TY - JOUR TI - RNA Interference (RNAi) Induced Gene Silencing: A Promising Approach of Hi-Tech Plant Breeding AU - Younis, A. AU - Siddique, M.I. AU - Kim, C.-K. AU - Lim, K.-B. T2 - International Journal of Biological Sciences AB - RNA interference (RNAi) is a promising gene regulatory approach in functional genomics that has significant impact on crop improvement which permits down-regulation in gene expression with greater precise manner without affecting the expression of other genes. RNAi mechanism is expedited by small molecules of interfering RNA to suppress a gene of interest effectively. RNAi has also been exploited in plants for resistance against pathogens, insect/pest, nematodes, and virus that cause significant economic losses. Keeping beside the significance in the genome integrity maintenance as well as growth and development, RNAi induced gene syntheses are vital in plant stress management. Modifying the genes by the interference of small RNAs is one of the ways through which plants react to the environmental stresses. Hence, investigating the role of small RNAs in regulating gene expression assists the researchers to explore the potentiality of small RNAs in abiotic and biotic stress management. This novel approach opens new avenues for crop improvement by developing disease resistant, abiotic or biotic stress tolerant, and high yielding elite varieties. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.7150/IJBS.10452 VL - 10 IS - 10 SP - 1150-1158 UR - https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/13339184/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pre-planting Exogenous Application of Gibberellic Acid Influences Sprouting, Vegetative Growth, Flowering, and Subsequent Bulb Characteristics of 'Ad-Rem' Tulip AU - Ramzan, F. AU - Younis, A. AU - Riaz, A. AU - Ali, S. AU - Siddique, M.I. AU - Lim, K.-B. T2 - Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1007/S13580-014-0113-7 VL - 55 IS - 6 SP - 479-488 UR - https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/13339187/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - New sources of resistance to Phytophthora capsici in Capsicum spp. AU - Mo, H. AU - Kim, S. AU - Wai, K.P.P. AU - Siddique, M.I. AU - Yoo, H. AU - Kim, B.-S. T2 - Horticulture Environment and Biotechnology DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1007/s13580-014-0016-7 VL - 55 IS - 1 SP - 50-55 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84897777217&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CONF TI - A new method to construct genetic maps in complex autopolyploids using quantitative SNP genotyping AU - Mollinari, M. AU - Garcia, A.A.F. AU - Craig, B. AU - Doerge, R.W. T2 - Kansas State Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture C2 - 2014/// C3 - Kansas State Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture CY - Manhattan, KS, USA DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Developing Lowland Rice Varieties with Resistance to Multiple Biotic Stresses AU - Lamo, J. AU - Gyoung-rae, C. AU - Ininda, J. AU - Kofi Ayirebi, D.P. AU - Ekebu, J. AU - Ekobu, M. AU - Alibu, S. AU - Okanya, S. AU - Oloka, B. AU - Otim, M. AU - Asea, G. AU - Kyung-Ho, K. T2 - 2nd Biennial NARO Scientific Conference C2 - 2014/11// C3 - 2nd Biennial NARO Scientific Conference CY - Kampala, Uganda DA - 2014/11// PY - 2014/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Molecular Characterization of Rice Genotypes in Uganda Using Multiplex SSR Method AU - Oloka, B.M. T2 - 4th International Rice Congress C2 - 2014/10// C3 - 4th International Rice Congress CY - Bangkok, Thailand DA - 2014/10// PY - 2014/10/27/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Rice (Oryza sp) Germplasm Diversity and breeding for resistance to rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) in Uganda AU - Oloka, B.M. T2 - Rice Regional Centre of Excellence 1st Scientific Conference C2 - 2014/7// C3 - Rice Regional Centre of Excellence 1st Scientific Conference CY - Morogoro, Tanzania DA - 2014/7// PY - 2014/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - An efficient system for in vitro propagation of Bouchea fluminensis (Vell.) Mold. (Verbenaceae) AU - Resende, C.F. AU - Braga, V.F. AU - Silva, C.J. AU - Pereira, P.F. AU - Ribeiro, C. AU - Salimena, F.R.G. AU - Peixoto, P.H.P. T2 - Acta Botanica Brasilica AB - This study aimed to establish and propagate in vitro plants of Bouchea fluminensis, a medicinal species known in Brazil as gervão-falso ("false verbena"), evaluating the influences of different growth regulators on in vitro multiplication and rooting stages, as well as examining ex vitro acclimatization of rooted plants. Explants were established on Murashige and Skoog medium at half strength of salts and vitamins without growth regulators. For multiplication, the explants were subjected to combinations of 6-benzyladenine (BA; 0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 µM) and α-naphthalene-acetic acid (NAA; 0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 µM). The medium found to induce the greatest number of shoot was that containing 5 µM of BA (NAA-free). For rooting, we evaluated three auxins (NAA, indole-3-acetic acid and indole-3-butyric acid; 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 µM), as well as a control. No differences were observed between the control and the other treatments. The auxin-free medium was deemed the most suitable, because it ensures the lowest cost in the micropropagation procedures. We obtained 100% survival of the acclimatized seedlings, and the plants showed normal vegetative and reproductive development, suggesting that the micropropagation did not alter the biological cycle of this species. The results show the importance and potential of micropropagation for biodiversity conservation of Bouchea fluminensis. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1590/S0102-33062014000200005 VL - 28 IS - 2 SP - 184-189 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84901000822&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CONF TI - Screening of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) lines for bacterial spot (Xanthomonas spp.) resistance AU - Bhattarai, K. AU - Louws, F.J. AU - Williamson, J.D. AU - Panthee, D.R. T2 - 2014 ASHS Annual Conference C2 - 2014/// C3 - 2014 ASHS Annual Conference CY - Orlando, FL DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/7/27/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Combining fruit quality and late blight resistance in tomato AU - Panthee, D.R. AU - Ibrahem, R. AU - Perkins-Veazie, P. T2 - 2014 ASHS Annual Conference C2 - 2014/// C3 - 2014 ASHS Annual Conference CY - Orlando, FL DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/7/27/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Microarray analysis reveals selenium down-regulates glucisonolate biosynthesis in Arabidopsis shoots AU - Sams, C.E. AU - Panthee, D.R. AU - Charron, C.S. AU - Kopsell, D.A. AU - Yuan, J.S. T2 - 3rd International Symposium on Human Health Effects of Fruits and Vegetables C2 - 2014/// C3 - FAV HEALTH 2009. 3rd International Symposium on Human Health Effects of Fruits and Vegetables CY - Avignon, France DA - 2014/// PY - 2009/// SP - 192 ER - TY - CONF TI - Tomato rootstock resistance to Bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum): Effects of genotype and cold stress on epidemic profile AU - Kressin, J.P. AU - Silverman, E.J. AU - Louws, F.J. AU - Panthee, D.R. T2 - 2014 ASHS Annual Conference C2 - 2014/// C3 - 2014 ASHS Annual Conference CY - Orlando, FL DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/7/28/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Genetic diversity, cytogenetics, and biomass yields among Arundo species and accessions (Arundineae) AU - Touchell, D.H. AU - Ranney, T.G. AU - Panthee, D. AU - Gehl, R. AU - Krings, A. T2 - ASHS Annual Meeting C2 - 2014/// C3 - ASHS Annual Meeting CY - Orlando, FL DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/7/28/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Overexpression of Celery Mannitol Dehydrogenase (MTD) in Tomato Increases Resistance to the Mannitol Secreting Fungal Pathogen Botrytis cinerea AU - Patel, T. AU - Williamson, J.D. AU - Krasnyanski, S.F. AU - Panthee, D.R. AU - Allen, G.C. AU - Desai, A. T2 - HortScience DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 49 SP - S22-S22 M3 - Abstract ER - TY - JOUR TI - Screening of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) lines for Bacterial spot (Xanthomonas sp) resistance AU - Bhattarai, K. AU - Louws, F.J. AU - Williamson, J.D. AU - Panthee, D.R. T2 - HortScience DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 49 SP - S244-S244 M3 - Abstract ER - TY - CONF TI - Screening for bacterial spot resistance AU - Bhattarai, K. AU - Louws, F.J. AU - Williamson, J.D. AU - Panthee, D.R. T2 - 45th Tomato Breeders Round Table Meeting C2 - 2014/// C3 - 45th Tomato Breeders Round Table Meeting CY - Mountain Horticultural Crops Research &Extension Center, Mills River, NC, USA DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/9/14/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Mapping Bacterial wilt Resistance in a F2 Population of Tomatoes Derived from CLN1466EA X NC84173 AU - Silverman, E. AU - Louws, F.J. AU - Panthee, D.R. T2 - 45th Tomato Breeders Round Table Meeting C2 - 2014/// C3 - 45th Tomato Breeders Round Table Meeting CY - Mountain Horticultural Crops Research &Extension Center, Mills River, NC, USA DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/9/14/ ER - TY - CONF TI - The influence of temperature on Bacterial Wilt disease (Ralstonia solanacearum Smith), especially as it pertains to tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) from a historical perspective AU - Kressin, J.P. AU - Louws, F.J. AU - Panthee, D.R. T2 - 45th Tomato Breeders Round Table Meeting C2 - 2014/// C3 - 45th Tomato Breeders Round Table Meeting CY - Mountain Horticultural Crops Research & Extension Center, Mills River, NC, USA DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/9/14/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Mapping QTL associated with late blight resistance AU - Panthee, D.R. AU - Ibrahem, R. T2 - 45th Tomato Breeders Round Table Meeting C2 - 2014/// C3 - 45th Tomato Breeders Round Table Meeting CY - Mountain Horticultural Crops Research & Extension Center, Mills River, USA DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/9/14/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - MICROARRAY ANALYSIS REVEALS SELENIUM DOWN-REGULATES GLUCOSINOLATE BIOSYNTHESIS IN ARABIDOPSIS SHOOTS AU - Sams, C.E. AU - Panthee, D.R. AU - Charron, C.S. AU - Kopsell, D.A. AU - Barickman, T.C. AU - Yuan, J.S. T2 - Acta Horticulturae DA - 2014/6// PY - 2014/6// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2014.1040.38 VL - 6 IS - 1040 SP - 277-279 J2 - Acta Hortic. OP - SN - 0567-7572 2406-6168 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2014.1040.38 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Tomato Rootstock Resistance to Bacterial Wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum): Effects of Genotype and Cold Stress on Epidemic Profile T2 - Hortscience DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// UR - https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/51538732/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Critical Period for Weed Control in Grafted versus Nongrafted Tomato T2 - Hortscience DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// UR - https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/56007352/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Screening of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Lines for Bacterial Spot (Xanthomonas Species) Resistance T2 - Hortscience DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// UR - https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/51538733/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - The role of Mn-SOD and Fe-SOD genes in the response to low temperature in chs mutants of Arabidopsis AU - Gharari, Zahra AU - NEJAD, RAMAZANALI KHAVARI AU - BAND, REZA SHEKASTE AU - Najafi, Farzane AU - Nabiuni, Mohammad AU - Irian, Saeed T2 - Turkish Journal of Botany DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 38 IS - 1 SP - 80-88 ER - TY - CONF TI - Benefits of Turgrass in a Managed Urban Landscape AU - Seth Carley, D. T2 - Green Industry “Green n’ Growin’” Conference C2 - 2014/1// CY - Greensboro, NC DA - 2014/1// PY - 2014/1// ER - TY - SOUND TI - Plant Health as a Piece in Sustainable Turfgrass Systems AU - Seth Carley, D. DA - 2014/9// PY - 2014/9// ER - TY - SOUND TI - Helping to Define Sustainability in the Golf Industry AU - Seth Carley, D. DA - 2014/3// PY - 2014/3// ER - TY - SOUND TI - Balls in the Rough at Pinehurst No. 2: Bermudagrass “OUT” and Native Plants “IN” AU - Seth Carley, D. DA - 2014/4// PY - 2014/4// ER - TY - SOUND TI - The City of the Future: Importance of Sustainable Managed Landscapes AU - Seth Carley, D. DA - 2014/4// PY - 2014/4// ER - TY - SOUND TI - Sustainability and Turfgrass AU - Seth Carley, D. DA - 2014/5// PY - 2014/5// ER - TY - SOUND TI - Insect Pollinator Health Initiative AU - Seth Carley, D. DA - 2014/10// PY - 2014/10// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Food Virology Collaborative: NoroCORE Tackles Foodborne Viruses AU - Gensel, C.L. AU - Simmons, O.D., III AU - Jaykus, L.A. T2 - Food Safety Magazine DA - 2014/4// PY - 2014/4// VL - 20 IS - 2 ER - TY - CONF TI - Environmental Sampling of NC Tomato Production Systems for Salmonella spp AU - Ducharme, D. AU - Gunter, C. AU - Perkins-Veazie, P. AU - Simmons, O.D., III AU - Zheng, J. AU - Son, I. AU - Brown, E. AU - Bell, R. AU - Jaykus, L.A. T2 - 9th Annual NC State University Graduate Student Research Symposium C2 - 2014/3/26/ CY - Raleigh, NC DA - 2014/3/26/ PY - 2014/3/26/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Detection and Characterization of Salmonella spp. and Correlation with Microbial Indicators in NC Tomato Production Environments AU - Ducharme, D. AU - Gunter, C. AU - Perkins-Veazie, P. AU - Simmons, O.D., III AU - Zheng, J. AU - Son, I. AU - Brown, E. AU - Bell, R. AU - Jaykus, L.A. T2 - 111th Annual Meeting American Society for Horticultural Science C2 - 2014/7/28/ CY - Orlando, FL DA - 2014/7/28/ PY - 2014/7/28/ UR - https://cdn.ymaws.com/ashs.org/resource/resmgr/Files/2014_program.pdf ER - TY - CONF TI - Environmental Reservoirs of Salmonella spp. in Field and Water Samples Associated with N.C. Tomato Production AU - Ducharme, D. AU - Gunter, C. AU - Perkins-Veazie, P. AU - Simmons, O.D., III AU - Zheng, J. AU - Son, I. AU - Brown, E. AU - Bell, R. AU - Jaykus, L.A. T2 - International Association for Food Protection Annual Meeting C2 - 2014/8/3/ C3 - Field and Water Samples Associated with N.C. Tomato Production” CY - Indianapolis, IN DA - 2014/8/3/ PY - 2014/8/3/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - Stakeholder Update: A Perspective from the Fresh Produce Industry AU - Simmons, O.D., III DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// ER - TY - SOUND TI - Viruses and Fresh Produce: Important Information that Every Producer Should Know! AU - Simmons, O.D., III AU - Jaykus, L.A. DA - 2014/12/2/ PY - 2014/12/2/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - Viral Contamination of Berries: Information All Growers Should Know! AU - Simmons, O.D., III AU - Jaykus, L.A. DA - 2014/11/17/ PY - 2014/11/17/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Irrigation Water for Fresh Produce: Impacts to Food Safety AU - Simmons, O.D., III T2 - North Carolina Irrigation Society Meeting C2 - 2014/11/6/ CY - Raleigh, NC DA - 2014/11/6/ PY - 2014/11/6/ ER - TY - CONF TI - The USDA-NIFA Food Virology Collaborative: NoroCORE AU - Simmons, O.D., III AU - Jaykus, L.A. T2 - Interstate Shellfish Sanitation Conference (ISSC), Gulf and South Atlantic Shellfish Sanitation Conference C2 - 2014/// DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Wolbachia Infection Density in Populations of the Asian Citrus Psyllid (Hemiptera: Liviidae) AU - Hoffmann, M. AU - Coy, M. R. AU - Gibbard, H. N. Kingdom AU - Pelz-Stelinski, K. S. T2 - Environmental Entomology AB - The symbiotic relationships between bacteria of the genus Wolbachia (order Rickettsiales) and their arthropod hosts are diverse and can range from mutualism to parasitism. Whereas effects of Wolbachia on host biology are well investigated, little is known about diversity and abundance of Wolbachia in their natural hosts. The phloem-feeding Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri (Kuwayama) (Hemiptera: Liviidae), is naturally infected with Wolbachia (wDi). In the current study, we calculated the within-host density of Wolbachia in Florida D. citri populations using quantitative polymerase chain reaction for detection of the Wolbachia outer surface protein gene, wsp. Gene quantities were normalized to the D. citri wingless gene (Wg) to estimate Wolbachia abundance in individual D. citri. Using this method, significant geographic differences in Wolbachia densities were detected among Florida D. citri populations, with higher infection levels occurring in male versus female hosts. DA - 2014/10/1/ PY - 2014/10/1/ DO - 10.1603/en14193 VL - 43 IS - 5 SP - 1215-1222 SN - 0046-225X 1938-2936 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/en14193 KW - huanglongbing KW - HLB KW - wsp KW - Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus KW - endosymbiont ER - TY - CONF TI - The Role of Gardens in Food Security AU - Bradley, L.K. T2 - 2014 Korea Master Gardener International Conference C2 - 2014/// C3 - Proceedings of the 2014 Korea Master Gardener International Conference CY - Gyeonggi-do Agriculture Research and Extension Services DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/9/23/ SP - 83–89 ER - TY - CONF TI - Extension Master Gardener Volunteers are using a Variety of Effective Strategies AU - Bradley, L.K. T2 - 2014 Korea Master Gardener International Conference C2 - 2014/// C3 - Proceedings of the 2014 Korea Master Gardener International Conference CY - Gyeonggi-do Agriculture Research and Extension Services DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/9/23/ SP - 31–40 ER - TY - MGZN TI - Turfgrass out, Natives in! AU - Seth Carley, D. AU - Stallings, K. T2 - North Carolina Turfgrass Magazine DA - 2014/9// PY - 2014/9// ER - TY - MGZN TI - Natives in, Turfgrass Out – Recovering from back-to-back US Opens AU - Seth Carley, D. AU - Stallings, K. T2 - North Carolina Turfgrass Magazine DA - 2014/11// PY - 2014/11// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Biochemical features of native red wines and genetic diversity of the corresponding grape varieties from Campania region AU - Muccillo, Livio AU - Gambuti, Angelita AU - Frusciante, Luigi AU - Iorizzo, Massimo AU - Moio, Luigi AU - Raieta, Katia AU - Rinaldi, Alessandra AU - Colantuoni, Vittorio AU - Aversano, Riccardo T2 - Food Chemistry AB - Campania region has always been considered one of the most appreciated Italian districts for wine production. Wine distinctiveness arises from their native grapevines. To better define the chemical profile of Campania autochthonous red grape varieties, we analysed the phenolic composition of Aglianico di Taurasi, Aglianico del Vulture, Aglianico del Taburno, Piedirosso wines, and a minor native variety, Lingua di Femmina in comparison with Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon, as reference cultivars. A genetic profiling was also carried out using microsatellite molecular markers with high polymorphic and unambiguous profiles. Principal component analysis applied to 72 wines based on the 18 biochemical parameters, explained 77.6% of the total variance and highlighted important biological entities providing insightful patterns. Moreover, comparison of SSR-based data with phenylpropanoid molecules exhibited a statistically significant correlation. Our approach might be reasonably adopted for future characterisations and traceability of grapevines and corresponding wines. DA - 2014/1// PY - 2014/1// DO - 10.1016/J.FOODCHEM.2013.07.133 VL - 143 SP - 506-513 J2 - Food Chemistry LA - en OP - SN - 0308-8146 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.FOODCHEM.2013.07.133 DB - Crossref KW - Polyphenols KW - Microsatellites markers KW - Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot KW - Grape authentication KW - Campania wines traceability ER - TY - JOUR TI - PULSING EFFECTS OF SUPPLEMENTAL LED LIGHTING ON CUCUMBER SEEDLINGS GROWTH AND MORPHOLOGY IN GREENHOUSE T2 - Acta Horticulturae DA - 2014/5// PY - 2014/5// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2014.1037.117 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2014.1037.117 ER - TY - JOUR TI - LEDS SUPPLEMENTAL LIGHTING FOR VEGETABLE TRANSPLANT PRODUCTION: SPECTRAL EVALUATION AND COMPARISONS WITH HID TECHNOLOGY T2 - Acta Horticulturae DA - 2014/5// PY - 2014/5// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2014.1037.110 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2014.1037.110 KW - greenhouse KW - light-emitting diode KW - Solanum lycopersicum KW - Cucumis sativus KW - spectral quality KW - high pressure sodium ER - TY - CHAP TI - Quantitative SNP Genotyping of Polyploids with MassARRAY and Other Platforms AU - Mollinari, Marcelo AU - Serang, Oliver T2 - Methods in Molecular Biology AB - Accurate genotyping is essential for building genetic maps and performing genome assembly of polyploid species. Recent high-throughput techniques, such as Illumina GoldenGate™ and Sequenom iPLEX MassARRAY®, have made it possible to accurately estimate the relative abundances of different alleles even when the ploidy of the population is unknown. Here we describe the experimental methods for collecting these relative allele intensities and then demonstrate the practical concerns for inferring genotypes using Bayesian inference via the software package SuperMASSA. PY - 2014/10/3/ DO - 10.1007/978-1-4939-1966-6_17 SP - 215-241 OP - PB - Springer New York SN - 9781493919659 9781493919666 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1966-6_17 DB - Crossref KW - Polyploids KW - MassARRAY KW - SNP KW - Quantitative genotyping ER - TY - JOUR TI - A model for quantitative trait loci mapping, linkage phase, and segregation pattern estimation for a full-sib progeny AU - Gazaffi, Rodrigo AU - Margarido, Gabriel R. A. AU - Pastina, Maria Marta AU - Mollinari, Marcelo AU - Garcia, Antonio Augusto F. T2 - Tree Genetics & Genomes AB - Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping is an important approach for the study of the genetic architecture of quantitative traits. For perennial species, inbred lines cannot be obtained due to inbreed depression and a long juvenile period. Instead, linkage mapping can be performed by using a full-sib progeny. This creates a complex scenario because both markers and QTL alleles can have different segregation patterns as well as different linkage phases between them. We present a two-step method for QTL mapping using full-sib progeny based on composite interval mapping (i.e., interval mapping with cofactors), considering an integrated genetic map with markers with different segregation patterns and conditional probabilities obtained by a multipoint approach. The model is based on three orthogonal contrasts to estimate the additive effect (one in each parent) and dominance effect. These estimatives are obtained using the EM algorithm. In the first step, the genome is scanned to detect QTL. After, segregation pattern and linkage phases between QTL and markers are estimated. A simulated example is presented to validate the methodology. In general, the new model is more effective than existing approaches, because it can reveal QTL present in a full-sib progeny that segregates in any pattern present and can also identify dominance effects. Also, the inclusion of cofactors provided more statistical power for QTL mapping. DA - 2014/4/23/ PY - 2014/4/23/ DO - 10.1007/s11295-013-0664-2 VL - 10 IS - 4 SP - 791-801 J2 - Tree Genetics & Genomes LA - en OP - SN - 1614-2942 1614-2950 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11295-013-0664-2 DB - Crossref KW - Genetic architecture KW - Full-sib progeny KW - Composite interval mapping KW - Mixture models KW - F-1 population KW - Outbred species ER - TY - RPRT TI - Backyard composting of yard, garden and food discards AU - Sherman, R. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// M1 - AG‐791 SN - AG‐791 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nested-quantitative PCR approach with improved sensitivity for the detection of low titer levels of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus in the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama AU - Coy, M.R. AU - Hoffmann, M. AU - Kingdom Gibbard, H.N. AU - Kuhns, E.H. AU - Pelz-Stelinski, K.S. AU - Stelinski, L.L. T2 - Journal of Microbiological Methods AB - Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) is a phloem-limited bacterium transmitted by the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, and the presumptive causal agent of citrus greening disease. The current method of detection for CLas within plant and insect samples is by a presence/absence qPCR assay using the CLas 16S rDNA gene target. Although qPCR is highly sensitive, low bacterial titers or suboptimal qPCR conditions can result in false-negatives. Using a nested qPCR assay, we determined the false-negative rate of the 16S presence/absence qPCR assay was greater than 50%. Studies to determine the performance parameters of the qPCR assays for CLas 16S and Wingless (Wg), the D. citri endogenous gene, using plasmid and psyllid DNA, revealed suboptimal and variable performance of the 16S assay in psyllid samples. Average efficiencies and sensitivity limits of the plasmid assays were 99.0% and 2.7 copies of template for Wg, respectively, and 98.5% and 2.2-22.1 copies for 16S, respectively. Variability in efficiency was significantly greater in psyllid samples for both gene targets compared to the corresponding plasmid assays, and efficiencies as low as 76% were obtained for 16S. A secondary structure analysis revealed the formation of two stem-loop structures that block the forward and probe binding sites in the 16S template, which could hinder amplification. In summary, our results suggest that suboptimal qPCR efficiency is not uncommon for the 16S presence/absence qPCR assay, which combined with lowCLas titers in some samples, could contribute significantly to the under-reporting of CLas infection in psyllid and plant samples. DA - 2014/7// PY - 2014/7// DO - 10.1016/j.mimet.2014.04.007 VL - 102 SP - 15-22 J2 - Journal of Microbiological Methods LA - en OP - SN - 0167-7012 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2014.04.007 DB - Crossref KW - False-negatives KW - Huanglongbing KW - Low-abundance template KW - Microbial detection methods KW - Plant pathogen KW - Template secondary structure ER - TY - JOUR TI - Growth and morphological response of cucumber seedlings to supplemental red and blue photon flux ratios under varied solar daily light integrals AU - Hernández, Ricardo AU - Kubota, Chieri T2 - Scientia Horticulturae AB - High intensity light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have the potential to be used as supplemental lighting technology in greenhouses. However, LED light quality requirements of greenhouse crops grown when supplementing the solar spectrum are unknown. In this study, to find the requirements, cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Cumlaude) seedlings were grown in a greenhouse with and without supplemental LED lighting (PPF: 54 ± 1.1 μmol m−2 s−1) at varied blue (400–500 nm with the peak at 455 nm) and red (600–700 nm with the peak at 661 nm) photon flux (PF) ratios (B:R ratios) under different solar daily light integrals (DLI). The treatments were 0B:100R% (54 μmol m−2 s−1 red PF), 4B:96R% (2.3 and 52 μmol m−2 s−1 blue and red PF, respectively), 16B:84R% (8.5 and 46.2 μmol m−2 s−1 blue and red PF, respectively), and a control without supplemental lighting. The solar DLIs during the experiment were 5.2 ± 1.2 and 16.2 ± 5.3 mol m−2 d−1 created inside a greenhouse using shade screen. Regardless of B:R ratio, morphological and growth parameters of the seedlings were all improved under supplemental LED lighting compared to the no-supplemental-light control. Under high DLI conditions, no significant differences were found for any parameters between the different B:R ratios. Under low DLI, chlorophyll concentration increased with increasing B:R ratio (i.e., increasing blue PF without increasing photosynthetic photon flux, PPF) of the supplemental lighting. Dry mass, leaf number, and leaf area decreased with increasing B:R ratio under low DLI conditions. The reduction in dry mass and leaf number were attributed to the reduction in leaf area. Leaf net photosynthetic rate measured under ambient CO2, ambient temperature, and 1000 μmol m−2 s−1 PPF (light source: tungsten halogen lamp) also showed no difference among treatments of B:R ratios, indicating that B:R ratio treatments did not cause any changes in plant photosynthetic apparatus. When used for supplemental lighting in the greenhouse, use of 100% red LED is preferred for cucumber seedlings, and additional blue LED was not beneficial. DA - 2014/6// PY - 2014/6// DO - 10.1016/j.scienta.2014.04.035 VL - 173 SP - 92-99 J2 - Scientia Horticulturae LA - en OP - SN - 0304-4238 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2014.04.035 DB - Crossref KW - DLI KW - Greenhouse KW - Light-emitting diode KW - Cucumis sativus KW - Spectral quality KW - B:R ratio ER - TY - CHAP TI - Current and Potential Benefits of Mass Earthworm Culture AU - Lowe, Christopher N. AU - Butt, Kevin R. AU - Sherman, Rhonda L. T2 - Mass Production of Beneficial Organisms AB - Of the 6000 earthworm species, most can be subdivided into litter (compost)-dwelling species or soil-dwelling species. Litter-dwelling species are small, easily cultivated, and of enormous use in processing organic materials; they simultaneously produce a potential horticultural product (worm-worked material, or vermicompost) and also produce biomass as more earthworms. The latter are themselves a potential product for protein production (animal or human feed). Soil-dwelling earthworms require more careful culture, but their use in soil improvement schemes, enhancing selected agricultural systems, and ecotoxicological monitoring is now recognized and is becoming more widely established. Laboratory-based culture has been upscaled, and future practice will undoubtedly have a direct role in key areas of world food production and soil rehabilitation. Collectively, these seemingly insignificant animals can make a significant contribution to achieving sustainable human development. PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1016/b978-0-12-391453-8.00020-0 SP - 683-709 OP - PB - Elsevier SN - 9780123914538 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-391453-8.00020-0 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CHAP TI - Snake Gourd and Pointed Gourd: Botany and Horticulture AU - Bharathi, L. K. AU - Behera, T. K. AU - Sureja, A. K. AU - John, K. Joseph AU - Wehner, Todd C. T2 - Horticultural Reviews Volume 41 AB - Trichosanthes is the largest genus of the family Cucurbitaceae. Its center of diversity exists in southern and eastern Asia from India to Taiwan, The Philippines, Japan, and Australia, Fiji, and Pacific Islands. Two species, T. cucumerina (snake gourd) and T. dioica (pointed gourd), are widely cultivated in tropical regions, mainly for the culinary use of their immature fruit. The fruit of these two species are good sources of minerals and dietary fiber. Despite their economic importance and nutritive values, not much effort has been invested toward genetic improvement of these crops. Only recently efforts have been directed toward systematic improvement strategies of these crops in India. PY - 2014/5/9/ DO - 10.1002/9781118707418.ch09 SP - 457-496 OP - PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc. SN - 9781118707418 9781118707371 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118707418.ch09 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Single nucleotide polymorphisms generated by genotyping by sequencing to characterize genome-wide diversity, linkage disequilibrium, and selective sweeps in cultivated watermelon AU - Nimmakayala, Padma AU - Levi, Amnon AU - Abburi, Lavanya AU - Abburi, Venkata AU - Tomason, Yan R AU - Saminathan, Thangasamy AU - Vajja, Venkata AU - Malkaram, Sridhar AU - Reddy, Rishi AU - Wehner, Todd C AU - Mitchell, Sharon E AU - Reddy, Umesh K T2 - BMC Genomics AB - A large single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) dataset was used to analyze genome-wide diversity in a diverse collection of watermelon cultivars representing globally cultivated, watermelon genetic diversity. The marker density required for conducting successful association mapping depends on the extent of linkage disequilibrium (LD) within a population. Use of genotyping by sequencing reveals large numbers of SNPs that in turn generate opportunities in genome-wide association mapping and marker-assisted selection, even in crops such as watermelon for which few genomic resources are available. In this paper, we used genome-wide genetic diversity to study LD, selective sweeps, and pairwise FST distributions among worldwide cultivated watermelons to track signals of domestication.We examined 183 Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus accessions representing domesticated watermelon and generated a set of 11,485 SNP markers using genotyping by sequencing. With a diverse panel of worldwide cultivated watermelons, we identified a set of 5,254 SNPs with a minor allele frequency of ≥ 0.05, distributed across the genome. All ancestries were traced to Africa and an admixture of various ancestries constituted secondary gene pools across various continents. A sliding window analysis using pairwise FST values was used to resolve selective sweeps. We identified strong selection on chromosomes 3 and 9 that might have contributed to the domestication process. Pairwise analysis of adjacent SNPs within a chromosome as well as within a haplotype allowed us to estimate genome-wide LD decay. LD was also detected within individual genes on various chromosomes. Principal component and ancestry analyses were used to account for population structure in a genome-wide association study. We further mapped important genes for soluble solid content using a mixed linear model.Information concerning the SNP resources, population structure, and LD developed in this study will help in identifying agronomically important candidate genes from the genomic regions underlying selection and for mapping quantitative trait loci using a genome-wide association study in sweet watermelon. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1186/1471-2164-15-767 VL - 15 IS - 1 SP - 767 J2 - BMC Genomics LA - en OP - SN - 1471-2164 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-15-767 DB - Crossref KW - Linkage disequilibrium KW - GWAS KW - Selective sweep KW - Population structure KW - Genotyping by sequencing KW - Watermelon KW - Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus ER - TY - RPRT TI - Choosing and Using Edible Flowers. AU - Lauderdale, C. AU - Bradley, L.K. A3 - North Carolina Cooperative Extension DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// M1 - AG-790 PB - North Carolina Cooperative Extension SN - AG-790 UR - http://content.ces.ncsu.edu/choosing-and-using-edible-flowers-ag-790.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Use of Demonstration Gardens in Extension: Challenges and Benefits AU - Glen, C. AU - Moore, G.E. AU - Jayaratne, K.S.U. AU - Bradley, L.K. T2 - Journal of Extension DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 52 IS - 4 UR - http://www.joe.org/joe/2014august/a6.php ER - TY - JOUR TI - Design Matters in Community Gardens AU - Bradley, L.K. AU - Lelekacs, J.M. AU - Ascher, C.T. AU - Sherk, J.T. T2 - Journal of Extension DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 52 IS - 1 UR - http://www.joe.org/joe/2014february/tt9.php ER - TY - JOUR TI - Preparing Students for a Diverse Future: Using Service-Learning for Career Training in Soil Science Community Outreach AU - Smith, S. AU - Prohn, S. AU - Driscoll, L. AU - Hesterberg, D. AU - Bradley, L.K. AU - Grossman, J. T2 - NACTA DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 58 IS - 4 SP - 293-301 UR - http://www.nactateachers.org/index.php/volume-58-number-4-december-2014/2250-preparing-students-for-a-diverse-future-using-service-learning-for-career-training-in-soil-science-community-outreach ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genetic and Genomic Resources in Black Raspberry AU - Bassil, N. AU - Gilmore, B. AU - Hummer, K. AU - Weber, C. AU - Dossett, M. AU - Agunga, R. AU - Rhodes, E. AU - Mockler, T. AU - Scheerens, J.C. AU - Filichkin, S. AU - Lewers, K. AU - Peterson, M. AU - Finn, C.E. AU - Graham, J. AU - Lee, J. AU - Fernández-Fernández, F. AU - Fernandez, G. AU - Yun, S.J. AU - Perkins-Veazie, P. T2 - Acta Horticulturae AB - Over the last 75 years, the black raspberry industry in the United States has steadily declined due to lack of adapted and disease resistant cultivars. The high anthocyanin content of black raspberry and associated health benefits have revived interest in production and breeding new cultivars. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service, National Clonal Germplasm Repository manages black raspberry germplasm and maintains a collection of over 175 accessions. Wild black raspberries collected in their native range from more than 130 locations across 27 US states and two Canadian provinces were recently added to this collection. Evaluation of this wild germplasm led to the identification of four sources of aphid resistance, two of which were introgressed into the elite breeding pool in two mapping populations. A major focus of this project is to develop, and make available, genomic tools including linkage and physical maps, a draft genome assembly, ESTs, SNP and SSR markers for use in black and red raspberry breeding. We will study genotype by environment interactions in this black raspberry germplasm in four different production regions across North America and apply the genomic tools to identify QTL important for breeding objectives. These tools will facilitate informed decisions regarding germplasm value and usage, crossing, and selection through marker-assisted breeding, and will be useful for breeding programs across the US. Here, we present the current status of global genetic resources and genomic research in black raspberry. DA - 2014/8// PY - 2014/8// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2014.1048.1 VL - 8 IS - 1048 SP - 19-24 SN - 0567-7572 2406-6168 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2014.1048.1 KW - Rubus occidentalis KW - microsatellite markers KW - genome assembly KW - expressed sequence tags KW - breeding ER - TY - JOUR TI - The performance of pathogenic bacterial phytosensing transgenic tobacco in the field AU - Fethe, M.H. AU - Liu, W. AU - Burris, J.N. AU - Millwood, R.J. AU - Mazarei, M. AU - Rudis, M.R. AU - Yeaman, D.G. AU - Dubosquielle, M. AU - Stewart, C.N. T2 - Plant Biotechnology Journal AB - Phytosensors are useful for rapid-on-the-plant detection of contaminants and agents that cause plant stress. Previously, we produced a series of plant pathogen-inducible synthetic promoters fused to an orange fluorescent protein (OFP) reporter gene and transformed them into tobacco and Arabidopsis thaliana plants; in these transgenic lines, an OFP signal is expressed commensurate with the presence of plant pathogens. We report here the results of 2 years of field experiments using a subset of these bacterial phytosensing tobacco plants. Time-course analysis of field-grown phytosensors showed that a subset of plants responded predictably to treatments with Pseudomonas phytopathogens. There was a twofold induction in the OFP fluorescence driven by two distinct salicylic acid-responsive synthetic promoters, 4 × PR1 and 4 × SARE. Most notably, transgenic plants containing 4 × PR1 displayed the earliest and highest OFP induction at 48 and 72 h postinoculation (h p.i.) upon inoculation with two phytopathogens Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato and P. syringae pv. tabaci, respectively. These results demonstrate transgenic tobacco harbouring a synthetic inducible promoter-driven OFP could be used to facilitate monitoring and early-warning reporting of phytopathogen infections in agricultural fields. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1111/pbi.12180 VL - 12 IS - 6 SP - 755-764 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84904763653&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - transgenic plants KW - phytosensor KW - synthetic promoters KW - phytopathogen sensing KW - phytobacterial pathogens KW - field tested ER - TY - JOUR TI - Synthetic TAL effectors for targeted enhancement of transgene expression in plants AU - Liu, W. AU - Rudis, M.R. AU - Peng, Y. AU - Mazarei, M. AU - Millwood, R.J. AU - Yang, J.-P. AU - Xu, W. AU - Chesnut, J.D. AU - Stewart, C.N. T2 - Plant Biotechnology Journal AB - Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs), secreted by the pathogenic bacteria Xanthomonas, specifically activate expression of targeted genes in plants. Here, we designed synthetic TALEs that bind to the flanking regions of the TATA-box motif on the CaMV 35S promoter for the purpose of understanding the engineerable 'hot-spots' for increasing transgene expression. We demonstrated that transient expression of de novo-engineered TALEs using agroinfiltration could significantly increase reporter gene expression in stable transgenic tobacco expressing the orange fluorescent protein reporter gene pporRFP under the control of synthetic inducible, minimal or full-length 35S promoters. Moreover, the additive effects of a combination of two different synthetic TALEs could significantly enhance the activation effects of TALEs on reporter gene expression more than when each TALE was used individually. We also studied the effects of the C-terminal domain and the activation domain of synthetic TALEs, as well as the best 'hot-spots' on the 35S promoter on targeted transgene activation. Furthermore, TALE activation of the Arabidopsis MYB transcription factor AtPAP1 (PRODUCTION OF ANTHOCYANIN PIGMENT 1) in stable transgenic tobacco gave rise to a dark purple colour on infiltrated leaves when driven by four copies of cis-regulatory elements of pathogenesis-related gene (PR1) with enhancer motifs B and A1 from the 35S promoter. These results provide novel insights into the potential applications of synthetic TALEs for targeted gene activation of transgenes in plants. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1111/pbi.12150 VL - 12 IS - 4 SP - 436-446 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84899063623&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - targeted transgene activation KW - synthetic TALEs KW - additive effects KW - pporRFP KW - AtPAP1 KW - transgenic plants ER - TY - JOUR TI - Computational discovery of soybean promoter cis-regulatory elements for the construction of soybean cyst nematode-inducible synthetic promoters AU - Liu, W. AU - Mazarei, M. AU - Peng, Y. AU - Fethe, M.H. AU - Rudis, M.R. AU - Lin, J. AU - Millwood, R.J. AU - Arelli, P.R. AU - Stewart, C.N. T2 - Plant Biotechnology Journal AB - Summary Computational methods offer great hope but limited accuracy in the prediction of functional cis ‐regulatory elements; improvements are needed to enable synthetic promoter design. We applied an ensemble strategy for de novo soybean cyst nematode ( SCN )‐inducible motif discovery among promoters of 18 co‐expressed soybean genes that were selected from six reported microarray studies involving a compatible soybean– SCN interaction. A total of 116 overlapping motif regions ( OMR s) were discovered bioinformatically that were identified by at least four out of seven bioinformatic tools. Using synthetic promoters, the inducibility of each OMR or motif itself was evaluated by co‐localization of gain of function of an orange fluorescent protein reporter and the presence of SCN in transgenic soybean hairy roots. Among 16 OMR s detected from two experimentally confirmed SCN ‐inducible promoters, 11 OMR s (i.e. 68.75%) were experimentally confirmed to be SCN ‐inducible, leading to the discovery of 23 core motifs of 5‐ to 7‐bp length, of which 14 are novel in plants. We found that a combination of the three best tools (i.e. SCOPE , W‐Align ACE and Weeder) could detect all 23 core motifs. Thus, this strategy is a high‐throughput approach for de novo motif discovery in soybean and offers great potential for novel motif discovery and synthetic promoter engineering for any plant and trait in crop biotechnology. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1111/pbi.12206 VL - 12 IS - 8 SP - 1015-1026 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84925969416&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - de novo motif discovery KW - plant synthetic biology KW - pporRFP KW - transgenic soybean hairy system KW - soybean cyst nematode KW - soybean ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genotype X Environment Interaction for Storage Root Yield in Sweetpotato Under Managed Drought Stress Conditions AU - Kivuva, Benjamin M. AU - Githiri, Stephen M. AU - Githiri, Stephen M. AU - Yencho, George C. AU - Yencho, George C. AU - Sibiya, Julia AU - Sibiya, Julia T2 - Journal of Agricultural Science AB - Most crops, including sweetpotato vary widely in yield performance across different agro-ecological environments. This study was set up to determine the genotype x environment interaction (GEI) for storage root yield performance of 24 sweetpotato genotypes in eight environments; two locations - Kiboko and Thika, two moisture stress conditions - drought stress and no drought stress, and two years - 2011 and 2012 in Kenya. Plots of three rows each of 10 plants per genotype, at density of 0.9 m × 0.30 m were panted during dry season under split plot design replicated twice. Managed irrigation was applied to control moisture stress during the growth period. Fresh storage root yield (FSR) data was collected, and drought susceptibility indices (DSI) determined. Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interactions (AMMI) genotype main effect by genotype-environment (GGE) interaction biplots and regression analyses were done using Genstat 14th edition to determine GEI effects. The environment, genotype main effects, and the GEI were all significant (P < 0.001). The DSI showed significant variation of genotypes in different environments. The highest yielding genotypes across the environments were G7, G14, G15, and G10 while most stable genotypes were G5, G22 and G2 and the least stable was G24. Thus, genotypes G5, G22 and G2 may be used across environments, while genotypes G7 and G14 could be used, 1) in specific locations to boost production under unpredictable rainfall conditions, 2) incorporated into drought screening breeding programmes to develop a new generation of drought tolerant sweetpotato varieties to meet changing climatic conditions. DA - 2014/9// PY - 2014/9// DO - 10.5539/jas.v6n10p41 VL - 6 IS - 10 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Combining ability and heterosis for yield and drought tolerance traits under managed drought stress in sweetpotato AU - Musembi, Kivuva Benjamin AU - Githiri, Stephen Mwangi AU - Yencho, George Craig AU - Sibiya, Julia T2 - Euphytica DA - 2014/8/14/ PY - 2014/8/14/ DO - 10.1007/s10681-014-1230-1 VL - 201 IS - 3 SP - 423-440 J2 - Euphytica LA - en OP - SN - 0014-2336 1573-5060 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10681-014-1230-1 DB - Crossref KW - Combining ability KW - Homozygous recessive KW - Drought tolerance KW - Gene effects KW - Heterosis ER - TY - CONF TI - Ploidy levels and interploid hybridization in panicle hydrangea (Hydrangea paniculata AU - Beck, W.T. AU - Ranney, T.G. C2 - 2014/// C3 - Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 59th Annual Report DA - 2014/// VL - 59 SP - 296–300 ER - TY - CONF TI - New insights into breeding and propagating magnolias AU - Ranney, T. AU - Gillooly, D. C2 - 2014/// C3 - Proceedings of the Combined International Plant Propagators’ Society DA - 2014/// VL - 64 SP - 441–449 ER - TY - SOUND TI - Grafted Tomatoes: A Sustainable Alternative to Soil Fumigation AU - Suchoff, D.H. AU - Schultheis, J.R. AU - Gunter, C.C. AU - Louws, F.J. DA - 2014/10/17/ PY - 2014/10/17/ M3 - poster ER - TY - SOUND TI - 2013 On-farm Grafted Tomato Trial to Manage Bacterial Wilt AU - Suchoff, D.H. AU - Schultheis, J.R. AU - Gunter, C.C. AU - Louws, F.J. DA - 2014/5/21/ PY - 2014/5/21/ M3 - poster ER - TY - SOUND TI - 2013 On-farm Grafted Tomato Trial to Manage Bacterial Wilt AU - Suchoff, D.H. AU - Schultheis, J.R. AU - Gunter, C.C. AU - Louws, F.J. DA - 2014/3/26/ PY - 2014/3/26/ M3 - poster ER - TY - JOUR TI - 2013 On-farm Grafted Tomato Trial to Manage Bacterial Wilt AU - Suchoff, D.H. AU - Louws, F.J. AU - Gunter, C.C. AU - Schultheis, J.R. T2 - Acta Horticulturae (ISHS) AB - Grossing over $33.7 million in annual sales, North Carolina ranks 7th in the US for the production of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum). A replicated on-farm trial was conducted in Rowan County, NC. On May 30th, 2013, 8.1 ha of two bacterial wilt (BW; R. solanacearum (race 1)) resistant rootstocks were planted. The objective of this trial was to evaluate disease susceptibility and production in fields with BW history. In addition, plant spacing and training systems were compared. Two experimental sites, one fumigated and one non-fumigated, were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications, each consisting of 91.4 m-rows in a commercial plasticulture system. Each row contained 13 10-plant treatment plots (2A—2A—3 Factorial + Control): two rootstocks (‘801’, ‘802’; Rijk Zwaan), two training systems (single-leader, double-leaders), three between-plant spacings (45.7, 61.0, and 76.2 cm) with ‘Mountain Fresh’ as the scion and a non-grafted ‘Mountain Fresh’ control spaced at 45.7 cm. Wilt incidence was collected during the two harvests. Fruit were harvested twice at 69 and 84 days after transplanting. Wilt incidence was lower in the non-fumigated field and no differences in yield between the grafted and non-grafted plants were observed. In the fumigated field, the main effect of grafting tended to increase yield. Both the main effect of training system and spacing significantly affected yield in the grafted treatments. BW incidence was significantly higher in the non-grafted treatment (29.08%) than ‘801’ and ‘802’ rootstocks (0.909 and 0.183%, respectively) (P<.0001). Single-leader grafted plants had 2.54% more BW incidence than double-leader plants (P=0.0007). Grafted tomatoes offered an alternative method to fumigation as a means to reduce BW loss and sustain marketable yield. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2015.1086.14 VL - 1086 SP - 119–127 KW - grafted tomato KW - on-farm KW - bacterial wilt ER - TY - JOUR TI - Development and bin mapping of gene-associated interspecific SNPs for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) introgression breeding efforts AU - Hulse-Kemp, Amanda M AU - Ashrafi, Hamid AU - Zheng, Xiuting AU - Wang, Fei AU - Hoegenauer, Kevin A AU - Maeda, Andrea BV AU - Yang, S Samuel AU - Stoffel, Kevin AU - Matvienko, Marta AU - Clemons, Kimberly AU - Udall, Joshua A AU - Deynze, Allen Van AU - Jones, Don C AU - Stelly, David M T2 - BMC Genomics AB - Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is the largest producer of natural fibers for textile and is an important crop worldwide. Crop production is comprised primarily of G. hirsutum L., an allotetraploid. However, elite cultivars express very small amounts of variation due to the species monophyletic origin, domestication and further bottlenecks due to selection. Conversely, wild cotton species harbor extensive genetic diversity of prospective utility to improve many beneficial agronomic traits, fiber characteristics, and resistance to disease and drought. Introgression of traits from wild species can provide a natural way to incorporate advantageous traits through breeding to generate higher-producing cotton cultivars and more sustainable production systems. Interspecific introgression efforts by conventional methods are very time-consuming and costly, but can be expedited using marker-assisted selection. Using transcriptome sequencing we have developed the first gene-associated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for wild cotton species G. tomentosum, G. mustelinum, G. armourianum and G. longicalyx. Markers were also developed for a secondary cultivated species G. barbadense cv. 3–79. A total of 62,832 non-redundant SNP markers were developed from the five wild species which can be utilized for interspecific germplasm introgression into cultivated G. hirsutum and are directly associated with genes. Over 500 of the G. barbadense markers have been validated by whole-genome radiation hybrid mapping. Overall 1,060 SNPs from the five different species have been screened and shown to produce acceptable genotyping assays. This large set of 62,832 SNPs relative to cultivated G. hirsutum will allow for the first high-density mapping of genes from five wild species that affect traits of interest, including beneficial agronomic and fiber characteristics. Upon mapping, the markers can be utilized for marker-assisted introgression of new germplasm into cultivated cotton and in subsequent breeding of agronomically adapted types, including cultivar development. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1186/1471-2164-15-945 VL - 15 IS - 1 SP - 945 KW - Cotton KW - Gossypium barbadense KW - Gossypium tomentosum KW - Gossypium mustelinum KW - Gossypium armourianum KW - Gossypium longicalyx KW - RNA-seq KW - Interspecific SNP ER - TY - JOUR TI - QTL Mapping of Fruit Rot Resistance to the Plant Pathogen Phytophthora capsici in a Recombinant Inbred Line Capsicum annuum Population AU - Naegele, R. P. AU - Ashrafi, H. AU - Hill, T. A. AU - Chin-Wo, S. Reyes AU - Deynze, A. E. Van AU - Hausbeck, M. K. T2 - Phytopathology AB - Phytophthora capsici is an important pepper (Capsicum annuum) pathogen causing fruit and root rot, and foliar blight in field and greenhouse production. Previously, an F6 recombinant inbred line population was evaluated for fruit rot susceptibility. Continuous variation among lines and partial and isolate-specific resistance were found. In this study, Phytophthora fruit rot resistance was mapped in the same F6 population between Criollo del Morelos 334 (CM334), a landrace from Mexico, and ‘Early Jalapeno’ using a high-density genetic map. Isolate-specific resistance was mapped independently in 63 of the lines evaluated and the two parents. Heritability of the resistance for each isolate at 3 and 5 days postinoculation (dpi) was high (h 2 = 0.63 to 0.68 and 0.74 to 0.83, respectively). Significant additive and epistatic quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified for resistance to isolates OP97 and 13709 (3 and 5 dpi) and 12889 (3 dpi only). Mapping of fruit traits showed potential linkage with few disease resistance QTL. The partial fruit rot resistance from CM334 suggests that this may not be an ideal source for fruit rot resistance in pepper. DA - 2014/5// PY - 2014/5// DO - 10.1094/phyto-05-13-0143-r VL - 104 IS - 5 SP - 479-483 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cosegregates with QTL for Resistance to in Pepper () AU - Rehrig, William Z. AU - Ashrafi, Hamid AU - Hill, Theresa AU - Prince, James AU - Deynze, Allen Van T2 - The Plant Genome AB - A major problem for the pepper ( Capsicum annuum ) industry is the root rot disease caused by Phytophthora capsici ( Pc ), to which all commercial varieties suffer yield losses despite good management practices and available landraces with high levels of resistance. A high‐density map with 3887 markers was generated in a set of recombinant inbred lines (RIL) derived from the highly resistant Capsicum annuum accession Criollo de Morelos‐334 and Early Jalapeño. These lines have been systematically screened for Pc resistance against a set of isolates collected from Mexico, New Mexico, New Jersey, California, Michigan and Tennessee. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with effective resistance across isolates have been identified and validated with SNP markers across additional segregating populations. By leveraging transcriptomic and genomic information, we describe CaDMR1 , a homoserine kinase (HSK), as a candidate gene responsible for the major QTL on chromosome P5 for resistance to Pc . SNP markers for the resistant allele were validated to facilitate gene pyramiding schemes for recurrent selection in pepper. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.3835/plantgenome2014.03.0011 VL - 7 IS - 2 SP - 0 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genome sequence of the hot pepper provides insights into the evolution of pungency in Capsicum species AU - Kim, Seungill AU - Park, Minkyu AU - Yeom, Seon-In AU - Kim, Yong-Min AU - Lee, Je Min AU - Lee, Hyun-Ah AU - Seo, Eunyoung AU - Choi, Jaeyoung AU - Cheong, Kyeongchae AU - Kim, Ki-Tae AU - Jung, Kyongyong AU - Lee, Gir-Won AU - Oh, Sang-Keun AU - Bae, Chungyun AU - Kim, Saet-Byul AU - Lee, Hye-Young AU - Kim, Shin-Young AU - Kim, Myung-Shin AU - Kang, Byoung-Cheorl AU - Jo, Yeong Deuk AU - Yang, Hee-Bum AU - Jeong, Hee-Jin AU - Kang, Won-Hee AU - Kwon, Jin-Kyung AU - Shin, Chanseok AU - Lim, Jae Yun AU - Park, June Hyun AU - Huh, Jin Hoe AU - Kim, June-Sik AU - Kim, Byung-Dong AU - Cohen, Oded AU - Paran, Ilan AU - Suh, Mi Chung AU - Lee, Saet Buyl AU - Kim, Yeon-Ki AU - Shin, Younhee AU - Noh, Seung-Jae AU - Park, Junhyung AU - Seo, Young Sam AU - Kwon, Suk-Yoon AU - Kim, Hyun A. AU - Park, Jeong Mee AU - Kim, Hyun-Jin AU - Choi, Sang-Bong AU - Bosland, Paul W. AU - Reeves, Gregory AU - Jo, Sung-Hwan AU - Lee, Bong-Woo AU - Cho, Hyung-Taeg AU - Choi, Hee-Seung AU - Lee, Min-Soo AU - Yu, Yeisoo AU - Do Choi, Yang AU - Park, Beom-Seok AU - Deynze, Allen AU - Ashrafi, Hamid AU - Hill, Theresa AU - Kim, Woo Taek AU - Pai, Hyun-Sook AU - Ahn, Hee Kyung AU - Yeam, Inhwa AU - Giovannoni, James J. AU - Rose, Jocelyn K. C. AU - Sørensen, Iben AU - Lee, Sang-Jik AU - Kim, Ryan W. AU - Choi, Ik-Young AU - Choi, Beom-Soon AU - Lim, Jong-Sung AU - Lee, Yong-Hwan AU - Choi, Doil T2 - Nature Genetics AB - Hot pepper (Capsicum annuum), one of the oldest domesticated crops in the Americas, is the most widely grown spice crop in the world. We report whole-genome sequencing and assembly of the hot pepper (Mexican landrace of Capsicum annuum cv. CM334) at 186.6× coverage. We also report resequencing of two cultivated peppers and de novo sequencing of the wild species Capsicum chinense. The genome size of the hot pepper was approximately fourfold larger than that of its close relative tomato, and the genome showed an accumulation of Gypsy and Caulimoviridae family elements. Integrative genomic and transcriptomic analyses suggested that change in gene expression and neofunctionalization of capsaicin synthase have shaped capsaicinoid biosynthesis. We found differential molecular patterns of ripening regulators and ethylene synthesis in hot pepper and tomato. The reference genome will serve as a platform for improving the nutritional and medicinal values of Capsicum species. DA - 2014/3// PY - 2014/3// DO - 10.1038/ng.2877 VL - 46 IS - 3 SP - 270-278 LA - en SN - 1546-1718 UR - https://www.nature.com/articles/ng.2877 DB - www.nature.com Y2 - 2018/12/16/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - SNP marker discovery for tomato breeding using Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS) AU - Ashrafi, Hamid AU - Ohlson, Erik W. AU - Sullenberger, Matthew T. AU - Stoffel, Kevin AU - Masoudi, Mark AU - Deynze, Allen Van AU - Foolad, Majid DA - 2014/9/14/ PY - 2014/9/14/ N1 - Abstract pp. 12-13 RN - Abstract pp. 12-13 ER - TY - SOUND TI - Increasing Gossypium hirsutum Intraspecific SNPs via Genomic Sequencing AU - Deynze, Allen Van AU - Stelly, David AU - Ashrafi, Hamid AU - Hulse, Amanda M. AU - Jones, Don C. DA - 2014/1/11/ PY - 2014/1/11/ M3 - poster N1 - Poster P0413 RN - Poster P0413 ER - TY - SOUND TI - Deciphering Resistance to Phytophthora capsici in Pepper AU - Deynze, Allen Van AU - Hill, Theresa AU - Ashrafi, Hamid AU - Kozik, Alexander AU - Chin-Wo, Sebastian Reyes AU - Rehrig, William Zebulun DA - 2014/1/11/ PY - 2014/1/11/ M3 - poster N1 - Poster P0413 RN - Poster P0413 ER - TY - CONF TI - Evaluating apple replant strategies in the Southeastern United States AU - Parker, M. L. AU - Hoyt, T. AU - Clark, B. C2 - 2014/// C3 - X international symposium on integrating canopy, rootstock and environmental physiology in orchard systems DA - 2014/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2014.1058.84 VL - 1058 SP - 645-650 ER - TY - CONF TI - Physical properties of varying rain garden filter bed substrates affect saturated hydraulic conductivity ? AU - Riley, E. D. AU - Kraus, Helen AU - Bilderback, T. E. C2 - 2014/// C3 - Proceedings of the international plant propagator's society - 2013 DA - 2014/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2014.1055.102 VL - 1055 SP - 485–489 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Variation of carotenoids and polyphenolics in peach and implications on breeding for modified phytochemical profiles AU - Brown, A. F. AU - Yousef, G. G. AU - Guzman, I. AU - Chebrolu, K. K. AU - Werner, D. J. AU - Parker, M. AU - Gasic, K. AU - Perkins-Veazie, P. T2 - Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 139 IS - 6 SP - 676-686 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Micropropagation of an interspecific hybrid dogwood (Cornus 'NCCH1') AU - Lattier, J. D. AU - Touchell, D. H. AU - Ranney, T. G. T2 - Propagation of Ornamental Plants DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 14 IS - 4 SP - 184-190 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Postharvest performance of cut marigold, rose, and sunflower stems as influenced by homemade and commercial floral preservatives AU - Ahmad, Iftikhar AU - Dole, John Martin T2 - TURKISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY AB - Effects of homemade or commercial floral preservatives, applied as 48-h grower treatments or continuous retailer/consumer applications, were studied on cut Double Eagle marigold, Red Bentley rose, and Sunbright sunflower. Cut stems of marigold placed in preservative solutions, irrespective of the duration, had a longer vase life than stems in tap water. Continuous use of soda (7 Up) or citric-Kathon and short-term use of citric-Al resulted in the longest extension of vase life. Cut stems of rose had the longest vase life when pulsed with citric-Kathon for 48 h or continuously placed in citric-Al until termination. For sunflower, use of citric-Kathon or citric-Greenshield both as a pulse and as a vase solution extended the vase life similar to commercial preservatives such as Floralife or Chrysal; it was 1.8 days longer than the vase life of stems in tap water. Continuous use of lemon juice plus sugar or citric acid plus sugar reduced the vase life of rose and sunflower stems. The pH of tap water solutions became more acidic when used after 48 h of pulsing with preservative solutions, while greater changes in electrical conductivity were recorded when the preservative solutions containing soda, lemon juice plus sugar, or citric-Al were used until termination. Stems of all species tested kept continuously in soda had the highest dry weight, while citric-Kathon had higher fresh weight at termination, compared to initial fresh weight at harvest, and higher solution uptake. In summary, continuous vase application of citric-Kathon, soda, or citric-Greenshield resulted in the best postharvest performance of marigold and sunflower, and continuous treatment with citric-Al or pulsing with citric-Kathon resulted in the best postharvest performance of cut roses; all of the aforementioned treatments resulted in a vase life similar to those of commercial preservatives. However, mixtures containing lemon juice or citric acid plus sugar had detrimental effects and should not be used for longer periods to handle cut stems of rose or sunflower. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.3906/tar-1402-31 VL - 38 IS - 6 SP - 916-925 SN - 1303-6173 KW - Aluminum sulfate KW - citric acid KW - cut flowers KW - folk recipes KW - rose KW - vase life ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mini-horhizotron: An apparatus for observing and measuring root growth of container-grown plant material in situ AU - Judd, L. A. AU - Jackson, B. E. AU - Yap, T. C. AU - Fonteno, W. C. T2 - HortScience DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 49 IS - 11 SP - 1424-1431 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Construction of a genetic linkage map of an interspecific diploid blueberry population and identification of QTL for chilling requirement and cold hardiness AU - Rowland, L. J. AU - Ogden, E. L. AU - Bassil, N. AU - Buck, E. J. AU - McCallum, S. AU - Graham, J. AU - Brown, A. AU - Wiedow, C. AU - Campbell, A. M. AU - Haynes, K. G. AU - Vinyard, B. T. T2 - Molecular Breeding DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 34 IS - 4 SP - 2033-2048 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Concentrating Immunoprotective Phytoactive Compounds from Fruits and Vegetables into Shelf-stable Protein-rich Ingredients AU - Yousef, Gad G. AU - Grace, Mary H. AU - Medina, Jorge L. Guerrero AU - Neff, Scott AU - Guzman, Ivette AU - Brown, Allan F. AU - Raskin, Ilya AU - Lila, Mary Ann T2 - PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION DA - 2014/12// PY - 2014/12// DO - 10.1007/s11130-014-0445-6 VL - 69 IS - 4 SP - 317-324 SN - 1573-9104 KW - Muscadine KW - Kale KW - Polyphenolics KW - Carotenoids KW - Glucosinolates KW - Protein isolate ER - TY - JOUR TI - 'Mountain Rouge': A pink-fruited, heirloom-type hybrid tomato and its parent line NC 161L AU - Panthee, D. R. AU - Gardner, R. G. T2 - HortScience DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 49 IS - 11 SP - 1463-1464 ER - TY - JOUR TI - 'Mountain Lion': A large-fruited, extended shelf-life hybrid tomato and its parent line, NC 2rinEC AU - Panthee, D. R. AU - Gardner, R. G. T2 - HortScience DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 49 IS - 11 SP - 1461-1462 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Refining Postharvest Handling Procedures Increased Cut Rose Vase Life AU - Moody, Erin P. AU - Dole, John M. AU - Barnes, Jared T2 - HORTTECHNOLOGY AB - Various postharvest procedures were conducted on several rose ( Rosa hybrida ) cultivars to determine the effects on vase life, water uptake, change in fresh weight, stage of opening, and vase life termination criteria. Vase life was influenced by cultivar and vase solution. Commercial preservative solutions resulted in a longer vase life, smaller decrease in fresh weight than the controls, and smaller increase in water uptake. Vase life of nine cultivars in distilled water ranged from a low of 7.1 days for Queen 2000 to a high of 15.3 days for Forever Young. Flower termination criteria were also cultivar specific with Black Baccara, Classy, and Charlotte most prone to bent neck and blackening of petal tips. Exogenous ethylene at 0.4 or 4.0 μL·L −1 did not affect vase life but lowered water uptake. Application of the antiethylene agent silver thiosulfate (STS) at 0.2 m m concentration significantly improved vase life in five out of the nine cultivars (Anna, Charlotte, First Red, Freedom, and Konfetti) tested, but 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) at 740 nL·L −1 did not improve vase life over the control. Both vase life and water uptake were reduced when more than one stem was placed in a vase; placing 10 stems in a vase shortened vase life by 1.4 days and impeded water uptake by up to 10.6 mL/stem per day. Increasing the amount of time stems remained dry before placing in a vase reduced vase life, but recutting immediately before placing in a vase minimized the decline. Increasing the amount of stem cut off the base up to 10 cm increased vase life. DA - 2014/12// PY - 2014/12// DO - 10.21273/horttech.24.6.676 VL - 24 IS - 6 SP - 676-685 SN - 1943-7714 KW - Rosa hybrida KW - 1-methylcyclopropene KW - ethylene KW - silver thiosulfate KW - senescence ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pulsing With Low Concentration Gibberellin Plus Benzyladenine or Commercial Floral Preservatives Affect Postharvest Longevity, Quality, and Leaf Chlorosis of Cut Lilies and Gladioli AU - Ahmad, Iftikhar AU - Dole, John M. AU - Favero, Bruno T. T2 - HORTTECHNOLOGY AB - Effects of pulsing with different concentrations of gibberellin plus benzyladenine (GA 4+7 + BA), a proprietary mixture of GA 4+7 plus BA in a commercial floral preservative (GA 4+7 + BA + preservative), or a