TY - CHAP TI - Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START) AU - Nicholls, T.L. AU - Desmarais, S.L. AU - Martin, M.-L. AU - Brink, J. AU - Webster, C.D. T2 - The SAGE Encyclopedia of Criminal Psychology A2 - Morgan, R.D. PY - 2019/// DO - 10.4135/9781483392240.n449 PB - SAGE Publications, Inc. SN - 9781483392264 9781483392240 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781483392240.n449 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Family-centered practice project: annual report to the North Carolina Division of Social Services AU - Desmarais, S.L. AU - Cacace, S. AU - Norwalk, K. AU - Pennell, J. AU - Latz, M. AU - King, J. AU - Stokes, M. A3 - Division of Social Services, NC Department of Health and Human Services DA - 2019/8// PY - 2019/8// PB - Division of Social Services, NC Department of Health and Human Services ER - TY - RPRT TI - A national portrait of restorative approaches to intimate partner violence: Pathways to safety, accountability, healing, and well-being AU - Cissner, A. AU - Sasson, E. AU - Thomforde Hauser, R. AU - Packer, H. AU - Pennell, J. AU - Smith, E.L. AU - Desmarais, S.L. AU - Burford, G. A3 - Office on Violence Against Women, Center for Court Innovation DA - 2019/10// PY - 2019/10// PB - Office on Violence Against Women, Center for Court Innovation UR - https://www.courtinnovation.org/publications-RJ-IPV ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluation of an Online Sexual Health Program among Adolescent Girls with Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties AU - Kamke, Kristyn AU - Widman, Laura AU - Desmarais, Sarah L. T2 - Journal of Child and Family Studies AB - Adolescent girls with emotional and behavioral difficulties (EBDs) have a heightened risk of negative sexual health, including HIV, other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and unplanned pregnancy. Few evidence-based sexual health interventions are available for adolescent girls with EBDs. This study tested the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of a brief, online sexual health program called HEART (Health Education and Relationship Training).Forty-seven participants (M-age = 15.79; SD = 1.71; 62% Black, 23% Hispanic) recruited from community-based organizations in the southeastern U.S. were compared to a non-equivalent comparison group who received an attention-matched intervention.Findings support the feasibility of participant recruitment and program administration in community-based settings. Participants completed HEART in 44 minutes and experienced few technological difficulties. HEART was highly acceptable: most participants liked, learned from, and were engaged with the program. Further, 92% would recommend HEART to a friend and 98% would use what they learned in the future. At posttest, intervention participants had significantly higher communication intentions, communication skills, STI/HIV knowledge, sexual self-efficacy, condom attitudes, and condom norms than the comparison group (ps < .003; effect size ds = .38-1.65). Significant improvement in condom intentions was observed when comparing pretest to posttest scores among intervention participants only, t(46) = -3.21, d = 0.47.Findings support the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of HEART among adolescent girls with EBDs in community-based settings. This study also addresses the growing need for research into the transferability of sexual health interventions to facilitate evidence-based decision-making about program dissemination and implementation. DA - 2019/12/17/ PY - 2019/12/17/ DO - 10.1007/s10826-019-01685-1 VL - 29 IS - 4 SP - 1044-1054 J2 - J Child Fam Stud LA - en OP - SN - 1062-1024 1573-2843 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01685-1 DB - Crossref KW - High risk youth KW - Adolescent girls KW - Sexual communication KW - eHealth KW - Preventative intervention ER - TY - JOUR TI - Gender in the jihad: Characteristics and outcomes among women and men involved in jihadism-inspired terrorism. AU - Brugh, Christine Shahan AU - Desmarais, Sarah L. AU - Simons-Rudolph, Joseph AU - Zottola, Samantha A. T2 - Journal of Threat Assessment and Management DA - 2019/6// PY - 2019/6// DO - 10.1037/tam0000123 VL - 6 IS - 2 SP - 76-92 J2 - Journal of Threat Assessment and Management LA - en OP - SN - 2169-4850 2169-4842 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/tam0000123 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Construction and Validation of an Anticipatory Thinking Assessment AU - Geden, Michael AU - Smith, Andy AU - Campbell, James AU - Spain, Randall AU - Amos-Binks, Adam AU - Mott, Bradford W. AU - Feng, Jing AU - Lester, James T2 - FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY AB - Anticipatory thinking is a critical cognitive skill for successfully navigating complex, ambiguous systems in which individuals must analyze system states, anticipate outcomes, and forecast future events. For example, in military planning, intelligence analysis, business, medicine, and social services, individuals must use information to identify warnings, anticipate a spectrum of possible outcomes, and forecast likely futures in order to avoid tactical and strategic surprise. Existing methods for examining anticipatory thinking skill have relied upon task-specific behavioral measures or are resource-intensive, both of which are challenging to scale. Given the increasing importance of anticipatory thinking in many domains, developing a generic assessment of this skill and identifying the underlying cognitive mechanisms supporting it