TY - SOUND TI - Sustainable Turfgrass Systems AU - Seth Carley, D. DA - 2012/7// PY - 2012/7// ER - TY - SOUND TI - Plant Health as a Piece in Sustainable Turfgrass Systems AU - Seth Carley, D. DA - 2012/6// PY - 2012/6// ER - TY - SOUND TI - Increasing Food Security through New Food Initiatives AU - Seth Carley, D. DA - 2012/11// PY - 2012/11// ER - TY - SOUND TI - The Importance of the Green Industry: Hidden Benefits and Future Challenges AU - Seth Carley, D. DA - 2012/12// PY - 2012/12// ER - TY - CONF TI - The Benefits of Turfgrass AU - Seth Carley, D. T2 - Green Industry “Green n’ Growin’” Conference C2 - 2012/1// CY - Greensboro, NC DA - 2012/1// PY - 2012/1// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Wheat blast: An emerging threat AU - Cruz, C.C. AU - Peterson, G.L. AU - Bockus, W.W. AU - Farman, M.L. AU - Pedley, K.F. AU - Stack, J.P. AU - Magarey, R. AU - Valent, B. T2 - Phytopathology DA - 2012/// PY - 2012/// VL - 102 IS - 9 SP - 3 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Probability of Magnaporthe oryzae (Triticum pathotype) introduction into the United States: A quantitative pathway analysis AU - Cruz, C.D. AU - Stack, J.P. AU - Magarey, R.D. AU - Fowler, G.A. T2 - Phytopathology DA - 2012/// PY - 2012/// VL - 102 IS - 7 SP - 3340 ER - TY - CONF TI - Evaluating the forest pest invasion potential of trade-related and recreational transportation pathways AU - Koch, F.H. AU - Yemshanov, D. AU - Magarey, R.D. AU - Colunga-Garcia, M. AU - Smith, W.D. T2 - 2011 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2011) C2 - 2012/// CY - Seattle, Washington DA - 2012/// PY - 2011/8/21/ ER - TY - CHAP TI - Mapping, climate and geographic information for risk analysis AU - Fowler, G. AU - Takeuchi, T. T2 - Plant Pest Risk Analysis: Concepts and Application PY - 2012/// SP - 151-163 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84890230584&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - MGZN TI - Golf Courses as Good Environmental Stewards AU - Carley, D.S. AU - Hamon, L. T2 - North Carolina Turfgrass Magazine DA - 2012/1// PY - 2012/1// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Heat stress and N fertilization affect soil microbial and enzyme activities in the creeping bentgrass (Agrostis Stolonifera L.) rhizosphere AU - Dell, Emily A. AU - Carley, Danesha Seth AU - Rufty, Thomas AU - Shi, Wei T2 - Applied Soil Ecology AB - High summer temperatures often cause damage to bentgrass on putting greens in transition zone regions. One of the most damaging effects is a depression of rooting. Although heat stress effects on plant functions are considered as a main reason for the damage, heat stress also may be related to organic matter (OM) accumulation and poor gas exchange into the rhizosphere. The OM accumulation and the often-observed root dieback suggest that soil microbial processes play a role in summer bentgrass decline. In this study, the impact of high temperature on soil microbial properties and enzyme activities was examined using creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) growing in a phytotron controlled environment chamber. The high temperature exposures (34/30 °C versus 22/18 °C for controls) lasted for four weeks and the bentgrass cultures received mineral N at two rates. Our working hypothesis was that not only did high temperatures stimulate overall soil microbial and enzyme activity but also selectively modified microbial catabolic functions. To test this hypothesis, we compared temperature sensitivities and Q10 values of microbial substrate utilization patterns using a Biolog plate approach and soil enzyme activities. The results indicated that soil enzyme activities had similar responses to assay temperatures and their Q10 values averaged ∼2 with changes of laboratory assay temperatures from 12 to 22 °C and from 22 to 34 °C. Such positive responses of microbial activity to high temperatures were supported by parallel increases in rates of microbial substrate utilization. Total substrate availability in Biolog plates also increased with laboratory assay temperatures. This enhancement could not be explained by the overall stimulation of high temperature on microbial activity, but instead by selective modification of microbial community functions. Nitrogen fertilization significantly changed soil biological activities. Phenol oxidase activity was reduced by the high rate of N fertilization, whereas β-glucosidase and β-glucosaminidase activities were increased. Interactions on soil enzyme activities between growth chamber temperatures and N fertilization rates also occurred. Soil peroxidase activity was ∼three-fold greater for bentgrass subjected to heat stress and the low rate of N fertilization. Our results indicated that summer heat stress and the associated increases in root and OM degradation in bentgrass systems are related with overall temperature stimulations on soil microbial and enzyme activities as well as with modifications in functional components of the microbial community. DA - 2012/5// PY - 2012/5// DO - 10.1016/j.apsoil.2012.02.002 VL - 56 SP - 19-26 J2 - Applied Soil Ecology LA - en OP - SN - 0929-1393 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2012.02.002 DB - Crossref KW - Biolog plate KW - Heat stress KW - Microbial substrate utilization pattern KW - Soil enzyme activity KW - Temperature sensitivity KW - Turfgrass ER - TY - JOUR TI - Using decision tools suite to estimate the probability of the introduction of Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi) into China via imported host fruit T2 - Sensor Lett. DA - 2012/// PY - 2012/// UR - http://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/asp/senlet/2012/00000010/f0020001/art00086 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The current and future potential geographical distribution of the solanum fruit fly, Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae) in China T2 - CCTA2011 DA - 2012/// PY - 2012/// DO - 10.1007/978-3-642-27281-3_30 UR - https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-27281-3_30 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The analysis of information on fruit flies from ASEAN intercepted at Chinese ports T2 - Plant Quarantine DA - 2012/// PY - 2012/// UR - http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZWJY201205027.htm ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evolutionary