TY - JOUR TI - Economically important production traits and enteric health of broilers fed free or lipid matrix-encapsulated vitamin and trace mineral elements at recommended and reduced levels AU - Wedegaertner, O. AU - Chadwick, E. AU - Beckstead, R. AU - Santin, E. AU - Bodin, J.C.Fontaine AU - Ferket, P. T2 - Poultry Science DA - 2019/// PY - 2019/// VL - 98 IS - E-Supplement 1 SP - 6 M3 - Abstract ER - TY - JOUR TI - In ovo feeding dose response of Clostrideale strains on hatch and early growth performance AU - Abousaad, S. AU - Malheiros, R. AU - Jones, S. AU - Tracy, B. AU - Ferket, P. T2 - Poultry Science DA - 2019/// PY - 2019/// VL - 98 IS - E-Supplement 1 SP - 55 M3 - Abstract ER - TY - JOUR TI - The effects of feeding high-oleic peanuts on the growth performance of broilers AU - Sanders, E. AU - Livingston, M. AU - Wall, B. AU - Vu, T. AU - Malheiros, R. AU - Livingston, K. AU - Carvalho, L. AU - Ferket, P. AU - Toomer, O. T2 - Poultry Science DA - 2019/// PY - 2019/// VL - 98 IS - E-Supplement 1 SP - 75 M3 - Abstract ER - TY - CONF TI - Feed ingredient handling characteristic evaluation of lipid encapsulated versus non-encapsulated poultry vitamin and trace mineral premixes AU - Wedegaertner, O. AU - Farhrenholz, A. AU - Bodin, J.C. AU - Fountaine, J. AU - Ferket, P. T2 - 2019 International Poultry Scientific Forum C2 - 2019/// C3 - 2019 International Poultry Scientific Forum Abstracts DA - 2019/// PY - 2019/// UR - http://www.southernpoultrysciencesociety.org/pdfs/19-SPSS-Abstract-Book.pdf ER - TY - CONF TI - Effect of dietary calcium to non-phytate phosphorus ratio on growth performance of broilers raised under low and high heat stress tropical conditions AU - Ramos de Meja, L.J. AU - Camacho, H. AU - Ugalde, H. AU - Menjivar, M. AU - Cura, E. AU - Ferket, P. T2 - 2019 International Poultry Scientific Forum C2 - 2019/// C3 - 2019 International Poultry Scientific Forum Abstracts DA - 2019/// PY - 2019/// UR - http://www.southernpoultrysciencesociety.org/pdfs/19-SPSS-Abstract-Book.pdf ER - TY - CONF TI - The animal food and nutrition consortium established to fund pre-competitive research, outreach, and career development AU - Redhead, A. AU - Ferket, P. T2 - 2019 International Poultry Scientific Forum C2 - 2019/// C3 - 2019 International Poultry Scientific Forum Abstracts DA - 2019/// PY - 2019/// SP - 60 UR - http://www.southernpoultrysciencesociety.org/pdfs/19-SPSS-Abstract-Book.pdf ER - TY - CONF TI - In ovo feeding dose response of probiotic Clostridium species on hatch performance and hatchling quality of broilers AU - Abousaad, S. AU - Ferket, P. AU - Malheiros, R. AU - Jones, S. AU - Tracy, B. T2 - 2019 Southern Poultry Science Forum C2 - 2019/// C3 - 2019 Southern Poultry Science Forum Abstracts DA - 2019/// PY - 2019/// SP - 82 UR - http://www.southernpoultrysciencesociety.org/pdfs/19-SPSS-Abstract-Book.pdf ER - TY - CONF TI - Impact of Balancius supplementation on broiler performance AU - Ward, N.E. AU - Levy, A.W. AU - Malheiros, R.D. AU - Ferket, P.R. T2 - 2019 International Poultry Scientific Forum C2 - 2019/// C3 - 2019 International Poultry Scientific Forum Abstracts DA - 2019/// PY - 2019/// SP - 99 UR - http://www.southernpoultrysciencesociety.org/pdfs/19-SPSS-Abstract-Book.pdf ER - TY - CONF TI - Effect of early nutrition to improve the development of enteric disease AU - Ferket, P.R. T2 - XXIst WVPAC 2019 C2 - 2019/// C3 - Proceedings XXIst WVPAC 2019 CY - Bangkok, Thailand DA - 2019/// PY - 2019/9/16/ ER - TY - CONF TI - How to manage the enteric ecosystem for optimum gut health AU - Ferket, P.R. T2 - XXIst WVPAC 2019 C2 - 2019/// C3 - Proceedings XXIst WVPAC 2019 CY - Bangkok, Thailand DA - 2019/// PY - 2019/9/16/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Isolation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells from broiler chicken compact bones AU - Adhikari, R. AU - Chen, C. AU - Waters, E. AU - West, F.D. AU - Kim, W.K. T2 - Frontiers in Physiology AB - Chicken mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be used as an avian culture model to better understand osteogenic, adipogenic, and myogenic pathways and to identify unique bioactive nutrients and molecules which can promote or inhibit these pathways. MSCs could also be used as a model to study various developmental, physiological, and therapeutic processes in avian and other species. MSCs are multipotent stem cells that are capable of differentiation into bone, muscle, fat, and closely related lineages and express unique and specific cell surface markers. MSCs have been isolated from numerous sources including human, mouse, rabbit, and chicken with potential clinical and agricultural applications. MSCs from chicken compact bones have not been isolated and characterized yet. In this study, MSCs were isolated from compact bones of the femur and tibia of day-old male broiler chicks to investigate the biological characteristics of the isolated cells. Isolated cells took 8-10 days to expand, demonstrated a monolayer growth pattern and were plastic adherent. Putative MSCs were spindle-shaped with elongated ends and showed rapid proliferation. MSCs demonstrated osteoblastic, adipocytic, and myogenic differentiation when induced with specific differentiation media. Cell surface markers for MSCs such as CD90, CD105, CD73, CD44 were detected positive and CD31, CD34, and CD45 cells were detected negative by PCR assay. The results suggest that MSCs isolated from broiler compact bones (cBMSCs) possess similar biological characteristics as MSCs isolated from other chicken tissue sources. DA - 2019/// PY - 2019/// DO - 10.3389/fphys.2018.01892 VL - 10 IS - JAN UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85065466098&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - mesenchymal stem cells KW - isolation KW - broiler KW - biological characteristics KW - pluripotency ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of lysophospholipid on growth performance, carcass yield, intestinal development, and bone quality in broilers AU - Chen, C. AU - Jung, B. AU - Kim, W.K. T2 - Poultry Science AB - A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementing different levels of lysophospholipid (LPL) to normal or reduced energy diets on growth performance, carcass yield, intestinal morphology, and skeletal development in broilers. A total of 960 one-day-old Cobb 500 male birds were allocated using a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement with 2 energy levels (NE: normal and RE: 100 kcal/kg metabolizable energy reduction) and 4 LPL supplement levels (0, 0.025, 0.050, and 0.075%). Three diet phases were fed throughout the trial: starter (days 0 to 7), grower (days 8 to 21), and finisher (days 22 to 42) phases. Body weight (BW), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio were calculated at the end of each phase. At day 7 and 21, duodenum and jejunum samples were collected for intestinal morphology and claudin-3 expression analyses, and tibia were sampled for bone quality analyses. At day 42, 4 birds per replicate were selected to measure carcass yield. The results showed low metabolizable energy diets impaired bird’s growth performance, intestine development, and bone quality. The 0.075% LPL supplement in NE improved BW, BW gain, and FI in the finisher and overall period compared with no LPL supplement in NE (P < 0.05). In RE, the 0.025% LPL supplement significantly improved growth performance compared to the other treatments in RE (P < 0.05). The interactions on processing parameters were detected with LPL supplement in NE diets; 0.025, 0.05, and 0.075% LPL supplements significantly increased pectoral major percentages compared to the one without LPL supplement in NE (P < 0.05). The 0.075% LPL supplement increased dressing percentage (cold carcass weight/live BW) compared with the others (P < 0.05). The intestine morphology results showed LPL had positive effects on intestine development mainly during the early age (day 7) and claudin-3 expression at both day 7 and 21. Furthermore, LPL supplement significantly increased the total Ca and P deposition and positively affected the bone structure development. In summary, dietary LPL supplementation promoted growth performance, carcass yield, intestinal development, intestinal health, and bone quality. DA - 2019/// PY - 2019/// DO - 10.3382/ps/pez111 VL - 98 IS - 9 SP - 3902-3913 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85071706388&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - lysophospholipids KW - growth performance KW - carcass yield KW - intestinal development KW - bone quality ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ceftiofur formulation differentially affects the intestinal drug concentration, resistance of fecal Escherichia coli, and the microbiome of steers AU - Foster, Derek M. AU - Jacob, Megan E. AU - Farmer, Kyle A. AU - Callahan, Benjamin J. AU - Theriot, Casey M. AU - Kathariou, Sophia AU - Cernicchiaro, Natalia AU - Prange, Timo AU - Papich, Mark G. T2 - PLOS ONE AB - Antimicrobial drug concentrations in the gastrointestinal tract likely drive antimicrobial resistance in enteric bacteria. Our objective was to determine the concentration of ceftiofur and its metabolites in the gastrointestinal tract of steers treated with ceftiofur crystalline-free acid (CCFA) or ceftiofur hydrochloride (CHCL), determine the effect of these drugs on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of fecal Escherichia coli, and evaluate shifts in the microbiome. Steers were administered either a single dose (6.6 mg/kg) of CCFA or 2.2 mg/kg of CHCL every 24 hours for 3 days. Ceftiofur and its metabolites were measured in the plasma, interstitium, ileum and colon. The concentration and MIC of fecal E. coli and the fecal microbiota composition were assessed after treatment. The maximum concentration of ceftiofur was higher in all sampled locations of steers treated with CHCL. Measurable drug persisted longer in the intestine of CCFA-treated steers. There was a significant decrease in E. coli concentration (P = 0.002) within 24 hours that persisted for 2 weeks after CCFA treatment. In CHCL-treated steers, the mean MIC of ceftiofur in E. coli peaked at 48 hours (mean MIC = 20.45 ug/ml, 95% CI = 10.29–40.63 ug/ml), and in CCFA-treated steers, mean MIC peaked at 96 hours (mean MIC = 10.68 ug/ml, 95% CI = 5.47–20.85 ug/ml). Shifts in the microbiome of steers in both groups were due to reductions in Firmicutes and increases in Bacteroidetes. CCFA leads to prolonged, low intestinal drug concentrations, and is associated with decreased E. coli concentration, an increased MIC of ceftiofur in E. coli at specific time points, and shifts in the fecal microbiota. CHCL led to higher intestinal drug concentrations over a shorter duration. Effects on E. coli concentration and the microbiome were smaller in this group, but the increase in the MIC of ceftiofur in fecal E. coli was similar. DA - 2019/10/4/ PY - 2019/10/4/ DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0223378 VL - 14 IS - 10 SP - SN - 1932-6203 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Production and Well-Being Resulting From Delayed Movement of Pullets to the Hen Facility AU - Karcher, D.M. AU - Jones, D.R. AU - Robison, C.I. AU - Eberle, K.N. AU - Gast, R.K. AU - Anderson, K.E. T2 - Journal of Applied Poultry Research AB - Disease outbreaks can dramatically impact a producer's production schedule by disrupting the pullet movement into the hen house. One alternative is to early molt laying hens as they are coming into production. Early molted birds had lower production compared to controls with no differences in egg weight or egg components percentages. Bird welfare impacts were minimal as a result of the early molt. This management practice could be employed to allow pullets to be held minimizing production schedule disruptions as a result of a disease outbreak. DA - 2019/6// PY - 2019/6// DO - 10.3382/japr/pfy068 VL - 28 IS - 2 SP - 278-289 J2 - Journal of Applied Poultry Research LA - en OP - SN - 1056-6171 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/japr/pfy068 DB - Crossref KW - molt KW - pullets KW - cage-free KW - laying hens KW - well-being ER - TY - JOUR TI - The in vitro effect of chick embryo extract on mice pre-antral follicles AU - Torkashvand, Hossein AU - Fathi, Rouhollah AU - Shahverdi, Abdolhossein AU - Golkar, Afsaneh AU - Mozdziak, Paul Edward AU - Eimani, Hussein T2 - VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM AB - Chick embryo extract (CEE) contains a variety of growth factors which may improve in vitro follicle growth. Therefore, the effect of CEE on mouse pre-antral follicle culture was evaluated. Different percentages of CEE (0, 0.50%, 1.00%, 5.00% and 10.00%) were added to culture medium. Hence, the osmolarity of media was measured. Pre-antral follicles with diameter of 120-150 μm were isolated from 12-14 days old mouse ovary and cultured for 12 days. After culture, the maturation rate was assessed. Granulosa cells viability was evaluated using MTT test and estradiol levels were evaluated using related radio-immunoassay (RIA). Genes expression (BMP15 and ALK6) was also evaluated. The osmolarity of media and granulosa cells viability were the same in all groups. Estradiol level in group with 10.00% CEE was significantly decreased compared to the control group. After 12 days culture, the percentage of antral follicles development was significantly higher in the group with 5.00% CEE compared to control group. The percentage of metaphase II and germinal vesicle breakdown oocytes was significantly higher in group 5.00% CEE compared to control group. The expression of BMP15 gene in antral follicles in 5.00% CEE and control groups was significantly lower compared to pre-antral follicles. However, the expression of ALK6 gene in antral follicles in 5.00% CEE and control groups was not significantly different compared to pre-antral follicles. The increasing effect of CEE on follicle viability with keeping normal gene expression indicates that addition of proper percentage of CEE to culture media improves culture conditions, making it a possible choice to be used as a follicular growth enhancer in infertility clinics. DA - 2019/// PY - 2019/// DO - 10.30466/vrf.2019.79305.2054 VL - 10 IS - 3 SP - 213-219 SN - 2322-3618 KW - Chick embryo extract KW - Follicle KW - Granulosa cells KW - In vitro culture ER - TY - JOUR TI - Laying hens in the U.S. market: An appraisal of trends from the beginning of the 20th century to present AU - Kidd, M.T. AU - Anderson, K.E. T2 - Journal of Applied Poultry Research AB - This typescript has been written to provide a brief history of the commercial egg industry and the modern laying hen from the beginning of the 20th century to present. Certainly the hens’ husbandry and production practices will continue to change at the onset of this publication and thereafter. Farmers, egg distribution centers, and commercial egg companies in the U.S. have done an excellent job in keeping eggs affordable and in plentiful supply during the cited 100 yr plus (e.g., 1900 to present) of population growth, urban and suburban growth, and declining egg farmers and producers. Further, as industry efficiency and company consolidation increased, so did hen rearing practice misconceptions among U.S. consumers. The 2010 U.S. Census indicates that 1.6% of the US population is engaged in agriculture production, which feeds the remaining 98.4% of the population. This review highlights over 100 yr of table egg production in the U.S., beginning in 1900 when approximately 25% of the U.S. population was engaged in agriculture production. DA - 2019/12// PY - 2019/12// DO - 10.3382/japr/pfz043 VL - 28 IS - 4 SP - 771-784 J2 - Journal of Applied Poultry Research LA - en OP - SN - 1056-6171 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/japr/pfz043 DB - Crossref KW - US egg history KW - table eggs KW - shell eggs KW - hen production KW - hen cage rearing KW - one egg ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Effects of Miscanthus Grass as a Bedding Source and the Dietary Inclusion of Unheated, Low-Trypsin Inhibitor Soybeans on the Performance of Commercial Tom Turkeys Reared to Market Age AU - Evans, C. E. AU - Garlich, J. D. AU - Barasch, I. B. AU - Stark, C. R. AU - Fahrenholz, A. C. AU - Grimes, J. L. T2 - JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH AB - A study was conducted to evaluate bedding source and the inclusion of rolled, unheated soybeans on the growth performance of male turkeys when reared to market age. Pine shavings are the most common poultry bedding material, however recently, increased marketplace competition has significantly reduced its availability and necessitated the need for economical alternatives. Additionally, the development of new varieties of soybeans with low levels of antinutritional factors have created an opportunity for dietary inclusion with minimal processing. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of Miscanthus grass as an alternative to pine shavings litter and to evaluate 2 novel, low trypsin inhibitor soybean varieties as a potential ingredient for turkeys. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 4 factorial design with main effects of litter type (Miscanthus grass or pine shavings) and dietary treatment. Diets were defined based on the soy protein source: LO (novel, unheated low oligosaccharide and trypsin inhibitor soybean), LT (novel, unheated low trypsin inhibitor soybean), SBM (commercial solvent extracted soybean meal), or CB (unheated conventional soybeans). Bedding type did not affect BW gain or feed intake at market, however, a tendency for improved FCR was observed when turkeys were raised on Miscanthus grass (P = 0.073). Turkey toms fed diets containing low trypsin inhibitor soybeans had improved BW gain and feed intake with a lower overall FCR compared to turkeys fed diets containing conventional raw whole soybeans. Therefore, there was improved digestibility of the novel soybean lines. Nutrient utilization of the novel low trypsin inhibitor soybeans, however, remained inferior to diets containing solvent extracted soybean meal, which yielded the heaviest BW and lowest FCR with similar feed intake to the low trypsin inhibitor soybean diets. DA - 2019/12// PY - 2019/12// DO - 10.3382/japr/pfz060 VL - 28 IS - 4 SP - 982-996 SN - 1537-0437 KW - turkey KW - soybean KW - trypsin inhibitor KW - litter KW - Miscanthus grass ER - TY - JOUR TI - Heterakis gallinarum, the Cecal Nematode of Gallinaceous Birds: A Critical Review AU - Cupo, Katherine Lynn AU - Beckstead, Robert Byron T2 - Avian Diseases AB - Heterakis gallinarum is a heavily prevalent poultry parasite that thrives in the ceca of various species of gallinaceous birds. It is a small roundworm, measuring between 4 and 15 mm long, in the family Heterakidae. Heterakis gallinarum has a direct life cycle not requiring an intermediate host to complete development, and it is generally believed that poultry raised at high density on litter are at greatest risk for accumulating large numbers of the nematode. This species typically only causes mild pathology that does not significantly affect bird performance. However, H. gallinarum is recognized as an economically important parasite by the poultry industry because its ovum serves as the vector for the protozoal parasite Histomonas meleagridis, the cause of histomonosis in poultry. Diagnosis of the nematode typically relies on fecal egg counts, which are prone to false negative diagnoses. Molecular tools are available for studying the nematode and diagnosing infected flocks. Treating and preventing H. gallinarum infection is made difficult due to the low efficacy of anthelmintics for eradicating H. gallinarum from infected birds and of disinfectants for destroying H. gallinarum ova on contaminated farms.Estudio Recapitulativo- Heterakis gallinarum, el nematodo cecal de las aves gallináceas: una revisión crítica. Heterakis gallinarum es un parásito avícola muy prevalente que se desarrolla en el ciego de varias especies de aves gallináceas. Es un pequeño gusano redondo, que mide entre 4 y 15 mm de largo, de la familia Heterakidae. Heterakis gallinarum tiene un ciclo de vida directo que no requiere de un huésped intermedio para completar el desarrollo y en general se cree que las aves criadas en alta densidad en cama tienen un mayor riesgo de acumular grandes cantidades de nematodos. Esta especie generalmente solo causa una patología leve que no afecta significativamente el rendimiento de las aves. Sin embargo, H. gallinarum es reconocido como un parásito económicamente importante para la industria avícola debido a que sus huevos sirven como vector para el parásito protozoario Histomonas meleagridis, que es la causa de la histomoniasis en las aves. El diagnóstico del nematodo generalmente se basa en el recuento de huevos fecales, que puede establecer diagnósticos falsos negativos. Las herramientas moleculares están disponibles para estudiar el nematodo y diagnosticar las parvadas infectadas. El tratamiento y la prevención de la infección por H. gallinarum se dificultan debido a la baja eficacia de los antihelmínticos para erradicar H. gallinarum de las aves infectadas y de los desinfectantes para destruir los huevos de H. gallinarum en granjas infestadas. DA - 2019/6/10/ PY - 2019/6/10/ DO - 10.1637/0005-2086-63.3.381 VL - 63 IS - 3 SP - 381 J2 - Avian Diseases OP - SN - 0005-2086 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1637/0005-2086-63.3.381 DB - Crossref KW - Heterakis gallinarum KW - Histomonas meleagridis KW - life cycle KW - paratenic host KW - vector KW - carrier KW - anthelmintic KW - histomonosis ER - TY - JOUR TI - An In Vitro Assay of Disinfectants on the Viability of Heterakis gallinarum Eggs AU - Cupo, Katherine Lynn AU - Beckstead, Robert Byron T2 - Avian Diseases AB - Nematodes are widespread and common in poultry. Disinfectants are used to reduce infection rates in poultry houses, but there is little documentation of their effectiveness. An in vitro assay was developed to test the efficacy of products to damage Heterakis gallinarum eggs, and nine disinfectants and chemicals commonly used in the poultry industry were tested. Embryonated eggs of H. gallinarum were pipetted into wells of plastic cell culture plates (250–300 eggs/well in water). Measured amounts of test articles were added to the suspensions for 2, 4, 6, or 24 hr. After exposure, eggs were washed with water and treated with trypan blue (1 ml of 0.4% solution, added to each well) at room temperature for 2 min. Eggshell integrity was determined microscopically by counting the number of eggs that were clear (intact) or that contained blue dye (compromised). As a test of embryo viability, five eggs per well from treatments containing compromised eggs were transferred to a Petri dish and hatched manually, using forceps to open the eggshell. Released larvae were then observed for signs of controlled movement. In a test of Clorox bleach (NaOCl), Green Klean, Decon7, Kem San, PLT, Virkon S, NaCl, dry limestone (CaCO3), and diesel fuel, only NaOCl (bleach) and Green Klean damaged the eggshell, and only 20,625 ppm of NaOCl rendered the larvae nonviable. DA - 2019/4/29/ PY - 2019/4/29/ DO - 10.1637/11952-081418-resnote.1 VL - 63 IS - 3 SP - 511 J2 - Avian Diseases OP - SN - 0005-2086 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1637/11952-081418-resnote.1 DB - Crossref KW - Heterakis gallinarum KW - Histomonas meleagridis KW - in vitro assay KW - disinfectants KW - decontamination KW - nematode KW - embryonated eggs KW - trypan blue ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of acute and chronic heat stress on the performance, egg quality, body temperature, and blood gas parameters of laying hens AU - Barrett, Nathaniel W. AU - Rowland, Kaylee AU - Schmidt, Carl J. AU - Lamont, Susan J. AU - Rothschild, Max F. AU - Ashwell, Chris M. AU - Persia, Michael E. T2 - POULTRY SCIENCE AB - The goal of this experiment was to measure the physiological response of individual laying hens exposed to heat stress (HS). Performance, egg quality, body temperature (BT), and blood chemistry of laying hens were individually recorded before and after various intervals of daily cyclic HS. In total, 407 18-week-old W-36 parent-line laying hens (Hy-Line International, Dallas Center, IA) were housed individually in battery cages. After an acclimation period, baseline data were collected from 22 to 24-wk before the hens were subjected to a daily cyclic HS consisting of 7 h at 35°C returning to 30°C for the remaining 17 h/D from 24 to 28-wk of age. Eggs were collected and individually weighed daily. Feed intake (FI), egg production (EP), egg weights, egg mass, BW, and feed efficiency (FE) (g egg/kg FI) were calculated over 2-wk time periods. Eggs were collected for quality assessment the day before HS began, the 2nd day of HS, and on a weekly basis throughout the 4-wk HS. Blood was collected and BT measured the day before heat HS was initiated, on the first day of HS, and again at 2 and 4-wk of HS. Blood PCO2 and iCa decreased, and blood pH increased within 4 to 6 h of HS (P ≤ 0.01). Shell weights decreased with acute HS, possibly due to the reduction in blood iCa (P ≤ 0.01). After 4-wk of HS the blood pH returned to pre-HS levels but iCa remained decreased (P ≤ 0.01). Shell weights remained low and Haugh units decreased after 2 and 4-wk of HS (P ≤ 0.01). Feed efficiency was increased and FI, EP, and BW decreased by 2-wk of HS and remained low through 4-wk (P ≤ 0.01). The cyclic HS had a significant effect on the performance, egg quality, and blood chemistry over the 4-wk HS. DA - 2019/12// PY - 2019/12// DO - 10.3382/ps/pez541 VL - 98 IS - 12 SP - 6684-6692 SN - 1525-3171 KW - heat stress KW - performance KW - laying hen KW - blood chemistry KW - egg quality ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of a direct-fed microbial and prebiotic on performance and intestinal histomorophology of turkey poults challenged with Salmonella and Campylobacter AU - Rahimi, Shaban AU - Kathariou, Sophia AU - Fletcher, Oscar AU - Grimes, Jesse L. T2 - POULTRY SCIENCE AB - Salmonella and Campylobacter are leading human foodborne pathogens commonly associated with poultry and poultry products, and several methods to control these pathogens have been applied to poultry production. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of CALSPORIN, (CSP), a direct-fed microbial (DFM), and yeast cell wall (Saccharomyces cervisiae, IMW50, a mannanoligosaccharide (MOS)-based prebiotic, on performance, levels of Salmonella and Campylobacter in the feces, and intestinal histomorphometry in turkey poults. A 21-day battery cage study was conducted using 4 dietary treatments, including: an unsupplemented basal diet (corn and soybean-based) as negative control (NC); basal diet supplemented with 0.05% DFM; basal diet supplemented with 0.05% MOS; and basal diet supplemented with 0.05% mixture of DFM and MOS at equal proportions. Female Large White turkey poults (n = 336) were randomly distributed in 6 electrically-heated battery cages with 4 treatments and 12 replicates per treatment (7 poults per replicate pen). The first 16 pens were not inoculated with bacteria, while poults in pens 17 to 32 were orally challenged at day 7 with 105 CFU Salmonella Heidelberg and the poults in pens 33 to 48 were orally challenged at day 7 with 105 CFU Campylobacter jejuni. Feed consumption, body weight, and feed conversion ratio were measured weekly and at the end of the experiment. At day 21, fresh fecal samples from each pen were collected for Salmonella and Campylobacter enumeration and ileal tissue samples were collected from 1 bird per pen for histomorphology examination. DFM and MOS supplementation was accompanied with reduced levels of Salmonella shed by the treated birds compared to the control group, and with increased body weight (P ≤ 0.05). The surface area of villi increased in the MOS-supplemented group compared to the control group (P ≤ 0.05). There was a significant difference in V:C ratio between supplemented groups and control group (P ≤ 0.05). Based on these results, there is potential for CALSPORIN and IMW50 to reduce Salmonella shedding in feces, enhance ileal mucosal health, and improve growth performance of turkey poults. DA - 2019/12// PY - 2019/12// DO - 10.3382/ps/pez436 VL - 98 IS - 12 SP - 6572-6578 SN - 1525-3171 KW - direct-fed microbial KW - mannanoligosaccharide KW - Salmonella KW - Campylobacter KW - poult ER - TY - JOUR TI - Chromium propionate in broilers: human food and broiler safety AU - Spears, J. W. AU - Lloyd, K. E. AU - Pickworth, C. A. AU - Huang, Y. L. AU - Krafka, K. AU - Hyda, J. AU - Grimes, J. L. T2 - POULTRY SCIENCE AB - Chromium propionate (Cr Prop) is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Center for Veterinary Medicine for supplementation to broiler diets up to 0.20 mg Cr/kg diet. A 49-D study was conducted to: 1) determine the safety of Cr Prop when supplemented at 2 and 10 times (×) the approved feeding level over the normal life span of broilers, and 2) determine the effects of supplementing Cr Prop on Cr concentrations of tissues consumed by humans. On day zero, 216 Ross 708 broilers were stratified by weight within sex and randomly assigned to treatments. Dietary treatments were 0 (control), 0.40, and 2.0 mg supplemental Cr/kg diet from Cr Prop. There were 6 replicate cages each of male and female broilers per treatment. At the end of the study blood was collected for determination of plasma biochemical measurements and tissue samples were collected for Cr analysis. Supplementing 0.40 mg Cr/kg diet (2×) did not adversely affect broiler performance, mortality, plasma biochemical measurements or Cr concentrations in breast muscle, skin with adhering fat, or liver. Chromium propionate supplemented at 2.0 mg Cr/kg (10×) did not affect Cr concentrations in breast muscle or skin with adhering fat, but increased (P < 0.05) liver Cr concentrations. Supplementing Cr Prop at 10× the approved feeding level decreased feed intake and gain in male but not female broilers from days 21 to 49. Results of this study support the safety of Cr Prop in broiler diets, and indicate that Cr Prop supplementation to broiler diets at 2 or 10× the approved feeding level does not present a human health concern. DA - 2019/12// PY - 2019/12// DO - 10.3382/ps/pez444 VL - 98 IS - 12 SP - 6579-6585 SN - 1525-3171 KW - chromium KW - broilers KW - tissue chromium ER - TY - JOUR TI - Vaccine strain Listeria monocytogenes abscess in a dog: a case report AU - Musser, Margaret L. AU - Berger, Erika P. AU - Parsons, Cameron AU - Kathariou, Sophia AU - Johannes, Chad M. T2 - BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH AB - Listeria monocytogenes is a promising therapeutic vaccine vector for cancer immunotherapy. Although highly attenuated, three cases of systemic listeriosis have been reported in people following treatment with Listeria-based therapeutic vaccines. This complication has thus far not been reported in canine patients.A dog previously diagnosed with osteoblastic osteosarcoma was presented for care following administration of three doses of the Canine Osteosarcoma Vaccine-Live Listeria Vector. On routine staging chest radiographs, mild sternal lymphadenopathy and a right caudoventral thoracic mass effect were noted. Further evaluation of the mass effect with computed tomography and ultrasound revealed a cavitated mass associated with the 7th right rib. Aspirates of the mass cultured positive for Listeria monocytogenes. The mass and associated ribs were surgically removed. Histopathology was consistent with metastatic osteoblastic osteosarcoma. Treatment was continued with doxorubicin chemotherapy and at the time of publication, the dog was alive over 1 year following diagnosis with no evidence of further disease progression. Genotyping of the abscess-derived L. monocytogenes was consistent with the vaccine strain.This case represents the first veterinary case to describe development of a Listeria abscess following administration of a Listeria-based therapeutic vaccine. DA - 2019/12/21/ PY - 2019/12/21/ DO - 10.1186/s12917-019-2216-y VL - 15 IS - 1 SP - SN - 1746-6148 KW - Canine KW - Osteosarcoma KW - Immunotherapy KW - Listeria monocytogenes ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ovarian follicular cells - living in the shadow of stemness cellular competence T2 - Medical Journal of Cell Biology AB - Abstract Granulosa cells (GCs) are a major component found in ovarian follicular fluid among oocytes, theca cells, and ovarian surface epithelial (OSE) cells. GCs are steroidogenic and have morphological functions that are important for the development of the follicular follicle. The follicle protects the developing female egg. GCs are also essential for the maturation of the female germ cell. Stem cell properties have been found in luteinised GCs and in vivo cultures have the potential to differentiate to become cells found outside of the ovary. Both three-dimensional (3D) culturing and mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) medium have been used to help improve the culturing lifespan of GCs so that their profound proliferation and differentiation capabilities can be studied. Small RNAs called MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are released from exosomes originating from GCs, and they are involved in transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signalling, follicle-stimulating hormone, hormone-related miRNAs, and apoptosis-related pathway. Finding the miRNAs involved in these pathways, and the mechanisms controlling GCs are important to treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and creating new drug therapies. Besides GCs, ovarian stem cells (OSCs) were discovered in the OSE, and they are believed to be derived from very small embryonic stem cells (VSELs). Transplanting blood mononuclear cells, cell Hormone Therapy (cHT) with bone marrow stem cell supplement and increasing vitamin C levels