TY - CONF TI - Expression and inheritance of a transgene for salinity tolerance in tomato AU - Panthee, D.R. AU - Wetten, A. AU - Caligari, P.D.S. T2 - 3rd International Conference on Biotechnology and Biodiversity C2 - 2000/// C3 - 3rd International Conference on Biotechnology and Biodiversity CY - Kathmandu, Nepal DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// SP - 14–16 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fungicides and resistance for tobacco blue mold at Waynesville, NC, 1999 AU - Shoemaker, P.B. AU - Milks, D.C. AU - Cochrane, W.K. AU - Lynch, N.P. T2 - Fungicide and Nematicide Tests DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - Report 55 SP - 422 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fungicides and combinations for tomato early blight and other foliar diseases, 1999 AU - Shoemaker, P.B. AU - Milks, D.C. AU - Cochrane, W.K. AU - Lynch, N.P. T2 - Fungicide and Nematicide Tests DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - Report 55 IS - 283 SP - 282 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Record-keeping manual for North Carolina Private Pesticide Applicators AU - Buhler, W. AU - Burnette, J. A3 - North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service Press DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// M1 - AG-611 PB - North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service Press SN - AG-611 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Pesticide storage regulations AU - Hudak, C. AU - Buhler, W. A3 - North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// PB - North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services ER - TY - RPRT TI - FQPA: The Food Quality Protection Act AU - Buhler, W. AU - Haigler, J. AU - Toth, S. AU - Linker, M. A3 - North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service Press DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// M1 - AG-609 PB - North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service Press SN - AG-609 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Community backyard composting programs can reduce waste and save money AU - Sherman, R. A3 - NC State Cooperative Extension DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// M1 - AG‐599 PB - NC State Cooperative Extension SN - AG‐599 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Growth promotion and early flowering of tomatoes with beneficial bacteria AU - Ownley, B.H. AU - Pereira, R. AU - Seth, D. AU - Hamilton, C. AU - Dee, M. A3 - University of Tennessee DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// SP - 256–260 M1 - E11-6515-01-001-00 PB - University of Tennessee SN - E11-6515-01-001-00 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ethylene Sampling Protocols for Greenhouse-Grown Crops AU - Blankenship, S. AU - Creswell, T. AU - Gibson, J.L. AU - Peet, M. AU - Whipker, B.E. T2 - The Cut Flower Quarterly DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 12 IS - 3 SP - 34 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ethylene: Sources, Effects, and Prevention for Greenhouse-Grown Crops AU - Gibson, J.L. AU - Whipker, B.E. AU - Blankenship, S. AU - Boyette, M. AU - Creswell, T. AU - Miles, J. AU - Peet, M. T2 - The Cut Flower Quarterly DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 12 IS - 3 SP - 30-32 ER - TY - MGZN TI - Alternatives exist for greenhouse tomatoes. Fruit & Vegetable Southern Special AU - Peet, M.M. AU - Miles, J.F. T2 - Farm Chronicle of North Carolina and Country Folks Grower DA - 2000/11/27/ PY - 2000/11/27/ SP - 10 ER - TY - NEWS TI - Organic Greenhouse Vegetable Production T2 - North Carolina Greenhouse Vegetable Growers Association Newsletter C2 - Fall PY - 2000/// SP - 7–11 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Organic Greenhouse Tomato Production Studied AU - Peet, M.M. T2 - Pennsylvania Vegetable Growers News DA - 2000/4// PY - 2000/4// SP - 24–26 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Transpirational cooling of Greenhouse crops AU - Seginer, I. AU - Willits, D.H. AU - Raviv, M. AU - Peet, M.M. T2 - BARD Research Project DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// M1 - IS-2538-95R M3 - Final report BARD Research Project SN - IS-2538-95R ER - TY - CONF TI - Greenhouse alternatives AU - Peet, M.M. AU - Miles, J.F. T2 - Southeast Vegetable and Fruit Expo/AGTECH 2000 C2 - 2000/12/6/ CY - Greensboro, NC DA - 2000/12/6/ PY - 2000/12/12/ ER - TY - CONF TI - The relationship between the changes in pollen carbohydrates and related enzymatic activities and pollen germination in pepper Capsicum annuum, under high temperature and high atmospheric CO2 AU - Aloni, B. AU - Peet, M. AU - Pharr, M.D. AU - Pressman, E. AU - Ganot, D. AU - Leah, K. T2 - XVI International Congress on Sexual Plant Reproduction C2 - 2000/// CY - Banff Conference Centre, Banff, Alberta, Canada DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/4/1/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Changes in carbohydrate content in developing anther and pollen grains: the effect of heat-stress and high CO2 levels AU - Pressman, E. AU - Peet, M.M. AU - Pharr, M.D. T2 - XVI International Congress on Sexual Plant Reproduction C2 - 2000/// CY - Banff Conference Centre, Banff, Alberta, Canada DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/4/1/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Effects of heat stress at varying humidity levels on pollen development, starch accumulation in the anther, pollen release and fruitset in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) AU - Peet, M.M. AU - Clement, C. AU - Sato, S. T2 - XVI International Congress on Sexual Plant Reproduction C2 - 2000/// CY - Banff Conference Centre, Banff, Alberta, Canada DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/4/1/ ER - TY - CONF TI - The effects of chronic, mild heat stress on gas exchange, fruitset, anther dehiscence, and production, release and viability of pollen in five tomato cultivars varying in heat tolerance AU - Sato, S. AU - Peet, M.M. T2 - XVI International Congress on Sexual Plant Reproduction C2 - 2000/// CY - Banff Conference Centre, Banff, Alberta, Canada DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/4/1/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Performance of ‘Gala’ apple on 18 dwarf rootstocks: A five year summary of the 1994 NC-140 dwarf rootstock trial AU - Marini, R.P. AU - Anderson, J.L. AU - Autio, W.R. AU - Barritt, B.H. AU - Cline, J. AU - Cowgill, W.P., Jr. AU - Crassweller, R.M. AU - Domoto, P.A. AU - Ferree, D.C. AU - Garner, J. AU - Gaus, A. AU - Greene, G.M. AU - Hampson, C. AU - Hirst, P. AU - Kushad, M.M. AU - Mielke, E. AU - Mullins, C.A. AU - Parker, M. AU - Perry, R.L. AU - Prive, J.P. AU - Reighard, G.L. AU - Robinson, T. AU - Rom, C.R. AU - Roper, T. AU - Schupp, J.R. AU - Stover, E. AU - Unrath, R. T2 - Journal of the American Pomological Society DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 54 IS - 2 SP - 92–107 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Performance of ‘Gala’ apple on four semi-dwarf rootstocks: A five year summary of the 1994 NC-140 semi-dwarf rootstock trial AU - Marini, R.P. AU - Anderson, J.L. AU - Barritt, B.H. AU - Brown, G.R. AU - Cline, J. AU - Cowgill, W.P., Jr. AU - Domoto, P.A. AU - Ferree, D.C. AU - Garner, J. AU - Greene, G.M. AU - Hampson, C. AU - Hirst, P. AU - Kushad, M.M. AU - Mielke, E. AU - Mullins, C.A. AU - Parker, M. AU - Perry, R.L. AU - Prive, J.P. AU - Reighard, G.L. AU - Robinson, T. AU - Rom, C.R. AU - Roper, T. AU - Schupp, J.R. AU - Stover, E. AU - Unrath, R. T2 - Journal of the American Pomological Society DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 54 IS - 2 SP - 84–91 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Linkage inheritance among 6 genes in cucumber AU - Liu, J.S. AU - Wehner, T.C. T2 - Hereditas (Beijing) DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 22 IS - 3 SP - 137–140 ER - TY - JOUR TI - 640 Developing Fertilizer and Substrate Practices for Organic Greenhouse Tomato Production AU - Miles, Janet F. AU - Peet, Mary M. T2 - HortScience AB - `Grace' tomatoes were grown utilizing three different growing methods: organic, conventional, and biorational (IPM and use of reduced-risk pesticides). There was one treatment per greenhouse per growing season. Treatments were rotated for each crop. Inputs for the organic system were allowable according to the Carolina Farm Stewardship Materials List for organic certification or the Organic Material Review Institute (OMRI). Organic methods were compared to conventional and biorational methods in a total of two spring and two fall crops. The conventional and biorational substrates consisted of a commercial peat/perlite blend containing a “starter” nutrient charge. The organic substrates were a coir pinebark blend and a peat/perlite/vermiculite commercial substrate without non-organic “starter nutrients” and wetting agents. Organic substrates were amended with 15% by volume vermi-compost and dolomitic lime. Organic nutrient amendments were bloodmeal, bonemeal, and potassium sulfate to provide an initial nutrient charge. Organic post-transplant fertilization practices included three commercial blends used at several application rates. Fertilizers were applied by “mixing and pouring” in Spring 1998, but were injected into the drip irrigation system for the remaining three growing seasons. Data was collected on harvest yield, fruit quality, and plant development. In the first two growing seasons, organic production resulted in the highest percentage of number1 quality fruit, but in Spring 1998, these plants were developmentally slow, resulting in lowest total yields. In the Fall 1998 and Spring 1999 crop, all measurements of growth and yield for organic production were comparable to those in conventional and biorational controls. We feel however, that additional development work is required in the organic treatments to optimize transplant production, post-plant fertilization regimes and biocontrol application. DA - 2000/6// PY - 