TY - JOUR TI - Fungicides and combinations for tomato foliar diseases, 2000 AU - Shoemaker, P.B. AU - Milks, D.C. AU - Lynch, N.P. T2 - Fungicide and Nematicide Tests DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// VL - Report 56 SP - V111 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fungicides and combinations for tomato early blight, 2000 AU - Shoemaker, P.B. AU - Milks, D.C. AU - Lynch, N.P. T2 - Fungicide and Nematicide Tests DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// VL - Report 56 SP - V110 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fungicides and resistance for tobacco blue mold at Waynesville, NC, 2000 AU - Shoemaker, P.B. AU - Milks, D.C. AU - Lynch, N.P. T2 - Fungicide and Nematicide Tests DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// VL - Report 56 SP - FC73 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Integrated Management of Bacterial Speck of Tomato AU - Louws, F.J. AU - Randall-Schadel, B. AU - Lynch, N.P. AU - Shoemaker, P.B. DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Evaluation of acibenzolar-s-methyl in float systems for blue mould control on tobacco seedlings AU - Shoemaker, P.B. AU - Milks, D.C. AU - Lynch, N.P T2 - CORESTA Meeting. Agro-Phyto Groups C2 - 2001/// CY - Cape Town, South Africa DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// ER - TY - RPRT TI - The calibration of turfgrass boom sprayers and spreaders AU - Buhler, W. A3 - North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service Press DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// M1 - AG-628 PB - North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service Press SN - AG-628 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Quantitative trait loci: statistical methods for mapping their positions AU - Zeng, Z.-B. T2 - Encyclopedia of Genetics A2 - Reeve, Eric C.R. A2 - Black, Isobel PY - 2001/// PB - Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers SN - 9781884964343 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Growth promotion and early flowering of tomatoes with beneficial bacteria AU - Ownley, B.H. AU - Pereira, R. AU - Seth, D. AU - Hamilton, C. AU - Dee, M. A3 - University of Tennessee DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// SP - 175–177 M1 - E11-6515-01-001-01 PB - University of Tennessee SN - E11-6515-01-001-01 ER - TY - CONF TI - Plant development of greenhouse tomatoes in organic media and fertilizers AU - Miles, J.F. AU - Peet, M.M. AU - Nelson, P.V. T2 - 98th Conference of the American Society for Horticultural Science C2 - 2001/// C3 - HortScience CY - Sacramento, CA DA - 2001/// PY - 2000/7/22/ VL - 36 M1 - 3 ER - TY - CONF TI - Managing the greenhouse environment to prevent fruit disorders AU - Peet, M.M. T2 - New England Vegetable & Berry Conference and Trade Show C2 - 2001/// C3 - Proceedings New England Vegetable & Berry Conference and Trade Show CY - Sturbridge, MA DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/12/11/ SP - 11–13 187–193 ER - TY - MGZN TI - Ethylene Damage: What it is and how to prevent it AU - Peet, M.M. AU - Gibson, J.L. AU - Whipker, B.E. AU - Blankenship, S. T2 - The Tomato Magazine DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// VL - 5 SP - 18–20 M1 - 2 ER - TY - CONF TI - Why consider organics and other alternatives? Proceedings Ohio Fruit & Vegetable Growers’ Congress AU - Peet, M.M. T2 - Ohio Fruit & Vegetable Growers’ Congress C2 - 2001/// C3 - Proceedings Ohio Fruit & Vegetable Growers’ Congress CY - Toledo, Ohio DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/2/7/ SP - 140–142 ER - TY - CONF TI - Developmental anomalies in pollen and anthers given mild heat stress AU - Peet, M.M. AU - Sato, S. AU - Clemente, C. AU - Pressman, E. T2 - Southern Section American Society of Plant Physiologists C2 - 2001/// CY - Raleigh, North Carolina DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/3/25/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Production of a video series on greenhouse vegetable production: biocontrols, organic fertilization and best management practices AU - Peet, M.M. AU - Miles, J. AU - Baldwin, K.R. AU - O’Sullivan, J. AU - Estes, E. AU - Snyder, R. T2 - 98th Conference of the American Society for Horticultural Science C2 - 2001/// C3 - HortScience CY - Sacramento, CA DA - 2001/// PY - 2000/7/22/ VL - 36 SP - 429 M1 - 3 ER - TY - CONF TI - Ethylene damage: What it is and how to prevent it AU - Peet, M.M. T2 - Ohio Fruit & Vegetable Growers’ Congress C2 - 2001/// C3 - Proceedings Ohio Fruit & Vegetable Growers’ Congress CY - Toledo, Ohio DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/2/7/ SP - 130-131 ER - TY - CONF TI - Why consider organics and other alternatives? AU - Peet, M.M. T2 - Ohio Fruit & Vegetable Growers’ Congress C2 - 2001/// C3 - Proceedings Ohio Fruit & Vegetable Growers’ Congress CY - Toledo, Ohio DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/2/7/ SP - 140–142 ER - TY - CONF TI - The effects of chronic, mild heat stress on gas exchange, fruitset, anther dehiscence and production release and viability of pollen in five tomato cultivars varying in heat tolerance AU - Sato, S. AU - Peet, M. T2 - Southern Section American Society of Plant Physiologists C2 - 2001/// CY - Raleigh, North Carolina DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/3/25/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Organic Greenhouse Tomatoes AU - Miles, J.F. T2 - Sustainable Agriculture Conference C2 - 2001/11/3/ CY - Rock Hill, SC DA - 2001/11/3/ PY - 2001/11/3/ ER - TY - BOOK TI - Breeding and seed production AU - Wehner, T.C. AU - Shetty, N.V. AU - Elmstrom, G.W. A3 - Maynard, D.N. DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// PB - ASHS Press SE - 27–73 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genetic Diversity of Selected Bacterial Populations in North Carolina AU - Louws, F. J. AU - Ritchie, D. F. AU - Shoemaker, P. B. T2 - Plant Pathogenic Bacteria DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// DO - 10.1007/978-94-010-0003-1_24 SP - 124-127 ER - TY - CHAP TI - QTL Mapping AU - Zeng, Z.-B. T2 - Encyclopedia of Genetics PY - 2001/// DO - 10.1006/rwgn.2001.1441 SP - 1587-1593 OP - PB - Elsevier SN - 9780122270802 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/rwgn.2001.1441 DB - Crossref ER - TY - RPRT TI - Deciduous fruit and nuts for the low desert AU - Maurer, M. AU - Bradley, L.K. A3 - The University of Arizona Cooperative Extension DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// M1 - AZ1269 PB - The University of Arizona Cooperative Extension SN - AZ1269 UR - https://extension.arizona.edu/sites/extension.arizona.edu/files/pubs/az1269.pdf ER - TY - RPRT TI - Arizona flower and bedding plant guide for the low desert AU - Bradley, L.K. AU - Cromell, C. A3 - The University of Arizona Cooperative Extension DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// M1 - AZ1100 PB - The University of Arizona Cooperative Extension SN - AZ1100 UR - https://extension.arizona.edu/sites/extension.arizona.edu/files/pubs/az1100a.pdf ER - TY - BOOK TI - Desert landscaping for beginners AU - Bradley, L.K. AU - Chott, G. AU - Coffman, M. AU - Dewey, S. AU - DiFrancesco, D. AU - Hosier, S. AU - Martin, F. AU - Mathura, K. AU - McKusick, R. AU - Mikel, T. AU - Rauscher, M. AU - Rymer, C. DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// SP - 224 PB - Master Gardener Press UR - http://cals.arizona.edu/maricopa/garden/html/pubs/mgpress/dlfb.htm ER - TY - CONF TI - Mineral concentration of herbage from three Paulownia​ species used for goat browse AU - Luginbuhl, J.