TY - JOUR
TI - Transdermal delivery of testosterone in pigs
AU - Riviere, J.E.
AU - Mak, V.
AU - Grayson, S.
AU - Brooks, J.D.
AU - Inman, A.L.
AU - Abbdullahi, R.
AU - Wilkes, R.
AU - Monteiro-Riviere, N.A.
T2 - AAPS Pharm. Sci
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
VL - 1
SP - S8
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) in pigs. Regional differences and effects of selective lipid extractions
AU - Monteiro-Riviere, N.A.
AU - Mak, V.
AU - Wertz, P.
AU - Inman, A.L.
AU - Wilkes, R.
AU - Abdullahi, R.
AU - Riviere, J.E.
T2 - AAPS Pharm. Sci
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
VL - 1
SP - S228
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Clustering of JP-8 chemicals using structure spaces and property spaces. A computational approach
AU - Basak, S.C.
AU - Gute, B.D.
AU - Grunwald, G.
AU - Mills, D.
AU - Riviere, J.E.
AU - Opitz, D.
T2 - International Conference on Medicinal Chemistry
C2 - 1999///
C3 - Proceedings of the International Conference on Medicinal Chemistry
CY - Biostatistics, New Delhi, India
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - A multistate outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections associated with consumption of mesclun lettuce.
T2 - Archives of internal medicine
AB -
Background
An outbreak ofEscherichia coliO157:H7 infections in Connecticut and Illinois during May 28 to June 27, 1996, was investigated to determine the source of infections. Methods
Independent case-control studies were performed in both states. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed onE coliO157:H7 isolates. Acase-patientwas defined as a Connecticut or northern Illinois resident with diarrhea whose stool culture yieldedE coliO157:H7 of the outbreak-associated PFGE subtype. Controls were town-, age-, and sex-matched to case-patients. We traced implicated lettuce to the farm level and performed environmental investigations to identify unsafe lettuce production practices. Results
In Connecticut and Illinois, infection was associated with consumption of mesclun lettuce (Connecticut matched odds ratio [MOR], undefined; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.4 to ∞; and Illinois MOR, undefined; 95% CI, 1.4 to ∞). We traced implicated lettuce to a single grower–processor. Cattle, a knownE coliO157:H7 reservoir, were found near the lettuce fields.Escherichia coli(an indicator of fecal contamination) was cultured from wash water and finished lettuce. A trace-forward investigation identified 3 additional states that received implicated lettuce;E coliO157:H7 isolates from patients in 1 of these states matched the outbreak-associated PFGE subtype. Conclusions
This multistate outbreak ofE coliO157:H7 infections was associated with consumption of mesclun lettuce from a single producer. Molecular subtyping facilitated the epidemiological investigation. This investigation increased the knowledge about current production practices that may contribute to the contamination of lettuce by microbial pathogens. Lettuce production practices should be monitored for microbiological safety.
DA - 1999/8/1/
PY - 1999/8/1/
DO - 10.1001/archinte.159.15.1758
UR - https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.159.15.1758
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Compass plots: A joint graphical representation of the factorial design and treatment means
AU - Budsaba, K.
AU - Smith, C.R.
AU - Riviere, J.E.
T2 - 22nd Annual Midwest Biopharmaceutical Statistics Workshop and Summer Research Conference in Statistics
C2 - 1999/5/24/
C3 - 22nd Annual Midwest Biopharmaceutical Statistics Workshop and Summer Research Conference in Statistics
CY - L. A. Pittenger Student Center, Ball State University, Muncie, IN
DA - 1999/5/24/
PY - 1999/5/24/
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Dermal absorption and toxicity of jet fuels
AU - Riviere, J.E.
AU - Monteiro-Riviere, N.A.
AU - Brooks, J.D.
AU - Budsaba, K.
AU - Smith, C.
T2 - 38th Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology
C2 - 1999///
C3 - Toxicological Sciences
CY - New Orleans, LA
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999/3/14/
VL - 48
SP - 71
M1 - S1
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Strategies for estimating provisional acceptable residues (PAR) after extralabel drug use in food animals
AU - Baynes, R.E.
AU - Martin-Jiminez, T.
AU - Craigmill, A.L.
AU - Riviere, J.E.
T2 - 38th Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology
C2 - 1999///
C3 - Toxicological Sciences
CY - New Orleans, LA
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999/3/14/
VL - 48
SP - 58.
M1 - S1
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Dermal absorption and cutaneous disposition of 3,3’,4,4’ tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) in swine model
AU - Qiao, G.L.
AU - Brooks, J.D.
AU - Riviere, J.E.
T2 - 38th Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology
C2 - 1999///
C3 - Toxicological Sciences
CY - New Orleans, LA
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999/3/14/
VL - 48
SP - 73–74
M1 - S1
ER -
TY - BOOK
TI - Comparative Pharmacokinetics: Principles, Techniques, and Applications.
AU - Riviere, J.E.
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
PB - Blackwell Publishing
SN - 0-8138-2931-3
ER -
TY - CHAP
TI - Skin
AU - Riviere, J.E.
AU - Monteiro-Riviere, N.A.
T2 - Toxicology
A2 - Schafer, S.
A2 - Marquardt, H.
A2 - McClellan, R.
A2 - Welsch, R.
PY - 1999///
SP - 439–457
PB - Academic Press
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Preliminary Report on Adult and Kitten Survival Time or Feral Cats in Managed Colonies in Randolph County
AU - Nutter, F.B.
AU - Levine, JF
AU - Stoskopf, M
T2 - Wildlife Disease Association
C2 - 1999/8//
CY - Athens, GA
DA - 1999/8//
PY - 1999/8//
ER -
TY - RPRT
TI - Wilson Bay Water Quality Initiative
AU - Hargett, G.
AU - Levine, J.F.
A3 - NC Clean Water Management Trust Fund
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
PB - NC Clean Water Management Trust Fund
ER -
TY - RPRT
TI - Covalently modified hemoglobin composition having low temperature-dependent oxygen-binding function
AU - Nelson, D.J.
DA - 1999/10/7/
PY - 1999/10/7/
M1 - 6180598
M3 - U.S. Patent Application
SN - 6180598
ER -
TY - RPRT
TI - Therapeutic hemoglobin composition having isotropically increased size
AU - Hai, T.T.
AU - Nelson, D.J.
AU - Pereira, D.E.
AU - Estep, T.N.
DA - 1999/11/9/
PY - 1999/11/9/
M1 - 5981710
M3 - U.S. Patent
SN - 5981710
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Polymerization of Diaspirin Cross-Linked Hemoglobin (DCLHb) with Water-Soluble, Nonimmunogenic Polyamide Cross-Linking Agents
AU - Hai, Ton T.
AU - Pereira, David E.
AU - Nelson, Deanna J.
AU - Srnak, Ana
AU - Catarello, James
T2 - Bioconjugate Chemistry
AB - Diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin (DCLHb), a human hemoglobin that is intramolecularly cross-linked between the alpha chains (lysine 99(alpha)(1)-lysine 99(alpha)(2)), was polymerized with a number of water-soluble, nonimmunogenic polyamide cross-linking agents. The degree of polymerization and the oxygen-carrying capacity depended upon the polyamide reagent, the starting concentration of DCLHb, the molar ratio of the polyamide reagent to DCLHb used, the reaction pH, and whether oxy- or deoxy-DCLHb was used in the polymerization reaction.
DA - 1999/11//
PY - 1999/11//
DO - 10.1021/bc9900486
VL - 10
IS - 6
SP - 1013-1020
J2 - Bioconjugate Chem.
LA - en
OP -
SN - 1043-1802 1520-4812
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bc9900486
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Polymerization of diaspirin crosslinked hemoglobin (DCLHb) with PEG activated with benzenesulfonate bearing electron-withdrawing groups
AU - Hai, Ton T.
AU - Pereira, David E.
AU - Nelson, Deanna J.
AU - Srnak, Ana
T2 - Tetrahedron
AB - The hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier solution, DCLHb, was polymerized with novel polyethylene glycol polymerization reagents to provide a solution of monomers to tetramers of hemoglobin molecules. The polyethylene glycol reagents 4 and 5 were designed to be selective toward nucleophilic displacement of the substituted benzenesulfonates by the sulfhydryl groups of β93 Cys of DCLHb.
DA - 1999/2//
PY - 1999/2//
DO - 10.1016/s0040-4020(98)01230-7
VL - 55
IS - 8
SP - 2147-2156
J2 - Tetrahedron
LA - en
OP -
SN - 0040-4020
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4020(98)01230-7
DB - Crossref
KW - proteins
KW - polymerisation
ER -
TY - MGZN
TI - Lighting Program Does Not Improve the Response of Poults to PEMS Infection
AU - Siopes, T.
AU - Davis, J.
AU - Barnes, J.
AU - Donaldson, W.
AU - Scott, R.
AU - Guy, J.
T2 - Turkey World
DA - 1999/5//
PY - 1999/5//
SP - 24–25
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Sequence of cardiovascular changes leading to pulmonary edema in swine fed culture material containing fumonisin
AU - Smith, G.W.
AU - Constable, P.D.
AU - Tumbleson, M.E.
AU - Rottinghaus, G.A.
AU - Haschek, W.M.
T2 - American Journal of Veterinary Research
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
VL - 60
IS - 10
SP - 1292–1300
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Development of a precocious strain of Eimeria tenella: Preliminary observations
AU - Rao, J.R.
AU - Mishra, A.K.
AU - Kulkarni, R.R.
T2 - Journal of Veterinary Parasitology
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
VL - 13
IS - 2
SP - 107–110
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Eimeria tenella: Isolation, purification and protein profile of merozoite and oocysts wall proteins of a strain of Eimeria tenella selected for precociousness
AU - Kulkarni, R.R.
AU - Rao, J.R.
AU - Omanwar, S.
AU - Singh, R.K.
T2 - Journal of Veterinary Parasitology
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
VL - 13
IS - 2
SP - 119–123
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Femoral Fractures in a Young Male Turkey Breeder Flock
AU - Crespo, R.
AU - Stover, S. M.
AU - Droual, R.
AU - Chin, R. P.
AU - Shivaprasad, H. L.
T2 - Avian Diseases
AB - Twenty-two 32-to-35-wk-old male turkeys from a commercial breeding flock were presented to the California Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory System, Fresno Branch, with a clinical complaint of lameness and increased mortality. Necropsy findings included a unilateral, closed oblique fracture involving the femur in 12 birds. Ten complete femoral fractures had periosteal new bone adjacent to and bridging the fracture. Periosteal callus formation, in this case, suggested that preexisting lesions preceded complete fracture of the femur. Factors such as selection for heavy body weight, lack of exercise, and handling might have contributed to the development and promotion of complete fractures.
DA - 1999/1//
PY - 1999/1//
DO - 10.2307/1592775
VL - 43
IS - 1
SP - 150-154
SN - 0005-2086
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1592775
KW - endosteal callus
KW - femur fracture
KW - periosteal callus
KW - turkey
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Exotic Newcastle Disease in a Game Chicken Flock
AU - Crespo, Rocio
AU - Shivaprasad, H. L.
AU - Woolcock, Peter R.
AU - Chin, R. P.
AU - Davidson-York, Dorothy
AU - Tarbell, Robert
T2 - Avian Diseases
AB - A sudden increase in mortality, preceded by a short history of respiratory signs and diarrhea, occurred in a backyard flock of 48 game chickens in the Central Valley of California. Necropsy findings included severe generalized linear hemorrhages and/or ulcers in the digestive tract, larynx, and trachea. Histology revealed severe multifocal hemorrhages and necrosis in the mucosa of the respiratory and digestive tracts, vasculitis, and necrosis of lymphoid tissue. The birds were serologically negative to Newcastle disease virus; this was consistent with an acute infection. The avian paramyxovirus type 1 isolated was characterized as velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease virus. A thorough epidemiologic investigation was carried out, and no other premises were found to have birds with clinical signs or evidence of exposure. The entire outbreak was limited to the original backyard flock and resolved within 14 days of the onset of clinical signs.
DA - 1999/4//
PY - 1999/4//
DO - 10.2307/1592629
VL - 43
IS - 2
SP - 349
J2 - Avian Diseases
OP -
SN - 0005-2086
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1592629
DB - Crossref
KW - game chickens
KW - avian paramyxovirus type 1
KW - pathology
KW - exotic Newcastle disease
KW - virus isolation
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Ozone in dairy chilling water systems: effect on metal materials
AU - Greene, Annel K
AU - Smith, Geoffrey W
AU - Knight, Charles S
T2 - International Journal of Dairy Technology
AB - The use of pulsed ozone as a disinfecting agent in chilling water systems will be feasible only if components of the systems are not adversely affected. Pulsing ozone into water at room temperature for 20 minutes per day for 7 days caused greater weight loss of aluminium, carbon steel, copper, 304 stainless steel and 316 stainless steel samples than control samples; however, only weight loss for carbon steel was significantly greater (α= .05). Severe pitting was noted on ozone treated copper samples when observed by scanning electron microscopy. Black striations were observed on ozone treated carbon steel surfaces.
DA - 1999/11//
PY - 1999/11//
DO - 10.1111/j.1471-0307.1999.tb02853.x
VL - 52
IS - 4
SP - 126-128
J2 - Int J Dairy Tech
LA - en
OP -
SN - 1364-727X 1471-0307
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0307.1999.tb02853.x
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Sequence of cardiovascular changes leading to pulmonary edema in swine fed culture material containing fumonisin.
T2 - American journal of veterinary research
DA - 1999/10/1/
PY - 1999/10/1/
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Evidence for Marek's disease in turkeys in Germany: Detection of MDVH serotype 1 using the polymerase chain reaction
AU - Voelckel, K.
AU - Bertram, E.
AU - Gimeno, I.M.
AU - Neumann, U.
AU - Kaleta, E.F.
T2 - Acta Virologica
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
VL - 43
SP - 143–147
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Detection of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium DT104 based on a gene which confers cross-resistance to florfenicol and chloramphenicol
AU - Bolton, LF
AU - Kelley, LC
AU - Lee, MD
AU - Fedorka-Cray, P.J.
