TY - SOUND TI - Tackling Epizootic lymphangitis - SPANA’s Horse Health and Welfare Project AU - Atlaw, N.A. DA - 2010/2/10/ PY - 2010/2/10/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Effects of filgrastim in bone marrow of dogs treated with high dose chemotherapy. AU - Escobar, C AU - Grindem, CB AU - Neel, JA AU - Suter, S T2 - International Society for Animal Clinical Pathology 14th Congress A2 - C, Grindem C.B. A2 - Ja, Neel A2 - S, Suter C2 - 2010/// C3 - Veterinary Clinical Pathology CY - Corvallis, Oregon DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/7/25/ VL - 39 SP - 524 M1 - 4 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Overview of a Successful Multi-institute Clinical Pathology Mock Board Examination AU - Neel, JA AU - Grindem, CB T2 - Veterinary Pathology DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// VL - 47 IS - Suppl. 6 SP - 30S ER - TY - CONF TI - Socioeconomic impact of Epizootic Lymphangitis on the horse drawn taxi business in central Ethiopia AU - Aklilu, N. AU - Abebaw, Z T2 - The 6th International Colloquium on Working Equids: Learning from Others C2 - 2010/// C3 - Proceedings of the 6th International Colloquium on Working Equids: Learning from Others CY - New Delhi, India DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/11/29/ SP - 83–86 PB - The Brooke ER - TY - CONF TI - Participatory assessment of the impact of epizootic lymphangitis in Ethiopia AU - Scantlebury C., E. AU - Pinchbeck G., P. AU - Reed, K. AU - Gebreab, F. AU - Zerfu, A. AU - Aklilu, N. AU - Mideksa, K. AU - Christley, R T2 - The 6th International Colloquium on Working Equids: Learning from Others C2 - 2010/// C3 - Proceedings of the 6th International Colloquium on Working Equids: learning from others CY - New Delhi, India DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/11/29/ SP - 184–186 PB - The Brooke ER - TY - CHAP TI - Primary myocardial disease in the dog AU - Meurs, K.M. T2 - Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine PY - 2010/// ET - 7th SP - 1320–1328 PB - WB Saunders ER - TY - CHAP TI - Genetic screening of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy AU - Meurs, K.M. T2 - Consultations in Feline Internal Medicine PY - 2010/// SP - 406–408 PB - WB Saunders ER - TY - JOUR TI - W1250 Genome-Wide Association Scan Reveals Polymorphisms in the P67phox Subunit (Ncf2) of the NADPH Oxidase Complex in Boxer Dogs With Adherent and Invasive E.Coli-Associated Granulomatous Colitis: A Potential Model of Chronic Granulomatous Disease AU - Craven, Melanie AU - Acland, Gregory M. AU - Mezey, Jason AU - Boyko, Adam AU - Wang, Wei AU - Meurs, Kathryn AU - McDonough, Sean AU - Simpson, Kenneth W. T2 - Gastroenterology AB - within the same year.Six of ten CD pairs shared similar smoking history (4 smokers, 2 exsmokers), and 6 of nine pairs were concordant for severity of disease.Of the five dizygotic twins with CD, disease location and behaviour were also identical in all twin pairs.In nine monozygotic twins with UC (4 females; 5 males), there was good agreement for the use of thiopurine (kappa 0.73; 95%CI 0.10, 1.00) and disease extent (5 total colitis; 1 distal colitis; 1 proctitis) (κappa 0.60; 95% CI 0.13, 1.00).Agreement was poor for disease severity, smoking status, need for steroids and extraintestinal symptoms in UC twins.UC twins were diagnosed at (mean±SEM) 5±1 years of each other.There was no concordance for colectomy in UC twins (2 patients out of 9 UC twin pairs).The majority of concordant IBD twins shared same bedrooms and attended the same school up to a median age of 17 years (range 9-24).CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that age of disease onset, disease location and disease behaviour in CD, and disease extent in UC, but not extraintestinal manifestations, appeared to be strongly genetically-influenced. DA - 2010/5// PY - 2010/5// DO - 10.1016/S0016-5085(10)63141-1 VL - 138 IS - 5 SP - S-683 J2 - Gastroenterology LA - en OP - SN - 0016-5085 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5085(10)63141-1 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genetics of Cardiac Disease in the Small Animal Patient AU - Meurs, Kathryn M. T2 - Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice AB - There is increasing evidence that many forms of congenital and acquired cardiovascular disease in small animal patients are of familial origin. The large number of familial diseases in domestic purebred animals is thought to be associated with the desire to breed related animals to maintain a specific appearance and the selection of animals from a small group of popular founders (founder effect). Clinicians can use knowledge that a particular trait or disease may be inherited to provide guidance to owners and animal breeders to reduce the frequency of the trait. Even if the molecular cause is not known, identification of a pattern of inheritance and information on clinical screening can be useful for a breeder trying to make breeding decisions. Common forms of inheritance for veterinary diseases include autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, X-linked recessive, and polygenic. These genetic traits and their possible involvement in cardiac disease in small animals are discussed in this article. DA - 2010/7// PY - 2010/7// DO - 10.1016/j.cvsm.2010.03.006 VL - 40 IS - 4 SP - 701-715 J2 - Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice LA - en OP - SN - 0195-5616 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2010.03.006 DB - Crossref KW - Familial KW - Mutation KW - Cardiomyopathy KW - Congenital heart disease ER - TY - JOUR TI - Differential methylation of CpG sites in two isoforms of myosin binding protein C, an important hypertrophic cardiomyopathy gene AU - Meurs, Kathryn M. AU - Kuan, Mani T2 - Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis AB - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common form of cardiac disease. Over 400 causative mutations have been identified in 20 sarcomere and myofilament related genes. The high density of mutations found in genes associated with HCM may suggest that mechanisms promoting increased mutability play a role in disease prevalence. The objective of this study was to evaluate the CpG methylation level of the exonic regions of the cardiac myosin binding protein C gene (MYBPC3), a common causal gene for HCM. To determine if the methylation level is gene specific and possibly involved with gene mutability, we also evaluated the methylation of the CpGs within the exonic regions of the skeletal muscle isoform of the myosin binding protein C gene (MYBPC2); there are no known mutations that lead to the development of familial human disease within this gene. We determined that although the mean number of CG sites was identical within the coding region of each gene, the mean methylation level of CpGs was significantly higher in MYBPC3 than MYBPC2 (P < 0.0001). The results of this study suggest that there are unique aspects of this cardiac gene or its epigenetic environment which may result in increased genetic mutability. Evaluation of the methylation levels of additional causal cardiomyopathic genes is warranted. DA - 2010/8/25/ PY - 2010/8/25/ DO - 10.1002/em.20596 VL - 52 IS - 2 SP - 161-164 J2 - Environ. Mol. Mutagen. LA - en OP - SN - 0893-6692 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/em.20596 DB - Crossref KW - CpG KW - cardiac KW - deamination KW - cardiomyopathy ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genome-wide association identifies a deletion in the 3′ untranslated region of Striatin in a canine model of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy AU - Meurs, Kathryn M. AU - Mauceli, Evan AU - Lahmers, Sunshine AU - Acland, Gregory M. AU - White, Stephen N. AU - Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin T2 - Human Genetics AB - Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a familial cardiac disease characterized by ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. It is most frequently inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with incomplete and age-related penetrance and variable clinical expression. The human disease is most commonly associated with a causative mutation in one of several genes encoding desmosomal proteins. We have previously described a spontaneous canine model of ARVC in the boxer dog. We phenotyped adult boxer dogs for ARVC by performing physical examination, echocardiogram and ambulatory electrocardiogram. Genome-wide association using the canine 50k SNP array identified several regions of association, of which the strongest resided on chromosome 17. Fine mapping and direct DNA sequencing identified an 8-bp deletion in the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of the Striatin gene on chromosome 17 in association with ARVC in the boxer dog. Evaluation of the secondary structure of the 3′ UTR demonstrated that the deletion affects a stem loop structure of the mRNA and expression analysis identified a reduction in Striatin mRNA. Dogs that were homozygous for the deletion had a more severe form of disease based on a significantly higher number of ventricular premature complexes. Immunofluorescence studies localized Striatin to the intercalated disc region of the cardiac myocyte and co-localized it to three desmosomal proteins, Plakophilin-2, Plakoglobin and Desmoplakin, all involved in the pathogenesis of ARVC in human beings. We suggest that Striatin may serve as a novel candidate gene for human ARVC. DA - 2010/7/2/ PY - 2010/7/2/ DO - 10.1007/s00439-010-0855-y VL - 128 IS - 3 SP - 315-324 J2 - Hum Genet LA - en OP - SN - 0340-6717 1432-1203 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00439-010-0855-y DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Correlation of heart rate to body weight in apparently normal dogs AU - Lamb, Allison P. AU - Meurs, Kathryn M. AU - Hamlin, Robert L. T2 - Journal of Veterinary Cardiology AB - To evaluate the correlation between heart rate and body weight in the apparently healthy dog. Sixty dogs weighing between 2 and 80 kg. Heart rate was evaluated with a 24-h ambulatory electrocardiogram. Minimum, average, maximum heart rate, ventricular premature complex (VPC) number and supraventricular premature complex (SVC) number were tabulated for each dog. Minimum, maximum and average heart rate did not correlate to body weight. For all dogs, the median minimum heart rate was 42 bpm (beats per minute), median average heart rate was 73 bpm, and median maximum heart rate was 190. The median number of VPCs and SVC was zero. The present study does not