2000/6// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.35.3.507f VL - 35 IS - 3 SP - 507F–508 SN - 0018-5345 2327-9834 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.507f ER - TY - JOUR TI - 612 The Relationship of Pollen Development and Release to Fruit and Seed Production in Tomato Cultivars Exposed to Heat Stress at Varying Humidity Levels AU - Peet, M.M. AU - Clement, C. AU - Sato, S. T2 - HortScience AB - Starting 2 weeks before anthesis of the first flower, tomato cultivars ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) differing in heat tolerance were exposed to mild heat stress (31/24 vs. 28/22 °C) at three levels of relative humidity (30%, 60%, and 90%) in controlled environment chambers at the Duke Univ. Phytotron. Pollen development in the anthers was followed cytologically, pollen release was measured at anthesis, and seed production and fruit weight were measured as fruit matured. Fruit and seed development were best at 60%RH and 28/22 °C and worst at 90% RH and 31/24. Seed development was poor at 31/24 °C at all humidity levels. It was also poor at 28/22 in the 90% RH treatment. Low relative humidity had a greater negtive effect on fruit and seed production and on cytological development in plants grown at high temperature. Pollen release was also reduced at 90% RH, with virtually no pollen released at 31/24 °C. Cytological examinations revealed developmental anomolies in pollen in some, but not all cultivars at 90% and 30% RH. Plant height was also affected by the treatments, with much taller plants in the high-temperature, high-humidity treatments. DA - 2000/6// PY - 2000/6// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.35.3.502e VL - 35 IS - 3 SP - 502E–503 SN - 0018-5345 2327-9834 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.502e ER - TY - JOUR TI - 587 Physiological Factors Limiting Tomato Fruitset at Moderately Elevated Temperatures AU - Peet, M.M. AU - Sato, S. T2 - HortScience AB - The effects of chronic, mild heat stress on fruit set, fruit production, release of pollen grains, photosynthesis, night respiration, and anther dehiscence were ex-amined in tomatoes ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) differing in high temperature sensitivity. Plants were grown under three temperature regimes: 1) 28/22 or 26/22 °C (optimal temperature) 2) 32/26 °C (high temperature), and 3) 32/26 °C day/night temperatures relieved at 28/22 °C for 10 days before anthesis, then returned to 32/26 °C (relieving treatment). `FLA 7156' was the only cultivar with fruit set at 32/26 °C. All five cultivars, however, had fruit set in the relieving treatment (RT). The longer the relief, the higher was the percentage of fruit set. Longer periods of relief also increased the number of pollen grains released and linear regression analysis showed a significant relationship between the number of pollen grains released and the percentage of fruit set. Germination of pollen grains was also lowered in high-temperature-grown plants. The number of pollen grains produced, photosynthesis, and night respiration did not limit fruit set under chronic, mild heat stress, however. This suggested that cultivar differences in ability to release pollen and to produce viable pollen under heat stress are the most important factors determining their ability to set fruit. DA - 2000/6// PY - 2000/6// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.35.3.497e VL - 35 IS - 3 SP - 497E–498 SN - 0018-5345 2327-9834 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.497e ER - TY - CHAP TI - Crop ecosystem responses to climatic change: vegetable crops. AU - Peet, M. M. AU - Wolfe, D. W. T2 - Climate change and global crop productivity. A2 - Reddy, K.R. A2 - Hodges, H.F. PY - 2000/11/16/ DO - 10.1079/9780851994390.0213 SP - 213–243 PB - CABI SN - 9780851994390 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9780851994390.0213 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluation of Sweetpotato Cultivars to Root-knot Nematodes AU - Cervantes, J.C. AU - Davis, D.L. AU - Yencho, G.C. T2 - HortScience AB - This study was conducted to determine whether the type of pot used for the evaluation affected the resistance response of the sweetpotato plants, and to assess the resistance response to different root-knot nematode species. Five sweetpotato [ Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] cultivars, `Beauregard', `Exce'l, `Jewel', `Hernandez', and `Porto Rico', were screened for M. incognita (race 3), Meloidogyne arenaria (race 2), and M. javanica , in both 10-cm-side, square pots and 4-cm-diameter, cone pots. Gall index, necrosis index, and number of nematode eggs per gram of root were used to estimate nematode-resistance reaction. Mean of all indices between the 2 pot types were not significantly different (α = 0.05). Gall and necrosis indices were not correlated in any of the cultivars. Resistance response depended on cultivars and nematode species for all variables analyzed. `Beauregard' was the most susceptible to Meloidogyne . `Hernandez' and `Excel' were found to be the most resistant cultivars to the Meloidogyne species. DA - 2000/7// PY - 2000/7// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.35.4.569e VL - 35 IS - 4 SP - 569E-569d ER - TY - JOUR TI - A Training Series for Cooperative Extension Agents on Organic Farming Systems AU - Creamer, N.G. AU - Baldwin, K.R. AU - Louws, F.J. T2 - HortTechnology AB - More than 50 agents participated in a series of workshops that were offered as in-service training and as a graduate level North Carolina State University (NCSU) course worth four credits. The Organic Unit at the Center for Environmental Farming Systems (CEFS), a 100-acre (40-ha) facility dedicated to research and education in organic farming systems, served as a home base for training activities. These training activities consisted of lectures, hands-on demonstrations, group discussions, field trips, and class exercises. Two unique features of the workshops were the interdisciplinary, team teaching approach and the emphasis on integration of information about interactions among production practices. This well-received, successful training program will serve as a model for future extension training. A training manual, slide sets, extension publications, and an organic farming web site are being created to provide agents with the resource materials they need to conduct county-based educational programming in organic production systems and enterprises. The model for extension training presented in this report is an effective means for engaging county agents in continuing education and professional development. Interdisciplinary teaching teams allow for a full, integrated treatment of subject matter and present a whole systems perspective to agents. Regularly scheduled, intensive sessions that accommodate busy calendars and utilize time efficiently provide a strong incentive for regular attendance. Awarding graduate level university credit hours for completion of required course work attracts and retains prospective student and agents. Encouragement of active participation by agents through hands-on field activities, open discussion of issues that impact agricultural and rural life, and field trips to view concepts presented in a real world context ensure that educational goals are fulfilled and that active learning takes place. This model should be used in future extension training programs. DA - 2000/1// PY - 2000/1// DO - 10.21273/horttech.10.4.675 VL - 10 IS - 4 SP - 675-681 ER - TY - JOUR TI - What Are Burpless Cucumbers? AU - Wehner, Todd C. T2 - HortTechnology AB - Burpless cucumbers are listed in many seed catalogs as being milder in taste (or easier on the digestion) than the american slicing type. It has been suggested by researchers that burpless cucumbers 1) contain less of a burp-causing compound, 2) are genetically bitterfree, or 3) are just the marketing term for oriental trellis cucumbers sold in the U.S. The objective of this experiment was to determine whether oriental trellis cucumbers cause less burping when eaten, and whether they are genetically bitterfree. An american slicer (`Marketmore 76'), a bitterfree slicer (`Marketmore 80'), and a burpless oriental trellis slicer (`Tasty Bright') were compared. Burpiness of the fruit was determined in the field in two seasons (spring and summer) and two replications. Six judges were grouped into burp-susceptible and burp-resistant. They evaluated the cultivars over two harvests by eating a 4-inch (100-mm) length of one fruit of the three cultivars (in random order) on three consecutive days. Burpiness was rated 0 to 9 (0 = none, 1 to 3 = slight, 4 to 6 = moderate, 7 to 9 = severe). Bitterness of the plants was determined (using different judges) by tasting one cotyledon of six seedlings per cultivar. Cotyledon bitterness is an indicator of plant bitterness; bitterfree plants lack cucurbitacins, and have mild-tasting fruit. Results of taste tests indicated that burpiness ratings were not significantly differentfor burp resistant judges. However, oriental trellis cucumbers were slightly but significantly milder than american slicers for judges susceptible to burping. `Marketmore 76' and `Tasty Bright' were normal-bitter, and `Marketmore 80' was bitterfree. An additional 11 oriental trellis cultivars were also tested for bitterness to determine whether Tasty Bright was typical in bitterness; they were all normal-bitter. In conclusion, oriental trellis cucumbers are not bitterfree, but are slightly milder for burp-susceptible people to eat. Finally, burpless is the marketing term for oriental trellis cucumbers in the United States. DA - 2000/1// PY - 2000/1// DO - 10.21273/horttech.10.2.317 VL - 1 SP - 317-320 OP - SN - 1063-0198 1943-7714 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.10.2.317 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CONF TI - Polyploidy: From evolution to landscape plant improvement AU - Ranney, T.G. C2 - 2000/// C3 - Proceedings of the 11th Conference of the Metropolitan Tree Improvement Alliance DA - 