TY - CONF TI - Mustard induced vesication in isolated perfused skin: biochemical physiological and morphological studies AU - Monteiro-Riviere, N.A. AU - King, Riviere, JR AU - Riviere, J.E. T2 - 1991 Medical Defense Bioscience Review C2 - 1991/// C3 - Proceedings of the 1991 Medical Defense Bioscience Review CY - Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD DA - 1991/// PY - 1991/// SP - 28 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of humidity on percutaneous absorption of parathion in vitro AU - Chang, S.K. AU - Riviere, J.E. T2 - Pharmaceutical Research DA - 1991/// PY - 1991/// VL - 8 SP - S203 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of dosing sites on the toxicokinetics of parathion in pigs AU - Qiao, G. AU - Riviere, J.E. T2 - Pharmaceutical Research DA - 1991/// PY - 1991/// VL - 8 SP - S285 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A pharmacokinetic model describing iontophoretic drug delivery and subsequent disposition of lidocaine in the isolated perfused porcine skin flap (IPPSF) AU - Williams, P.L. AU - Riviere, J.E. T2 - Pharmaceutical Research DA - 1991/// PY - 1991/// VL - 8 SP - S292 ER - TY - JOUR TI - In Vivo Percutaneous Penetration/Absorption AU - Shah, V.P. AU - Anderson, B.D. AU - Riviere, J.E. T2 - Pharmaceutical Research DA - 1991/// PY - 1991/// VL - 8 SP - 1071–1075 ER - TY - CONF TI - Dermal absorption and metabolism of xenobiotics in food producing animals AU - Riviere, J.E. T2 - 4th Chemical Congress of North America C2 - 1991/// C3 - Proceedings of the 4th Chemical Congress of North America DA - 1991/// PY - 1991/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Identification of the pathway of transdermal iontophoretic drug delivery: Ultrastructural studies using mercuric chloride in vivo in pigs. AU - Monteiro-Riviere, N.A. AU - Inman, A.O. AU - Riviere, J.E. T2 - Pharmaceutical Research DA - 1991/// PY - 1991/// VL - 8 SP - S-141 ER - TY - CONF TI - Transdermal iontophoresis of pyridostigmine bromide in vivo in pigs and in isolated perfused porcine skin AU - Riviere, J.E. AU - Sage, B.H. AU - Parmentier, J.L. T2 - 30th Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology C2 - 1991/2/25/ C3 - The Toxicologist CY - Dallas, Tx DA - 1991/2/25/ PY - 1991/2/25/ VL - 11 SP - 288 ER - TY - CONF TI - Percutaneous absorption of parathion and its metabolites in a flow through diffusion cell system AU - Chang, S.K. AU - Riviere, J.E. T2 - 30th Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology C2 - 1991/2/25/ C3 - The Toxicologist CY - New Orleans, LA DA - 1991/2/25/ PY - 1991/2/25/ VL - 11 SP - 289 ER - TY - CONF TI - Species differences in response of kidney copper, bismuth and zinc to cisplatin among F344 rats, Wistar rats and CD-1 mice AU - DeWosken, R.S. AU - Riviere, J.E. T2 - 30th Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology C2 - 1991/2/25/ C3 - The Toxicologist CY - Dallas, Tx DA - 1991/2/25/ PY - 1991/2/25/ VL - 11 SP - 322 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Percutaneous Absorption of Parathion in Vitro in Porcine Skin: Effects of Dose, Temperature, Humidity, and Perfusate Composition on Absorptive Flux AU - Chang, S. K. AU - Riviere, J. E. T2 - Toxicological Sciences AB - Percutaneous Absorption of Parathion in Vitro in Porcine Skin: Effects of Dose, Temperature, Humidity, and Perfusate Composition on Absorptive flux. CHANG, S. K., AND RIVIERE, J. E. (1991). Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 17, 494–504. The effect of environmental factors on the percutaneous absorption of parathion in excised porcine skin was assessed in a flow-through diffusion cell system by varying the temperature (T), relative humidity (%RH), perfusate flow rate (F), and composition (porcine serum) at three parathion doses (4, 40, and 400 μ/cm2) compared to standard conditions (air temperature = 37°C, perfusate temperature = 37°C, %RH = 60, flow rate = 4 ml/hr, and standard bovine serum albumin medium). Parathion absorption was assessed by monitoring total radiolabeled activity appearing in the perfusate over time. High relative humidity significantly increased parathion penetration, as did two elevated temperature conditions. The effects of flow rate and perfusate composition were variable and dose dependent. In the present studies, lower applied doses appeared to be more sensitive to changes in the environmental conditions studied. These results suggest that these parameters have independent and different degrees of effect on parathion percutaneous absorption. Experimental conditions should be strictly controlled and dose-response studies need to be conducted when evaluating transdermal studies. Finally, if simi1ar effects occur in vivo, the risk assessment calculations on percutaneous absorption should take these parameters into consideration. DA - 1991/// PY - 1991/// DO - 10.1093/toxsci/17.3.494 VL - 17 IS - 3 SP - 494-504 J2 - Toxicol Sci LA - en OP - SN - 1096-6080 1096-0929 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/17.3.494 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CONF TI - Tick-host Associations and Lyme disease in North Carolina AU - Apperson, C. AU - Levine, J.F. AU - Evans, T. T2 - Southeastern Lyme-disease workshop C2 - 1991/7// CY - Knoxville, Tennessee DA - 1991/7// PY - 1991/7// ER - TY - CONF TI - Effect of anesthesia and whole body hyperthermia (WBH) on cisplatin (CDDP) and carboplatin (CBDCA) tissue distribution AU - Page, R.L. AU - Thrall, D.E. AU - Riviere, J.E. AU - Williams, P.L. AU - Lee, G.J. AU - Dewhirst, M.W. T2 - 9th International Congress of Radiation Research A2 - Chapman, J.D. C2 - 1991/// C3 - Radiation research : a twentieth-century perspective; [proceedings of the 9th International Congress of Radiation Research, held in Toronto, Canada in July 1991]. CY - Toronto, Canada DA - 1991/// PY - 1991/7// PB - San Diego Academic Press SN - 9780121685614 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Comprehensive Compendium of Food Animal Drugs: The Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank Tradename File AU - Sundlof, S.F. AU - Riviere, J.E. AU - Craigmill, A.L. DA - 1991/// PY - 1991/// ET - 6th SP - 452 PB - University of Florida Press ER - TY - JOUR TI - Renal clearance and fractional excretion of electrolytes over four 6-hour periods in cattle AU - Fleming, S.A. AU - Hunt, E.L. AU - Riviere, J.E. AU - Anderson, K.L. T2 - American Journal of Veterinary Research DA - 1991/// PY - 1991/// VL - 52 IS - 1 SP - 5–8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Synthesis and properties of polymerized, diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobins AU - Nelson, D. AU - Hai, T.T. AU - Srnak, A. T2 - Biomaterials, Artificial Cells and Immobilization Biotechnology DA - 1991/// PY - 1991/// VL - 19 IS - 2 SP - 451 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Preparation and characterization of diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin solutions for preclinical studies