TY - BLOG TI - Biodiversity Can Flourish on an Urban Planet AU - Katti, Madhusudan T2 - The Conversation DA - 2014/1/22/ PY - 2014/1/22/ UR - https://theconversation.com/biodiversity-can-flourish-on-an-urban-planet-18723 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Citizen science at the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences AU - Cooper, C.B. T2 - Discover Citizen Science Salon DA - 2014/12/16/ PY - 2014/12/16/ UR - https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/citizen-science-at-the-north-carolina-museum-of-natural-sciences ER - TY - BLOG TI - New Association Wants You! Calling All Supporters of Citizen Science AU - Cooper, C.B T2 - PLOS CitizenSci blog DA - 2014/3/10/ PY - 2014/3/10/ UR - https://web.archive.org/web/20170909013707/http://blogs.plos.org/citizensci/2014/03/10/new-citizen-science-association-wants-you/ ER - TY - BLOG TI - First-ever Bluebird Twins Highlight Citizen Science’s value in studying rare events AU - Cooper, C.B. T2 - PLOS CitizenSci blog DA - 2014/3/26/ PY - 2014/3/26/ UR - https://web.archive.org/web/20170909074722/http://blogs.plos.org/citizensci/2014/03/26/first-ever-bluebird-twins-highlight-citizen-sciences-value-studying-rare-events/ ER - TY - BLOG TI - Expert Amateurs: local dive guides report sharks for citizen science AU - Cooper, C.B. T2 - PLOS CitizenSci blog DA - 2014/4/26/ PY - 2014/4/26/ UR - https://web.archive.org/web/20170908163229/http://blogs.plos.org/citizensci/2014/04/26/expert-amateurs-local-dive-guides-report-sharks-citizen-science/ ER - TY - MGZN TI - Expert Amateurs: local dive guides report sharks for citizen science AU - Cooper, C.B. T2 - Discover DA - 2014/5/9/ PY - 2014/5/9/ ER - TY - BLOG TI - Coop’s Citizen Sci Scoop: Fisherman, sailor, beachcomber, diver - the seas of research helpers AU - Cooper, C.B. T2 - PLOS CitizenSci blog DA - 2014/8/26/ PY - 2014/8/26/ UR - https://web.archive.org/web/20170909082916/http://blogs.plos.org/citizensci/2014/08/26/coops-citizen-sci-scoop-fishermen-sailor-beachcomber-diver-seas-research-helpers/ ER - TY - BLOG TI - Coop’s Citizen Sci Scoop: A tide of citizen science history revisited AU - Cooper, C.B T2 - PLOS CitizenSci blog DA - 2014/8/28/ PY - 2014/8/28/ UR - https://web.archive.org/web/20160802222233/http://blogs.plos.org/citizensci/2014/08/28/coops-citizen-sci-scoop-tide-citizen-science-history-revisited/ ER - TY - BLOG TI - Coop’s Citizen Sci Scoop: Birdwatchers have themselves that thank (and here is why you should thank them too) AU - Cooper, C.B T2 - PLOS CitizenSci blog DA - 2014/9/4/ PY - 2014/9/4/ UR - https://web.archive.org/web/20170908040311/http://blogs.plos.org/citizensci/2014/09/04/coops-citizen-sci-scoop-bird-watchers-thank/ ER - TY - BLOG TI - Coop’s Citizen Sci Scoop: The key to unlocking collaborative conservation for birds AU - Cooper, C.B T2 - PLOS CitizenSci blog DA - 2014/9/12/ PY - 2014/9/12/ UR - https://web.archive.org/web/20170908214311/http://blogs.plos.org/citizensci/2014/09/12/coops-citizen-sci-scoop-key-unlocking-collaborative-conservation-birds/ ER - TY - BLOG TI - Coop’s Citizen Sci Scoop: What Citizen Science Tells Us AU - Cooper, C.B. T2 - PLOS CitizenSci blog DA - 2014/5/16/ PY - 2014/5/16/ UR - https://web.archive.org/web/20170908155650/http://blogs.plos.org/citizensci/2014/05/16/coops-citizen-sci-scoop-citizen-science-told-us/ ER - TY - BLOG TI - Coop’s Citizen Sci Scoop: Weekly Roundup AU - Cooper, C.B. T2 - PLOS CitizenSci blog DA - 2014/5/23/ PY - 2014/5/23/ UR - https://web.archive.org/web/20170908114708/http://blogs.plos.org/citizensci/2014/05/23/coops-citizen-sci-scoop-weekly-roundup-2/ ER - TY - BLOG TI - Coop’s Citizen Sci Scoop: Shake it up with the fast pace of citizen science AU - Cooper, C.B. T2 - PLOS CitizenSci blog DA - 2014/5/31/ PY - 2014/5/31/ PB - PLOS UR - https://web.archive.org/web/20170908163225/http://blogs.plos.org/citizensci/2014/05/31/coops-citizen-sci-scoop-shake-fast-pace-citizen-science/ ER - TY - BLOG TI - Coop’s Citizen Sci Scoop: What would Thoreau do? AU - Cooper, C.B. T2 - PLOS CitizenSci blog DA - 2014/6/13/ PY - 2014/6/13/ UR - https://web.archive.org/web/20170907175909/http://blogs.plos.org/citizensci/2014/06/13/coops-citizen-sci-scoopwhat-would-thoreau-do/ ER - TY - BLOG TI - Coop’s Citizen Sci Scoop: Roundup of recent discoveries AU - Cooper, C.B. T2 - PLOS CitizenSci blog DA - 2014/6/27/ PY - 2014/6/27/ UR - https://web.archive.org/web/20170908065906/http://blogs.plos.org/citizensci/2014/06/27/coops-citizen-sci-scoop-roundup-recent-discoveries/ ER - TY - BLOG TI - Coop’s Citizen Sci Scoop: Jefferson’s legacy cultivates a nation of amateurs AU - Cooper, C.B. T2 - PLOS CitizenSci blog DA - 2014/7/4/ PY - 2014/7/4/ UR - https://web.archive.org/web/20150906004521/http://blogs.plos.org/citizensci/2014/07/04/coops-citizen-sci-scoop-jeffersons-legacy-cultivates-nation-amateurs/ ER - TY - BLOG TI - Coop’s Citizen Sci Scoop: Does citizen science get lost in translation? AU - Cooper, C.B. T2 - PLOS CitizenSci blog DA - 2014/7/11/ PY - 2014/7/11/ UR - https://web.archive.org/web/20150905194223/http://blogs.plos.org/citizensci/2014/07/11/coops-citizen-sci-scoop-citizen-science-get-lost-translation/ ER - TY - BLOG TI - Coop’s Citizen Sci Scoop: Patients who were research subjects and the doctors who listened – the citizen science of HIV/AIDS research AU - Cooper, C.B. T2 - PLOS CitizenSci blog DA - 2014/7/20/ PY - 2014/7/20/ UR - https://web.archive.org/web/20150905213057/http://blogs.plos.org/citizensci/2014/07/20/coops-citizen-sci-scoop-patients-research-subjects-doctors-listened-citizen-science-hivaids-research/ ER - TY - BLOG TI - The nine simultaneous lives of cats: cat tracker AU - Cooper, C.B T2 - PLOS CitizenSci blog DA - 2014/7/25/ PY - 2014/7/25/ UR - https://web.archive.org/web/20170907231722/http://blogs.plos.org/citizensci/2014/07/25/coops-citizen-sci-scoop-nine-simultaneous-lives-cats/ ER - TY - CONF TI - The cosmic dawn and epoch of reionization with the square kilometre array AU - Koopmans, L.V.E. AU - Pritchard, J. AU - Mellema, G. AU - Abdalla, F. AU - Aguirre, J. AU - Ahn, K. AU - Barkana, R. AU - Van Bemmel, I. AU - Bernardi, G. AU - Bonaldi, A. AU - Briggs, F. AU - De Bruyn, A.G. AU - Chang, T.C. AU - Chapman, E. AU - Chen, X. AU - Ciardi, B. AU - Datta, K.K. AU - Dayal, P. AU - Ferrara, A. AU - Fialkov, A. AU - Fiore, F. AU - Ichiki, K. AU - Illiev, I.T. AU - Inoue, S. AU - Jeli?, V. AU - Jones, M. AU - Lazio, J. AU - Maio, U. AU - Majumdar, S. AU - Mack, K.J. AU - Mesinger, A. AU - Morales, M.F. AU - Parsons, A. AU - Pen, U.-L. AU - Santos, M. AU - Schneider, R. AU - Semelin, B. AU - De Souza, R.S. AU - Subrahmanyan, R. AU - Takeuchi, T. AU - Trott, C. AU - Vedantham, H. AU - Wagg, J. AU - Webster, R. AU - Wyithe, S. C2 - 2014/// C3 - Proceedings of Science DA - 2014/// VL - 9-13-June-2014 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84978955020&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CONF TI - 21cm Forest with the SKA AU - Ciardi, B. AU - Inoue, S. AU - Mack, K.J. AU - Xu, Y. AU - Bernardi, G. C2 - 2014/// C3 - Proceedings of Science DA - 2014/// VL - 9-13-June-2014 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84978929471&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Is there a weekend bias in clutch-initiation dates from citizen science? Implications for studies of avian breeding phenology AU - Cooper, Caren B. T2 - International Journal of Biometeorology DA - 2014/9// PY - 2014/9// DO - 10.1007/s00484-013-0742-z VL - 58 IS - 7 SP - 1415–1419 SN - 0020-7128 1432-1254 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00484-013-0742-z ER - TY - JOUR TI - The eBird enterprise: An integrated approach to development and application of citizen science AU - Sullivan, Brian L. AU - Aycrigg, Jocelyn L. AU - Barry, Jessie H. AU - Bonney, Rick E. AU - Bruns, Nicholas AU - Cooper, Caren B. AU - Damoulas, Theo AU - Dhondt, André A. AU - Dietterich, Tom AU - Farnsworth, Andrew AU - Fink, Daniel AU - Fitzpatrick, John W. AU - Fredericks, Thomas AU - Gerbracht, Jeff AU - Gomes, Carla AU - Hochachka, Wesley M. AU - Iliff, Marshall J. AU - Lagoze, Carl AU - La Sorte, Frank A. AU - Merrifield, Matthew AU - Morris, Will AU - Phillips, Tina B. AU - Reynolds, Mark AU - Rodewald, Amanda D. AU - Rosenberg, Kenneth V. AU - Trautmann, Nancy M. AU - Wiggins, Andrea AU - Winkler, David W. AU - Wong, Weng-Keen AU - Wood, Christopher L. AU - Yu, Jun AU - Kelling, Steve T2 - Biological Conservation AB - Citizen-science projects engage volunteers to gather or process data to address scientific questions. But citizen-science projects vary in their ability to contribute usefully for science, conservation, or public policy. eBird has evolved from a basic citizen-science project into a collective enterprise, taking a novel approach to citizen science by developing cooperative partnerships among experts in a wide