TY - CONF TI - Power Electronics Packaging - A Circuit Design Approach AU - Hopkins, Douglas C. T2 - 12th Annual IEEE Conference on Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) C2 - 1997/2/23/ C3 - 12th Annual IEEE Conference on Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) CY - Atlanta, GA DA - 1997/2/23/ PY - 1997/2/23/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Thermal Impedance and Stress in a Power Package Due to Variations in Layer Thickness AU - Hopkins, D.C. AU - Pitarressi, J.M. AU - Karker, J.A. T2 - 1997 ISHM (IMAPS) International Symposium on Microelectronics C2 - 1997/10// C3 - SPIE Proceedings Series CY - Philadelphia, PA DA - 1997/10// PY - 1997/10/12/ VL - 3235 SP - 72–77 PB - Bellingham, Washington ER - TY - JOUR TI - Power Electronics Packaging AU - Hopkins, D.C. T2 - Advancing Microelectronics Magazine DA - 1997/1// PY - 1997/1// VL - 24 IS - 1 SP - 10 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hybrid solutions for improving passive filter performance in high power applications AU - Bhattacharya, S. AU - Cheng, P.-T. AU - Divan, D.M. T2 - IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications AB - This paper presents a new control scheme for a parallel hybrid active filter system intended for harmonic compensation of large nonlinear loads up to 50 MVA, to meet IEEE 519 recommended harmonic standards. The active filter is small rated, 2%-3% of load kilovoltampere rating. The control scheme is based on the concept of synthesizing a dynamically variable inductance, and its usefulness is demonstrated for an active filtering application. A synchronous reference frame (SRF) controller implements the dynamically varying negative or positive inductance by generating active filter inverter voltage commands. This variable inductance controller parallel hybrid active filter system can selectively synthesize multiple "active inductances" at dominant harmonic frequencies without affecting passive filter impedances at all other frequencies. This controller also provides a "current limiting" function to prevent passive filter overloading under ambient harmonic loads and/or supply voltage distortions. Three implementation variations of a parallel hybrid active filter system are presented. This paper also proposes the use of power factor correction capacitors as low cost passive filters for a parallel hybrid active filter system, which are controlled to provide either single or multiple tuned harmonic sinks and to increase cost effectiveness for high power applications. Simulation results validate the proposed variable inductance controller operation for mistuned passive filters. DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// DO - 10.1109/28.585864 VL - 33 IS - 3 SP - 732-747 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0031143192&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - active inductance KW - harmonic compensation KW - hybrid active filter system KW - IEEE 519 harmonic standard KW - parallel hybrid active filter system KW - synchronous reference frame ER - TY - CONF TI - Quantification of uncertainty in remotesensing-based school bus CO and hydrocarbon emission factors AU - Frey, H.Christopher C2 - 1997/// C3 - Proceedings of the Air & Waste Management Association's Annual Meeting & Exhibition DA - 1997/// UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0031354445&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Optimal design of advanced power systems under uncertainty AU - Diwekar, U.M. AU - Rubin, E.S. AU - Frey, H.C. T2 - Energy Conversion and Management DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// VL - 38 IS - 15-17 SP - 1725-1735 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0031259174&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Modeling and evaluation of externally fired combined cycle using ASPEN AU - Agrawal, P. AU - Frey, H.C. T2 - Journal of Energy Engineering DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// VL - 123 IS - 3 SP - 69-86 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-6144248166&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CONF TI - Bootstrap methods for quantitative analysis of variability and uncertainty in exposure and risk assessment AU - Frey, H.Christopher C2 - 1997/// C3 - Proceedings of the Air & Waste Management Association's Annual Meeting & Exhibition DA - 1997/// UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0031344095&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CHAP TI - Uncertainty evaluation in capital cost projection AU - Frey, H. C. AU - Rubin, E. S. T2 - Encyclopedia of chemical processing and design, Vol. 59 CN - TP9 .E66 PY - 1997/// VL - 59 SP - 480-494 PB - New York: Marcel Dekker ER - TY - CONF TI - Variability and uncertainty in highway vehicle emission factors AU - Frey, H. C. C2 - 1997/// C3 - Emission inventory: Planning for the future, proceedings of a