AU - Nelson, D. AU - Azari, M. AU - Baron, C. AU - Bush, S. AU - Catarello, J. AU - Marshall, T. AU - Spicuzza, J. AU - Zieske, P. T2 - Biomaterials, Artificial Cells and Immobilization Biotechnology DA - 1991/// PY - 1991/// VL - 19 IS - 2 SP - 452 ER - TY - CONF TI - Diaspirin Crosslinked Hemoglobin (DCLHb): An Update AU - Nelson, D. T2 - Annual Scientific Meeting IX, British Blood Transfusion Society C2 - 1991/// CY - Nottingham, England DA - 1991/// PY - 1991/9/3/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Immunological Implications of Protein Formulations AU - Nelson, D. T2 - American Association of Pharmaceutical Sciences Eastern Regional Meeting C2 - 1991/// CY - New Brunswick, NJ DA - 1991/// PY - 1991/6/6/ ER - TY - RPRT TI - Preparation of Bis(Salicyl) Diesters AU - Hai, T.T. AU - Nelson, D.J. AU - Srnak, A. DA - 1991/8/20/ PY - 1991/8/20/ M1 - 5041615 M3 - U.S. Patent SN - 5041615 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Pharmaceutical Grade 3,5-Dibromosalicylic Acid AU - Hai, T.T. AU - Nelson, D.J. DA - 1991/5/7/ PY - 1991/5/7/ M1 - 5013866 M3 - U.S. Patent SN - 5013866 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Serosurvey of dogs in Virginia for antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi AU - Torrence, M. E. AU - Jenkins, S. R. AU - Levine, Jay AU - Nicholson, W. AU - Pelzer, K. D. T2 - Preventive Veterinary Medicine AB - Increased interest and concern about Lyme disease in the last several years, along with the close proximity of Maryland's endemic foci, has raised questions about the incidence of Lyme disease in Virginia. A canine seroprevalence survey was undertaken in an attempt to estimate the prevalence of borreliosis in Virginia. An ELISA test was used to detect antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi in sera from 221 shelter dogs from the three different physiographic regions in Virginia. From those animals sampled, only one dog was seropositive. This finding was consistent with other studies which have found limited evidence of Lyme disease in Virginia. DA - 1991/// PY - 1991/// DO - 10.1016/0167-5877(90)90049-N VL - 10 SP - 41–46 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia in horses infected with equine infectious anemia virus AU - Clabough, D.L. AU - Gebhard, D. AU - Flaherty, M.T. AU - Whetter, L.E. AU - Perry, S.T. AU - Coggins, L. AU - Fuller, F.J. T2 - Journal of Virology DA - 1991/// PY - 1991/// VL - 65 IS - 11 SP - 6242–6251 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Marek's disease virus isolates with unusual tropism and virulence for ocular tissues: Clinical findings, challenge studies and pathological features AU - Ficken, M. D. AU - Nasisse, M. P. AU - Boggan, G. D. AU - Guy, J. S. AU - Wages, D. P. AU - Witter, R. L. AU - Rosenberger, J. K. AU - Nordgren, R. M. T2 - Avian Pathology AB - Outbreaks of Marek's disease (MD) were diagnosed in two flocks from the same company. Clinical signs, mainly blindness (>90%), but also depression, mild paralysis, and 11 to 12% mortality by 20 weeks of age were observed. MD virus, serotype 1 was isolated. The isolates were designated NC-1 (flock 1) and NC-2 (flock 2). Challenge experiments were conducted with these isolates and with two reference MD virus strains (JM/102W and Md5) in unvaccinated, turkey herpesvirus- (HVT) vaccinated and bivalent- (HVT and SB-1) vaccinated chickens. Blindness, gross ocular lesions and tumour formation were observed in a high proportion of all groups challenged with NC-1 and NC-2 when compared with chickens challenged with JM/102W and Md5. In chickens challenged with isolates NC-1 and NC-2, corneal changes included oedema, midstromal cellular infiltration consisting of macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells and lesser numbers of heterophils, collagen degeneration and keratic precipitates consisting primarily of macrophages covering the central endothelium. Eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were present in mononuclear cells infiltrating the cornea. Changes in the uveal tract consisted of inflammatory cell infiltrates similar to those present in the cornea. Retinal lesions included disruption of the retinal pigmented epithelium, inflammatory cell infiltration in the subretinal space, photoreceptor degeneration and in severely affected eyes, necrosis of retinal cellular elements. Pecten changes consisted of necrosis and mononuclear cell infiltration. Intranuclear inclusion bodies were abundantly present in cells of the retina's ganglion and inner nuclear cell layers. The unusual clinical manifestation of MD, the unusual tropism and virulence of NC-1 and NC-2 for ocular tissues and the incomplete protection afforded by conventional vaccination suggest that these isolates may be new pathotypes. DA - 1991/9// PY - 1991/9// DO - 10.1080/03079459108418784 VL - 20 IS - 3 SP - 461-474 J2 - Avian Pathology LA - en OP - SN - 0307-9457 1465-3338 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03079459108418784 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Inhibition of antigen-driven proliferative responses and enhancement of antibody production during infection with Brugia pahangi AU - Miller, S. AU - Schreuer, D. AU - Hammerberg, B. T2 - Journal of Immunology DA - 1991/// PY - 1991/// VL - 147 SP - 1007–1013 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evolutionary relatedness of the predicted gene product of RNA segment 2 of the Tick-Borne Dhori virus and the PB1 polymerase gene of influenza viruses AU - Lin, Debby A. AU - Roychoudhury, Sonali AU - Palese, Peter AU - Clay, William C. AU - Fuller, Frederick J. T2 - Virology AB - The complete nucleotide sequence of the second largest RNA segment of Dhori/India/1313/61 virus was determined and the deduced amino acid sequence was compared with the polymerase (P) proteins of influenza A, B, and C viruses. RNA segment 2 (2224 nucleotides) of Dhori virus contains a single long open reading frame that can encode a 716-amino amid polypeptide (81.3 kDa). The predicted polypeptide shares between 27 and 31% sequence identities with the PB1 polypeptides of influenza A, B, and C viruses. Among the regions most highly conserved are the sequences around the Asp-Asp motif common to many RNA polymerases. In spite of the high level of sequence identity between the Dhori RNA segment 2 gene product and the influenza A, B, and C virus PB1 proteins the amino acid composition of the Dhori protein indicates an acidic charge feature at pH 7.0 in contrast to the basic nature of the PB1 proteins of the influenza viruses. We suggest that the Dhori PB1-like protein be designated the Pα protein of this virus. DA - 1991/5// PY - 1991/5// DO - 10.1016/0042-6822(91)90641-n VL - 182 IS - 1 SP - 1-7 J2 - Virology LA - en OP - SN - 0042-6822 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0042-6822(91)90641-n DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - The use of the Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank in reducing residues AU - Sundlof, S. F. AU - Craigmill, A. L. AU - Riviere, J. E. T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association DA - 1991/// PY - 1991/// VL - 198 SP - 816-819 ER - TY - JOUR TI - INVIVO PERCUTANEOUS PENETRATION ABSORPTION, WASHINGTON, DC, MAY 1989 AU - SHAH, VP AU - FLYNN, GL AU - GUY, RH AU - MAIBACH, HI AU - SCHAEFER, H AU - SKELLY, JP AU - WESTER, RC AU - YACOBI, A T2 - PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH DA - 1991/8// PY - 1991/8// DO - 10.1023/A:1015829729439 VL - 8 IS - 8 SP - 1071-1075 SN - 0724-8741 ER - TY - RPRT TI - FARAD: Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank AU - Craigmill, A. AU - Sundlof, S. AU - Riviere, J. E. A3 - Washington, DC: USDA Extension Service DA - 1991/// PY - 1991/// PB - Washington, DC: USDA Extension Service ER - TY - JOUR TI - FARAD - The Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank AU - Craigmill, A.L. AU - Sundlof, S.F. AU - Riviere, J.E. T2 - Extension Review DA - 1991/// PY - 1991/// VL - 62 SP - 16 ER - TY - JOUR TI - EFFECTS OF VASOACTIVE DRUGS ON TRANSDERMAL LIDOCAINE IONTOPHORESIS AU - RIVIERE, JE AU - SAGE, B AU - WILLIAMS, PL T2 - JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES AB - The effect of co-administration of vasoactive drugs on the transdermal iontophoretic delivery of lidocaine · HCI was studied in in vitro cells, in the isolated perfused porcine skin flap (IPPSF), and in vivo in pigs. Iontophoresis of lidocaine in vitro across human and porcine skin were similar, supporting the use of porcine skin as an appropriate animal model. Co-iontophoresis of the vasodilator tolazoline marginally decreased lidocaine flux in vitro, but significantly increased it in the IPPSF and in vivo. In contrast, norepinephrine decreased lidocaine flux in the IPPSF. Vasomodulation also changed the shape of the venous efflux profile in the IPPSF as evidenced by changes in fractional absorption index, as well as the AUC. These studies demonstrate that co-iontophoresis of vasoactive compounds may significantly alter the transdermal delivery of lidocaine and that use of in vitro animal model systems which possess a functional microcirculation are essential to study this process if reliable extrapolation to the in vivo setting is desired. DA - 1991/7// PY - 1991/7// DO - 10.1002/jps.2600800702 VL - 80 IS - 7 SP - 615-620 SN - 0022-3549 ER - TY - JOUR TI - EFFECT OF HYPERTHERMIA ON THE INVITRO HYDROLYSIS OF MELPHALAN AU - RIVIERE, JE AU - PAGE, RL AU - AUCOIN, DP AU - ROGERS, RA AU - WILLIAMS, PL T2 - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYPERTHERMIA AB - The pharmacokinetics of melphalan was investigated at 37°C and 42°C in vitro in canine and porcine plasma to assess heat-induced changes in the in vivo rate of melphalan hydrolysis. Melphalan concentrations were assayed using HPLC. Rate of spontaneous hydrolysis of melphalan at 42°C was increased 1.5-fold in canine and 1.9-fold in porcine plasma. These results should be considered when interpreting in vivo disposition studies. DA - 1991/// PY - 1991/// DO - 10.3109/02656739109005017 VL - 7 IS - 3 SP - 527-529 SN - 0265-6736 KW - NORMOTHERMIC KW - HYPERTHERMIC KW - HYDROLYSIS KW - MELPHALAN ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pharmacologic principles of residue avoidance for the practitioner AU - Riviere, J. E. T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association DA - 1991/// PY - 1991/// VL - 198 SP - 809-816 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Perspectives on the information needs of the agricultural researcher of the 21st century AU - Riviere, J. E. T2 - Advances in Library Administration and Organization DA - 1991/// PY - 1991/// VL - 9 SP - 239-248 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Isolated perfused skin flap and skin grafting techniques AU - Riviere, J. E. AU - Carver, M. P. T2 - Dermal and ocular toxicology: fundamentals and methods PY - 1991/// SP - 297-322 PB - Boca Raton: CRC Press SN - 0849388112 ER - TY - CHAP TI - In vitro absorption- skin flap model AU - Riviere, J. E. T2 - In vitro percutaneous absorption: principles, fundamentals and applications PY - 1991/// SP - 207-222 PB - Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press SN - 0849347483 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Handbook of Comparative Pharmacokinetics and Residues of Veterinary Antimicrobials AU - Riviere, J.E. AU - Craigmill, A.L. AU - Sundlof, S.F. AB - The major objective of this handbook is to compile-in tabular form-the pharmacokinetic parameters of antimicrobial drugs used in food animals. This unique publication represents data from the FARAD (Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank) databank, established by the authors under the auspices of the U.S.D.A. and contains significant amounts of previously unavailable information. This updated, one-of-a-kind volume even features additional data on laboratory rodents, dogs, cats, and horses in order to facilitate broader interspecies extrapolations. This easy-to-use reference is timely as well as invaluable to animal scientists, veterinarians, pharmacologists, and toxicologists who work with antimicrobials in chickens, turkeys, dairy and beef cattle, swine, goats, and sheep. DA - 1991/// PY - 1991/// DO - 10.1201/9781351071055 PB - CRC Press, Inc SN - 0849332117532 ER - TY - JOUR TI - COMPARATIVE PHARMACOKINETICS OF AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANTIBIOTICS AU - BROWN, SA AU - RIVIERE, JE T2 - JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS AB - Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and TherapeuticsVolume 14, Issue 1 p. 1-35 Comparative pharmacokinetics of aminoglycoside antibiotics S. A. BROWN, S. A. BROWN Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843 *Worldwide Animal Health Clinical Development, 9690-190-40, The Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49001, USA.Search for more papers by this authorJ. E. RIVIERE, J. E. RIVIERE Laboratory of Toxicokinetics, Department of Anatomy, Physiological Sciences, and Radiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USASearch for more papers by this author S. A. BROWN, S. A. BROWN Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843 *Worldwide Animal Health Clinical Development, 9690-190-40, The Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49001, USA.Search for more papers by this authorJ. E. RIVIERE, J. E. RIVIERE Laboratory of Toxicokinetics, Department of Anatomy, Physiological Sciences, and Radiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: March 1991 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2885.1991.tb00801.xCitations: 40 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat REFERENCES Adelman, M., Evans, E.E. & Schentag, J.J. (1982) Two-compartment comparison of gentamicin and tobramycin in normal volunteers. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 22, 800–804. Al-Guedawy, S.A., Neff-Davis, C.A., Davis, L.E., Whitmore, H.L. & Gustafsson, B.K. (1983) Disposition of gentamicin in the genital tract of cows. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 6, 85–92. Andreini, G. & Pignatelli, P. (1972) Kanamycin blood levels and residues in domestic animals. Veterinaria, 21, 51–72. Aronoff, G.R., Pottratz, S.T., Brier, M.E. et al. (1983) Aminoglycoside accumulation kinetics in rat renal parenchyma. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 23, 74–78. Baggot, J.D. (1977) Principles of Drug Disposition in Domestic Animals. Philadelphia , WB Saunders Co. Baggot, J.D. (1978) Pharmacokinetics of kanamycin in dogs. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 1, 163–170. Baggot, J.D., Ling, G.V. & Chatfield, R.C. (1985) Clinical pharmacokinetics of amikacin in dogs. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 46, 1793–1796. Baggot, J.D., Love, D.N., Rose, R.J. & Raus, J. (1981) The pharmacokinetics of some aminoglycoside antibiotics in the horse. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 4, 277–284. Batra, V.K., Morrison, J.A. & Hoffman, T.R. (1983) Pharmacokinetics of piperacillin and gentamicin following intravenous administration to dogs. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 72, 894–898. Bauer, L.A. & Blouin, R.A. (1981) Influence of age on tobramycin pharmacokinetics in patients with normal renal function. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 20, 587–589. Bennett, W.M., Plamp, C.E., Gilbert, D.N., Parker, R.A. & Porter, G.A. (1979) The influence of dosage regimen on experimental gentamicin nephrotoxicity: dissociation of a peak serum level from renal failure. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 140, 576–580. Bergeron, M.G., Bastille, A., Lessard, C. & Gagnon, P.M. (1982a) Significance of intrarenal concentrations of gentamicin for the outcome of experimental pyelonephritis in rats. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 146, 91–96. Bergeron, M.G. & Bergeron, Y. (1986) Influence of endotoxin on the intrarenal distribution of gentamicin, netilmicin, tobramycin, amikacin, and cephalothin. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 29, 7–12. Bergeron, M.G., Bergeron, Y. & Beauchamp, D. (1987) Influence of hydrocortisone succinate on intrarenal accumulation of gentamicin in endo-toxemic rats. Antimicrobial Agents and Cliemo-therapy, 31, 1816–1821. Bergeron, M.G., Trottier, S., Lessard, C., Beauchamp, D. & Gagnon, P.M. (1982b) Disturbed intrarenal distribution of gentamicin in experimental pyelonephritis due to Escherichia coli. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 146, 436–439. Bille, J. & Glauser, M.P. (1981) Prophylaxis of pyelonephritis by aminoglycosides accumulated in the kidney. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 8 (Suppl. A), 115–119. Bird, J.E., Miller, K.W., Larson, A.A. & Duke, G.E. (1983) Pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in birds of prey. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 44, 1245–1247. Black, J., Calesnick, B., Williams, D. & Weinstein, M.J. (1964) Pharmacology of gentamicin, a new broad-spectrum antibiotic. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 3, 138–147. Black, W.D., Holt, J.D. & Gentry, R.D. (1983) Pharmacokinetic study of neomycin in calves following intravenous and intramuscular administration. Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine, 47, 433–435. Blaser, J., Rieder, H., Niederer, P. & Lttthy, R. (1983) Biological variability of multiple dose pharmacokinetics of netilmicin in man. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 24, 359–406. Blaser, J., Simmon, H.P., Gonzenbach, H.R., Sonnabend, W. & Lüthy, R. (1985) Aminoglycoside monitoring: Timing of peak levels is critical. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, 7, 303–307. Bowman, K.F., Dix, L.P., Riond, J.-L. & Riviere, J.E. (1986) Prediction of pharmacokinetic profiles of ampicillin sodium, gentamicin sulfate, and combination ampicillin sodium-gentamicin sulfate in serum and synovia of healthy horses. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 47, 1590–1596. Brasseur, R., Laurent, G., Ruysschaert, J.M. & Tulkens, P. (1984) Interactions of aminoglycoside antibiotics with negatively charged lipid layers. Biochemical Pharmacology, 33, 629–637. Brier, M.E., Mayer, P.R., Brier, R.A., Visscher, D., Luft, F.C. & Aronoff, G.R. (1985) Relationship between rat renal accumulation of gentamicin, tobramycin, and netilmicin and their nephrotoxicities. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 27, 812–816. Brown, M.P., Stover, S.M., Kelly, R.H. & Farver, T.B. (1981) Kanamycin sulfate in the horse: serum, synovial fluid, peritoneal fluid, and urine concentrations after single-dose intramuscular administration. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 42, 1823–1825. Brown, M.P., Embertson, R.M., Gronwall, R.R., Beal, C., Mayhew, I.G. & Curry, S.H. (1984) Amikacin sulfate in mares: pharmacokinetics and body fluids and endometrial concentrations after repeated intramuscular administration. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 45, 1610–1613. Brown, S.A. & Baird, A.N. (1988) Evaluation of renal gentamicin depletion kinetic properties in sheep, using serial percutaneous biopsies. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 49, 2056–2059. Brown, S.A., Coppoc, G.L. & Riviere, J.E. (1986a) Effects of dose and duration of therapy on gentamicin tissue residues in sheep. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 47, 2373–2379. Brown, S.A., Coppoc, G.L., Riviere, J.E. & Anderson, V.L. (1986b) Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in sheep. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 47, 789–794. Brown, S.A. & Garry, F.B. (1988) Comparison of serum and renal gentamicin concentrations and fractional urinary excretion tests as indicators of nephrotoxicity. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 11, 330–337. Brown, S.A., Nelson, R.W. & Scott-Moncrieff, C. (1991) Pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in diabetic dogs. 