoney, Ryan B. AU - Knappe, Detlef R. U. AU - Summers, R. Scott T2 - JOURNAL OF WATER SANITATION AND HYGIENE FOR DEVELOPMENT AB - A variety of natural and anthropogenic contaminants can compromise the safety and esthetics of surface water collected for drinking and disinfected using chlorine by households in developing communities. While household chlorination is effective against most microbial pathogens, many users find the taste and odor of chlorine unacceptable and revert to drinking untreated water. Moreover, reactions between chlorine and the dissolved organic matter form harmful disinfection by-products (DBPs) such as trihalomethanes (THMs). Char adsorbers have been used to treat drinking water for thousands of years and are still widely used today. Results obtained here demonstrate that locally produced biomass chars (biochars) exhibit removal capacities comparable to those of activated carbon for removal of THMs, synthetic organic chemicals (SOCs) such as warfarin (WFN) (anticoagulant pharmaceutical, rodenticide), and naturally occurring trace organics such as the taste-and-odor compound 2-methylisoborneol (cyanobacterial metabolite). Results show chars can be used effectively to remove objectionable tastes and odors related to chlorine and cyanobacteria, DBPs, and SOCs. The use of char may lead to microbial risk reduction through greater acceptance of chlorine-based disinfection due to improved water esthetics, as well as chemical risk reduction associated with DBP and SOC exposure. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.2166/washdev.2015.172 VL - 5 IS - 3 SP - 359-372 SN - 2043-9083 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84940023189&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - adsorption KW - biochar KW - charcoal KW - chemical water contaminants KW - point-of-use water treatment ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mapping the spatial distribution of the biomass and filter-feeding effect of invasive dreissenid mussels on the winter-spring phytoplankton bloom in Lake Michigan AU - Rowe, Mark D. AU - Obenour, Daniel R. AU - Nalepa, Thomas F. AU - Vanderploeg, Henry A. AU - Yousef, Foad AU - Kerfoot, W. Charles T2 - FRESHWATER BIOLOGY AB - Summary The effects of the invasive bivalves Dreissena polymorpha (zebra mussel) and Dreissena rostriformis bugensis (quagga mussel) on aquatic ecosystems, including Lake Michigan, are a topic of current interest to scientists and resource managers. We hypothesised that the winter–spring phytoplankton bloom in Lake Michigan is reduced at locations where the fraction of the water column cleared per day by Dreissena filter feeding approached the net growth rate of phytoplankton, when the water column was not stratified. To test this hypothesis, we compared the spatial distribution of Dreissena filter‐feeding intensity (determined from geostatistical modelling) to the spatial distribution of chlorophyll (determined from satellite remote sensing). To map the spatial distribution of Dreissena biomass and filter‐feeding intensity, we developed a geostatistical model based on point observations of mussel biomass measured in Lake Michigan in 1994/1995, 2000, 2005 and 2010. The model provided fine‐scale estimates of the spatial distribution of biomass for the survey years and provided estimates, with their uncertainty, of total biomass lakewide and within subregions. The approach outlined could be applied more generally to map the distribution of benthic biota in lakes from point observations. Total biomass of Dreissena in Lake Michigan, estimated from the geostatistical model, increased significantly over each five‐year period. The total biomass in units of 10 6 kg ash‐free dry mass ( AFDM ) (with 90% confidence interval) was 6 (4–8) in 1994/1995, 18 (14–23) in 2000, 408 (338–485) in 2005 and 610 (547–680) in 2010. From 1994/1995 to 2005, increases were observed in all regions of the lake (northern, central and southern) and in all depth zones (<30, 30–50, 50–90 and >90). However, from 2005 to 2010, for depths of <50 m, biomass declined in the northern region, remained constant in the central region and increased in the southern region; biomass continued to increase in all three lake regions for depths >50 m. The filter‐feeding intensity of Dreissena exceeded the benchmark spring phytoplankton growth rate of 0.06 day −1 in 2005 for depths <50 m (lakewide). In 2010, the filter‐feeding impact exceeded 0.06 day −1 within depths <90 m (lakewide), which greatly increased the spatial area affected relative to 2005. A regression analysis indicated a significant relationship between the reduction in satellite‐derived chlorophyll concentration (pre‐ D. r. bugensis period to post‐ D. r. bugensis period) and spatially co‐located filter‐feeding intensity (fraction of water column cleared per day) during periods when the water column was not stratified (December to April). DA - 2015/11// PY - 2015/11// DO - 10.1111/fwb.12653 VL - 60 IS - 11 SP - 2270-2285 SN - 1365-2427 KW - benthos KW - GIS KW - invasive species KW - invertebrates KW - lakes KW - modelling KW - physical environment KW - population KW - statistics ER - TY - JOUR TI - Feasibility of Using Traditional Kiln Charcoals in Low-Cost Water Treatment: Role of Pyrolysis Conditions on 2,4-D Herbicide Adsorption AU - Kearns, Joshua P. AU - Knappe, Detlef R. U. AU - Summers, R. Scott T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE AB - Prior research has established that pyrolysis temperature during charcoal production is the primary variable influencing adsorption capacity. The first objective of this work was to monitor thermal conditions during charcoal production within three common traditional kiln models. Then, a programmable laboratory furnace pyrolyzer was used to generate chars from eucalyptus, pine, and longan woods and bamboo under a similar range of thermal conditions as identified in the field study. Using chars produced from the furnace, the second objective of this study was to investigate the influence of biomass feedstock and grain size, peak pyrolysis temperature, and duration of thermal treatment on 2,4-D herbicide sorption capacity. A third objective was to determine if chars produced in the laboratory furnace using thermal profiles similar to those observed in the horizontal drum kiln would exhibit similar adsorbent characteristics to kiln charcoals. Field observations revealed significant variability in temperature profiles during pyrolysis in traditional charcoal kilns, and laboratory experiments indicated corresponding variability in equilibrium 2,4-D uptake from surface water ranging from virtually no adsorption to around 10% of the adsorption capacity of commercial activated carbon. Increasing pyrolysis temperature or duration increased 2,4-D adsorption capacity, whereas feedstock did not affect adsorption capacity for the materials studied. Similar herbicide adsorption capacity was observed for furnace chars and kiln charcoals generated using similar thermal profiles. The difficulty of achieving precise temperature control with traditional charcoal production systems contributes to wide thermal variability within and between batches, which translates to wide variability in adsorption of organic compounds. DA - 2015/11/1/ PY - 2015/11/1/ DO - 10.1089/ees.2015.0243 VL - 32 IS - 11 SP - 912-921 SN - 1557-9018 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84946830926&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - 2,4-D KW - adsorption KW - biochar KW - charcoal KW - decentralized water treatment KW - engineering for developing communities KW - low cost adsorbents ER - TY - JOUR TI - Complex Adaptive Modeling Framework for Evaluating Adaptive Demand Management for Urban Water Resources Sustainability AU - Giacomoni, M. H. AU - Berglund, E. Z. T2 - Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management AB - New water resources management methodologies are needed to address increasing demands and future uncertainty for urban water resources. Adaptive water demand management strategies provide an approach to improve the efficiency of water system operations and meet water demands by adapting flexibility to increasing stresses, such as droughts. This study simulates adaptive water demand management through the development of a complex adaptive system modeling framework, which couples cellular automata modeling, agent-based modeling, and hydrologic modeling to simulate land-use change, consumer behaviors, management decisions, the rainfall-runoff process, and reservoir storage. The model is applied to simulate the effect of demand management strategies on reductions in municipal water demands and on the sustained storage in a surface water supply reservoir. Historic and projected climate change hydroclimatic time series are used to assess the effectiveness of domestic water restrictions, including outdoor watering restrictions, a rainwater harvesting rebate program, and a high-density land-use change policy. Strategies are adaptively implemented based on the amount of water storage available. The framework is applied to evaluate strategies for the Arlington, Texas, metropolitan area that historically suffers from severe droughts. The framework provides an approach to evaluate a combination of multiple strategies for effectively managing the increasing stresses caused by urbanization, population growth, and climate change. Results demonstrate that adaptive demand management strategies that respond to water shortages result in long-term per capita demand reductions. For climate projections that forecast severe water shortages, development density strategies are more effective than rainwater harvesting strategies, and a combination of strategies can reduce the need for interbasin transfers and maintain reservoir volumes. DA - 2015/11// PY - 2015/11// DO - 10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000543 VL - 141 IS - 11 SP - 04015024 J2 - J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. LA - en OP - SN - 0733-9496 1943-5452 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000543 DB - Crossref KW - Adaptive management KW - Demand management KW - Drought management KW - Water resources sustainability KW - Complex adaptive systems ER - TY - JOUR TI - Clustering and Differential Alignment Algorithm: Identification of Early Stage Regulators in the Arabidopsis thaliana Iron Deficiency Response AU - Koryachko, Alexandr AU - Matthiadis, Anna AU - Muhammad, Durreshahwar AU - Foret, Jessica AU - Brady, Siobhan M. AU - Ducoste, Joel J. AU - Tuck, James AU - Long, Terri A. AU - Williams, Cranos T2 - PLOS ONE AB - Time course transcriptome datasets are commonly used to predict key gene regulators associated with stress responses and to explore gene functionality. Techniques developed to extract causal relationships between genes from high throughput time course expression data are limited by low signal levels coupled with noise and sparseness in time points. We deal with these limitations by proposing the Cluster and Differential Alignment Algorithm (CDAA). This algorithm was designed to process transcriptome data by first grouping genes based on stages of activity and then using similarities in gene expression to predict influential connections between individual genes. Regulatory relationships are assigned based on pairwise alignment scores generated using the expression patterns of two genes and some inferred delay between the regulator and the observed activity of the target. We applied the CDAA to an iron deficiency time course microarray dataset to identify regulators that influence 7 target transcription factors known to participate in the Arabidopsis thaliana iron deficiency response. The algorithm predicted that 7 regulators previously unlinked to iron homeostasis influence the expression of these known transcription factors. We validated over half of predicted influential relationships using qRT-PCR expression analysis in mutant backgrounds. One predicted regulator-target relationship was shown to be a direct binding interaction according to yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) analysis. These results serve as a proof of concept emphasizing the utility of the CDAA for identifying unknown or missing nodes in regulatory cascades, providing the fundamental knowledge needed for constructing predictive gene regulatory networks. We propose that this tool can be used successfully for similar time course datasets to extract additional information and infer reliable regulatory connections for individual genes. DA - 2015/8/28/ PY - 2015/8/28/ DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0136591 VL - 10 IS - 8 SP - SN - 1932-6203 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84943338816&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cancer incidence and metolachlor use in the Agricultural Health Study: An update AU - Silver, Sharon R. AU - Bertke, Steven J. AU - Hines, Cynthia J. AU - Alavanja, Michael C.R. AU - Hoppin, Jane A. AU - Lubin, Jay H. AU - Rusiecki, Jennifer A. AU - Sandler, Dale P. AU - Beane Freeman, Laura E. T2 - International Journal of Cancer AB - Metolachlor, a widely used herbicide, is classified as a Group C carcinogen by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency based on increased liver neoplasms in female rats. Epidemiologic studies of the health effects of metolachlor have been limited. The Agricultural Health Study (AHS) is a prospective cohort study including licensed private and commercial pesticide applicators in Iowa and North Carolina enrolled 1993-1997. We evaluated cancer incidence through 2010/2011 (NC/IA) for 49,616 applicators, 53% of whom reported ever using metolachlor. We used Poisson regression to evaluate relations between two metrics of metolachlor use (lifetime days, intensity-weighted lifetime days) and cancer incidence. We saw no association between metolachlor use and incidence of all cancers combined (n = 5,701 with a 5-year lag) or most site-specific cancers. For liver cancer, in analyses restricted to exposed workers, elevations observed at higher categories of use were not statistically significant. However, trends for both lifetime and intensity-weighted lifetime days of metolachor use were positive and statistically significant with an unexposed reference group. A similar pattern was observed for follicular cell lymphoma, but no other lymphoma subtypes. An earlier suggestion of increased lung cancer risk at high levels of metolachlor use in this cohort was not confirmed in this update. This suggestion of an association between metolachlor and liver cancer among pesticide applicators is a novel finding and echoes observation of increased liver neoplasms in some animal studies. However, our findings for both liver cancer and follicular cell lymphoma warrant follow-up to better differentiate effects of metolachlor use from other factors. DA - 2015/6/25/ PY - 2015/6/25/ DO - 10.1002/ijc.29621 VL - 137 IS - 11 SP - 2630-2643 J2 - Int. J. Cancer LA - en OP - SN - 0020-7136 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.29621 DB - Crossref KW - cancer KW - epidemiology KW - pesticide KW - occupation ER - TY - JOUR TI - The spatial and