specialty conference, October 28-30, 1997, Research Triangle Park, NC CN - [Not currently held by TRLN member libraries] DA - 1997/// M1 - 1997 Oct. PB - Pittsburgh, Pa.: Air & Waste Management Association ER - TY - CONF TI - Quantification of variability and uncertainty in AP-42 emission factors using bootstrap simulation AU - Rhodes, D. S. AU - Frey, H. C. C2 - 1997/// C3 - Emission inventory: Planning for the future, proceedings of a specialty conference, October 28-30, 1997, Research Triangle Park, NC CN - [Not currently held by TRLN member libraries] [Earlier years in print form-Hill TD884.A52] DA - 1997/// M1 - 1997 Oct. PB - Pittsburgh, Pa.: Air & Waste Management Association ER - TY - CONF TI - Probabilistic methodology for risk assessment of new energy technologies and application to gasification repowering for an oil refinery in Poland AU - Frey, H. C. AU - Iwanski, Z. A2 - G. Manfrida, A2 - Lior, N. C2 - 1997/// C3 - Florence World Energy Research Symposium (1997): FLOWERS ''97: Florence World Energy Symposium CN - TK1001 .A3 [Hill] DA - 1997/// VL - 39 SP - 267-274 M1 - 16/18 PB - Padova, Italy: SGEditorial ER - TY - BOOK TI - Probabilistic evaluation of mobile source air pollution. Volume I, Probabilistic modeling of exhaust emissions from light duty gasoline vehicles AU - Kini, M. D. AU - Frey, H. C. DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// PB - Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University for Center for Transportation and the Environment ER - TY - CONF TI - Methods for characterizing and managing technological risks in advanced power generation systems: Application to gasification repowering in Poland AU - Frey, H. C. AU - Iwanski, Z. C2 - 1997/// C3 - Proceedings of Gasification Technologies Conference, Electric Power Research lnstitute, Palo Alto, CA. October 1997 DA - 1997/// M1 - 1997 Oct. ER - TY - JOUR TI - Integrated environmental control modeling of coal-fired power systems AU - Rubin, ES AU - Kalagnanam, , JR AU - Frey, HC AU - Berkenpas, MB T2 - JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION AB - Abstract The capability to estimate the performance and costs of advanced environmental control systems for coal-fired power plants is critical to a variety of planning and analysis requirements faced by utilities, regulators, researchers, and analysts in the public and private sectors. This paper describes a computer model developed for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to provide an up-to-date capability for analyzing a variety of pre-combustion, combustion, and post-combustion options in an integrated framework. A unique feature of the model allows performance and costs of integrated environmental control concepts to be modeled probabilistically as a means of characterizing uncertainties and risks. Examples are presented of model applications, comparing conventional and advanced emission control designs. The magnitude of technological risks associated with advanced technologies now under development are seen to vary markedly across applications. In general, however, integrated environmental control concepts show significant potential for more cost-effective methods of emissions control. DA - 1997/11// PY - 1997/11// DO - 10.1080/10473289.1997.10464063 VL - 47 IS - 11 SP - 1180-1188 SN - 1047-3289 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0031282206&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Complete characterization of utilization-voltage power system impedance using wideband measurement AU - Rhode, JP AU - Kelley, AW AU - Baran, ME T2 - IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS AB - Inexpensive portable instrumentation is used to measure the impedance of an example utilization-voltage power system, With the power system in normal operation, line-to-neutral, line-to-ground and neutral-to-ground impedances are measured over a bandwidth of 20 Hz-24 kHz. The measured impedance is presented as resistance and inductance, which vary with frequency. Based on the measurements, additional calculations are performed to find the resistance and inductance of every conductor in the system. This complete wide-band characterization of power system impedance provides valuable data for power quality calculations. DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// DO - 10.1109/28.649958 VL - 33 IS - 6 SP - 1472-1479 SN - 0093-9994 KW - fault current KW - harmonics KW - line impedance KW - power quality ER - TY - JOUR TI - Kinetics of anaerobic cometabolism of 2,4-dinitrotoluene with ethanol as the primary substrate AU - Cheng, JY AU - Suidan, MT AU - Venosa, AD T2 - WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AB - A kinetic model that describes the anaerobic cometabolism of 2,4-dinitrtoluene (DNT) with ethanol as the primary substrate has been developed based on experimental results. The kinetic parameters were estimated using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. 