2000/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Evaluating fire blight resistance among flowering crabapples (Malus spp.) AU - Bell, A.C. AU - Ranney, T.G. AU - Eaker, T.A. AU - Sutton, T.B. C2 - 2000/// C3 - Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 45th Annual Report DA - 2000/// SP - 244–248 ER - TY - CONF TI - Effects of heat and drought on photosynthesis in redbuds AU - Griffin, J.J. AU - Ranney, T.G. C2 - 2000/// C3 - Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 45th Annual Report DA - 2000/// SP - 464–467 ER - TY - CONF TI - Controlled screening of flowering pears and crabapples for resistance to fire blight AU - Bell, A.C. AU - Ranney, T.G. AU - Eaker, T.A. AU - Sutton, T.B. C2 - 2000/// C3 - Proceedings of the 11th Conference of the Metropolitan Tree Improvement Alliance DA - 2000/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Propagation of Anemone x hybrida by rooted cuttings AU - Dubois, J-J B. AU - Blazich, F. A. AU - Warren, S. L. AU - Goldfarb, B. T2 - Journal of Environmental Horticulture DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 18 SP - 79-83 ER - TY - CONF TI - Lemna gibba growth and nutrient uptake in response to different nutrient levels AU - Classen, J. J. AU - Cheng, J. AU - Bergmann, B. A. AU - Stomp, A. M. C2 - 2000/// C3 - Animal, agricultural, and food processing wastes : proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium, October 9-11, 2000, Des Moines, Iowa DA - 2000/// SN - 1892769115 ER - TY - PAT TI - Peach tree named 'Corinthian White' AU - Werner, D. AU - Worthington, S. AU - Snelling, L. C2 - 2000/// DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// ER - TY - PAT TI - Peach tree named 'Corinthian Rose' AU - Werner, D. AU - Worthington, S. AU - Snelling, L. C2 - 2000/// DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// ER - TY - PAT TI - Peach tree named 'Corinthian Mauve' AU - Werner, D. AU - Worthington, S. AU - Snelling, L. C2 - 2000/// DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// ER - TY - BOOK TI - PourThru nutritional monitoring manual AU - Whipker, B. E. AU - Fonteno, W. C. AU - Cavins, T. J. AU - Bailey, D. A. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// PB - Raleigh, N.C. : North Carolina State University SE - 40 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Breeding for high fruit yield in cucumber AU - Shetty, NV AU - Wehner, TC T2 - PROCEEDINGS OF CUCURBITACEAE 2000 DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2000.510.3 IS - 510 SP - 21-27 SN - 0567-7572 KW - Cucumis sativus KW - vegetable breeding ER - TY - JOUR TI - Influence of photoperiod and day/night temperatures on flowering of Amaryllis (Hippeastrum) cv. apple blossom AU - De Hertogh, AA AU - Gallitano, L T2 - XXV INTERNATIONAL HORTICULTURAL CONGRESS, PROCEEDINGS - PT 5 AB - ISHS XXV International Horticultural Congress, Part 5: Culture Techniques with Special Emphasis on Environmental Implications Chemical, Physical and Biological Means of Regulating Crop Growth in Ornamentals and Other Crops INFLUENCE OF PHOTOPERIOD AND DAY/NIGHT TEMPERATURES ON FLOWERING OF AMARYLLIS (HIPPEASTRUM) CV. APPLE BLOSSOM DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2000.515.15 IS - 515 SP - 129-134 SN - 0567-7572 KW - Amaryllis KW - Hippeastrum KW - flower bulbs KW - flowering KW - geophyte KW - photoperiod KW - temperature ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sun Leaper, a hybrid tomato, and its parent, NCHS-1 AU - Gardner, R. G. T2 - HortScience DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 35 IS - 5 SP - 960-961 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Carbohydrates AU - Pharr, D. M. AU - Williamson, J. D. T2 - Plant sciences: Vol. 1 CN - Ref. QK49 .P52 2001 v.1 PY - 2000/// SP - 120-122 PB - New York: Macmillan Reference USA ER - TY - JOUR TI - Screening the cucumber germplasm collection for resistance to gummy stem blight in North Carolina field tests AU - Wehner, T. C. AU - Shetty, N. V. T2 - HortScience DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 35 IS - 6 SP - 1132-1140 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Recombinant brassinosteroid insensitive 1 receptor-like kinase autophosphorylates on serine and threonine residues and phosphorylates a conserved peptide motif in vitro AU - Oh, MH AU - Ray, WK AU - Huber, SC AU - Asara, JM AU - Gage, DA AU - Clouse, SD T2 - PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AB - BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1) encodes a putative Leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase in Arabidopsis that has been shown by genetic and molecular analysis to be a critical component of brassinosteroid signal transduction. In this study we examined some of the biochemical properties of the BRI1 kinase domain (BRI1-KD) in vitro, which might be important predictors of in vivo function. Recombinant BRI1-KD autophosphorylated on serine (Ser) and threonine (Thr) residues with p-Ser predominating. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry identified a minimum of 12 sites of autophosphorylation in the cytoplasmic domain of BRI1, including five in the juxtamembrane region (N-terminal to the catalytic KD), five in the KD (one each in sub-domains I and VIa and three in sub-domain VIII), and two in the carboxy terminal region. Five of the sites were uniquely identified (Ser-838, Thr-842, Thr-846, Ser-858, and Thr-872), whereas seven were localized on short peptides but remain ambiguous due to multiple Ser and/or Thr residues within these peptides. The inability of an active BRI1-KD to transphosphorylate an inactive mutant KD suggests that the mechanism of autophosphorylation is intramolecular. It is interesting that recombinant BRI1-KD was also found to phosphorylate certain synthetic peptides in vitro. To identify possible structural elements required for substrate recognition by BRI1-KD, a series of synthetic peptides were evaluated, indicating that optimum phosphorylation of the peptide required R or K residues at P - 3, P - 4, and P + 5 (relative to the phosphorylated Ser at P = 0). DA - 2000/10// PY - 2000/10// DO - 10.1104/pp.124.2.751 VL - 124 IS - 2 SP - 751-765 SN - 1532-2548 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Keeping organics from getting out of hand. AU - Sherman-Huntoon, R. T2 - Resource Recycling DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - XIX IS - 5 SP - 13-18 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fertilizer management impacts on stand establishment, disease, and yield of Irish potato AU - Crozier, CR AU - Creamer, NG AU - Cubeta, MA T2 - POTATO RESEARCH DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1007/BF02358513 VL - 43 IS - 1 SP - 49-59 SN - 1871-4528 KW - Solanum tuberosum L. KW - soil fertility KW - soluble salts KW - plant spacing KW - Rhizoctonia ER - TY - JOUR TI - A general mixture model approach for mapping quantitative trait loci from diverse cross designs involving multiple inbred lines AU - Liu, YF AU - Zeng, ZB T2 - GENETICAL RESEARCH AB - Most current statistical methods developed for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) based on inbred line designs apply to crosses from two inbred lines. Analysis of QTL in these crosses is restricted by the parental genetic differences between lines. Crosses from multiple inbred lines or multiple families are common in plant and animal breeding programmes, and can be used to increase the efficiency of a QTL mapping study. A general statistical method using mixture model procedures and the EM algorithm is developed for mapping QTL from various cross designs of multiple inbred lines. The general procedure features three cross design matrices, W , that define the contribution of parental lines to a particular cross and a genetic design matrix, D , that specifies the genetic model used in multiple line crosses. By appropriately specifying W matrices, the statistical method can be applied to various cross designs, such as diallel, factorial, cyclic, parallel or arbitrary-pattern cross designs with two or multiple parental lines. Also, with appropriate specification for the D matrix, the method can be used to analyse different kinds of cross populations, such as F 2 backcross, four-way cross and mixed crosses (e.g. combining backcross and F 2 ). Simulation studies were conducted to explore the properties of the method, and confirmed its applicability to diverse experimental designs. DA - 2000/6// PY - 2000/6// DO - 10.1017/S0016672300004493 VL - 75 IS - 3 SP - 345-355 SN - 0016-6723 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Arabidopsis PHD-finger protein SHL is required for proper development and fertility AU - Mussig, C AU - Kauschmann, A AU - Clouse, SD AU - Altmann, T T2 - MOLECULAR AND GENERAL GENETICS DA - 2000/11// PY - 2000/11// DO - 10.1007/s004380000313 VL - 264 IS - 4 SP - 363-370 SN - 0026-8925 KW - PHD finger KW - BAH domain KW - transcription factor KW - nuclear localization KW - Arabidopsis ER - TY - JOUR TI - Physiological factors limit fruit set of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) under chronic, mild heat stress AU - Sato, S AU - Peet, MM AU - Thomas, JF T2 - PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT AB - ABSTRACT The effects of chronic, mild heat stress on fruit set, fruit production, release of pollen grains, photosynthesis, night respiration and anther dehiscence were examined in tomatoes ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) differing in high‐temperature sensitivity. Plants were grown under three temperature regimes: (1) 28/22 or 26/22 °C (optimal temperature); (2) 32/26 °C (high temperature); and (3) 32/26 °C day/night temperatures relieved at 28/22 °C for 10 d before anthesis, then returned to 32/26 °C (relieving treatment). FLA 7156 was the only cultivar with fruit set at 32/26 °C. All five cultivars, however, had fruit set under the relieving treatment (RT). The longer the relief, the higher the percentage of fruit set. Longer periods of relief also increased the number of pollen grains released, and linear regression