TY - RPRT TI - Vacuum Drum Planters AU - Hassan, A.E. AU - Hassan, H. DA - 1981/12/22/ PY - 1981/12/22/ M1 - US4306509A M3 - Patent SN - US4306509A ER - TY - JOUR TI - Chemistry and biochemistry of superoxide dismutases AU - Hassan, H.M. AU - Fridovich, I. T2 - European Journal of Rheumatology and Inflammation DA - 1981/// PY - 1981/// VL - 4 SP - 160-172 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Superoxide and superoxide dismutases in Escherichia coli: threat and defense AU - Hassan, H.M. T2 - Membranes, Molecules, Toxins, and Cells A2 - Bloch, K. A2 - Bolis, L. A2 - Tosteson, D.C. A2 - Wright, J. PY - 1981/// SP - 123 -133 PB - PSG Inc SN - 0884163091 9780884163091 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Relationship of body weight loss during a forced molt of commercial layers to optimum postmolt performance AU - Baker, Michael AU - Brake, J. T2 - Highlights of Agricultural Research DA - 1981/// PY - 1981/// VL - 28 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Recrudescence of the thymus with repopulation of lymphocytes during an artificially induced molt of the domestic chicken: Proposed model system AU - Brake, J. AU - Morgan, G.W. AU - Thaxton, P. T2 - Developmental & Comparative Immunology AB - Thymic recrudescence accompanied by a lymphocytic repopulation was induced in Single Comb White Leghorn (SCWL) hens by an artificially induced molt. Molting induction involved manipulating the photoperiod combined with periods of food and water deprivation. Thymic recrudescence was evidenced by an increase in size and number of thymic lobes and repopulation of cortical lymphocytes. Lymphocytic repopulation occurred only in molting hens, and upon resumption of reproduction, the thymus again regressed. Artificially induced molting is a model system for studying the immunologic, physiologic, and endocrinologic effects of lymphocytic repopulation in the thymus. DA - 1981/// PY - 1981/// DO - 10.1016/s0145-305x(81)80012-2 VL - 5 SP - 105–112 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Physiological profile of caged layers during one production year, molt, and postmolt - Organ weights and blood constituents AU - Brake, J. AU - Garlich, J.D. AU - Parkhurst, C.R. AU - Thaxton, P. AU - Morgan, G.W. T2 - Poultry Science AB - Single Comb White Leghorn (SCWL) hens were sampled at 3 month intervals during a production season, a forced molt, and for 2 months postmolt. At each sampling time serum and organ weights were obtained. Body weight, liver weight, ovary weight, oviduct weight, right adrenal weight, spleen weight, adrenal cholesterol, hematocrit, hemoglobin, serum glucose, serum cholesterol, and serum total protein were determined. An increase in body weight and stable relative organ weights were observed throughout the season as well as fluctuations of blood constituents due to age, reproductive status, environmental effects, and forced molting. DA - 1981/// PY - 1981/// DO - 10.3382/ps.0602157 VL - 60 SP - 2157–2160 ER - TY - MGZN TI - Force molting commercial layers AU - Brake, John T. T2 - Poultry International DA - 1981/3// PY - 1981/3// VL - 20 M1 - 3 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Factors affecting broiler breeder performance. 4. The interrelationship of some reproductive traits AU - McDaniel, G.R. AU - Brake, J. AU - Eckman, M.K. T2 - Poultry Science AB - A series of experiments was conducted to determine the interrelationship of some reproductive traits in pullet and force-molted broiler breeder females. Correlation coefficients were obtained among fertility, hatch of fertile eggs, egg shell quality (specific gravity), hen-day production, and body weight. Body weight was negatively correlated with all traits except egg weight. Egg shell quality exhibited a consistently significant positive correlation with fertility. Eggs with specific gravities of <1.080 had lower fertility and hatch and higher early and late embryonic mortality than eggs with specific gravities >1.080. Additionally, duration of fertility was longer in hens producing eggs with higher specific gravities. Fertility was also positively correlated with hatch and hen-day production in pullets but not with force-molted hens. Hatch and hen-day production were found to consistently exhibit a positive correlation. DA - 1981/// PY - 1981/// DO - 10.3382/ps.0601792 VL - 60 SP - 1792–1797 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Factors affecting broiler breeder performance. 1. Relationship of daily feed intake level to reproductive performance of pullets AU - McDaniel, G.R. AU - Brake, J. AU - Bushong, R.D. T2 - Poultry Science AB - Five feeding regimens, using four restriction levels and full feed, were tested to determine the effects of feed restriction on reproductive performance of broiler breeders. At 31, 39, and 52 weeks of age, females were artificially inseminated on two consecutive days with .05 cc semen from males of the same age, and eggs were collected for 9 days and incubated at each production period. In general, females that received the higher levels of feed exhibited lower egg production, lower fertility, and hatchability, heavier body and egg weights, and poorer shell quality. Fertility, shell quality, and production were not influenced by feeding regimens at 31 weeks of age; whereas, feeding regimens significantly affected these traits at 39 and 52 weeks of age. DA - 1981/// PY - 1981/// DO - 10.3382/ps.0600307 VL - 60 SP - 307–312 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Factors affecting broiler breeder performance AU - Brake, J. AU - McDaniel, G.R. T2 - Poultry Science AB - Two experiments were conducted to assess the relationship of body weight during a 12-day fast to postmolt performance of broiler breeder hens. The hens were individually caged Hubbard broiler breeders and were force molted by reducing the photoperiod, withdrawing feed for 12 days, and withdrawing water for 2 days. Body weight change during the fast was expressed as either body weight loss (LOSS) during the 12-day fast or as the body weight (BDWT) on Day 12. Egg production, egg shell quality (specific gravity), and egg weight were assessed for seven or eight 28-day periods. Fertility and hatch of fertile eggs were also determined. Improved postmolt egg production and reduced egg weight were more closely associated with BDWT than LOSS. No other consistent relationship was found. These data demonstrated that a body weight of approximately 2.4 to 3.0 kg must be reached during a fast to maximize postmolt egg production under these experimental conditions. DA - 1981/// PY - 1981/// DO - 10.3382/ps.0600726 VL - 60 SP - 726–729 ER - TY - JOUR TI - EFFECT OF INSEMINATION INTERVALS ON OVIDUCAL SPERM STORAGE IN TURKEYS AU - CHRISTENSEN, VL T2 - POULTRY SCIENCE AB - Filling and emptying of sperm storage sites of the turkey oviduct were studied using tandem inseminations with semen from bronze and white males. Fertility was better among hens inseminated at weekly intervals than those inseminated at biweekly intervals. The rate of gland filling and emptying was unaffected by weekly and biweekly insemination intervals. However, gland filling and emptying were affected when the birds were inseminated early in a reproductive cycle, and stratification of spermatozoa occurred within the sperm-host glands. Stratification may have occurred to a lesser degree late in the reproductive cycle. It is suggested that sperm storage glands fill and empty at the same rates early and late in a breeding cycle, but fewer glands contain spermatozoa in the latter part of the season, resulting in a decreased fertility. DA - 1981/// PY - 1981/// DO - 10.3382/ps.0602150 VL - 60 IS - 9 SP - 2150-2156 SN - 0032-5791 ER -