are all therapies currently being researched into that involve GCs to combat the effects of aging and infertility. Running title : Stemness of ovarian follicular cells DA - 2019/11/8/ PY - 2019/11/8/ DO - 10.2478/acb-2019-0018 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acb-2019-0018 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Designing A Transgenic Chicken: Applying New Approaches toward A Promising Bioreactor T2 - Cell J (Yakhteh) AB - Specific developmental characteristics of the chicken make it an attractive model for the generation of transgenic organisms. Chicken possess a strong potential for recombinant protein production and can be used as a powerful bioreactor to produce pharmaceutical and nutritional proteins. Several transgenic chickens have been generated during the last two decades via viral and non-viral transfection. Culturing chicken primordial germ cells (PGCs) and their ability for germline transmission ushered in a new stage in this regard. With the advent of CRISPR/Cas9 system, a new phase of studies for manipulating genomes has begun. It is feasible to integrate a desired gene in a predetermined position of the genome using CRISPR/Cas9 system. In this review, we discuss the new approaches and technologies that can be applied to generate a transgenic chicken with regards to recombinant protein productions. DA - 2019/10// PY - 2019/10// DO - 10.22074/cellj.2020.6738 UR - http://doi.org/10.22074/cellj.2020.6738 KW - Chickens KW - CRISPR/Cas9 KW - Ovalbumin KW - Recombinant Protein KW - Transgenes ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ammonia Induces a Myostatin-Mediated Atrophy in Mammalian Myotubes, but Induces Hypertrophy in Avian Myotubes T2 - Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems AB - Ammonia, a byproduct of protein catabolism that is generally regarded as toxic, is processed by the liver for excretion. In diseases resulting in hepatic insufficiency, circulating ammonia levels increase dramatically, ensuing secondary disorders. Sarcopenia, or loss of muscle mass, is commonly associated with hyperammonemia. In mammalian models of cirrhosis, increased myostatin is consistent, contributes to muscle autophagy, and reduces satellite cell activation and differentiation, whereas, avian species show a positive myogenic response to ammonia. The objective of the study was to elucidate the effect of ammonia in chicken, mouse, and rat derived myotubes. Primary myoblasts were isolated from the pectoralis major (breast) and biceps femoris (thigh) of embryonic day 17 chicken embryos, and from the hindlimbs of 3-day-old rat pups. C2C12 cells were used for mouse myoblasts. Myotubes were exposed to 10mM ammonium acetate (AA) or 10mM sodium acetate (SA) for 24 hours to determine myogenic response to ammonia. Relative expression of myostatin mRNA, determined by quantitative real-time PCR, was significantly higher in mammalian myotubes compared to chicken myotubes (P < 0.001). Western blot analysis of myostatin protein confirmed a significant increase in ammonia treated rat myotubes, while chicken breast myotubes showed a significant decrease in myostatin (P < 0.05). Myotube diameter significantly increased in chicken breast and thigh cultures treated with ammonia, while diameter was significantly reduced in mouse and rat myotubes (P < 0.05). Intracellular glutamine is significantly higher in chicken thigh, but not breast, myotubes treated with AA compared to SA treated myotubes (P < 0.05). To investigate fiber type differences in ammonia metabolism, Western blot analysis of protein from AA and SA treated myotubes was examined for fast and slow myosin heavy chain isoforms. AA treatment resulted in a higher ratio of fast to slow isoforms of myosin heavy chain in both types of chicken myotubes, while fast isoforms were decreased in AA treated mouse and rat myotubes. These data demonstrate that chicken myotubes respond positively to ammonia while rodent myotubes respond negatively. Further, there is evidence that ammonia induces a fast fiber type shift in avian muscle, but a slow phenotype shift in mammalian muscle. DA - 2019/12/18/ PY - 2019/12/18/ DO - 10.3389/fsufs.2019.00115 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2019.00115 KW - muscle KW - ammonia KW - cirrhosis KW - sarcopenia KW - myostatin KW - glutamine KW - fiber type KW - myotubes ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nucleotide, ribonucleotide and ribonucleoside binding belongs to differentially expressed genes in porcine epithelial oviductal cells during longterm primary cultivation T2 - Medical Journal of Cell Biology AB - Abstract The oviduct play a crucial role in reproductive process, through facilitating successful embryo growth and conception. Oviduct activity is orchestrated by various factors, depending on cyclic dynamics, which crucially affect the success of reproductive function. The morphological modifications of oviducts in response to the female reproductive cycle are well established. However, detailed characterization at the molecular level is still needed. The present study, employed primary in vitro cell cultures and high-throughput transcriptome analysis via an Affymetrix microarray approach, described nucleotide, ribonucleotide and ribonucleoside binding patterns at a molecular level in oviduct epithelial cells (OECs). 222 genes were targeted belonging to four gene ontology biological process terms (GO BP): “adenyl nucleotide binding”, “adenyl ribonucleotide binding”, “ribonucleotide binding”, “ribonucleoside binding”, which showed the greatest variability in the level of mRNA expression during of long-term cultivation. In this group of genes, special attention was paid to those showing the greatest variability in relation to the reference measurement, including OASL , PIM1 , ACTA2 and ABCA1 . Running title : Oviductal nucleotide and nucleoside binding patterns DA - 2019/12/21/ PY - 2019/12/21/ DO - 10.2478/acb-2019-0022 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acb-2019-0022 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Human Ovarian Granulosa Cells Isolated during an IVF Procedure Exhibit Differential Expression of Genes Regulating Cell Division and Mitotic Spindle Formation AU - Brązert, Maciej AU - Kranc, Wiesława AU - Chermuła, Błażej AU - Kowalska, Katarzyna AU - Jankowski, Maurycy AU - Celichowski, Piotr AU - Jeseta, Michal AU - Piotrowska-Kempisty, Hanna AU - Pawelczyk, Leszek AU - Zabel, Maciej AU - mozdziak, AU - Kempisty, Bartosz T2 - Journal of Clinical Medicine AB - Granulosa cells (GCs) are a population of somatic cells whose role after ovulation is progesterone production. GCs were collected from patients undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation during an in vitro fertilization procedure, and they were maintained for 1, 7, 15, and 30 days of in vitro primary culture before collection for further gene expression analysis. A study of genes involved in the biological processes of interest was carried out using expression microarrays. To validate the obtained results, Reverse Transcription quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed. The direction of changes in the expression of the selected genes was confirmed in most of the examples. Six ontological groups (“cell cycle arrest”, “cell cycle process”, “mitotic spindle organization”, “mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint”, “mitotic spindle assembly”, and “mitotic spindle checkpoint”) were analyzed in this study. The results of the microarrays obtained by us allowed us to identify two groups of genes whose expressions were the most upregulated (FAM64A, ANLN, TOP2A, CTGF, CEP55, BIRC5, PRC1, DLGAP5, GAS6, and NDRG1) and the most downregulated (EREG, PID1, INHA, RHOU, CXCL8, SEPT6, EPGN, RDX, WNT5A, and EZH2) during the culture. The cellular ultrastructure showed the presence of structures characteristic of mitotic cell division: a centrosome surrounded by a pericentric matrix, a microtubule system, and a mitotic spindle connected to chromosomes. The main goal of the study was to identify the genes involved in mitotic division and to identify the cellular ultrastructure of GCs in a long-term in vitro culture. All of the genes in these groups were subjected to downstream analysis, and their function and relation to the ovarian environment are discussed. The obtained results suggest that long-term in vitro cultivation of GCs may lead to their differentiation toward another cell type, including cells with cancer-like characteristics. DA - 2019/11/20/ PY - 2019/11/20/ DO - 10.3390/jcm8122026 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8122026 KW - ovarian granulosa KW - human KW - in vitro KW - cell division ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evidence for existence of molecular stemness markers in porcine ovarian follicular granulosa cells T2 - Medical Journal of Cell Biology AB - Abstract Granulosa cells (GCs) are important component of the follicle, a principal functional unit of the ovary. They undergo highly dynamic changes during folliculogenesis and play a vital role in oocyte’s maturation. Recently, it has been shown that GCs also exhibit stem cell properties, since they express OCT-4, Nanog, Sox-2, which are markers of pluripotency, as well as several mesenchymal stem cell markers, such as CD29, CD44, CD90, CD105, CD117 or CD166. In addition, GCs are able to differentiate towards neurogenic, chondrogenic and osteogenic lineages. Since the use of embryonic stem cells in regenerative medicine is burdened with ethical concerns and the risk of immune rejection or teratoma formation, adult stem cells are emerging as a promising alternative. GCs especially seem to provide a promising source of stem cells, since they are easily obtainable during assisted reproduction techniques. In order to better understand the genetic changes taking place in proliferating granulosa cells cultured in vitro, we isolated GCs from 40 prepubertal gilts and cultured them in vitro for 168 h. After 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 and 168 h of cultivation the total RNA was extracted, reverse transcription was conducted and RT-qPCR reaction was performed. We observed that CD44, CD90 and IGF1 were upregulated after the cultivation, whereas CD105 and LIF were downregulated. Collectively, our results confirm stemness potential of porcine GCs and provide an insight into the transcriptome changes during in vitro cultivation. Running title : Molecular stemness markers in porcine granulosa cells DA - 2019/12/21/ PY - 2019/12/21/ DO - 10.2478/acb-2019-0025 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acb-2019-0025 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Coenzyme and cofactor metabolism belongs to biochemical processes significantly regulated in human granulosa cells collected after IVF during long-term primary in vitro culture T2 - Medical Journal of Cell Biology AB - Abstract Granulosa cells (GCs) provide the microenvironment necessary for the development of the follicle and the maturation of the oocyte. GCs are associated with reproductive system function and the maintenance of pregnancy by participating in the synthesis of steroid hormones. Many authors point to new ways of using GCs in regenerative medicine and indicate the significant plasticity of this cell population, suggesting that GCs can undergo a transdifferentiation process. Employing primary in vitro cell cultures and high-throughput transcriptome analysis via Affymetrix microarrays, this study describes groups of genes associated with enzymatic reactions. 52 genes were identified belonging to four gene ontology biological process terms (GO BP): “coenzyme biosynthetic process”, “coenzyme metabolic process”, “cofactor biosynthetic process” and “cofactor metabolic process”. All identified genes showed reduction in the level of mRNA expression during long-term in vitro cultivation. Significanthe transcriptomic profile variability was exhibited for the genes ( ELOVL5, ELOVL6 and GPAM ) involved in enzymatic regulation of fatty acid metabolism. Running title : Enzymatic regulation in granulosa cells DA - 2019/12/21/ PY - 2019/12/21/ DO - 10.2478/acb-2019-0021 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acb-2019-0021 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Current clinical applications of adipose-derived stem cells in humans and animals T2 - Medical Journal of Cell Biology AB - Abstract Adipose derived stem cells are a type of mesenchymal stem cell that, because of their straightforward isolation procedure and ready availability, have been intensively studied in the recent years regarding their possible clinical applications. Additionally, ADSCs have the ability to differentiate into tri-germ lineages, as well as exhibit paracrine activity. Their capacity to differentiate into many different cell lineages such as osteocytes, adipocytes, neural cells, vascular endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes, pancreatic cells, and hepatocytes, has granted them a significant place in consideration for tissue engineering and for their application in regenerative medicine. Moreover, their endocrine activity has a great impact upon therapies as it grants immunosuppressive properties and low immunogenicity. Running title : Clinical applications of ADSCs DA - 2019/11/8/ PY - 2019/11/8/ DO - 10.2478/acb-2019-0014 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acb-2019-0014 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy, Resident Progenitor Cells and the role of Cellular Signalling; a Review T2 - Medical Journal of Cell Biology AB - Abstract Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the most common cause of death worldwide. Unhealthy lifestyle choices promote an upward trend of primary risk factors for CVD. As a result, novel methods of treatment are required. The myocardium itself could serve as a source of treatment, via resident cardiac progenitor cells (CPC). A brief overview of current studies and findings related to the potential of differentiation of CPCs to form mature cardiomyocytes (CM) and thereby heal damaged myocardial tissue, as well as implications of these findings for further research areas and possible treatments, is offered. Also investigated is the possible role of CM cell reprogramming, cardiac fibroblasts and signalling molecules in treatment of CVD. Running title : Cardiac stem cells - review DA - 2019/11/8/ PY - 2019/11/8/ DO - 10.2478/acb-2019-0015 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acb-2019-0015 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Biochemical properties of cofactor and coenzyme metabolism in porcine oviductal epithelial cells – a microarray study T2 - Medical Journal of Cell Biology AB - Abstract The oviduct is a key organ responsible for ultimate oocytes maturation, transport of gametes, sperm capacitation, fertilization, as well as early embryo development. Its innermost layer, oviductal epithelium, represents a highly dynamic structure which undergoes changes in response to different physiological and pathological processes. Previously, the expression profile of genes involved in several important processes in porcine oviductal epithelial cells (OECs) during long-term primary in vitro culture. The present study further characterizes the porcine OECs model using Affymetrix microarray assay and it analyzes gene expression changes observed on the 7th, 15th and 30th day of culture. 