support a correlation between heart rate and body weight in apparently healthy dogs. DA - 2010/8// PY - 2010/8// DO - 10.1016/j.jvc.2010.04.001 VL - 12 IS - 2 SP - 107-110 J2 - Journal of Veterinary Cardiology LA - en OP - SN - 1760-2734 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvc.2010.04.001 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ambulatory electrocardiographic evaluation of clinically normal adult Boxers AU - Stern, Joshua A. AU - Meurs, Kathryn M. AU - Spier, Alan W. AU - Koplitz, Shianne L. AU - Baumwart, Ryan D. T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AB - To determine the prevalence of ventricular arrhythmias in clinically normal adult Boxers.Prospective cross-sectional study.301 Boxers (181 females and 120 males) > 1 year old with echocardiographically normal systolic function and no history of syncope or congestive heart failure.Physical examination, which included echocardiography, was performed on all dogs. A 24-hour ambulatory ECG was performed on each dog, and results were evaluated to assess ventricular arrhythmias. Statistical evaluation was performed to determine correlations between the total number of ventricular premature complexes (VPCs)/24 h, grade of ventricular arrhythmia, and age of the dogs.Age of dogs ranged from 1 to 16 years (median, 4 years). Number of VPCs/24 h in each dog ranged from 0 to 62,622 (median, 6 VPCs/24 h). Grade of arrhythmias ranged from 0 to 3 (median, 1). Age was correlated significantly with number of VPCs/24 h (r = 0.43) and with grade of arrhythmia (r = 0.37). Number of VPCs/24 h was significantly correlated with grade of arrhythmia (r = 0.82).Clinically normal adult Boxers generally had < 91 VPCs/24 h and an arrhythmia grade < 2. Boxers with > 91 VPCs/24 h were uncommon and may have represented dogs with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy or other disease processes that could have resulted in the development of ventricular arrhythmias. DA - 2010/2/15/ PY - 2010/2/15/ DO - 10.2460/javma.236.4.430 VL - 236 IS - 4 SP - 430-433 J2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association LA - en OP - SN - 0003-1488 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.236.4.430 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - A new technique for emergency venous access AU - Marks, S.L. AU - Hanel, R. T2 - EZ-IO: Procedures Pro: Clinicians Breif DA - 2010/11// PY - 2010/11// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluation of IgG concentration and IgG subisotypes in foals with complete or partial failure of passive transfer after administration of intravenous serum or plasma AU - McClure, J. T. AU - DeLuca, J. L. AU - Lunn, D. P. AU - Miller, J. T2 - Equine Veterinary Journal AB - Summary The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of an equine plasma product i.v. and a concentrated serum product i.v. to deliver antibodies to 46 foals with failure of passive transfer (FPT). Treatment of FPT was as per manufacturers recommendations, using plasma (950 ml/unit) or a concentrated serum product (250 ml/unit). Significant variables affecting the 3 day post‐transfusion serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration of foals included body weight, pretransfusion IgG concentration, number of product units transfused, foaling season and product administered. Plasma treatment had a greater increase in post‐transfusion serum IgG concentrations compared to the serum product treatment mainly because plasma contained approximately twice the amount of IgG per unit as the serum product. The change in equine influenza virus and tetanus toxoid‐specific IgGa, IgGb, and IgG(T) titres was measured in foals from pretransfusion to 3 days post‐transfusion. For each gram of IgG transfused, the change in antigen‐specific IgG subisotypes were similar for both treatment groups. The results of this study suggest that similar foal serum IgG concentrations can be achieved 3 days post‐transfusion by administering 1 unit of plasma or 2–3 units of serum product. DA - 2010/1/5/ PY - 2010/1/5/ DO - 10.2746/042516401776249273 VL - 33 IS - 7 SP - 681-686 SN - 0425-1644 2042-3306 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2746/042516401776249273 KW - horse KW - foal KW - failure of passive transfer KW - transfusion KW - IgG subisotype KW - plasma KW - serum ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of opioids and anesthetic drugs on body temperature in cats AU - Posner, Lysa P AU - Pavuk, Alana A AU - Rokshar, Jennifer L AU - Carter, Jennifer E AU - Levine, Jay F T2 - Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia AB - Objective To determine which class of opioid alone or in conjunction with other anesthetic drugs causes post-anesthetic hyperthermia in cats. Study design Prospective, randomized, crossover study. Animals Eight adult, healthy, cats (four spayed females and four castrated males weighing 3.8 ± 0.6 kg). Methods Each cat was instrumented with a wireless thermistor in the abdominal cavity. Temperature in all phases was recorded every 5 minutes for 5 hours. Population body temperature (PBT) was recorded for ∼8 days. Baseline body temperature is the final 24 hours of the PBT. All injectable drugs were given intramuscularly. The cats were administered drugs in four phases: 1) hydromorphone (H) 0.05, 0.1, or 0.2 mg kg−1; 2) morphine (M) (0.5 mg kg−1), buprenorphine (BUP) (0.02 mg kg−1), or butorphanol (BUT) (0.2 mg kg−1); 3) ketamine (K) (5 mg kg−1) or ketamine (5 mg kg−1) plus hydromorphone (0.1 mg kg−1) (KH); 4) isoflurane in oxygen for 1 hour. Fifteen minutes prior to inhalant anesthetic, cats received either no premed (I), hydromorphone (0.1 mg kg−1) (IH), or hydromorphone (0.1 mg kg−1) plus ketamine (5 mg kg−1) (IHK). Results Mean PBT for all unmedicated cats was 38.9 ± 0.6 °C (102.0 ± 1 °F). The temperature of cats administered all doses of hydromorphone increased from baseline (p < 0.03) All four opioids (H, M, BUP and BUT) studied increased body temperature compared with baseline (p < 0.005). A significant difference was observed between baseline temperature values and those in treatment KH (p < 0.03). Following recovery from anesthesia, temperature in treatments IH and IHK was different from baseline (p < 0.002). Conclusions and clinical relevance All of the opioids tested, alone or in combination with ketamine or isoflurane, caused an increase in body temperature. The increase seen was mild to moderate (<40.1 °C (104.2 °F) and self limiting. DA - 2010/1// PY - 2010/1// DO - 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2009.00508.x VL - 37 IS - 1 SP - 35-43 J2 - Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia LA - en OP - SN - 1467-2987 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2995.2009.00508.x DB - Crossref KW - buprenorphine KW - butorphanol KW - feline KW - hydromorphone KW - hyperthermia KW - isoflurane KW - ketamine KW - morphine KW - opioids ER - TY - JOUR TI - Low-dose DNA vaccination into the submandibular lymph nodes in ponies AU - Landolt, G. A. AU - Hussey, S. B. AU - Kreutzer, K. AU - Quintana, A. AU - Lunn, D. P. T2 - Veterinary Record AB - Veterinary RecordVolume 167, Issue 8 p. 302-303 Short Communication Low-dose DNA vaccination into the submandibular lymph nodes in ponies G. A. Landolt DVM, PhD, DipACVIM, G. A. Landolt DVM, PhD, DipACVIM Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO, 80523 USASearch for more papers by this authorS. B. Hussey DVM, S. B. Hussey DVM Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO, 80523 USASearch for more papers by this authorK. Kreutzer BS, K. Kreutzer BS Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO, 80523 USASearch for more papers by this authorA. Quintana BS, A. Quintana BS Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO, 80523 USASearch for more papers by this authorD. P. Lunn BVSc, PhD, DipACVIM, MRCVS, Corresponding Author D. P. Lunn BVSc, PhD, DipACVIM, MRCVS lunnp@colostate.edu Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO, 80523 USA Provenance: not commissioned; externally peer reviewedCorrespondence to Dr Lunn, e-mail: lunnp@colostate.eduSearch for more papers by this author G. A. Landolt DVM, PhD, DipACVIM, G. A. Landolt DVM, PhD, DipACVIM Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO, 80523 USASearch for more papers by this authorS. B. Hussey DVM, S. B. Hussey DVM Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO, 80523 USASearch for more papers by this authorK. Kreutzer BS, K. Kreutzer BS Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO, 80523 USASearch for more papers by this authorA. Quintana BS, A. Quintana BS Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO, 80523 USASearch for more papers by this authorD. P. Lunn BVSc, PhD, DipACVIM, MRCVS, Corresponding Author D. P. Lunn BVSc, PhD, DipACVIM, MRCVS lunnp@colostate.edu Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO, 80523 USA Provenance: not commissioned; externally peer reviewedCorrespondence to Dr Lunn, e-mail: lunnp@colostate.eduSearch for more papers by this author First published: 21 August 2010 https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.c3891Citations: 1 Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume167, Issue8August 2010Pages 302-303 RelatedInformation DA - 2010/8/21/ PY - 2010/8/21/ DO - 10.1136/vr.c3891 VL - 167 IS - 8 SP - 302-303 J2 - Veterinary Record LA - en OP - SN - 0042-4900 2042-7670 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.c3891 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evidence for MHC class-l restricted cytotoxicity in the one-way, primary mixed lymphocyte reaction AU - O'Brien, M. A. AU - Holmes, M. A. AU - Lunn, D. P. AU - Duffus, W. P. H. T2 - Equine Veterinary Journal AB - Summary The one‐way primary equine mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) was used to generate allospecific major histocompatibilty complex (MHC) class‐I‐restricted cytotoxicity in vitro . Allospecific cytotoxicity, demonstrated against Con A stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in a 6 h chromium‐release assay, was present from approximately 72 to 168 h of primary culture and peaked between 120 and 168 h. Optimal cytotoxicity was generated at a responder to stimulator ratio of 4:1 and at an effector to target ratio of 50:1. The cytotoxicity was blocked by an anti‐equine leucocyte antigen (ELA) class‐I and an anti‐equine CD8‐homologue monoclonal antibody. An anti‐ELA class‐11 and an anti‐equine CD4‐homologue monoclonal antibody had no significant effect. DA - 2010/6/10/ PY - 2010/6/10/ DO - 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb04754.x