range of fields: population and distributions, conservation biologists, quantitative ecologists, statisticians, computer scientists, GIS and informatics specialists, application developers, and data administrators. The goal is to increase data quantity through participant recruitment and engagement, but also to quantify and control for data quality issues such as observer variability, imperfect detection of species, and both spatial and temporal bias in data collection. Advances at the interface among ecology, statistics, and computer science allow us to create new species distribution models that provide accurate estimates across broad spatial and temporal scales with extremely detailed resolution. eBird data are openly available and used by a broad spectrum of students, teachers, scientists, NGOs, government agencies, land managers, and policy makers. Feedback from this broad data use community helps identify development priorities. As a result, eBird has become a major source of biodiversity data, increasing our knowledge of the dynamics of species distributions, and having a direct impact on the conservation of birds and their habitats. DA - 2014/1// PY - 2014/1// DO - 10.1016/j.biocon.2013.11.003 VL - 169 SP - 31-40 J2 - Biological Conservation LA - en OP - SN - 0006-3207 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2013.11.003 DB - Crossref KW - eBird KW - Citizen-science ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Invisible Prevalence of Citizen Science in Global Research: Migratory Birds and Climate Change AU - Cooper, Caren B. AU - Shirk, Jennifer AU - Zuckerberg, Benjamin T2 - PLoS ONE AB - Citizen science is a research practice that relies on public contributions of data. The strong recognition of its educational value combined with the need for novel methods to handle subsequent large and complex data sets raises the question: Is citizen science effective at science? A quantitative assessment of the contributions of citizen science for its core purpose--scientific research--is lacking. We examined the contribution of citizen science to a review paper by ornithologists in which they formulated ten central claims about the impact of climate change on avian migration. Citizen science was never explicitly mentioned in the review article. For each of the claims, these ornithologists scored their opinions about the amount of research effort invested in each claim and how strongly the claim was supported by evidence. This allowed us to also determine whether their trust in claims was, unwittingly or not, related to the degree to which the claims relied primarily on data generated by citizen scientists. We found that papers based on citizen science constituted between 24 and 77% of the references backing each claim, with no evidence of a mistrust of claims that relied heavily on citizen-science data. We reveal that many of these papers may not easily be recognized as drawing upon volunteer contributions, as the search terms "citizen science" and "volunteer" would have overlooked the majority of the studies that back the ten claims about birds and climate change. Our results suggest that the significance of citizen science to global research, an endeavor that is reliant on long-term information at large spatial scales, might be far greater than is readily perceived. To better understand and track the contributions of citizen science in the future, we urge researchers to use the keyword "citizen science" in papers that draw on efforts of non-professionals. DA - 2014/9/3/ PY - 2014/9/3/ DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0106508 VL - 9 IS - 9 SP - e106508 J2 - PLoS ONE LA - en OP - SN - 1932-6203 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106508 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Elevational trends in life histories: revising the pace-of-life framework AU - Hille, Sabine M. AU - Cooper, Caren B. T2 - Biological Reviews AB - ABSTRACT Life‐history traits in birds, such as lifespan, age at maturity, and rate of reproduction, vary across environments and in combinations imposed by trade‐offs and limitations of physiological mechanisms. A plethora of studies have described the diversity of traits and hypothesized selection pressures shaping components of the survival–reproduction trade‐off. Life‐history variation appears to fall along a slow–fast continuum, with slow pace characterized by higher investment in survival over reproduction and fast pace characterized by higher investment in reproduction over survival. The Pace‐of‐Life Syndrome ( POLS ) is a framework to describe the slow–fast axis of variation in life‐history traits and physiological traits. The POLS corresponds to latitudinal gradients, with tropical birds exhibiting a slow pace of life. We examined four possible ways that the traits of high‐elevation birds might correspond to the POLS continuum: ( i ) rapid pace, ( ii ) tropical slow pace, ( iii ) novel elevational pace, or ( iv ) constrained pace. Recent studies reveal that birds breeding at high elevations in temperate zones exhibit a combination of traits creating a unique elevational pace of life with a central trade‐off similar to a slow pace but physiological trade‐offs more similar to a fast pace. A paucity of studies prevents consideration of the possibility of a constrained pace of life. We propose extending the POLS framework to include trait variation of elevational clines to help to investigate complexity in global geographic patterns. DA - 2014/3/28/ PY - 2014/3/28/ DO - 10.1111/brv.12106 VL - 90 IS - 1 SP - 204-213 J2 - Biol Rev LA - en OP - SN - 1464-7931 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/brv.12106 DB - Crossref KW - life-history theory KW - altitude KW - clutch size KW - avian ER - TY - JOUR TI - Citizen Science: A Tool for Integrating Studies of Human and Natural Systems AU - Crain, Rhiannon AU - Cooper, Caren AU - Dickinson, Janis L. T2 - Annual Review of Environment and Resources AB - Citizen science has proliferated in the last decade, becoming a critical form of public engagement in science and an increasingly important research tool for the study of large-scale patterns in nature. Although citizen science is already interdisciplinary, it has untapped potential to build capacity for transformative research on coupled human and natural systems. New tools have begun to collect paired ecological and social data from the same individual; this allows for detailed examination of feedbacks at the level of individuals and potentially provides much-needed data for agent-based modeling. With the ongoing professionalization of citizen science, the field can benefit from integrating a coupled systems perspective, including a broadening of the social science perspectives considered. This can lead to new schema and platforms to increase support for large-scale research on coupled natural and human systems. DA - 2014/10/17/ PY - 2014/10/17/ DO - 10.1146/annurev-environ-030713-154609 VL - 39 IS - 1 SP - 641-665 J2 - Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. LA - en OP - SN - 1543-5938 1545-2050 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-030713-154609 DB - Crossref KW - public engagement in science KW - coupled systems KW - interdisciplinary research KW - socioecological systems KW - coupled human and natural systems KW - big data ER - TY - CHAP TI - Walter Lippmann, the indispensable opposition AU - Goodwin, Jean T2 - Trained capacities: John Dewey, rhetoric, and democratic practice A2 - Jackson, Brian A2 - Clark, Gregory PY - 2014/// SP - 142–158 PB - University of South Caroline Press ER - TY - JOUR TI - High diversity in an urban habitat: are some animal assemblages resilient to long-term anthropogenic change? AU - Guénard, Benoit AU - Cardinal-De Casas, Adrianna AU - Dunn, Robert R. T2 - Urban Ecosystems DA - 2014/8/12/ PY - 2014/8/12/ DO - 10.1007/s11252-014-0406-8 VL - 18 IS - 2 SP - 449-463 J2 - Urban Ecosyst LA - en OP - SN - 1083-8155 1573-1642 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11252-014-0406-8 DB - Crossref KW - Urban ecosystem KW - Long term study KW - Formicidae KW - Disturbance KW - Invasive species ER - TY - JOUR TI - Biodiversity Can Flourish on an Urban Planet AU - Katti, Madhusudan T2 - The Conversation DA - 2014/1/22/ PY - 2014/1/22/ UR - https://theconversation.com/biodiversity-can-flourish-on-an-urban-planet-18723 ER - TY - CONF TI - Socioeconomic Drivers of Urban Forest Structure and Diversity in the Semi–Arid San Joaquin Valley of Central California AU - Katti, Madhusudan AU - Reid, Seth T. AU - Constable, John V.H. AU - Bushoven, John T. AU - Jones, Andrew Rhys AU - Gupta, Kaberi Kar T2 - 99th ESA Annual Convention 2014 C2 - 2014/8// DA - 2014/8// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Conceptions of Speech Acts in the Theory and Practice of Argumentation: A Case