AU - Maurer, J.J.
T2 - Journal of Clinical Microbiology
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
VL - 37
IS - 5
SP - 1348-1351
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Epidemiologic aspects, control, and importance of multiple-drug resistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 in the United States
AU - Akkina, J.E.
AU - Hogue, A.T.
AU - Angulo, F.J.
AU - Johnson, R.
AU - Petersen, K.E.
AU - Saini, P.K.
AU - Fedorka-Cray, P.J.
AU - Schlosser, W.D.
T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
VL - 214
IS - 6
SP - 790-798
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Public health aspects of antibiotic resistance monitoring in the USA
AU - Tollefson, L.
AU - Fedorka-Cray, P.J.
AU - Angulo, FJ
T2 - Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica Supplementum
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
VL - 92
SP - 67–75
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Detection of multiresistant Salmonella typhimurium DT104 using multiplex and fluorogenic PCR
AU - Carlson, S.A.
AU - Bolton, L.F.
AU - Briggs, C.E.
AU - Hurd, H.S.
AU - Sharma, V.K.
AU - Fedorka-Cray, P.J.
AU - Jones, B.D.
T2 - Molecular and Cellular Probes
AB - Salmonellainfections continue to cause gastrointestinal and systemic disease throughout the world.Salmonella typhimuriumDT104 further poses a major health concern due to its acquisition of resistance to multiple antibiotics. The rapid detection of multiresistantS. typhimuriumDT104 would facilitate strategies aimed at controlling this pathogen. We developed a specific and sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay that amplifies a segment of DNA that is conserved in multiresistantS. typhimuriumDT104. To provide further specificity for this PCR-based diagnostic test, we amplified two other gene fragments that are present inS. typhimuriumDT104. A multiplex PCR containing primers for targeted sequences resulted in the amplification of predicted size fragments fromS. typhimuriumDT104 exhibiting the ACSSuT (ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulphamethoxazole and tetracycline) or ASSuT resistance phenotypes. A minor modification of the multiplex PCR enabled the detection of other related multiresistantSalmonellasuch asS. typhimuriumU302. To augment the detection process, we also designed a fluorogenic PCR assay that can detect the DNA of multiresistantS. typhimuriumDT104 in the presence of excess contaminating bacterial DNA. These results provide a method by which multiresistantS. typhimuriumDT104, or potentially the next emerging multiresistantSalmonella, can be accurately detected in only 3–4 h.
DA - 1999/6//
PY - 1999/6//
DO - 10.1006/mcpr.1999.0240
VL - 13
IS - 3
SP - 213-222
SN - 0890-8508
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/mcpr.1999.0240
KW - PCR
KW - Salmonella typhimurium DT104
KW - multiplex
KW - antibiotic resistance
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Mucosal Competitive Exclusion to Reduce Salmonella in Swine
AU - Fedorka Cray, Paula J.
AU - Bailey, J. Stan
AU - Stern, Norman J.
AU - Cox, Nelson A.
AU - Ladely, Scott R.
AU - Musgrove, Michael
T2 - Journal of Food Protection
AB - A mucosal competitive exclusion culture has been shown to reduce or eliminate Salmonella spp. in poultry. Using similar techniques, a mucosal competitive exclusion culture from swine (MCES) was produced from the cecum of a 6-week-old pig. Suckling pigs were inoculated with 5 ml of MCES by oral gavage within 6 h postfarrowing (PF) and again at 24 h PE All pigs were challenged with 10(3) CFU of Salmonella Choleraesuis at 48 h PF by intranasal instillation, including pigs from two sows that had not been given MCES. Clinical signs and rectal swabs were monitored daily, and pigs were allowed to suckle throughout the experiment. All pigs underwent necropsy on day 7 PF, and presence of Salmonella was determined in both qualitative (10 tissues) and quantitative (two tissues) samples. Clinical signs were inapparent in all pigs throughout the experiment. Recovery of Salmonella from rectal swabs was variable. However, 28% of the gut tissues were positive from the MCES-treated pigs versus 79% from the control pigs. A 2- to 5-log10 reduction of Salmonella in the cecal contents or ileocolic junction was observed in the MCES-treated pigs when compared with the controls. These data indicate that use of MCES may be a useful approach for control of Salmonella.
DA - 1999/12//
PY - 1999/12//
DO - 10.4315/0362-028x-62.12.1376
VL - 62
IS - 12
SP - 1376-1380
J2 - Journal of Food Protection
LA - en
OP -
SN - 0362-028X
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-62.12.1376
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - An Acute Form of Transient Paralysis Induced by Highly Virulent Strains of Marek's Disease Virus
AU - Witter, R. L.
AU - Gimeno, I. M.
AU - Reed, W. M.
AU - Bacon, L. D.
T2 - Avian Diseases
AB - A novel syndrome was observed after inoculation of 3-wk-old chickens with highly virulent Marek's disease virus (MDV) strains. This syndrome was characterized by the acute onset of neurologic signs including flaccid paralysis of neck and limbs 9-10 days postinoculation, typically resulting in death 1-3 days after the onset of clinical signs. Most affected birds died, and spontaneous recovery was rare. Few if any gross tissue changes were found. Histologic brain lesions included acute vasculitis with vasogenic edema and perivascular cuffing. The syndrome was influenced by the virus strain and dose and by chicken strain and B haplotype and was prevented by vaccination with turkey herpesvirus. Chickens up to 18 wk of age were susceptible. On the basis of clinical signs and histopathology, the syndrome was determined to be an acute form of transient paralysis (TP); its more acute nature and virtual lack of spontaneous recovery differentiated this syndrome from classical TP. Affected birds were viremic, and brains were positive for viral DNA by polymerase chain reaction assays, but these tests were also positive in inoculated chickens without clinical signs and may have limited value for diagnosis. Although acute TP should occur only rarely in Marek's disease-vaccinated commercial flocks, this syndrome may be important in laboratory studies, where it could interfere with pathogenesis trials. Finally, acute TP appears to be one component in the pathogenesis of the early mortality syndrome, a previously described immunodepressive disease induced by inoculation of 1-day-old chicks with highly virulent MDV.
DA - 1999/10//
PY - 1999/10//
DO - 10.2307/1592740
VL - 43
IS - 4
SP - 704
J2 - Avian Diseases
OP -
SN - 0005-2086
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1592740
DB - Crossref
KW - Marek's disease
KW - transient paralysis
KW - chicken
KW - central nervous system
KW - pathotype
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Four Distinct Neurologic Syndromes in Marek's Disease: Effect of Viral Strain and Pathotype
AU - Gimeno, I. M.
AU - Witter, R. L.
AU - Reed, W. M.
T2 - Avian Diseases
AB - A chronological study of central nervous system disorders induced by Marek's disease virus (MDV) has been conducted. Neurologic clinical signs were recorded daily for individual chickens of two genetic lines after inoculation of 13 serotype 1 MDV strains representing all three pathotypes. In addition to classical transient paralysis (TP) previously described by many workers, and acute TP, described in the companion paper, we have identified for the first time two other neurologic syndromes, persistent neurologic disease (PND) and late paralysis (LP). PND designates birds that showed a variety of neurologic signs (ataxia, torticollis, and nervous tics) after recovery from paralysis (12-15 days postin-oculation [DPI]) that either persisted through the observation period or presented a cyclic pattern. LP was a rare syndrome characterized by the late onset of the paralytic stage (about 20 DPI), perhaps indicating occasional failure of the initial intraabdominal inoculation to induce infection. Clinical signs and histopathologic alterations of the brain were also evaluated sequentially in chickens of two genetic lines after inoculation with two MDV strains (virulent MDV and very virulent plus MDV). Although clinical response differed greatly among treatment groups, types of lesions (endotheliosis, mononuclear perivascular cuffing, vasculitis, vacuolization, and increase in cellularity of the neuropil) were similar. However, early onset of lesions (by 6 days) appeared to be associated with a greater severity of clinical signs. We also found that neurologic response was greatly influenced by viral pathotype (virulence). This study thus confirms that the central nervous system is an important target organ for MDV resulting in several distinct clinical manifestations and suggests that neurologic responses in antibody-free chickens might be a useful criterion for virus pathotyping.
DA - 1999/10//
PY - 1999/10//
DO - 10.2307/1592741
VL - 43
IS - 4
SP - 721
J2 - Avian Diseases
OP -
SN - 0005-2086
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1592741
DB - Crossref
KW - Marek's disease
KW - transient paralysis
KW - pathotype
KW - pathogenesis
KW - chicken
KW - central nervous system
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Long terminal repeat sequences of equine infectious anaemia virus are a major determinant of cell tropism.
AU - Payne, S L
AU - Qi, X M
AU - Fuller, F
AU - Shao, H
AU - La Celle, K
AU - Steagall, W K
AU - Pei, X F
AU - Perry, S
T2 - Journal of General Virology
AB - The Wyoming strain of equine infectious anaemia virus (EIAV) is a highly virulent field strain that replicates to high titre in vitro only in primary equine monocyte-derived macrophages. In contrast, Wyoming-derived fibroblast-adapted EIAV strains (Malmquist virus) replicate in primary foetal equine kidney and equine dermis cells as well as in the cell lines FEA and Cf2Th. Wyoming and Malmquist viruses differ extensively both in long terminal repeat (LTR) and envelope region sequences. We have compared the promoter activities of the Wyoming LTR with those of LTRs derived from fibroblast-adapted viruses by examining their abilities to drive a luciferase reporter gene as well as by construction of infectious molecular clones differing only in LTR sequence. Our results indicate that LTR sequences are a major restriction for growth of the Wyoming strain of EIAV in fibroblasts.
DA - 1999/3/1/
PY - 1999/3/1/
DO - 10.1099/0022-1317-80-3-755
VL - 80
IS - 3
SP - 755-759
LA - en
OP -
SN - 0022-1317 1465-2099
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-80-3-755
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - CHAP
TI - Zur taxonomischen zuordnung von Barney; anzeichen fur konvergenz in der hominidenevolution
AU - Theriot, E. C.
AU - Bogan, A. E.
AU - Spamer, E. E.
T2 - Der Einfluss von Erdnussbutter auf die Erdrotation; forschungen, die die Welt nicht braucht Best of Annals of Improbable Research
A2 - M. Abrahams,
A2 - Herbst, G.
AB - Die Evolution der Hominiden ist umstritten. Der Schwindel mit dem „Piltdown-Menschen“ hat dafür gesorgt, daß man diesem Forschungsgebiet Argwohn entgegenbringt, und der tragische Verlust der Exemplare des Peking-Menschen hat politische Verwicklungen ausgelöst. Natürlich sollte man die leidenschaftlich geführten Auseinandersetzungen um die Ansichten der Anhänger der Schöpfungslehre über den Aufstieg des Menschen6 nicht übergehen, doch wir sehen uns außerstande, deren Daten mit den unsrigen in Beziehung zu setzen, weshalb wir nur unsere Daten vorstellen.
PY - 1999///
DO - 10.1007/978-3-0348-6244-8_29
SP - 103-109
PB - Basel: Birkhauser Verlag
SN - 3764359412
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Gastrointestinal scintigraphy in Psittacines
AU - Degernes, L. A.
AU - Fisher, P. E.
AU - Trogdon, M.
C2 - 1999///
C3 - Proceedings Annual Conference of the Association of Avian Veterinarians
DA - 1999///
SP - 93-94
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - A topical formulation containing L tyrosine does not intensify pigmentation in human skin
AU - Ho, J.
AU - Omar, M.
AU - Riviere, J. E.
AU - Pinnel, S. R.
T2 - Journal of Applied Cosmetology
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
VL - 17
SP - 82-85
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Moisture loss in hatching eggs
AU - Wineland, M.
T2 - Poultry Digest
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
VL - 58
IS - 6
SP - 22
ER -
TY - CHAP
TI - Skin toxicology
AU - Monteiro-Riviere, N. A.
AU - Riviere, J. E.
T2 - Toxicology
A2 - H. Marquardt, et al.
AB - Publisher Summary
This chapter depicts how anatomical structures within the skin can contribute and influence barrier function by providing an overview of the structure and function of the skin, viewed from a multifaceted perspective. The primary function of the skin is to act as a barrier to the external environment. There has also been a surge of interest in the skin as a target organ due in part to the fact that it is experimentally accessible, directly interfaces with the environment, and is an important route of entry for a myriad of environmental toxins. Recent developments in percutaneous absorption and dermal toxicology have considered how anatomical factors may affect the barrier function, thereby altering the rate of absorption. It is the purpose of this chapter to provide an overview of the general principles of percutaneous penetration, metabolism, and cutaneous responses to specific chemicals. In addition, the mechanisms of direct irritation and sensitization are discussed to provide a basis for selecting appropriate biomarkers for evaluating dermal toxicity.
PY - 1999///
DO - 10.1016/b978-012473270-4/50077-8
SP - 439-457
PB - San Diego: Academic Press
SN - 0124732704
ER -
TY - CHAP
TI - Lung, pleura and mediastinum
AU - Dixon, D.
AU - Herbert, R. A.
AU - Sills, R. C.
AU - Boorman, G. A.
T2 - Pathology of the mouse: reference and atlas (1st ed.)
CN - SF997.5.M4 P38 1999
PY - 1999///
PB - Vienna, IL: Cache River Press
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Gathering data on culture and health to develop educational materials on zoonoses for subsistence dairy farmers in Costa Rica
AU - Correa-Prisant, M.
T2 - Journal of Agromedicine
AB - ABSTRACT Socially and culturally sensitive educational materials on the transmission and prevention of zoonoses for subsistence dairy farmers in Costa Rica are being designed based on information gathered through a series of personal interviews. Women were targeted in the study since they make nutritional and health-related decisions for the family and in particular for children. The women in the study were able to actually describe the symptoms of many zoonotic diseases but were not necessarily able to identify those diseases by their medical name or knew of a vernacular name. All women preferred alternative medicine including herbal treatments and homeopathy for any disease or ailment over western medicine. The radio was identified as the media of choice for health education dissemination for adults while children preferred story or coloring books.