are paramount. The work reported here focuses on the development and validation of the ANticipatory Thinking Assessment (ANTA) for measuring the divergent generative process of anticipatory thinking. Two-hundred and ten participants completed the ANTA, which required them to anticipate possible risks, opportunities, trends or other uncertainties associated with a focal topic. Responses to the anticipatory thinking and divergent thinking tasks were rated by trained raters on a 5-point scale according to the uniqueness, specificity, and remoteness of responses. Results supported the ANTA’s construct validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. We also explored the relationship between the ANTA scores and certain psychological traits and cognitive measures (need for cognition, need for closure, and mindfulness). Our findings suggest that the ANTA is a psychometrically valid instrument that may help researchers investigate anticipatory thinking in new contexts. DA - 2019/12/11/ PY - 2019/12/11/ DO - 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02749 VL - 10 SP - SN - 1664-1078 KW - anticipatory thinking KW - prospective cognition KW - divergent thinking KW - assessment development KW - validation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Results of the Brief Jail Mental Health Screen Across Repeated Jail Bookings AU - Zottola, Samantha A. AU - Desmarais, Sarah L. AU - Neupert, Shevaun D. AU - Dong, Lin AU - Laber, Eric AU - Lowder, Evan M. AU - Van Dorn, Richard A. T2 - Psychiatric Services AB - Objective: The Brief Jail Mental Health Screen (BJMHS) is widely used at intake in county jails to identify detainees who may have serious mental illness and who should be referred for further mental health evaluation. The BJMHS may be administered multiple times across repeated jail bookings; however, the extent to which results may change over time is unclear. To that end, the authors examined the odds of screening positive on the BJMHS across repeated jail bookings. Methods: Data were drawn from the administrative and medical records of a large, urban county jail that used the BJMHS at jail booking. The study sample comprised BJMHS results for the 12,531 jail detainees who were booked at least twice during the 3.5-year period (N=41,965 bookings). Multilevel logistic modeling was used to examine changes over time overall and within the four decision rules (current psychiatric medication, prior hospitalization, two or more current symptoms, and referral for any other reason). Results: Results show that the odds of a positive screen overall increased with each jail booking, as did the odds of referral for any other reason. In contrast, the odds of screening positive for two or more current symptoms and prior hospitalization decreased. There was no change in the odds of screening positive for current psychiatric medication across bookings. Conclusions: Findings show that BJMHS results changed across bookings. Further research is needed to determine whether changes reflect true changes in mental health status, issues with fidelity, the repeated nature of the screening process, or other factors. DA - 2019/11/1/ PY - 2019/11/1/ DO - 10.1176/appi.ps.201800377 VL - 70 IS - 11 SP - 1006-1012 J2 - PS LA - en OP - SN - 1075-2730 1557-9700 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201800377 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Methodological limitations in the measurement and statistical modeling of violence among adults with mental illness AU - Johnson, Kiersten L. AU - Desmarais, Sarah L. AU - Tueller, Stephen J. AU - Van Dorn, Richard A. T2 - International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research AB - Abstract Objectives Methodological limitations of extant research hinder the development of effective violence risk screening, assessment, and management strategies for adults with mental illness. This study quantifies the effects of three common limitations: (a) insensitive measurement of violence that results in violence classification with high levels of information bias, (b) use of cross‐sectional data, and (c) use of data lacking spatiotemporal contiguity. Methods We utilize secondary data ( N = 3,000 participants; N = 10,017 observations) and parametric and nonparametric bootstrap simulation methodologies. Results Not utilizing self‐reported violence data increases information bias. Furthermore, cross‐sectional data that exclude self‐reported violence produce biased associations between substance use and psychiatric symptoms and violence. Associations between baseline variables and subsequent violence attenuate over longer time lags and, when paired with high levels of violence information bias, result in fewer significant effects than should be present. Moreover, the true direction of the simulated relationship of some significant effects is reversed. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the validity of conclusions from some extant research on violence among adults with mental illness should be questioned. Efforts are needed to improve both the measurement of violence, through inclusion of self‐report, and the statistical modeling of violence, using lagged rather than nonlagged models with improved spatiotemporal contiguity. DA - 2019/2/27/ PY - 2019/2/27/ DO - 10.1002/mpr.1776 VL - 28 IS - 3 SP - J2 - Int J Methods Psychiatr Res LA - en OP - SN - 1049-8931 1557-0657 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1776 DB - Crossref KW - risk screening KW - assessment KW - and management KW - simulation KW - violence measurement ER - TY - JOUR TI - Reliability and Validity of START and LSI-R Assessments in Mental Health Jail Diversion Clients AU - Lowder, Evan M. AU - Desmarais, Sarah L. AU - Rade, Candalyn B. AU - Johnson, Kiersten L. AU - Van Dorn, Richard A. T2 - ASSESSMENT AB - Risk assessment instruments are increasingly used in mental health jail diversion programs. This study examined the reliability and validity of Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START) and Level of Service Inventory–Revised (LSI-R) assessments overall and by client race. Research assistants completed START and LSI-R assessments for 95 diversion clients. Arrests and jail days were collected via official records and self-report 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months after baseline. Assessments demonstrated good interrater reliability and convergent validity. START strength total scores and LSI-R risk estimates were the strongest predictors of recidivism. Total scores and risk estimates did not differ as a function of client race, but there were some differences in accuracy of START vulnerability and LSI-R total scores and risk estimates in predicting jail days (but not arrests), over shorter follow-ups. No such differences were found for START strength total scores across any follow-up period or recidivism measure. DA - 2019/10// PY - 2019/10// DO - 10.1177/1073191117704505 VL - 26 IS - 7 SP - 1347-1361 SN - 1552-3489 KW - mental health jail diversion KW - risk assessment KW - protective factors KW - recidivism ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bringing the National Security Agency into the Classroom: Ethical Reflections on Academia-Intelligence Agency Partnerships AU - Kampe, Christopher AU - Reid, Gwendolynne AU - Jones, Paul AU - Colleen, S. AU - Sean, S. AU - Vogel, Kathleen M. T2 - SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ETHICS DA - 2019/6// PY - 2019/6// DO - 10.1007/s11948-017-9938-7 VL - 25 IS - 3 SP - 869-898 SN - 1471-5546 KW - Intelligence KW - Prototype KW - Research ethics KW - Participatory sensing KW - Self-tracking KW - Values in design ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mindsets of Addiction: Implications for Treatment Intentions AU - Burnette, Jeni L. AU - Forsyth, Rachel B. AU - Desmarais, Sarah L. AU - Hoyt, Crystal L. T2 - Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology AB - Introduction: The goal of the current work is to contribute to the critical dialog regarding consequences of different communications about the nature of addiction by offering a new theoretical approach. Specifically, we merge a mindset perspective, which highlights the importance of beliefs regarding the malleability of human attributes, with the attribution literature to explore how messages stressing the changeable vs. fixed nature of addiction influence beliefs and treatment intentions. Method: We crafted a message about addiction designed to induce the belief in the potential to change without influencing self-blame (compensatory-growth mindset message) and compared it to a message focused on the fixed underpinnings of addiction (disease-fixed mindset message). Results: In an online sample of probable substance users (N = 214), we found that the compensatory-growth, relative to the disease-fixed message, led to participants reporting stronger growth mindsets and efficacy without an impact on blame. Additionally, the compensatory-growth, relative to the disease-fixed message, led to stronger intentions to pursue counseling and cognitive behavioral treatment therapies. Discussion: The current work finds support for an innovative theoretical approach for understanding motivation to seek treatment among individuals with probable substance use problems. DA - 2019/5// PY - 2019/5// DO - 10.1521/jscp.2019.38.5.367 VL - 38 IS - 5 SP - 367-394 J2 - Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology LA - en OP - SN - 0736-7236 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2019.38.5.367 DB - Crossref KW - mindsets KW - attributions KW - treatment choices KW - addiction KW - disease model ER - TY - JOUR TI - Racial Bias and LSI-R Assessments in Probation Sentencing and Outcomes AU - Lowder, Evan M. AU - Morrison, Megan M. AU - Kroner, Daryl G. AU - Desmarais, Sarah L. T2 - CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND BEHAVIOR AB - Risk assessments are now implemented in correctional settings across the United States as an evidence-based strategy to inform sentencing and supervision decisions. Despite growing research examining racial bias in the predictive validity of risk assessments, few studies have investigated racial bias in the context of judicial decision-making. We investigated the interactive contributions of race and Level of Service Inventory–Revised (LSI-R) risk assessments in predicting sentence length and probation outcomes in 11,792 Black and White probationers. Results showed White probationers at low-risk levels received longer sentences relative to Black probationers classified at the same risk levels. However, there were few differences at higher risk levels and no evidence of racial bias in the predictive accuracy of LSI-R assessments for other probation outcomes. Findings highlight the need for prospective and carefully controlled investigations into whether risk assessments improve the fairness and accuracy of sentencing and other risk management decisions. DA - 2019/2// PY - 2019/2// DO - 10.1177/0093854818789977 VL - 46 IS - 2 SP - 210-233 SN - 1552-3594 KW - risk assessment KW - racial bias KW - probation KW - sentencing KW - predictive validity ER -