Study of a Debate About Advocating AU - Goodwin, Jean T2 - Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric AB - Abstract Far from being of interest only to argumentation theorists, conceptions of speech acts play an important role in practitioners’ self-reflection on their own activities. After a brief review of work by Houtlosser, Jackson and Kauffeld on the ways that speech acts provide normative frameworks for argumentative interactions, this essay examines an ongoing debate among scientists in natural resource fields as to the appropriateness of the speech act of advocating in policy settings. Scientists’ reflections on advocacy align well with current scholarship, and the scholarship in turn can provide a deeper understanding of how to manage the communication challenges scientists face. DA - 2014/3/1/ PY - 2014/3/1/ DO - 10.2478/slgr-2014-0003 VL - 36 IS - 1 SP - 79-98 OP - SN - 0860-150X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/slgr-2014-0003 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Urbanization and its Impacts on Land Use, Biodiversity and Ecosystems in India AU - Nagendra, Harini AU - Sudhira, H.S. AU - Katti, Madhusudan AU - Tengö, Maria AU - Schewenius, Maria T2 - INTERdisciplina AB - India, a predominantly rural country, is going through a slow but constant and broad transition towards urbanization. The amount of cities and mega cities has increased from 5,161 to 7,935 in 2011. The united Nations predict that, by 2031, 15% of the urban population of the world, about 600 million people, will be living in Indian cities. This increase in urban population will cause repercussions in terms of environment, ecology and sustainability, which will manifest themselves in demands on urban services and governance of the urban ecosystem. In addition, urbanization generates significant tension in terms of land cover, native habitats, biodiversity, protected areas and services to the ecosystem that are basic for human wellbeing. In this paper we analyze some challenges and opportunities for urban development in India that include the participation of governments, private agencies, NGOs, and citizens from different social and economic strata. DA - 2014/12/11/ PY - 2014/12/11/ DO - 10.22201/ceiich.24485705e.2014.2.46532 VL - 2 IS - 2 J2 - inter OP - SN - 2448-5705 2395-969X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/ceiich.24485705e.2014.2.46532 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - La urbanización y su impacto sobre el uso de la tierra, la biodiversidad y los ecosistemas en la India AU - Nagendra, Harini AU - Sudhira, H.S. AU - Katti, Madhusudan AU - Tengö, Maria AU - Schewenius, Maria T2 - INTERdisciplina AB - La India, país predominantemente rural, está atravesando por una transición lenta, pero constante y a gran escala hacia la urbanización. La cantidad de ciudades o mega ciudades ha aumentado de 5,161 a 7,935 (2011). La ONU pronostica que para el 2031 el 15 % de la población urbana del mundo, alrededor de 600 millones de personas estarán viviendo en ciudades de este país. Este incremento de la población urbana tendrá implicaciones en el medio ambiente, la ecología y la sustentabilidad, lo que repercutirá en los servicios y en la gobernanza del ecosistema urbano. Además, la urbanización genera una tensión significativa en términos de cubierta vegetal de la tierra, hábitats nativos, biodiversidad, áreas protegidas y los servicios al ecosistema que sirven de base para el bienestar humano. En este trabajo se analizan algunos retos y oportunidades al desarrollo urbano de la India que incluye la participación del gobierno, actores privados, ONG y de ciudadanos de diferentes estratos sociales y económicos. DA - 2014/12/11/ PY - 2014/12/11/ DO - 10.22201/ceiich.24485705e.2014.2.46531 VL - 2 IS - 2 J2 - inter OP - SN - 2448-5705 2395-969X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/ceiich.24485705e.2014.2.46531 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - A global analysis of the impacts of urbanization on bird and plant diversity reveals key anthropogenic drivers AU - Aronson, M.F.J. AU - La Sorte, F.A. AU - Nilon, C.H. AU - Katti, M. AU - Goddard, M.A. AU - Lepczyk, C.A. AU - Warren, P.S. AU - Williams, N.S.G. AU - Cilliers, S. AU - Clarkson, B. AU - Dobbs, C. AU - Dolan, R. AU - Hedblom, M. AU - Klotz, S. AU - Kooijmans, J.L. AU - Kühn, I. AU - Macgregor-Fors, I. AU - Mcdonnell, M. AU - Mörtberg, U. AU - Py?ek, P. AU - Siebert, S. AU - Sushinsky, J. AU - Werner, P. AU - Winter, M. T2 - Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences AB - Urbanization contributes to the loss of the world's biodiversity and the homogenization of its biota. However, comparative studies of urban biodiversity leading to robust generalities of the status and drivers of biodiversity in cities at the global scale are lacking. Here, we compiled the largest global dataset to date of two diverse taxa in cities: birds (54 cities) and plants (110 cities). We found that the majority of urban bird and plant species are native in the world's cities. Few plants and birds are cosmopolitan, the most common being Columba livia and Poa annua . The density of bird and plant species (the number of species per km 2 ) has declined substantially: only 8% of native bird and 25% of native plant species are currently present compared with estimates of non-urban density of species. The current density of species in cities and the loss in density of species was best explained by anthropogenic features (landcover, city age) rather than by non-anthropogenic factors (geography, climate, topography). As urbanization continues to expand, efforts directed towards the conservation of intact vegetation within urban landscapes could support higher concentrations of both bird and plant species. Despite declines in the density of species, cities still retain endemic native species, thus providing opportunities for regional and global biodiversity conservation, restoration and education. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1098/rspb.2013.3330 VL - 281 IS - 1780 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84893711703&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - anthropogenic activities KW - global biodiversity KW - native species KW - density of species KW - urbanization ER - TY - JOUR TI - Known unknowns of dark matter annihilation over cosmic time AU - Mack, Katherine J. T2 - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society AB - Dark matter self-annihilation holds promise as one of the most robust mechanisms for the identification of the particle responsible for the Universe's missing mass. In this work, I examine the evolution of the dark matter annihilation power produced by smooth and collapsed structures over cosmic time, taking into account uncertainties in the structure of dark matter haloes. As we search for observational signatures of annihilation, an understanding of this time evolution will help us to best direct our observational efforts, either with local measurements or investigation of the effects of annihilation on the intergalactic medium at high redshift. As I show in this work, there are several key sources of uncertainty in our ability to estimate the dark matter annihilation from collapsed structures, including: the density profile of dark matter haloes; the small-scale cut-off in the dark matter halo mass function; the redshift-dependent mass–concentration relation for small haloes; and the particle-velocity dependence of the dark matter annihilation process. Varying assumptions about these quantities can result in annihilation power predictions that differ by several orders of magnitude. These uncertainties must be resolved, through a combination of observation and modelling, before robust estimations of the cosmological annihilation signal can be made. DA - 2014/2/20/ PY - 2014/2/20/ DO - 10.1093/mnras/stu129 VL - 439 IS - 3 SP - 2728-2735 LA - en OP - SN - 1365-2966 0035-8711 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu129 DB - Crossref KW - galaxies: formation KW - dark matter KW - large-scale structure of Universe ER - TY - JOUR TI - Too big to be noticed: cryptic invasion of Asian camel crickets in North American houses AU - Epps, Mary Jane AU - Menninger, Holly L. AU - LaSala, Nathan AU - Dunn, Robert R. T2 - PEERJ AB - Despite the rapid expansion of the built environment, we know little about the biology of species living in human-constructed habitats. Camel crickets (Rhaphidophoridae) are commonly observed in North American houses and include a range of native taxa as well as the Asian Diestrammena asynamora (Adelung), a species occasionally reported from houses though considered to be established only in greenhouses. We launched a continental-scale citizen science campaign to better understand the relative distributions and