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
DO - 10.1300/j096v06n01_04
VL - 6
IS - 1
SP - 33-41
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - The phylogenetic relationship of Pfiesteria piscicida, Cryptoperidiniopsoid sp Amyloodinoum ocellatum and a Pfiesteria-like dinoflagellate to other dinoflagellates and apicomplexans
AU - Litaker, RW
AU - Tester, PA
AU - Colorni, A
AU - Levy, MG
AU - Noga, EJ
T2 - JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY
AB - The taxonomic relationship between heterotrophic and parasitic dinoflagellates has not been studied extensively at the molecular level. In order to investigate these taxonomic relationships, we sequenced the small subunit (SSU) ribosomal RNA gene of Pfiesteria piscicida (Steidinger et Burkholder), a Pfiesteria-like dinoflagellate, Cryptoperidiniopsoid sp., and Amyloodinium ocellatum (Brown) and submitted those sequences to GenBank. Pfiesteria piscicida and Cryptoperidiniopsoid sp. are heterotrophic dinoflagellates, purportedly pathogenic to fish, and A. ocellatum, a major fish pathogen, has caused extensive economic losses in both the aquarium and aquaculture industries. The pathogenicity of the Pfiesteria-like dinoflagellate is unknown at this time, but its growth characteristics and in vitro food preferences are similar to those of P. piscicda. The SSU sequences of these species were aligned with the other full-length dinoflagellate sequences, as well as those of representative apicomplexans and Perkinsus species, the groups most closely related to dinoflagellates. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that Cryptoperidiniopsoid sp., P. piscicida, and the Pfiesteria-like dinoflagellate are closely related and group into the class Blastodiniphyceae, as does A. ocellatum. None of the species examined were closely related to the apicomplexans or to Perkinsus marinus, the parasite that causes “Dermo disease” in oysters. The overall phylogenetic analyses largely supported the current class and subclass groupings within the dinoflagellates.
DA - 1999/12//
PY - 1999/12//
DO - 10.1046/j.1529-8817.1999.3561379.x
VL - 35
IS - 6
SP - 1379-1389
SN - 1529-8817
KW - Amyloodinium ocellatum
KW - Cryptoperidiniopsoid sp.
KW - dinoflagellate
KW - evolution
KW - parasite
KW - Pfiesteria piscicida
KW - Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA
KW - 18S
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Perceived constraints to privatization of delivery of veterinary services in Ghana
AU - Turkson, PK
AU - Brownie, CF
T2 - TROPICAL ANIMAL HEALTH AND PRODUCTION
DA - 1999/4//
PY - 1999/4//
DO - 10.1023/a:1005167724020
VL - 31
IS - 2
SP - 103-114
SN - 0049-4747
KW - animal health
KW - finance
KW - Ghana
KW - privatization
KW - resources
KW - veterinary services
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Neutropenia restores virulence to an attenuated Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase-deficient Haemophilus ducreyi strain in the swine model of chancroid
AU - San Mateo, L. R.
AU - Toffer, K. L.
AU - Orndorff, P. E.
AU - Kawula, T. H.
T2 - Infection and Immunity
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
VL - 67
IS - 10
SP - 5345-5351
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Financing the delivery of animal health services in developing countries: A case study of Ghana
AU - Turkson, PK
AU - Brownie, CF
T2 - TROPICAL ANIMAL HEALTH AND PRODUCTION
DA - 1999/2//
PY - 1999/2//
DO - 10.1023/a:1005129417183
VL - 31
IS - 1
SP - 33-44
SN - 0049-4747
KW - animal health
KW - finance
KW - Ghana
KW - resources
KW - veterinary services
ER -
TY - CHAP
TI - Evaluating immunodeficiency disorders in captive wild animals
AU - Kennedy-Stoskopf, S.
T2 - Zoo & wild animal medicine: Current therapy (4th ed.)
A2 - M. E. Fowler,
A2 - Miller, R. E.
CN - SF996 .Z66 1999
PY - 1999///
SP - 58-62
PB - Philadelphia, Pa.: W.B. Saunders
ER -
TY - CHAP
TI - Emerging viral infections in large cats
AU - Kennedy-Stoskopf, S.
T2 - Zoo & wild animal medicine: Current therapy (4th ed.)
A2 - M. E. Fowler,
A2 - Miller, R. E.
CN - SF996 .Z66 1999
PY - 1999///
SP - 401-410
PB - Philadelphia, Pa.: W.B. Saunders
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Effect of breed (Angus Vs Simmental) on immune function and response to a disease challenge in stressed steers and preweaned calves
AU - Engle, T. E.
AU - Spears, J. W.
AU - Brown, T. T.
AU - Lloyd, K. E.
T2 - Journal of Animal Science
AB - Two experiments were conducted with feeder steer calves and preweaned calves to determine the effects of breed on immune response. In Exp. 1, newly weaned Angus (n = 24) and Simmental (n = 24) steer calves were blocked by weight within breed and randomly assigned to 12 pens with four calves per pen. The basal diet consisted of 87% corn silage (DM basis) and 13% of a soybean meal-mineral-vitamin supplement. Steers were allowed ad libitum access to feed throughout the study. On d 2 following weaning, calves received an intranasal inoculation of infectious bovine rhinotraecheitis virus (IBRV; 2.7 × 108 CCID50). Rectal temperatures in response to the IBRV were higher (P < .05) in Angus calves. On d 9, calves were injected i.m. with 10 mL of a 25% pig red blood cell (PRBC) suspension. Total immunoglobulin (Ig) and IgM titers against PRBC were higher (P < .05) for the Angus calves. Breed did affect cell-mediated immune response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA). In Exp. 2, preweaned (16 Angus and 16 Simmental) calves were selected based on breed, body weight, and sex. On 0 d, all selected calves were injected i.m. with 10 mL of a 25% PRBC suspension. Total Ig and IgG titers against PRBC were higher (P < .05) for Angus calves. On d 28, lymphocytes were isolated from peripheral blood obtained from eight calves per breed. Peripheral lymphocytes from the Angus calves had a greater (P < .07) blastogenic response to 6.25 µ/mL of PHA than lymphocytes from Simmental calves. Results indicate that the immune response of Angus and Simmental calves may differ.
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
DO - 10.2527/1999.773516x
VL - 77
IS - 3
SP - 516-521
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - The characteristics of intestinal injury peripheral to strangulating obstruction lesions in the equine small intestine
AU - Gerard, MP
AU - Blikslager, AT
AU - Roberts, MC
AU - Tate, LP
AU - Argenzio, RA
T2 - EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL
AB - Summary Recent studies suggest that horses requiring surgical correction of strangulating intestinal obstruction may develop post operative complications as a result of ischaemia/ reperfusion injury. Therefore, the mucosal and serosal margins of resected small intestine from 9 horses with small intestinal strangulating lesions were examined for evidence of ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Severe mucosal injury and marked elevations in myeloperoxidase activity were detected at ileal resection margins (n = 4), whereas the mucosa from proximal jejunal (n = 9) and distal jejunal (n = 5) resection margins was normal. However, the serosa from jejunal resection margins had evidence of haemorrhage and oedema, and the proximal jejunal serosa had significantly increased numbers of neutrophils. Histological injury in ileal stumps is indicative of the inability fully to resect the ileum in horses with distal small intestinal strangulations. One of 4 horses subjected to ileal resection was subjected to euthanasia and found to have a necrotic ileal stump. Evidence of serosal injury and neutrophil infiltration in the proximal jejunal resection margins may predispose horses to post operative adhesions. Four of 8 horses discharged from the hospital suffered from recurrent colic in the post operative period.
DA - 1999/7//
PY - 1999/7//
DO - 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1999.tb03826.x
VL - 31
IS - 4
SP - 331-335
SN - 0425-1644
KW - horse
KW - intestine
KW - ischaemia
KW - myeloperoxidase
KW - lipid peroxidation
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Testing of a watershed scale hydrologic/water quality model for poorly drained soils
AU - Amatya, D. M.
AU - Chescheir, G. M.
AU - Fernandez, G. P.
AU - Skaggs, R. W.
C2 - 1999///
C3 - Proceedings of the Mini-Conference, Advances in Water Quality Modeling
DA - 1999///
SP - 33-39
M1 - 1999
PB - St. Joseph, MI: ASAE
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Palliative radiotherapy of appendicular osteosarcoma in 95 dogs
AU - Ramirez, O
AU - Dodge, RK
AU - Page, RL
AU - Price, GS
AU - Hauck, ML
AU - LaDue, TA
AU - Nutter, F
AU - Thrall, DE
T2 - VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND
AB - Ninety-five dogs with either a presumptive (n = 24) or biopsy confirmed diagnosis (n = 71) of osteosarcoma received palliative radiotherapy using 60Co photons. Parallel opposed beams were used with each dog receiving either 10 Gy on days 0, 7 and 21 (n = 58) or 8 Gy on days 0 and 7 (n = 37). The 8 Gy fractionation scheme was given with the intent of retreating upon relapse from pain relief. Only 9 of 37 (24%) dogs in the 8 Gy group returned for retreatment. Forty-seven of the 95 dogs (49%) received concurrent or sequential chemotherapy. Seventy of the 95 dogs (74%) experienced pain relief following treatment. In dogs experiencing pain relief the median duration of response was 73 days. Numerous clinical variables were evaluated as predictors of response. The only variable significantly related to achieving a response was the use of chemotherapy. The following variables were significantly related to the duration of response: extent of bone lysis, chemotherapy use, length of bone involved and tumor site (humerus). In a multivariate analysis (n = 73 dogs), after adjusting for chemotherapy use, extent of bone involvement (p = 0.01) and tumor site (p = 0.02) retained statistical significance, while degree of bone lysis did not (p = 0.11). No difference in response incidence or duration was found between 3 fractions of 10 Gy vs. 2 fractions of 8 Gy. Administration of a low initial dose with the intent of retreatment was not a successful strategy.
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
DO - 10.1111/j.1740-8261.1999.tb00385.x
VL - 40
IS - 5
SP - 517-522
SN - 1740-8261
KW - canine
KW - osteosarcoma
KW - palliative radiotherapy
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - PGE receptor characteristics on porcine luteal cells during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy
AU - Feng, SM
AU - Almond, GW
T2 - PROSTAGLANDINS & OTHER LIPID MEDIATORS
AB - This study examined the affinities and concentrations of prostaglandin E (PGE) receptors on porcine luteal cells during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy. Corpora lutea (CL) were obtained from nonpregnant gilts at days 9 (n = 4), 12 (n = 3), and 14 (n = 6); three gilts possessed red, vascular CL and three gilts had white nonvascular CL) of the estrous cycle, and days 9 (n = 4), 12 (n = 3), 14 (n = 5), and 30 (n = 5) of pregnancy. The CL were dissociated enzymatically to disperse single cells and the red blood cells were removed by elutriation. The luteal cells were assayed for specific PGE binding by displacement analysis with use of [3H] PGE2 and varying concentrations of unlabeled PGE2. The specific binding of [3H] PGE2 to luteal cells decreased (p < 0.05) from days 9 to 14 of the estrous cycle, but only decreased (p < 0.05) from days 9 to 12 of pregnancy. Specific binding was higher (p < 0.05) on day 14 of pregnancy than the comparable stage of the estrous cycle. The affinities of PGE receptors decreased (p < 0.05) only on the luteal cells dissociated from red, vascular CL of day 14 nonpregnant gilts compared with those of other days of the estrous cycle and pregnancy. The number of PGE receptors on porcine luteal cells was similar (p > 0.05) in pregnant and nonpregnant gilts, but decreased (p < 0.05) on days 12–14 postestrus. During early pregnancy, it was evident that high affinity PGE receptors are sustained on porcine luteal cells; however, the role of the PGE receptors in maternal recognition of pregnancy remains speculative.
DA - 1999/1//
PY - 1999/1//
DO - 10.1016/S0090-6980(98)00067-7
VL - 57
IS - 1
SP - 13-22
SN - 0090-6980
KW - pig
KW - corpus luteum
KW - prostaglandin E
KW - receptors
KW - luteal cells
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Hydranencephaly and cerebellar hypoplasia in two kittens attributed to intrauterine parvovirus infection
AU - Sharp, NJH
AU - Davis, BJ
AU - Guy, JS
AU - Cullen, JM
AU - Steingold, SF
AU - Kornegay, JN
T2 - JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY
AB - Six weeks after vaccination with modified live feline parvovirus vaccine, a cat gave birth to five kittens, three of which died soon afterwards. The remaining two kittens (A and B) survived, but at 8 weeks of age were unable to walk and showed abnormal behaviour, with lack of menace and oculovestibular responses, and severe dysmetria. These signs suggested multifocal disease associated with the cerebrum and cerebellum. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated severe bilateral (kitten A) or unilateral (kitten B) hydrocephalus or hydranencephaly, combined with cerebellar agenesis (kitten A) or severe hypoplasia (kitten B). Hydranencephaly was confirmed histopathologically in both kittens. Parvovirus was isolated from the kidney of one kitten. Parvoviral DNA was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from paraffin wax-embedded brain of both kittens. The severe malformations observed in these kittens presumably resulted from an in-utero parvovirus infection, possibly due to vaccination, that occurred late in the first, or early in the second, trimester of pregnancy.
DA - 1999/7//
PY - 1999/7//
DO - 10.1053/jcpa.1998.0298
VL - 121
IS - 1
SP - 39-53
SN - 0021-9975
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Financing the delivery of animal health services in developing countries: A case study of Ghana: Erratum
AU - Turkson, P. K.
AU - Brownie, C. F.