propriety mixture of sugar plus acidifier developed for bulbous flowers (floral bulb preservative) were studied on postharvest performance and quality of cut lily ( Lilium hybrids) and gladiolus ( Gladiolus hybrids) flowers. Pulsing of cut stems of lily with GA 4+7 + BA at 5 or 2 mL·L −1 GA 4+7 + BA + preservative for 20 hours at 3 ± 1 °C extended the vase life and controlled leaf chlorosis of ‘Cobra’ oriental lily and ‘Cappuccino’ and ‘Dot Com’ asiatic lily. Cut ‘Orange Art’ asiatic lily performed best when pulsed with GA 4+7 + BA at 10 mg·L −1 . For cut gladiolus, pulsing with GA 4+7 + BA at 10 mg·L −1 extended the vase life of ‘Alice’, ‘Mammoth’, and ‘Passion’, while ‘Scarlet’ had the longest vase life when pulsed with 5 mg·L −1 GA 4+7 + BA. GA 4+7 + BA + preservative also extended the vase life and controlled leaf chlorosis, but the floral bulb preservative had no effect on vase life extension or preventing leaf chlorosis of lilies. Gladiolus cultivars had no or minor leaf chlorosis during vase period. Overall, overnight pulsing with GA 4+7 + BA or GA 4+7 + BA + preservative extended the vase life and prevented leaf chlorosis and can be used by growers and wholesalers for maintaining quality of cut stems. DA - 2014/10// PY - 2014/10// DO - 10.21273/horttech.24.5.560 VL - 24 IS - 5 SP - 560-564 SN - 1943-7714 KW - plant growth regulators KW - senescence KW - vase life ER - TY - JOUR TI - Postharvest Handling Recommendations for Cut Pineapple Lily AU - Carlson, Alicain S. AU - Dole, John M. T2 - HORTTECHNOLOGY AB - The effects of various postharvest treatments on cut stems of ‘Coral’ and ‘Sparkling Burgundy’ pineapple lily ( Eucomis sp.) were evaluated to determine best postharvest handling practices. The use of a commercial hydrator, holding solution, or both significantly reduced vase life for ‘Coral’; the deionized (DI) water control had the longest vase life. ‘Sparkling Burgundy’ vase life was significantly reduced to 29.9 days when both a commercial hydrator and holding solution were used as compared with 50.3 days when DI water was the hydrator used with the commercial holding solution. The use of a bulb-specific preservative reduced vase life of ‘Coral’ to 43.8 days, while the DI water control had a vase life of 66.4 days, and commercial holding solution was intermediate at 56.8 days. A 10% sucrose pulse reduced vase life to 46.9 days compared with the 0% sucrose control (58.9 days) and the 20% sucrose concentration (62.5 days), which were not significantly different. The use of floral foam and/or 2% or 4% sucrose concentrations plus isothiazolinone reduced vase life significantly to an average of 11.1 days. The vase life of stems cold stored at 2 °C for 1 week (37.7 days) was not significantly different from the unstored stems (43.0 days), while longer storage times up to 3 weeks significantly reduced vase life. The use of hydrating solution pretreatments before and holding solution treatments during 4 days of cold storage had no significant effect on vase life. ‘Sparkling Burgundy’ stems harvested with 100% of the florets open had the longest vase life of 51.2 days compared with 38.4 days when 1% of the florets were open. Vase life was unaffected by exogenous ethylene exposure up to 1 ppm for 16 hours. For best postharvest quality, ‘Coral’ and ‘Sparkling Burgundy’ pineapple lily should be harvested when at least 50% of the florets are open, held in plain water without preservatives, and stored for no more than 1 week (wet or dry) at 2 °C. DA - 2014/12// PY - 2014/12// DO - 10.21273/horttech.24.6.731 VL - 24 IS - 6 SP - 731-735 SN - 1943-7714 KW - Eucomis KW - sucrose pulses KW - preservatives KW - hydrator KW - holding solution ER - TY - JOUR TI - Paclobutrazol and ancymidol lower water use of potted ornamental plants and plugs AU - Ahmad, I. AU - Whipker, B. E. AU - Dole, J. M. AU - McCall, I. T2 - European Journal of Horticultural Science DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 79 IS - 6 SP - 318-326 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Optimal postharvest handling protocols for cut 'Line Dance' and 'Tap Dance' Eremurus inflorescences AU - Ahmad, Iftikhar AU - Dole, John M. AU - Schiappacasse, Flavia AU - Saleem, Muhammad AU - Manzano, Elizabeth T2 - SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE AB - Eremurus, commonly known as Foxtail lily, is a novel, commercially important specialty cut flower, but postharvest handling procedures need to be optimized for longest vase life. Cut inflorescences of ‘Line Dance’ and ‘Tap Dance’ eremurus were evaluated for optimal harvest stage, harvest procedures, effects of anti-ethylene agents, and storage methods and duration. Also, the effects of commercial hydrators, hydrators along with holding preservatives, or continuous use of floral foam saturated with or without commercial preservatives were investigated. Inflorescences of both cultivars harvested with 0 florets open had longer vase life than stems harvested with 3–5 rows of florets opened. Handling of ‘Line Dance’ stems in water after harvest extended the vase life, but reduced the vase life of ‘Tap Dance’ compared to inflorescences handled dry. Application of anti-ethylene agents had no significant effect on eremurus longevity. Inflorescences of both cultivars stored for 1 week had similar vase life as of unstored stems irrespective of dry or wet storage. Storage longer than 1 week greatly reduced the vase life of both cultivars. Use of either or both hydrator and holding preservatives did not result in significant differences in vase life for both cultivars, while pulsing with 10% sucrose supplemented with an antimicrobial agent, isothiazolinone at 0.007 mL L−1, for 24 h extended vase life by 2.2 or 1.9 d for ‘Line Dance’ and ‘Tap Dance’ inflorescences, respectively, compared with tap water. Inflorescences of ‘Line Dance’ kept continuously in commercial preservatives had longest vase life compared with tap water and use of floral foam reduced vase life. However, inflorescences of ‘Tap Dance’ kept continuously in floral foam saturated with tap water, or just Floralife Clear Professional Flower food had longest vase life. DA - 2014/11/24/ PY - 2014/11/24/ DO - 10.1016/j.scienta.2014.09.031 VL - 179 SP - 212-220 SN - 1879-1018 KW - Dry storage KW - Fox-tail lily KW - Harvest stage KW - Hydrators KW - Pulsing KW - Vase life ER - TY - JOUR TI - Use of VeraCode 384-plex assays for watermelon diversity analysis and integrated genetic map of watermelon with single nucleotide polymorphisms and simple sequence repeats AU - Nimmakayala, Padma AU - Abburi, Venkata Lakshmi AU - Bhandary, Abhishek AU - Abburi, Lavanya AU - Vajja, Venkata Gopinath AU - Reddy, Rishi AU - Malkaram, Sridhar AU - Venkatramana, Pegadaraju AU - Wijeratne, Asela AU - Tomason, Yan R. AU - Levi, Amnon AU - Wehner, Todd C. AU - Reddy, Umesh K. T2 - MOLECULAR BREEDING DA - 2014/8// PY - 2014/8// DO - 10.1007/s11032-014-0056-9 VL - 34 IS - 2 SP - 537-548 SN - 1572-9788 KW - SNPs KW - High throughput genotyping KW - SSRs KW - Genetic mapping KW - Watermelon KW - Cultivar diversity ER - TY - JOUR TI - Modeling a continuous flow ultraviolet Light Emitting Diode reactor using computational fluid dynamics AU - Jenny, Richard M. AU - Simmons, Otto D., III AU - Shatalov, Max AU - Ducoste, Joel J. T2 - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE AB - The use of ultraviolet (UV) light for water treatment disinfection has become increasingly popular due to its ability to inactivate chlorine-resistant microorganisms without the production of known disinfection by-products. Currently, mercury-based lamps are the most commonly used UV disinfection source; however, these lamps are toxic if broken during installation or by foreign object strike during normal operation. In addition, disposal of degraded, hazardous mercury lamps can be challenging in rural and developing countries for point-of-use (POU) drinking water disinfection applications. UV Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) offer an alternative, non-toxic UV source that will provide design flexibility due to their small size, longer operating life, and fewer auxiliary electronics than traditional mercury-based lamps. Modeling of UV reactor performance has been a significant approach to the engineering of UV reactors in drinking water treatment. Yet, no research has been performed on the experimental and modeling of a continuous flow UV-LED reactor. A research study was performed to validate a numerical computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of a continuous flow UV-LED water disinfection process. Reactor validation consisted of the following: (1) hydraulic analysis using tracer tests, (2) characterization of the average light distribution using chemical actinometry, and (3) microbial dose–response and inactivation using biodosimetry. Results showed good agreement between numerical simulations and experimental testing. Accuracy of fluid velocity profile increased as flow rate increased from 109 mL/min to 190 mL/min, whereas chemical actinometry saw better agreement at the low flow rate. Biodosimetry testing was compared only at the low flow rate and saw good agreement for log inactivation of bacteriophage Qβ and MS-2 at 92% and 80% UV transmittance (UVT). The results from this research can potentially be used for the design of alternative point-of-use drinking water disinfection reactors in developing countries using UV LEDs. DA - 2014/9/6/ PY - 2014/9/6/ DO - 10.1016/j.ces.2014.05.020 VL - 116 SP - 524-535 SN - 1873-4405 KW - Drinking water disinfection KW - UV Light Emitting Diodes KW - Numerical model KW - Chemical actinometry KW - Biodosimetry ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genetic diversity in peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] at the University of Florida: past, present and future AU - Chavez, Dario J. AU - Beckman, Thomas G. AU - Werner, Dennis J. AU - Chaparro, Jose X. T2 - TREE GENETICS & GENOMES DA - 2014/10// PY - 2014/10// DO - 10.1007/s11295-014-0769-2 VL - 10 IS - 5 SP - 1399-1417 SN - 1614-2950 KW - Population structure KW - Loci under selection KW - Stone fruit KW - Breeding KW - Genetics KW - Low chill ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fertilization of Radishes, Tomatoes, and Marigolds Using a Large-Volume Atmospheric Glow Discharge AU - Lindsay, Alex AU - Byrns, Brandon AU - King, Wesley AU - Andhvarapou, Asish AU - Fields, Jeb AU - Knappe, Detlef AU - Fonteno, William AU - Shannon, Steven T2 - PLASMA CHEMISTRY AND PLASMA PROCESSING DA - 2014/11// PY - 2014/11// DO - 10.1007/s11090-014-9573-x VL - 34 IS - 6 SP - 1271-1290 SN - 1572-8986 KW - Large-volume glow KW - Atmospheric pressure plasma KW - Fertilization KW - Reactive nitrogen and oxygen species ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sweetpotato grown from root pieces displays a significant genotype x environment interaction and yield instability AU - George, N. A. AU - Shankle, M. AU - Main, J. AU - Pecota, K. V. AU - Arellano, C. AU - Yencho, G. C. T2 - HortScience DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 49 IS - 8 SP - 984-990 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Patterns of simple sequence repeats in cultivated blueberries (Vaccinium section Cyanococcus spp.) and their use in revealing genetic diversity and population structure AU - Bian, Yang AU - Ballington, James AU - Raja, Archana AU - Brouwer, Cory AU - Reid, Robert AU - Burke, Mark AU - Wang, Xinguo AU - Rowland, Lisa J. AU - Bassil, Nahla AU - Brown, Allan T2 - MOLECULAR BREEDING DA - 2014/8// PY - 2014/8// DO - 