analysis showed a significant relationship between the number of pollen grains released and the percentage of fruit set. Germination of pollen grains was also lowered in high‐temperature‐grown plants. The number of pollen grains produced, photosynthesis and night respiration did not limit fruit set under chronic, mild heat stress, however. This suggested that cultivar differences in pollen release and germination under heat stress are the most important factors determining their ability to set fruit. DA - 2000/7// PY - 2000/7// DO - 10.1046/j.1365-3040.2000.00589.x VL - 23 IS - 7 SP - 719-726 SN - 1365-3040 KW - Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. KW - Solanaceae KW - anther dehiscence KW - fruit set KW - high temperature KW - microsporogenesis KW - photosynthesis KW - pollen germination KW - pollen release KW - tomato ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nomenclatural notes on the genus Clitoria for the Flora North America Project AU - Fantz, P. R. T2 - Castanea DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 65 IS - 2 SP - 89-92 ER - TY - PAT TI - Methods for lyophilizing and using ericoid mycorrhizal fungi AU - Starrett, M. C. AU - Blazich, F. A. AU - Shafer, S. R. AU - Grand, L. F. C2 - 2000/// DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// ER - TY - PAT TI - Increasing expression of transgenes in plant cells using insulator elements AU - Thompson, W. AU - Allen, G. AU - Mankin, S. C2 - 2000/// DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Formation of a hexokinase complex is associated with changes in energy utilization in celery organs and cells AU - Yamamoto, YT AU - Prata, RTN AU - Williamson, JD AU - Weddington, M AU - Pharr, DM T2 - PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM AB - We previously presented evidence that the hexose‐regulated repression of the mannitol catabolic enzyme mannitol dehydrogenase (MTD) in celery ( Apium graveolens L.) may be mediated by hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1) (HK) [Prata et al. (1997) Plant Physiol 114: 307–314]. To see if differential regulation of HK forms might be involved in the sugar‐regulated repression of MTD we characterized two forms of HK with respect to their expression in various plant organs as well as in celery suspension cell cultures. We found that the vast majority of HK activity was membrane‐associated, whereas fructokinase (EC 2.7.1.4) was found largely in the soluble cell fraction. Gel filtration chromatography further revealed the differential expression of two molecular size classes of HK. One HK (HK‐L) chromatographed at 68 kDa, a typical size for a plant HK, while the second (HK‐H) chromatographed at 280 kDa. This unique 280 kDa HK was shown to be composed of a 50 kDa HK protein, possibly complexed with other, as yet unidentified, components. The HK‐L was present in all cells and organs analyzed, and thus may be a likely candidate for mediation of sugar repression. In contrast, the presence of the HK‐H complex was specific to certain organs and cells grown under certain conditions. Our analyses here showed no correlation between the presence of the HK‐H and MTD repression or derepression in celery cells. Instead, the HK‐H complex was present exclusively in rapidly growing organs and cells, but not in non‐growing celery storage tissues or in carbon‐depleted celery suspension‐cultured cells. Furthermore, the HK‐H complex was present when Glc in the growth media was replaced with 2‐deoxy Glc, a HK substrate that does not provide energy for growth and metabolism. These results imply that the HK‐H complex may have a potentially unique role in the metabolism of rapidly growing celery cells, in particular, in hexose phosphorylation. We also found that mitochondria prepared from Glc‐grown celery suspension‐cultured cells contained substantial HK activity, and that oxygen uptake of these mitochondria was stimulated by Glc. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that mitochondrial localization of celery HK may play a role in rapid recycling of adenylate. DA - 2000/9// PY - 2000/9// DO - 10.1034/j.1399-3054.2000.110104.x VL - 110 IS - 1 SP - 28-37 SN - 0031-9317 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Descriptions and a key to cultivars of Japanese cedar cultivated in the eastern United States AU - Rouse, R. J. AU - Fantz, P. R. AU - Bilderback, T. E. T2 - HortTechnology DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 10 IS - 2 SP - 253-266 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Composting animal mortalities in North carolina AU - Sherman-Huntoon, R. T2 - BioCycle DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 41 IS - 12 SP - 57 ER - TY - DATA TI - Barbieria; Clitoria AU - Fantz, P. R. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - My view AU - Bell, CE AU - Fennimore, SA AU - McGiffen, ME AU - Lanini, WT AU - Monks, DW AU - Masiunas, JB AU - Bonanno, AR AU - Zandstra, BH AU - Umeda, K AU - Stall, WM AU - Bellinder, RR AU - William, RD AU - McReynolds, RB T2 - WEED SCIENCE AB - An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1614/0043-1745(2000)048[0001:MV]2.0.CO;2 VL - 48 IS - 1 SP - 1-1 SN - 1550-2759 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Modulation of 14-3-3 protein interactions with target polypeptides by physical and metabolic effectors AU - Athwal, G. S. AU - Lombardo, C. R. AU - Huber, J. L. AU - Masters, S. C. AU - Fu, H. A. AU - Huber, S. C. T2 - Plant and Cell Physiology AB - The proteins commonly referred to as 14-3-3s have recently come to prominence in the study of protein:protein interactions, having been shown to act as allosteric or steric regulators and possibly scaffolds. The binding of 14-3-3 proteins to the regulatory phosphorylation site of nitrate reductase (NR) was studied in real-time by surface plasmon resonance, using primarily an immobilized synthetic phosphopeptide based on spinach NR-Ser543. Both plant and yeast 14-3-3 proteins were shown to bind the immobilized peptide ligand in a Mg2+-stimulated manner. Stimulation resulted from a reduction in KD and an increase in steady-state binding level (Req). As shown previously for plant 14-3-3s, fluorescent probes also indicated that yeast BMH2 interacted directly with cations, which bind and affect surface hydrophobicity. Binding of 14-3-3s to the phosphopeptide ligand occurred in the absence of divalent cations when the pH was reduced below neutral, and the basis for enhanced binding was a reduction in KD. At pH 7.5 (+Mg2+), AMP inhibited binding of plant 14-3-3s to the NR based peptide ligand. The binding of AMP to 14-3-3s was directly demonstrated by equilibrium dialysis (plant), and from the observation that recombinant plant 14-3-3s have a low, but detectable, AMP phosphatase activity. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1093/pcp/41.4.523 VL - 41 IS - 4 SP - 523-533 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Constitutive hydrolytic enzymes are associated with polygenic resistance of tomato to Alternaria solani and may function as an elicitor release mechanism AU - Lawrence, CB AU - Singh, NP AU - Qiu, JS AU - Gardner, RG AU - Tuzun, S T2 - PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY AB - Foliar resistance to early blight disease of tomato, caused by the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria solani, is inherited in a complex quantitative manner. Our previous studies revealed that three moderately-resistant tomato breeding lines with different sources of early blight resistance, all possessed higher constitutive and more rapid accumulation of PR proteins, including specific antifungal isozymes of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase than susceptible genotypes. In the present study, additional early blight resistant tomato breeding lines and susceptible genotypes were investigated for their constitutive levels of PR proteins. All resistant lines possessed higher constitutive levels of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase than susceptible genotypes supporting earlier reported findings. Constitutive and pathogen-induced expression of PR genes during early stages of the interaction was found to be much higher in the highly resistant breeding line NC 24-E than a susceptible line.In vitro elicitor release experiments were performed with purified A. solani cell walls treated with constitutive total enzyme preparations isolated from resistant and susceptible plants. Enzyme preparations from resistant and susceptible genotypes differed in their ability to produce hypersensitive response (HR) elicitors from fungal cell walls: the enzyme preparations from resistant breeding lines released HR elicitors, while enzyme preparations from susceptible lines did not. Additionally, experiments with a partially purified preparation of basic tomato chitinases demonstrated that these enzymes were able to release HR elicitors from germinating spores of A. solani, but not mature, intact cell walls. The possibility that constitutively produced hydrolytic enzymes may act as an elicitor-releasing mechanism in resistance to early blight of tomato is discussed. DA - 2000/11// PY - 2000/11// DO - 10.1006/pmpp.2000.0298 VL - 57 IS - 5 SP - 211-220 SN - 0885-5765 KW - Alternaria solani KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - pathogenesis-related proteins ER - TY - BOOK TI - Community backyard composting programs can reduce waste and save money AU - Sherman, R. CN - TD796.5 .S54 2000 DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// PB - Raleigh: N.C. Cooperative Extension Service ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bloom and postbloom applications of NAD/NAA mixture have minimal effects on yield and fruit size of field-grown tomatoes and peppers AU - Stover, E. W. AU - Stoffella, P. J. AU - Garrison, S. A. AU - Leskovar, D. I. AU - Sanders, D. C. AU - Vavrina, C. S. T2 - HortScience DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 35 IS - 7 SP - 1263-1264 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Weed management in glufosinate- and