T2 - Tropical Animal Health and Production
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
DO - 10.1023/a:1017286824928
VL - 31
IS - 2
SP - 74
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Estimates of pregnancy outcomes based on selection of bovine embryos produced in vivo or in vitro
AU - Farin, PW
AU - Slenning, BD
AU - Britt, JH
T2 - THERIOGENOLOGY
AB - The objective of this study was to estimate the degree of variation among experienced evaluators selecting in vivo- or in vitro-produced embryos for transfer and to determine how this affects both the proportion of recipients becoming pregnant after transfer, and the number of embryo transfers required per pregnancy. Data from 6 experienced evaluators who graded Day 7 embryos produced either in vivo (n = 15) or in vitro (n = 15) were used to estimate these effects. The evaluators viewed video recorded images of the embryos and classified each embryo for stage of development and quality grade (1 = excellent, 2 = good, 3 = fair, 4 = degenerated and nontransferable). The statistical model considered transfer of embryos of the following individual or combined grades: Grade 1 only, Grade 2 only, Grade 3 only, Grades 1 and 2, Grades 2 and 3, and Grades 1, 2 and 3. Probabilities of pregnancy after embryo transfer were based on pregnancy rates of recipients at the facility of 1 of the 6 evaluators where the percentages of heifers pregnant after the transfer of Grade 1, 2 and 3 embryos, by embryo source, were 76, 65 and 54% (in vivo), and 59, 45 and 30% (in vitro). Within most grades, the proportion of embryos selected for transfer differed (P < 0.05) among the 6 evaluators. Although no significant differences (P > 0.10) were found among evaluators in the proportion of recipients pregnant after transfer within any embryo grade, there was substantial variation among evaluators in the proportion of recipients becoming pregnant, especially for embryos produced in vitro. Estimated percentages of heifers becoming pregnant for embryos classified as Grade 1, 2 or 3 were 66 to 76, 62 to 69, and 54 to 60%, respectively, for in vivo-produced embryos; and, 39 to 59, 15 to 45, and 24 to 32%, respectively, for in vitro-produced embryos. Approximately twice as many transfers were needed per pregnancy for embryos produced in vitro as for those produced in vivo regardless of the grade.
DA - 1999/9//
PY - 1999/9//
DO - 10.1016/S0093-691X(99)00160-0
VL - 52
IS - 4
SP - 659-670
SN - 0093-691X
KW - cattle
KW - embryo quality
KW - evaluators
KW - pregnancy rates
KW - model
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Dermal Absorption and Distribution of Topically Dosed Jet Fuels Jet-A, JP-8, and JP-8(100)
AU - Riviere, Jim E.
AU - Brooks, James D.
AU - Monteiro-Riviere, Nancy A.
AU - Budsaba, Kamon
AU - Smith, Charles E.
T2 - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
AB - Dermal exposure to jet fuels has received increased attention with the recent release of newer fuels with novel performance additives. The purpose of these studies was to assess the percutaneous absorption and cutaneous disposition of topically applied (25 μl/5 cm2) neat Jet-A, JP-8, and JP-8(100) jet fuels by monitoring the absorptive flux of the marker components 14C naphthalene and 3H dodecane simultaneously applied nonoccluded to isolated perfused porcine skin flaps (IPPSF) (n = 4). Absorption of 14C hexadecane was estimated from JP-8 fuel. Absorption and disposition of naphthalene and dodecane were also monitored using a nonvolatile JP-8 fraction reflecting exposure to residual fuel that might occur 24 h after a jet fuel spill. In all studies, perfusate, stratum corneum, and skin concentrations were measured over 5 h. Naphthalene absorption had a clear peak absorptive flux at less than 1 h, while dodecane and hexadecane had prolonged, albeit significantly lower, absorption flux profiles. Within JP-8, the rank order of absorption for all marker components was (mean ± SEM % dose) naphthalene (1.17 ± 0.07) > dodecane (0.63 ± 0.04) > hexadecane (0.18 ± 0.08). In contrast, deposition within dosed skin showed the reverse pattern. Naphthalene absorption into perfusate was similar across all fuel types, however total penetration into and through skin was highest with JP-8(100). Dodecane absorption and total penetration was greatest from JP-8. Absorption of both markers from aged JP-8 was lower than other fuels, yet the ratio of skin deposition to absorption was greatest for this treatment group. In most exposure scenarios, absorption into perfusate did not directly correlate to residual skin concentrations. These studies demonstrated different absorption profiles for the three marker compounds, differential effects of jet fuel types on naphthalene and dodecane absorption, and uncoupling of perfusate absorption from skin disposition.
DA - 1999/10//
PY - 1999/10//
DO - 10.1006/taap.1999.8744
VL - 160
IS - 1
SP - 60-75
J2 - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
LA - en
OP -
SN - 0041-008X
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/taap.1999.8744
DB - Crossref
KW - jet fuel
KW - naphthalene
KW - dodecane
KW - hexadecane
KW - percutaneous/dermal absorption
KW - skin
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Coinfection with multiple tick-borne pathogens in a Walker Hound kennel in North Carolina
AU - Kordick, S. K.
AU - Breitschwerdt, E. B.
AU - Hegarty, B. C.
AU - Southwick, K. L.
AU - Colitz, C. M.
AU - Hancock, S. I.
AU - Bradley, J. M.
AU - Rumbough, R.
AU - McPherson, J. T.
AU - MacCormack, J. N.
T2 - Journal of Clinical Microbiology
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
VL - 37
IS - 8
SP - 2631-2638
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Bartonella vinsonii subsp berkhoffi and related members of the alpha subdivision of the Proteobacteria in dogs with cardiac arrhythmias, endocarditis, or myocarditis
AU - Breitschwerdt, E. B.
AU - Atkins, C. E.
AU - Brown, T. T.
AU - Kordick, D. L.
AU - Snyder, P. S.
T2 - Journal of Clinical Microbiology
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
VL - 37
IS - 11
SP - 3618-3626
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - A recombinase-based selection of differentially expressed bacterial genes
AU - Altier, C
AU - Suyemoto, M
T2 - GENE
AB - Bacterial genes are often differentially expressed in response to specific environmental conditions. We have devised a method to identify regulated bacterial promoters, such that transient promoter expression leads to a permanent and selectable change in bacterial phenotype. This system consists of a promoterless derivative of cre, the phage P1 recombinase, carried on a plasmid, and two chromosomal loxP sites, the targets of the Cre recombinase. The loxP sites flank npt, conferring kanamycin resistance, and sacB, which confers sensitivity to sucrose, allowing positive selection for both the presence and absence of this chromosomal cassette. Fusion of active promoters to cre induces recombination of the loxP sites and deletion of intervening DNA, allowing selection on media containing sucrose, while inactive promoters fail to induce recombination and so remain resistant to kanamycin. We tested the system in Salmonella typhimurium using a known regulated promoter, that from the araBAD operon, and found it to be a sensitive indicator of gene expression over a wide range of promoter induction. We then used this system to identify S. typhimurium genes that are specifically expressed when bacteria interact with cultured epithelial cells and identified a novel DNA fragment, not found in E. coli, which might represent part of a new pathogenicity island.
DA - 1999/11/15/
PY - 1999/11/15/
DO - 10.1016/S0378-1119(99)00427-8
VL - 240
IS - 1
SP - 99-106
SN - 1879-0038
KW - Cre
KW - invasion
KW - loxP
KW - sacB
KW - Salmonella
ER -
TY - PCOMM
TI - What's in an name? Comments on proposed standardized nomenclature
AU - Davies, P.
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
SP - 197-198
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Technical note: Use of slow-release estradiol and prostaglandin F-2 alpha to induce pseudopregnancy and control estrus in gilts
AU - Cushman, R. A.
AU - Davis, P. E.
AU - Boonyaprakob, U.
AU - Hedgpeth, V. S.
AU - Burns, P. J.
AU - Britt, J. H.
T2 - Journal of Animal Science
AB - We determined whether a single injection of slow-release estradiol-17β (SRE2) would induce pseudopregnancy in gilts and whether PGF2α would regress the corpora lutea (CL) of pseudopregnancy. Crossbred gilts (n = 40) were induced to ovulate by treatment with 400 IU of hCG + 200 IU of eCG (PG600, Intervet, Millsboro, DE) given at 180 d of age (d = 0). On d 14, gilts were injected i.m. with one of five doses (n = 8 gilts/dose) of SRE2 (0, 12.5, 25, 50, or 100 mg). Blood samples were collected before SRE2 and twice weekly until d 73 to monitor serum progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2). On d 59, gilts received (i.m.) 10 mg of PGF2α (Lutalyse, Pharmacia Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI) and were checked for estrus for 7 d. On d 62, mammary development was scored (0 = no development; 1 = some development; 2 = teat and gland development) by a neutral observer. Treatment with SRE2 increased (P < .05) peak E2 concentrations, duration of luteal function, and mammary gland score. There were no differences (chi-square, P > .05) among doses of SRE2 in the percentage of pseudopregnant gilts that showed luteolysis after PGF2α. We conclude that a single injection of SRE2 can induce pseudopregnancy and that the CL can be regressed with PGF2α, providing a simple method for controlling estrus in gilts.
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
DO - 10.2527/1999.77112883x
VL - 77
IS - 11
SP - 2883-2885
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Species, interindividual, and tissue specificity in endocrine signaling
AU - Walker, C.
AU - Ahmed, S. A.
AU - Brown, T.
AU - Ho, S. M.
AU - Hodges, L.
AU - Lucier, G.
AU - Russo, J.
AU - Weigel, N.
AU - Weise, T.
AU - Vandenbergh, J.
T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives
AB - The activity of endocrine-active agents exhibits specificity at many levels. Differential responsiveness to these agents has been observed between different species and extends to interindividual differences within a species and between different tissues as well. In cases where they have been identified, the biologic and molecular mechanisms underlying this specificity are quite diverse. Determinants of species specificity include differences that exist in receptor binding, gene transcription, and cellular responses to endocrine-active compounds between species. Interindividual differences in responsiveness may be determined at the level of genetic polymorphisms in hormone-metabolizing enzymes, hormone receptors, and in those genes that are transactivated by these receptors, as well as during changing windows of susceptibility that occur as a function of age, such as prenatal and postmenopausal exposures. Extrinsic factors such as diet can also impact individual susceptibility to endocrine-active agents. Tissue-specific determinants of susceptibility are well documented, but little is known regarding the mechanisms underlying these different responses. Differences in the expression of accessory proteins for steroid hormone receptors and different patterns of receptor expression, estrogen receptor alpha and estrogen receptor beta; for example, may contribute to tissue specificity, as may differences in the pattern of expression of other genes such as hormone-metabolizing enzymes. The use of animal model systems and development of appropriate mathematical models has the potential to yield additional valuable information for elucidating the role of these determinants of specificity at low-dose exposures and for improved risk assessments for the adverse health effects of endocrine-active compounds.
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
DO - 10.1289/ehp.99107s4619
VL - 107
IS - 1999 Aug.
SP - 619-624
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Sicklepod toxicity: Erratum
AU - Kirby, C. J.
AU - Rogers, G. M.
T2 - Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
VL - 21
IS - 3, suppl.
SP - S97
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Sequence analysis of the turkey coronavirus nucleocapsid protein gene and 3 ' untranslated region identifies the virus as a close relative of infectious bronchitis virus
AU - Breslin, JJ
AU - Smith, LG
AU - Fuller, FJ
AU - Guy, JS
T2 - VIRUS RESEARCH
AB - The 3' end of the turkey coronavirus (TCV) genome (1740 bases) including the nucleocapsid (N) gene and 3' untranslated region (UTR) were sequenced and compared with published sequences of other avian and mammalian coronaviruses. The deduced sequence of the TCV N protein was determined to be 409 amino acids with a molecular mass of approximately 45 kDa. The TCV N protein was identical in size and had greater than 90% amino acid identity with published N protein sequences of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV); less than 21% identity was observed with N proteins of bovine coronavirus and transmissible gastroenteritis virus. The 3' UTR showed some variation among the three TCV strains examined, with two TCV strains, Minnesota and Indiana, containing 153 base segments which are not present in the NC95 strain. Nucleotide sequence identity between the 3' UTRs of TCV and IBV was greater than 78%. Similarities in both size and sequence of TCV and IBV N proteins and 3' UTRs provide additional evidence that these avian coronaviruses are closely related.
DA - 1999/12/15/
PY - 1999/12/15/
DO - 10.1016/S0168-1702(99)00117-3
VL - 65
IS - 2
SP - 187-193
SN - 0168-1702
KW - turkey coronavirus
KW - infectious bronchitis virus
KW - nucleocapsid gene
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Progressive expansion of an L-selectin-negative CD8 cell with anti-feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) suppressor function in the circulation of FIV-infected cats
AU - Gebhard, DH
AU - Dow, JL
AU - Childers, TA
AU - Alvelo, JI
AU - Tompkins, MB
AU - Tompkins, WAF
T2 - JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
AB - The acute stage of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection is characterized by the appearance of a major CD8 subpopulation with reduced expression of the CD8 beta chain (CD8alpha+betalo). CD8 antiviral activity was subsequently shown to be mediated by the CD8alpha+betalo phenotype, which is the dominant CD8 phenotype in long-term infected cats. Two- and three-color flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that the CD8alpha+betalo subset is L-selectin negative (CD62L-) and has increased expression of CD44, CD49d, and CD18, consistent with an activation phenotype. The CD8alpha+betaloCD62L- cells but not the CD8alpha+betahiCD62L+ cells demonstrated strong antiviral activity in the FIV acute-infection assay. The progressive expansion of the CD8alpha+betaloCD62L- effector subset cells in FIV-infected cats parallels that seen in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, suggesting that failure in homeostatic mechanisms regulating lymphocyte activation or trafficking (or both) may be a consequence of both HIV and FIV infections.