VL - 23 IS - S12 SP - 30-34 LA - en OP - SN - 0425-1644 2042-3306 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb04754.x DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Haematological changes and equine lymphocyte subpopulation kinetics during primary infection and attempted re-infection of specific pathogen free foals with EHV-1 AU - Lunn, D. P. AU - Holmes, M. A. AU - Gibson, J. AU - Field, H. J. AU - Kydd, Julia H. AU - Duffus, W. P. H. T2 - Equine Veterinary Journal AB - Summary Four specific pathogen‐ (Equid Herpesvirus type 1 [EHV‐1]) free foals aged 2 to 3 months were intranasally inoculated with 7 times 10 7 p.f.u. of EHV‐1. Virus isolation was attempted from peripheral blood and nasal mucus, and clinical signs of disease and haematological changes were monitored. Also, lymphocyte subpopulations were enumerated using flow cytometric analysis of lymphocytes identified using a polyclonal anti‐equine immunoglobulin reagent and monoclonal antibodies recognising the equine homologues of CD4, CD5 and CD8. The primary intranasal inoculation of virus resulted in an EHV‐1 infection demonstrated by viraemia, persistent nasal shedding of virus, seroconversion and clinical signs of disease. Associated with this infection there was a fall in lymphocyte and neutrophil counts, which subsequently rose to normal levels with alleviation of the clinical signs of disease. The decline in lymphocyte count resulted from a fall in T‐lymphocyte numbers only, and the subsequent increase was initially also a T‐lymphocyte‐restricted event with a later increase in the number of B lymphocytes. The fall in T lymphocyte count affected the CD4+ and CD8+ subpopulations equally; however, during the subsequent rise there was a proportionately greater increase in the CD8+ subpopulation. Following recovery from the primary infection, the foals were re‐challenged with a repeat inoculation two months after the primary infection. This second inoculation did not result in clinical disease, detectable viraemia, increased antibody titres or persistent nasal shedding of virus, suggesting an effective immune response or subclinical infection. The marked patterns of leucocyte and lymphocyte subsets of the primary infection were not evident; however, there was a definite decline in the numbers of CD8+ lymphocytes that lasted for several days. The implications of these findings are discussed. DA - 2010/6/10/ PY - 2010/6/10/ DO - 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb04755.x VL - 23 IS - S12 SP - 35-40 LA - en OP - SN - 0425-1644 2042-3306 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb04755.x DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pharyngeal lymphoid tissue: gatekeeper or showstopper? AU - Lunn, D. P. T2 - Equine Veterinary Journal AB - Equine Veterinary JournalVolume 33, Issue 3 p. 218-220 Pharyngeal lymphoid tissue: gatekeeper or showstopper? D. P. Lunn, D. P. Lunn Department of Medical Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine University of Wisconsin 2015 Linden Drive West, Madison Wisconsin 53706, USASearch for more papers by this author D. P. Lunn, D. P. Lunn Department of Medical Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine University of Wisconsin 2015 Linden Drive West, Madison Wisconsin 53706, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 05 January 2010 https://doi.org/10.2746/042516401776249660Citations: 1AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. References Bailey, G.D. and Love, D.N. 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Citing Literature Volume33, Issue3May 2001Pages 218-220 ReferencesRelatedInformation DA - 2010/1/5/ PY - 2010/1/5/ DO - 10.2746/042516401776249660 VL - 33 IS - 3 SP - 218-220 LA - en OP - SN - 0425-1644 2042-3306 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2746/042516401776249660 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Passive transfer of maternal immunoglobulin isotype antibodies against tetanus and influenza and their effect on the response of foals to vaccination AU - Wilson, W. D. AU - Mihalyi, J. E. AU - Hussey, S. AU - Lunn, D. P. T2 - Equine Veterinary Journal AB - Influenza and tetanus-specific antibodies of the IgG sub-isotypes are posively transferred to foals via colostrum and inhibit their response to inactivated influenza vaccines and tetanus toxoid. High titres of influenza antibodies of IgGa and IgGb subisotypes and tetanus antibodies of the IgGa, IgGb and IgG(T) subisotypes were detected in postsucking serum samples collected from foals born to mares that had received booster doses of multicomponent vaccines during the last 2 months of gestation. Thereafter, titres declined in an exponential manner but were still detectable in all foals at age 26 weeks, regardless of whether they had been vaccinated prior to age 26 weeks. Mean +/- s.e. half-life of decline of influenza IgGa antibodies (27.0 +/- 2.3 days) was significantly shorter than that of influenza IgGb antibodies (39.1 +/- 2.7 days; P<0.005). Tetanus IgGa and IgGb antibodies declined with half-lives of 28.8 +/- 3.0 and 34.8 +/- 5.1 days, respectively. Titres of tetanus IgG(T) antibodies were substantially higher than those of influenza IgG(T) antibodies in postsucking samples and remained so through age 26 weeks, declining with a half-life of approximately 35 days. Postsucking titres of tetanus and influenza antibodies of the IgA isotype were low and declined rapidly to undetectable levels. Yearlings showed significant increases in titre of influenza IgGa, IgGb and IgG(T) subisotype antibodies but no increase in influenza IgA antibodies in response to 2 doses of multicomponent vaccines containing tetanus toxoid and inactivated influenza A-1 and A-2 antigens. Yearlings also showed strong tetanus IgGa, IgGb and IgG(T) subisotype responses to one dose of vaccine and a substantial further rise in titre in response to administration of a second dose 3 weeks later, but failed to show an increase in titre of tetanus IgA antibodies. The influenza and tetanus IgGa, IgGb and IgG(T) subisotype responses of 6-month-old foals to vaccination followed the same pattern as those shown by yearlings but titres were generally lower. In contrast, 3-month-old foals failed to show increases in titre of either influenza or tetanus IgG subisotypes in response to 2 doses of vaccine and generally needed 1-3 additional booster doses of vaccine to achieve titres similar to those achieved by yearlings after 2 doses. Based on the finding that maternal antibodies exert a significant inhibitory effect on the response of foals to tetanus toxoid and inactivated influenza antigens, it is recommended that primary immunisation of foals born to vaccinated mares should not commence before age 6 months. DA - 2010/1/5/ PY - 2010/1/5/ DO - 10.2746/042516401776249435 VL - 33 IS - 7 SP - 644-650 LA - en OP - SN - 0425-1644 2042-3306 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2746/042516401776249435 DB - Crossref KW - horse KW - foals KW - vaccination KW - maternal antibodies KW - immunoglobulin KW - influenza KW - tetanus ER - TY - JOUR TI - A new modified live equine influenza virus vaccine: phenotypic stability, restricted spread and efficacy against heterologous virus challenge AU - Chambers, T. M. AU - Holland, R. E. AU - Tudor, L. R. AU - Townsend, H. G. G. AU - Cook, A. AU - Bogdan, J. AU - Lunn, D. P. AU - Hussey, S. AU - Whitaker Dowling, P. AU - Youngner, J. S. AU - Sebring, R. W. AU - Penner, S. J. AU - Stiegler, G. L. T2 - Equine Veterinary Journal AB - Flu Avert IN vaccine is a new, live attenuated virus vaccine for equine influenza. We tested this vaccine in vivo to ascertain 1) its safety and stability when subjected to serial horse to horse passage, 2) whether it spread spontaneously from horse to horse and 3) its ability to protect against heterologous equine influenza challenge viruses of epidemiological relevance. For the stability study, the vaccine was administered to 5 ponies. Nasal swabs were collected and pooled fluids administered directly to 4 successive groups of naïve ponies by intranasal inoculation. Viruses isolated from the last group retained the vaccine's full attenuation phenotype, with no reversion to the wild-type virus phenotype or production of clinical influenza disease. The vaccine virus spread spontaneously to only 1 of 13 nonvaccinated horses/ponies when these were comingled with 39 vaccinates in the same field. For the heterologous protection study, a challenge model system was utilised in which vaccinated or naïve control horses and ponies were exposed to the challenge virus by inhalation of virus-containing aerosols. Challenge viruses included influenza A/equine-2/Kentucky/98, a recent representative of the 'American' lineage of equine-2 influenza viruses; and A/equine-2/Saskatoon/90, representative of the 'Eurasian' lineage. Clinical signs among challenged animals were recorded daily using a standardised scoring protocol. With both challenge viruses, control animals reliably contracted clinical signs of influenza, whereas vaccinated animals were reliably protected from clinical disease. These results demonstrate that Flu Avert IN vaccine is safe and phenotypically stable, has low spontaneous transmissibility and is effective in protecting horses against challenge viruses representative of those in circulation worldwide. DA - 2010/1/5/ PY - 2010/1/5/ DO - 10.2746/042516401776249291 VL - 33 IS - 7 SP - 630-636 LA - en OP - SN - 0425-1644 2042-3306 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2746/042516401776249291 DB - Crossref KW - horse KW - intranasal KW - antigenic drift KW - backpassage KW - challenge KW - cold-adapted KW - modified-live virus ER - TY - JOUR TI - Onset of immunoglobulin production in foals AU - Holznagel, D. L. AU - Hussey, S. AU - Mihalyi, J. E. AU - Wilson, W. D. AU - Lunn, D. P. T2 - Equine Veterinary Journal AB - Equine Veterinary JournalVolume 35, Issue 6 p. 620-622 Onset of immunoglobulin production in foals D. L. HOLZNAGEL, D. L. HOLZNAGEL Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USASearch for more papers by this authorS. HUSSEY, S. HUSSEY Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USASearch for more papers by this authorJ. E. MIHALYI, J. E. MIHALYI Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USASearch for more papers by this authorW. D. WILSON, W. D. WILSON Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USASearch for more papers by this authorD. P. LUNN, Corresponding Author D. P. LUNN Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USADepartment of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USASearch