25 genes belonging to “coenzyme metabolic process”, “cofactor biosynthetic process” and “cofactor metabolic process” GO BP terms were differentially expressed in culture. The most up-regulated genes were ALDH1L2, P2RX7, PANK1, ACSS2, SCD, AASS and PDK3. In contrast, several genes appeared to be significantly down-regulated, e.g. ACSL4 and HAAO. Considering the biological roles of the most regulated genes, it can be concluded that these changes may indicate the increased metabolic and proliferation activity of studied cells in primary in vitro culture. Running title : Cofactor and coenzyme metabolism in porcine oviductal epithelial cells DA - 2019/11/8/ PY - 2019/11/8/ DO - 10.2478/acb-2019-0017 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acb-2019-0017 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Application potential and plasticity of human stem cells T2 - Medical Journal of Cell Biology AB - Abstract Significant advances have been achieved in the study of stem cells over recent years. Stem cell isolation, their plasticity, differentiation and pre-clinical and clinical applications have undergone a significant study. The objective of this paper is to review the advances in stem cell isolation methods. There are many types of stem cells in the article. Isolation and subsequent differentiation of among others: Human adipose-derived stem cells, cancer stem cells, neural stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells. The subject of Endometrial mesenchymal stromal cells, whose isolation methods are relatively new, was also raised. Attention was paid to the development of preclinical studies using Dental Pulp Stem Cells in various diseases such as Parkinson’s disease or Alzheimer’s disease. Progress in research on the use of stem cells in the treatment of heart attacks, burns, bone injuries and the use of neural stem cells in animal models as an attempt to treat multiple sclerosis has been described. Running title : Potential and plasticity of stem cells DA - 2019/11/8/ PY - 2019/11/8/ DO - 10.2478/acb-2019-0019 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acb-2019-0019 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells: recent findings and current research T2 - Medical Journal of Cell Biology AB - Abstract Prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases, most of which are life threatening and incurable, is an increasing clinical problem. To date, studies have demonstrated a superior proliferation rate of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) compared to other mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. DPSCs has recently been recognized as a novel treatment strategy for neurodegenerative disease, due to their advanced potential for neurogenic differentiation. The oral cavity has been described as a promising source of dental pulp stem cells. DPSCs are widely used in regenerative dentistry holding alternative capacity for osteogenic differentiation and therefore new promises for tissue and whole tooth regeneration. Dental stem cell banking offers a plentiful source of stem cells representing great potential for cell reprogramming and thus cell therapy. Recently, the association of pulp stem cells with three – dimensional scaffold templates allows for building up naturally derived implants. This review introduces to unique properties of DPSCs and biological factors influencing mineralization, proliferation and differentiation of pulp stem cells. Latest research studies are compared in terms of effectiveness and limitations of techniques for the isolation of pulp stem cells, including the enzymatic digestion and the explant culture methods. Moreover, a short overview of most recent findings and clinical application of DPSCs is proffered including progress of current research and limitations still to be addressed in the nearest future. Finally, the article presents new advances in the area of regenerative dentistry and regenerative medicine, including three dimensional printing and three dimensional analysis, emerged to deepen studies under procedures to replace the non patient specific artificial implants. Running title : DPSCs - review DA - 2019/11/8/ PY - 2019/11/8/ DO - 10.2478/acb-2019-0016 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acb-2019-0016 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Requirement of lmo1930, a Gene in the Menaquinone Biosynthesis Operon, for Esculin Hydrolysis and Lithium Chloride Tolerance in Listeria monocytogenes AU - Parsons, Cameron AU - Jahanafroozi, Midya AU - Kathariou, Sophia T2 - MICROORGANISMS AB - Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that is widely distributed in nature, having been isolated from a variety of sources such as soil, water, plant matter, and animals. In addition, L. monocytogenes is often detected in the regular sampling of food and food processing environments. The most common method for detecting L. monocytogenes is the use of selective enrichments. Both lithium chloride and esculin, in combination with ferric ammonium citrate, are utilized in several of the most commonly-employed selective enrichment schemes for L. monocytogenes. Here we report that transposon-based inactivation of lmo1930, one of the genes in the menaquinone biosynthesis operon, via transposon mutagenesis severely impaired the ability of L. monocytogenes to grow in the presence of lithium chloride or hydrolyze esculin, and conferred reduced growth and colony size. All phenotypes were restored upon genetic complementation. Thus, strains of L. monocytogenes with mutations leading to inactivation of lmo1930 may evade many commonly-used selective enrichment protocols employed in the detection of L. monocytogenes. DA - 2019/11// PY - 2019/11// DO - 10.3390/microorganisms7110539 VL - 7 IS - 11 SP - SN - 2076-2607 KW - esculin KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - menaquinone KW - selective enrichment ER - TY - JOUR TI - Strain-Specific Differences in Survival of Campylobacter spp. in Naturally Contaminated Turkey Feces and Water AU - Good, Lesley AU - Miller, William G. AU - Niedermeyer, Jeffrey AU - Osborne, Jason AU - Siletzky, Robin M. AU - Carver, Donna AU - Kathariou, Sophia T2 - APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY AB - Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are leading foodborne pathogens, with poultry as a major reservoir. Due to their growth requirements, these Campylobacter spp. may be unable to replicate once excreted by their avian hosts, but their survival in feces and the environment is critical for transmission in the farm ecosystem. Reducing the prevalence of Campylobacter -positive flocks can have major impacts in controlling both contamination of poultry products and environmental dissemination of the pathogens. However, understanding the capacity of these pathogens to survive in transmission-relevant vehicles such as feces and farmhouse water remains poorly understood, and little information is available on species- and strain-associated differences in survival. Here, we employed model conditions to investigate the survival of C. jejuni and C. coli from naturally colonized turkey flocks, and with diverse genotypes and antimicrobial resistance profiles, in turkey feces and in farmhouse water. DA - 2019/11// PY - 2019/11// DO - 10.1128/AEM.01579-19 VL - 85 IS - 22 SP - SN - 1098-5336 KW - Campylobacter KW - Campylobacter coli KW - Campylobacter jejuni KW - turkey KW - antimicrobial resistance KW - feces KW - survival KW - water ER - TY - JOUR TI - Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) Co-Culture with Osteogenic Cells: From Molecular Communication to Engineering Prevascularised Bone Grafts AU - Kocherova, Ievgeniia AU - Bryja, Artur AU - Mozdziak, Paul AU - Volponi, Ana Angelova AU - Dyszkiewicz-Konwinska, Marta AU - Piotrowska-Kempisty, Hanna AU - Antosik, Pawel AU - Bukowska, Dorota AU - Bruska, Malgorzata AU - Izycki, Dariusz AU - Zabel, Maciej AU - Nowicki, Michal AU - Kempisty, Bartosz T2 - JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE AB - The repair of bone defects caused by trauma, infection or tumor resection is a major clinical orthopedic challenge. The application of bone grafts in orthopedic procedures is associated with a problem of inadequate vascularization in the initial phase after implantation. Meanwhile, the survival of cells within the implanted graft and its integration with the host tissue is strongly dependent on nutrient and gaseous exchange, as well as waste product removal, which are effectuated by blood microcirculation. In the bone tissue, the vasculature also delivers the calcium and phosphate indispensable for the mineralization process. The critical role of vascularization for bone healing and function, led the researchers to the idea of generating a capillary-like network within the bone graft in vitro, which could allow increasing the cell survival and graft integration with a host tissue. New strategies for engineering pre-vascularized bone grafts, that apply the co-culture of endothelial and bone-forming cells, have recently gained interest. However, engineering of metabolically active graft, containing two types of cells requires deep understanding of the underlying mechanisms of interaction between these cells. The present review focuses on the best-characterized endothelial cells—human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)—attempting to estimate whether the co-culture approach, using these cells, could bring us closer to development and possible clinical application of prevascularized bone grafts. DA - 2019/10// PY - 2019/10// DO - 10.3390/jcm8101602 VL - 8 IS - 10 SP - SN - 2077-0383 UR - https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/8/10/1602 KW - human umbilical vein endothelial cells KW - mesenchymal stem cells KW - osteoblasts KW - co-culture KW - prevascularization ER - TY - JOUR TI - Draft Genome Sequence of Multidrug-Resistant Listeria innocua Strain UAM003-1A, Isolated from a Wild Black Bear (Ursus americanus) AU - Parsons, Cameron AU - Chen, Yi AU - Niedermeyer, Jeffrey AU - Hernandez, Kevin AU - Kathariou, Sophia T2 - MICROBIOLOGY RESOURCE ANNOUNCEMENTS AB - There is currently limited knowledge of the genome sequences of nonpathogenic Listeria species, especially strains from wildlife. Here, we report the draft genome sequence and associated genome information of an antibiotic-resistant Listeria innocua strain, UAM003-1A, isolated from the feces of a black bear in California, USA. DA - 2019/11// PY - 2019/11// DO - 10.1128/MRA.01281-19 VL - 8 IS - 47 SP - SN - 2576-098X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Development of a Highly Efficient Hybrid Peptide That Increases Immunomodulatory Activity Via the TLR4-Mediated Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling Pathway AU - Zhang, Lulu AU - Wei, Xubiao AU - Zhang, Rijun AU - Koci, Matthew AU - Si, Dayong AU - Ahmad, Baseer AU - Cheng, Junhao AU - Wang, Junyong T2 - International Journal of Molecular Sciences AB - Immunity is a defensive response that fights disease by identifying and destroying harmful substances or microbiological toxins. Several factors, including work-related stress, pollution, and immunosuppressive agents, contribute to low immunity and poor health. Native peptides, a new class of immunoregulatory agents, have the potential for treating immunodeficiencies, malignancies, and infections. However, the potential cytotoxicity and low immunoregulatory activity and stability of native peptides have prevented their development. Therefore, we designed three hybrid peptides (LTAa, LTAb, and LTAc) by combining a characteristic fragment of LL-37 with an active Tα1 center that included Tα1 (17-24), Tα1 (20-25), and Tα1 (20-27). The best hybrid peptide (LTAa), according to molecule docking and in vitro experiments, had improved immunoregulatory activity and stability with minimal cytotoxicity. We investigated the immunoregulatory effects and mechanisms of LTAa using a cyclophosphamide-immunosuppressed murine model. LTAa effectively reversed immunosuppression by enhancing immune organ development, activating peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis, regulating T lymphocyte subsets, and increasing cytokine (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β) and immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG, and IgM) contents. The immunomodulatory effects of LTAa may be associated with binding to the TLR4/MD-2 complex and activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Therefore, LTAa could be an effective therapeutic agent for improving immune function. DA - 2019/12/6/ PY - 2019/12/6/ DO - 10.3390/ijms20246161 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20246161 KW - immunoregulatory activity KW - cyclophosphamide KW - TLR4 KW - MD-2 KW - NF-kappa B ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Potential Use of Layer Litter in Awassi Lamb Diet: Its Effects on Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality AU - Obeidat, Belal S. AU - Mayyas, Mohammad A. AU - Abdullah, Abdullah Y. AU - Awawdeh, Mofleh S. AU - Qudsieh, Rasha I. AU - Obeidat, Mohammad D. AU - Nusairat, Basheer M. AU - Mahmoud, Kamel Z. AU - Haddad, Serhan G. AU - Al-Lataifeh, Fatima A. AU - Ata, Mysaa AU - Abu Ishmais, Majdi A. AU - Aljamal, Ahmed E. T2 - ANIMALS AB - Carcass parameters and meat quality in lambs that consumed diets having layer hen litter (LL) were evaluated in a complete randomized study. Forty-two lambs were allocated equally (14 lambs/treatment diet) into one of three iso-nitrogenous diets for 75 days. To partially replace soybean meal and barley, LL was given at 0 (LL0), 150 (LL150), or 300 g/kg (LL300) of dietary dry matter (DM). At the termination of the trial, the characteristics of carcasses (hot and cold carcass weight, dressing percentage, and carcass cuts) and meat quality (Musculus longissimus linear dimensions, ultimate pH, cooking loss, water holding capacity (WHC), shear force (SF), color coordinates) were measured after slaughtering all lambs. Longissimus muscle weight was greatest (p < 0.05) for the LL150. For the dissected loin, intermuscular fat content was lowest for the LL0 diet. However, subcutaneous fat content was lower (p < 0.05) in the LL300 diet than LL0 and LL150 diets. Rib fat depth and Musculus longissimus area were greater (p < 0.05) for LL150 than L0. No differences were found in meat pH or color parameters among treatments but WHC and SF were lower in L0 lambs than in lambs fed LL containing diets. Cooking loss was greater for the LL300 diet than the LL0 diet. In summary, quality of meat and carcasses data indicate the possibility of inclusion of LL up to 300 g/kg DM to growing Awassi lambs. DA - 2019/10// PY - 2019/10// DO - 10.3390/ani9100782 VL - 9 IS - 10 SP - SN - 2076-2615 KW - awassi lambs KW - carcass characteristics KW - meat quality KW - layer litter ER - TY - JOUR TI - Listeria monocytogenes at the human-wildlife interface: black bears (Ursus americanus) as potential vehicles for Listeria AU - Parsons, Cameron AU - Niedermeyer, Jeff AU - Gould, Nicholas AU - Brown, Phillip AU - Strules, Jennifer AU - Parsons, Arielle W. AU - Mesa-Cruz, J. Bernardo AU - Kelly, Marcella J. AU - Hooker, Michael J. AU - Chamberlain, Michael J. AU - Olfenbuttel, Colleen AU - DePerno, Christopher AU - Kathariou, Sophia T2 - MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AB - Summary Listeria monocytogenes is the causative agent of the foodborne illness listeriosis, which can result in severe symptoms and death in susceptible humans and other animals. L. monocytogenes is ubiquitous in the environment and isolates from food and food processing, and clinical sources have been extensively characterized. However, limited information is available on L. monocytogenes from wildlife, especially from urban or suburban settings. As urban and suburban areas are expanding worldwide, humans are increasingly encroaching into wildlife habitats, enhancing the frequency of human–wildlife contacts and associated pathogen transfer events. We investigated the prevalence and characteristics of L. monocytogenes in 231 wild black bear capture events between 2014 and 2017 in urban and suburban sites in North Carolina, Georgia, Virginia and United States, with samples derived from 183 different bears. Of the 231 captures, 105 (45%) yielded L. monocytogenes either alone or together with other Listeria . Analysis of 501 samples, primarily faeces, rectal and nasal swabs for Listeria spp . , yielded 777 isolates, of which 537 (70%) were L. monocytogenes. Most L. monocytogenes isolates exhibited serotypes commonly associated with human disease: serotype 1/2a or 3a (57%), followed by the serotype 4b complex (33%). Interestingly, approximately 50% of the serotype 4b isolates had the IVb‐v1 profile, associated with emerging clones of L. monocytogenes. Thus, black bears may serve as novel vehicles for L. monocytogenes , including potentially emerging clones. Our results have significant public health implications as they suggest that the ursine host may preferentially select for L. monocytogenes of clinically relevant lineages over the diverse listerial populations in the environment. These findings also help to elucidate the ecology of L . monocytogenes and highlight the public health significance of the human–wildlife interface. DA - 2019/// PY - 2019/// DO - 10.1111/1751-7915.13509 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Contamination of eggs by Salmonella Enteritidis in experimentally infected laying hens of four commercial genetic lines in conventional cages and enriched colony housing AU - Gast, Richard K AU - Regmi, Prafulla AU - Guraya, Rupa AU - Jones, Deana R AU - Anderson, Kenneth E AU - Karcher, Darrin M T2 - Poultry Science AB - Human illness caused by the consumption of eggs contaminated with Salmonella Enteritidis is a continuing international public health concern. This pathogen is deposited inside the edible contents of eggs as a consequence of its ability to colonize reproductive tissues in infected hens. Conditions in the housing environment can influence the persistence and transmission of avian Salmonella infections, but the food safety ramifications of different poultry management systems are not entirely clear. The present study assessed the deposition of S. Enteritidis inside eggs laid by groups of experimentally infected laying hens of 4 commercial genetic lines (designated as white egg lines W1 and W2 and brown egg lines B1 and B2). Groups of hens from each line were housed at 555 cm2 of floor space per bird in both conventional cages and colony