DA - 1999/11//
PY - 1999/11//
DO - 10.1086/315089
VL - 180
IS - 5
SP - 1503-1513
SN - 0022-1899
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Interleukin 2, but not other common gamma chain-binding cytokines, can reverse the defect in generation of CD4 effector T cells from naive T cells of aged mice
AU - Haynes, L
AU - Linton, PJ
AU - Eaton, SM
AU - Tonkonogy, SL
AU - Swain, SL
T2 - JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
AB - Development of effectors from naive CD4 cells occurs in two stages. The early stage involves activation and limited proliferation in response to T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation by antigen and costimulatory antigen presenting cells, whereas the later stage involves proliferation and differentiation in response to growth factors. Using a TCR-transgenic (Tg(+)) model, we have examined the effect of aging on effector generation and studied the ability of gamma(c) signaling cytokines to reverse this effect. Our results indicate that responding naive CD4 cells from aged mice, compared with cells from young mice, make less interleukin (IL)-2, expand poorly between days 3 to 5, and give rise to fewer effectors with a less activated phenotype and reduced ability to produce cytokines. When exogenous IL-2 or other gamma(c) signaling cytokines are added during effector generation, the Tg(+) cells from both young and aged mice proliferate vigorously. However, IL-4, IL-7, and IL-15 all fail to restore efficient effector production. Only effectors from aged mice generated in the presence of IL-2 are able to produce IL-2 in amounts equivalent to those produced by effectors generated from young mice, suggesting that the effect of aging on IL-2 production is reversible only in the presence of exogenous IL-2.
DA - 1999/10/4/
PY - 1999/10/4/
DO - 10.1084/jem.190.7.1013
VL - 190
IS - 7
SP - 1013-1023
SN - 0022-1007
KW - T cell receptor transgenic
KW - CD4 cells
KW - aging
KW - IL-2
KW - gamma c-binding cytokines
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Fecal shedding of Salmonella by a cohort of finishing pigs in North Carolina
AU - Davies, P.
AU - Funk, J.
AU - Morrow, W. E. M.
T2 - Swine Health and Production
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
VL - 7
IS - 5
SP - 231-234
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Dysregulation of apoptosis by c-myc in transgenic hepatocytes and effects of growth factors and nongenotoxic carcinogens
AU - Christensen, J. G.
AU - Goldsworthy, T. L.
AU - Cattley, R. C.
T2 - Molecular Carcinogenesis
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
VL - 25
IS - 4
SP - 273-284
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Comparative clinicopathological responses of striped bass and palmetto bass to acute stress
AU - Noga, EJ
AU - Wang, CJ
AU - Grindem, CB
AU - Avtalion, R
T2 - TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
AB - Selected clinicopathological features were compared between resting striped bass Morone saxatilis and palmetto bass (striped bass female × white bass M. chrysops male) and fish subjected to an acute (2-h-long) confinement stress. The taxa differed significantly in resting plasma lysozyme activities and leukocyte responses to mitogen stimulation. Confined fish of both taxa showed similar elevations in plasma osmolality, potassium, anion gap, creatinine, and glucose, suggesting a shock response. However, striped bass displayed slightly more severe perturbations, including elevated albumin and total protein, that indicated hemoconcentration. At least some of the intertaxon differences may have been associated with the greater ability of palmetto bass to adapt to culture conditions.
DA - 1999/7//
PY - 1999/7//
DO - 10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128<0680:CCROSB>2.0.CO;2
VL - 128
IS - 4
SP - 680-686
SN - 0002-8487
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Altered bcl-2 family expression during non-genotoxic hepatocarcinogenesis in mice
AU - Christensen, JG
AU - Romach, EH
AU - Healy, LN
AU - Gonzales, AJ
AU - Anderson, SP
AU - Malarkey, DE
AU - Corton, JC
AU - Fox, TR
AU - Cattley, RC
AU - Goldsworthy, TL
T2 - CARCINOGENESIS
AB - Dysregulation of apoptosis is an important component of multistage hepatocarcinogenesis. Members of the bcl-2 protein family are important in the regulation of apoptosis and their expression is altered in several cancers. The objectives of the present study were to determine whether the expression of members of the bcl-2 protein family are altered in mouse liver during acute treatment with non-genotoxic carcinogens and throughout non-genotoxic hepatocarcinogenesis. Acute treatment of B6C3F1 mice with phenobarbital resulted in increased levels of bcl-2 and decreased levels of bax protein, while acute treatment with WY-14,643 resulted in increased bcl-2 and BAG-1 protein in the liver. Following chronic treatment, altered hepatic foci and adenomas were classified as: small-cell, heterogeneous basophilic lesions (spontaneous or tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced); large-cell, homogeneous basophilic lesions (WY-14,643-induced); acidophilic lesions (phenobarbital- or chlordane-induced). Of the small-cell heterogeneous basophilic lesions, 86% of foci (31/36) and 85% of adenomas (35/41) exhibited increased bcl-2 protein levels compared with surrounding normal hepatocytes, whereas only 12.5% of foci (4/36) and 12% of adenomas (5/41) exhibited increased bcl-X(L) levels. Of the large-cell, homogenous, basophilic lesions, 100% of foci (3/3) and 90% of adenomas (9/10) expressed bcl-2 protein, whereas 100% of foci (3/3) and 80% of adenomas (8/10) exhibited increased bcl-X(L) protein levels compared with surrounding normal hepatocytes. Of the acidophilic lesions, the majority of foci (28/32, 88%) and adenomas (47/50, 94%) expressed increased bcl-X(L), whereas increased bcl-2 was observed in only 12.5% of acidophilic preneoplastic foci (4/32) and 14% of acidophilic adenomas (7/50). Of the carcinomas analyzed, 81% expressed increased bcl-2 (54/67), 78% expressed increased bcl-X(L) (52/67) and 69% expressed increased levels of both bcl-2 and bcl-X(L) (46/67). Collectively, only 8% of preneoplastic foci, 3% of adenomas and 1.5% of carcinomas did not express either bcl-2 or bcl-X(L). These results suggest that regulation of apoptotic proteins is altered during non-genotoxic carcinogenesis in mouse liver. Furthermore, there were both chemical- and lesion-specific aspects of expression of apoptotic proteins during hepatocarcinogenesis in mice.
DA - 1999/8//
PY - 1999/8//
DO - 10.1093/carcin/20.8.1583
VL - 20
IS - 8
SP - 1583-1590
SN - 1460-2180
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - A description of cutaneous-subcutaneous pythiosis in fifteen dogs
AU - Dykstra, MJ
AU - Sharp, NJH
AU - Olivry, T
AU - Hillier, A
AU - Murphy, KM
AU - Kaufman, L
AU - Kunkle, GA
AU - Pucheu-Haston, C
T2 - MEDICAL MYCOLOGY
AB - Information regarding signalment, duration of clinical signs, history of swimming, results of CBC and serum biochemical analyses, biopsy findings and mycological results, together with treatments and outcome, was retrieved from the medical records of 15 dogs with a diagnosis of pythiosis made between 1985 and 1995 at the Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University and the University of Florida. Most of the dogs were young (median age 22 months) and represented larger breeds (> 20 kg). Lesions were characteristically chronic, ulcerated, and nodular with multiple draining tracts on the limbs, thoracic wall or perineal regions. The median duration of these lesions was 3 months with a range of 2 weeks-6 months. Seven dogs had a history of swimming. Peripheral eosinophilia was observed in 14 of the dogs. Cytological evaluation of discharge, aspirates, or impression smears made from biopsy specimens revealed hyphae in five of 11 dogs (45%). Histopathological evaluation using the Gomori Methenamine-Silver (GMS) stain was the most useful test for providing presumptive evidence of cutaneous pythiosis. Immunotherapy or antifungal therapy using either amphotericin B, liposomal nystatin, itraconazole, or ketoconazole were all unsuccessful. The only dog to survive underwent amputation of the affected limb; thus, the prognosis for cutaneous pythiosis in the dog is poor.
DA - 1999/12//
PY - 1999/12//
DO - 10.1046/j.1365-280X.1999.00248.x
VL - 37
IS - 6
SP - 427-433
SN - 1369-3786
KW - canine
KW - diagnosis
KW - pythiosis
KW - therapy
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - The Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (Farad): Past, Present and Future
AU - Payne, Michael A.
AU - Craigmill, Arthur L.
AU - Riviere, Jim E.
AU - Baynes, Ronald E.
AU - Webb, Alistair I.
AU - Sundlof, Stephen F.
T2 - Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice
AB - The Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (FARAD) was created in 1982 as a cooperative state and federal educational outreach program. FARAD's mission has remained unchanged in the last fifteen years: to assist producers, veterinarians, and allied professionals in the production of animal foods free of illegal chemical contaminants. At its core, FARAD is a collection of databases that users can efficiently access with the assistance of program experts. In order to meet emerging challenges related to technical and trade issues in food safety, current FARAD projects include inter-species data extrapolation, novel kinetic modeling, and international information exchange.
DA - 1999/3//
PY - 1999/3//
DO - 10.1016/S0749-0720(15)30208-5
VL - 15
IS - 1
SP - 75-88
J2 - Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice
LA - en
OP -
SN - 0749-0720
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-0720(15)30208-5
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Risk factors for abomasal displacement in dairy cows
AU - Rohrbach, B. W.
AU - Cannedy, A. L.
AU - Freeman, K.
AU - Slenning, B. D.
T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
VL - 214
IS - 11
SP - 1660-1663
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Molecular characterization of QPX (Quahog Parasite Unknown), a pathogen of Mercenaria mercenaria
AU - Maas, P. A. Y.
AU - Kleinschuster, S. J.
AU - Dykstra, M. J.
AU - Smolowitz, R.
AU - Parent, J.
T2 - Journal of Shellfish Research
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
VL - 18
IS - 2
SP - 561-567
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Microglial proliferation in cortical neural cultures exposed to feline immunodeficiency virus
AU - Meeker, RB
AU - Azuma, Y
AU - Bragg, DC
AU - English, RV
AU - Tompkins, M
T2 - JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY
AB - Microglia are thought to play an important role in neurodegenerative changes due to infection with human or animal immunodeficiency viruses. Using feline immunodeficiency virus and cat neural cultures, we observed a dramatic increase in the accumulation of microglia from a basal rate of 5-7% day(-1) to 25-126% day(-1). Both live virus and heat-inactivated virus induced proliferation. Negligible proliferation was seen in purified microglial cultures. Conditioned medium from astrocytes or mixed neural cultures treated with feline immunodeficiency virus stimulated the proliferation of purified microglia. Disease progression may be facilitated by early non-infectious interactions of lentiviruses with neural tissue that promote the activation and proliferation of microglia.
DA - 1999/11/1/
PY - 1999/11/1/
DO - 10.1016/S0165-5728(99)00126-5
VL - 101
IS - 1
SP - 15-26
SN - 0165-5728
KW - feline immunodeficiency virus
KW - microglia
KW - astrocytes
KW - AIDS
KW - dementia
KW - HIV
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Effects of immune challenge on concentrations of serum insulin- like growth factor-I and growth performance in pigs
AU - Hevener, W.
AU - Routh, P. A.
AU - Almond, G. W.
T2 - Canadian Veterinary Journal
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
VL - 40
IS - 11
SP - 782-786
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Developmental arrest and pregnancy-induced transmammary transmission of Ancylostoma caninum larvae in the murine model
AU - Arasu, P
AU - Kwak, D
T2 - JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY
AB - Pregnancy is associated with reactivation of latent infections of many protozoal and helminthic parasites. To facilitate in vivo studies on the process of transmammary transmission of hookworm infection to nursing newborns, we established an experimental model of infection of BALB/c mice with infective larvae of the canine nematode Ancylostoma caninum. To establish latency with a significant reservoir of tissue larvae and achieve acceptable pregnancy success rates, mice were subcutaneously infected at day 5 postimpregnation; similar larval distribution profiles were observed at the end of the gestational period for bred compared to correspondingly infected unbred animals. No larvae were detected in fetuses or neonatal pups. Significant numbers of larvae were not detected in mammary tissue during the periparturient or postpartum lactational periods although about 8% of a dam's reservoir of tissue larvae was transferred to her nursing pups; this suggests that larvae reaching the mammary glands are rapidly transmitted through the milk sinuses, as was documented by histopathological analyses. Comparison of BALB/c with C57BL/6 mice that typically display divergent immune responses to infection showed no difference in tissue larval burden or in numbers transferred to pups. A hypothesis for the molecular mechanism of larval reactivation and transmission is discussed.
DA - 1999/10//
PY - 1999/10//
DO - 10.2307/3285811
VL - 85
IS - 5
SP - 779-784
SN - 1937-2345
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Comparison of perioperative versus postoperative intratumoral administration of cisplatin for treatment of cutaneous sarcoids and squamous cell carcinomas in horses
AU - Theon, A. P.
AU - Pascoe, J. R.
AU - Galuppo, L. D.
AU - Fisher, P. E.
AU - Griffey, S. M.
AU - Madigan, J. E.
T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
VL - 215
IS - 11
SP - 1655-1660
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Birth of a Holstein freemartin calf co-twinned to a schistosomus reflexus fetus
AU - Cavalieri, J
AU - Farin, PW
T2 - THERIOGENOLOGY
AB - An unusual case of a live Holstein freemartin calf co-twinned with schistosomus reflexus fetus is presented here. Delivery of the schistosomus reflexus was achieved by fetotomy 24 h after manual delivery of a live heifer calf. The dam subsequently experienced concurrent metritis and left displacement of the abomasum; however, she conceived following insemination 85 d post partum. Cytogenetic examination of the live heifer using lymphocyte culture and cutaneous fibroblast cell culture failed to demonstrate chromosomal chimerism, whereas polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detected the presence of the bovine Y-chromosome marker BRY-1. Low concentrations of testosterone, estradiol and progesterone at 3, 6, 24 and 48 h after administration of hCG were detected in the serum of the freemartin heifer. Genetic, hormonal, histological and clinical findings established the live female co-twin calf was a freemartin, an abnormality of phenotypic sex. Failure to detect any significant peripheral concentrations of androgen supports the hypothesis that masculinization of the freemartin reproductive tract arises from diffusion of androgen and possibly other substances from the male co-twin rather than from endogenous production of androgen within the freemartin. This report documents that the freemartin condition can be induced by a male fetus with severe developmental abnormalities.