frequency of native and nonnative camel crickets in human homes across North America. Participants contributed survey data about the presence or absence of camel crickets in homes, as well as photographs and specimens of camel crickets allowing us to identify the major genera and/or species in and around houses. Together, these data offer insight into the geographical distribution of camel crickets as a presence in homes, as well as the relative frequency and distribution of native and nonnative camel crickets encountered in houses. In so doing, we show that the exotic Diestrammena asynamora not only has become a common presence in eastern houses, but is found in these environments far more frequently than native camel crickets. Supplemental pitfall trapping along transects in 10 urban yards in Raleigh, NC revealed that D. asynamora can be extremely abundant locally around some homes, with as many as 52 individuals collected from pitfalls in a single yard over two days of sampling. The number of D. asynamora individuals present in a trap was negatively correlated with the trap’s distance from a house, suggesting that these insects may be preferentially associated with houses but also are present outside. In addition, we report the establishment in the northeastern United States of a second exotic species, putatively Diestrammena japanica Blatchley, which was previously undocumented in the literature. Our results offer new insight into the relative frequency and distribution of camel crickets living in human homes, and emphasize the importance of the built environment as habitat for two little-known invading species of Orthoptera. DA - 2014/9/2/ PY - 2014/9/2/ DO - 10.7717/peerj.523 VL - 2 IS - 1 SP - SN - 2167-8359 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84907696747&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Rhaphidophoridae KW - Diestrammena KW - Invasive species KW - Urban ecology KW - Citizen science ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ant-mediated seed dispersal in a warmed world AU - Stuble, Katharine L. AU - Patterson, Courtney M. AU - Rodriguez-Cabal, Mariano A. AU - Ribbons, Relena R. AU - Dunn, Robert R. AU - Sanders, Nathan J. T2 - PEERJ AB - Climate change affects communities both directly and indirectly via changes in interspecific interactions. One such interaction that may be altered under climate change is the ant-plant seed dispersal mutualism common in deciduous forests of eastern North America. As climatic warming alters the abundance and activity levels of ants, the potential exists for shifts in rates of ant-mediated seed dispersal. We used an experimental temperature manipulation at two sites in the eastern US (Harvard Forest in Massachusetts and Duke Forest in North Carolina) to examine the potential impacts of climatic warming on overall rates of seed dispersal (using Asarum canadense seeds) as well as species-specific rates of seed dispersal at the Duke Forest site. We also examined the relationship between ant critical thermal maxima (CTmax) and the mean seed removal temperature for each ant species. We found that seed removal rates did not change as a result of experimental warming at either study site, nor were there any changes in species-specific rates of seed dispersal. There was, however, a positive relationship between CTmax and mean seed removal temperature, whereby species with higher CTmax removed more seeds at hotter temperatures. The temperature at which seeds were removed was influenced by experimental warming as well as diurnal and day-to-day fluctuations in temperature. Taken together, our results suggest that while temperature may play a role in regulating seed removal by ants, ant plant seed-dispersal mutualisms may be more robust to climate change than currently assumed. DA - 2014/3/11/ PY - 2014/3/11/ DO - 10.7717/peerj.286 VL - 2 IS - 1 SP - SN - 2167-8359 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84897937116&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Ants KW - Climate change KW - Myrmecochory KW - Seed dispersal KW - Warming ER - TY - JOUR TI - Microbial communities respond to experimental warming, but site matters AU - Cregger, Melissa A. AU - Sanders, Nathan J. AU - Dunn, Robert R. AU - Classen, Aimee T. T2 - PEERJ AB - Because microorganisms are sensitive to temperature, ongoing global warming is predicted to influence microbial community structure and function. We used large-scale warming experiments established at two sites near the northern and southern boundaries of US eastern deciduous forests to explore how microbial communities and their function respond to warming at sites with differing climatic regimes. Soil microbial community structure and function responded to warming at the southern but not the northern site. However, changes in microbial community structure and function at the southern site did not result in changes in cellulose decomposition rates. While most global change models rest on the assumption that taxa will respond similarly to warming across sites and their ranges, these results suggest that the responses of microorganisms to warming may be mediated by differences across the geographic boundaries of ecosystems. DA - 2014/4/24/ PY - 2014/4/24/ DO - 10.7717/peerj.358 VL - 2 IS - 1 SP - SN - 2167-8359 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84899109356&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Decomposition KW - Microbial communities KW - Global warming KW - Soil enzyme activity KW - Eastern deciduous forests KW - Ecosystem function ER - TY - JOUR TI - Global biogeographic regions in a human-dominated world: the case of human diseases AU - Just, Michael G. AU - Norton, Jacob F. AU - Traud, Amanda L. AU - Antonelli, Tim AU - Poteate, Aaron S. AU - Backus, Gregory A. AU - Snyder-Beattie, Andrew AU - Sanders, R. Wyatt AU - Dunn, Robert R. T2 - ECOSPHERE AB - Since the work of Alfred Russel Wallace, biologists have sought to divide the world into biogeographic regions that reflect the history of continents and evolution. These divisions not only guide conservation efforts, but are also the fundamental reference point for understanding the distribution of life. However, the biogeography of human‐associated species—such as pathogens, crops, or even house guests—has been largely ignored or discounted. As pathogens have the potential for direct consequences on the lives of humans, domestic animals, and wildlife it is prudent to examine their potential biogeographic history. Furthermore, if distinct regions exist for human‐associated pathogens, it would provide possible connections between human wellbeing and pathogen distributions, and, more generally, humans and the deep evolutionary history of the natural world. We tested for the presence of biogeographic regions for diseases of humans due to pathogens using country‐level disease composition data and compared the regions for vectored and non‐vectored diseases. We found discrete biogeographic regions for diseases, with a stronger influence of biogeography on vectored than non‐vectored diseases. We also found significant correlations between these biogeographic regions and environmental or socio‐political factors. While some biogeographic regions reflected those already documented for birds or mammals, others reflected colonial history. From the perspective of diseases caused by pathogens, humans have altered but not evaded the influence of ancient biogeography. This work is the necessary first step in examining the biogeographic relationship between humans and their associates. DA - 2014/11// PY - 2014/11// DO - 10.1890/es14-00201.1 VL - 5 IS - 11 SP - SN - 2150-8925 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84919788790&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - colonial KW - human associates KW - pathogens ER - TY - JOUR TI - Unexpected phenological responses of butterflies to the interaction of urbanization and geographic temperature AU - Diamond, Sarah E. AU - Cayton, Heather AU - Wepprich, Tyson AU - Jenkins, Clinton N. AU - Dunn, Robert R. AU - Haddad, Nick M. AU - Ries, Leslie T2 - ECOLOGY AB - Urbanization and global climate change can profoundly alter biological systems, yet scientists often analyze their effects separately. We test how the timing of life cycle events (phenology) is jointly influenced by these two components of global change. To do so, we use a long‐term phenological data set of 20 common butterfly species from 83 sites across the state of Ohio, USA, with sites that range from rural undeveloped areas to moderately sized cities. These sites span a latitudinal gradient in mean temperature of several °C, mimicking the range of projected global climate warming effects through the end of the century. Although shifts toward earlier phenology are typical of species' responses to either global climate