glyphosate-resistant soybean (Glycine max) AU - Culpepper, AS AU - York, AC AU - Batts, RB AU - Jennings, KM T2 - WEED TECHNOLOGY AB - An experiment was conducted at six locations in North Carolina to compare weed-management treatments using glufosinate postemergence (POST) in glufosinate-resistant soybean, glyphosate POST in glyphosate-resistant soybean, and imazaquin plus SAN 582 preemergence (PRE) followed by chlorimuron POST in nontransgenic soybean. Prickly sida and sicklepod were controlled similarly and 84 to 100% by glufosinate and glyphosate. Glyphosate controlled broadleaf signalgrass, fall panicum, goosegrass, rhizomatous johnsongrass, common lambsquarters, and smooth pigweed at least 90%. Control of these weeds by glyphosate often was greater than control by glufosinate. Mixing fomesafen with glufosinate increased control of these species except johnsongrass. Glufosinate often was more effective than glyphosate on entireleaf and tall morningglories. Fomesafen mixed with glyphosate increased morningglory control but reduced smooth pigweed control. Glufosinate or glyphosate applied sequentially or early postemergence (EPOST) following imazaquin plus SAN 582 PRE often were more effective than glufosinate or glyphosate applied only EPOST. Only rhizomatous johnsongrass was controlled more effectively by glufosinate or glyphosate treatments than by imazaquin plus SAN 582 PRE followed by chlorimuron POST. Yields and net returns with soil-applied herbicides only were often lower than total POST herbicide treatments. Sequential POST herbicide applications or soil-applied herbicides followed by POST herbicides were usually more effective economically than single POST herbicide applications.Nomenclature: Chlorimuron, ethyl 2-[[[[(4-chloro-6-methoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl] amino]sulfonyl]benzoate; SAN 582 (proposed name, dimethenamid), 2-chloro-N-[(1-methyl-2-methoxy)ethyl]-N-(2,4-dimethyl-thien-3-yl)-acetamide; fomesafen, 5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-N-(methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzamide; glufosinate, 2-amino-4-(hydroxymethylphosphinyl) butanoic acid; glyphosate, N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine; imazaquin, 2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid; broadleaf signalgrass, Brachiaria platyphylla (Griseb.) Nash #2 BRAPP; carpetweed, Mollugo verticillata L. # MOLVE; common lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L. # CHEAL; common ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. # AMBEL; cutleaf groundcherry, Physalis angulata L. # PHYAN; eclipta, Eclipta prostrata L. # ECLAL; entireleaf morningglory, Ipomoea hederacea var. integriuscula Gray # IPOHG; fall panicum, Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. # PANDI; goosegrass, Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. # ELEIN; johnsongrass, Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. # SORHA; prickly sida, Sida spinosa L. # SIDSP; sicklepod, Senna obtusifolia L. Irwin and Barneby # CASOB; smooth pigweed, Amaranthus hybridus L. # AMACH; tall morningglory, Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth # PHBPU; soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Asgrow 5403 LL’, ‘Asgrow 5547 LL’, ‘Asgrow 5602 RR’, ‘Hartz 5566 RR’, ‘Southern States FFR 595’.Additional index words: Herbicide-resistant crops, Liberty Link soybean, nontransgenic soybean, Roundup Ready soybean.Abbreviations: DAT, days after treatment; EPOST, early postemergence; EPSPS, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase; LPOST, late postemergence; POST, postemergence; PRE, preemergence; THR, transgenic, herbicide-resistant; WAA, weeks after late postemergence application; WAP, weeks after planting. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1614/0890-037X(2000)014[0077:WMIGAG]2.0.CO;2 VL - 14 IS - 1 SP - 77-88 SN - 1550-2740 KW - chlorimuron, ethyl 2-[[[[(4-chloro-6-methoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]benzoate KW - SAN 582 (proposed name, dimethenamid), 2-chloro-N-[(1-methyl-2-methoxy)ethyl]-N-(2,4-dimethyl-thien-3-yl)-acetamide KW - fomesafen, 5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-N-(methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzamide KW - glufosinate, 2-amino-4-(hydroxymethylphosphinyl) butanoic acid KW - glyphosate, N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine KW - imazaquin, 2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid KW - broadleaf signalgrass, Brachiaria platyphylla (Griseb.) Nash #(2) BRAPP KW - carpetweed, Mollugo verticillata L. # MOLVE KW - common lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L. # CHEAL KW - common ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. # AMBEL KW - cutleaf groundcherry, Physalis angulata L. # PHYAN KW - eclipta, Eclipta prostrata L. # ECLAL KW - entireleaf morningglory, Ipomoea hederacea var. integriuscula Gray # IPOHG KW - fall panicum, Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. # PANDI KW - goosegrass, Eleusine indica (l.) Gaertn. # ELEIN KW - johnsongrass, Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. # SORHA KW - prickly sida, Sida spinosa L. # SIDSP KW - sicklepod, Senna obtusifolia L. Irwin and Barneby # CASOB KW - smooth pigweed, Amaranthus hybridus L. # AMACH KW - tall morningglory, Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth # PHBPU KW - soybean, Glycine max (l.) Merr. ' Asgrow 5403 LL ', ' Asgrow 5547 LL ', ' Asgrow 5602 RR ', ' Hartz 5566 RR ', ' Southern States FFR 595 ' KW - herbicide-resistant crops KW - Liberty Link soybean KW - nontransgenic soybean KW - Roundup Ready soybean ER - TY - JOUR TI - Intermittent application of water to an externally mounted, greenhouse shade cloth to modify cooling performance AU - Willits, D. H. AU - Peet, Mary T2 - Transactions of the ASAE AB - The cooling performance of an externally mounted, flat-woven, black-polypropylene shade cloth(manufacturers shade rating of 55%) was examined under both dry and wet conditions. Wetting was accomplished byintermittently sprinkling the cloth with water when outside solar levels were greater than 400 W m2. Compared to anunshaded greenhouse, the dry shade cloth reduced the rate of energy gain by about 26%, less than one-half the amountsuggested by the shade rating. At the same time, electrical energy consumption was also reduced by about 8% due toreduced operation of the cooling equipment in the shaded house. Under the wet cloth, the reduction in rate of energy gainimproved to about 41%, of which 3.5% was attributable to the increased shading provided by the water film. Airtemperature rise along the house was reduced by 18% under the dry cloth and 40% under the wet cloth. Leaf temperaturerise was reduced by only about 9% under the dry cloth; however, the value is misleading because leaf temperatures werereduced nearly uniformly along the house whereas air temperatures were reduced primarily at the exhaust end. Under wetshade, leaf temperature rise was reduced nearly 43% and electrical energy consumption by 21%. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.13031/2013.3018 VL - 43 IS - 5 SP - 1247–1252 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Herbicides for potential use in lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) production AU - Vangessel, MJ AU - Monks, DM AU - Johnson, QR T2 - WEED TECHNOLOGY AB - Herbicides registered for lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) do not consistently control many troublesome weeds. Some herbicides registered for soybean (Glycine max) will control these weeds, but tolerance to lima bean is not known. Two field and two greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate recently registered soybean herbicides for lima bean tolerance. Field studies were conducted in Delaware from 1996 to 1998, and in North Carolina during 1997 and 1998. The first field study evaluated the preemergence (PRE) herbicides cloransulam at 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, and 0.04 kg ai/ha; flumetsulam at 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, and 0.07 plus metolachlor at 1.3, 1.6, 1.8, and 2.1 kg ai/ha; sulfentrazone at 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, and 0.25 kg ai/ha; lactofen at 0.2 and 0.25 kg ai/ha; and the commercial standard treatment of imazethapyr plus metolachlor at 0.05 and 1.7 kg ai/ha, respectively. Lima bean injury 5 to 8 wk after emergence was lowest for imazethapyr plus metolachlor (standard treatment) and all four rates of cloransulam. Crop injury with flumetsulam plus metolachlor ranged from 0 to 18% and sulfentrazone ranged from 3 to 75% depending on location and rate. Lactofen treatments caused unacceptable lima bean injury. Yield in plots treated with cloransulam were consistently greater than in the plots treated with other herbicides. The second field study examined the postemergence (POST) herbicides cloransulam (0.013 or 0.02 kg ai/ha), bentazon (1.1 kg ai/ha), imazethapyr (0.035 or 0.053 kg ai/ha), and imazamox (0.018 or 0.036 kg ai/ha), applied when the crop was at the first trifoliolate stage. Cloransulam caused 0 to 13% crop injury and imazamox caused 3 to 25% injury depending on rate and location. In greenhouse studies, no differences were observed among eight common processing lima bean cultivars in tolerance to sulfentrazone applied PRE or to cloransulam, imazamox, imazethapyr, or bentazon applied POST.Nomenclature: Bentazon, 3-(1-methylethyl)-(1H)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide; cloransulam, 3-chloro-2-[[(5-ethoxy-7-fluoro[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine-2yl)sulfonyl]amino]benzoic acid; flumetsulam, N-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-5-methyl[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-α]pyrimidine-2-sulfonamide; imazamox, 2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-(methoxymethyl)-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid; imazethapyr, 2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-ethyl-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid; lactofen, (±)-2-ethoxy-1-methyl-2-oxoethyl-5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoate; metolachlor, 2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide; sulfentrazone, N-[2,4-dichloro-5-[4-(difluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]phenyl]methanesulfonamide; lima bean, Phaseolus lunatus L., ‘M-15’, ‘F1072’, ‘M-408’, ‘Packers’, ‘Concentrated Fordhook’, ‘8-78’, ‘Eastland’; soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr.Additional index words: Crop tolerance; varietal sensitivity.Abbreviations: COC, crop oil concentrate; NIS, nonionic surfactant; POST, postemergence; PRE, preemergence; WAT, weeks after treatment. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1614/0890-037x(2000)014[0279:hfpuil]2.0.co;2 VL - 14 IS - 2 SP - 279-286 SN - 1550-2740 KW - crop tolerance KW - varietal sensitivity ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of herbicides on pepper (Capsicum annuum) stand establishment and yield from transplants produced using various irrigation systems AU - Galloway, BA AU - Monks, DW AU - Schultheis, , JR T2 - WEED TECHNOLOGY AB - Studies were conducted in 1996 and 1997 to determine the effect of irrigation systems used to produce transplants on subsequent tolerance of banana and bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) transplants to field-applied herbicides. The irrigation systems were overhead (OH), ebb and flood (EF), and float (F). At 2 and 4 wk, banana and bell pepper injury was greatest from clomazone (1.1 kg/ha) treatments. Banana and bell pepper yield were not influenced by herbicide treatment. Although crop injury was greater in 1997, there was no herbicide or irrigation system interaction with year. OH and EF irrigated banana pepper and OH irrigated bell pepper produced the greatest total yield over two harvests, whereas F irrigated pepper yielded the least. F irrigated bell pepper plants had reduced early total yield and fancy fruits relative to other irrigation treatments. F irrigated plants yielded 32 and 22% less than OH irrigated plants in banana and bell pepper, respectively. Stand counts at 3 wk after planting (WAP) show that, unlike OH and EF treatments, F treatments lost 240 to 330 plants/ha. Differences in stand among treatments were greater in 1997 than 1996. Based on our study, the OH irrigated system appears to be the best system for producing bell pepper transplants with the greatest total yield. With banana pepper, both OH and EF irrigated systems appear to produce banana pepper transplants with the greatest total yield. Also, pepper transplant tolerance to herbicides is not affected by the irrigation system used to produce transplants.Nomenclature: Clomazone, 2-[(2-chlorophenyl)methyl]-4,4-dimethyl-3-isoxazolidinone; napropamide, N,N-diethyl-2-(1-napthalenyloxy)propanamide; trifluralin, 2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenamine; pepper, Capsicum annuum L.Additional index words: Overhead irrigation, float irrigation, ebb and flow irrigation, bell pepper, banana pepper, herbicide tolerance.Abbreviations: DAP, days after planting; EC, emulsifiable concentrate; EF, ebb and flood; F, float; ME, microencapsulated; OH, overhead; PPI, preplant incorporated; PRE, premergence; WAP, weeks after planting. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1614/0890-037x(2000)014[0241:eohopc]2.0.co;2 VL - 14 IS - 2 SP - 241-245 SN - 0890-037X KW - overhead irrigation KW - float irrigation KW - ebb and flow irrigation KW - bell pepper KW - banana pepper KW - herbicide tolerance ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparison of AFLP and rep-PCR genomic fingerprinting with DNA-DNA homology studies: Xanthomonas as a model system AU - Rademaker, JLW AU - Hoste, B AU - Louws, FJ AU - Kersters, K AU - Swings, J AU - Vauterin, L AU - Vauterin, P AU - Bruijn, FJ T2 - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY AB - The genusXanthomonas contains a large number of strains, which have been characterized by a variety of phenotypic and genotypic classification methods.The Xanthomonas collection constitutes one of the largest groups of bacteria that have been characterized phylogenetically by DNA-DNA homology studies and genomic fingerprinting.Presently, a total genomic DNA-DNA homology value of 70 % represents an internationally accepted criterion to define bacterial species levels.However, the complexity of DNA-DNA reassociation kinetics methods precludes the rapid analysis of large numbers of bacterial isolates, which is imperative for molecular microbial diversity studies.Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare more facile PCR-based genomic fingerprinting techniques, such as repetitive-sequence-based (rep)-PCR and AFLP genomic fingerprinting, to DNA-DNA hybridization studies.Using three different primer sets, rep-PCR genomic fingerprint patterns were generated for 178 Xanthomonas strains, belonging to all 20 previously defined DNA-DNA homology groups, and one Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain.In addition, AFLP genomic fingerprints were produced for a subset of 80 Xanthomonas strains belonging to the 20 DNA-DNA homology groups and for the S. maltophilia strain.Similarity values derived from rep-PCR-and AFLPgenerated fingerprinting analyses were calculated and used to determine the correlation between rep-PCR-or AFLP-derived relationships and DNA-DNA homology values.A high correlation was observed, suggesting that genomic fingerprinting techniques truly reveal genotypic and phylogenetic relationships of organisms.On the basis of these studies, we propose that genomic fingerprinting techniques such as rep-PCR and AFLP can be used as rapid, highly discriminatory screening techniques to determine the taxonomic diversity and phylogenetic structure of bacterial populations. DA - 2000/3// PY - 2000/3// DO - 10.1099/00207713-50-2-665 VL - 50 IS - 2000 Mar. SP - 665-677 SN - 1466-5026 KW - rep-PCR KW - AFLP KW - Xanthomonas KW - DNA-DNA homology studies KW - molecular phylogeny ER - TY - JOUR TI - Applications of tagging and mapping insect resistance loci in plants AU - Yencho, GC AU - Cohen, MB AU - Byrne, PF T2 - ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY AB - This review examines how molecular markers can be used to increase our understanding of the mechanisms of plant resistance to insects and develop insect resistant crops. We provide a brief description of the types of molecular markers currently being employed, and describe how they can be applied to identify and track genes of interest in a marker-assisted breeding program. A summary of the work reported in this field of study, with examples in which molecular markers have been applied to increase understanding of the mechanistic and biochemical bases of resistance in potato and maize plant/pest systems, is provided. We also describe how molecular markers can be applied to develop more durable insect-resistant crops. Finally, we identify key areas in molecular genetics that we believe will provide exciting and productive research opportunities for those working to develop insect-resistant crops. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1146/annurev.ento.45.1.393 VL - 45 IS - 1 SP - 393-422 SN - 1545-4487 KW - insect-resistant crops KW - host-plant resistance KW - plant breeding KW - molecular markers KW - QTL ER - TY - JOUR TI - Use of matrix attachment regions (MARs) to minimize transgene silencing AU - Allen, GC AU - Spiker, S AU - Thompson, WF T2 - PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY DA - 2000/6// PY - 2000/6// DO - 10.1023/A:1006424621037 VL - 43 IS - 2-3 SP - 361-376 SN - 0167-4412 KW - chromatin structure KW - gene silencing KW - MAR KW - nuclear matrix KW - nuclear scaffold KW - SAR ER - TY - JOUR TI - The effect of night temperature on chrysanthemum flowering: heat-tolerant versus heat-sensitive cultivars AU - Willits, DH AU - Bailey, DA T2 - SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE AB - The effect of night temperature on the flowering of heat-tolerant and heat-sensitive cultivars of potted chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum xgrandiflorum) was examined in four experiments over a period of 4 years. Temperature reductions were imposed only while the plants were under black cloth using a combination of air-conditioning and under-cloth ventilation. The two heat-sensitive cultivars tested were ‘Yellow Mandalay’ and ‘Coral Charm’ and the two heat-tolerant cultivars were ‘Iridon’ and ‘Dark Bronze Charm’. Differences in time-to-flower (TTF) between heat tolerance classifications were less than anticipated. TTF was affected the most in ‘Iridon’, a heat-tolerant cultivar, decreasing by an average of 4.2 days/°C as mean diurnal temperatures (MT) decreased from about 26°C to about 23°C. TTF was affected the least in ‘Coral Charm’, a heat-sensitive cultivar, decreasing by an average of 2.8 days/°C over the same range. Inflorescence diameter, on the other hand, increased by as much as 9% in the two heat-sensitive cultivars but by only about 4% in the heat-tolerant cultivars. The results suggest that the heat-tolerant cultivars tested here may have been classified based on consistency of flower quality rather than TTF. DA - 2000/3/31/ PY - 2000/3/31/ DO - 10.1016/s0304-4238(99)00091-6 VL - 83 IS - 3-4 SP - 325-330 SN - 0304-4238 KW - Dendranthema xgrandiflorium KW - Chrysanthemum morifolium KW - high temperatures KW - temperature stress KW - heat stress ER - TY - JOUR TI - Plum Dandy, a hybrid tomato, and its parents, NC EBR-5 and NC EBR-6 AU - Gardner, R. G. T2 - HortScience DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 35 IS - 5 SP - 962-963 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Plant development: A role for sterols in embryogenesis AU - Clouse, S. D. T2 - Current Biology AB - The Arabidopsis mutants fackel and sterol methyltransferase 1 have defects associated with body organization of the seedling. Molecular analysis of these mutants has revealed that plant sterols may be key signaling molecules influencing position-dependent cell fate during embryonic development. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1016/S0960-9822(00)00639-4 VL - 10 IS - 16 SP - R601-604 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nitrogen increases fresh weight and retail value of fraser fir christmas trees AU - Hinesley, L. E. AU - Snelling, L. K. AU - Campbell, C. R. AU - Roten, D. K. AU - Hartzog, J. T2 - HortScience DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 35 IS - 5 SP - 860-862 ER - TY - PAT TI - Method for reducing expression variability of transgenes in plant cells AU - Thompson, W. AU - Allen, G. AU - Mankin, S. C2 - 2000/// DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Inferring linkage disequilibrium between a polymorphic marker locus and a trait locus in natural populations AU - Luo, Z. W. AU - Tao, S. H. AU - Zeng, Z. B. T2 - Genetics DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 156 IS - 1 SP - 457-467 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Carolina Gold, a hybrid tomato, and its parents, NC1Y and NC2Y AU - Gardner, R. G. T2 - HortScience DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 35 IS - 5 SP - 966-967 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A male-sterile cherry tomato breeding line, NC2C ms-10,aa AU - Gardner, R. G. T2 - HortScience DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 35 IS - 5 SP - 964-965 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Segregation of leptine glycoalkaloids and resistance to Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)) in F2 Solanum tuberosum (4x) x S-chacoense (4x) potato progenies AU - Yencho, GC AU - Kowalski, SP AU - Kennedy, GG AU - Sanford, LL T2 - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1007/BF02853941 VL - 77 IS - 3 SP - 167-178 SN - 1874-9380 KW - insect resistance KW - host plant resistance KW - plant breeding KW - solanine KW - chaconine KW - leptinine ER - TY - JOUR TI - Physical and thermal properties of three sweetpotato cultivars (Ipomoea batatas L.) AU - Stewart, HE AU - Farkas, BE AU - Blankenship, SM AU - Boyette, MD T2 - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES AB - Abstract Physical and thermal properties of three commonly grown sweetpotato cultivars were evaluated. Density, specific heat, thermal conductivity, and respiration rate were determined for ‘Beauregard’, ‘Hernandez’, and ‘Jewel’ varieties. In addition, respiration heat and thermal diffusivity were calculated for these cultivars. Uncured and cured sweet potato were evaluated and held under controlled storage conditions. Postharvest treatment and cultivar differences had minor effects on the density, specific heat, and thermal conductivity of sweetpotato. Respiration rate of the uncured and cured sweetpotato was evaluated at four temperatures: 15, 20, 25, and 30°C. Respiration rate and respiration heat for the cured sweetpotato was less than that of the uncured sweet potatoes. Results from this study will be instrumental in the design and optimization of sweetpotato curing and storage facilities and in the development of new quality indicators. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1080/10942910009524647 VL - 3 IS - 3 SP - 433-446 SN - 1532-2386 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Phosphate and potassium retention and release during chrysanthemum production from precharged materials: II. Calcined clays and brick chips AU - Williams, K. A. AU - Nelson, P. V. T2 - Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 125 IS - 6 SP - 757-764 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Phosphate and potassium retention and release during chrysanthemum production from precharged materials: I. Alumina AU - Williams, K. A. AU - Nelson, P. V. AU - Hesterberg, D. T2 - Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 125 IS - 6 SP - 748-756 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Path analysis of the correlation between fruit number and plant traits of cucumber populations AU - Cramer, CS AU - Wehner, TC T2 - HORTSCIENCE AB - The relationships between fruit yield and yield components in several cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) populations were investigated as well as how those relationships changed with selection for improved fruit yield. In addition, the correlations between fruit yield and yield components were partitioned into partial regression coefficients (path coefficients and indirect effects). Eight genetically distinct pickling and slicing cucumber populations, differing in fruit yield and quality, were previously subjected to modified half-sib family recurrent selection. Eight families from three selection cycles (early, intermediate, late) of each population were evaluated for yield components and fruit number per plant in four replications in each of two testing methods, seasons, and years. Since no statistical test for comparing the magnitudes of two correlations was available, a correlation ( r ) of 0.7 to 1.0 or –0.7 to –1.0 ( r 2 ≥ 0.49) was considered strong, while a correlation of –0.69 to 0.69 was considered weak. The number of branches per plant had a direct positive effect on, and was correlated ( r = 0.7) with the number of total fruit per plant over all populations, cycles, seasons, years, plant densities, and replications. The number of nodes per branch, the percentage of pistillate nodes, and the percentage of fruit set were less correlated ( r < |0.7|) with total fruit number per plant (fruit yield) than the number of branches per plant. Weak correlations between yield components and fruit yield often resulted from weak correlations among yield components. The correlations among fruit number traits were generally strong and positive ( r ≥ 0.7). Recurrent selection for improved fruit number per plant maintained weak path coefficients and correlations between yield components and total fruit number per plant. Selection also maintained weak correlations among yield components. However, the correlations and path coefficients of branch number per plant on the total fruit number became more positive ( r = 0.67, 0.75, and 0.82 for early, intermediate, and late cycles, respectively) with selection. Future breeding should focus on selecting for the number of branches per plant to improve total fruit number per plant. DA - 2000/7// PY - 2000/7// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.35.4.708 VL - 35 IS - 4 SP - 708-711 SN - 0018-5345 KW - cucurbitaceae KW - Cucumis sativus KW - earliness KW - fruit shape KW - indirect selection KW - path coefficients KW - yield components ER - TY - BOOK TI - Buie family of Moore & Davidson Counties, North Carolina AU - Cook, B. B. CN - CS71 .B787 2000 DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// PB - Lexington, NC: Betty Buie Cook ER - TY - JOUR TI - An integrated genetic map of Populus deltoides based on amplified fragment length polymorphisms AU - Wu, RL AU - Han, YF AU - Hu, JJ AU - Fang, JJ AU - Li, L AU - Li, ML AU - Zeng, ZB T2 - THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS DA - 2000/6// PY - 2000/6// DO - 10.1007/s001220051431 VL - 100 IS - 8 SP - 1249-1256 SN - 0040-5752 KW - AFLP KW - heteroduplex KW - intercross marker KW - linkage map KW - Populus deltoides KW - testcross marker ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genotype-environment interaction for quantitative trait loci affecting life span in Drosophila melanogaster AU - Vieira, C. AU - Pasyukova, E. G. AU - Zeng, Z. B. AU - Hackett, J. B. AU - Lyman, R. F. AU - Mackay, T. F. C. T2 - Genetics DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 154 IS - 1 SP - 213-227 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genetic architecture of a morphological shape difference between two Drosophila species AU - Zeng, Z. B. AU - Liu, J. J. AU - Stam, L. F. AU - Kao, C. H. AU - Mercer, J. M. AU - Laurie, C. C. T2 - Genetics DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 154 IS - 1 SP - 299-310 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Black polyethylene tunnel covers affect plant production and quality of sweetpotato transplants AU - Bonte, La AU - Villordon, AQ AU - Schultheis, , JR AU - Monks, DW T2 - HORTSCIENCE AB - The influence of a black polyethylene tunnel cover (BTC) was evaluated for its effect on quantity and quality of sweetpotato [ Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] transplants in plant beds in Louisiana and North Carolina. Use of BTC increased production of `Beauregard' transplants from 63% to 553% in comparison with the bare ground control. `Jewel' was less responsive; BTC treatments increased transplant production by at least 48% in Louisiana over the bare ground control, but no increase was observed in North Carolina. Individual transplant weight was at least 34% less in BTC treatments than in the control. The first harvest of cuttings in BTC beds was at least 14 days prior to that in control beds. Transplant quality was assessed as yield of storage roots in repeated trials that extended throughout the normal growing season. Yield of storage roots was not affected by BTC in early season plantings, but was frequently lower for BTC treatment transplants in middle and late season plantings. We therefore do not recommend this method as a means of increasing sweetpotato plant production from bedded roots. DA - 2000/4// PY - 2000/4// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.35.2.202 VL - 35 IS - 2 SP - 202-204 SN - 0018-5345 KW - Ipomoea batatas KW - transplants KW - propagation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Seed germination of selected provenances of Atlantic white- cedar as influenced by stratification, temperature, and light AU - Jull, L. G. AU - Blazich, F. A. T2 - HortScience DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 35 IS - 1 SP - 132-135 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Performance of Turkey litter compost as a slow-release fertilizer in containerized plant production AU - Kraus, H. T. AU - Warren, S. L. T2 - HortScience DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 35 IS - 1 SP - 19-21 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nutrient removal from swine lagoon effluent by duckweed AU - Cheng, J. AU - Stomp, A-M AU - Classen, J. J. AU - Barker, J. C. AU - Bergmann, Ben T2 - Transactions of the ASAE AB - ABSTRACT. Three duckweed geographic isolates were grown on varying concentrations of swine lagoon effluent in agreenhouse to determine their ability to remove nutrients from the effluent. Duckweed biomass was harvested every otherday over a 12-day period. Duckweed biomass production, nutrient loss from the swine lagoon effluent, and nutrientcontent of duckweed biomass were used to identify effluent concentrations/geographic isolate combinations that areeffective in terms of nutrient utilization from swine lagoon effluent and production of healthy duckweed biomass. WhenLemna minor geographic isolate 8627 was grown on 50% swine lagoon effluent, respective losses of TKN, NH 3 -N, TP,OPO 4 -P, TOC, K, Cu, and Zn were 83, 100, 49, 31, 68, 21, 28, and 67%. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.13031/2013.2701 VL - 43 IS - 2 SP - 263–269 ER - TY - JOUR TI - In vitro selection of duckweed geographical isolates for potential use in swine lagoon effluent renovation AU - Bergmann, BA AU - Cheng, J AU - Classen, J AU - Stomp, AM T2 - BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY AB - Plant-based systems for nutrient sequestration into valuable biomass have the potential to help avoid the environmental problems associated with the disposal of large volumes of animal waste. The objective of this study was to select superior duckweed (Lemnaceae) genotypes for the utilization of nutrients in animal wastes. A two-step protocol was used to select promising duckweed geographic isolates to be grown on swine lagoon effluent. Forty-one geographic isolates from the worldwide germplasm collection were used in an in vitro screening test, because they were noted to be fast-growing genotypes during routine collection maintenance. In vitro screening was accomplished by growing geographic isolates on a synthetic medium that approximated swine lagoon effluent in terms of nutrient profile, total ionic strength, pH, and buffering capacity. Large differences among geographic isolates were observed for wet weight gain during the 11-day growing period, percent dry weight, and percent protein in dry biomass. Total protein production per culture jar differed 28-fold between the most disparate of the 41 geographic isolates and was the variable used for selection of superior geographic isolates. The challenge of eight of the 41 geographic isolates with full-strength swine lagoon effluent in the greenhouse led to the selection of three that are promising as genotypes to be grown on lagoon effluent. DA - 2000/5// PY - 2000/5// DO - 10.1016/S0960-8524(99)00137-6 VL - 73 IS - 1 SP - 13-20 SN - 1873-2976 KW - duckweed KW - growth KW - Lemnaceae KW - Lemna gibba KW - Lemna minor KW - protein production KW - Spirodela punctata KW - swine waste KW - Wolffia KW - Wolffiella ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluation of seedlings of Fraser momi, and Siberian fir for resistance to Phytophthora cinnamomi AU - Hinesley, L. E. AU - Parker, K. C. AU - Benson, D. M. T2 - HortScience DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 35 IS - 1 SP - 87-88 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Relationship between apple fruit epicuticular wax and growth of Peltaster fructicola and Leptodontidium elatius, two fungi that cause sooty blotch disease AU - Belding, RD AU - Sutton, TB AU - Blankenship, SM AU - Young, E T2 - PLANT DISEASE AB - Sooty blotch severity varied among apple cultivars or selections surveyed in 1989 and 1992. No mycelial growth was observed on russetted areas of the cuticle that are considered impermeable. Ursolic acid and n-alkanes were the most prominent components of the epicuticular waxes of the cultivars or selections evaluated. Although there were differences in the relative proportions of these compounds among the cultivars, the differences were not related to the severity of sooty blotch. Peltaster fructicola and Leptodontidium elatius were grown on compounds that comprise the epicuticular wax of the fruit to determine if one or more of these were needed for growth. The fungi did not grow on any of the five major components of the epicuticular wax unless dilute apple juice was included. Scanning electron microscopy studies showed that mycelia of P. fructicola grew on the surface of the wax and did not appear to degrade it. Our studies support the hypothesis that P. fructicola and L. elatius fungi are epiphytes and obtain their nutrients not from components of the cuticle, but more likely from fruit leachates. DA - 2000/7// PY - 2000/7// DO - 10.1094/PDIS.2000.84.7.767 VL - 84 IS - 7 SP - 767-772 SN - 1943-7692 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A putative role for the tomato genes DUMPY and CURL-3 in brassinosteroid biosynthesis and response AU - Koka, CV AU - Cerny, RE AU - Gardner, RG AU - Noguchi, T AU - Fujioka, S AU - Takatsuto, S AU - Yoshida, S AU - Clouse, SD T2 - PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AB - Abstract Thedumpy (dpy) mutant of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) exhibits short stature, reduced axillary branching, and altered leaf morphology. Application of brassinolide and castasterone rescued the dpyphenotype, as did C-23-hydroxylated, 6-deoxo intermediates of brassinolide biosynthesis. The brassinolide precursors campesterol, campestanol, and 6-deoxocathasterone failed to rescue, suggesting thatdpy may be affected in the conversion of 6-deoxocathasterone to 6-deoxoteasterone, similar to the Arabidopsisconstitutive photomorphogenesis and dwarfism(cpd) mutant. Measurements of endogenous brassinosteroid levels by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were consistent with this hypothesis. To examine brassinosteroid-regulated gene expression in dpy, we performed cDNA subtractive hybridization and isolated a novel xyloglucan endotransglycosylase that is regulated by brassinosteroid treatment. The curl-3(cu-3) mutant (Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium [Jusl.] Mill.) shows extreme dwarfism, altered leaf morphology, de-etiolation, and reduced fertility, all strikingly similar to the Arabidopsis mutantbrassinosteroid insensitive 1 (bri1). Primary root elongation of wild-type L. pimpinellifoliumseedlings was strongly inhibited by brassinosteroid application, whilecu-3 mutant roots were able to elongate at the same brassinosteroid concentration. Moreover, cu-3 mutants retained sensitivity to indole-3-acetic acid, cytokinins, gibberellin, and abscisic acid while showing hypersensitivity to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in the root elongation assay. Thecu-3 root response to hormones, coupled with itsbri1-like phenotype, suggests that cu-3may also be brassinosteroid insensitive. DA - 2000/1// PY - 2000/1// DO - 10.1104/pp.122.1.85 VL - 122 IS - 1 SP - 85-98 SN - 0032-0889 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Molecular dissection of quantitative traits: new perspectives from populus AU - Wu, R. AU - Li, B. AU - Zeng, Z.-B. T2 - Molecular biology of woody plants A2 - Jain, S. M. A2 - Minocha, S. C. CN - SD403.5 .M66 2000 PY - 2000/// VL - 1 SP - 475-490 PB - Dordrecht; Boston: Kluwer Academic ER - TY - CONF TI - Nutrient removal from swine wastewater by duckweed - Spirodela punctata AU - Cheng, J. AU - Bergmann, B. A. AU - Classen, J. J. AU - Stomp, A. M. AU - Howard, J. W. C2 - 2000/// C3 - Industrial wastewater and envrironmental contaminants : proceedings of the 1st World Water Congress of the International Water Association, held in Paris, France, 3-7 July 2000 DA - 2000/// VL - 1 SN - 1900222681 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Latest developments in mid-to-large-scale vermicomposting. AU - Sherman-Huntoon, R. T2 - BioCycle DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 41 IS - 11 SP - 51-54 ER - TY - JOUR TI - J.C. Raulston Arboretum at North Carolina State University AU - Lyons, R. E. T2 - Combined Proceedings (International Plant Propagators' Society) DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 50 IS - 2000 SP - 456-459 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The case for molecular mapping in forest tree breeding AU - Rongling, W. AU - Zeng, Z.-B. AU - McKeand, AU - O'Malley, D. M. T2 - Plant Breeding Reviews DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 19 IS - 2000 SP - 41-68 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ethanol production plans gain power in North Carolina AU - Sherman-Huntoon, R. T2 - BioCycle DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 41 IS - 11 SP - 71-7274 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Screening the cucumber germplasm collection for fruit storage ability AU - Wehner, T. C. AU - Shetty, N. V. AU - Wilson, L. G. T2 - HortScience DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 35 IS - 4 SP - 699-707 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Screening the cucumber germplasm collection for combining ability for yield AU - Wehner, T. C. AU - Shetty, N. V. AU - Clark, R. L. T2 - HortScience DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 35 IS - 6 SP - 1141-1150 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Herbicide resistant turfgrasses: panacea or problem AU - Neal, J. C. T2 - Turf Grass Trends DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 9 IS - 3 SP - 4-7 ER - TY - JOUR TI - An evaluation of summer cover crops for use in vegetable production systems in North Carolina AU - Creamer, N. G. AU - Baldwin, K. R. T2 - HortScience DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 35 IS - 4 SP - 600-603 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Container substrate temperatures affect mineralization of composts AU - Kraus, H. T. AU - Mikkelsen, R. L. AU - Warren, S. L. T2 - HortScience DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 35 IS - 1 SP - 16-18 ER -