2,4-DNT is anaerobically biotransformed to 2,4-diaminotoluene (DAT) via 4-amino-2-nitrotoluene (4-A-2-NT) and 2-amino-4-nitrotoluene (2-A-4-NT) by the bacteria whose growth is supported by utilizing ethanol. 2,4-DNT shows inhibition to its own biotransformation. It also exhibits a very strong competitive inhibition to further biotransformation of 4-A-2-NT and 2-A-4-NT. All the aromatics in the system, 2,4-DNT, 4-A-2-NT, 2-A-4-NT, and 2,4-DAT, inhibit the conversion of ethanol. Hydrogen produced from the acetogenesis of ethanol is utilized for the transformation of the nitroaromatics. The utilization of hydrogen and acetate by methanogenic bacteria is very strongly inhibited by the presence of the nitroaromatics. Acetate exhibits strong competitive inhibition to the biodegradation of propionate. DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// DO - 10.1016/S0273-1223(97)00532-5 VL - 36 IS - 6-7 SP - 271-278 SN - 1996-9732 KW - anaerobic KW - biotransformation KW - cometabolism KW - 2,4-dinitrotoluene KW - ethanol KW - inhibition KW - kinetics KW - model ER - TY - JOUR TI - Modeling and evaluation of externally fired combined cycle using ASPEN AU - Agarwal, P. AU - Frey, H. Christopher T2 - Journal of Energy Engineering AB - A new performance model of the externally fired combined cycle (EFCC) is implemented in ASPEN (Advanced System for Process ENgineering), a chemical process simulator. The model accounts for interactions within and between approximately a dozen major process areas. The new model is applied to case studies to evaluate the sensitivity of process performance to the ranges of uncertainty in key model inputs such as heat losses, carbon conversion, and air leakage rates, and to illustrate how alternative designs, including steam injection and flue gas desulfurization (FGD), can affect plant thermal efficiency and net power output. The model results suggest that careful attention to the design of the FGD system is needed, especially with respect to reheat, and that steam injection may offer cost savings associated with reducing the size of the steam turbine with little or no penalty on plant output or plant efficiency. Uncertainties in the slagging combustor and the ceramic heat exchanger may lead to significant penalties on process performance. DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// DO - 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9402(1997)123:3(69) VL - 123 IS - 3 SP - 69–87 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Distribution transformer models for branch current based feeder analysis AU - Baran, ME AU - Staton, EA T2 - IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS AB - This paper proposes a new method to include distribution transformers in feeder analysis. The proposed method tailors the transformer models specifically for the branch current based feeder analysis method. The approach is general in that it can be used to represent any type of transformer. The analysis method is computationally very efficient and the paper shows that the proposed transformer models preserve the computational efficiency of this method. Transformer models in the branch current based method enables one to analyze distribution systems in more detail. DA - 1997/5// PY - 1997/5// DO - 10.1109/59.589655 VL - 12 IS - 2 SP - 698-703 SN - 0885-8950 KW - distribution systems KW - feeder analysis KW - power flow analysis KW - transformer ER - TY - JOUR TI - Optimal design of advanced power systems under uncertainty AU - Diwekar, UM AU - Rubin, ES AU - Frey, HC T2 - ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT AB - Technical and economic uncertainties are not rigorously treated or characterized in most preliminary cost and performance estimates of advanced power system designs. Nor do current design methods rigorously address the issues of design under uncertainty. However, process costs and other important quality measures, such as controllability, safety, and environmental compliance, largely depend on the process synthesis stage. This conceptual design stage involves identifying the basic flowsheet structures from a typically large number of alternatives. This paper describes recent developments in on-going research to develop and demonstrate advanced computer-based methods for dealing with uncertainties that are critical to the design of advanced coal-based power systems. Results are presented illustrating the use of these new modeling tools for the environmental control design of an advanced energy system based on an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) for electric power generation. DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// DO - 10.1016/S0196-8904(96)00184-7 VL - 38 IS - 15-17 SP - 1725-1735 SN - 0196-8904 KW - process optimization KW - process synthesis KW - uncertainty KW - energy systems KW - environmental control technology ER -