for more papers by this author D. L. HOLZNAGEL, D. L. HOLZNAGEL Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USASearch for more papers by this authorS. HUSSEY, S. HUSSEY Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USASearch for more papers by this authorJ. E. MIHALYI, J. E. MIHALYI Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USASearch for more papers by this authorW. D. WILSON, W. D. WILSON Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USASearch for more papers by this authorD. P. LUNN, Corresponding Author D. P. LUNN Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USADepartment of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 05 January 2010 https://doi.org/10.2746/042516403775467153Citations: 33AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume35, Issue6September 2003Pages 620-622 RelatedInformation DA - 2010/1/5/ PY - 2010/1/5/ DO - 10.2746/042516403775467153 VL - 35 IS - 6 SP - 620-622 LA - en OP - SN - 0425-1644 2042-3306 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2746/042516403775467153 DB - Crossref KW - horse KW - foal KW - IgG subclass KW - antibody KW - maternal antibody ER - TY - JOUR TI - Report of the Second Havemeyer EHV-1 Workshop, Steamboat Springs, Colorado, USA, September 2008 AU - Kydd, J. H. AU - Slater, J. AU - Osterrieder, N. AU - Antczak, D. F. AU - Lunn, D. P. T2 - Equine Veterinary Journal AB - This report summarises the findings of the Second Havemeyer EHV-1 Workshop, which was held in Steamboat Springs, Colorado, USA in September 2008. A total of 38 delegates, consisting of veterinary clinicians and scientists from academia and industry participated in a series of sessions that focused on equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy (EHM). Each session consisted of a review, followed by short presentations on current research topics. The sessions included EHM epidemiology, in vivo and in vitro models for studying EHM, EHV-1 virulence determinants, real-time PCR diagnostics, antiviral medications and new vaccination technologies. The report summarises the key advances identified during and since the meeting. Citations are restricted to selected reviews and papers published since the workshop. DA - 2010/8/16/ PY - 2010/8/16/ DO - 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00157.x VL - 42 IS - 6 SP - 572-575 LA - en OP - SN - 0425-1644 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00157.x DB - Crossref KW - horse KW - EHV-1 KW - report KW - Havemeyer Foundation KW - equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy ER - TY - JOUR TI - Control of EHV-1 viremia and nasal shedding by commercial vaccines AU - Goehring, L.S. AU - Wagner, B. AU - Bigbie, R. AU - Hussey, S.B. AU - Rao, S. AU - Morley, P.S. AU - Lunn, D.P. T2 - Vaccine AB - Equine herpesvirus-1 is a cause of outbreaks of abortion and neurological disease. The pathogenesis of both these diseases depends on establishment of viremia. An experiment was performed to determine the protective efficacy of two commercially available vaccines used with an optimized 3-dose vaccination regime: a modified-live viral (MLV) and a high antigen load killed vaccine licensed for abortion control. The study design was a blinded, randomized challenge trial. Three groups of 8 yearling ponies received one of three treatments: MLV vaccine (Rhinomune, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc.); killed vaccine (Pneumabort-K, Pfizer Animal Health); or a placebo (control group). Three vaccinations were administered at intervals of 27 and 70 days followed by challenge infection 24 days later. Clinical disease after challenge was significantly reduced in both vaccine groups; the reduction was greater in the MLV vaccine group. Nasal shedding was reduced by at least 1-2 logs in both vaccine groups. The number of days of viremia was significantly reduced in the killed vaccine group only. This study demonstrated that both commercial vaccines significantly suppressed EHV-1 disease and nasal viral shedding, and one vaccine suppressed days of viremia. DA - 2010/7// PY - 2010/7// DO - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.05.065 VL - 28 IS - 32 SP - 5203-5211 J2 - Vaccine LA - en OP - SN - 0264-410X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.05.065 DB - Crossref KW - EHV-1 KW - Horses KW - Immunity KW - Vaccination ER - TY - JOUR TI - Onset and duration of immunity to equine influenza virus resulting from canarypox-vectored (ALVAC®) vaccination AU - Soboll, Gisela AU - Hussey, Stephen B. AU - Minke, Jules M. AU - Landolt, Gabriele A. AU - Hunter, James S. AU - Jagannatha, Shyla AU - Lunn, David P. T2 - Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology AB - Equine influenza virus remains an important problem in horses despite extensive use of vaccination. Efficacy of equine influenza vaccination depends on the onset and duration of protective immunity, and appropriate strain specificity of the immune response. This study was designed to test the protective immunity resulting from vaccination with the North American commercial ALVAC equine influenza vaccine (RECOMBITEK Influenza, Merial, USA)(1) against challenge with American lineage influenza viruses. In experiment 1, 12 ponies were vaccinated twice, at a 35 day interval, using the ALVAC-influenza vaccine expressing the HA genes of influenza A/eq/Newmarket/2/93 and A/eq/Kentucky/94 (H3N8), and 11 ponies served as unvaccinated controls. Six months after the second vaccination, all ponies were challenged with A/eq/Kentucky/91. In experiment 2, 10 ponies received one dose of the ALVAC-influenza vaccine, 10 ponies served as unvaccinated controls, and all ponies were challenge infected with A/equine/Ohio/03, 14 days after vaccination. Parameters studied included serological responses, and clinical disease and nasal viral shedding following challenge infection. In experiment 1, following the two-dose regimen, vaccinated ponies generated high titered anti-influenza virus IgGa and IgGb antibody responses to vaccination and demonstrated statistically significant clinical and virological protection to challenge infection compared to controls. Infection with A/eq/Kentucky/91 produced unusually severe signs in ponies in the control group, requiring therapy with NSAID's and antibiotics, and leading to the euthanasia of one pony. In experiment 2 following the one-dose regimen, vaccinates generated IgGa responses pre-challenge, and anamnestic IgGa and IgGb responses after challenge. Vaccinates demonstrated statistically significant clinical and virological protection to challenge infection compared to controls. The results of this study clearly demonstrate the early onset, and 6-month duration of protective immunity resulting from ALVAC-influenza vaccination against challenge with American lineage equine influenza viruses. DA - 2010/5// PY - 2010/5// DO - 10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.11.007 VL - 135 IS - 1-2 SP - 100-107 J2 - Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology LA - en OP - SN - 0165-2427 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.11.007 DB - Crossref KW - ALVAC (R)-influenza vaccination KW - Horse KW - Influenza virus ER - TY - JOUR TI - Vaccination of ponies with the IE gene of EHV-1 in a recombinant modified live vaccinia vector protects against clinical and virological disease AU - Soboll, G. AU - Breathnach, C.C. AU - Kydd, J.H. AU - Hussey, S.B. AU - Mealey, R.M. AU - Lunn, D.P. T2 - Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology AB - The control of EHV-1 infection by cytotoxic T-cell responses (CTL) via a reduction in cell associated viremia remains an important goal in horses. Unfortunately, current vaccines are inefficient at inducing these responses. We have identified the immediate early (IE) gene of EHV-1 as a potent stimulator of virus-specific CTL responses in ponies expressing a specific MHC class I serological haplotype (A3/B2). This study was designed to determine if vaccination of A3/B2 MHC I positive ponies with the IE gene could induce protection and immune responses associated with cell mediated immunity. Ponies expressing the MHC-I A3/B2 haplotype (A3/B2 vaccinates) and ponies with a different MHC I haplotype (either non-A3 vaccinates or A3-non-B2 vaccinates) were vaccinated with a recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara (rMVA) vector expressing the IE gene on 3 occasions and vaccinates and unvaccinated controls were challenge infected 8 weeks after the last vaccination. Interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) mRNA and antibody titers were determined throughout the study and clinical signs, nasal virus shedding and viremia were determined following challenge infection. Vaccination of A3/B2 vaccinates conferred significant clinical protection and a significant reduction in EHV-1 viremia. IFN-gamma mRNA increased significantly following vaccination in the A3/B2 vaccinates. Antibody titers remained low until after challenge infection, indicating that no accidental field acquired or recrudescent EHV-1 infection had occurred. In summary, this is an important study showing that vaccination of ponies with the EHV-1 IE protein provides not only reduction in clinical disease but also reduction of cell associated viremia, which is a prerequisite for the prevention of abortion and neurological disease. DA - 2010/5// PY - 2010/5// DO - 10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.11.009 VL - 135 IS - 1-2 SP - 108-117 J2 - Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology LA - en OP - SN - 0165-2427 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.11.009 DB - Crossref KW - EHV-1 KW - Horses KW - Immediate early gene KW - Vaccination KW - IFN gamma ER - TY - JOUR TI - Immune responses of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) to commercial tetanus toxoid vaccine AU - Lindsay, William A. AU - Wiedner, Ellen AU - Isaza, Ramiro AU - Townsend, Hugh G.G. AU - Boleslawski, Maria AU - Lunn, D.P. T2 - Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology AB - Although captive elephants are commonly vaccinated annually against tetanus using commercially available tetanus toxoid vaccines marketed for use in horses and livestock, no data exists to prove that tetanus toxoid vaccination produces measurable antibody titers in elephants. An ELISA test was created to measure antibody responses to tetanus toxoid vaccinations in 22 Asian elephants ranging in age from 24 to 56 years (mean age 39 years) over a 7-month period. All animals had been previously vaccinated with tetanus toxoid