units enriched with access to perches and nesting areas. All hens were orally inoculated with 5.75 × 107 cfu of a 2-strain S. Enteritidis mixture, and the internal contents of eggs laid 5 to 24 D post-inoculation were cultured to detect the pathogen. No significant differences in egg contamination frequencies were found between the 2 housing systems for any of the hen lines. Contaminated eggs were laid between 7 and 21 D post-inoculation at an overall frequency of 2.47%, ranging from 0.25 to 4.38% for the 4 hen lines. The frequency of S. Enteritidis recovery from egg samples was significantly (P < 0.05) lower for line B2 than for any of the other lines, and the egg contamination frequency for line W1 was significantly greater than for line W2. The overall incidence of contamination among white eggs (3.38%) was significantly higher than among brown eggs (1.56%). These results demonstrate that S. Enteritidis deposition inside eggs can vary between genetic lines of infected laying hens, but housing these hens in 2 different systems did not affect the production of contaminated eggs. DA - 2019/10// PY - 2019/10// DO - 10.3382/ps/pez222 VL - 98 IS - 10 SP - 5023-5027 J2 - Poultry Science LA - en OP - SN - 0032-5791 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pez222 DB - Crossref KW - Salmonella Enteritidis KW - laying hens KW - eggs KW - housing systems KW - genetic lines ER - TY - JOUR TI - Meat quality and sensory attributes of meat produced from broiler chickens fed a high oleic peanut diet AU - Toomer, Ondulla T AU - Livingston, Matthew L AU - Wall, Brittany AU - Sanders, Elliot AU - Vu, Thien C AU - Malheiros, Ramon D AU - Livingston, Kim A AU - Carvalho, Luiz Victor AU - Ferket, Peter R T2 - Poultry Science AB - Previous studies have identified peanut meal prepared from normal-oleic peanuts as a suitable and economical ingredient for broiler feed. However, to date, no studies have examined the use of new, high-oleic peanut (HO-PN) cultivars as a feed ingredient for poultry. This project aimed to determine the effect of HO-PNs as a feed ingredient for broiler chickens on the quality and sensory attributes of the meat produced. To test 3 experimental diets, male broiler chicks were randomly placed, at hatch, in raised-wire cages, in 10 replicate pens per treatment with 10 chicks per cage. For 6 wk, chicks were fed, ad libitum, one of the three isocaloric, isonitrogenous diets: (1) a conventional soybean meal plus corn control diet, (2) 10 to 12% HO-PN + corn diet, or (3) a control corn diet spiked with ≈6.0% oleic fatty acid oil (OA). At 42 D, 3 broilers per pen (30 per treatment) were processed to determine meat quality and for consumer evaluation. Carcass weights and breast yields were reduced in broilers fed HO-PN, while leg carcass yields were greater in broilers fed HO-PN in comparison to the other groups. Chicken breast from broilers fed HO-PN had reduced meat-pH, reduced L* color values, and increased cooked loss compared to other treatments. Nevertheless, a group of 100-consumer panelists scored all 3-treatment groups similar in terms of sensory attributes for cooked chicken. While additional studies must be performed, this study suggest that HO-PN may be a suitable broiler feed ingredient. DA - 2019/10// PY - 2019/10// DO - 10.3382/ps/pez258 VL - 98 IS - 10 SP - 5188-5197 J2 - Poultry Science LA - en OP - SN - 0032-5791 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pez258 DB - Crossref KW - meat quality KW - broiler chickens KW - feed ingredients KW - chicken breast sensory attributes KW - high-oleic peanuts ER - TY - JOUR TI - Registration of USDA-N6003LP Soybean Germplasm with Low Seed Phytate AU - Lee, Sungwoo AU - Sung, Mikyung AU - Locke, Anna AU - Taliercio, Earl AU - Whetten, Rebecca AU - Zhang, Bo AU - Carter, Thomas E., Jr. AU - Burton, Joseph W. AU - Mian, M. A. Rouf T2 - JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS AB - Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] meal is the main source of protein in poultry and swine rations worldwide. Phytate, the main storage form of phosphorous in soybean meal, is largely indigestible by monogastric animals and, thus, a major concern both for nutrition and for environmental pollution. USDA‐N6003LP (Reg. no. GP‐435, PI 689999) is a low‐phytate (LP) determinate, lodging‐resistant early maturity group (MG) VI soybean germplasm developed and released jointly by the USDA‐ARS and the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service. USDA‐N6003LP is derived from a backcross (BC1) between recurrent parent ‘NC‐Roy’ and LP donor line USDA CX1834. NC‐Roy is a high‐yielding MG VI cultivar adapted to the southern United States. USDA‐N6003LP has 60% lower phytate and 4.8 times higher inorganic phosphorus (Pi) contents in its seed than the seed of NC‐Roy. It matures approximately 5 d earlier and has larger seed size and better lodging resistance ( P < 0.05) compared with NC‐Roy. Across 17 environments in the USDA Uniform Soybean Tests, Southern States and over four local yield trials in North Carolina, USDA‐N6003LP yielded 91 and 97% of NC‐Roy, respectively. Field emergences of this line in four tests in NC were 79 to 80% compared with 89 to 90% for NC‐Roy. USDA‐N6003LP is the first early MG VI LP germplasm release with good agronomic performance and relatively normal field emergence. It will be useful as parental stock for soybean breeders interested in developing LP soybean cultivars. DA - 2019/9// PY - 2019/9// DO - 10.3198/jpr2018.09.0064crg VL - 13 IS - 3 SP - 427-432 SN - 1940-3496 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Maternal Dietary Protein Intake Influences Milk and Offspring Gut Microbial Diversity in a Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Model AU - Warren, Matthew F. AU - Hallowell, Haley A. AU - Higgins, Keah V. AU - Liles, Mark R. AU - Hood, Wendy R. T2 - NUTRIENTS AB - Historically, investigators have assumed microorganisms identified in mother’s milk to be contaminants, but recent data suggest that milk microbiota may contribute to beneficial maternal effects. Microorganisms that colonize the gastrointestinal tracts of newborn mammals are derived, at least in part, from the maternal microbial population. Milk-derived microbiota is an important source of this microbial inocula and we hypothesized that the maternal diet contributes to variation in this microbial community. To evaluate the relationship between a mother’s diet and milk microbiome, we fed female rats a low- or high-protein diet and mated all individuals. Milk and cecal contents were collected from dams at peak lactation (14-day post-partum), and the bacterial composition of each community was assessed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Our findings revealed higher dietary protein intake decreased fecal microbial diversity but increased milk microbial and pup cecum diversity. Further, the higher dietary protein intake resulted in a greater abundance of potentially health-promoting bacteria, such as Lactobacillus spp. These data suggest that dietary protein levels contribute to significant shifts in the composition of maternal milk microbiota and that the functional consequences of these changes in microbial inocula might be biologically important and should be further explored. DA - 2019/9// PY - 2019/9// DO - 10.3390/nu11092257 VL - 11 IS - 9 SP - SN - 2072-6643 KW - Milk microorganisms KW - bacteria diversity KW - phylogenetic distance KW - 16S rRNA gene sequencing ER - TY - JOUR TI - Microbiological Impact of Delayed Movement of Pullets AU - Eberle-Krish, KristaN. AU - Jones, DeanaR. AU - Gast, RichardK. AU - Robison, CaraI. AU - Anderson, KennethE. AU - Karcher, DarrinM. T2 - Journal of Applied Poultry Research AB - The depopulation of healthy birds during a disease outbreak can impact recovery and further disrupt the food supply. In 2015, the United States faced one of the largest outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza ever confirmed. Many of the 7 million pullets depopulated were healthy but could not be moved to laying facilities because of their location in quarantine zones. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of an early production induced molt on Salmonella and Campylobacter prevalence, as well as total aerobes and Enterobacteriaceae enumeration. Pullets were reared in a cage-free barn from 0 to 16 wk. At 17 wk, pullets were assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: control (AV), floor (FL), enrichment (EN), and molt (MT). AV was moved into an aviary system to begin lay, while FL, EN, and MT were brought into lay in the barn. When production reached 10%, a non-feed withdrawal diet was given to MT for 6 wk. Post-molt, all remaining treatments were moved to the aviary and maintained until 32 wk. Fecal, organ, and egg shell samples were collected and analyzed at the onset of lay, pre-molt, post-molt, and at depopulation to determine prevalence of Salmonella and Campylobacter. Total aerobic and Enterobacteriaceae loads were enumerated for egg shells collected from the litter, nest box, and aviary system wire. There was no difference for Salmonella and Campylobacter prevalence among treatments for all samples. While no difference was found in total aerobe plate counts pre-molt, there was a difference (P < 0.05) in Enterobacteriaceae for AV, FL, and MT. For MT, there was a reduction in total aerobe and Enterobacteriaceae loads from pre-molt to post-molt. While total aerobe and Enterobacteriaceae loads for egg location were found to be significantly different post-molt, biologically, the difference was not enough to be a concern once eggs are washed and sanitized. The results of this study indicate that early production molting of floor-reared pullets has little impact on egg safety once birds are moved into an aviary system. DA - 2019/6// PY - 2019/6// DO - 10.3382/japr/pfy074 VL - 28 IS - 2 SP - 318-328 J2 - Journal of Applied Poultry Research LA - en OP - SN - 1056-6171 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/japr/pfy074 DB - Crossref KW - molt KW - depopulation KW - Salmonella KW - Campylobacter KW - Enterobacteriaceae KW - aerobic plate counts KW - pullets ER - TY - JOUR TI - Blackhead Disease: Recovery of Layer Flock After Disease Challenge AU - Sigmon, C.S. AU - Malheiros, R.D. AU - Anderson, K.E. AU - Payne, J.A. AU - Beckstead, R.B. T2 - Journal of Applied Poultry Research AB - Blackhead disease, caused by the protozoan Histomonas meleagridis, is commonly found in layer pullets raised on the floor. We examined the effects of blackhead disease during the pullet-rearing period and on subsequent productivity during the first 8 wk of the laying cycle. Treatments were (1) uninfected controls and (2) H. meleagridis -infected pullets, with 4 replicate pens/treatment, 32 pullets/pen (Hy-LineW-36). Pullets in the challenge treatment were infected with H. meleagridis on day 18. Four birds/pen were necropsied on days 23 and 28 for lesion scores and day 176 for detection of H. meleagridis. Hens were moved to individual layer cages on day 120 and observed daily for feed consumption, date of first lay and egg production parameters. Pullets were positive for signs of blackhead disease in 83%–90% of infected birds necropsied on days 23 and 28, with average cecal lesion scores of 2.5 and 2.9. No liver lesions were observed. On day 176, 40% of infected birds were positive for H. meleagridis in the ceca. During the laying cycle, there were no significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) between treatments in terms of date of first lay, hen-day egg production, egg weight, feed conversion, egg mass/hen, or other reproduction measurements. These results showed that while there was no long-term effect of blackhead infection on layer productivity under laboratory conditions, H. meleagridis persisted in the flock, providing a reservoir for infection. DA - 2019/9// PY - 2019/9// DO - 10.3382/japr/pfz029 VL - 28 IS - 3 SP - 755-760 J2 - Journal of Applied Poultry Research LA - en OP - SN - 1056-6171 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/japr/pfz029 DB - Crossref KW - Histomonas meleagridis KW - blackhead disease KW - layer pullets KW - egg production ER - TY - JOUR TI - A Novel Peptide Ameliorates LPS-Induced Intestinal Inflammation and Mucosal Barrier Damage via Its Antioxidant and Antiendotoxin Effects AU - Zhang, Lulu AU - Wei, Xubiao AU - Zhang, Rijun AU - Si, Dayong AU - Petitte, James N. AU - Ahmad, Baseer AU - Zhang, Manyi T2 - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES AB - Intestinal inflammation is an inflammatory disease resulting from immune dysregulation in the gut. It can increase the risk of enteric cancer, which is a common malignancy globally. As a new class of anti-inflammatory agents, native peptides have potential for use in the treatment of several intestinal inflammation conditions; however, their potential cytotoxicity and poor anti-inflammatory activity and stability have prevented their development. Hybridization has been proposed to overcome this problem. Thus, in this study, we designed a hybrid peptide (LL-37-TP5, LTP) by combing the active centre of LL-37 (13-36) with TP5. The half-life and cytotoxicity were tested in vitro, and the hybrid peptide showed a longer half-life and lower cytotoxicity than its parental peptides. We also detected the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of LTP on Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal inflammation in murine model. The results showed that LTP effectively prevented LPS-induced weight loss, impairment of intestinal tissues, leukocyte infiltration, and histological evidence of inflammation. Additionally, LTP decreased the levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, and interleukin-6; increased the expression of zonula occludens-1 and occludin; and reduced permeability in the jejunum of LPS-treated mice. Notably, LTP appeared to be more potent than the parental peptides LL-37 and TP5. The anti-inflammatory effects of LTP may be associated with the neutralization of LPS, inhibition of oxidative stress, and inhibition of the NF-κB signalling pathway. The findings of this study suggest that LTP might be an effective therapeutic agent for treating intestinal inflammation. DA - 2019/8/2/ PY - 2019/8/2/ DO - 10.3390/ijms20163974 VL - 20 IS - 16 SP - SN - 1422-0067 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20163974 KW - anti-inflammatory activity KW - anti-oxidation KW - lipopolysaccharide neutralization KW - Intestinal barrier KW - NF-kappa B ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of high concentrations of dietary vitamin D3 on pullet and laying hen performance, skeleton health, eggshell quality, and yolk vitamin D3 content when fed to W36 laying hens from day of hatch until 68 wk of age AU - Wen, J AU - Livingston, K A AU - Persia, M E T2 - Poultry Science AB - The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of various dietary concentrations of vitamin D3 (D3) on pullet and laying hen performance, eggshell quality, bone health, and yolk D3 content from day of hatch until 68 wk of age. Initially, 440 Hy-line W36-day-old chicks were randomly assigned to 5 dietary treatments: 1,681 (control); 8,348; 18,348; 35,014; 68,348 IU D3/kg. At 17 wk of age, pullets were assigned to experimental diets with 12 replicate groups of 6 birds. At 17 wk of age, pullets fed diets containing 8,348 and 35,014 IU D3/kg had an increased bone mineral density in comparison to the control fed birds (P ≤ 0.01). Body weights of pullets fed the diet with 68,348 IU D3/kg were lower than other treatments (P ≤ 0.01). Hen-housed egg production (HHEP) of hens fed the 35,014 IU D3/kg diet was increased in comparison to control-fed hens (P ≤ 0.01), whereas HHEP of those fed 68,348 IU D3/kg diet was reduced in comparison to all other treatments (P ≤ 0.01). Shell breaking strength of eggs from hens fed 8,348, 35,014 and 68,348 IU D3/kg was increased in comparison to eggs from control-fed birds (P ≤ 0.01). Fat-free tibia ash content of hens fed any of the diets supplemented with D3 (8,348 to 68,348 IU D3/kg) was increased in comparison to control-fed hens (P ≤ 0.05). Yolk D3 content increased linearly with dietary D3 and the D3 transfer efficiency for the control, 8,348 IU, 18,348 IU, 35,014 IU, and 68,348 IU D3 treatments were 8.24, 10.29, 11.27, 12.42, and 12.06%, respectively. These data suggest that supplementation of dietary D3 up to 35,014 IU D3/kg feed maintained if not increased laying hen performance and enhanced pullet and laying hen skeletal quality as well as yolk D3 content and eggshell quality. Feeding pullets at a higher level 68,348 IU of D3 resulted in reduced growth and ultimately decreased performance of laying hens. DA - 2019/7/2/ PY - 2019/7/2/ DO - 10.3382/ps/pez386 LA - en OP - SN - 0032-5791 1525-3171 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pez386 DB - Crossref KW - laying hen KW - vitamin D-3 KW - skeleton health KW - eggshell quality KW - yolk vitamin D-3 concentration ER - TY - JOUR TI - Design and Development of a Novel Peptide for Treating Intestinal Inflammation AU - Zhang, Lulu AU - Wei, Xubiao AU - Zhang, Rijun AU - Petitte, Jim N. AU - Si, Dayong AU - Li, Zhongxuan AU - Cheng, Junhao AU - Du, Mengsi T2 - FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY AB - Intestinal inflammatory disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease, are associated with increased proinflammatory cytokine secretion in the intestines. Furthermore, intestinal inflammation increases the risk of enteric cancer, which is a common malignancy globally. Native anti-inflammatory peptides are a class of anti-inflammatory agents that could be used in the treatment of several intestinal inflammation conditions. However, potential cytotoxicity and poor anti-inflammatory activity have prevented their development as anti-inflammatory agents. Therefore, in this study, we designed and developed a novel hybrid peptide for the treatment of intestinal inflammation. Eight hybrid peptides were designed by combining the active centers of antimicrobial peptides, including LL-37 (13-36), YW12D, innate defense regulator 1, and cathelicidin 2 (1-13) with thymopentin or the active center of thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) (17-24). The hybrid peptide, LL-37-Tα1 (LTA), had improved anti-inflammatory activity with minimal cytotoxicity. LTA was screened by molecule docking and in vitro experiments. Likewise, its anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms were also evaluated using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal inflammation murine model. The results showed that LTA prevented LPS-induced impairment in the jejunum epithelium tissues and infiltration of leukocytes, which are both histological markers of inflammation. Additionally, LTA reduced the CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocyte ratio and decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, and interleukin-6. LTA increased the expression of zonula occludens-1 and occludin, and reduced permeability and apoptosis in the jejunum of LPS-treated mice. Additionally, its anti-inflammatory effect is associated with neutralizing LPS, binding to the Toll-like receptor 4-myeloid differentiation factor 2 (TLR4/MD-2) complex, and modulating the nuclear factor-kappa B signal transduction pathway. The findings of this study suggest that LTA may be an effective therapeutic agent in the treatment of intestinal inflammation. DA - 2019/8/6/ PY - 2019/8/6/ DO - 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01841 VL - 10 SP - SN - 1664-3224 UR - http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/31447849 KW - anti-inflammatory activity KW - toll-like receptor KW - molecular dynamics simulation KW - lipopolysaccharide neutralization KW - intestinal barrier KW - NF-kappa B ER - TY - JOUR TI - PCR detection of Heterakis gallinarum in environmental samples AU - Cupo, Katherine L. AU - Beckstead, Robert B. T2 - VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY AB - Heterakis gallinarum is a widely distributed cecal nematode that parasitizes gallinaceous birds including chickens and turkeys. H. gallinarum infection poses a problem for the poultry industry as the nematode egg serves as a vector for the protozoan parasite, Histomonas meleagridis, the causative agent of histomonosis. The only means of detecting H. gallinarum in the environment is microscopic identification of the eggs in soil or feces; however, H. gallinarum eggs are often mistaken for those of Ascaridia galli. Three primer sets were designed from sequences cloned from the H. gallinarum genome to develop a diagnostic PCR. Each of these primer sets amplified a single product from H. gallinarum, but were unable to amplify DNA from H. meleagridis, Ascaridia galli, or Cestode sp. H. gallinarum DNA was amplified from Lumbricus sp. (earthworms) and Alphitobius diaperinus (darkling beetles), confirming that the earthworm acts as a paratenic host for H. gallinarum and suggesting that the darkling beetle may be a carrier for this nematode. DA - 2019/7// PY - 2019/7// DO - 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.05.011 VL - 271 SP - 1-6 SN - 1873-2550 KW - Diagnostic PCR KW - Heterakis gallinarum KW - Histomonas meleagridis KW - Earthworm KW - Darkling beetle ER - TY - JOUR TI - Glutamine synthetase in avian muscle contributes to a positive myogenic response to ammonia compared with mammalian muscle AU - Stern, Rachel Allysa AU - Mozdziak, Paul E. T2 - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY AB - In mammalian models of cirrhosis, plasma ammonia concentration increases, having numerous adverse effects, including sarcopenia. The objective of this study was to identify differences between avian and mammalian myogenic response to applied ammonia and glutamine. Primary chicken breast and thigh, primary rat, and C2C12 myotubes were treated with ammonium acetate (AA, 10 mM) or glutamine (10 mM) for 24 h and compared with sodium acetate (10 mM) and untreated controls. Myostatin mRNA was significantly higher in C2C12 and rat myotubes treated with AA compared with glutamine and controls (P < 0.01), whereas myostatin was unchanged in chicken myotubes. AA-treated C2C12 myotubes had significantly higher glutamine synthetase (GS) mRNA expression compared with controls, but GS protein expression was unchanged. In contrast, GS mRNA expression was unchanged in thigh myotubes, but GS protein expression was significantly higher in AA-treated thigh myotubes (P < 0.05). In both breast and thigh myotubes, intracellular glutamine concentration was significantly increased in AA- and glutamine-treated myotubes compared with controls but was only increased in glutamine-treated C2C12 and rat myotubes (P < 0.05). Glutamine concentration was significantly higher in all treatment media collected from avian myotube cultures compared with both C2C12 and rat media (P < 0.01). Myotube diameter was significantly larger in avian myotubes after treatment with both AA and glutamine (P < 0.05). C2C12 and rat myotubes had a significantly smaller myotube diameter after AA treatment (P < 0.001). Altogether, these data support species differences in skeletal muscle ammonia metabolism and suggest that glutamine synthesis is a mechanism of ammonia utilization in avian muscle. DA - 2019/7// PY - 2019/7// DO - 10.1152/ajpregu.00232.2018 VL - 317 IS - 1 SP - R214-R221 SN - 1522-1490 KW - ammonia KW - cirrhosis KW - glutamine KW - glutamine synthetase KW - muscle ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genetic analysis of production, physiological, and egg quality traits in heat-challenged commercial white egg-laying hens using 600k SNP array data AU - Rowland, Kaylee AU - Ashwell, Chris M. AU - Persia, Michael E. AU - Rothschild, Max F. AU - Schmidt, Carl AU - Lamont, Susan J. T2 - GENETICS SELECTION EVOLUTION AB - Heat stress negatively affects the welfare and production of chickens. High ambient temperature is considered one of the most ubiquitous abiotic environmental challenges to laying hens around the world. In this study, we recorded several production traits, feed intake, body weight, digestibility, and egg quality of 400 commercial white egg-laying hens before and during a 4-week heat treatment. For the phenotypes that had estimated heritabilities (using 600k SNP chip data) higher than 0, SNP associations were tested using the same 600k genotype data. Seventeen phenotypes had heritability estimates higher than 0, including measurements at various time points for feed intake, feed efficiency, body weight, albumen weight, egg quality expressed in Haugh units, egg mass, and also for change in egg mass from prior to heat exposure to various time points during the 4-week heat treatment. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified for 10 of these 17 phenotypes. Some of the phenotypes shared QTL including Haugh units before heat exposure and after 4 weeks of heat treatment. Estimated heritabilities differed from 0 for 17 traits, which indicates that they are under genetic control and that there is potential for improving these traits through selective breeding. The association of different QTL with the same phenotypes before heat exposure and during heat treatment indicates that genomic control of traits under heat stress is distinct from that under thermoneutral conditions. This study contributes to the knowledge on the genomic control of response to heat stress in laying hens. DA - 2019/6/25/ PY - 2019/6/25/ DO - 10.1186/s12711-019-0474-6 VL - 51 IS - 1 SP - SN - 1297-9686 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Necroptosis mediators RIPK3 and MLKL suppress intracellular Listeria replication independently of host cell killing AU - Sai, Kazuhito AU - Parsons, Cameron AU - House, John S. AU - Kathariou, Sophia AU - Ninomiya-Tsuji, Jun T2 - JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY AB - RIPK3, a key mediator of necroptosis, has been implicated in the host defense against viral infection primary in immune cells. However, gene expression analysis revealed that RIPK3 is abundantly expressed not only in immune organs but also in the gastrointestinal tract, particularly in the small intestine. We found that orally inoculated Listeria monocytogenes, a bacterial foodborne pathogen, efficiently spread and caused systemic infection in Ripk3-deficient mice while almost no dissemination was observed in wild-type mice. Listeria infection activated the RIPK3-MLKL pathway in cultured cells, which resulted in suppression of intracellular replication of Listeria Surprisingly, Listeria infection-induced phosphorylation of MLKL did not result in host cell killing. We found that MLKL directly binds to Listeria and inhibits their replication in the cytosol. Our findings have revealed a novel functional role of the RIPK3-MLKL pathway in nonimmune cell-derived host defense against Listeria invasion, which is mediated through cell death-independent mechanisms. DA - 2019/6// PY - 2019/6// DO - 10.1083/jcb.201810014 VL - 218 IS - 6 SP - 1994-2005 SN - 1540-8140 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The effects of coarse corn and refined functional carbohydrates on the live performance and cecal Salmonella prevalence in coccidiosis-vaccinated broilers AU - Caraway, C T AU - Walker, G K AU - Brake, J T2 - Poultry Science AB - The interaction between corn particle size and feed additives as it pertains to broiler live performance has been overlooked. This study evaluated the effects of corn particle size and refined-functional carbohydrates (RFC; 100 g/MT) on live performance and Salmonella prevalence in coccidiosis-vaccinated broilers. The following treatments were applied: fine corn (FC), coarse corn (CC), FC+RFC, CC+RFC, and CC+SAL (salinomycin). A natural, non-experimental necrotic enteritis (NE) outbreak began at 12 D of age, and mortality was impacted by dietary treatments. The use of RFC was observed to increase NE-associated mortality compared to broilers fed CC+SAL (P ≤ 0.10). At 19 D, greater than 50% of all broilers were found to be Salmonella-positive; however, at 48 D the use of RFC was shown to decrease cecal Salmonella prevalence. Although differences in early mortality were observed, coccidiosis-vaccinated broilers fed CC or CC+RFC exhibited similar BW and FCR as broilers fed CC+SAL at 48 D (P ≤ 0.05). These data suggested that CC use after 10 D may provide value in a production system free of antibiotic growth promoters and coccidiostats by ameliorating live performance losses associated with coccidiosis vaccination. Further research is warranted to determine how RFC and CC specifically affect Eimeria cycling and the immune response following coccidiosis vaccination and an NE challenge. DA - 2019/6/10/ PY - 2019/6/10/ DO - 10.3382/ps/pez302 SN - 0032-5791 1525-3171 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pez302 KW - broiler KW - particle size KW - coccidiosis vaccine KW - Salmonella KW - antibiotic-free ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genome-wide association study of seed protein, oil and amino acid contents in soybean from maturity groups I to IV AU - Lee, Sungwoo AU - Van, Kyujung AU - Sung, Mikyung AU - Nelson, Randall AU - LaMantia, Jonathan AU - McHale, Leah K. AU - Mian, M. A. Rouf T2 - THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS AB - Genomic regions associated with seed protein, oil and amino acid contents were identified by genome-wide association analyses. Geographic distributions of haplotypes indicate scope of improvement of these traits. Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] protein and oil are used worldwide in feed, food and industrial materials. Increasing seed protein and oil contents is important; however, protein content is generally negatively correlated with oil content. We conducted a genome-wide association study using phenotypic data collected from five environments for 621 accessions in maturity groups I–IV and 34,014 markers to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for seed content of protein, oil and several essential amino acids. Three and five genomic regions were associated with seed protein and oil contents, respectively. One, three, one and four genomic regions were associated with cysteine, methionine, lysine and threonine content (g kg−1 crude protein), respectively. As previously shown, QTL on chromosomes 15 and 20 were associated with seed protein and oil contents, with both exhibiting opposite effects on the two traits, and the chromosome 20 QTL having the most significant effect. A multi-trait mixed model identified trait-specific QTL. A QTL on chromosome 5 increased oil with no effect on protein content, and a QTL on chromosome 10 increased protein content with little effect on oil content. The chromosome 10 QTL co-localized with maturity gene E2/GmGIa. Identification of trait-specific QTL indicates feasibility to reduce the negative correlation between protein and oil contents. Haplotype blocks were defined at the QTL identified on chromosomes 5, 10, 15 and 20. Frequencies of positive effect haplotypes varied across maturity groups and geographic regions, providing guidance on which alleles have potential to contribute to soybean improvement for specific regions. DA - 2019/6// PY - 2019/6// DO - 10.1007/s00122-019-03304-5 VL - 132 IS - 6 SP - 1639-1659 SN - 1432-2242 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Validation of an ampicillin selection protocol to enrich for mutants of Listeria monocytogenes unable to replicate on fresh produce AU - Jayeola, Victor AU - Parsons, C. AU - Gorski, L. AU - Kathariou, S. T2 - FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS AB - ABSTRACT Several outbreaks of listeriosis have implicated fresh produce but genetic factors required for growth of Listeria monocytogenes on produce remain poorly characterized. Based on the fact that β-lactam antibiotics only kill bacterial cells that are growing, we hypothesized that ampicillin selection can enrich for L. monocytogenes mutants unable to grow on produce. For validation, we examined relative recovery of L. monocytogenes strain 2011L-2858 and its cold-sensitive mutant L1E4 following inoculation of cantaloupe rind fragments with 1:1 mixture of the strains and incubation at 4°C with or without ampicillin. Listeria monocytogenes from rind fragments inoculated with the mixed cultures and incubated in the presence of ampicillin were used to inoculate fresh rind fragments for a second round of enrichment. In the presence of ampicillin, the proportion of L1E4 increased from 55% on day 0 to 78% on day 14, with higher recovery (85% after 14 days) in the second round of enrichment. These data suggested that L1E4 was enriched on cantaloupe rind fragments while growing cells of the wildtype were killed by ampicillin. Application of this protocol to transposon mutant libraries from three L. monocytogenes strains yielded several mutants unable to grow on cantaloupe. Thus, ampicillin selection can facilitate discovery of genes essential for growth of L. monocytogenes on fresh produce. DA - 2019/4// PY - 2019/4// DO - 10.1093/femsle/fnz076 VL - 366 IS - 7 SP - SN - 1574-6968 KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - growth KW - mutants KW - genes KW - produce KW - cantaloupe KW - ampicillin selection ER - TY - JOUR TI - Temporal characterization of wooden breast myopathy ("woody breast") severity and correlation with growth rate and lymphocytic phlebitis in three commercial broiler strains and a random-bred broiler strain AU - Chen, Laura R. AU - Suyemoto, M. Mitsu AU - Sarsour, Albarra H. AU - Cordova, H. Alejandro AU - Oviedo-Rondon, Edgar O. AU - Wineland, Michael AU - Barnes, H. John AU - Borst, Luke B. T2 - AVIAN PATHOLOGY AB - Wooden breast myopathy (WBM), or “woody breast” or “wooden breast” affects modern, rapidly growing, high breast-yield broiler chickens. Decreased meat quality due to undesirable organoleptic properties and condemnation of affected breast meat cause economic losses. The pathogenesis