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PY - 1991/// DO - 10.1016/b978-0-12-104280-6.50011-3 SP - 3-21 PB - Academy Press ER - TY - JOUR TI - Efficacy and Toxicity of Doxorubicin/Cyclophosphamide Maintenance Therapy in Dogs with Multicentric Lymphosarcoma AU - Price, G. Sylvester AU - Page, Rodney L. AU - Fischer, Bernard M. AU - Levine, Jay F. AU - Gerig, Thomas M. T2 - Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine AB - Doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide were evaluated as maintenance drugs for dogs with multicentric lymphosarcoma (n = 28). Median remission time of all dogs was 173 days. Remission duration was shorter, however, in dogs with stage IV/V disease, in dogs with pretreatment hypoalbuminemia, and in dogs that had received glucocorticoids before initiation of chemotherapy (P less than 0.04). Nineteen dogs were evaluable for toxicity. Dose-limiting gastrointestinal toxicosis was observed in three dogs, neutropenia was observed in three dogs, and cardiomyopathy was observed in three dogs. The doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide protocol described in this report is safe and effective in treating canine multicentric lymphosarcoma. Clinical stage, pretreatment steroid therapy, and hypoalbuminemia are prognostic factors for response to this protocol. DA - 1991/9// PY - 1991/9// DO - 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1991.tb03131.x VL - 5 IS - 5 SP - 259-262 LA - en OP - SN - 0891-6640 1939-1676 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.1991.tb03131.x DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparison of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to an indirect immunofluorescence assay for the detection of antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi in the dog AU - Greene, R.T. AU - Walker, R.L. AU - Nicholson, W.L. AU - Levine, J.F. T2 - Veterinary Microbiology AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was compared to an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) for detection of IgG antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi in dog sera. The concordance of the two tests was 93.5% for sera from dogs from Maryland (n = 93), 98.0% for sera from dogs from North Carolina (n = 446), and 97.2% for the combined sample groups (n = 539). Twenty-five of the 27 samples with discordant or low positive results were tested, and showed immunoblot reactions to 1 to 10 different bands. Reaction patterns and intensity of the bands were quite variable, and did not explain a reason for the discordance. DA - 1991/1// PY - 1991/1// DO - 10.1016/0378-1135(91)90054-J VL - 26 IS - 1-2 SP - 179-190 J2 - Veterinary Microbiology LA - en OP - SN - 0378-1135 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1135(91)90054-j DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - A SURVEY OF SALMONELLA CONTAMINATION IN MODERN BROILER PRODUCTION AU - JONES, FT AU - AXTELL, RC AU - RIVES, DV AU - SCHEIDELER, SE AU - TARVER, FR AU - WALKER, RL AU - WINELAND, MJ T2 - JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION AB - A survey of contamination with Salmonella was done in the breeder/multiplier and broiler houses, feed mills, hatcheries, and processing plants of two integrated broiler firms. Samples of insects and mice were also collected at each location. Sixty percent (60%) of the meat and bone meal samples collected at feed mills were contaminated. Salmonella was isolated from 35% of the mash feed samples tested. The pelleting process reduced Salmonella isolation rates by 82.0%. Data collected from breeder/multiplier houses suggested that feed was the ultimate source of Salmonella contamination in that environment. Salmonella was found in 9.4% of the yolk sac samples collected from day-old chicks in hatcheries. Fecal dropping samples collected in broiler houses about one week prior to slaughter were contaminated at a rate of 5.2%. Salmonella was found in 33% of the samples collected from live haul trucks and 21.4% of the whole processed broiler carcasses sampled at processing plants. Salmonella typhimurium was the serotype most commonly isolated. The gastrointestinal tract of one of 19 mice sampled was contaminated with Salmonella . Data suggest that insects were primarily mechanical carriers. Results suggest Salmonella contamination in the U.S. broiler production and processing system has changed little since 1969. The data also underline the contention that effective Salmonella control efforts must be comprehensive. DA - 1991/7// PY - 1991/7// DO - 10.4315/0362-028X-54.7.502 VL - 54 IS - 7 SP - 502-507 SN - 0362-028X ER - TY - JOUR TI - A SURVEY OF CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI CONTAMINATION IN MODERN BROILER PRODUCTION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS AU - JONES, FT AU - AXTELL, RC AU - RIVES, DV AU - SCHEIDELER, SE AU - TARVER, FR AU - WALKER, RL AU - WINELAND, MJ T2 - JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION AB - Campylobacter jejuni contamination was surveyed in samples collected from the breeder-multiplier houses, broiler houses, feed mills, hatcheries, and processing plants of two integrated broiler firms. Insects and mice were also trapped at each location. C. jejuni was most frequently found in samples collected from processing plants, followed by samples collected from broiler houses, and breeder-multiplier houses. Samples obtained from feed mills and hatcheries were negative, suggesting that the C. jejuni was not transmitted by either feed or eggs. C. jejuni was also not isolated from insect or mouse samples. However, the external surfaces of insects were sanitized with a chlorine solution, prior to analysis. Thus, these data suggest any contamination of insects with C. jejuni is generally external not internal. Contamination in broilers apparently originated from some unknown source(s) in broiler houses. C. jejuni was isolated from 20% of the cloacal swabs taken as birds entered the plant, 52% of the carcasses sampled following immersion chilling, and 31.6% of whole broiler carcasses sampled at retail outlets. While these data suggest that cross-contamination occurred within processing plants, field control methods would appear to be necessary for control of C. jejuni in modern broiler production and processing systems. The frequent C. jejuni isolations from dead birds in broiler houses suggested the regular collection of normal mortality as one farm management procedure that might help reduce Campylobacter contamination in broilers. DA - 1991/4// PY - 1991/4// DO - 10.4315/0362-028X-54.4.259 VL - 54 IS - 4 SP - 259-262 SN - 1944-9097 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Indigenous Cases of Lyme Disease Diagnosed in North Carolina AU - Levine, Jay F. AU - Apperson, Charles S. AU - Spiegel, Richard A. AU - Nicholson, William L. AU - Staes, Catherine J. T2 - Southern Medical Journal AB - Between January 1984 and December 1989, 102 indigenous cases of Lyme disease were reported in North Carolina. Lyme disease was reported in each of the three major geographic regions of the state: mountain, piedmont, and coastal plain. One or more diagnoses were made in 42 of 100 counties. Patients ranged in age from 5 months to 78 years (median, 27 years); 58 patients (57%) reported a history of tick exposure within 1 month of the onset of symptoms. Erythema migrans was reported by 93 patients (91%). Arthritis (30%), neurologic symptoms (10%), and cardiac abnormalities (7%) were observed. Thirty of the 102 cases were confirmed serologically by indirect fluorescence microscopy or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. DA - 1991/1// PY - 1991/1// DO - 10.1097/00007611-199101000-00008 VL - 84 IS - 1 SP - 27-32 J2 - Southern Medical Journal LA - en OP - SN - 0038-4348 