vaccine, with the last booster administered 4 years before the start of the study. The great majority of elephants had titers prior to booster vaccination, and following revaccination all elephants demonstrated anamnestic increases in titers, indicating that this species does respond to tetanus vaccination. Surprisingly older animals mounted a significantly higher response to revaccination than did younger animals. DA - 2010/2// PY - 2010/2// DO - 10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.08.005 VL - 133 IS - 2-4 SP - 287-289 J2 - Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology LA - en OP - SN - 0165-2427 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.08.005 DB - Crossref KW - Asian elephant KW - Elephas maximus KW - Tetanus toxoid KW - Vaccination KW - Vaccine titer KW - Immunosenescence ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Effect of Age on the Immune Response of Horses to Vaccination AU - Muirhead, T.L. AU - McClure, J.T. AU - Wichtel, J.J. AU - Stryhn, H. AU - Markham, R.J.F. AU - McFarlane, D. AU - Lunn, D.P. T2 - Journal of Comparative Pathology AB - Few studies have investigated immunosenescence in the horse, but it is accepted that the primary and secondary (anamnestic) immune responses may differ between aged and younger horses. The aim of the present study was to determine whether aged horses have a protective immune response post-vaccination. Thirty-four aged healthy horses (> or =20 years) and 29 younger adult horses (4-12 years) of various breeds were vaccinated with commercially produced killed rabies and influenza vaccines. Rabies serum neutralizing antibody titres and equine influenza virus specific antibody subclasses (immunoglobulin IgGa and IgGb) and single radial haemolysis titres were determined. Healthy aged horses mounted a primary immune response to rabies vaccine that was similar to that of younger adult horses. However, aged horses had a significantly reduced anamnestic response to influenza vaccination in comparison with the younger adult horses, even though the pre-vaccination antibody titres of aged horses were higher. Rabies antibody titres in both groups declined significantly by 6 months post-vaccination. Serum concentrations of selenium (Se) and vitamin E were measured to test for potential confounding effects. Significant numbers of horses had suboptimal serum Se concentrations, but Se status had no significant impact on antibody production after vaccination. DA - 2010/1// PY - 2010/1// DO - 10.1016/j.jcpa.2009.10.010 VL - 142 SP - S85-S90 J2 - Journal of Comparative Pathology LA - en OP - SN - 0021-9975 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcpa.2009.10.010 DB - Crossref KW - geriatric KW - horse KW - immunosenescence KW - vaccination ER - TY - JOUR TI - Molecular Investigation of the Viral Kinetics of Equine Herpesvirus-1 in Blood and Nasal Secretions of Horses after Corticosteroid-Induced Recrudescence of Latent Infection AU - Pusterla, N. AU - Hussey, S.B. AU - Mapes, S. AU - Johnson, C. AU - Collier, J.R. AU - Hill, J. AU - Lunn, D.P. AU - Wilson, W.D. T2 - Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine AB - Recrudescence of latent equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) with subsequent viral shedding via nasal secretions is a potential source of infection for susceptible horses and has been implicated in outbreaks occurring in closed populations.To describe the viral kinetics of reactivated EHV-1 in blood and nasal secretions from latently infected horses after administration of corticosteroids, and to study the infectious nature of reactivated EHV-1 to sentinel horses.Eight healthy horses.Four horses infected 4 months previously with EHV-1 received dexamethasone on 5 consecutive days. Four seronegative horses served as sentinels and had direct contact with the latently infected horses. All horses were monitored daily for development of clinical signs. Whole blood and nasal secretions were collected daily for molecular detection and cell culture of EHV-1. Serum was collected weekly for the detection of antibodies against EHV-1.All horses in the latently infected group showed transient molecular detection of EHV-1 in blood and nasal secretions, but only 1 horse developed fever. Three latently infected horses developed an increase in antibody concentrations against EHV-l. Viral cultures remained negative for all latently infected horses after corticosteroid administration. None of the sentinel horses developed clinical signs, viremia, viral shedding, or seroconversion.EHV-1 was successfully reactivated after corticosteroid administration in latently infected horses. However, transmission of reactivated virus to sentinel horses was unsuccessful. Failure to effectively transmit EHV-1 to susceptible horses may have resulted from the low level and short period of viral shedding in latently infected horses. DA - 2010/6/24/ PY - 2010/6/24/ DO - 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0554.x VL - 24 IS - 5 SP - 1153-1157 LA - en OP - SN - 0891-6640 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0554.x DB - Crossref KW - EHV-1 KW - Reactivation KW - Transmission ER - TY - JOUR TI - The prevalence of albuminuria in dogs and cats in an ICU or recovering from anesthesia AU - Vaden, Shelly L. AU - Turman, Coral A. AU - Harris, Tonya L. AU - Marks, Steven L. T2 - JOURNAL OF VETERINARY EMERGENCY AND CRITICAL CARE AB - Abstract Objective – To evaluate the prevalence of albuminuria in dogs and cats admitted to the ICU or recovering from an anesthetic event. Design – Prospective clinical study over a 10‐week period in 2003. Setting – Veterinary teaching hospital. Animals – One hundred and five dogs and 22 cats. Interventions – Urine was collected from dogs and cats admitted to the ICU or recovering from an anesthetic event. When possible, a second urine sample was collected approximately 48 hours later from those animals that had albuminuria during the initial screening. Measurements and Main Results – All dog samples and most cat samples were screened for albumin using a commercial point‐of‐care immunoassay. Aliquots of samples that tested positive were stored at –20°C until subsequent albumin quantification via antigen capture ELISA. Albuminuria was detected in 63 of 105 (60.0%) dogs and in 14 of 22 (63.6%) cats; the prevalence was higher in animals admitted to ICU than in those recovering from anesthesia. In subsequent samples from 26 dogs, urine albumin decreased in 20 (76.9%) when compared with the first sample; urine albumin was undetectable in 5 (19.2%). In subsequent samples from 6 cats, 4 (66.7%) had decreases in urine albumin when compared with the first sample; 1 (16.7%) was negative for urine albumin. Eleven of 12 dogs (91.7%) and 3 of 4 cats (75%) that died within 3 days of admission to the ICU had abnormal urine albumin; whereas 52 of 93 (55.9%) and 11 of 18 (61.1%) dogs and cats, respectively, who survived more than 3 days had abnormal urine albumin. Dogs with albuminuria were at increased risk of death. Conclusions – The prevalence of albuminuria in animals admitted to the ICU or recovering from anesthesia is higher than reported previously and transient in some patients. The presence of albuminuria may be a negative prognostic indicator in this population. DA - 2010/10// PY - 2010/10// DO - 10.1111/j.1476-4431.2010.00584.x VL - 20 IS - 5 SP - 479-487 SN - 1476-4431 KW - microalbuminuria KW - urine albumin ER - TY - JOUR TI - Randomised controlled clinical trial for the use of deracoxib during intense rehabilitation exercises after tibial plateau levelling osteotomy AU - Gordon-Evans, W. J. AU - Dunning, D. AU - Johnson, A. L. AU - Knap, K. E. T2 - VETERINARY AND COMPARATIVE ORTHOPAEDICS AND TRAUMATOLOGY AB - During intense physical exercise, the cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) pathway is upregulated which contributes to soreness. The aim of this study was to determine if there was a clinical affect of deracoxib (COX-2 selective antagonist) on dogs engaged in intense rehabilitation following tibial plateau levelling osteotomy for cranial cruciate ligament rupture. Our hypothesis was that dogs receiving deracoxib would demonstrate less lameness, better range-of-motion (ROM), and faster muscle mass recovery than the control dogs. Thirty dogs were randomised to the treatment (deracoxib at 1-2 mg/kg once daily by mouth) or control (no treatment) group. Outcomes including gait analysis, thigh circumference, and goniometry, were measured by one investigator, who was masked to group preoperatively, and at the end of each intense rehabilitation week (3, 5, and 7 weeks postoperatively). The only difference between groups for any outcome measure at any time point was a greater preoperative stifle ROM in the group receiving deracoxib (p = 0.04). This study showed that treatment with deracoxib did not provide better outcomes when dogs were subjected to intense rehabilitation after tibial plateau levelling osteotomy. Each patient should be evaluated individually to determine if administration of deracoxib is appropriate. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// DO - 10.3415/vcot-09-11-0121 VL - 23 IS - 5 SP - 332-335 SN - 2567-6911 KW - NSAID KW - non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs KW - rehabilitation KW - exercise KW - TPLO KW - tibial plateau levelling osteotomy ER - TY - JOUR TI - Learning-Style Profiles of 150 Veterinary Medical Students AU - Neel, Jennifer A. AU - Grindem, Carol B. T2 - JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION AB - Awareness of student learning-style preferences is important for several reasons. Understanding differences in learning styles permits instructors to design course materials that allow all types of learners to absorb and process information. Students who know their own learning style are better able to help themselves in courses taught in a non-preferred method by developing study strategies in line with their preferred learning method. We used the Felder and Solomon Index of Learning Styles to assess the learning-style profiles of 150 veterinary students in three consecutive years. Students were predominantly active (56.7%), sensing (79.3%), visual (76.7%), and sequential (69.3%). Most were balanced on the active-reflective (59.3%) and global-sequential (50%) dimensions, and 61.3% and 54% were moderately to strongly sensing and visual, respectively. Small but significant numbers of students were moderately to strongly intuitive (8.7%), verbal (13%), and global (12%). The most common patterns were active-sensing-visual-sequential (26%), reflective-sensing-visual-sequential (19.3%), active-sensing-visual-global (8.7%), and active-sensing-verbal-sequential (8.7%). Although most students (65.3%) were balanced on one to two dimensions, 77.3% had one or more strong preferences. Our results show that although people have dominant learning-style preference and patterns, they have significant minor preferences and patterns across all dimensions with moderate to strong preferences on each scale. These results indicate that a balanced approach to teaching is essential to allow all students to learn optimally. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// DO - 10.3138/jvme.37.4.347 VL - 37 IS - 4 SP - 347-352 SN - 1943-7218 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-79952457320&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - learning styles KW - education KW - veterinary ER - TY - JOUR TI - Outcome assessment of a computer-animated model for learning about the regulation of glomerular filtration rate AU - Gookin, Jody L. AU - McWhorter, Dan AU - Vaden, Shelly AU - Posner, Lysa T2 - ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION AB - The regulation of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a particularly important and challenging concept for students to integrate into a memorable framework for building further knowledge and solving clinical problems. In this study, 76 first-year veterinary students and 19 veterinarians in clinical specialty training (house officers) participated in separate online exercises to evaluate the use of a computer-animated model of GFR regulation ( www.aamc.org/mededportal ) on learning outcome. Students were randomly allocated to study either the animated model or written materials before completion of a 10-question multiple-choice quiz. House officers completed a 35-question test before and after study of the animated model. Both groups completed a survey about the learning exercise. The ability of the model to enhance learning was demonstrated by a significant improvement ( P < 0.001) in the test performance of house officers after studying the model. The model performed similarly to written materials alone in affecting the subsequent quiz performance of the students. The majority of students and house officers agreed or strongly agreed that the animated model was easy to understand, improved their knowledge and appreciation of the importance of GFR regulation, and that they would recommend the model to peers. Most students [63 of 76 students (83%)] responded that they would prefer the use of the animated model alone over the study of written materials but acknowledged that a combination of hardcopy written notes and the animated model would be ideal. A greater applicability of the model to more advanced students and an introduction in a didactic setting before individual study were suggested by the house officers. The results of this study suggest that the animated model is a useful, effective, and well-received tool for learning and creating a visual memory of the regulatory mechanisms of GFR. DA - 2010/6// PY - 2010/6// DO - 10.1152/advan.00012.2010 VL - 34 IS - 2 SP - 97-105 SN - 1043-4046 KW - medical education KW - veterinary KW - interactive KW - renal physiology ER - TY - JOUR TI - Francisella philomiragia Septicemia in a Dog AU - Cora, M. C. AU - Neel, J. A. AU - Tarigo, J. AU - Post, K. AU - Barnes, J. T2 - JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE AB - A 10-month-old, male castrated bulldog weighing 18.4 kg was presented to the North Carolina State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital (NCSU-VTH) for evaluation of severe neck pain and lethargy. Two months previously, the dog had presented to the referring veterinarian with signs of lethargy and severe neck pain, and the owners reported recent removal of ticks from the dog at that time. A CBC, a biochemistry panel, and spinal radiographs were unremarkable, and an in-house canine ELISAa test for heartworm disease, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia canis, and Borrelia burgdorferi was negative. The patient was treated with meloxicamb (0.1 mg/kg PO q24h) and a 3-week course of doxycycline (5.9 mg/kg PO q12h), after which improvement was noted. However, similar clinical signs returned approximately 7 weeks after the initial episode. Doxycycline (5.5 mg/kg PO q12h) was restarted and clindamycin (16.6 mg/kg PO q12h) added for possible toxoplasmosis. There was no improvement 3 days after initiation of treatment, and referral to NCSU-VTH was recommended. On physical examination, the patient was febrile (103.5°F), with dull mentation, low head carriage, stiff neck, and trembling in all limbs. Profound vocalization was elicited on flexion, extension, and lateralization of the neck consistent with severe pain. Neurologic reflexes were normal. A serum biochemistry profile showed mild hyperglycemia (129 mg/dL; reference interval, 60–110 mg/dL). A CBC performed on a point-of-care analyzer disclosed mild normocytic, normochromic anemia (Hct, 36.2%; reference interval, 37–55%) and mild leukocytosis (21.8 × 103/μL; reference interval, 6.0–17.0 × 103/μL) characterized by mature neutrophila (18.09 × 103/μL; reference interval, 2.8–9.1 × 103/μL) and monocytosis (1.5 × 103/μL; reference interval, 0.59–0.85 × 103/μL). Differential diagnosis for the leukogram included inflammation or a physiological response. Urinalysis and thoracic radiographs were unremarkable. Evaluation of cisternal CSF indicated extreme neutrophilic (nondegenerate) pleocytosis with severely increased protein concentration (TNCC, 3,000/μL; protein, 175 mg/dL) consistent with meningitis. Pooled blood and CSF samples were polymerase chain reaction (PCR) negative for A. phagocytophilum, E. canis, B. burgdorferi, Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora spp., canine distemper virus, and West Nile virus.c A CSF culture was not performed. Before the results of the aforementioned infectious disease tests were available, treatment with doxycycline and clindamycin was continued, and prednisone (1.1 mg/kg q12h) was started. Five days later when the results were available, antibiotics were discontinued and a presumptive diagnosis of steroid responsive meningitis-arteritis (SRMA) was made. The patient's clinical signs resolved. Approximately 7 weeks later, while still receiving prednisone (0.27 mg/kg q12h), the dog became lethargic and inappetent with slight head tremors. Examination by the referring veterinarian identified a fever of 105°F and the patient was hospitalized at the referring veterinarian's hospital. Concerned over a potential relapse of the presumptive SRMA, the referring veterinarian consulted the attending neurologist at NCSU-VTH by phone. Although relapse of the SRMA was considered, the possibility of infection secondary to immunosuppression also was discussed and additional diagnostics, including reevaluating the CSF, was recommended. Empirically, under the referring veterinarian's care, the antibiotics were restarted and the prednisone dosage ultimately increased (1.6 mg/kg q12h). The dog showed no improvement during hospitalization for 4 days and was transferred to NCSU-VTH. At 2nd presentation to NCSU-VTH, the patient was stuporous and febrile (103°F). Occasional head tremors were noted, and spinal reflexes were delayed. The mucous membranes were pale with multifocal petechiae. Melena was observed. A serum biochemistry profile showed mild hypoalbuminemia (2.2 g/dL; reference interval, 2.5–4.4 g/dL), mild hyperbilirubinemia (0.8 mg/dL; reference interval, 0.1–0.6 mg/dL), and increased ALP (1195 IU/L; reference interval, 20–150 IU/L) and ALT (318 IU/L; reference interval, 10–118 IU/L). A CBC indicated moderate, normocytic, normochromic, nonregenerative anemia (Hct, 21.3%; reference interval, 39.2–55.9%), severe thrombocytopenia (13 × 103/μL; reference interval, 190–468 × 103/μL), and mild leukopenia (4.02 × 103/μL; reference interval, 4.39–11.61 × 103/μL) characterized by neutropenia (1.9 × 103/μL; reference interval, 2.8–9.1 × 103/μL) with a left shift (0.32 × 103/μL). A coagulation panel showed both prolonged PT (11.8 s; reference interval, 6.8–10.7 s) and APTT (46.4 s; reference interval, 75–13.8 s) with D-dimers > 2,000 ng/dL (reference interval, < 250 ng/dL) and a fibrinogen concentration of 100 mg/dL (reference interval, 100–300 mg/dL). Thoracic radiographs were unremarkable. Blood smear examination identified low numbers of spherocytes and marked neutrophilic toxic change. Moderate numbers of monocytes and neutrophils had mild to moderate nuclear swelling or karyorrhexis consistent with degenerative changes, and virtually every neutrophil and monocyte contained varying numbers of small (0.2–1 μm), pale basophilic, irregularly round, oblong, linear, or curvilinear structures consistent with a pleomorphic bacterial population (Fig 1). Initially, because of the pleomorphic morphology of the bacteria paired with their presence within both monocytes and neutrophils, Rhodococcus equi was considered a potential cause of the septicemia. However, a Gram stain indicated a gram-negative organism. CBC and blood smear findings were consistent with severe overwhelming inflammation becuase of septicemia. The anemia most likely was caused by a combination of blood loss, anemia of inflammatory disease and immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, potentially secondary to treatment or the bacterial infection. The coagulation panel supported fulminant disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Peripheral blood smear, Wright-Giemsa staining (100x objective). Ruptured leukocytes with released F. philomiragia bacteria in the background. Note the pleomorphism among the bacteria. 