DA - 1999/10/1/
PY - 1999/10/1/
DO - 10.1016/S0093-691X(99)00174-0
VL - 52
IS - 5
SP - 815-826
SN - 0093-691X
KW - freemartinism
KW - schistosomus reflexus
KW - cytogenetic testing
KW - hCG
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Trichinellosis in the United States, 1991-1996: Declining but not gone
AU - Moorhead, A
AU - Grunenwald, PE
AU - Dietz, VJ
AU - Schantz, PM
T2 - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
AB - Since the U.S. Public Health Service began recording statistics on trichinellosis in 1947, the number of cases reported by state health departments has decreased steadily. In the late 1940s, health departments reported an average of 400 cases and 10-15 deaths each year. From 1991 to 1996, the period covered in this report, three deaths in 230 cases were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (an average of 38 cases per year), including 14 multiple case outbreaks from 31 states and Washington, DC. Information on the suspected food item was available for 134 (58%) of the 230 reported cases. Pork was implicated in 80 (60%) cases, bear meat in 31 (23%), walrus meat in 13 (10%), and cougar meat in 10 (7%). Sausage was the most frequently implicated pork product (i.e., 57 of the 64 cases for which the form of the pork product was identified). The proportion of trichinellosis cases attributable to consumption of commercial pork continued to decrease; this decrease was probably due to a combination of factors, including the continued reduction in the prevalence of Trichinella spiralis in domestic swine, the increased use of home freezers, and the practice of thoroughly cooking pork. As a proportion of all cases reported, those associated with wild game meat products has increased; however, the absolute numbers of such cases have remained similar at approximately 9-12 per year. The continued multiple case outbreaks and the identification of nonpork sources of infection indicate the need for further education and control measures.
DA - 1999/1//
PY - 1999/1//
DO - 10.4269/ajtmh.1999.60.66
VL - 60
IS - 1
SP - 66-69
SN - 0002-9637
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Protection of calves against cryptosporidiosis with immune bovine colostrum induced by a Cryptosporidium parvum recombinant protein
AU - Perryman, LE
AU - Kapil, SJ
AU - Jones, ML
AU - Hunt, EL
T2 - VACCINE
AB - The purpose of the study was to determine if immunization with a recombinant protein (rC7) of Cryptosporidium parvum would induce immune bovine colostrum that protected calves against cryptosporidiosis following oral challenge with C. parvum oocysts. Late gestation Holstein cows with low titers of antibody to the p23 antigen of C. parvum were immunized three times with 300 μg affinity purified rC7 C. parvum recombinant protein (immune cows), or left nonimmunized (control cows). Colostrum was obtained from each cow in both groups and partitioned into identical aliquots of pooled immune colostrum or pooled control colostrum. Twelve calves obtained at birth received either immune or control colostrum within the first 2 h, and again at 12 and 24 h of age. Each calf was challenged orally with 107 C. parvum oocysts at 12 h of age and monitored for signs of cryptosporidiosis. All six calves administered pooled control colostrum developed severe diarrhea (mean total fecal volume=8447±5600 ml) and shed an average of 1.87±1.66×1012 C. parvum oocysts. None of the six calves administered pooled immune colostrum developed diarrhea (mean total fecal volume=740±750 ml, p<0.05), and shed significantly fewer oocysts (3.05±2.26×109, p<0.05). The absence of diarrhea and 2.79 log10 (99.8%) reduction in oocyst excretion indicates that immune bovine colostrum induced by immunization with C. parvum recombinant protein rC7 provided substantial protection against cryptosporidiosis in neonatal calves.
DA - 1999/4/23/
PY - 1999/4/23/
DO - 10.1016/S0264-410X(98)00477-0
VL - 17
IS - 17
SP - 2142-2149
SN - 0264-410X
KW - cryptosporidiosis
KW - Cryptosporidium parvum
KW - recombinant protein
KW - colostrum
KW - protection
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Myeloperoxidase activity of the large intestine in an equine model of acute colitis
AU - McConnico, R. S.
AU - Weinstock, D.
AU - Poston, M. E.
AU - Roberts, M. C.
T2 - American Journal of Veterinary Research
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
VL - 60
IS - 7
SP - 807-813
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Babesia gibsoni infections in dogs from North Carolina
AU - Birkenheuer, AJ
AU - Levy, MG
AU - Savary, KCM
AU - Gager, RB
AU - Breitschwerdt, EB
T2 - JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ANIMAL HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION
AB - The recognition of canine babesiosis in North Carolina caused by Babesia gibsoni documents the expansion of the previously reported endemic area of this disease. Clinical signs ranged from severe hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia to subclinical infections. No infected dogs had traveled to endemic areas. Antibabesial treatment failed to eradicate the organism from infected dogs.
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
DO - 10.5326/15473317-35-2-125
VL - 35
IS - 2
SP - 125-128
SN - 0587-2871
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - A preliminary survey of antibiotic residues and viable bacteria in milk from three Caribbean basin countries
AU - Baynes, RE
AU - Lyman, R
AU - Anderson, KL
AU - Brownie, CF
T2 - JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION
AB - There is widespread concern about the presence of antimicrobial drugs in milk. The presence of drug residues in milk may have public health implications. Milk samples (n = 25 to 65/country) were collected from bulk tanks and commercial vendors in Barbados, Costa Rica, and Jamaica between February 1996 and August 1997. Bulk tank samples were collected from high milk-producing regions of Jamaica and Costa Rica and from 26 dairy farms in Barbados. Milk pH, bacterial growth (total CFU/ml and the presence of Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus), and the presence of antimicrobials were determined. Milk samples were tested by a microbial inhibition test (Delvotest-P, Gist-Brocades Food Ingredients, Inc.) to screen for antimicrobial drugs. All positives were retested for the presence of beta-lactam antibiotics after incubating with penicillinase and some positives were identified by high-pressure liquid chromatography-UV. Mean pH values ranged from 6.5 to 6.7. S. aureus was identified in bulk tank samples from Costa Rica (52%), Barbados (44%), and Jamaica (46%). S. agalactiae was identified in bulk tank samples from Costa Rica (28%), Barbados (8 and 16%), and Jamaica (18%). Antimicrobial residues were detected in some bulk tank samples from Barbados (8%) and Jamaica (10%) but not in samples from Costa Rica. All positives in milk from Jamaica and Barbados were determined to be beta-lactams. No residues were detected in pasteurized milk samples from Barbados or ultrahigh-temperature milk from Jamaica. The presence of beta-lactam residues in some of these samples suggests the appropriateness of testing milk prior to processing for consumption.
DA - 1999/2//
PY - 1999/2//
DO - 10.4315/0362-028X-62.2.177
VL - 62
IS - 2
SP - 177-180
SN - 1944-9097
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of three Salmonella rapid detection kits using fresh and frozen poultry environmental samples versus those of standard plating
AU - Peplow, M. O.
AU - Correa-Prisant, M.
AU - Stebbins, M. E.
AU - Jones, F.
AU - Davies, P.
T2 - Applied and Environmental Microbiology
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
VL - 65
IS - 3
SP - 1055-1060
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Platelet-associated immunoglobulin (antiplatelet antibody) in canine Rocky Mountain spotted fever and ehrlichiosis
AU - Grindem, CB
AU - Breitschwerdt, EB
AU - Perkins, PC
AU - Cullins, LD
AU - Thomas, TJ
AU - Hegarty, BC
T2 - JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ANIMAL HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION
AB - Antiplatelet antibodies were detected in the sera of dogs with naturally occurring and experimentally induced Rickettsia rickettsii and Ehrlichia canis infections. This is the first known report documenting elevated platelet-associated immunoglobulin (PAIg) titers in Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) infections. In the naturally occurring RMSF infections and ehrlichiosis, the antibodies persisted for weeks or months, even when the platelet counts had normalized. Results of this study indicate an immunological component for rickettsial thrombocytopenia. Therefore, current therapeutic recommendations, especially regarding avoiding the use of immunosuppressive drugs in patients with rickettsial diseases, need to be critically reviewed.
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
DO - 10.5326/15473317-35-1-56
VL - 35
IS - 1
SP - 56-61
SN - 0587-2871
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Glutamine and transforming growth factor-alpha stimulate extracellular regulated kinases and enhance recovery of villous surface area in porcine ischemic-injured intestine
AU - Blikslager, A. T.
AU - Rhoads, J. M.
AU - Bristol, D. G.
AU - Roberts, M. C.
AU - Argenzio, R. A.
T2 - Surgery
AB - Background: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) signals enterocyte proliferation via extracellular regulated kinases (ERKs). Because glutamine is required for EGF-stimulated proliferation and stimulates ERKs in intestinal cell culture, we hypothesized that glutamine and the EGF-related peptide transforming growth factor–alpha (TGF-α) would synergistically enhance repair associated with stimulation of ERKs. Methods: Thiry-Vella loops were created in juvenile pigs. One half of the loop was subjected to 2 hours of ischemia, and the other half served as control. Loops were infused daily with Ringer's solution containing 140 mmol/L glucose, 140 mmol/L glutamine, 140 mmol/L glucose plus 60 μg/L TGF-α, or 140 mmol/L glutamine plus 60 μg/L TGF-α. Results: After 2 hours of ischemia, complete villous epithelial sloughing was present. By 18 hours, villous epithelium had fully restituted, but villi remained stunted until 144 hours after injury. Glutamine + TGF-α triggered sustained increases in ERK activity compared with glucose-treated tissues (maximal at 18 hours), whereas glutamine alone or glucose + TGF-α caused only transient elevations in ERK activity. By 72 hours, villous surface area had increased to normal values with glutamine plus TGF-α treatment, whereas villi remained stunted with glucose alone, glutamine alone, or glucose plus TGF-α. Conclusions: Glutamine plus TGF-α treatment restored mucosal architecture within 72 hours of severe ischemic injury associated with sustained elevations in ERK activity. (Surgery 1999;125:186-94.)
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
DO - 10.1016/S0039-6060(99)70264-3
VL - 125
IS - 2
SP - 186-194
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Estimating provisional acceptable residues for extralabel drug use in livestock
AU - Baynes, RE
AU - Martin-Jimenez, T
AU - Craigmill, AL
AU - Riviere, JE
T2 - REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
AB - In 1996, the United States Congress passed legislation (Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act, AMDUCA), which allows some veterinary or human drugs to be used off label in food-producing animals. In order to implement this Act and protect the U.S. consumer, tolerances or safe concentrations are required before a withdrawal time can be estimated for extralabel drug use. Use of foreign MRLs to satisfy these data needs may not be applicable because of differences in safety standards between the U.S. and other countries. This paper presents strategies that can be used to derive equivalent safe concentrations, referred to as provisional acceptable residues (PARs), that may then be used to estimate drug withdrawal times. Health-based methods are proposed for calculating a PAR for a tissue. Procedure A partitions 50% of the acceptable daily intake (ADI) to edible tissues and reserves the remainder for milk. Procedure B equally partitions the ADI into all edible tissues. Procedure C partitions 50% of the ADI to milk and equally partitions the remaining 50% ADI into edible tissues. Simulations were performed for florfenicol, tetracycline, dexamethasone, azaperone, ivermectin, eprinomectin, and doramectin. In general, these simulations resulted in derivation of conservative PARs, which did not result in daily intakes of residues greater than the health-based ADI. These simulations demonstrated that provided the safe concentrations or equivalent PARs are based on rigorous toxicology safety data (e.g., NOELs, ADIs), the safety of food animal products will not be compromised. It is proposed that these PARs can be used for estimating withdrawal times after extralabel drug use or inadvertent exposure to an environmental contaminant where no approved withdrawal time exists. Finally, implementing similar transparent methods could have a positive impact on international harmonization and trade.
DA - 1999/6//
PY - 1999/6//
DO - 10.1006/rtph.1999.1302
VL - 29
IS - 3
SP - 287-299
SN - 1096-0295
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Effect of Ascaris suum reinfection on immunoreactivity in lambs
AU - Levkut, M.
AU - Revajova, V.
AU - Dvoroznakova, E.
AU - Reiterova, K.
AU - Dubinsky, P.
AU - Krupicer, I.
AU - Moncol, D. J.
T2 - Helminthologia
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
VL - 36
IS - 2
SP - 69-74
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Botulism in chickens associated with elevated iron levels
AU - Pecelunas, KS
AU - Wages, DP
AU - Helm, JD
T2 - AVIAN DISEASES
AB - Clostridium botulinum type C toxicosis was diagnosed by the mouse inoculation test in two outbreaks of botulism in commercial broiler and roaster chickens. One case involved 7-wk-old commercial roaster chickens, and the other involved 15-day-old commercial broiler chickens. A definitive point source for preformed C. botulinum exotoxin was not identified in either case investigation. Elevated iron concentrations in the drinking water and/or feed may have presented a significant risk factor that may have resulted in intestinal proliferation of C. botulinum and subsequent botulism.
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
DO - 10.2307/1592749
VL - 43
IS - 4
SP - 783-787
SN - 0005-2086
KW - chickens
KW - botulism
KW - iron levels
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Acute renal failure in four cats treated with paromomycin
AU - Gookin, J. L.
AU - Riviere, J. E.
AU - Gilger, B. C.
AU - Papich, M. G.
T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
VL - 215
IS - 12
SP - 1821-1823
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Using drug residue screening tests to investigate antibiotic contamination of milk
AU - Musser, J. M. B.
AU - Anderson, K. L.
T2 - Veterinary Medicine
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
VL - 94
IS - 5
SP - 474-479
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Retrospective study of factors associated with eliminating circulating pseudorabies virus in sow herds
AU - Deen, J.
AU - Erickson, G. A.
AU - Scherba, G.