­M. AU - Mueller, J.P. AU - Bergmann, B.A. A2 - Gomide, J.A. A2 - Mattos, W.R.S. A2 - Silva, S.C. C2 - 2001/// C3 - Grassland Ecosystems: an Outlook into the 21st Century DA - 2001/// SP - 654-655 PB - XIX International Grassland Congress ER - TY - CONF TI - Utilizing natural plant metabolites as feeding deterrents for adult Japanese beetles AU - Witt, J.D. AU - Ranney, T.G. AU - Warren, S.L. C2 - 2001/// C3 - Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 46th Annual Report DA - 2001/// SP - 228–232 ER - TY - CONF TI - Searching for fire blight resistance in flowering pears (Pyrus spp.) AU - Bell, A.C. AU - Ranney, T.G. AU - Eaker, T.A. AU - Sutton, T.B. C2 - 2001/// C3 - Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 46th Annual Report DA - 2001/// SP - 268–271 ER - TY - CONF TI - Rootstock selection and graft compatibility of Chamaecyparis species AU - Holland, B.T. AU - Warren, S.L. AU - Ranney, T.G. AU - Eaker, T.A. C2 - 2001/// C3 - Proceedings of the International Plant Propagators’ Society DA - 2001/// VL - 51 SP - 461–465 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Plant evaluation program for nursery crops and landscape systems by the Southern Extension and Research Activities/Information Exchange Group-27 AU - Dunwell, W.C. AU - Fare, D. AU - Arnold, M.A. AU - Tilt, K. AU - Knox, G. AU - Witte, W. AU - Knight, P. AU - Pooler, M. AU - Klingeman, W. AU - Niemiera, A. AU - Ruter, J. AU - Yeager, T. AU - Ranney, T. AU - Beeson, R. AU - Lindstrom, J. AU - Bush, E. AU - Owings, A. AU - Schnelle, M. T2 - HortTechnology AB - The Southern Extension and Research Activities/Information Exchange Group-27 (SERA/IEG-27) is sponsored by the Southern Association of Agricultural Experiment Station Directors. Thirteen universities and the U.S. National Arboretum cooperate with official representatives from extension and research programs. The objective of the group is to identify, evaluate, select, and disseminate information on superior, environmentally sustainable, landscape plants for nursery crop production and landscape systems in the southeastern U.S. Plants are distributed to members responding to a request from cooperators for plant evaluation. Those who agree to cooperate are expected to grow the selected liner to landscape size, then transplant it in a landscape setting. The plant is rated for insect, disease, and cold damage, heat stress, growth rate, ornamental flowering and fruiting, fall color, commercial production potential, landscape potential, invasiveness potential, and insect disease transmission potential. Growth rate is evaluated annually by recording plant height and width. Initial bloom date is reported followed by bloom duration in days. Following evaluation, the group collectively and individually disseminates information gained from the plant evaluation system to a wide variety of audiences. DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// DO - 10.21273/horttech.11.3.373 VL - 11 IS - 3 SP - 373-375 KW - plant evaluation KW - landscape plants KW - plant materials KW - landscape management KW - plant culture ER - TY - CONF TI - Improving adaptability of Cupressaceae with stress-tolerant rootstocks AU - Holland, B.T. AU - Warren, S.L. AU - Ranney, T.G. C2 - 2001/// C3 - Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 46th Annual Report DA - 2001/// SP - 492–496 ER - TY - CONF TI - Heat and flooding stresses in Taxus and Cephalotaxus AU - Lasseigne, F.T. AU - Warren, S.L. AU - Blazich, F.A. AU - Ranney, T.G. C2 - 2001/// C3 - Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 46th Annual Report DA - 2001/// SP - 490–491 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluating fire blight resistance among flowering crabapples (Malus spp.) and Pears (Pyrus spp.) AU - Bell, A.C. AU - Ranney, T.G. AU - Eaker, T.A. AU - Sutton, T.B. T2 - Landscape Plant News DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// VL - 12 IS - 2 SP - 2-7 ER - TY - CONF TI - Comparative light tolerance among taxa of Illicium AU - Griffin, J.J. AU - Ranney, T.G. C2 - 2001/// C3 - Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 46th Annual Report DA - 2001/// SP - 525–527 ER - TY - CONF TI - Bioremediation of swine waste using greenhouse tomatoes: A systems approach AU - Peet, M.M. AU - Ponce, K. AU - Willits, D.H. AU - Cheng, J. T2 - Sustainable Agriculture Conference C2 - 2001/// C3 - 98th Conference of the American Society for Horticultural Science CY - Rock Hill, SC DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/11/3/ ER - TY - PAT TI - Peach tree named 'Corinthian Pink' AU - Werner, D. AU - Worthington, S. AU - Snelling, L. C2 - 2001/// DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// ER - TY - PAT TI - Peach tree named 'China Pearl' AU - Werner, D. AU - Worthington, S. AU - Snelling, L. C2 - 2001/// DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Method of fertilizer application affects nutrient losses of controlled-release fertilizer AU - Warren, SL AU - Bilderback, TE AU - Kraus, HH T2 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON GROWING MEDIA AND HYDROPONICS DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2001.548.40 IS - 548 SP - 349-355 SN - 0567-7572 KW - mineral nutrient content KW - Cotoneaster dammeri 'Skogholm' KW - nitrogen budget KW - phosphorus budget ER - TY - JOUR TI - Germination of watermelon seeds at low temperature AU - Singh, S. AU - Singh, P. AU - Sanders, D. C. AU - Wehner, T. C. T2 - Report (Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative) DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// IS - 24 SP - 59 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Environmentally compatible container plant production practices AU - Bilderback, TE T2 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON GROWING MEDIA AND HYDROPONICS AB - Environmentally compatible production are conscious efforts to design and retrofit nursery container growing areas to improve irrigation and nutrient efficiency and reduce exposure of ground and surface water supplies to contaminated effluent. Irrigation of ornamental crops in containers can be a very inefficient, using large quantities of water and fertilizer. Irrigation and fertilizer efficiencies are directly related. Even with controlled release fertilizers, improving irrigation efficiency improves nutrient efficiency and reduces water volume and nutrients leaving production beds. Increasing efficiency can be accomplished in many ways. Grouping plant species and container sizes into blocks with similar water requirements improves efficiency. Redesigning overhead sprinkler systems to accomplish uniform distribution across growing beds or replacing worn nozzle orifices can significantly improve irrigation. Low volume / low pressure systems distribute water directly into containers and apply less water in a specific amount of time than overhead sprinkler application and therefore conserves water. Applying irrigation in short cycles rather than long cycles improves wetting in substrates and conserves electrical energy, water and reduces nutrient leaching from containers. Creating microclimates in nurseries to optimize light or reduce container temperatures, disease pressure and crop stress can improve water and nutrient efficacy. Flow of runoff from nursery growing areas must be engineered to slow velocity, filter and contain effluent. Strategies are site specific. Capture, containment and re-cycling of irrigation water has been a common practice in many nurseries in the U.S., as a means to provide adequate water supplies. In areas with sandy soils, some nurseries have developed closed systems where drainage channels and collection basins are lined to prevent nitrogen movement from runoff into shallow ground water. Vegetative filter strips adjacent to beds and containment basins have been installed at nurseries as management practices for reducing contaminants in effluent before water enters recycle irrigation supplies. Routing runoff into wetland plant production areas to mitigate nutrients before recycling irrigation has been implemented in some nurseries. In North Carolina, new rules for the Neuse River Basin, a nutrient sensitive watershed, mandate that agricultural businesses in the watershed develop plans to reduce nitrogen loading into the river by 30% within the next five years. Nurseries and greenhouses will be required to implement best management or maintain 15 m riparian buffer zones adjacent to streams and rivers. The North Carolina nursery industry will employ the Southern Nursery Associations Best Management Practices Guide as a format for reducing nitrogen loss from nurseries. DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2001.548.35 IS - 548 SP - 311-318 SN - 0567-7572 KW - best management practices (BMP's) KW - runoff KW - controlled release fertilizers KW - cyclic irrigation KW - recycling irrigation KW - leaching fractions KW - catch basins KW - filter strips ER - TY - JOUR TI - Vine length of a diverse set of watermelon cultivars AU - Neppl, G. P. AU - Wehner, T. C. T2 - Report (Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative) DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// IS - 24 SP - 65 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Survey of watermelon trialing methods used by breeders in the United States AU - Neppl, G. P. AU - Wehner, T. C. T2 - Report (Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative) DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// IS - 24 SP - 68 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Seed