of WBM remains unknown. In this study, WBM lesion development was determined in three modern broiler strains and Athens Canadian Random Bred (ACRB) broilers, a 1950s unselected broiler chicken. Correlations between WBM severity and incubation temperature profile, sex, strain, body weight, and lymphocytic phlebitis were also determined. At 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of age, samples of breast muscle from 10 male and 10 female birds from each strain, incubated under optimal or low-early, high-late temperatures, were scored histologically for severity of WBM and lymphocytic phlebitis. WBM lesions, identified as early as 2 weeks, became progressively more severe with age and growth in the three commercial broiler strains. WBM severity was significantly correlated with lymphocytic phlebitis and body weight. Lymphocytic phlebitis and minimal WBM were present in the ACRB broilers at all samplings, but did not progress in severity over time. There were no significant differences in severity of WBM among the commercial broiler strains, between sexes, or between incubation temperature profiles. The positive correlation between WBM severity and lymphocytic phlebitis indicates vascular injury is likely an important factor in the pathogenesis. Mild muscle lesions in ACRB birds without overt clinical signs indicate subclinical muscle disease may have been present in broilers prior to the description of WBM. DA - 2019/7/4/ PY - 2019/7/4/ DO - 10.1080/03079457.2019.1598541 VL - 48 IS - 4 SP - 319-328 SN - 1465-3338 KW - Athens Canadian Random Bred KW - broiler chickens KW - growth rate KW - incubation temperature KW - lymphocytic phlebitis KW - pectoralis major muscle KW - wooden breast myopathy ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dietary potassium and available phosphorous on broiler growth performance, carcass characteristics, and wooden breast AU - Livingston, M L AU - Landon, C D AU - Barnes, H J AU - Brake, J AU - Livingston, K A T2 - Poultry Science AB - Broiler dietary potassium (K) and available phosphorous (AvP) have decreased in recent years but both ions are intimately involved in the elimination of hydrogen ions that are produced during rapid growth. It was hypothesized that the decrease of these dietary electrolytes was related to the development of myopathies, and thus increased dietary K and/or AvP would reduce the occurrence of breast myopathies. A total of 320 Ross male broiler chicks were placed into 16 pens and fed 2 diet series containing either decreasing AvP levels of 0.45, 0.40, and 0.35% in the starter, grower, and finisher diets, respectively (Decline), or a fixed AvP of 0.45% in all dietary phases (Fixed). To complete a 2 × 2 design either normal basal dietary K (K-) (0.86, 0.77, 0.68%) or added dietary K (K+) (1.01, 0.93, 0.88%) were also applied to starter, grower, and finisher diets, respectively. Blood physiology was measured at 29 and 42 d. Carcass data, wooden breast and white striping scores were measured at 35 and 43 d. The K+ diets improved feed conversion ratio at 35 d (1.52 vs 1.57 g: g), reduced body weight at 42 d (3524 vs 3584 g), reduced hemoglobin (6.83 vs 7.58 g/dL), and packed cell volume (20.1 vs 22.3%) at 29 d, reduced ionized blood calcium (1.42 vs 1.47 mmol/L) at 42 d, and reduced partial pressure of blood CO2 (49.1 vs 54.7 mm/Hg) at 42 d relative to broilers fed basal K- diets (P < 0.05). Fixed AvP diets improved feed conversion ratio at 28 and 42 d, increased percentage breast meat (28.85 vs 27.58%) and carcass water pickup (2.72 vs 1.42%) at 35 d, and reduced wooden breast (2.88 vs 3.69) at 43 d (P < 0.05). DA - 2019/1/25/ PY - 2019/1/25/ DO - 10.3382/ps/pez015 LA - en OP - SN - 0032-5791 1525-3171 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pez015 DB - Crossref KW - wooden breast KW - broilers KW - electrolytes KW - myopathies ER - TY - JOUR TI - Differential ammonia metabolism and toxicity between avian and mammalian species, and effect of ammonia on skeletal muscle: A comparative review AU - Stern, Rachel A. AU - Mozdziak, Paul E. T2 - JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND ANIMAL NUTRITION AB - Abstract Comparative aspects of ammonia toxicity, specific to liver and skeletal muscle and skeletal muscle metabolism between avian and mammalian species are discussed in the context of models for liver disease and subsequent skeletal muscle wasting. The purpose of this review is to present species differences in ammonia metabolism and to specifically highlight observed differences in skeletal muscle response to excess ammonia in avian species. Ammonia, which is produced during protein catabolism and is an essential component of nucleic acid and protein biosynthesis, is detoxified mainly in the liver. While the liver is consistent as the main organ responsible for ammonia detoxification, there are evolutionary differences in ammonia metabolism and nitrogen excretory products between avian and mammalian species. In patients with liver disease and all mammalian models, inadequate ammonia detoxification and successive increased circulating ammonia concentration, termed hyperammonemia, leads to severe skeletal muscle atrophy, increased apoptosis and reduced protein synthesis, altogether having deleterious effects on muscle size and strength. Previously, an avian embryonic model, designed to determine the effects of increased circulating ammonia on muscle development, revealed that ammonia elicits a positive myogenic response. Specifically, induced hyperammonemia in avian embryos resulted in a reduction in myostatin, a well‐known inhibitor of muscle growth, expression, whereas myostatin expression is significantly increased in mammalian models of hyperammonemia. These interesting findings imply that species differences in ammonia metabolism allow avians to utilize ammonia for growth. Understanding the intrinsic physiological mechanisms that allow for ammonia to be utilized for growth has potential to reveal novel approaches to muscle growth in avian species and will provide new targets for preventing muscle degeneration in mammalian species. DA - 2019/5// PY - 2019/5// DO - 10.1111/jpn.13080 VL - 103 IS - 3 SP - 774-785 SN - 1439-0396 KW - ammonia KW - avian KW - cirrhosis KW - liver KW - mammalian KW - muscle ER - TY - JOUR TI - Natural Selection Footprints Among African Chicken Breeds and Village Ecotypes AU - Elbeltagy, Ahmed R. AU - Bertolini, Francesca AU - Fleming, Damarius S. AU - Van Goor, Angelica AU - Ashwell, Chris M. AU - Schmidt, Carl J. AU - Kugonza, Donald R. AU - Lamont, Susan J. AU - Rothschild, Max F. T2 - FRONTIERS IN GENETICS AB - Natural selection is likely a major factor in shaping genomic variation of the African indigenous rural chicken, driving the development of genetic footprints. Selection footprints are expected to be associated with adaptation to locally prevailing environmental stressors, which may include diverse factors as high altitude, disease resistance, poor nutrition, oxidative and heat stresses. To determine the existence of a selection footprint, 268 birds were randomly sampled from three indigenous ecotypes from East Africa (Rwanda and Uganda) and North Africa (Baladi), and two registered Egyptian breeds (Dandarawi and Fayoumi). Samples were genotyped using the chicken Affymetrix 600K Axiom® Array. A total of 494,332 SNPs were utilized in the downstream analysis after implementing quality control measures. The intra-population runs of homozygosity (ROH) that occurred in >50% of individuals of an ecotype or in >75% of a breed were studied. To identify inter-population differentiation due to genetic structure, FST was calculated for North- vs. East-African populations and Baladi and Fayoumi vs. Dandarawi for overlapping windows (500 kb with a step-size of 250 kb). The ROH and FST mapping detected several selective sweeps on different autosomes. Results reflected selection footprints of the environmental stresses, breed behavior, and management. Intra-population ROH of the Egyptian chickens showed selection footprints bearing genes for adaptation to heat, solar radiation, ion transport and immunity. The high-altitude-adapted East-African populations' ROH showed a selection signature with genes for angiogenesis, oxygen-heme binding and transport. The neuroglobin gene (GO:0019825 and GO:0015671) was detected on a Chromosome 5 ROH of Rwanda-Uganda ecotypes. The sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter, SLC6A2 on a Chromosome 11 ROH in Fayoumi breed may reflect its active behavior. Inter-population FST among Egyptian populations reflected genetic mechanisms for the Fayoumi resistance to Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV), while FST between Egyptian and Rwanda-Uganda populations indicated the Secreted frizzled related protein 2, SFRP2, (GO:0009314) on Chromosome 4, that contributes to melanogenic activity and most likely enhances the Dandarawi chicken adaptation to high-intensity of solar radiation in Southern Egypt. These results enhance our understanding of the natural selection forces role in shaping genomic structure for adaptation to the stressful African conditions. DA - 2019/5/8/ PY - 2019/5/8/ DO - 10.3389/fgene.2019.00376 VL - 10 SP - SN - 1664-8021 KW - selection signatures KW - environmental stresses KW - African chicken KW - F-ST KW - runs of homozygosity ER - TY - JOUR TI - Delayed Feeding Alters Transcriptional and Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Hepatic Metabolic Pathways in Peri-Hatch Broiler Chicks AU - Hicks, Julie A. AU - Porter, Tom E. AU - Sunny, Nishanth E. AU - Liu, Hsiao-Ching T2 - GENES AB - Hepatic fatty acid oxidation of yolk lipoproteins provides the main energy source for chick embryos. Post-hatching these yolk lipids are rapidly exhausted and metabolism switches to a carbohydrate-based energy source. We recently demonstrated that many microRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of hepatic metabolic pathways during this metabolic switching. MiRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression in most eukaryotes. To further elucidate the roles of miRNAs in the metabolic switch, we used delayed feeding for 48 h to impede the hepatic metabolic switch. We found that hepatic expression of several miRNAs including miR-33, miR-20b, miR-34a, and miR-454 was affected by delaying feed consumption for 48 h. For example, we found that delayed feeding resulted in increased miR-20b expression and conversely reduced expression of its target FADS1, an enzyme involved in fatty acid synthesis. Interestingly, the expression of a previously identified miR-20b regulator FOXO3 was also higher in delayed fed chicks. FOXO3 also functions in protection of cells from oxidative stress. Delayed fed chicks also had much higher levels of plasma ketone bodies than their normal fed counterparts. This suggests that delayed fed chicks rely almost exclusively on lipid oxidation for energy production and are likely under higher oxidative stress. Thus, it is possible that FOXO3 may function to both limit lipogenesis as well as to help protect against oxidative stress in peri-hatch chicks until the initiation of feed consumption. This is further supported by evidence that the FOXO3-regulated histone deacetylase (HDAC2) was found to recognize the FASN (involved in fatty acid synthesis) chicken promoter in a yeast one-hybrid assay. Expression of FASN mRNA was lower in delayed fed chicks until feed consumption. The present study demonstrated that many transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms, including miRNA, form a complex interconnected regulatory network that is involved in controlling lipid and glucose molecular pathways during the metabolic transition in peri-hatch chicks. DA - 2019/4// PY - 2019/4// DO - 10.3390/genes10040272 VL - 10 IS - 4 SP - SN - 2073-4425 KW - chicken KW - metabolic switch KW - microRNA ER - TY - JOUR TI - Holistic view of intestinal health in poultry AU - Oviedo-Rondon, Edgar O. T2 - ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AB - The intestinal health of poultry has broad implications for the systemic health of birds, animal welfare, the production efficiency of flocks, food safety, and environmental impact. The importance of this topic has grown over the past two decades and this was the focus of this workshop arranged to provide a forum for discussion and mutual learning by sharing experiences, scientific information and demonstrations of comparative effects of multiple factors that affect intestinal health under controlled conditions. This special issue is the product of that workshop. This first paper reviews the multiple aspects that can affect the intestinal health of poultry, and individual factors are then addressed in more detail in subsequent papers. However, some factors, like breeder intestinal health, incubation conditions, early feeding, water quality, housing conditions, feedstuff quality, mycotoxin and rancidity, and grain drying will be discussed herein since will not be covered in detail elsewhere in the issue. The objective of this paper is to offer a great overview of intestinal health in poultry production and emphasize that a holistic approach is necessary when trying to minimize these dysbiosis and enteric diseases. DA - 2019/4// PY - 2019/4// DO - 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.01.009 VL - 250 SP - 1-8 SN - 1873-2216 KW - Intestinal health KW - Holistic KW - Antibiotic free KW - Poultry KW - Dysbacteriosis KW - Gut microbiota modulation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Best practices: Mixing and sampling AU - Fahrenholz, A. C. T2 - ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AB - In the manufacture of animal food, proper mixing is of utmost importance, no matter whether one is concerned about the inclusion of an additive, nutritional adequacy, or simply the general quality of the finished product. In order to produce a high quality, homogenous mixture, it is important to put into place good practices for both processes and sampling procedures utilized for process evaluation. However, producing a properly mixed animal food actually begins well before the mixing process itself, with a number of important steps in manufacturing coming first, including receiving, grinding, and batching of ingredients. At the mixer, feed mills should be concerned with proper ingredient addition order, appropriate mixer fill, and dry mix, wet mix, and discharge times. As with any process, attention must also be given to preventive maintenance and repairs as necessary. With all of these things in mind, a well-designed quality assurance program, including the use of statistical process control to provide data-driven reviews of performance, is key to ensuring that each of the processes throughout the feed mill do not place limits on the effectiveness of mixing, and that mixing itself is adequate. DA - 2019/4// PY - 2019/4// DO - 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.09.017 VL - 250 SP - 51-52 SN - 1873-2216 KW - Quality assurance KW - Feed manufacturing KW - Mixing ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dietary supplementation with peanut skin polyphenolic extracts (PSPE) reduces hepatic lipid and glycogen stores in mice fed an atherogenic diet AU - Toomer, Ondulla T. AU - Vu, Thien AU - Pereira, Marion AU - Williams, Kristina T2 - JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS AB - The polyphenolic compounds found in red wine, grapes and peanut skins are bioactive compounds responsible for reduced mortality rates associated with cardiovascular disease. Resveratrol, a polyphenol found in the skin of grapes, reduced liver lipids and inflammation in mice fed an atherogenic diet. We aimed to assess the effects of polyphenolic compounds extracted from peanut skins by testing 3 treatments in mice (n = 10): atherogenic diet supplemented with peanut-skin polyphenolic extract (PSPE), atherogenic diet (ATH), and normal diet. Lymphocyte populations, blood glucose, hepatic cholesterol and glycogen and body weight (BW) were quantified at16 weeks. Mice fed the PSPE-diet had significantly improved BW, reduced hepatic glycogen and blood plasma glucose levels in comparison to the ATH treatment group. Moreover, hepatic cholesterol and lipid storage was reduced in mice fed the PSPE diet. Thus, PSPE could serve as a value added food and/or feed ingredient and an affordable plant source of antioxidants. DA - 2019/4// PY - 2019/4// DO - 10.1016/j.jff.2019.02.041 VL - 55 SP - 362-370 SN - 1756-4646 KW - Peanut skins KW - Peanut skin polyphenolic extracts KW - Functional food ingredients KW - Plant polyphenolic extracts ER - TY - JOUR TI - Alterations in cellular and viral microRNA and cellular gene expression in Marek's disease virus-transformed T-cell lines treated with sodium butyrate AU - Hicks, Julie A. AU - Trakooljul, Nares AU - Liu, Hsiao-Ching T2 - POULTRY SCIENCE AB - A shared feature of herpesviruses is their ability to enter a latent state following an initially lytic infection. Marek's disease virus