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007611-199101000-00008 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - DERMATOLOGICAL DISEASES AFFECTING FISHES OF THE TAR-PAMLICO ESTUARY, NORTH-CAROLINA AU - NOGA, EJ AU - WRIGHT, JF AU - LEVINE, JF AU - DYKSTRA, MJ AU - HAWKINS, JH T2 - DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS DA - 1991/4/4/ PY - 1991/4/4/ DO - 10.3354/dao010087 VL - 10 IS - 2 SP - 87-92 SN - 0177-5103 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Borrelia burgdorferi in Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) from Coastal Virginia AU - Levine, Jay F. AU - Sonenshine, Daniel E. AU - Nicholson, William L. AU - Turner, R. T. T2 - Journal of Medical Entomology AB - Ixodid ticks removed from hosts and from vegetation during March-November 1987 at sites in coastal Virginia and North Carolina were examined for Borrelia burgdorferi. B. burgdorferi was evident in nine (22%) Ixodes cookei Packard removed from rice rats (Oryzomys palustris), a white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus), and raccoons (Procyon lotor); four (6%) Amblyomma americanum (L.) removed from raccoons; and two (3%) Dermacentor variabilis (Say) removed from a raccoon and a rice rat. B. burgdorferi was also detected in Ixodes dentatus Marx removed from a brown thrasher (Toxostoma rufum), a Carolina wren (Thryothoros ludovicianus), and a towhee (Piplio erythrophthalamus); and in Haemaphysalis leporispalustris (Packard) removed from a brown thrasher and a white-throated sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis) netted at Kiptopeke Beach, Va. Two Ixodes dammini Spielman, Clifford, Piesman & Corwin were collected on Parramore Island; one specimen was examined for spirochetes, and it was infected with B. burgdorferi. No spirochetes were detected in host-seeking A. americanum and Amblyomma maculatum Koch removed from vegetation. The plasma of one P. leucopus and sera obtained from two P. lotor contained antibodies to B. burgdorferi. All infected ticks and the seroreactive hosts were collected from the Eastern Shore of Virginia. DA - 1991/9/1/ PY - 1991/9/1/ DO - 10.1093/jmedent/28.5.668 VL - 28 IS - 5 SP - 668-674 LA - en OP - SN - 1938-2928 0022-2585 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/28.5.668 DB - Crossref KW - ARACHNIDA KW - TICKS KW - VIRGINIA KW - BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI ER - TY - JOUR TI - Factors associated with the development of failure of transfer in standardbred foals AU - Claibough, D. G. S. AU - Levine, J. F. T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association DA - 1991/// PY - 1991/// VL - 5 SP - 335-340 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Early events in the immunopathogenesis of feline retrovirus infections AU - Tompkins, M. B. AU - Nelson, P. D. AU - English, R. V. AU - Novotney, C. T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association DA - 1991/// PY - 1991/// VL - 199 IS - 10 SP - 1311 ER - TY - JOUR TI - TRANSENDOSCOPIC ND - YAG LASER ABLATION OF VAGINAL SEPTA IN A BITCH AU - WHITACRE, MD AU - TATE, LP AU - ESTILL, CT AU - VANCAMP, SD T2 - VETERINARY SURGERY AB - A vaginal septum was diagnosed in an English bulldog bitch during routine estrous cycle staging. The septum extended 16 cm from the vestibulo‐vaginal junction to just caudal to the cervix. The septum was removed by two applications of an Nd:YAG laser via a flexible fiberoptic endoscope. Complete healing occurred over a 5‐week period and was uneventful. The bitch was bred and subsequently delivered four puppies vaginally. Transendoscopic laser ablation provided a noninvasive approach to surgically remove a vaginal septum in the dog. DA - 1991/// PY - 1991/// DO - 10.1111/j.1532-950X.1991.tb01257.x VL - 20 IS - 4 SP - 257-259 SN - 0161-3499 ER - TY - JOUR TI - PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A TURKEY ENTEROVIRUS-LIKE VIRUS AU - GUY, JS AU - BARNES, HJ T2 - AVIAN DISEASES AB - Small round viruses, 18 to 24 nm in diameter, were detected by electron microscopy in droppings of young turkeys with enteritis. The virus was propagated in embryonated turkey eggs and tentatively identified as an enterovirus based on size, intracytoplasmic morphogenesis, buoyant density of 1.33 g/ml in CsCl, and a single-stranded RNA genome of approximately 7.5 kb. It was distinguished from avian encephalomyelitis virus by cross-immunofluorescence. These results identify an enterovirus-like virus as a possible etiologic agent of enteric disease of young turkeys. However, its role in this disease remains to be established. DA - 1991/// PY - 1991/// DO - 10.2307/1591314 VL - 35 IS - 1 SP - 197-203 SN - 1938-4351 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents in the treatment of acute coli mastitis in cows / Nichsteroidale Antiphlogistika des Rindes zur Behandlung der akuten Kolimastitis T2 - Praktische Tierarzt DA - 1991/// PY - 1991/// VL - 72 IS - 2 SP - 111 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Influence of inoculum volume in diagnosis of environmental mastitis from clinical quarters AU - Anderson, K. L. AU - Wesen, D. P. AU - Fetrow, J. T2 - Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation DA - 1991/// PY - 1991/// DO - 10.1177/104063879100300212 VL - 3 IS - 2 SP - 165 ER - TY - JOUR TI - INCREASED VIRULENCE OF MODIFIED-LIVE INFECTIOUS LARYNGOTRACHEITIS VACCINE VIRUS FOLLOWING BIRD-TO-BIRD PASSAGE AU - GUY, JS AU - BARNES, HJ AU - SMITH, L T2 - AVIAN DISEASES AB - Modified-live (ML) infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) vaccine viruses, both tissue-culture-origin (TCO) and chicken-embryo-origin (CEO), were passaged 20 times in specific-pathogen-free chickens. After serial bird-to-bird passage, increased virulence was observed for CEO virus but not TCO virus. Increased mortality and increased severity and duration of respiratory disease were observed in chickens inoculated with chicken-passaged CEO viruses; only mild respiratory disease (no mortality) occurred in chickens inoculated with chicken-passaged TCO viruses. These findings suggest that ML ILT vaccine viruses may increase in virulence after bird-to-bird passage. DA - 1991/// PY - 1991/// DO - 10.2307/1591188 VL - 35 IS - 2 SP - 348-355 SN - 0005-2086 ER - TY - JOUR TI - THE INFLUENCE OF ANTIINFLAMMATORY THERAPY ON BACTERIAL CLEARANCE FOLLOWING INTRAMAMMARY ESCHERICHIA-COLI CHALLENGE IN GOATS AU - ANDERSON, KL AU - HUNT, E AU - DAVIS, BJ T2 - VETERINARY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS DA - 1991/// PY - 1991/// DO - 10.1007/BF00405146 VL - 15 IS - 2 SP - 147-161 SN - 0165-7380 KW - ANTIINFLAMMATORY THERAPY KW - ESCHERICHIA-COLI KW - GOATS KW - MASTITIS ER - TY - JOUR TI - RELATIONSHIP OF OSTEOMYELITIS AND ASSOCIATED SOFT-TISSUE LESIONS WITH GREEN LIVER DISCOLORATION IN TOM TURKEYS AU - CLARK, , SR AU - BARNES, HJ AU - BICKFORD, AA AU - CHIN, RP AU - DROUAL, R T2 - AVIAN DISEASES AB - Tom turkey carcasses with partial green discolored livers (n = 191) or normal livers (n = 198) were examined for osteomyelitis and/or associated soft-tissue lesions. Seventy-nine turkeys with green discolored livers had osteomyelitis and/or associated soft-tissue lesions (41.4%), including 53 with just osteomyelitis (27.7%), while 112 (59.6%) had no osteomyelitis and/or soft-tissue lesions. Only five turkeys (2.5%) with normal livers had osteomyelitis. Discolored livers were significantly heavier, but carcasses with discolored livers weighed significantly less than carcasses with normal livers. Bacteria were isolated from 54 of 61 osteomyelitis lesions (88.5%); most frequently staphylococci (50.8%) followed by Escherichia coli (14.8%), Streptococcus sp. (13.1%), and occasional other organisms. Most associated soft-tissue lesions and livers were sterile (74.7%). These finding indicate that although turkey carcasses with green discolored livers are more likely to have osteomyelitis and/or associated soft-tissue lesions than turkey carcasses with normal livers, there is also an approximately equal chance they will not have these lesions. DA - 1991/// PY - 1991/// DO - 10.2307/1591306 VL - 35 IS - 1 SP - 139-146 SN - 0005-2086 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Influence of bovine somatotropin on subclinical and clinical mastitis AU - Anderson, K. L. AU - McDaniel, B. T. AU - Nathan, U. AU - Johnson, T. V. AU - Rehman, J. T2 - Bovine Practitioner DA - 1991/// PY - 1991/// IS - 26 SP - 73 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Epidemiologic survey of thrombocytopenia in dogs: A report on 987 cases AU - Grindem, C. B. AU - Breitschwerdt, E. B. AU - Corbett, W. T. AU - Jans, H. E. T2 - Veterinary Clinical Pathology AB - Thrombocytopenia was documented in 987 of 18,910 (5.2%) dogs admitted to North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, between 1983 and 1989. Classifying thrombocytopenic dogs by etiologic groups revealed the following proportionate ratios: 5% (48/987) immune-mediated thrombocytopenia; 13% (130/987) neoplasia-associated thrombocytopenia; 23% (224/987) inflammatory/infectious thrombocytopenia; and 59% (585/987) miscellaneous thrombocytopenia. Dogs with immune-mediated thrombocytopenia had significantly (P < 0.05) lower platelet counts (mean 36,760 +/- 50,288 microliter) than dogs in the other three groups, and Doberman Pinschers were overrepresented in all groups except the immune-mediated thrombocytopenic group. We conclude that thrombocytopenia is a prevalent and potentially important diagnostic finding in a variety of disease states. DA - 1991/// PY - 1991/// DO - 10.1111/j.1939-165x.1991.tb00566.x VL - 20 IS - 2 SP - 38 ER - TY - JOUR TI - HELPER T-CELL SUBSETS - PHENOTYPE, FUNCTION AND THE ROLE OF LYMPHOKINES IN REGULATING THEIR DEVELOPMENT AU - SWAIN, SL AU - BRADLEY, LM AU - CROFT, M AU - TONKONOGY, S AU - ATKINS, G AU - WEINBERG, AD AU - DUNCAN, DD AU - HEDRICK, SM AU - DUTTON, RW AU - HUSTON, G T2 - IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS AB - Immunological ReviewsVolume 123, Issue 1 p. 115-144 Helper T-Cell Subsets: Phenotype, Function and the Role of Lymphokines in Regulating their Development Susan L. Swain, Susan L. Swain Department of Biology and the Theodore Gildred Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9100 Gilman Dr., 0063, La Jolla, CA 92093-0063Search for more papers by this authorLinda M. Bradley, Linda M. Bradley Department of Biology and the Theodore Gildred Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9100 Gilman Dr., 0063, La Jolla, CA 92093-0063Search for more papers by this authorMichael Croft, Michael Croft Department of Biology and the Theodore Gildred Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9100 Gilman Dr., 0063, La Jolla, CA 92093-0063Search for more papers by this authorSusan Tonkonogy, Susan Tonkonogy Department of Microbiology, Pathology and Parasitology, North Carolina Slate University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 4700 Hillsborough St., Raleigh, NC 27606, U.S.A.Search for more papers by this authorGus Atkins, Gus Atkins Department of Biology and the Theodore Gildred Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9100 Gilman Dr., 0063, La Jolla, CA 92093-0063Search for more papers by this authorAndrew D. Weinberg, Andrew D. Weinberg Department of Biology and the Theodore Gildred Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9100 Gilman Dr., 0063, La Jolla, CA 92093-0063Search for more papers by this authorDavid D. Duncan, David D. Duncan Department of Biology and the Theodore Gildred Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9100 Gilman Dr., 0063, La Jolla, CA 92093-0063Search for more papers by this authorStephen M. Hedrick, Stephen M. Hedrick Department of Biology and the Theodore Gildred Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9100 Gilman Dr., 0063, La Jolla, CA 92093-0063Search for more papers by this authorRichard W. Dutton, Richard W. Dutton Department of Biology and the Theodore Gildred Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9100 Gilman Dr., 0063, La Jolla, CA 92093-0063Search for more papers by this authorGail Huston, Gail Huston Department of Biology and the Theodore Gildred Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9100 Gilman Dr., 0063, La Jolla, CA 92093-0063Search for more papers by this author Susan L. Swain, Susan L. Swain Department of Biology and the Theodore Gildred Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9100 Gilman Dr., 0063, La Jolla, CA 92093-0063Search for more papers by this authorLinda M. Bradley, Linda M. Bradley Department of Biology and the Theodore Gildred Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9100 Gilman Dr., 0063, La Jolla, CA 92093-0063Search for more papers by this authorMichael Croft, Michael Croft Department of Biology and the Theodore Gildred Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9100 Gilman Dr., 0063, La Jolla, CA 92093-0063Search for more papers by this authorSusan Tonkonogy, Susan Tonkonogy Department of Microbiology, Pathology and Parasitology, North Carolina Slate University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 4700 Hillsborough St., Raleigh, NC 27606, U.S.A.Search for more papers by this authorGus Atkins, Gus Atkins Department of Biology and the Theodore Gildred Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9100 Gilman Dr., 0063, La Jolla, CA 92093-0063Search for more papers by this authorAndrew D. Weinberg, Andrew D. Weinberg Department of Biology and the Theodore Gildred Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9100 Gilman Dr., 0063, La Jolla, CA 92093-0063Search for more papers by this authorDavid D. Duncan, David D. Duncan Department of Biology and the Theodore Gildred Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9100 Gilman Dr., 0063, La Jolla, CA 92093-0063Search for more papers by this authorStephen M. Hedrick, Stephen M. Hedrick Department of Biology and the Theodore Gildred Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9100 