T2 - Swine Health and Production
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
VL - 7
IS - 4
SP - 147-150
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Prostaglandin-induced recovery of barrier function in porcine ileum is triggered by chloride secretion
AU - Blikslager, AT
AU - Roberts, MC
AU - Argenzio, RA
T2 - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY
AB - We have previously shown that PGI2 and PGE2 have a synergistic role in restoring electrical transepithelial resistance (R) in ischemia-injured porcine ileum via the second messengers Ca2+ and cAMP. Because Ca2+ and cAMP stimulate Cl- secretion, we assessed the role of PG-induced Cl- secretion in recovery of R. Mucosa from porcine ileum subjected to ischemia for 45 min was mounted in Ussing chambers and bathed in indomethacin and Ringer solution. Addition of PGs stimulated a twofold increase in R, which was preceded by elevations in short-circuit current (increase of 25 microA/cm2). The PG-induced effect on R was partially inhibited with bumetanide, an inhibitor of Cl- secretion. The remaining elevations in R were similar in magnitude to those induced in ischemic tissues by amiloride, an inhibitor of Na+ absorption. Treatment with 10(-4) M 8-bromo-cGMP or 300 mosM mucosal urea resulted in elevations in R similar to those attained with PG treatment. PGs signal recovery of R via induction of Cl- secretion and inhibition of Na+ absorption, possibly by establishing a transmucosal osmotic gradient.
DA - 1999/1//
PY - 1999/1//
DO - 10.1152/ajpgi.1999.276.1.g28
VL - 276
IS - 1
SP - G28-G36
SN - 0193-1857
KW - tight junction
KW - ischemia
KW - mucosa
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Perceptions of veterinarians regarding privatization of veterinary services delivery in Ghana and Jamaica
AU - Turkson, PK
AU - Slenning, BD
AU - Brownie, CF
T2 - PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE
AB - There are on-going reforms in the delivery of veterinary services in many developing countries, with privatization of certain veterinary activities as one of the approaches. In Jamaica, with the support of veterinarians, clinical aspects of veterinary services were privatized in 1992. In contrast, Ghanaian veterinarians are generally wary of the government's on-going privatization process. The objective of this study was to find out if perceptions of the veterinarians from these two countries on certain issues of privatization were sufficiently different to explain the willingness or reluctance to go into private practice. The response proportions for predominantly self-administered questionnaires were 83% (121/145) and 92% (35/38) for Ghana and Jamaica, respectively. There was a very good (92%) agreement in the perceptions of veterinarians in Ghana and Jamaica on a battery of 24 responses pertaining to privatization of veterinary services. Generally, the perceptions of the veterinarians in Ghana and Jamaica were similar even though the predominant delivery systems for animal health services were different. Therefore, reasons other than those examined in this study may explain the differences in willingness to go into private practice. The need to account for these other reasons is discussed.
DA - 1999/6/11/
PY - 1999/6/11/
DO - 10.1016/S0167-5877(99)00023-9
VL - 40
IS - 3-4
SP - 221-232
SN - 0167-5877
KW - privatization
KW - veterinary services
KW - delivery system
KW - Ghana
KW - Jamaica
KW - information systems
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Neurotoxicity of FIV and FIV envelope protein in feline cortical cultures
AU - Bragg, DC
AU - Meeker, RB
AU - Duff, BA
AU - English, RV
AU - Tompkins, MB
T2 - BRAIN RESEARCH
AB - The neurotoxic effects of the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and FIV envelope proteins were measured in primary cultures of feline cortical neurons. Envelope protein from the FIV-PPR strain promoted neuronal swelling and death, whereas envelope protein from the FIV-34TF10 isolate produced intermediate or negligible toxicity. No effect was observed in control cultures treated with envelope protein from the Epstein–Barr virus. A concentration–effect curve showed that FIV-PPR protein produced maximal toxicity at 200 pM protein and decreased toxicity at higher concentrations, which is consistent with previous reports of the HIV-1 surface glycoprotein, gp120. These effects required the presence of low concentrations of glutamate. Using the natural host cells as targets, the effects of envelope protein and infectious virions were directly compared. All of the toxic activity could be attributed to non-infectious interactions between the viral envelope and target cells. Addition of 1 μM tetrodotoxin failed to block the effects of FIV-PPR in the presence of 20 μM glutamate. Toxicity would appear to involve two steps in which the envelope protein first sensitizes neurons through non-synaptic interactions (TTX insensitive) thereby setting the stage for enhanced synaptic activation via glutamate receptors (TTX sensitive).
DA - 1999/1/23/
PY - 1999/1/23/
DO - 10.1016/S0006-8993(98)01177-9
VL - 816
IS - 2
SP - 431-437
SN - 0006-8993
KW - feline immunodeficiency virus
KW - gp120
KW - neurotoxicity
KW - glutamate
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Immunomodulation and therapeutic effects of the oral use of interferon-alpha: Mechanism of action
AU - Tompkins, WA
T2 - JOURNAL OF INTERFERON AND CYTOKINE RESEARCH
AB - It is now well accepted that type 1 interferons (IFNs), IFN-alpha and IFN-beta, in addition to being molecules with powerful antiviral activity, play a critical role in modulating immune responses to foreign and self-antigens. This review of the literature documents the immunomodulatory effects of IFN-alpha and discusses its position and importance in the cytokine cascade. In addition, this review attempts to organize the literature describing local and systemic immunomodulatory effects of orally administered low doses of IFN-alpha, and provide a physiological explanation for the mechanism of action. Evidence suggests that, early in the process of antigen presentation to T helper (Th) cells, IFN-alpha derived principally from the antigen-presenting cells (APC) provides an important signal for Th precursor differentiation in favor of a Th1 immune response. IFN-alpha, perhaps via upregulation of the high-alphaffinity interleukin-12beta1/beta2 (IL-12beta1/beta2) receptor, renders Th1 cells responsive to IL-12 resulting in production of high levels of IFN-gamma crucial to the development of Th1 immune responses. In addition to being instrumental in the development of Th1 immune responses, IFN-alpha appears to be the major cytokine responsible for the amplification of the CD8+ T cell response and resistance to viral infections. Orally administered IFN-alpha induces similar Th1 cytokine responses in buccal mucosal lymph nodes (LN), including upregulation of IFN-gamma expression and downregulation of IL-4. Moreover, reports of systemic immune effects such as decreased autoimmune responses, increased antiviral and antibacterial responses, and generalized immune function changes after oral IFN-alpha administration are consistent with the known immunomodulatory role of IFN-alpha in a physiological setting. Responses to orally administered low doses of IFN-alpha also adhere to the principle of low-dose priming and high-dose anergy that dictates the cellular and cytokine responses to exogenously added cytokines both in vivo and in vitro. These observations collectively suggest that IFN-alpha administered to mucosal-associated immune tissue replicates the known physiological role of IFN-alpha, including regulation of CD4+ Th1 immunomodulatory cells and activation of CD8+ effector cells, which are both crucial to development of protective immune responses. What remains to be determined is how local mucosal immune responses to IFN-alpha given orally are translated into systemic immune responses and resistance to disease. This important question, the answer to which will have profound implications for new immunotherapies for immune-based diseases, is the focus of current research.
DA - 1999/8//
PY - 1999/8//
DO - 10.1089/107999099313325
VL - 19
IS - 8
SP - 817-828
SN - 1079-9907
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Formation of antibiotic, biodegradable/bioabsorbable polymers by processing with neomycin sulfate and its inclusion compound with beta-cyclodextrin
AU - Huang, L
AU - Taylor, H
AU - Gerber, M
AU - Orndorff, PE
AU - Horton, , JR
AU - Tonelli, A
T2 - JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
AB - Samples of pure neomycin sulfate and its inclusion compound (IC) with β-cyclodextrin were implanted into films of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL). Both polymers have been widely used commercially to make sutures. The antibacterial activity of these films against Escherichia coli was tested. Films made by either solution casting or melt pressing were divided into the following three groups: (1) plain polymer films, (2) those embedded with pure neomycin sulfate, and (3) those embedded with neomycin sulfate-β-cyclodextrin IC. Filter paper treated with 1.5 μL of 10 mg/μL Kanamycin and neomycin were used as controls and resulted in 11- and 8-mm zones of inhibition/or antibacterial activity, respectively. Small discs (ca. 2% of total area) cut from solution-cast films of PLLA and PCL containing 50 wt % neomycin sulfate IC had 17- and 16-mm zones of inhibition, and PLLA and PCL containing 50 wt % pure neomycin sulfate deterred bacterial growth, resulting in 19-mm zones of inhibition. Melt-pressed films containing 10 wt % pure neomycin sulfate or its IC, showed 17- and 11-mm zones of inhibition for PLLA films, respectively, while PCL films showed 13- and 9-mm zones of inhibition, respectively. For melt-pressed films that contain 0.01 wt % pure neomycin sulfate or its IC, PLLA films showed 11- and 9.5-mm zones of inhibition, respectively, while PCL films showed 11- and 10-mm zones of inhibition, respectively. Since an antibiotic, bioabsorbable suture does not require surgical removal, implanting an inclusion compound in the suture might allow the slow release of antibiotic, thereby guarding against postsurgical infection and also protecting the antibiotic from degradation during the melt-spinning process used to make the suture. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 937–947, 1999
DA - 1999/10/24/
PY - 1999/10/24/
DO - 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19991024)74:4<937::AID-APP20>3.0.CO;2-K
VL - 74
IS - 4
SP - 937-947
SN - 0021-8995
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Does in vitro culture affect the expression of insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) messenger RNA in fetal bovine liver?
AU - Blondin, P.
AU - Farin, P. W.
AU - Crosier, A. E.
AU - Alexander, J. E.
AU - Farin, C. E.
T2 - Biology of Reproduction
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
VL - 60
IS - 1999
SP - 248-249
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Control of gastrointestinal parasite larvae of ruminant using nitrogen fertilizer, limestone and sodium hypochlorite solutions
AU - Howell, JM
AU - Luginbuhl, JM
AU - Grice, MJ
AU - Anderson, KL
AU - Arasu, P
AU - Flowers, , JR
T2 - SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH
AB - Gastrointestinal parasites are considered to be one of the most prominent health problems of small ruminants. Additional concerns are associated with parasite resistance to traditional anthelmintics and drug withdrawal times. Solutions of commercial fertilizers, bleach and limestone were used to examine their effect on the motility of infective Haemonchus contortus larvae (L3) in vitro. Infective larvae were cultured from feces of one Suffolk ram lamb infected with 5000 L3. Infective larvae (500 L3/100 μl) were then pipetted into individual petri dishes with 400 μl of a known concentration of either urea (U), ammonium nitrate (AN), liquid nitrogen fertilizer (LNF), a mixture of ammonium nitrate + urea (ANU), dolomitic limestone (DLM), limestone (LM) and sodium hypochlorite (SH). Percent non-motile L3 increased (p < 0.05) as they were exposed to increasing concentrations of nitrogen (N) sources and SH. However, DLM and LM were not effective. Another trial compared the highest concentrations of the four N sources (18 g N/100 ml) and SH (10%). Percent non-motile L3 were: U, 81.3; AN, 96.8; LNF, 93.3; ANU, 89.2; SH, 99.8. Larvicidal properties of N sources and SH could decrease gastrointestinal parasite loads, may reduce producers dependency on traditional anthelmintics to control infective larvae and may reduce the potential of anthelmintic resistance when used strategically with pasture fertilization and other agricultural practices. Field studies are needed to corroborate results presented herein.
DA - 1999/5//
PY - 1999/5//
DO - 10.1016/S0921-4488(98)00186-2
VL - 32
IS - 3
SP - 197-204
SN - 1879-0941
KW - gastrointestinal parasites
KW - nitrogen fertilizers
KW - bleach
KW - limestone
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - A three-year study of viable airborne fungi in the North Carolina Zoological Park RJR Nabisco Rocky Coast Alcid Exhibit
AU - Faucette, T. G.
AU - Loomis, M.
AU - Reininger, K.
AU - Zombeck, D.
AU - Stout, H.
AU - Porter, C.
AU - Dykstra, M. J.
T2 - Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
VL - 30
IS - 1
SP - 44-53
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Toward a canine model of atopic dermatitis: amplification of cytokine-gene transcripts in the skin of atopic dogs
AU - Olivry, T
AU - Dean, GA
AU - Tompkins, MB
AU - Dow, JL
AU - Moore, PF
T2 - EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY
AB - Abstract: The objectives of the present study were to characterize and compare the repertoire of cytokine‐genes transcribed in skin homogenates obtained from normal dogs and dogs with atopic dermatitis (AD) using a reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and canine‐specific cytokine‐gene primers. Whereas IL‐4 and IL‐5 cytokine‐gene transcripts were detected more commonly in atopic skin biopsy homogenates, IL‐2 mRNA was amplified more often from normal control specimens. IFN‐γ mRNA was detected in 5/29 atopic specimens, 4 of them obtained from the only dog with chronic skin lesions. One‐fourth of atopic samples exhibited clear type‐2 cytokine profiles; the remainder did not demonstrate polarized repertoires. Conversely, type‐1 cytokine profiles were characterized in one‐fourth of normal control specimens. The present study establishes, for the first time, the transcription of type‐2 cytokine‐genes in the skin of dogs with AD. Future experiments investigating the cellular origin and dynamics of allergic cytokine‐gene transcription are needed to confirm whether or not canine AD could be considered an immunological model for a human disease.
DA - 1999/6//
PY - 1999/6//
DO - 10.1111/j.1600-0625.1999.tb00372.x
VL - 8
IS - 3
SP - 204-211
SN - 0906-6705
KW - skin
KW - atopic dermatitis
KW - dogs
KW - canine
KW - cytokine
KW - interleukin
KW - interferon
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Theileria sp infections associated with bovine fatalities in the United States confirmed by small-subunit rRNA gene analyses of blood and tick samples
AU - Chae, J. S.
AU - Levy, M.
AU - Hunt, J.
AU - Schlater, J.
AU - Snider, G.
AU - Waghela, S. D.
AU - Holman, P. J.
AU - Wagner, G. G.