650 × 520 mm (150 × 150 DPI). Despite treatments, including IV fluid therapy, ampicillin/sulbactam (22 mg/kg IV q8h), famotidine (0.5 mg/kg IV q12h), pantoprazole (1 mg/kg IV q24h), fresh frozen plasma, and packed RBC transfusions, the patient continued to deteriorate, became nonresponsive, and was euthanized 19 hours after admission. At necropsy, macroscopic examination disclosed moderate disseminated petechiae in the subcutis, mucous membranes, diaphragm, mesentery, kidney, lungs, heart, and serosal surfaces of the gastrointestinal tract consistent with the clinical and laboratory diagnosis of fulminant DIC. CSF was collected for culture. Histopathology of liver, spleen, bone marrow, lungs, and various lymph nodes identified multifocal to disseminated, moderate to severe, histiocytic inflammation with large numbers of intrahistiocytic, Gram-negative bacterial organisms with accompanying necrosis, hemorrhage, and fibrin deposition. Within the brain, mild, multifocal lymphoplasmacytic meningoencephalitis and choroiditis were observed, but no areas of histiocytic inflammation or bacterial organisms were found. Whole blood and CSF were submitted for bacterial culture. Whole blood and the bacterial isolate from the blood culture were frozen and stored at −70°C. Culture of the CSF yielded a weakly fermenting, Gram negative rod that could not be further characterized, and the isolate was sent to the state diagnostic laboratory.d Based on conventional macrotube biochemical methods and phenotypic properties, further characterization was again not possible, and the isolate was sent to a reference laboratorye for molecular identification. PCR amplification of 16S rRNA gene segments yielded sequences consistent with Francisella philomiragia (>99% identity). To confirm F. philomiragia as the cause of the septicemia, PCR amplification of 16S rRNA gene segments was performedf as previously described1 on the saved whole blood, banked blood smear, and blood culture isolate and yielded sequences consistent with F. philomiragia (>99% identity). To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of F. philomiragia septicemia in a dog. Francisella species are small, facultatively intracellular, Gram negative, catalase positive, pleomorphic coccobacilli. There are 2 recognized species, F. tularensis (agent of tularemia or “rabbit fever”) and F. philomiragia. Several subspecies of F. tularensis exist. Although Francisella species are morphologically similar and share similar biochemical activities and a high degree of DNA relatedness, F. tularensis and F. philomiragia contrast markedly in their epidemiological and clinical features.2, 3F. tularensis is more virulent, and most infections occur in immunocompetent individuals. In the United States, tularemia is acquired primarily by contact with infected ticks or animals (especially rabbits) or ingestion of contaminated meat or freshwater. In contrast, F. philomiragia is an opportunistic agent that rarely is reported to cause clinical disease. Isolation of this species is infrequent with only 18 isolations over a 40-year period (1 animal and 17 human) reported in the literature.4-7 Most isolates are from North America with one each from Turkey and Switzerland. The majority are associated with salt water exposure with neither animal nor arthropod vectors implicated in human transmission. F. philomiragia was first isolated in 1969 in Utah from a dying muskrat and the water in the surrounding marshy area where it was found (part of the Great Salt Lake waterway).6 Originally classified as Yersinia philomiragia, it was reclassified as F. philomiragia in 1989 based on biochemical and genetic tests.3F. philomiragia is only rarely reported in the literature as a cause of invasive infection (pneumonia, sepsis, meningitis) in humans. In 1 case series of 14 patients infected with F. philomiragia, 3 groups were reported at risk: patients with either chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) or myeloproliferative disease, and those surviving a near-drowning in salt or estuary water.4 It was also found that 12 of the 14 patients lived within 50 miles of a salt water coastline.4 These diseases and situations render individuals more susceptible to infection because of an impaired physical barrier to infection (near-drowning) or an impaired immune system (CGD, myeloproliferative disease).2, 4 CGD is a group of inherited disorders characterized by the inability of phagocytes to produce reactive oxygen species, including hydrogen peroxide, owing to a defect in the NADPH oxidase system. Affected individuals develop recurrent infections and granulomatous lesions caused by a narrow range of bacteria and fungi.8 Catalase negative organisms (ie, streptococci) can be killed because of the accumulation of their own endogenous hydrogen peroxide within phagocytic vacuoles.5 In contrast, catalase-positive organisms including F. philomiragia and others (Staphylococcus aureus, Serratia spp., Aspergillus spp.) metabolize their endogenous hydrogen peroxide, leaving affected individuals vulnerable to infection.4, 5 Humans with CGD and subsequent F. philomiragia infection had fever, pneumonia, sepsis, meningitis, or a combination of these, with the bacterium isolated from blood, lung biopsy samples, or CSF.4, 5, 7 One patient died of septicemia. Patients receiving chemotherapy for treatment of a myeloproliferative disorder presented with fever and had F. philomiragia isolated from pericardial fluid and blood.4 Lung damage secondary to near drowning renders immunocompetent individuals susceptible to invasive infection by normally nonpathogenic organisms. All of the near drowning-associated human infections occurred in association with salt or estuary water.4 These patients were diagnosed with either pneumonia or sepsis with the bacterium isolated from blood in all cases. As with human cases of F. philomiragia infection, conventional identification of the bacterial isolate was challenging. Microscopically, culture isolates may be highly pleomorphic with bizarre, irregular to coccobacillary forms.5, 7 They are relatively fastidious with slow growth and give weak or delayed reactions in conventional biochemical test methods (eg, acid production from glucose, maltose, and sucrose).3, 5, 7 In this case, these characteristics necessitated identification by PCR amplification of 16S rRNA gene segments, ultimately confirming infection with F. philomiragia. Although 16S rRNA gene sequencing yields the most rapid identification of F. philomiragia, identification by biochemical characteristics is possible. Recognition of a highly pleomorphic, fastidious, halophilic bacterium combined with the production of oxidase (usually weak positive) and gelatinase is highly suggestive.3, 5, 7 Although antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Francisella species is not standardized, successful treatment of F. philomiragia based on broth microdilution method was achieved in the majority of reported human cases.4F. philomiragia isolates were susceptible in vitro to aminoglycosides, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol. They were resistant to ampicillin and produced β-lactamase. Successful treatment with ciprofloxacin recently has been reported.5 Despite its in vitro susceptibility to tetracycline and chloramphenicol, treatment alone with a bacteriostatic antibiotic may result in treatment failures because F. philomiragia is a facultatively intracellular bacterium. It is unclear whether or not this patient's clinical disease at the time of initial presentation was because of SRMA. There is no definitive antemortem test for SRMA and diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical signs, nonspecific laboratory findings and exclusion of other diseases. The dog may have already been infected with F. philomiragia, and infection rendered subclinical by initial treatment with doxycycline. Although the dog did not seem to have any of the 3 major risk factors identified in humans, like the majority of human F. philomiragia infections, this patient lived within 50 miles of a salt water coast (coastal town of North Carolina) and the owners reported taking the dog to swim in the river the week before the first visit to NCSU-VTH. Alternatively, immunosuppressive doses of prednisone may have predisposed the dog to bacterial infection, resulting in infection during the course of treatment for presumptive SRMA. F. philomiragia is an opportunistic bacterium that should be considered as a cause of invasive infection in immune-compromised veterinary patients or in those with compromised lung tissue (ie, near drowning event, aspiration pneumonia), especially if the patient has contact with, or lives near, salt water. Similar to R. equi, the unique, pleomorphic, coccobacillary appearance of the organism and its location within monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils is helpful in identification. Familiarity with this organism is important for appropriate antibiotic administration and successful treatment. aCanine SNAP 4Dx, IDEXX Laboratories Inc, Westbrook, ME bMetacam, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica Inc, St. Joesph, MO cLucy Whitter Molecular and Diagnostics Core Facility—TaqMan Service, Davis, CA dNorth Carolina Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory System-Rollins, Raleigh, NC eWashington Animal Disease Diagnostic Lab, Pullman, WA fVector Borne Diagnostic Disease Laboratory, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// DO - 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0545.x VL - 24 IS - 4 SP - 969-972 SN - 0891-6640 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77956640280&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Altered Ferritin Subunit Composition: Change in Iron Metabolism in Lens Epithelial Cells and Downstream Effects on Glutathione Levels and VEGF Secretion AU - Harned, Jill AU - Ferrell, Jenny AU - Lall, Marilyn M. AU - Fleisher, Lloyd N. AU - Nagar, Steven AU - Goralska, Malgorzata AU - McGahan, M. Christine T2 - INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE AB - The iron storage protein ferritin is necessary for the safe storage of iron and for protection against the production of iron-catalyzed oxidative damage. Ferritin is composed of 24 subunits of two types: heavy (H) and light (L). The ratio of these subunits is tissue specific, and alteration of this ratio can have profound effects on iron storage and availability. In the present study, siRNA for each of the chains was used to alter the ferritin H:L chain ratio and to determine the effect of these changes on ferritin synthesis, iron metabolism, and downstream effects on iron-responsive pathways in canine lens epithelial cells.Primary cultures of canine lens epithelial cells were used. The cells were transfected with custom-made siRNA for canine ferritin H- and L-chains. De novo ferritin synthesis was determined by labeling newly synthesized ferritin chains with 35S-methionine, immunoprecipitation, and separation by SDS-PAGE. Iron uptake into cells and incorporation into ferritin was measured by incubating the cells with 59Fe-labeled transferrin. Western blot analysis was used to determine the presence of transferrin receptor, and ELISA was used to determine total ferritin concentration. Ferritin localization in the cells was determined by immunofluorescence labeling. VEGF, glutathione secretion levels, and cystine uptake were measured.FHsiRNA