serotype 1 (MDV-1) is an oncogenic avian herpesvirus. Small RNA profiling studies have suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in viral latency. Sodium butyrate treatment is known to induce herpesvirus reactivation. The present study was undertaken to determine transcriptome and miRNome changes induced by sodium butyrate in 2 MDV-transformed cell lines, RP2 and CU115. In the first 24 h post-treatment, microarray analysis of transcriptional changes in cell lines RP2 and CU115 identified 137 and 114 differentially expressed genes, respectively. Small RNA deep-sequencing analysis identified 17 cellular miRNAs that were differentially expressed. The expression of MDV-encoded miRNAs was also altered upon treatment. Many of the genes and miRNAs that are differentially expressed are involved in regulation of the cell cycle, mitosis, DNA metabolism, and lymphocyte differentiation. DA - 2019/2// PY - 2019/2// DO - 10.3382/ps/pey412 VL - 98 IS - 2 SP - 642-652 SN - 1525-3171 KW - Marek's disease virus KW - latency KW - transformation KW - microRNA KW - microarray ER - TY - JOUR TI - Enrichment of the amnion with threonine in chicken embryos affects the small intestine development, ileal gene expression and performance of broilers between 1 and 21 days of age AU - Moreira Filho, A. L. B. AU - Ferket, P. R. AU - Malheiros, R. D. AU - Oliveira, C. J. B. AU - Aristimunha, P. C. AU - Wilsmann, D. E. AU - Givisiez, P. E. N. T2 - POULTRY SCIENCE AB - The effects of in ovo feeding with threonine (Thr) on intestinal morphology, ileal gene expression and performance of broiler chicken between 1 and 21 d of age (d) were assessed. On day 17.5 of incubation, fertile eggs were randomly allotted to 5 treatments of Thr injection in the amniotic fluid (0; 1.75; 3.5; 5.25; 7%, corresponding to 17.5; 35; 52.5 and 70 mg Thr/mL). After hatch, chicks were given a commercial corn-soybean diet up to 21 d. Daily feed intake (FI), body weight (BW), and food conversion ratio (FCR) were measured from 1 to 7, 14, and 21 d of age. The ileal gene expression of mucin (MUC2), peptide transporter (PepT1), and aminopeptidase enzyme (APN) were evaluated on day of hatch and at 21 d, as well as intestinal morphometric traits. In ovo feeding with threonine significantly increased final weight (FI) and weight gain (WG) and decreased FCR in the period from 1 to 21 d. Threonine levels affected beneficially the villus height, vilo: crypt ratio and villus area on day of hatch and at 21 d. At hatch, all Thr levels increased the expression of MUC2 and PepT1 compared to the control group. APN expression also increased, but for the lowest and the highest threonine levels (1.75 and 7%). At 21 d, there was no effect of threonine on the expression of MUC2, PepT1, and APN. In conclusion, in ovo threonine feeding beneficially affected the morphological and functional development of the intestinal mucosa, which ensured improved performance of chicks at hatch and at 21 d. DA - 2019/3// PY - 2019/3// DO - 10.3382/ps/pey461 VL - 98 IS - 3 SP - 1363-1370 SN - 1525-3171 KW - embryonic development KW - intestinal mucosa KW - mucin production KW - nutrient absorption ER - TY - JOUR TI - Colonization of internal organs by Salmonella Enteritidis in experimentally infected laying hens of four commercial genetic lines in conventional cages and enriched colony housing AU - Gast, Richard K AU - Regmi, Prafulla AU - Guraya, Rupa AU - Jones, Deana R AU - Anderson, Kenneth E AU - Karcher, Darrin M T2 - Poultry Science AB - The prevalence of Salmonella Enteritidis in commercial egg-laying flocks is a prominent public health concern because contaminated eggs cause human illness. Deposition of this pathogen inside eggs results from bacterial colonization of reproductive tissues in infected hens. Environmental conditions can influence avian Salmonella infections, but the food safety consequences of different poultry housing systems remain uncertain. The present study assessed the invasion of internal organs by Salmonella Enteritidis in groups of experimentally infected laying hens of four commercial genetic lines (designated as white egg lines W1 and W2 and brown egg lines B1 and B2). Groups of hens from each line were housed at 555 cm2 of floor space per bird in both conventional cages and colony units enriched with access to perches and nesting areas. All hens were orally inoculated with 5.75 × 107 colony-forming units of a two-strain Salmonella Enteritidis mixture. At 6 to 7 d post-inoculation, hens were euthanized, and samples of liver, spleen, ovary, oviduct, and intestinal tract were removed for bacteriologic culturing. The frequency of Salmonella Enteritidis recovery from intestinal samples was significantly (P < 0.05) greater for the two white egg lines combined than for the two brown egg lines combined in both conventional cage (72.2% vs. 50.0%) and enriched colony housing systems (66.7% vs. 37.5%). The frequency of intestinal Salmonella Enteritidis isolation from line B1 was significantly higher from hens in conventional cages (47.2%) than in enriched colonies (22.2%), but no differences were observed for other hen lines. Line W1 yielded more positive intestinal samples than either brown egg line in conventional cages, and line B2 had fewer positive intestinal samples than all other lines in enriched colonies. There were no significant differences between hen lines or housing systems in Salmonella Enteritidis isolation from other internal organs. These results demonstrate that Salmonella Enteritidis colonization of the intestinal tract can vary between genetic lines of egg-laying hens and that some lines are subject to housing system influences on Salmonella susceptibility. DA - 2019/4// PY - 2019/4// DO - 10.3382/ps/pey541 VL - 98 IS - 4 SP - 1785-1790 J2 - Poultry Science LA - en OP - SN - 0032-5791 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pey541 DB - Crossref KW - Salmonella Enteritidis KW - laying hens KW - internal organs KW - housing systems KW - genetic lines ER - TY - JOUR TI - Peanut skin phenolic extract attenuates hyperglycemic responses in vivo and in vitro AU - Christman, Lindsey M. AU - Dean, Lisa L. AU - Allen, Jonathan C. AU - Godinez, Sofia Feng AU - Toomer, Ondulla T. T2 - PLOS ONE AB - Diabetes affects at least 285 million people globally, and this number continues to increase. Clinical complications include impaired glucose metabolism, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Evidence has shown that natural phenolics play a protective effect on both the development and management of type 2 diabetes. This study evaluated effects of the extract from peanut skins containing polyphenols on induced- hyperglycemia using in vivo and in vitro methods. A human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cell line (HepG2) was used to investigate the effect of the peanut skin extract on cell viability after exposure to high glucose concentrations. In vivo, the effect of peanut skin extract on an oral glucose tolerance was investigated in human subjects. Fifteen participants aged 21–32 underwent an oral glucose tolerance test with five treatments: 1) 50-gram glucose solution (reference); 2). 50-gram glucose solution, followed by 12 mg of vegi-capsulated maltodextrin; 3) 50-gram glucose solution, followed by 120 mg of vegi-capsulated maltodextrin-encapsulated peanut skin extract; 4). 50-gram glucose solution, followed by 28 grams of unfortified coated peanuts; 5) 50-gram glucose solution, followed by 28 grams of chili lime coated peanuts fortified with encapsulated peanut skin extract. Glucose levels were measured using a continuous monitor. Peanut skin extract was found to attenuate the decrease in cell viability in high glucose treated HepG2 cells, showing a protective effect against hyperglycemia induced cell death. No difference in the glycemic response area under the curve between any treatments using the tolerance test, but the treatment of the peanut skin extract with the glucose reference resulted in a significantly lower peak blood glucose response at 45 minutes, indicating that it was effective at reducing the glycemic response. The present study shows that the phenolic extract of peanut skins has an antidiabetic effect, further confirming their value as a functional food ingredient. DA - 2019/3/27/ PY - 2019/3/27/ DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0214591 VL - 14 IS - 3 SP - SN - 1932-6203 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Feeding high-oleic peanuts to layer hens enhances egg yolk color and oleic fatty acid content in shell eggs AU - Toomer, Ondulla T AU - Hulse-Kemp, Amanda M AU - Dean, Lisa L AU - Boykin, Deborah L AU - Malheiros, Ramon AU - Anderson, Kenneth E T2 - Poultry Science AB - Previous studies have identified normal-oleic peanuts as a suitable and economical broiler feed ingredient. However, no studies to date have examined the use of high-oleic (HO) peanut cultivars as a feed ingredient for laying hens and determined the impact of feeding HO peanuts on performance and egg nutritive qualities. This project aimed to examine the use of HO peanuts as a feed ingredient for layer hens to determine the effect on performance, egg lipid chemistry, and quality of the eggs produced. Forty-eight 40-wk-old layer hens were fed a conventional soybean meal + corn control diet or a HO peanut + corn diet for 10 wk in conventional battery cages. Body and feed weights were collected weekly. Pooled egg samples were analyzed for quality, lipid analysis, and peanut protein allergenicity. There were no significant differences in hen performance or egg quality as measured by USDA grade quality, egg albumen height, or egg Haugh unit between the treatment groups. However, eggs produced from layer hens fed the HO peanut + corn diet had reduced egg weights relative to the controls (P = 0.0001). Eggs produced from layer hens fed the HO peanut diet had greater yolk color scores (P < 0.0001), HO fatty acid (P < 0.0001), and β-carotene (P < 0.0001) levels in comparison to the controls. Eggs produced from hens fed the control diet had greater palmitic and stearic saturated fatty acids (P < 0.0001), and trans fat (P < 0.0001) content compared to eggs produced from hens fed the HO peanut diet. All egg protein extracts from all treatments at each time point were non-reactive with rabbit anti-peanut agglutinin antibodies. This study identifies HO peanuts as an abundant commodity that could be used to support local agricultural markets of peanuts and poultry within the southeastern United States and be of economic advantage to producers while providing a potential health benefit to the consumer with improved egg nutrition. DA - 2019/4// PY - 2019/4// DO - 10.3382/ps/pey531 VL - 98 IS - 4 SP - 1732-1748 J2 - Poultry Science LA - en OP - SN - 0032-5791 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pey531 DB - Crossref KW - high-oleic peanuts KW - feed ingredients KW - layer hens KW - shell eggs KW - beta-carotene ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dietary amino acids under hypoxic conditions exacerbates muscle myopathies including wooden breast and white stripping AU - Livingston, M. L. AU - Ferket, P. R. AU - Brake, J. AU - Livingston, K. A. T2 - POULTRY SCIENCE AB - The occurrence of wooden breast (WB) and white striping (WS) of broiler breast myopathies may be associated with least-cost feed formulations and the inclusion of greater amounts of synthetic amino acids. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of supplemental glutamine (Gln-/+, 0 and 1%) and arginine (Arg-/+, 0 and 0.25%) in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Experiment 1 consisted of 8 replicates using 32 pens and focused on live performance to 44 d of age, carcass yield, and meat quality evaluations at 45 d of age. Live performance parameters including feed intake, BW gain, mortality, and feed conversion were evaluated. Post-harvest carcass yield, breast muscle quality (including WB and WS), proximate analysis, and mineral analysis of breast muscle and tibia bone were also evaluated. Experiment 2 comprised 4 replicates using 8 pens with weekly measurements of blood physiology and muscle myopathy development from 21 to 45 d of age. Broilers fed supplemental Gln and Arg (Gln+/Arg+) produced broilers with greater BW and improved FCR. The WB and WS severity increased with Gln+ diets, while only WB increased using Arg+ diets. Weekly observations revealed the greatest increase in WB myopathies occurred between 28 to 35 d, while WS significantly increased one week later (35 to 42 d). When comparing broilers of similar BW at 45 d, Gln+ diets resulted in greater WS scores and percentage breast muscle fat. Further analysis of WB and WS scores (independent of treatment affect) revealed that increased myopathy scores were associated with increased blood CO2, H2CO3, and reduced O2with increased meat pH, moisture content, and Ca concentration. These results indicated that increased muscle Ca is associated with increased WB, while increased dietary glutamine and lack of oxygen may have resulted in a reverse flux of the citric acid cycle and reduced electron transport chain activity resulting in increased WS. DA - 2019/3// PY - 2019/3// DO - 10.3382/ps/pey463 VL - 98 IS - 3 SP - 1517-1527 SN - 1525-3171 KW - glutamine KW - arginine KW - woody breast KW - white striping KW - broilers ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genetic mapping of soybean aphid biotype 3 and 4 resistance in PI 606390A AU - LaMantia, J. M. AU - Mian, M. A. R. AU - Redinbaugh, M. G. T2 - MOLECULAR BREEDING DA - 2019/4// PY - 2019/4// DO - 10.1007/s11032-019-0956-9 VL - 39 IS - 4 SP - SN - 1572-9788 KW - Glycine max KW - Soybeans KW - Soybean aphid resistance KW - Aphis glycines KW - Biotype ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impact of HVT Vaccination on Splenic miRNA Expression in Marek's Disease Virus Infections AU - Hicks, Julie A. AU - Liu, Hsiao-Ching T2 - GENES AB - Marek’s Disease is a lymphoproliferative disease of chickens caused by Marek’s Disease Virus. Similar to other herpesviruses, Marek’s Disease Virus (MDV) encodes its own small non-coding regulatory RNAs termed microRNAs (miRNAs). We previously found that the expression profile of these viral miRNAs is affected by vaccination with Herpesvirus of Turkeys (HVT). To further characterize miRNA-mediated gene regulation in MDV infections, in the current study we examine the impact of HVT vaccination on cellular miRNA expression in MDV-infected specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. We used small RNA-seq to identify 24 cellular miRNAs that exhibited altered splenic expression in MDV infected chickens (42 dpi) compared to age-matched uninfected birds. We then used Real Time-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) to develop expression profiles of a select group of these host miRNAs in chickens receiving the HVT vaccine and in vaccinated chickens subsequently infected with MDV. As was seen with viral miRNA, host miRNAs had unique splenic expression profiles between chickens infected with HVT, MDV, or co-infected birds. We also discovered a group of transcription factors, using a yeast one-hybrid screen, which regulates immune responses and cell growth pathways and also likely regulates the expression of these cellular miRNAs. Overall, this study suggests cellular miRNAs are likely a critical component of both protection from and progression of Marek’s Disease. DA - 2019/2// PY - 2019/2// DO - 10.3390/genes10020115 VL - 10 IS - 2 SP - SN - 2073-4425 KW - Marek's disease virus KW - microRNA KW - transcriptional regulation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Heavy Metal Resistance Determinants of the Foodborne Pathogen Listeria monocytogenes AU - Parsons, Cameron AU - Lee, Sangmi AU - Kathariou, Sophia T2 - GENES AB - Listeria monocytogenes is ubiquitous in the environment and causes the disease listeriosis. Metal homeostasis is one of the key processes utilized by L. monocytogenes in its role as either a saprophyte or pathogen. In the environment, as well as within an animal host, L. monocytogenes needs to both acquire essential metals and mitigate toxic levels of metals. While the mechanisms associated with acquisition and detoxification of essential metals such as copper, iron, and zinc have been extensively studied and recently reviewed, a review of the mechanisms associated with non-essential heavy metals such as arsenic and cadmium is lacking. Resistance to both cadmium and arsenic is frequently encountered in L. monocytogenes, including isolates from human listeriosis. In addition, a growing body of work indicates the association of these determinants with other cellular functions such as virulence, suggesting the importance of further study in this area. DA - 2019/1// PY - 2019/1// DO - 10.3390/genes10010011 VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - SN - 2073-4425 KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - heavy metal resistance KW - mobile genetic element KW - cadmium KW - arsenic ER -