TY - JOUR TI - Transcriptional interaction between the promoters of the maize chloroplast genes which encode the β subunit of ATP synthase and the large subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase AU - Hanley-Bowdoin, Linda AU - Chua, Nam-Hai T2 - Molecular and General Genetics MGG DA - 1989/1// PY - 1989/1// DO - 10.1007/bf00339720 VL - 215 IS - 2 SP - 217-224 J2 - Mol Gen Genet LA - en OP - SN - 0026-8925 1432-1874 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00339720 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Functional expression of the leftward open reading frames of the A component of tomato golden mosaic virus in transgenic tobacco plants. AU - Hanley-Bowdoin, L AU - Elmer, J S AU - Rogers, S G T2 - The Plant Cell AB - The genome of the geminivirus tomato golden mosaic virus (TGMV) consists of two circular DNA molecules designated as components A and B. We have constructed Nicotiana benthamiana plants that are transgenic for the three overlapping open reading frames, AL1, AL2, and AL3, from the left side of TGMV A. In the transgenic plants, the AL open reading frames are under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter. In TGMV infectivity assays, seven of 10 transgenic lines complemented TGMV A variants with mutations in AL1, AL2, or AL3 when co-inoculated with the B component. The 35S-AL construct was transcribed as a single RNA species in the transgenic plants, indicating that AL1, AL2, and AL3 were expressed from a polycistronic mRNA. This differs from the complex transcription pattern in TGMV-infected plants, which contains five AL transcripts. There was no quantitative correlation between the efficiency of complementation in the infectivity assay and the level of expression of transgenic AL RNA in the leaves of a transgenic line. One line that failed to complement defects in AL1, AL2, and AL3 in infectivity assays contained high levels of transgenic AL RNA and functional AL1 protein. These results provide evidence that chromosomal position can affect the cell- and tissue-specific transcription of the 35S promoter in transgenic plants. Comparison of the complementing plants and wild-type infected plants may provide insight into the TGMV infection process and the use of the CaMV 35S promoter for gene expression in transgenic plants. DA - 1989/11// PY - 1989/11// DO - 10.1105/tpc.1.11.1057 VL - 1 IS - 11 SP - 1057-1067 J2 - Plant Cell LA - en OP - SN - 1040-4651 1532-298X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.1.11.1057 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - A developmentally regulated bud specific mRNA sequence in pea has sequence similarity to seed lectins AU - Dobres, M.S. AU - Thompson, W.F. T2 - Plant Physiology AB - We report a striking example of organ and stage specific gene expression in pea (Pisum sativum L.). We have identified a transcript to a previously isolated cDNA clone, pEA207 (WF Thompson et al. (1983) Planta 158: 487-500) which accumulates in the actively growing bud of the pea plant and is either absent or present at very low levels in the expanded leaves below the bud. The deduced amino acid sequence of pEA207 shows 49% similarity to the phytohemagglutinin lectin sequence of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) (LM Hoffman, DD Donaldson (1985) EMBO J 4: 883-889) and 37% similarity to that of the major pea seed lectin sequence (TJV Higgins et al. (1983) J Biol Chem 258: 9544-9549). It is also similar to seed lectins from five other legumes. All of the residues directly involved in metal binding by lectins are present in this sequence. We discuss the possibility that pEA207 encodes a sugar binding lectin-like polypeptide associated with the cell walls of actively growing plant cells. DA - 1989/3/1/ PY - 1989/3/1/ DO - 10.1104/pp.89.3.833 VL - 89 IS - 3 SP - 833–838 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cis-acting elements for light regulation of pea ferredoxin I gene expression are located within transcribed sequences AU - Elliott, R.C. AU - Dickey, L.F. AU - White, M.J. AU - Thompson, W.F. T2 - The Plant Cell DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// VL - 1 SP - 691–698 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Characterization of a single copy gene encoding ferredoxin I from pea AU - Elliott, R.C. AU - Pedersen, T.J. AU - Fristensky, B. AU - White, M.J. AU - Dickey, L.F. AU - Thompson, W.F. T2 - The Plant Cell DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// VL - 1 SP - 681–690 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The identification and localization of 33 pea chloroplast transcription initiation sites AU - Woodbury, Neal W. AU - Dobres, Michael AU - Thompson, William F. T2 - Current Genetics DA - 1989/12// PY - 1989/12// DO - 10.1007/bf00340723 VL - 16 IS - 5-6 SP - 433-445 J2 - Curr Genet LA - en OP - SN - 0172-8083 1432-0983 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00340723 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Chloroplast gene expression in lettuce grown under different irradiances AU - Jordan, Brian R. AU - Hopley, John G. AU - Thompson, William F. T2 - Planta DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// DO - 10.1007/bf00392528 VL - 178 IS - 1 SP - 69-75 J2 - Planta LA - en OP - SN - 0032-0935 1432-2048 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00392528 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - The impact of maternal uterine genotype on postnatal growth and adult body size in mice AU - Cowley, D. E. AU - Pomp, D. AU - Atchley, W. R. AU - Eisen, E. J. AU - Hawkins-Brown, D. T2 - Genetics DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// VL - 122 IS - 1 SP - 193 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Lactational, reproductive and health responses to recombinant bovine somatrotropin under field conditions AU - McDaniel, B. T. AU - Gallant, D. M. AU - Fetrow, J. AU - Harrington, B. AU - Bell, W. E. AU - Hayes, P. AU - Rehman, J. D. T2 - Journal of Dairy Science DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// VL - 72 SP - 429 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genetic gain in milk yield from three systems of sire selection AU - McDaniel, B. T. AU - Bell, W. E. T2 - Journal of Dairy Science DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// VL - 72 SP - 68 ER - TY - JOUR TI - DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF THE MAIZE CATALASE GENES DURING KERNEL DEVELOPMENT - THE ROLE OF STEADY-STATE MESSENGER-RNA LEVELS AU - WADSWORTH, GJ AU - SCANDALIOS, JG T2 - DEVELOPMENTAL GENETICS AB - In maize three isozymic forms of catalase, CAT-1, CAT-2, and CAT-3 are encoded by three distinct and unliked structural genes (Cat1, Cat2 and Cat3). Catalase activity profiles and zymogram analysis were used to examine the spatial and temporal expression of the three genes during kernel maturation. Three developmental stages of catalase expression were observed in the growing kernel. During stage 1 (6-12 days after pollination), both Cat1 and Cat3 were expressed; during stage 2 (15-18 days after pollination) only Cat1 expression was observed; and during stage 3 (21-30 days after pollination), Cat1 and Cat2 were expressed. The major constituent tissues of the kernel were examined to determine their contribution to total kernel catalase expression. Each of the tissues was found to have a unique pattern of catalase gene expression. RNA blot analysis, using catalase gene-specific nucleic acid probes, suggests that the differential expression of the three catalase genes observed in the kernel is regulated by controlling the distribution of steady-state mRNA species for the three genes. DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// DO - 10.1002/dvg.1020100405 VL - 10 IS - 4 SP - 304-310 SN - 0192-253X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Characterization of inbred lines isolated from a population selected five cycles for lower PMI AU - Matzinger, D. F. AU - Wernsman, E. A. AU - Weeks, W. W. T2 - Tobacco International DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// VL - 191 IS - 15 SP - 32 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A WHEAT CDNA CLONE WHICH IS HOMOLOGOUS TO THE 17 KD HEAT-SHOCK PROTEIN GENE FAMILY OF SOYBEAN AU - MCELWAIN, EF AU - SPIKER, S T2 - NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH AB - Journal Article A wheat cDNA clone which is homologous to the 17 kd heat-shock protein gene family of soybean Get access Elizabeth F. McElwain, Elizabeth F. McElwain Department of Genetics, North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh, NC 27695, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Steven Spiker Steven Spiker Department of Genetics, North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh, NC 27695, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 17, Issue 4, 25 February 1989, Page 1764, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/17.4.1764 Published: 25 February 1989 Article history Received: 18 January 1989 Published: 25 February 1989 DA - 1989/2/25/ PY - 1989/2/25/ DO - 10.1093/nar/17.4.1764 VL - 17 IS - 4 SP - 1764-1764 SN - 0305-1048 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Two cDNAs encode two nearly identical Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase proteins in maize AU - Cannon, R. E. AU - Scandalios, J. G. T2 - Molecular and General Genetics DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// VL - 219 IS - 1-2 SP - 219 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genetic characterization of multiple mechanisms of phage defense from a prototype phage-insensitive strain, Lactococcus lactis ME2 AU - Klaenhammer, T. R. T2 - Journal of Dairy Science AB - Abstract Lactococci used as starter cultures in dairy fermentations are highly susceptible to attack by bacteriophage. Genetic studies with Lactococcus lactis ME2, a prototype phage-insensitive strain, have identified plasmid-encoded defenses, which interfere with phage adsorption, restrict and modify phages, or abort lytic phage infection. Restriction and modification and abortion of phage infection were localized on two distinct self-transmissible plasmids, pTN20 and pTR2030, respectively, originating from L. lactis ME2. A comparison of the physical and genetic characteristics of these two conjugative plasmids is presented. Conjugation and cloning strategies employed to assemble these complementary mechanisms of phage resistance will be discussed. The collective expression of different defense systems provided a greater phage resistance to dairy lactococci. Starter cultures that are recalcitrant to phage attack can be constructed from existing strains through application of genetic technologies, which assemble complementary mechanisms of phage defense. DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// DO - 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(89)79505-9 VL - 72 IS - 12 SP - 3429 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Efficient preservation of root-knot and cyst nematodes in liquid nitrogen AU - Triantaphyllou, A. C. AU - McCabe, E. T2 - Journal of Nematology DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// VL - 21 IS - 3 SP - 423 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of mutation on selection limits in finite populations with multiple alleles AU - Zeng, Z. B. AU - Tachida, H. AU - Cockerham, C. C. T2 - Genetics DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// VL - 122 IS - 4 SP - 977 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A GENETIC MODEL OF INTERPOPULATION VARIATION AND COVARIATION OF QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERS AU - ZENG, ZB T2 - GENETICS RESEARCH AB - Evolutionary consequences of natural selection, migration, genotype-environment interaction, and random genetic drift on interpopulation variation and covariation of quantitative characters are analysed in terms of a selection model that partitions natural selection into directional and stabilizing components. Without migration, interpopulation variation and covariation depend mainly on the pattern and