treatment effects on emergence of luffa sponge gourd AU - Malik, I. J. AU - Ellington, T. L. AU - Wehner, T. C. AU - Sanders, D. C. T2 - Report (Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative) DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// IS - 24 SP - 107 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Isolation and callus production from cotyledon protoplasts of Cucumis metuliferus AU - McCarthy, W. H. AU - Wehner, T. C. AU - Xie, J. H. AU - Daub, M. E. T2 - Report (Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative) DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// IS - 24 SP - 102 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Improving culture efficiency of Cucumis metuliferus protoplasts AU - McCarthy, W. H. AU - Wehner, T. C. AU - Xie, J. H. AU - Daub, M. E. T2 - Report (Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative) DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// IS - 24 SP - 97 ER - TY - JOUR TI - NCSU poinsettia cultivar trials - 2000 AU - Larson, R. A. AU - McCall, I. T2 - North Carolina Flower Growers' Bulletin DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// VL - 46 IS - 2 SP - 6 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Gene list 2001 for cucumber AU - Xie, J. H. AU - Wehner, T. C. T2 - Report (Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative) DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// IS - 24 SP - 110 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fertilization of container-grown baldcypress (Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.) AU - Hinesley, L. E. AU - Smith, S. A. AU - Wicker, A. M. T2 - Journal of Environmental Horticulture DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// VL - 19 IS - 3 SP - 109 ER - TY - JOUR TI - South American skullcap (Scutellaria racemosa Pers., Lamiaceae) in the southeastern United States AU - Krings, A. AU - Neal, J. C. T2 - SIDA, Contributions To Botany DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// VL - 19 IS - 4 SP - 1171-1179 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A Scutellaria (Lamiaceae) new to North Carolina and a key to the small-flowered Carolina congeners AU - Krings, A. AU - Neal, J. C. T2 - SIDA, Contributions To Botany DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// VL - 19 IS - 3 SP - 735-739 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence as a heat stress indicator in tomato: Laboratory and greenhouse comparisons AU - Willits, DH AU - Peet, MM T2 - JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE AB - Chlorophyll fluorescence was measured under both laboratory and greenhouse conditions in an effort to develop a quick, reliable, and inexpensive laboratory procedure capable of predicting heat stress experienced by tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) under greenhouse conditions. The laboratory tests consisted of measurements of the ratio of variable to maximal chlorophyll fluorescence (F v /F m ) performed on leaf discs taken from whole tomato leaves and placed on a temperature controlled plate. Comparisons were made with greenhouse measurements of the same parameter conducted on intact leaves of whole plants exposed to different temperature treatments imposed by manipulation of the aerial environment of the greenhouse. Dark adaption periods ranging from 15 min to all day in the greenhouse and temperature exposure periods ranging from 5 min to 60 min in the laboratory were compared to find the best correlation between the two tests. Best agreement was obtained with 60 min treatment times in the laboratory and 60 min dark adaption periods in the greenhouse. F v /F m decreased quadratically with increasing leaf temperature in a similar fashion in both tests, suggesting that the laboratory approach can adequately predict plant response to greenhouse heat stress. DA - 2001/3// PY - 2001/3// DO - 10.21273/jashs.126.2.188 VL - 126 IS - 2 SP - 188-194 SN - 2327-9788 KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - high temperature KW - temperature stress KW - chlorophyll fluorescence KW - stress measurement techniques ER - TY - JOUR TI - Strawberry Growth and Development in an Annual Plasticulture System AU - Fernandez, Gina E. AU - Butler, Laura M. AU - Louws, Frank J. T2 - HortScience AB - The growth and development of three strawberry cultivars commonly grown in a plasticulture system were documented. Strawberry plants were harvested monthly and divided by roots, crown, leaves, flowers, and fruit and then dried in an oven. The dry matter production and resource allocation proceeded along a predictable pattern of development. The establishment phase was characterized by an active period of growth of root, crown and leaves in the fall. Through the winter, the plants underwent slow growth, ending in a transition period in the late winter/early spring when resources were allocated to both vegetative and reproductive growth. In the spring, all plant parts received significantly increased allocation of, or redistribution of, resources. Cultivars of California origin, `Chandler' and `Camarosa', displayed similar trends in yield, dry matter production, seasonal resource allocation, and growth analysis variables throughout the season. `Sweet Charlie', a cultivar from Florida, showed lower dry matter accumulation and relative growth rate in the spring, higher harvest index and lower yield than the California cultivars. DA - 2001/12// PY - 2001/12// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.36.7.1219 VL - 36 IS - 7 SP - 1219-1223 J2 - HortSci OP - SN - 0018-5345 2327-9834 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.36.7.1219 DB - Crossref KW - Fragaria xananassa KW - phonology KW - growth analysis KW - plastic mulch ER - TY - JOUR TI - Photoperiod, juvenility, and high intensity lighting affect flowering and cut stem qualities of Campanula and Lupinus AU - Cavins, T. J. AU - Dole, J. M. T2 - HortScience DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// VL - 36 IS - 7 SP - 1192-1196 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Low genetic diversity indicates the need to broaden the genetic base of cultivated watermelon AU - Levi, A AU - Thomas, CE AU - Wehner, TC AU - Zhang, XP T2 - HORTSCIENCE AB - Genetic diversity and relatedness were assessed among 46 American cultivars of watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus ), and 12 U.S. Plant Introduction accessions (PIs) of Citrullus sp. using 25 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers. These primers produced 288 distinct reproducible bands that could be scored with high confidence among cultivars and PIs. Based on the RAPD data, genetic similarity coefficients were calculated and a dendrogram was constructed using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA). The cultivars and C. lanatus var. lanatus PIs differentiated at the level of 92% to 99.6% and 88% to 95% genetic similarity, respectively. In contrast, the C. lanatus var. citroides , and C. colocynthis PIs were more divergent and differentiated at the level of 65% to 82.5% and 70.5% genetic similarity, respectively. The low genetic diversity among watermelon cultivars in this study emphasizes the need to expand the genetic base of cultivated watermelon. DA - 2001/10// PY - 2001/10// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.36.6.1096 VL - 36 IS - 6 SP - 1096-1101 SN - 2327-9834 KW - Citrullus lanatus KW - Citrullus colocynthis KW - RAPD markers KW - germplasm evaluation KW - vegetable breeding ER - TY - JOUR TI - A genetic linkage map for watermelon based on randomly amplified polymorphic DNA markers AU - Levi, A AU - Thomas, CE AU - Zhang, XP AU - Joobeur, T AU - Dean, RA AU - Wehner, TC AU - Carle, BR T2 - JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE AB - A genetic linkage [randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-based] map was constructed for watermelon [ Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum and Nakai] using a BC 1 population [PI 296341-fusarium wilt resistant × New Hampshire Midget (fusarium susceptible)] × `New Hampshire Midget'. The map contains 155 RAPD markers, and a 700-base pair sequenced characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker that corresponds to a fragment produced by the RAPD primer GTAGCACTCC. This marker was reported previously as linked (1.6 cM) to race 1 fusarium wilt resistance in watermelon. The markers segregated to 17 linkage groups. Of these, 10 groups included nine to 19 markers, and seven groups included