temporal evolution of contributing areas AU - Nippgen, Fabian AU - McGlynn, Brian L. AU - Emanuel, Ryan E. T2 - WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH AB - Abstract Predicting runoff source areas and how they change through time is a challenge in hydrology. Topographically induced lateral water redistribution and water removal through evapotranspiration lead to spatially and temporally variable patterns of watershed water storage. These dynamic storage patterns combined with threshold mediation of saturated subsurface throughflow lead to runoff source areas that are dynamic through time. To investigate these processes and their manifestation in watershed runoff, we developed and applied a parsimonious but spatially distributed model (WECOH—Watershed ECOHydrology). Evapotranspiration was measured via an eddy‐covariance tower located within the catchment and disaggregated as a function of vegetation structure. This modeling approach reproduced the stream hydrograph well and was internally consistent with observed watershed runoff patterns and behavior. We further examined the spatial patterns of water storage and their evolution through time by building on past research focused on landscape hydrologic connectivity. The percentage of landscape area connected to the stream network ranged from less than 1% during the fall and winter base flow period to 71% during snowmelt. Over the course of the 2 year study period, 90% of the watershed areas were connected to the stream network for at least 1 day, leaving 10% of area that never became connected. Runoff source areas during the event shifted from riparian dominated runoff to areas at greater distances from the stream network when hillslopes became connected. Our modeling approach elucidates and enables quantification and prediction of watershed active areas and those active areas connected to the stream network through time. DA - 2015/6// PY - 2015/6// DO - 10.1002/2014wr016719 VL - 51 IS - 6 SP - 4550-4573 SN - 1944-7973 UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000358301200036&KeyUID=WOS:000358301200036 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pesticide exposure and end-stage renal disease risk among wives of pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study AU - Lebov, Jill F. AU - Engel, Lawrence S. AU - Richardson, David AU - Hogan, Susan L. AU - Sandler, Dale P. AU - Hoppin, Jane A. T2 - Environmental Research AB - Pesticide exposure has been found to cause renal damage and dysfunction in experimental studies, but epidemiological research on the renal effects of chronic low-level pesticide exposure is limited. We investigated the relationships between end-stage renal disease (ESRD) among wives of licensed pesticide applicators (N=31,142) in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS) and (1) personal pesticide use, (2) exposure to the husband's pesticide use, and (3) other pesticide-associated farming and household activities. AHS participants reported pesticide exposure via self-administered questionnaires at enrollment (1993–1997). ESRD cases were identified via linkage to the United States Renal Data System. Associations between ESRD and pesticide exposures were estimated with Cox proportional hazard regression models controlling for age at enrollment. Models of associations with farming and household factors were additionally adjusted for personal use of pesticides. We identified 98 ESRD cases diagnosed between enrollment and 31 December 2011. Although women who ever applied pesticides (56% of cohort) were less likely than those who did not apply to develop ESRD (Hazard Ratio (HR): 0.42; 95% CI: 0.28, 0.64), among women who did apply pesticides, the rate of ESRD was significantly elevated among those who reported the highest (vs. lowest) cumulative general pesticide use (HR: 4.22; 95% CI: 1.26, 14.20). Among wives who never applied pesticides, ESRD was associated with husbands' ever use of paraquat (HR=1.99; 95% CI: 1.14, 3.47) and butylate (HR=1.71; 95% CI: 1.00, 2.95), with a positive exposure–response pattern for husband’s cumulative use of these pesticides. ESRD may be associated with direct and/or indirect exposure to pesticides among farm women. Future studies should evaluate indirect exposure risk among other rural populations. DA - 2015/11// PY - 2015/11// DO - 10.1016/j.envres.2015.10.002 VL - 143 SP - 198-210 J2 - Environmental Research LA - en OP - SN - 0013-9351 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2015.10.002 DB - Crossref KW - Pesticide exposure KW - End-stage renal disease KW - Farm women KW - Agricultural exposures ER - TY - JOUR TI - Organophosphate insecticide use and cancer incidence among spouses of pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study AU - Lerro, Catherine C AU - Koutros, Stella AU - Andreotti, Gabriella AU - Friesen, Melissa C AU - Alavanja, Michael C AU - Blair, Aaron AU - Hoppin, Jane A AU - Sandler, Dale P AU - Lubin, Jay H AU - Ma, Xiaomei AU - Zhang, Yawei AU - Beane Freeman, Laura E T2 - Occupational and Environmental Medicine AB -