change or urbanization, we found that their interaction delayed several Ohio butterfly species' first appearance and peak abundance phenology. Exploitative species exhibited smaller delays in first appearance and peak abundance phenology in areas that were urbanized and geographically warm. Our results show that phenological responses to urbanization are contingent upon geographic variation in temperature, and that the impacts of urbanization and global climate change should be considered simultaneously when developing forecasts of biological responses to environmental change. DA - 2014/9// PY - 2014/9// DO - 10.1890/13-1848.1 VL - 95 IS - 9 SP - 2613-2621 SN - 1939-9170 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84907211442&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - anthropogenic change KW - citizen science KW - global climate change KW - impervious surface KW - Lepidoptera KW - nonadditive effects KW - phenology KW - physiology KW - temperature KW - trait-based modeling ER - TY - JOUR TI - Thomas Aquinas on Persuasion: Action, Ends, and Natural Rhetoric AU - Zagacki, Kenneth S. T2 - RHETORIC REVIEW DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1080/07350198.2014.947880 VL - 33 IS - 4 SP - 439-442 SN - 1532-7981 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The evolution of architecture AU - Dunn, Robert T2 - Scientific American DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1038/scientificamerican1114-72 VL - 311 IS - 5 SP - 72-77 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84908193493&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Southern Megalopolis: Using the Past to Predict the Future of Urban Sprawl in the Southeast US AU - Terando, Adam J. AU - Costanza, Jennifer AU - Belyea, Curtis AU - Dunn, Robert R. AU - McKerrow, Alexa AU - Collazo, Jaime A. T2 - PLOS ONE AB - The future health of ecosystems is arguably as dependent on urban sprawl as it is on human-caused climatic warming. Urban sprawl strongly impacts the urban ecosystems it creates and the natural and agro-ecosystems that it displaces and fragments. Here, we project urban sprawl changes for the next 50 years for the fast-growing Southeast U.S. Previous studies have focused on modeling population density, but the urban extent is arguably as important as population density per se in terms of its ecological and conservation impacts. We develop simulations using the SLEUTH urban growth model that complement population-driven models but focus on spatial pattern and extent. To better capture the reach of low-density suburban development, we extend the capabilities of SLEUTH by incorporating street-network information. Our simulations point to a future in which the extent of urbanization in the Southeast is projected to increase by 101% to 192%. Our results highlight areas where ecosystem fragmentation is likely, and serve as a benchmark to explore the challenging tradeoffs between ecosystem health, economic growth and cultural desires. DA - 2014/7/23/ PY - 2014/7/23/ DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0102261 VL - 9 IS - 7 SP - SN - 1932-6203 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84904620111&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Temporal variability is a personalized feature of the human microbiome AU - Flores, Gilberto E. AU - Caporaso, J. Gregory AU - Henley, Jessica B. AU - Rideout, Jai Ram AU - Domogala, Daniel AU - Chase, John AU - Leff, Jonathan W. AU - Vazquez-Baeza, Yoshiki AU - Gonzalez, Antonio AU - Knight, Rob AU - Dunn, Robert R. AU - Fierer, Noah T2 - GENOME BIOLOGY AB - It is now apparent that the complex microbial communities found on and in the human body vary across individuals. What has largely been missing from previous studies is an understanding of how these communities vary over time within individuals. To the extent to which it has been considered, it is often assumed that temporal variability is negligible for healthy adults. Here we address this gap in understanding by profiling the forehead, gut (fecal), palm, and tongue microbial communities in 85 adults, weekly over 3 months.We found that skin (forehead and palm) varied most in the number of taxa present, whereas gut and tongue communities varied more in the relative abundances of taxa. Within each body habitat, there was a wide range of temporal variability across the study population, with some individuals harboring more variable communities than others. The best predictor of these differences in variability across individuals was microbial diversity; individuals with more diverse gut or tongue communities were more stable in composition than individuals with less diverse communities.Longitudinal sampling of a relatively large number of individuals allowed us to observe high levels of temporal variability in both diversity and community structure in all body habitats studied. These findings suggest that temporal dynamics may need to be considered when attempting to link changes in microbiome structure to changes in health status. Furthermore, our findings show that, not only is the composition of an individual's microbiome highly personalized, but their degree of temporal variability is also a personalized feature. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1186/s13059-014-0531-y VL - 15 IS - 12 SP - SN - 1474-760X UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84965187800&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ecologists, educators, and writers collaborate with the public to assess backyard diversity in The School of Ants Project AU - Lucky, Andrea AU - Savage, Amy M. AU - Nichols, Lauren M. AU - Castracani, Cristina AU - Shell, Leonora AU - Grasso, Donato A. AU - Mori, Alessandra AU - Dunn, Robert R. T2 - ECOSPHERE AB - Citizen science can generate data that would not exist otherwise while increasing public scientific literacy. However, the quality and use of citizen science data have been criticized in the recent ecological literature. We need an approach that advances eco‐evolutionary understanding, achieves education goals and incorporates public participation into as many aspects of the scientific process as possible. We collaborated with public participants to make new discoveries about the distribution and ecology of ants while informing the next studies that participants and scientists might perform together. We implemented the School of Ants (SoA) program in which participants sample ants that are identified by taxonomic experts. Using a comprehensive framework that meets the needs of multiple agents, we also developed outreach materials about ant biology, collaborated with educators to incorporate SoA into classroom science, and launched an international SoA module in Italy. In the first 17 months, SoA volunteers collected ants at 500 unique sites across the USA‐including all 50 states and Washington, D.C. To address concerns about the validity of citizen scientist‐derived data, we conducted a ground truthing trial that confirmed that trained and untrained volunteers were equally effective at collecting ants. Data from SoA samples indicate that ant diversity varies across wide geographic scales and that there can be high levels of native ant diversity where people live. SoA volunteers collected 7 exotic and 107 native ant species. Although exotic ants were common, ants native to North America occurred in ∼70% of all sites. Many of the ants common in backyards were species that tend to be very poorly studied. For example, citizen scientists documented a range extension of more than 2000 miles for the Asian Needle Ant, Pachycondyla chinensis . Using SoA data as a starting point, we collaborated with a science writer to produce a free, interactive iBook about the common ants in North America; the book included distribution maps such as that for P. chinensis informed by participant collections. Moving forward, we plan to leverage this existing framework to address more complex ecological and evolutionary questions in partnership with our public participants. DA - 2014/7// PY - 2014/7// DO - 10.1890/es13-00364.1 VL - 5 IS - 7 SP - SN - 2150-8925 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84905233273&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - ants KW - citizen science KW - distribution KW - diversity KW - public participation in scientific research KW - urban ecosystems ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ubiquity and Diversity of Human-Associated Demodex Mites AU - Thoemmes, Megan S. AU - Fergus, Daniel J. AU - Urban, Julie AU - Trautwein, Michelle AU - Dunn, Robert R. T2 - PLOS ONE AB - Demodex mites are a group of hair follicle and sebaceous gland-dwelling species. The species of these mites found on humans are arguably the animals with which we have the most intimate interactions. Yet, their prevalence and diversity