two to four markers. The map covers a genetic linkage distance of 1295 cM. Nine of the 10 large linkage groups contained segments with low (or no) level of recombination (0 to 2.6 cM) among markers, indicating that the watermelon genome may contain large chromosomal regions that are deficient in recombination events. The map should be useful for identification of markers linked closely to genes that control fruit quality and fusarium wilt (races 1 and 2) resistance in watermelon. DA - 2001/11// PY - 2001/11// DO - 10.21273/jashs.126.6.730 VL - 126 IS - 6 SP - 730-737 SN - 2327-9788 KW - Citrullus lanatus KW - genetic mapping KW - SCAR KW - fusarium wilt KW - RAPD ER - TY - JOUR TI - Responses of potato (Solanum tuberosum), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), and several weeds to ASC-67040 herbicide AU - Wilson, HP AU - Monks, DW AU - Hines, TE AU - Mills, RJ T2 - WEED TECHNOLOGY AB - The experimental sulfonylurea herbicide ASC-67040 was evaluated preemergence (PRE) and postemergence (POST) at 25 to 100 g ai/ha and PRE at 50 g/ha followed by ASC-67040 POST at 50 g/ha for broadleaf weed control in potato and tomato. In Virginia, ASC-67040 POST at 50 and 100 g/ha gave 70 to 98% control of common lambsquarters, common ragweed, and jimsonweed with slight (0 to 6%) ‘Superior’ potato and moderate (0 to 23%) ‘Agriset’ tomato injury. This crop injury was present primarily as chlorosis in terminal growth and disappeared by 3 wk after treatment (WAT). Potato tuber and tomato fruit yields were high in ASC-67040-treated plots. In North Carolina, ASC-67040 PRE and POST at 50 and 100 g/ha controlled 10 species of annual broadleaf weeds and grasses, and at 25 g/ha ASC-67040 gave greater than 90% control of most species. ASC-67040 injured ‘Fontenot’ potato more than Superior and caused 10 to 13% injury to ‘Mountain Spring’ tomato but did not injure ‘Mountain Pride’ tomato. Mountain Spring tomato recovered rapidly and produced high yields. In the greenhouse, yellow nutsedge control by ASC-67040 POST at 25 to 100 g/ha was 59 to 86% 3 WAT and yellow nutsedge height, dry weight, and regrowth dry weight were reduced by all rates. Lower rates of ASC-67040 might control weeds and cause less injury to potato and tomato.Nomenclature: ASC-67040 (proposed name fluazasulfuron), 1-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)-3-[3-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)sulfonyl]urea; metolachlor; metribuzin; trifluralin; common lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L. #3 CHEAL; common ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. # AMBEL; jimsonweed, Datura stramonium L. # DATST; yellow nutsedge, Cyperus esulentus L. # CYPES; potato, Solanum tuberosum L. ‘Fontenot’, ‘Superior’; tomato, Lycopersicum esculentus L. ‘Agriset’, ‘Mountain Pride’, ‘Mountain Spring’.Additional index words: Metolachlor, metribuzin, trifluralin, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Cyperus esculentus, Datura stramonium, AMBEL, CHEAL, CYPES, DATST.Abbreviations: ALS, acetolactate synthase (EC 4.1.3.18); DAP, days after planting; DATP, days after transplanting; DAT, days after treatment; fb, followed by; POST, postemergence; PPI, preplant incorporated; PRE, preemergence in potato and pretransplant surface applied in tomato; WAT, weeks after treatment. DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// DO - 10.1614/0890-037X(2001)015[0271:ROPSTT]2.0.CO;2 VL - 15 IS - 2 SP - 271-276 SN - 0890-037X KW - metolachlor KW - metribuzin KW - trifluralin KW - Ambrosia artemisiifolia KW - Cyperus esculentus KW - Datura stramonium KW - AMBEL KW - CHEAL KW - CYPES KW - DATST ER - TY - JOUR TI - Morningglory (Ipomoea spp.) and large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) control with glyphosate and 2,4-DB mixtures in glyphosate-resistant soybean (Glycine max) AU - Culpepper, AS AU - Gimenez, AE AU - York, AC AU - Batts, RB AU - Wilcut, JW T2 - WEED TECHNOLOGY AB - Glyphosate effectively controls most weeds in glyphosate-resistant soybean. However, it is sometimes only marginally effective on Ipomoea spp. A field experiment was conducted at five locations in North Carolina to determine the effects of mixing 2,4-DB with glyphosate on Ipomoea spp. control and on soybean injury and yield. The isopropylamine salt of glyphosate at 560, 840, and 1,120 g ai/ha controlled mixtures of tall morningglory, entireleaf morningglory, and red morningglory at least 96% at two locations. Mixing the dimethylamine salt of 2,4-DB at 35 g ae/ha with glyphosate did not increase control but reduced soybean yield 6%. At two other locations, 2,4-DB increased control of tall morningglory and a mixture of entireleaf morningglory and ivyleaf morningglory 13 to 22% when mixed with glyphosate at 560 g/ha, but not when mixed with glyphosate at 840 or 1,120 g/ha. Soybean yield was reduced 31% at one location and was unaffected at the other. At the fifth location, 2,4-DB increased control of tall morningglory 25, 11, and 7% when mixed with glyphosate at 560, 840, and 1,120 g/ha, respectively. Soybean yield was increased 15%. In separate field experiments, glyphosate at 560, 840, and 1,120 g/ha controlled large crabgrass at least 99%. Mixing 2,4-DB at 35 g/ha with glyphosate did not affect control. In the greenhouse, mixing 2,4-DB at 35, 70, 140, or 280 g/ha with glyphosate at 70 to 560 g/ha did not affect large crabgrass control by glyphosate.Nomenclature: Glyphosate; 2,4-DB; entireleaf morningglory, Ipomoea hederacea var. integriuscula Gray #3 IPOHG; ivyleaf morningglory, Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacq. # IPOHE; large crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. # DIGSA; red morningglory, Ipomoea coccinea L. # IPOCC; tall morningglory, Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth # PHBPU; soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Hartz 5566 RR’.Additional index words: Herbicide combinations, herbicide interactions, herbicide-resistant crops.Abbreviations: WAT, weeks after treatment. DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// DO - 10.1614/0890-037X(2001)015[0056:MISALC]2.0.CO;2 VL - 15 IS - 1 SP - 56-61 SN - 0890-037X KW - herbicide combinations KW - herbicide interactions KW - herbicide-resistant crops ER - TY - JOUR TI - Formation of parthenocarpic fruit, undeveloped flowers and aborted flowers in tomato under moderately elevated temperatures AU - Sato, S AU - Peet, MM AU - Gardner, RG T2 - SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE AB - Incidence of parthenocarpic fruit, undeveloped flowers and flower abortion in tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were compared under optimal temperature (OT, 28/22°C day/night) and chronic, mild high temperature conditions (HT, 32/26°C). Seeded fruits were found only under OT conditions, where 37±9% of all flowers developed into seeded fruit. However, flower aborted was also higher under OT, with an additional 24±7% of flowers aborted under optimal temperature conditions, compared to only 4±1% of flowers aborted under HT conditions. Under HT, most flowers (53±8%) developed into parthenocarpic fruit, and the remainder (43±7%) stayed on the plant as undeveloped flowers. A slow transition of undeveloped flowers to parthenocarpic fruit was also observed under HT. Factors determining whether flowers abort, develop parthenocarpically, remain on the plant without developing further, or develop into seeded fruit were discussed in relation to carbohydrate availability and the presence of seeded fruit on the vine. DA - 2001/11/16/ PY - 2001/11/16/ DO - 10.1016/S0304-4238(00)00262-4 VL - 90 IS - 3-4 SP - 243-254 SN - 0304-4238 KW - Lycopersicon esculentum. Mill. KW - moderately elevated temperatures KW - heat stress KW - flower development KW - parthenocarpy KW - flower abortion KW - seedlessness ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ornamental cabbage and kale cultivar comparison study: Growth characteristics and response to daminozide and uniconazole foliar sprays AU - Gibson, J. L. AU - Whipker, B. E. T2 - HortTechnology DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// VL - 11 IS - 3 SP - 376-380 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fall-applied rowcovers enhance yield in plasticulture strawberries AU - Fernandez, G. E. T2 - HortTechnology DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// VL - 11 IS - 3 SP - 440-444 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ethylene and carbon dioxide concentrations in attached fruits of pepper cultivars during ripening AU - Villavicencio, LE AU - Blankenship, SM AU - Sanders, DC AU - Swallow, WH T2 - SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE AB - Ethylene and CO2 concentrations in peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) were studied throughout maturity in three pepper cultivars (‘Camelot’, ‘King Arthur’ and ‘Tabasco’) under both greenhouse and field conditions. Air samples were withdrawn from the locular cavity of attached fruits under ambient conditions to determine ethylene and CO2 concentrations by gas chromatography. Both variables differed with the stage of maturity for all cultivars. Ethylene concentration ranged from 0 to 0.244 μl l−1, and CO2 concentration ranged from 6.05 to 206.5 mg l−1. Concentration of both gases increased in ripening fruits of ‘Camelot’ and ‘King Arthur’. In ‘Tabasco’ fruits grown under greenhouse conditions, CO2 concentration increased once fruits started developing red coloration. However, this peak was absent in ‘Tabasco’ fruits grown in the field. In general, all cultivars exhibited characteristics intermediate between climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. DA - 2001/11/30/ PY - 2001/11/30/ DO - 10.1016/S0304-4238(01)00249-7 VL - 91 IS - 1-2 SP - 17-24 SN - 0304-4238 KW - ethylene KW - CO2 KW - respiration KW - peppers KW - capsicum KW - attached fruits ER - TY - JOUR TI - Brassinosteroids AU - Clouse, S T2 - CURRENT BIOLOGY AB - What are they? Brassinosteroids are polyhydroxlyated sterol derivatives with close structural similarity to animal and insect steroid hormones. They occur at low levels throughout the plant kingdom and regulate the expansion, division and differentiation of cells in young growing tissues. More than 40 brassinosteroids have been identified and characterized from various plant organs, including pollen, seeds, and vegetative shoots. How were they discovered? Researchers at the US Department of Agriculture showed that organic extracts of Brassica napus pollen strongly stimulated cell elongation and division in a bean second-internode assay. The structure of the active component of the B. napus extract was characterized in 1979 and found to be a 28 carbon steroid, given the name brassinolide. Many chemically related compounds have been identified in a range of plant species, and are named brassinosteroids. Brassinolide is the most active and many brassinosteroids are precursors or metabolic products of brassinolide. How are they made? Brassinolide is derived from the membrane sterol campesterol through a series of reductions, hydroxylations, epimerizations and oxidations. There are two major branches of the pathway, termed early and late C-6 oxidation, depending on whether a ketone at carbon 6 is added before or after side chain hydroxylation. Recent evidence suggests that the pathway is more of a metabolic grid than two distinct branches. Many of the genes encoding brassinosteroid biosynthetic enzymes have been cloned in Arabidopsis thaliana and mutants blocking several biosynthetic steps have been identified in Arabidopsis, pea and tomato. How do they work? A complete understanding of the molecular mechanism of brassinosteroid action is still several years away and is a pressing research priority in many laboratories. During cell elongation, a good deal of evidence suggests that brassinosteroids affect the mechanical properties of cell walls, via genomic and non-genomic pathways, to allow turgor-driven cell expansion to proceed. The phenotypes of brassinosteroid-deficient and insensitive mutants confirm that brassinosteroids are essential for cell elongation and also suggest a role in vascular differentiation, senescence, fertility, leaf morphology and light–dark regulation of development. Is there a receptor? The BRI1 gene of Arabidopsis encodes a leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase that has many of the properties expected of a brassinosteroid receptor, or at least a critical component of a receptor complex. Mutations in this gene result in severe developmental phenotypes and biochemical studies have shown that overexpression results in increased binding of labeled brassinosteroid at the cell surface. Whether BRI1 binds brassinosteroid directly or in the presence of another sterol binding protein is unknown. Ligand binding by the extracellular domain of receptor kinases results in autophosphorylation and activation of the intracellular kinase domain. This is followed by phosphorylation of downstream components of the signal transduction pathways. Several substrates of the BRI1 kinase domain have been identified in vitro and experiments are underway to verify if these are indeed in vivo interacting partners of BRI1. Interestingly, plants have conserved the steroid signal but not the classical animal-type intracellular steroid receptor signaling pathway. Do they have commercial potential? Spraying brassinosteroid on a variety of crops including wheat, rice, corn, melons, potatoes, oranges, grapes and pears has in some cases dramaticaly increased yields. Brassinosteroids apparently have more effect when plants are under stress than when grown under optimal conditions. Structurally modified brassinosteroids with greater stability under field conditions have been synthesized and tested in Japan. An inhibitor of brassinosteroid biosynthesis, brassinazole, has also been discovered in Japan and may have some practical utility in slowing plant growth. Where can I find out more? DA - 2001/11/13/ PY - 2001/11/13/ DO - 10.1016/s0960-9822(01)00549-8 VL - 11 IS - 22 SP - R904-R904 SN - 0960-9822 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Release of five sweetpotato cultivars in Uganda T2 - HortScience DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// VL - 36 IS - 2 SP - 385-386 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Preliminary interspecific genetic maps of the Populus genome constructed from RAPD markers AU - Yin, TM AU - Huang, MR AU - Wang, MX AU - Zhu, LH AU - Zeng, ZB AU - Wu, RL T2 - GENOME DA - 2001/8// PY - 2001/8// DO - 10.1139/gen-44-4-602 VL - 44 IS - 4 SP - 602-609 SN - 0831-2796 KW - interspecific hybrids KW - linkage map KW - poplar KW - pseudo-testcross mapping strategy ER - TY - JOUR TI - Can simultaneous inhibition of seedling growth and stimulation of rhizosphere bacterial populations provide evidence for phytotoxin transfer from plant residues in the bulk soil to the rhizosphere of sensitive species? AU - Staman, K AU - Blum, U AU - Louws, F AU - Robertson, D T2 - JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY DA - 2001/4// PY - 2001/4// DO - 10.1023/A:1010362221390 VL - 27 IS - 4 SP - 807-829 SN - 1573-1561 KW - allelopathy KW - bulk-soil and rhizosphere bacteria KW - Cucumis sativus KW - Helianthus annuus KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Amaranthus retroflexus KW - phenolic acid mixtures KW - chlorogenic acid KW - phytotoxicity ER - TY - JOUR TI - The effect of high temperature and high atmospheric CO2 on carbohydrate changes in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) pollen in relation to its germination AU - Aloni, B AU - Peet, M AU - Pharr, M AU - Karni, L T2 - PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM AB - Pollen viability and germination are known to be sensitive to high temperature (HT). However, the mode by which high temperature impairs pollen functioning is not yet clear. In the present study, we investigated the effect of high temperature on changes occurring in carbohydrate of bell pepper ( Capsicum annuum L. cv. Mazurka) pollen in order to find possible relations between these changes and pollen germination under heat stress. When pepper plants were maintained under a moderate HT regime (32/26°C, day/night) for 8 days before flowers have reached anthesis, pollen count at anthesis was similar to that found in plants grown under normal temperatures (NT 28/22°C). However, the in vitro germination, carried out at 25°C, of pollen from HT plants was greatly reduced. This effect matched the marked reduction in the number of seeds per fruit in the HT plants. Maintaining the plants at high air CO 2 concentration (800 μmol mol −1 air) in both temperature treatments did not affect the in vitro germination of pollen from NT plants, but restored germination to near the normal level in pollen from HT plants. Under NT conditions, starch, which was negligible in pollen at meiosis (8 days before anthesis, A−8) started to accumulate at A−4 and continued to accumulate until A−2. From that stage until anthesis, starch was rapidly degraded. On the other hand, sucrose concentration rose from stage A−4 until