intensities of selection among populations and the harmonic mean of effective population sizes. Both transient and equilibrium covariance structures are formulated with suitable approximations. Migration reduces the differentiation among populations, but its effect is less with genotype-environment interaction. In some special cases of genotype-environment interaction, the equilibrium interpopulation variation and covariation is independent of migration. DA - 1989/6// PY - 1989/6// DO - 10.1017/S0016672300028196 VL - 53 IS - 3 SP - 215-221 SN - 1469-5073 ER - TY - JOUR TI - STANDARD ERRORS FOR HERITABILITY AND EXPECTED SELECTION RESPONSE AU - HANSON, WD T2 - CROP SCIENCE AB - Confidence statements for response expected from selection are needed. The first order approximation in Taylor's expansion was used to develop standard errors for heritability and expected progress. Both standard errors contain adjustments for level of heritability. They offer criteria for establishing approximate confidence intervals for these two estimated parameters. DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// DO - 10.2135/cropsci1989.0011183X002900060051x VL - 29 IS - 6 SP - 1561-1562 SN - 1435-0653 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Marker-based selection for quantitative traits AU - Stuber, C. W. T2 - Science for plant breeding : proceedings of the XII. Congress of Eucarpia, February 27-March 4, 1989, Go?ttingen, Germany F.R. DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// VL - 16 SP - 31 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A QUANTITATIVE-GENETICS PERSPECTIVE ON MAMMALIAN DEVELOPMENT AU - ATCHLEY, WR AU - NEWMAN, S T2 - AMERICAN NATURALIST AB - These discussions are intended to describe some important aspects of evolutionary change in complex traits from a developmental quantitative-genetics perspective. These comments support the contention that information about the complexity of the trait, the dynamics of the underlying controlling factors, and an age-specific response to selection must be incorporated into discussions of evolutionary change by selection. The developmental complexity of a trait strongly influences attempts to ascertain its genetic architecture and its age-specific response to selection. The component parts are often under separate genetic control, and there is a substantial nonheritable component to many of these components. Recognition of this complexity permits variability in composite traits to be decomposed; the genetic architecture of the individual subunits is thus determined, yielding a more holistic picture of the genetic structure of the entire trait. Furthermore, it is clear that these complex traits could be altered by selection operating on any or all of the component parts. The magnitude and direction of selection response in complex traits are a function of the genetic-covariance structure among the component parts. As an additional consequence, it is possible that the same end-point phenotype can be obtained by changing different combinations of the component parts. If so, the correlated response to selection in other traits can be quite varied, depending on which component of the complex trait is changed by selection and on the genetic-covariance structure among the component parts within a trait and between traits. There are significant ontogenetic aspects of the underlying causal factors-that is, direct and indirect genetic factors-that are controlling each component part of a complex trait. The course of development in a complex trait involves coordination and integration of a number of separate biological processes that begin functioning during the early ontogeny of an organism. Genes influencing expression of these processes in mammals may arise from the individual's own genome and, as a result, contribute directly to production of the phenotype. In addition, during the prenatal and preweaning phases of ontogeny, the expression of genes in the individual's mother may contribute indirectly to the developmental expression of her progeny's phenotype. The interrelationship between direct and indirect maternal genetic factors has a decided ontogenetic aspect, since they contribute differentially during the prenatal, postnatal, and postweaning phases of development. Indeed, the magnitude and the direction of the contribution of these two separate but possibly correlated sets of genetic effects may change considerably as a function of the stage of ontogeny of the organism. The result of an ontogenetically changing set of genetic controlling factors is a much more complex response to selection than is predicted by the direct-effects genetic model. The size and magnitude of the genetic correlation between direct and maternal components of variability determine the direction and the rate of evolutionary change by selection. A negative genetic covariance between direct and maternal genetic components, which is common for many complex traits, greatly complicates the estimation of genetic parameters and the prediction of evolutionary change by selection. The actual components of a complex trait that is responding to selection may be strongly affected by the developmental age at which selection occurs. However, in addition to the qualitative aspects of selection response, developmental age may also have a quantitative component because of the age-dependent contribution of maternal effects. The earlier during ontogeny that selection is focused, the greater the potential contribution of maternal effects. Because of the potential for a negative covariance between direct and maternal genetic effects, the contribution to the selection response made by maternal effects can be quite complicated. DA - 1989/9// PY - 1989/9// DO - 10.1086/284993 VL - 134 IS - 3 SP - 486-512 SN - 1537-5323 ER - TY - PAT TI - pTN1060, a conjugal plasmid and derivatives thereof that confer phage resistance to group N streptococci AU - Klaenhammer, T. R. AU - Sanozky-Dawes, R. B. C2 - 1989/// DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// ER -