have been poorly explored. Here we use a new molecular method to assess the occurrence of Demodex mites on humans. In addition, we use the 18S rRNA gene (18S rDNA) to assess the genetic diversity and evolutionary history of Demodex lineages. Within our samples, 100% of people over 18 years of age appear to host at least one Demodex species, suggesting that Demodex mites may be universal associates of adult humans. A phylogenetic analysis of 18S rDNA reveals intraspecific structure within one of the two named human-associated Demodex species, D. brevis. The D. brevis clade is geographically structured, suggesting that new lineages are likely to be discovered as humans from additional geographic regions are sampled. DA - 2014/8/27/ PY - 2014/8/27/ DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0106265 VL - 9 IS - 8 SP - SN - 1932-6203 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84925470906&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - How many and which ant species are being accidentally moved around the world? AU - Miravete, Verónica AU - Roura-Pascual, Núria AU - Dunn, Robert R. AU - Gómez, Crisanto T2 - Biology Letters AB - Human transportation facilitates the dispersal of exotic ants, but few studies have quantified the magnitude and geography of these movements. We used several non-parametric indexes to estimate the number of species successfully introduced to or established in new regions. We also compared their source biogeographic realms to assess the importance of the geographical origin in determining the likelihood of establishment after introduction. Data on exotic ants derive from studies of three temperate regions. Our results suggest that the numbers of introduced or established ants may be much larger than the numbers so far documented. Ants introduced or established in new regions tend to arrive from the same or neighbouring realms, as would be expected if exotic species tend to match climates and if arrival/establishment is dependent upon higher trade rates from neighbouring countries. DA - 2014/8// PY - 2014/8// DO - 10.1098/rsbl.2014.0518 VL - 10 IS - 8 SP - 20140518 J2 - Biol. Lett. LA - en OP - SN - 1744-9561 1744-957X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2014.0518 DB - Crossref KW - biological invasions KW - exotic species KW - formicidae KW - richness estimator ER - TY - JOUR TI - Geographic differences in effects of experimental warming on ant species diversity and community composition AU - Pelini, S. L. AU - Diamond, S. E. AU - Nichols, L. M. AU - Stuble, K. L. AU - Ellison, A. M. AU - Sanders, N. J. AU - Dunn, R. R. AU - Gotelli, N. J. T2 - ECOSPHERE AB - Ecological communities are being reshaped by climatic change. Losses and gains of species will alter community composition and diversity but these effects are likely to vary geographically and may be hard to predict from uncontrolled “natural experiments”. In this study, we used open‐top warming chambers to simulate a range of warming scenarios for ground‐nesting ant communities at a northern (Harvard Forest, MA) and southern (Duke Forest, NC) study site in the eastern US. After 2.5 years of experimental warming, we found no significant effects of accumulated growing degree days or soil moisture on ant diversity or community composition at the northern site, but a decrease in asymptotic species richness and changes in community composition at the southern site. However, fewer than 10% of the species at either site responded significantly to the warming treatments. Our results contrast with those of a comparable natural experiment conducted along a nearby elevational gradient, in which species richness and composition responded strongly to changes in temperature and other correlated variables. Together, our findings provide some support for the prediction that warming will have a larger negative effect on ecological communities in warmer locales at lower latitudes and suggest that predicted responses to warming may differ between controlled field experiments and unmanipulated thermal gradients. DA - 2014/10// PY - 2014/10// DO - 10.1890/es14-00143.1 VL - 5 IS - 10 SP - SN - 2150-8925 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84919786449&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - ants KW - climate change KW - community KW - elevational gradient KW - Formicidae KW - geographic range KW - warming experiment ER - TY - JOUR TI - Early pest development and loss of biological control are associated with urban warming AU - Meineke, Emily K. AU - Dunn, Robert R. AU - Frank, Steven D. T2 - BIOLOGY LETTERS AB - Climate warming is predicted to cause many changes in ectotherm communities, one of which is phenological mismatch, wherein one species' development advances relative to an associated species or community. Phenological mismatches already lead to loss of pollination services, and we predict that they also cause loss of biological control. Here, we provide evidence that a pest develops earlier due to urban warming but that phenology of its parasitoid community does not similarly advance. This mismatch is associated with greater egg production that likely leads to more pests on trees. DA - 2014/11/1/ PY - 2014/11/1/ DO - 10.1098/rsbl.2014.0586 VL - 10 IS - 11 SP - SN - 1744-957X UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84961991682&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - climate change KW - urban ecology KW - ecosystem services KW - parasitoid ER - TY - JOUR TI - Meet the lodgers AU - Dunn, Rob T2 - NEW SCIENTIST AB - Your house contains an entire ecosystem of organisms whose fate is in your hands, says evolutionary biologist Rob Dunn DA - 2014/8/23/ PY - 2014/8/23/ DO - 10.1016/s0262-4079(14)61630-4 VL - 223 IS - 2983 SP - 34-37 SN - 0262-4079 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84907371173&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Key players and hierarchical organization of prairie dog social networks AU - Verdolin, Jennifer L. AU - Traud, Amanda L. AU - Dunn, Robert R. T2 - ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY AB - The use of social network theory in evaluating animal social groups has gained traction in recent years. Despite the utility of social network analysis in describing attributes of social groups, it remains unclear how comparable this approach is to traditional behavioral observational studies. Using data on Gunnison's prairie dog (Cynomys gunnisoni) social interactions we describe social networks from three populations. We then compare those social networks to groups identified by traditional behavioral approaches and explore whether individuals group together based on similarities. The social groups identified by social network analysis were consistent with those identified by more traditional behavioral approaches. However, fine-grained social sub-structuring was revealed only with social network analysis. We found variation in the patterns of interactions among prairie dog social groups that was largely independent of the behavioral attributes or genetics of the individuals within those groups. We detected that some social groups include disproportionately well-connected individuals acting as hubs or bridges. This study contributes to a growing body of evidence that social networks analysis is a robust and efficient tool for examining social dynamics. DA - 2014/9// PY - 2014/9// DO - 10.1016/j.ecocom.2014.06.003 VL - 19 SP - 140-147 SN - 1476-9840 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84903905547&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Social networks KW - Community detection KW - Sociality KW - Cynomys KW - Social substructure ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ectoparasites in Black-footed Ferrets (Mustela nigripes) from the Largest Reintroduced Population of the Conata Basin, South Dakota, USA AU - Harris, Nyeema C. AU - Livieri, Travis M. AU - Dunn, Robert R. T2 - JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES AB - The black-footed ferret, Mustela nigripes, is an endangered carnivore endemic to the grasslands of North America. We present the first investigation of ectoparasites associated with black-footed ferrets since reintroduction. We sampled more than 200 individuals from one of the largest and most successful reintroduced populations located in the Conata Basin of South Dakota, USA. We compared our findings with ectoparasite assemblages of sympatric carnivores and historic ferret records. We collected more than 1,000 ectoparasites consisting mainly of three flea and tick species, two of which were known historically from South Dakota. Despite our extensive sampling efforts, we did not detect any lice. This is notable because a putative host-specific louse, Neotrichodectes sp., was presumed to have gone extinct when black-footed ferrets were extirpated