T2 - Journal of Clinical Microbiology
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
VL - 37
IS - 9
SP - 3037-3040
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Radiographic diagnosis: Multicentric schwannoma in an adult Holstein-Freisian cow
AU - Ramirez, O
AU - McDorman, K
AU - Dennis, P
AU - Hunt, E
T2 - VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND
AB - Veterinary Radiology & UltrasoundVolume 40, Issue 2 p. 148-150 RADIOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS: MULTICENTRIC SCHWANNOMA IN AN ADULT HOLSTEIN-FREISIAN COW Oscar Ramirez III DVM, Corresponding Author Oscar Ramirez III DVM Departments of Anatomy, Physiological Sciences and Radiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606.Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Oscar Ramirez, Gulf Coast Veterinary Imaging, 1111 West Loop South, Houston, TX 77027.Search for more papers by this authorKevin McDorman DVM, Kevin McDorman DVM Departments of Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606.Search for more papers by this authorPamela Dennis DVM, Pamela Dennis DVM Departments of Food Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606.Search for more papers by this authorElaine Hunt DVM, Elaine Hunt DVM Departments of Food Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606.Search for more papers by this author Oscar Ramirez III DVM, Corresponding Author Oscar Ramirez III DVM Departments of Anatomy, Physiological Sciences and Radiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606.Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Oscar Ramirez, Gulf Coast Veterinary Imaging, 1111 West Loop South, Houston, TX 77027.Search for more papers by this authorKevin McDorman DVM, Kevin McDorman DVM Departments of Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606.Search for more papers by this authorPamela Dennis DVM, Pamela Dennis DVM Departments of Food Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606.Search for more papers by this authorElaine Hunt DVM, Elaine Hunt DVM Departments of Food Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606.Search for more papers by this author First published: 23 May 2005 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.1999.tb01900.xCitations: 4AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume40, Issue2March 1999Pages 148-150 RelatedInformation
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
DO - 10.1111/j.1740-8261.1999.tb01900.x
VL - 40
IS - 2
SP - 148-150
SN - 1058-8183
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - IL-2-deficient mice raised under germfree conditions develop delayed mild focal intestinal inflammation
AU - Schultz, M
AU - Tonkonogy, SL
AU - Sellon, RK
AU - Veltkamp, C
AU - Godfrey, VL
AU - Kwon, J
AU - Grenther, WB
AU - Balish, E
AU - Horak, I
AU - Sartor, RB
T2 - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY
AB - Interleukin-2 (IL-2) amplifies immune stimuli and influences B cell differentiation. IL-2-deficient mice spontaneously develop intestinal inflammation if raised under specific pathogen-free (SPF) conditions. We quantitatively determined the aggressiveness and kinetics of gastrointestinal and hepatic inflammation in the presence or absence of viable bacteria in IL-2-deficient mice. Breeding colonies were maintained under SPF and germfree (GF) conditions. Intestinal tissues, serum, and mesenteric lymph nodes were obtained from mice at different ages for blind histological scoring, immunoglobulin measurements, mucosal T cell infiltration, and cytokine secretion. GF IL-2 −/− mice developed mild, focal, and nonlethal intestinal inflammation with delayed onset, whereas the more aggressive inflammation in SPF IL-2 −/− mice led to their death between 28 and 32 wk. Periportal hepatic inflammation was equal in the presence or absence of bacterial colonization. Intestinal immunoglobulin secretion decreased significantly by 13 wk of age in IL-2 −/− mice in both GF and SPF environments. In contrast to other genetically engineered rodents, IL-2 −/− mice develop mild focal gastrointestinal and active portal tract inflammation in the absence of viable bacteria.
DA - 1999/6//
PY - 1999/6//
DO - 10.1152/ajpgi.1999.276.6.g1461
VL - 276
IS - 6
SP - G1461-G1472
SN - 1522-1547
KW - interleukin-2-deficient mice
KW - luminal flora
KW - colitis
KW - animal models
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Dental wear and growth performance in steers fed sweetpotato cannery waste
AU - Rogers, G. M.
AU - Poore, M. H.
AU - Ferko, B. L.
AU - Brown, T. T.
AU - Deaton, T. G.
AU - Bawden, J. W.
T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
VL - 214
IS - 5
SP - 681-687
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Platelets from thrombocytopenic ponies acutely infected with equine infectious anemia virus are activated in vivo and hypofunctional
AU - Russell, KE
AU - Perkins, PC
AU - Hoffman, MR
AU - Miller, RT
AU - Walker, KM
AU - Fuller, FJ
AU - Sellon, DC
T2 - VIROLOGY
AB - Thrombocytopenia is a consistent finding and one of the earliest hematological abnormalities in horses acutely infected with equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), a lentivirus closely related to human immunodeficiency virus. Multifactorial mechanisms, including immune-mediated platelet destruction and impaired platelet production, are implicated in the pathogenesis of EIAV-associated thrombocytopenia. This study was undertaken to investigate whether regenerative thrombopoiesis and platelet destruction occurred in ponies acutely infected with EIAV. Circulating large, immature platelets were increased in ponies acutely infected with EIAV late in the infection when platelet count was at a nadir. Morphometric analysis of bone marrow from acutely infected ponies revealed significant increased in megakaryocyte area and megakaryocyte nuclear area. A trend toward increased numbers of megakaryocytes was also observed. Platelets from acutely infected ponies had increased surface-bound fibrinogen and ultrastructural changes consistent with in vivo platelet activation. Platelets also had hypofunctional aggregation responses to three agonists in vitro. We conclude that thrombocytopenia in ponies acutely infected with EIAV is regenerative and suggest that bone marrow platelet production is not severely compromised in these ponies. Our findings reveal that in vivo platelet activation occurs in ponies acutely infected with EIAV, and as a result platelets are hypofunctional in vitro. Activation of platelets in vivo may cause platelet degranulation or formation of platelet aggregates, which would result in removal of these damages platelets from circulation. This may represent a form of nonimmune-mediated platelet destruction in ponies acutely infected with EIAV.
DA - 1999/6/20/
PY - 1999/6/20/
DO - 10.1006/viro.1999.9737
VL - 259
IS - 1
SP - 7-19
SN - 0042-6822
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Increased interleukin-6 activity in the serum of ponies acutely infected with equine infectious anaemia virus
AU - Sellon, DC
AU - Russell, KE
AU - Monroe, VL
AU - Walker, KM
T2 - RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
AB - Seven ponies were infected with the virulent wild-type Wyoming strain of equine infectious anaemia virus (EIAV). Infection status was monitored by serum reverse transcriptase activity, rectal temperature, and complete blood count. Preinfection serum and serum obtained during the initial febrile episode following infection were assayed for interleukin 6 (IL-6) activity. Postinfection IL-6 activity was significantly increased as compared to preinfection values. The magnitude of increase in IL-6 was positively correlated with reverse transcriptase activity (an indirect measure of viraemia) but was not correlated with rectal temperature. IL-6 production in response to EIAV infection may play a role in pathogenesis of disease, especially the hyperglobulinaemia and apparent polyclonal B cell activation in these horses.
DA - 1999/2//
PY - 1999/2//
DO - 10.1053/rvsc.1998.0245
VL - 66
IS - 1
SP - 77-80
SN - 0034-5288
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Clinical and pathologic evaluation of chronic Bartonella henselae or Bartonella clarridgeiae infection in cats
AU - Kordick, D. L.
AU - Brown, T. T.
AU - Shin, K.
AU - Breitschwerdt, E. B.
T2 - Journal of Clinical Microbiology
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
VL - 37
IS - 5
SP - 1536-1547
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Safety and efficacy of the Environmental Products Group Masterflow Aquarium Management System with Aegis Microbe Shield (TM)
AU - Lewbart, GA
AU - Stoskopf, MK
AU - Losordo, T
AU - Geyer, J
AU - Owen, J
AU - Smith, DW
AU - Law, M
AU - Altier, C
T2 - AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING
AB - This study investigated the safety and efficacy of the EPG Masterflow Aquarium Management System with Aegis Microbe Shield™ (EPG-MAMS). Four different species of fish were used in the study. Ten fish of each species were placed in 75 l aquariums containing the EPG filter media, a commercially available filter media (Whisper®) and an aquarium with no filter material. At the end of the 45 day trial three fish from each tank were sacrificed and preserved in formalin for histopathology. Water quality parameters were routinely monitored. The EPG filter media was compared with the Whisper® filter media for efficacy against Aeromonas salmonicida using a shaker flask microbiological assay. The EPG filter proved to be clinically and histopathologically safe and reduced to some degree the number of A. salmonicida suspended in water in an in vitro study.
DA - 1999/1//
PY - 1999/1//
DO - 10.1016/S0144-8609(98)00043-0
VL - 19
IS - 2
SP - 93-98
SN - 0144-8609
KW - Environmental Products Group
KW - Masterflow Aquarium Management System
KW - Aegis Microbe Shield
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Shedding of feline immunodeficiency virus in semen of domestic cats during acute infection
AU - Jordan, H. L.
AU - Liang, Y. H.
AU - Hudson, L. C.
AU - Tompkins, W. A.
T2 - American Journal of Veterinary Research
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
VL - 60
IS - 2
SP - 211-215
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Effects of sample storage and delayed secondary enrichment on detection of Salmonella spp in swine feces
AU - O'Carroll, J. M.
AU - Davies, P. R.
AU - Correa, M. T.
AU - Slenning, B. D.
T2 - American Journal of Veterinary Research
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
VL - 60
IS - 3
SP - 359-362
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Sequence analysis of the matrix nucleocapsid gene region of turkey coronavirus
AU - Breslin, JJ
AU - Smith, LG
AU - Fuller, FJ
AU - Guy, JS
T2 - INTERVIROLOGY
AB - A reverse transcriptase, polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) procedure was used to amplify a segment of the genome of turkey coronavirus (TCV) spanning portions of the matrix and nucleocapsid (MN) protein genes (approximately 1.1 kb). The MN gene region of three epidemiologically distinct TCV strains (Minnesota, NC95, Indiana) was amplified, cloned into pUC19, and sequenced. TCV MN gene sequences were compared with published sequences of other avian and mammalian coronaviruses. A high degree of similarity (>90%) was observed between the nucleotide, matrix protein, and nucleocapsid protein sequences of TCV strains and published sequences of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). The matrix and nucleocapsid protein sequences of TCV had limited homology (<30%) with MN sequences of mammalian coronaviruses. These results demonstrate a close genetic relationship between the avian coronaviruses, IBV and TCV.
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
DO - 10.1159/000024956
VL - 42
IS - 1
SP - 22-29
SN - 0300-5526
KW - coronavirus
KW - infectious bronchitis virus
KW - turkey coronavirus
KW - polymerase chain reaction
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - The mucosal phase of Listeria infection
AU - Havell, EA
AU - Beretich, GR
AU - Carter, PB
T2 - IMMUNOBIOLOGY
AB - Listeria monocytogenes is an enteroinvasive bacterial pathogen of man and animals. Listeriae have been shown capable of infecting the host by translocating from the intestinal lumen through Peyer's Patches (PP), however, results of experiments now indicate that these facultative intracellular parasites may also translocate through PP-independent routes. With regards to this, on occasion we observed that listeriae were absent from the PP of mice inoculated intragastrically with L. monocytogenes, but were present in the mesenteric lymph nodes of these same mice. These observations suggested that PP were not necessary for listerial translocation from the intestinal lumen. Two experimental approaches were used to determine whether luminal listeriae could indeed infect the host through PP-independent routes. First, since it is known that: 1) following the intragastric inoculation of L. monocytogenes, listeriae rapidly transit the length of the gastrointestinal tract and reside in the colonic lumen for up to a week, 2) the colon lacks PP, and 3) the descending colon and rectum are drained exclusively by the caudal lymph node (CLN), it was determined whether colonic listeriae could access the CLN. Inoculation of listeriae into the rectum of mice resulted in the infection of the CLN which indicated that PP were not required for listerial translocation. Second, since germfree SCID mice lack PP, it was determined whether listeriae could translocate from the intestinal lumen and infect these immunoincompetent mice. Shortly after the intragastric inoculation of L. monocytogenes into germfree SCID mice, listeriae were found in the mesenteries, livers and spleens. These results also indicate that PP are not required for listerial translocation from the intestinal lumen. One possible route of translocation from the intestinal lumen might occur by listeriae entering enterocytes. Results were obtained showing that listeriae were capable of entering cultured mouse small intestine enterocytes. Internalized listeriae were observed to multiply and spread intracellularly between enterocytes.
DA - 1999/12//
PY - 1999/12//
DO - 10.1016/S0171-2985(99)80056-4
VL - 201
IS - 2
SP - 164-177
SN - 0171-2985
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Use of blood and blood products
AU - Hunt, E
AU - Wood, B
T2 - VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-FOOD ANIMAL PRACTICE
AB - Guidelines for blood and plasma transfusion are different in the ruminant when compared to other species. The ruminant recipient rarely requires donor cross matching prior to administration of blood or plasma. Transfused donor erythrocytes have extremely short half-lives in the recipient so blood transfusion only briefly provides relief from signs of anemic anoxia. Ruminant plasma does not separate on standing (as in the equine) so it is not possible to harvest plasma without access to a large centrifuge or equipment for plasmapheresis. Administration of whole blood is the easiest means through which the practitioner can provide a plasma transfusion.
DA - 1999/11//
PY - 1999/11//
DO - 10.1016/S0749-0720(15)30168-7
VL - 15
IS - 3
SP - 641-+
SN - 1558-4240
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Immune cells are required for cutaneous ulceration in a swine model of chancroid
AU - San Mateo, L. R.
AU - Toffer, K. L.
AU - Orndorff, P. E.
AU - Kawula, T. H.
T2 - Infection and Immunity
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
VL - 67
IS - 9
SP - 4963-4967
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Hetastarch: A synthetic colloid with potential in equine patients
AU - McFarlane, D.
T2 - Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
VL - 21
IS - 9
SP - 867
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Atypical limbal melanoma in a cat
AU - Betton, A
AU - Healy, LN
AU - English, RV
AU - Bunch, SE
T2 - JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
DO - 10.1892/0891-6640(1999)013<0379:ALMIAC>2.3.CO;2
VL - 13
IS - 4
SP - 379-381
SN - 0891-6640
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Sicklepod toxicity
AU - Kirby, C. J.
AU - Rogers, G. M.
T2 - Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian
DA - 1999///
PY - 1999///
VL - 21
IS - 2, suppl.
SP - S66-6979
ER -