Gilman Dr., 0063, La Jolla, CA 92093-0063Search for more papers by this authorRichard W. Dutton, Richard W. Dutton Department of Biology and the Theodore Gildred Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9100 Gilman Dr., 0063, La Jolla, CA 92093-0063Search for more papers by this authorGail Huston, Gail Huston Department of Biology and the Theodore Gildred Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9100 Gilman Dr., 0063, La Jolla, CA 92093-0063Search for more papers by this author First published: October 1991 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065X.1991.tb00608.xCitations: 292AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume123, Issue1October 1991Pages 115-144 RelatedInformation DA - 1991/10// PY - 1991/10// DO - 10.1111/j.1600-065X.1991.tb00608.x VL - 123 SP - 115-144 SN - 0105-2896 ER - TY - CONF TI - Mustard induced vesication in isolated perfused skin: Biochemical, physiological, and morphological studies AU - Monteiro-Riviere, N. A. AU - King, J. R. AU - Riviere, J. E. C2 - 1991/// C3 - Proceedings of the 1991 Medical Defense Bioscience Review DA - 1991/// SP - 159-162 PB - Aberdeen, MD: U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense ER - TY - JOUR TI - Development of surgical techniques for preparation of in vitro isolated perfused porcine skin flaps for percutaneous absorption studies AU - Bowman, K. F. AU - Monteiro-Riviere, N. A. AU - Riviere, J. E. T2 - American Journal of Veterinary Research DA - 1991/// PY - 1991/// VL - 52 SP - 75-82 ER - TY - CONF TI - Characterization of the cutaneous vascular response to topically applied sulfur mustard and lewisite AU - Riviere, J.E. AU - King, J.R. AU - Monteiro-Riviere, N.A. T2 - 1991 Medical Defense Bioscience Review C2 - 1991/// C3 - Proceedings of the 1991 Medical Defense Bioscience Review CY - Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD DA - 1991/// PY - 1991/8// SP - 29 PB - Aberdeen, MD: U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cutaneous laser Doppler velocimetry in nine animal species AU - Manning, T. O. AU - Monteiro-Riviere, N. A. AU - Bristol, D. G. AU - Riviere, J. E. T2 - American Journal of Veterinary Research DA - 1991/// PY - 1991/// VL - 52 IS - 12 SP - 1960-1964 ER - TY - JOUR TI - THE ISOLATED PERFUSED PORCINE SKIN FLAP AS AN INVITRO MODEL FOR PERCUTANEOUS-ABSORPTION AND CUTANEOUS TOXICOLOGY AU - RIVIERE, JE AU - MONTEIRORIVIERE, NA T2 - CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY AB - The isolated perfused porcine skin flap (IPPSF) is a new perfused skin model which allows in vitro cutaneous pharmacology and toxicology studies to be conducted in a viable skin preparation which has a normal anatomical structure and a functional microcirculation. The purpose of this review is to (1) outline the background of this field which indicated the need for this type of model; (2) outline the surgical procedures needed to create and harvest viable preparations; (3) overview the criteria (biochemical, physiological, and histological) used to assess viability during an experiment; (4) present results of percutaneous absorption, cutaneous metabolism, transdermal delivery (passive and active), and skin distribution experiments conducted to date; (5) present the strategy developed to quantitate percutaneous absorption and cutaneous drug distribution using compartmental and physiological-based pharmacokinetic models; (6) assess the correlation of IPPSF data to in vivo results; (7) define the biochemical, physiological and histological (LM, TEM, enzyme histochemistry) response of the IPPSF to topically applied cutaneous vesicants; (8) overview where this type of in vitro model fits into the overall framework of cutaneous toxicology and pharmacology research; and (9) outline possible paths for future development. This review should provide the reader with an appreciation of some unique problems in this field which require an in vitro model that is closely integrated in structure and function to the in vivo setting. DA - 1991/// PY - 1991/// DO - 10.3109/10408449109019570 VL - 21 IS - 5 SP - 329-344 SN - 1547-6898 KW - PERCUTANEOUS ADSORPTION KW - INVITRO MODEL KW - SKIN KW - CUTANEOUS TOXICOLOGY KW - DERMATOTOXICOLOGY KW - DERMATOPHARMACOLOGY KW - ISOLATED PERFUSED PORCINE SKIN FLAP KW - VESICANTS KW - PHARMACOKINETICS KW - TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY KW - IONTOPHORESIS KW - CUTANEOUS METABOLISM ER - TY - JOUR TI - THE ISOLATED PERFUSED EQUINE SKIN FLAP - PREPARATION AND METABOLIC PARAMETERS AU - BRISTOL, DG AU - RIVIERE, JE AU - MONTEIRORIVIERE, NA AU - BOWMAN, KF AU - ROGERS, RA T2 - VETERINARY SURGERY AB - A model for the study of equine cutaneous physiology, pharmacology, and toxicology was developed. Four 4 x 12 cm and twenty-one 6 x 12 cm single-pedicle axial pattern skin flaps based on the caudal superficial epigastric artery, and eight 6 x 12 cm flaps based on the saphenous artery and medial saphenous vein, were raised and sutured in a tubed configuration. On day 2, each flap was removed, the artery was cannulated, and the flap was perfused with a modified Krebs-Ringer's albumin-based medium for at least 6 hours. Flap viability was assessed by glucose use, lactate production, and histologic examination at the end of the perfusion period. The 4 x 12 cm flaps had evidence of skin necrosis, but the 6 x 12 cm flaps remained histologically viable. Results were compared to those previously reported from perfusion of porcine skin flaps based on the caudal superficial epigastric artery. While the ratios of glucose use to lactate production were similar, equine flaps used less glucose and produced less lactate per gram of tissue than similar pig flaps. Equine skin flaps perfused by saphenous vessels used more glucose and produced more lactate than flaps perfused by caudal superficial epigastric vessels. These results indicate that conclusions drawn from cutaneous physiology studies should not be extrapolated across species lines and that site-specific skin should be used for cutaneous physiology, pharmacology, and toxicology studies. The identified skin flaps may have applications in equine reconstructive surgery. DA - 1991/// PY - 1991/// DO - 10.1111/j.1532-950X.1991.tb00351.x VL - 20 IS - 6 SP - 424-433 SN - 0161-3499 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Cutaneous toxicity of mustard and lewisite on the isolated perfused porcine skin flap AU - Monteiro-Riviere, N. A. AU - Riviere, J. E. DA - 1991/// PY - 1991/// SP - 1-140 ER - TY - CONF TI - Characterization of lewisite vesication in isolated perfused porcine skin AU - King, J.R., JR AU - Riviere, J.E. AU - Monteiro-Riviere, N.A. T2 - 1991 Annual Chemical Defense Bioscience Review C2 - 1991/8// C3 - Proceedings of the 1991 Annual Chemical Defense Bioscience Review CY - Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD DA - 1991/8// PY - 1991/// SP - 30 PB - Aberdeen, MD: U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense ER -