from the wild. The ectoparasite assemblage on black-footed ferrets comprised only generalist parasites, particularly those found on their prey such as prairie dogs (Cynomys sp.). Oropsylla hirsuta was the most abundant ectoparasite, representing 57% of all ectoparasites detected; a flea vector important in the persistence and transmission of plague. Black-footed ferrets like other endangered species undergo repeated parasite removal and vaccination efforts to facilitate population recovery, which may have unintentionally contributed to their depauperate ectoparasite community. DA - 2014/4// PY - 2014/4// DO - 10.7589/2013-03-048 VL - 50 IS - 2 SP - 340-343 SN - 1943-3700 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84921425016&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Coextinction KW - diversity KW - Oropsylla hirsuta KW - parasite KW - plague KW - prairie dog KW - recovery ER - TY - JOUR TI - EFFECTS OF SUBSTRATE TYPE ON DEMOGRAPHIC RATES OF EASTERN OYSTER (CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA) AU - Dunn, Robert P. AU - Eggleston, David B. AU - Lindquist, Niels T2 - JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH AB - Several restored oyster (Crassostrea virginica Gmelin) reefs in Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, have experienced recent population crashes, potentially caused in part by clionid boring sponge infestation of the marl rock (a calcium carbonatemud composite material) commonly used as a reef substrate and of the shells of oysters that colonize the marl reef foundation. The composition and porosity of marl may make it vulnerable to infestation by carbonate bioeroders, particularly clionid sponges. The objective of this study was to quantify the effects of carbonate (CaCO3; oyster shell, marl) versus noncarbonate (non-CaCO3; granite, concrete) reef-building substrates on C. virginica demographic rates, including oyster density and oyster growth, on experimental reefs constructed along the salinity gradients of two estuaries in coastal North Carolina. There were no differences in oyster density among substrate types through the first 6 mo of reef sampling, although at 12 mo after reef construction, differences in density among substrates had emerged. Sites in high-salinity areas had much greater oyster recruitment than up-estuary, lower salinity locations. Early-life growth (<6 mo) of oysters was assessed for recruits to experimental reefs, with few differences seen in oyster mean valve length or growth rate on different substrate types. These results support consideration of non-CaCO3 materials, particularly concrete, for future oyster reef restoration, especially in high-salinity areas where the boring sponge Cliona is abundant, because both oyster density and growth were similar on oyster shell and concrete substrates as long as 1 y after reef construction. DA - 2014/4// PY - 2014/4// DO - 10.2983/035.033.0117 VL - 33 IS - 1 SP - 177-185 SN - 1943-6319 KW - oyster KW - Crassostrea virginica KW - restoration KW - bioerosion KW - clionid sponge KW - salinity KW - recruitment KW - growth ER - TY - JOUR TI - Are winter-active species vulnerable to climate warming? A case study with the wintergreen terrestrial orchid, Tipularia discolor AU - Marchin, Renee M. AU - Dunn, Robert R. AU - Hoffmann, William A. T2 - OECOLOGIA DA - 2014/12// PY - 2014/12// DO - 10.1007/s00442-014-3074-8 VL - 176 IS - 4 SP - 1161-1172 SN - 1432-1939 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84921938451&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Experimental warming KW - Vapor pressure deficit KW - Reproduction KW - Photosynthesis KW - Temperate forest understory ER - TY - JOUR TI - Predicting future coexistence in a North American ant community AU - Bewick, Sharon AU - Stuble, Katharine L. AU - Lessard, Jean-Phillipe AU - Dunn, Robert R. AU - Adler, Frederick R. AU - Sanders, Nathan J. T2 - ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION AB - Global climate change will remodel ecological communities worldwide. However, as a consequence of biotic interactions, communities may respond to climate change in idiosyncratic ways. This makes predictive models that incorporate biotic interactions necessary. We show how such models can be constructed based on empirical studies in combination with predictions or assumptions regarding the abiotic consequences of climate change. Specifically, we consider a well-studied ant community in North America. First, we use historical data to parameterize a basic model for species coexistence. Using this model, we determine the importance of various factors, including thermal niches, food discovery rates, and food removal rates, to historical species coexistence. We then extend the model to predict how the community will restructure in response to several climate-related changes, such as increased temperature, shifts in species phenology, and altered resource availability. Interestingly, our mechanistic model suggests that increased temperature and shifts in species phenology can have contrasting effects. Nevertheless, for almost all scenarios considered, we find that the most subordinate ant species suffers most as a result of climate change. More generally, our analysis shows that community composition can respond to climate warming in nonintuitive ways. For example, in the context of a community, it is not necessarily the most heat-sensitive species that are most at risk. Our results demonstrate how models that account for niche partitioning and interspecific trade-offs among species can be used to predict the likely idiosyncratic responses of local communities to climate change. DA - 2014/5// PY - 2014/5// DO - 10.1002/ece3.1048 VL - 4 IS - 10 SP - 1804-1819 SN - 2045-7758 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84900867402&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Ant communities KW - climate change KW - differential equations KW - mechanistic models KW - species interactions ER - TY - JOUR TI - Using Historical and Experimental Data to Reveal Warming Effects on Ant Assemblages AU - Resasco, Julian AU - Pelini, Shannon L. AU - Stuble, Katharine L. AU - Sanders, Nathan J. AU - Dunn, Robert R. AU - Diamond, Sarah E. AU - Ellison, Aaron M. AU - Gotelli, Nicholas J. AU - Levey, Douglas J. T2 - PLOS ONE AB - Historical records of species are compared with current records to elucidate effects of recent climate change. However, confounding variables such as succession, land-use change, and species invasions make it difficult to demonstrate a causal link between changes in biota and changes in climate. Experiments that manipulate temperature can overcome this issue of attribution, but long-term impacts of warming are difficult to test directly. Here we combine historical and experimental data to explore effects of warming on ant assemblages in southeastern US. Observational data span a 35-year period (1976-2011), during which mean annual temperatures had an increasing trend. Mean summer temperatures in 2010-2011 were ∼ 2.7 °C warmer than in 1976. Experimental data come from an ongoing study in the same region, for which temperatures have been increased ∼ 1.5-5.5 °C above ambient from 2010 to 2012. Ant species richness and evenness decreased with warming under natural but not experimental warming. These discrepancies could have resulted from differences in timescales of warming, abiotic or biotic factors, or initial species pools. Species turnover tended to increase with temperature in observational and experimental datasets. At the species level, the observational and experimental datasets had four species in common, two of which exhibited consistent patterns between datasets. With natural and experimental warming, collections of the numerically dominant, thermophilic species, Crematogaster lineolata, increased roughly two-fold. Myrmecina americana, a relatively heat intolerant species, decreased with temperature in natural and experimental warming. In contrast, species in the Solenopsis molesta group did not show consistent responses to warming, and Temenothorax pergandei was rare across temperatures. Our results highlight the difficulty of interpreting community responses to warming based on historical records or experiments alone. Because some species showed consistent responses to warming based on thermal tolerances, understanding functional traits may prove useful in explaining responses of species to warming. DA - 2014/2/4/ PY - 2014/2/4/ DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0088029 VL - 9 IS - 2 SP - SN - 1932-6203 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84895171517&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - How many and which ant species are being accidentally moved around the world? (Retraction of vol 9, 20130540, 2013) AU - Miravete, Veronica AU - Roura-Pascual, Nuria