decreased ferritin H-chain synthesis, but doubled ferritin L-chain synthesis. FLsiRNA decreased both ferritin H- and L-chain synthesis. The degradation of ferritin H-chain was blocked by both siRNAs, whereas only FHsiRNA blocked the degradation of ferritin L-chain, which caused significant accumulation of ferritin L-chain in the cells. This excess ferritin L-chain was found in inclusion bodies, some of which were co-localized with lysosomes. Iron storage in ferritin was greatly reduced by FHsiRNA, resulting in increased iron availability, as noted by a decrease in transferrin receptor levels and iron uptake from transferrin. Increased iron availability also increased cystine uptake and glutathione concentration and decreased nuclear translocation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) accumulation in the cell-conditioned medium.Most of the effects of altering the ferritin H:L ratio with the specific siRNAs were due to changes in the availability of iron in a labile pool. They caused significant changes in iron uptake and storage, the rate of ferritin synthesis and degradation, the secretion of VEGF, and the levels of glutathione in cultured lens epithelial cells. These profound effects clearly demonstrate that maintenance of a specific H:L ratio is part of a basic cellular homeostatic mechanism. DA - 2010/9// PY - 2010/9// DO - 10.1167/iovs.09-3861 VL - 51 IS - 9 SP - 4437-4446 SN - 1552-5783 ER - TY - JOUR TI - MARCKS-related peptide modulates in vivo the secretion of airway Muc5ac (Retracted article. See vol. 309, pg. L 750, 2015) AU - Foster, W. Michael AU - Adler, Kenneth B. AU - Crews, Anne L. AU - Potts, Erin N. AU - Fischer, Bernard M. AU - Voynow, Judith A. T2 - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY AB - In a mouse model of neutrophil elastase-induced bronchitis that exhibits goblet cell metaplasia and inflammation, we investigated the effects of intratracheal instillation of the MANS peptide, a peptide identical to the NH(2) terminus of the myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) on mucin protein airway secretion, inflammation, and airway reactivity. To induce mucus cell metaplasia in the airways, male BALB/c mice were treated repetitively with the serine protease, neutrophil elastase, on days 1, 4, and 7. On day 11, when goblet cell metaplasia was fully developed and profiles of proinflammatory cytokines were maximal, the animals were exposed to aerosolized methacholine after intratracheal instillation of MANS or a missense control peptide (RNS). MANS, but not RNS, attenuated the methacholine-stimulated secretion of the major respiratory mucin protein, Muc5ac (50% reduction). Concurrently, elastase-induced proinflammatory cytokines typically recovered in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), including KC, IL-1beta, IL-6, MCP-1, and TNFalpha, were reduced by the MANS peptide (mean levels decreased 50-60%). Secondary to the effects of MANS on mucin secretion and inflammation, mechanical lung function by forced oscillation technique was characterized with respect to airway reactivity in response to cumulative aerosol stimulation with serotonin. The MANS peptide was also found to effectively attenuate airway hyperresponsiveness to serotonin in this airway hypersecretory model. Collectively, these findings support the concept that even in airway epithelia remodeled with goblet cell metaplasia and in a state of mucin hypersecretion, exogenous attenuation of function of MARCKS protein via the MANS peptide decreases airway mucin secretion, inflammation, and hyperreactivity. DA - 2010/9// PY - 2010/9// DO - 10.1152/ajplung.00067.2010 VL - 299 IS - 3 SP - L345-L352 SN - 1522-1504 KW - myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate KW - airway hyperresponsiveness KW - elastase KW - serotonin ER - TY - JOUR TI - MARCKS and Related Chaperones Bind to Unconventional Myosin V Isoforms in Airway Epithelial Cells AU - Lin, Ko-Wei AU - Fang, Shijing AU - Park, Joungjoa AU - Crews, Anne L. AU - Adler, Kenneth B. T2 - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AB - We have shown previously that myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) is a key regulatory molecule in the process of mucin secretion by airway epithelial cells, and that part of the secretory mechanism involves intracellular associations of MARCKS with specific chaperones: heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and cysteine string protein (CSP).Here, we report that MARCKS also interacts with unconventional myosin isoforms within these cells, and further molecular interactions between MARCKS and these chaperones/ cytoskeletal proteins are elucidated.Primary human bronchial epithelial cells and the HBE1 cell line both expressed myosin V and VI proteins, and both MARCKS and CSP were shown to bind to myosin V, specifically Va and Vc.This binding was enhanced by exposing the cells to phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate, an activator of protein kinase C and stimulator of mucin secretion.Binding of MARCKS, Hsp70, and CSP was further investigated by His-tagged pull down assays of purified recombinant proteins and multiple transfections of HBE1 cells with fusion proteins (MARCKS-HA; Flag-Hsp70; c-Myc-CSP) and immunoprecipitation.The results showed that MARCKS binds directly to Hsp70, and that Hsp70 binds directly to CSP, but that MARCKS binding to CSP appears to require the presence of Hsp70.Interrelated binding(s) of MARCKS, chaperones, and unconventional myosin isoforms may be integral to the mucin secretion process. DA - 2010/8// PY - 2010/8// DO - 10.1165/rcmb.2010-0016rc VL - 43 IS - 2 SP - 131-136 SN - 1535-4989 KW - airway KW - mucin KW - MARCKS KW - chaperones KW - myosin ER - TY - JOUR TI - What is your diagnosis? Nasal discharge from a dog AU - Piperisova, Ida AU - Neel, Jennifer A. AU - Tarigo, Jaime T2 - VETERINARY CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AB - Veterinary Clinical PathologyVolume 39, Issue 1 p. 121-122 What is your diagnosis? Nasal discharge from a dog Ida Piperisova, Ida Piperisova Department of Population Health and PathobiologySearch for more papers by this authorJennifer A. Neel, Jennifer A. Neel Department of Population Health and PathobiologySearch for more papers by this authorJaime Tarigo, Jaime Tarigo Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USASearch for more papers by this author Ida Piperisova, Ida Piperisova Department of Population Health and PathobiologySearch for more papers by this authorJennifer A. Neel, Jennifer A. Neel Department of Population Health and PathobiologySearch for more papers by this authorJaime Tarigo, Jaime Tarigo Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 March 2010 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-165X.2009.00174.xCitations: 17 Correspondence Ida Piperisova, Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USAE-mail: [email protected] Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. References 1 Campbell BG, Little MD. Identification of the eggs of a nematode (Eucoleus boehmi) from the nasal mucosa of North America dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1991; 198: 1520–1523. 2 Schoning P, Dryden MW, Gabbert NH. Identification of a nasal nematode (Eucoleus boehmi) in Greyhounds. Vet Res Commun. 1993; 17: 277–281. 3 Campbell BG. Trichuris and other trichinelloid nematodes of dogs and cats in the United States. Comp Cont Educ Pract. 1991; 13: 769–778. 4 Davidson RK, Gjerde B, Vikoren T, Lillehaug A, Handeland K. Prevalence of Trichinella larvae and extra—intestinal nematodes in Norweigan red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). Vet Parasitol. 2006; 136: 307–316. 5 Sréter T, Széll Z, Marucci G, Pozio E, Varga I. Extraintestinal nematode infections of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Hungary. Vet Parasitol. 2003; 115: 329–334. Citing Literature Volume39, Issue1March 2010Pages 121-122 ReferencesRelatedInformation DA - 2010/3// PY - 2010/3// DO - 10.1111/j.1939-165x.2009.00174.x VL - 39 IS - 1 SP - 121-122 SN - 0275-6382 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77954355306&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Capillariasis KW - cytology KW - eggs KW - Eucoleus boehmi KW - nasal discharge ER - TY - JOUR TI - The hemodynamic effects of medetomidine continuous rate infusions in the dog AU - Carter, Jennifer E. AU - Campbell, Nigel B. AU - Posner, Lysa P. AU - Swanson, Cliff T2 - VETERINARY ANAESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA AB - To characterize the hemodynamic effects of continuous rate infusions (CRI) of medetomidine administered at doses ranging from 0 to 3 microg kg(-1) hour(-1).Prospective, blinded, randomized experimental trial.Six adult purpose-bred mongrel dogs.Anesthesia was induced with sevoflurane for placement of arterial and venous catheters. Dogs recovered from anesthesia after which baseline hemodynamic measurements were obtained via lithium dilution cardiac output (CO) determination, with subsequent measurements via pulse power analysis to provide continuous CO determinations. Medetomidine, 1, 2, or 3 microg kg(-1) hour(-1) or a volume equivalent placebo, was administered via CRI for 60 minutes. Systolic, mean, and diastolic arterial pressure, heart rate (HR), CO and stroke volume were measured and stroke index (SI), cardiac index (CI), total peripheral resistance (TPR), and total peripheral resistance index (TPRI) were calculated at 3, 7, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes from the start of the infusion.Increase in dose decreased SI by 25%, 19%, and 30%, HR by 33%, 57%, and 60%, CI by 50%, 65%, 70% and increased TPRI by 109%, 235%, and 222% from baseline to the 60-minute measurement for the 1, 2, and 3 microg kg(-1) hour(-1) doses, respectively. HR, TPRI, and CI all showed significant differences over the duration of the study from the placebo treatment.Medetomidine CRI produces clinically relevant changes in CO, TPR, and HR. The demonstrated decrease in CO is largely because of bradycardia and the degree of cardiovascular depression appears to be dose-dependent. These findings are consistent with previously described hemodynamic changes with single bolus administration of medetomidine.Low-dose medetomidine CRIs produce clinically relevant hemodynamic depression at doses as low as 1 microg kg(-1) hour(-1) and should be used cautiously in dogs. DA - 2010/5// PY - 2010/5// DO - 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2009.00522.x VL - 37 IS - 3 SP - 197-206 SN - 1467-2995 KW - cardiac output KW - CRI KW - medetomidine ER -