anthesis. Acid invertase (EC 3.2.1.26) activity rose parallel with the increase of sucrose. In pollen from HT plants, sucrose and starch concentrations were significantly higher at A−1 pollen than in that of NT plants. Under high CO 2 conditions, the sucrose concentration in the pollen of HT plants was reduced to levels similar to those in NT pollen. In accordance with the higher sucrose concentration in HT pollen, the acid invertase activity in these pollen grains was lower than in NT pollen. The results suggest that the higher concentrations of sucrose and starch in the pollen grains of HT plants may result from reduction in their metabolism under heat stress. Elevated CO 2 concentration, presumably by increasing assimilate availability to the pollen grain, may alleviate the inhibition of sucrose and starch metabolism, thereby increasing their utilization for pollen germination under the HT stress. Acid invertase may have a regulatory role in this system. DA - 2001/8// PY - 2001/8// DO - 10.1034/j.1399-3054.2001.1120407.x VL - 112 IS - 4 SP - 505-512 SN - 0031-9317 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genetic diversity among watermelon (Citrullus lanatus and Citrullus colocynthis) accessions AU - Levi, A AU - Thomas, CE AU - Keinath, AP AU - Wehner, TC T2 - GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION DA - 2001/12// PY - 2001/12// DO - 10.1023/A:1013888418442 VL - 48 IS - 6 SP - 559-566 SN - 1573-5109 KW - disease resistance KW - RAPD ER - TY - JOUR TI - Field control of bacterial spot and bacterial speck of tomato using a plant activator AU - Louws, FJ AU - Wilson, M AU - Campbell, HL AU - Cuppels, DA AU - Jones, JB AU - Shoemaker, PB AU - Sahin, F AU - Miller, SA T2 - PLANT DISEASE AB - Acibenzolar-S-methyl (CGA 245704 or Actigard 50WG) is a plant activator that induces systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in many different crops to a number of pathogens. Acibenzolar-S-methyl was evaluated for management of bacterial spot (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria) and bacterial speck (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato) of tomato in 15 and 7 field experiments, respectively. Experiments were conducted over a 4-year period in Florida, Alabama, North Carolina, Ohio, and Ontario using local production systems. Applied at 35 g a.i. ha-1, acibenzolar-S-methyl reduced foliar disease severity in 14 of the 15 bacterial spot and all 7 bacterial speck experiments. Disease control was similar or superior to that obtained using a standard copper bactericide program. Acibenzolar-S-methyl also reduced bacterial fruit spot and speck incidence. Tomato yield was not affected by using the plant activator in the field when complemented with fungicides to manage foliar fungal diseases, but tomato transplant dry weight was negatively impacted. X. axonopodis pv. vesicatoria population densities on greenhouse-grown tomato transplants were reduced by acibenzolar-S-methyl treatment. Bacterial speck and spot population densities on leaves of field-grown plants were not dramatically affected. Acibenzolar-S-methyl can be integrated as a viable alternative to copper-based bactericides for field management of bacterial spot and speck, particularly where copper-resistant populations predominate. DA - 2001/5// PY - 2001/5// DO - 10.1094/PDIS.2001.85.5.481 VL - 85 IS - 5 SP - 481-488 SN - 0191-2917 KW - bion KW - copper hydroxide KW - induced resistance KW - Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria KW - Xanthomonas vesicatoria ER - TY - JOUR TI - Establishment and early growth characteristics of six Paulownia genotypes for goat browse in Raleigh, NC, USA AU - Mueller, JP AU - Luginbuhl, JM AU - Bergmann, BA T2 - AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// DO - 10.1023/A:1010641602384 VL - 52 IS - 1 SP - 63-72 SN - 1572-9680 KW - biomass KW - fodder tree KW - grazing KW - in vitro digestibility KW - herbage quality KW - silvo pastoral system ER - TY - JOUR TI - In vitro colonization of micropropagated Pieris floribunda byericoid mycorrhizae. I. Establishment of mycorrhizae onmicroshoots AU - Starrett, M. C. AU - Blazich, F. A. AU - Shafer, S. R. AU - Grand, L. F. T2 - HortScience DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// VL - 36 IS - 2 SP - 353-356 ER - TY - JOUR TI - In vitro colonization of micropropagated Pieris floribunda by ericoid mycorrhizae. II. Effects on acclimatization and growth AU - Starrett, M. C. AU - Blazich, F. A. AU - Shafer, S. R. AU - Grand, L. F. T2 - HortScience DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// VL - 36 IS - 2 SP - 357-359 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impact of hurricanes on peach and pecan orchards in the southeastern United States AU - Reighard, G. L. AU - Parker, M. L. AU - Krewer, G. W. AU - Beckman, T. G. AU - Wood, B. W. AU - Smith, J. E. AU - Whiddon, J. T2 - HortScience DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// VL - 36 IS - 2 SP - 250-252 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Development of the press extraction method for plug substrate analysis: Quantitative relationships between solution extraction techniques AU - Scoggins, H. L. AU - Bailey, D. A. AU - Nelson, P. V. T2 - HortScience DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// VL - 36 IS - 5 SP - 918-921 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Amey: A multipurpose, russet-skinned potato cultivar for the eastern United States AU - Haynes, KG AU - Porter, GA AU - Christ, BJ AU - Goth, RW AU - DeLong, KO AU - Halseth, DE AU - Sieczka, JB AU - Henninger, MR AU - Sterrett, SB AU - Yencho, GC AU - Webb, RE T2 - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// DO - 10.1007/BF02883542 VL - 78 IS - 3 SP - 175-181 SN - 0003-0589 KW - Solanum tuberosum L. KW - fresh market potato KW - baking potato ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sinocalycalycanthus raulstonii (Calycanthaceae): A new intergeneric hybrid between Sinocalycanthus chinensis and Calycanthus floridus AU - Lasseigne, F. T. AU - Fantz, P. R. AU - Raulston, J. C. AU - Straley, G. B. T2 - HortScience DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// VL - 36 IS - 4 SP - 765-767 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pampas grass responses to ancymidol, paclobutrazol, and uniconazole substrate drenches AU - Sellmer, JC AU - Adkins, CR AU - McCall, I AU - Whipker, BE T2 - HORTTECHNOLOGY AB - Plant growth retardant (PGR) substrate drenches (in mg a.i per pot.) of ancymidol at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, or 4; paclobutrazol at 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16; and uniconazole at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, or 4 (28,350 mg = 1.0 oz) were applied to pampas grass (Cortaderia selloana). Control of height growth during greenhouse forcing and the residual effects on plant growth in the landscape were evaluated. During greenhouse forcing, plant height exhibited a quadratic dose response to paclobutrazol and uniconazole, while ancymidol treated plants exhibited a linear response to increasing dose. All rates of uniconazole resulted in plant heights which were 56% to 75% shorter than the nontreated control, whereas paclobutrazol and ancymidol treatments resulted in 6% to 64% and 5% to 29% shorter plants, respectively. Severe height retardation was evident with {XgtequalX} 2 mg uniconazole. When the plants were transplanted and grown in the landscape (24 weeks after the PGR application), all plants treated with ancymidol, paclobutrazol, and {XltequalX} 0.5 mg uniconazole exhibited heights similar to the nontreated control, suggesting no residual effects of the PGR for these treatments. Only plants treated with uniconazole at {XgtequalX} 1 mg remained shorter than the nontreated control in the landscape. These results demonstrate that plant growth regulators can be effectively and economically applied in the greenhouse production of pampas grass. DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// DO - 10.21273/horttech.11.2.216 VL - 11 IS - 2 SP - 216-219 SN - 1063-0198 KW - A-Rest KW - bonzi KW - sumagic KW - growth retardant KW - PGR KW - Cortaderia selloana ER - TY - JOUR TI - Heritability and genetic variance estimates for leaf and stem resistance to gummy stem blight in two cucumber populations AU - Amand, PCS AU - Wehner, TC T2 - JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE AB - Heritability of resistance to gummy stem blight ( Didymella bryoniae (Auersw.) Rehm.) was measured in two diverse cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) populations [North Carolina elite slicer 1 (NCES1) and North Carolina wide base pickle (NCWBP)]. Heritability was estimated using parent-offspring regression and half-sib family analysis in North Carolina field tests during 1991 and 1992. NCES1 is a slicing cucumber population with a narrow genetic base, and NCWBP is a pickling cucumber population with a wide genetic base. Heritability estimates were low to moderate ranging from 0.12 to 0.49 for the gummy stem blight leaf rating and from -0.03 to 0.12 for stem rating. Estimates of gain from selection were at least two times larger for selection based on half-sib families than for mass selection for all traits in both populations. Approximately three to five cycles of selection would be required to improve the NCES1 population mean for gummy stem blight leaf resistance by one rating scale unit, and three to four cycles of selection would be required to improve the NCWBP population mean for gummy stem blight leaf resistance by one rating scale unit, based on half-sib family selection. One rating scale unit decrease is equivalent to an 11% reduction in susceptibility. Gain would be slower if selecting for stem, or leaf and stem resistance. A moderate amount of additive genetic variation exists in both populations for gummy stem blight leaf resistance, but estimates for additive genetic variation for stem resistance indicate little to no additive genetic variation. Development of populations specifically for greater initial resistance and greater additive variance than found in these populations should aid in selection for resistance. DA - 2001/1// PY - 2001/1// DO - 10.21273/jashs.126.1.90 VL - 126 IS - 1 SP - 90-94 SN - 2327-9788 KW - Cucurbitaceae KW - Didymella bryoniae KW - disease resistance KW - vegetable breeding ER - TY - JOUR TI - An analysis of polygenes affecting wing shape on chromosome 2 in Drosophila melanogaster AU - Weber, K. AU - Eisman, R. AU - Higgins, S. AU - Morey, L. AU - Patty, A. AU - Tausek, M. AU - Zeng, Z. B. T2 - Genetics DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// VL - 159 IS - 3 SP - 1045-1057 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A general polyploid model for analyzing gene segregation in outcrossing tetraploid species AU - Wu, R. L. AU - Gallo-Meagher, M. AU - Littell, R. C. AU - Zeng, Z. B. T2 - Genetics DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// VL - 159 IS - 2 SP - 869-882 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Integration of light and brassinosteroid signals in etiolated seedling growth AU - Clouse, SD T2 - TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE AB -

Abstract

Light and brassinosteroids are involved in the regulation of stem elongation in etiolated seedlings, but the molecular mechanism of their integration is not clear. Recent work in pea has shown that the dark-inducible, light-repressible small G protein, Pra2, interacts with and activates a cytochrome P450 C-2 hydroxylase involved in brassinolide biosynthesis. Thus, a novel link between light signal transduction and the endogenous levels of an important growth-promoting plant hormone has been established. DA - 2001/10// PY - 2001/10// DO - 10.1016/S1360-1385(01)02102-1 VL - 6 IS - 10 SP - 443-445 SN - 1360-1385 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Expression of a plant gene with sequence similarity to animal TGF-beta receptor interacting protein is regulated by brassinosteroids and required for normal plant development AU - Jiang, , JR AU - Clouse, SD T2 - PLANT JOURNAL AB - Summary Brassinosteroids (BRs) regulate the expression of numerous genes associated with plant development, and require the activity of a Ser/Thr receptor kinase to realize their effects. In animals, the transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) family of peptides acts via Ser/Thr receptor kinases to have a major impact on several pathways involved in animal development and adult homeostasis. TGF‐β receptor‐interacting protein (TRIP‐1) was previously shown by others to be an intracellular substrate of the TGF‐β type II receptor kinase which plays an important role in TGF‐β signaling. TRIP‐1 is a WD‐repeat protein that also has a dual role as an essential subunit of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF3 in animals, yeast and plants, thereby revealing a putative link between a developmental signaling pathway and the control of protein translation. In yeast, expression of a TRIP‐1 homolog has also been closely associated with cell proliferation and progression through the cell cycle. We report here the novel observation that transcript levels of TRIP‐1 homologs in plants are regulated by BR treatment under a variety of conditions, and that transgenic plants expressing antisense TRIP‐1 RNA exhibit a broad range of developmental defects, including some that resemble the phenotype of BR‐deficient and ‐insensitive mutants. This correlative evidence suggests that a WD‐domain protein with reported dual functions in vertebrates and fungi might mediate some of the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of plant growth and development by BRs. DA - 2001/4// PY - 2001/4// DO - 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2001.01007.x VL - 26 IS - 1 SP - 35-45 SN - 0960-7412 KW - brassinosteroids KW - TRIP-1 KW - eIF3 KW - receptor kinase KW - TGF-beta KW - antisense ER - TY - JOUR TI - Clitoria AU - Fantz, P. R. T2 - Flora de Nicaragua DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// VL - 85 IS - 2 SP - 973-976 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Centrosema AU - Fantz, P. R. T2 - Flora de Nicaragua (Monographs in systematic botany; 85) CN - [UNC-CH & Duke] DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// VL - 85 IS - 2 SP - 966-971 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Barbiera AU - Fantz, P. R. T2 - Flora de Nicaragua (Monographs in systematic botany; 85) CN - [UNC-CH & Duke] DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// VL - 85 IS - 2 SP - 961-962 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Analysis of celery (Apium graveolens) mannitol dehydrogenase (Mtd) promoter regulation in Arabidopsis suggests roles for MTD in key environmental and metabolic responses AU - Zamski, E AU - Guo, WW AU - Yamamoto, YT AU - Pharr, DM AU - Williamson, JD T2 - PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// DO - 10.1023/A:1012395121920 VL - 47 IS - 5 SP - 621-631 SN - 0167-4412 KW - carbohydrate translocation and regulation KW - gene regulation KW - mannitol metabolism KW - plant-pathogen interaction KW - salt and osmotic stress ER - TY - JOUR TI - Segregation and linkage of several genes in cucumber AU - Walters, S. A. AU - Shetty, N. V. AU - Wehner, T. C. T2 - Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// VL - 126 IS - 4 SP - 442-450 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genetic transformation of duckweed Lemna gibba and Lemna minor AU - Yamamoto, Y. T. AU - Rajbhandari, N. AU - Lin, X. H. AU - Bergmann, Ben AU - Nishimura, Y. AU - Stomp, A. M. T2 - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology. Plant DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// DO - 10.1007/s11627-001-0062-6 VL - 37 IS - 3 SP - 349–353 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Joint linkage and linkage disequilibrium mapping in natural populations AU - Wu, R. L. AU - Zeng, Z. B. T2 - Genetics DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// VL - 157 IS - 2 SP - 899-909 ER - TY - CONF TI - Integrated farming for sustainable agriculture. AU - Cheng, J. AU - Peet, M. M. AU - Willits, D. H. AU - Pace, J. C2 - 2001/// C3 - Proceedings of the International Conference for Agricultural Science and Technology (Beijing, China) DA - 2001/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Using a greenhouse tomato crop to recover the nutrients from swine wastewater AU - Cheng, Jiayang AU - Pace, Jodi AU - Peet, Mary M. AU - Willits, Daniel H. AU - Shearin, Todd T2 - Animal and Poultry Waste Management Center International Symposium on Agricultural Production and Environmental Issues C2 - 2001/// C3 - Proceedings of the International Symposium Addressing Animal Production and Environmental Issues CY - Research Triangle Park, NC DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/10/3/ SN - 0966977017 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Resolving the Harry Lauders walking stick mystery AU - Fantz, P. R. T2 - Nursery Notes (North Carolina Association of Nurserymen) DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// IS - 2001 July-Aug. SP - 65-66 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impact of pre-plant root substrate amendments on soilless substrate EC, pH, and nutrient availability AU - Huang, JS AU - Nelson, PV T2 - COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS AB - Pre-plant root substrate amendments have a great impact on the soluble salt level of plug seedling substrates. Nine common pre-plant amendments alone and a typical commercial combination of some of these showed that the greatest contributors to seedling substrate (2 sphagnum peat moss: 1 perlite: 1 vermiculite by volume) electrical conductivity (EC) level were gypsum, calcium nitrate, and potassium nitrate. Moderate contributions were realized from triple superphosphate, Epsom salt, and two commercial micronutrient mixes. The salt contributions from dolomitic limestone and wetting agent were small and of little commercial concern. At the most common application rates for seedling substrate, additions of gypsum, calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate, and the mixture raised the total substrate EC (saturated media extract procedure) by 1.47, 1.23, 1.09, and 1.57 dS m−1, respectively, from an initial no amendment level of 0.84 dS m−1. The resulting EC levels were unacceptable according to the current maximum standards. Seedling efficacy tests should be conducted with special attention paid to gypsum, calcium nitrate, and potassium nitrate for possible reduction or elimination from the pre-plant nutrient charge. During the 12 days following sowing, mean substrate EC for all amendments in the 0% leach treatment declined 19% while EC in the 20% leach treatment declined 36%. Of all the pre-plant amendments tested, the only single amendment that increased substrate pH over the control treatment was dolomitic limestone. All other amendments lowered substrate pH by 0.1 to 0.24 units when applied at standard commercial rates. When dolomitic limestone was incorporated in combination with other amendments in the mixture treatment, the substrate pH rise was not as great. The impacts of rate of nutrient amendments on nutrient availability are presented. DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// DO - 10.1081/CSS-120000968 VL - 32 IS - 17-18 SP - 2863-2875 SN - 0010-3624 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genetic diversity and relatedness among cultivars of stokes aster AU - Gettys, L. A. AU - Werner, D. J. T2 - HortScience DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// VL - 36 IS - 7 SP - 1323-1326 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A multivalent pairing model of linkage analysis in autotetraploids AU - Wu, S. S. AU - Wu, R. L. AU - Ma, C. X. AU - Zeng, Z. B. AU - Yang, M. C. AU - Casella, G. T2 - Genetics DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// VL - 159 IS - 3 SP - 1339-1350 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Seedling effect on root substrate pH AU - Huang, JS AU - Nelson, PV AU - Lee, JW T2 - JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION AB - Abstract Paper used for seed germination tests may or may not contain limestone. The presence of limestone presented a pH buffer in this study that could interfere with studies addressing pH, calcium (Ca), or magnesium (Mg) effects on seedling development. Alternatively, pH of unbuffered chromatography paper was changed sufficiently by seedlings to confound research objectives that are pH dependent. Gradients across unbuffered substrate paper exceeded 1.5 pH units from a point under seedling roots to a distance 5 cm away. Precise measurements of effects of seedlings on substrate pH need to be taken in close proximity to the roots. Seedling effect on unlimed paper substrate pH varied across 25 taxa from a maximum rise of 1.4 units with zinnia to a decline of 1.1 units with tomato in the interim from sowing to separation of cotyledons. In general, pH levels in paper were higher when a basic complete nutrient solution with all nitrogen (N) in NO3 form was supplied compared to an acidic solution with N comprised of 40% NH4 + 60% NO3. In a peat moss:perlite substrate, 11 taxa altered substrate pH over a range of 0.6 units, much lower than on paper. While five taxa had similar pH enhancing or suppressing influences in the paper and peat moss: perlite substrates, six shifted the direction of the pH change. The effects of most taxa on pH were similar when fertilized with acidic or basic fertilizers. Exceptions included pansy (Viola x wittrockiana Gams.), petunia (Petunia x hybrida Vilm.-Andr.), snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.), and verbena (Veberna x hybrida Voss) that responded to basic fertilizer with higher substrate pH rises than anticipated. Only modest shifts occurred in the order of taxa in terms of their effects on substrate pH over time in the peat moss:perlite substrate. Taxa that tended to raise peat moss:perlite substrate pH regardless of fertilizer type or time included pansy, petunia, and vinca (Catharanthus roseus G. Don) while those that lowered pH were celosia (Celosia cristata L.), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), and zinnia (Zinnia elegans Jacq.). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This research was funded in part by a grant from The Bedding Plant Foundation and the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service (NCARS), Raleigh, NC 27695-7643. Use of trade names in this publication does not imply endorsement by the NCARS of the products named nor criticism of similar ones not mentioned. We gratefully acknowledge the seed companies listed in Table 1 for providing seeds and Dr. William Swallow for statistical analysis. From a dissertation submitted by J.S. Huang in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Ph.D. degree. DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// DO - 10.1081/PLN-100106972 VL - 24 IS - 8 SP - 1133-1147 SN - 0190-4167 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ornamental cabbage and kale growth responses to daminozide, paclobutrazol, and uniconazole AU - Gibson, J. L. AU - Whipker, B. E. T2 - HortTechnology DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// VL - 11 IS - 2 SP - 226-230 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Generation means analysis of leaf and stem resistance to gummy stem blight in cucumber AU - Amand, PCS AU - Wehner, TC T2 - JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE AB - Leaf and stem resistance to gummy stem blight [ Didymella bryoniae (Auersw.) Rehm.] in five resistant by susceptible crosses of cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) was investigated using generation means analysis. No single gene of major effect controls either leaf or stem resistance to gummy stem blight in these five crosses. The mean number of effective factors controlling leaf resistance in the cross `Slice' × `Wis. SMR 18' was estimated to be at least five. Estimates of broad- and narrow-sense heritabilities indicated that environmental effects were larger than genetic effects. In general, additive variance was the larger component of genetic variance. Epistasis was significant in most crosses, and dominance was present in several crosses. Additive gene effects contributed more to resistance than to susceptibility in contrast with dominance gene effects. Reciprocal differences for leaf rating were detected in the crosses M 17 × `Wis. SMR 18' and `Slice' × `Wis. SMR 18'. Phenotypic correlations between leaf and stem ratings were moderate ( r = 0.52 to 0.72). Estimates of genetic gain for resistance to gummy stem blight ranged from low to moderate. Breeding methods that make best use of additive variance should be used because much of the variance for resistance is additive, and dominance effects, at least in these crosses, tended to contribute to susceptibility. DA - 2001/1// PY - 2001/1// DO - 10.21273/jashs.126.1.95 VL - 126 IS - 1 SP - 95-99 SN - 0003-1062 KW - Cucumis sativus KW - Cucurbitaceae KW - Didymella bryoniae KW - disease resistance KW - Phoma cucurbitacearum KW - vegetable breeding ER - TY - JOUR TI - Collection, utilization, and preservation of genetic resources in Vaccinium AU - Ballington, J. R. T2 - HortScience DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// VL - 36 IS - 2 SP - 213-220 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Challenger and Intrepid peaches AU - Werner, D. J. AU - Worthington, S. M. AU - Snelling, L. K. T2 - Journal American Pomological Society DA - 2001/// PY - 2001/// VL - 55 IS - 3 SP - 189-191 ER -