tools for phytosanitary risk analysis: phylogenetic signal as a predictor of host range of plant pests and pathogens AU - Gilbert, Gregory S. AU - Magarey, Roger AU - Suiter, Karl AU - Webb, Campbell O. T2 - EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS AB - Assessing risk from a novel pest or pathogen requires knowing which local plant species are susceptible. Empirical data on the local host range of novel pests are usually lacking, but we know that some pests are more likely to attack closely related plant species than species separated by greater evolutionary distance. We use the Global Pest and Disease Database, an internal database maintained by the United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service - Plant Protection and Quarantine Division (USDA APHIS-PPQ), to evaluate the strength of the phylogenetic signal in host range for nine major groups of plant pests and pathogens. Eight of nine groups showed significant phylogenetic signal in host range. Additionally, pests and pathogens with more known hosts attacked a phylogenetically broader range of hosts. This suggests that easily obtained data - the number of known hosts and the phylogenetic distance between known hosts and other species of interest - can be used to predict which plant species are likely to be susceptible to a particular pest. This can facilitate rapid assessment of risk from novel pests and pathogens when empirical host range data are not yet available and guide efficient collection of empirical data for risk evaluation. DA - 2012/12// PY - 2012/12// DO - 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2012.00265.x VL - 5 IS - 8 SP - 869-878 SN - 1752-4571 KW - emergent pests and pathogens KW - phylogenetic ecology KW - plant disease ecology KW - fungal pathogens KW - herbivory KW - novel species interactions KW - biological invasions ER - TY - JOUR TI - Leaf biomechanical properties as mechanisms of resistance to black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) among Poa species AU - Hong, Seung Cheon AU - Williamson, R. Chris AU - Held, David W. T2 - ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA AB - Abstract Biomechanical properties can be important parameters in resistance of plants to herbivorous insects. As plants age, however, there can be dramatic changes in physical defenses that can then influence their susceptibility to insect herbivores. We measured changes in leaf biomechanical properties during ontogeny of P oa species and the relationship of these changes to the development of a generalist herbivore, the black cutworm, A grotis ipsilon H ufnagel ( L epidoptera: N octuidae), was investigated. Larvae were reared on two representative age classes, i.e., young (<60 days after planting) and old (>1 year after planting), of foliage in laboratory assays. Foliage generally reaches a peak fracture force between 80 and 109 days after planting depending on grass type. Foliage from old plants was significantly tougher than that of young plants, and black cutworm larvae reared on foliage from young plants gained significantly (ca. four times) more weight than those fed on foliage from old P oa plants. In addition, fracture force has a negative relationship with black cutworm development. Plant fiber, particularly neutral detergent fiber accounted for 65 and 46% of the variation in fracture force and larval development, respectively. These results provide additional insight into how plant ontogeny influences physical defenses to an insect herbivore in a grass system. Likewise, this is seemingly the first study to suggest a mechanism for host plant resistance to black cutworm. Plant fiber may be a useful trait to explore in plant improvement programs in which black cutworm is a primary pest (e.g., managed turfgrass). DA - 2012/12// PY - 2012/12// DO - 10.1111/eea.12005 VL - 145 IS - 3 SP - 201-208 SN - 0013-8703 KW - host plant resistance KW - IPM KW - integrated pest management KW - plant maturity KW - plant-insect interaction KW - Poaceae KW - Lepidoptera KW - Noctuidae KW - Poa pratensis KW - plant fiber ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dispersal of Invasive Forest Insects via Recreational Firewood: A Quantitative Analysis AU - Koch, Frank H. AU - Yemshanov, Denys AU - Magarey, Roger D. AU - Smith, William D. T2 - JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY AB - Recreational travel is a recognized vector for the spread of invasive species in North America. However, there has been little quantitative analysis of the risks posed by such travel and the associated transport of firewood. In this study, we analyzed the risk of forest insect spread with firewood and estimated related dispersal parameters for application in geographically explicit invasion models. Our primary data source was the U.S. National Recreation Reservation Service database, which records camper reservations at > 2,500 locations nationwide. For > 7 million individual reservations made between 2004 and 2009 (including visits from Canada), we calculated the distance between visitor home address and campground location. We constructed an empirical dispersal kernel (i.e., the probability distribution of the travel distances) from these "origin-destination" data, and then fitted the data with various theoretical distributions. We found the data to be strongly leptokurtic (fat-tailed) and fairly well fit by the unbounded Johnson and lognormal distributions. Most campers ( approximately 53%) traveled <100 km, but approximately 10% traveled > 500 km (and as far as 5,500 km). Additionally, we examined the impact of geographic region, specific destinations (major national parks), and specific origin locations (major cities) on the shape of the dispersal kernel, and found that mixture distributions (i.e., theoretical distribution functions composed of multiple univariate distributions) may fit better in some circumstances. Although only a limited amount of all transported firewood is likely to be infested by forest insects, this still represents a considerable increase in dispersal potential beyond the insects' natural spread capabilities. DA - 2012/4// PY - 2012/4// DO - 10.1603/ec11270 VL - 105 IS - 2 SP - 438-450 SN - 1938-291X KW - biological invasion KW - firewood KW - invasive forest pest KW - human-mediated dispersal KW - long-distance dispersal ER -