AU - Dunn, Robert R. AU - Gomez, Crisanto T2 - BIOLOGY LETTERS AB - You have accessMoreSectionsView PDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Cite this article Miravete Verónica, Roura-Pascual Núria, Dunn Robert R. and Gómez Crisanto 2014How many and which ant species are being accidentally moved around the world?Biol. Lett.102014050420140504http://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2014.0504SectionYou have accessRetractionsHow many and which ant species are being accidentally moved around the world? Verónica Miravete Verónica Miravete Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , Núria Roura-Pascual Núria Roura-Pascual Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , Robert R. Dunn Robert R. Dunn Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author and Crisanto Gómez Crisanto Gómez Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author Verónica Miravete Verónica Miravete Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , Núria Roura-Pascual Núria Roura-Pascual Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , Robert R. Dunn Robert R. Dunn Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author and Crisanto Gómez Crisanto Gómez Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author Published:01 July 2014https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2014.0504This article retracts the followingResearch ArticleHow many and which ant species are being accidentally moved around the world?https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2013.0540 Verónica Miravete, Núria Roura-Pascual, Robert R. Dunn and Crisanto Gómez volume 9issue 5Biology Letters23 October 2013Biol. Lett.9, 20130540 (Published 14 August 2013). (doi:10.1098/rsbl.2013.0540)Herewith, we retract our paper ‘How many and which ant species are being accidentally moved around the world?’ by Verónica Miravete et al., published online on 23 October 2013 (Biol. Lett.9, 20130540; doi:10.1098/rsbl.2013.0540). After careful examination of the original data on introduced and established ants on regions worldwide, we realized that we used a wrong list of species and omitted to include a reference (Sarnat E. (2012) North America checklist. Antkey . Extracted 3 June 2014) in the paper. Although the main arguments and conclusions remain the same after correcting these errors, the use of the wrong version of the data affected the magnitude of the analyses conducted at the country level (in the electronic supplementary material) and, to a lesser extent, when all countries were considered together (in the main text). Therefore, we wish to retract the article. We deeply apologize for any inconvenience this publication might have caused to the readers of Biology Letters.Verónica MiraveteFacultat de Ciències, Departament de Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spaine-mail: [email protected]Núria Roura-PascualFacultat de Ciències, Departament de Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spaine-mail: [email protected]Robert R. DunnDepartment of Biology, The W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7617, USAe-mail: [email protected]Crisanto GómezFacultat de Ciències, Departament de Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spaine-mail: [email protected] Previous Article VIEW FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD PDF FiguresRelatedReferencesDetailsCited by Bertelsmeier C (2021) Globalization and the anthropogenic spread of invasive social insects, Current Opinion in Insect Science, 10.1016/j.cois.2021.01.006, 46, (16-23), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2021. Related articlesHow many and which ant species are being accidentally moved around the world?23 October 2013Biology Letters This IssueJuly 2014Volume 10Issue 7 Article InformationDOI:https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2014.0504PubMed:24994906Published by:Royal SocietyOnline ISSN:1744-957XHistory: Published online01/07/2014Published in print31/07/2014 License:© 2014 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved. Citations and impact Large datasets are available through Biology Letters' partnership with Dryad DA - 2014/7// PY - 2014/7// DO - 10.1098/rsbl.2014.0504 VL - 10 IS - 7 SP - SN - 1744-957X UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84906071049&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Interactions in a warmer world: effects of experimental warming, conspecific density, and herbivory on seedling dynamics AU - Burt, Melissa A. AU - Dunn, Robert R. AU - Nichols, Lauren M. AU - Sanders, Nathan J. T2 - ECOSPHERE AB - Many effects of a changing climate for organisms, populations, and ecosystems are already apparent. Less studied are the effects of increases in temperature on species interactions. While warming may potentially alter interactions among species, species interactions may also mediate individual species responses to ongoing climatic change. In this experiment we manipulated temperature in field‐based, open‐top chambers for three years to examine the relationship between biotic interactions and climatic warming on the population dynamics of seedlings of Quercus alba . We investigated the effect of warming on rates of insect herbivory on Q. alba seedlings. Additionally, we assessed the relative effects of increasing temperature, insect herbivory, and conspecific density on seedling survival. We found two unexpected results. First, we observed a negative relationship between temperature and levels of insect herbivory during each year of the experiment. Second, higher levels of herbivory were associated with higher rates of survival to the second year of the study. Although we never detected a direct effect of conspecific density on seedling survival, herbivory and conspecific seedling density did interact to influence Q. alba seedling survival early in the experiment. Taken together, our results indicate species responses to climatic warming may be contingent on intra‐ and interspecific interactions, sometimes in complicated and counter‐intuitive ways. DA - 2014/1// PY - 2014/1// DO - 10.1890/es13-00198.1 VL - 5 IS - 1 SP - SN - 2150-8925 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84900003628&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - active warming KW - climatic warming KW - insect herbivory KW - interspecific interaction KW - intraspecific interaction KW - Quercus alba KW - warming experiment KW - white oak ER - TY - JOUR TI - Changes in ant community composition caused by 20 years of experimental warming vs. 13 years of natural climate shift AU - Menke, Sean B. AU - Harte, John AU - Dunn, Robert R. T2 - ECOSPHERE AB - Predicting the effects of climate change on community composition is hampered by the lack of integration between long term data sets tracking the effects of natural climate change and the results of experimental climate manipulations. Here we compare the effects of change in climate through time to experimental warming on the composition of high elevation ant communities at the Rocky Mountain Biological Station in Gothic Colorado. We take advantage of a 20‐year continuously running warming experiment which has increased soil temperature by 1.5°C and advanced snowmelt by 10 days and compare the effects of this experimental warming to natural changes in climate over the past 13 years across three sites spread along a 420‐m elevation gradient representing a roughly 1°C difference in average annual soil temperature and average advanced snowmelt of 2 weeks. We compared ant community data collected at all four sites in 1997 to collections made at the same sites in 2010. From 1997 to 2010 there was a community wide shift in ant composition along the natural climate gradient with ant communities shifting to higher elevations. Ant communities in the experimental warming site also changed, but they shifted orthogonally to those along the gradient. Interestingly, after 20 years of experimental warming, there is little discernible effect on ant communities in experimentally warmed plots compared to control plots. This discrepancy between the climate manipulation and elevation gradient is probably an effect of the spatial scale of the experimental warming. Ants respond to experimental warming in complex ways due to the physical location of their nests and their foraging area. This is a concern for warming experiments, but one that is hard to address for species that cover even modest areas in their foraging. DA - 2014/1// PY - 2014/1// DO - 10.1890/es13-00234.1 VL - 5 IS - 1 SP - SN - 2150-8925 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84900011363&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - climate change KW - community composition KW - elevation gradient KW - Formicidae KW - Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory KW - warming experiment ER -