10.1007/s11032-014-0066-7 VL - 34 IS - 2 SP - 675-689 SN - 1572-9788 KW - Blueberry KW - Vaccinium KW - Genetic diversity KW - SSR KW - STRUCTURE ER - TY - JOUR TI - Natural Variation for Responsiveness to flg22, flgII-28, and csp22 and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato in Heirloom Tomatoes AU - Veluchamy, Selvakumar AU - Hind, Sarah R. AU - Dunham, Diane M. AU - Martin, Gregory B. AU - Panthee, Dilip R. T2 - PLOS ONE AB - Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is susceptible to many diseases including bacterial speck caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. Bacterial speck disease is a serious problem worldwide in tomato production areas where moist conditions and cool temperatures occur. To enhance breeding of speck resistant fresh-market tomato cultivars we identified a race 0 field isolate, NC-C3, of P. s. pv. tomato in North Carolina and used it to screen a collection of heirloom tomato lines for speck resistance in the field. We observed statistically significant variation among the heirloom tomatoes for their response to P. s. pv. tomato NC-C3 with two lines showing resistance approaching a cultivar that expresses the Pto resistance gene, although none of the heirloom lines have Pto. Using an assay that measures microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP)-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), we investigated whether the heirloom lines showed differential responsiveness to three bacterial-derived peptide MAMPs: flg22 and flgII-28 (from flagellin) and csp22 (from cold shock protein). Significant differences were observed for MAMP responsiveness among the lines, although these differences did not correlate strongly with resistance or susceptibility to bacterial speck disease. The identification of natural variation for MAMP responsiveness opens up the possibility of using a genetic approach to identify the underlying loci and to facilitate breeding of cultivars with enhanced disease resistance. Towards this goal, we discovered that responsiveness to csp22 segregates as a single locus in an F2 population of tomato. DA - 2014/9/2/ PY - 2014/9/2/ DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0106119 VL - 9 IS - 9 SP - SN - 1932-6203 ER - TY - JOUR TI - High-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array mapping in Brassica oleracea: identification of QTL associated with carotenoid variation in broccoli florets AU - Brown, A. F. AU - Yousef, G. G. AU - Chebrolu, K. K. AU - Byrd, R. W. AU - Everhart, K. W. AU - Thomas, A. AU - Reid, R. W. AU - Parkin, I. A. P. AU - Sharpe, A. G. AU - Oliver, R. AU - Guzman, I. AU - Jackson, E. W. T2 - Theoretical and Applied Genetics DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 127 IS - 9 SP - 2051-2064 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Frank A. Blazich Death AU - Blazich, Frank, Jr. AU - Dole, John M. T2 - HORTSCIENCE DA - 2014/8// PY - 2014/8// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.49.8.1122 VL - 49 IS - 8 SP - 1122-1122 SN - 2327-9834 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cultural Strategies for Managing Weeds and Soil Moisture in Cover Crop Based No-Till Soybean Production AU - Wells, M. Scott AU - Reberg-Horton, S. Chris AU - Mirsky, Steven B. T2 - WEED SCIENCE AB - A four site-year study was conducted in North Carolina to evaluate the effects of soybean planting timing and row spacing on soil moisture, weed density, soybean lodging, and yield in a cover crop-based no-till organic soybean production system. Soybean planting timing included roll-kill/planting and roll-kill/delayed planting where soybean planting occurred either on the same day or approximately 2 wk later, respectively. Soybean row spacing included 19, 38, and 76 cm, and all treatments included a weedy check and weed-free treatment. Rye biomass production averaged above 10,000 kg ha −1 dry matter, which resulted in good weed control across all sites. Despite having good weed control throughout all treatments, weed coverage was highest in the 76-cm row-space treatment when compared to both the 19-cm and 38-cm row spacing in two of the four site-years. Soybean lodging is a potential consequence of no-till planting of soybeans in high residue mulches, and of the three row spacings, the 19-cm spacing exhibited the greatest incidence of lodging. Row spacing also influenced soybean yield; the 19- and 38-cm row spacing out yielded the 76-cm spacing by 10%. Soil volumetric water content (VWC) was higher in the cereal rye mulch treatments compared to the no rye checks. Furthermore, delaying soybean planting lowered soil water evaporation. However, the increased soil VWC in the rolled-rye treatment did not translate into increased soybean yield. The rolled-rye treatment exhibited significant (P < 0.01) increases in soil VWC when compared to the no-rye treatment at three of the four site-years. These results highlight planting date flexibility and potential risk to lodging that producers face when no-till planting organic soybeans. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1614/ws-d-13-00142.1 VL - 62 IS - 3 SP - 501-511 SN - 1550-2759 KW - Cereal rye cover crop KW - conservation-tillage KW - no-till KW - organic soybean KW - roll-kill KW - roller-crimper KW - rotational no-till KW - soil moisture ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bioaerosol concentrations and emissions from tunnel-ventilated high-rise layer houses in North Carolina AU - Hu, D. AU - Wang-Li, L. AU - Simmons, O. D. AU - Classen, J. J. AU - Osborne, J. A. AU - Byfield, G. E. T2 - Transactions of the ASABE DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 57 IS - 3 SP - 915-925 ER - TY - CONF TI - Use of shading and the PSII inhibitor Metamitron to investigate the relationship between carbohydrate balance and chemical thinner activity in apples AU - McArtney, S. J. AU - Obermiller, J. D. AB - ISHS XII International Symposium on Plant Bioregulators in Fruit Production USE OF SHADING AND THE PSII INHIBITOR METAMITRON TO INVESTIGATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CARBOHYDRATE BALANCE AND CHEMICAL THINNER ACTIVITY IN APPLES C2 - 2014/// C3 - Xii international symposium on plant bioregulators in fruit production DA - 2014/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2014.1042.2 VL - 1042 SP - 27-31 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mapping epistatic quantitative trait loci AU - Laurie, Cecelia AU - Wang, Shengchu AU - Carlini-Garcia, Luciana Aparecida AU - Zeng, Zhao-Bang T2 - BMC GENETICS AB - How to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) with epistasis efficiently and reliably has been a persistent problem for QTL mapping analysis. There are a number of difficulties for studying epistatic QTL. Linkage can impose a significant challenge for finding epistatic QTL reliably. If multiple QTL are in linkage and have interactions, searching for QTL can become a very delicate issue. A commonly used strategy that performs a two-dimensional genome scan to search for a pair of QTL with epistasis can suffer from low statistical power and also may lead to false identification due to complex linkage disequilibrium and interaction patterns. To tackle the problem of complex interaction of multiple QTL with linkage, we developed a three-stage search strategy. In the first stage, main effect QTL are searched and mapped. In the second stage, epistatic QTL that interact significantly with other identified QTL are searched. In the third stage, new epistatic QTL are searched in pairs. This strategy is based on the consideration that most genetic variance is due to the main effects of QTL. Thus by first mapping those main-effect QTL, the statistical power for the second and third stages of analysis for mapping epistatic QTL can be maximized. The search for main effect QTL is robust and does not bias the search for epistatic QTL due to a genetic property associated with the orthogonal genetic model that the additive and additive by additive variances are independent despite of linkage. The model search criterion is empirically and dynamically evaluated by using a score-statistic based resampling procedure. We demonstrate through simulations that the method has good power and low false positive in the identification of QTL and epistasis. This method provides an effective and powerful solution to map multiple QTL with complex epistatic pattern. The method has been implemented in the user-friendly computer software Windows QTL Cartographer. This will greatly facilitate the application of the method for QTL mapping data analysis. DA - 2014/11/4/ PY - 2014/11/4/ DO - 10.1186/s12863-014-0112-9 VL - 15 SP - SN - 1471-2156 KW - Quantitative trait loci KW - Epistasis KW - Model selection KW - Sequential search ER - TY - JOUR TI - High-Resolution Genetic Map for Understanding the Effect of Genome-Wide Recombination Rate on Nucleotide Diversity in Watermelon AU - Reddy, Umesh K. AU - Nimmakayala, Padma AU - Levi, Amnon AU - Abburi, Venkata Lakshmi AU - Saminathan, Thangasamy AU - Tomason, Yan. R. AU - Vajja, Gopinath AU - Reddy, Rishi AU - Abburi, Lavanya AU - Wehner, Todd C. AU - Ronin, Yefim AU - Karol, Abraham T2 - G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS AB - Abstract We used genotyping by sequencing to identify a set of 10,480 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for constructing a high-resolution genetic map of 1096 cM for watermelon. We assessed the genome-wide variation in recombination rate (GWRR) across the map and found an association between GWRR and genome-wide nucleotide diversity. Collinearity between the map and the genome-wide reference sequence for watermelon was studied to identify inconsistency and chromosome rearrangements. We assessed genome-wide nucleotide diversity, linkage disequilibrium (LD), and selective sweep for wild, semi-wild, and domesticated accessions of Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus to track signals of domestication. Principal component analysis combined with chromosome-wide phylogenetic study based on 1563 SNPs obtained after LD pruning with minor allele frequency of 0.05 resolved the differences between semi-wild and wild accessions as well as relationships among worldwide sweet watermelon. Population structure analysis revealed predominant ancestries for wild, semi-wild, and domesticated watermelons as well as admixture of various ancestries that were important for domestication. Sliding window analysis of Tajima’s D across various chromosomes was used to resolve selective sweep. LD decay was estimated for various chromosomes. We identified a strong selective sweep on chromosome 3 consisting of important genes that might have had a role in sweet watermelon domestication. DA - 2014/11/1/ PY - 2014/11/1/ DO - 10.1534/g3.114.012815 VL - 4 IS - 11 SP - 2219-2230 SN - 2160-1836 KW - high-density genetic map KW - genotyping by sequencing KW - genome-wide recombination rate KW - linkage disequilibrium KW - selective sweep KW - watermelon ER - TY - JOUR TI - pH-induced flocculation, indirect electrocoagulation, and hollow fiber filtration techniques for harvesting the saltwater microalga Dunaliella AU - Mixson, Stephanie M. AU - Stikeleather, Larry F. AU - Simmons, Otto D., III AU - Wilson, Cameron W. AU - Burkholder, JoAnn M. T2 - Journal of Applied Phycology DA - 2014/1/9/ PY - 2014/1/9/ DO - 10.1007/s10811-013-0232-z VL - 26 IS - 4 SP - 1701-1709 J2 - J Appl Phycol LA - en OP - SN - 0921-8971 1573-5176 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10811-013-0232-z DB - Crossref KW - Biofuel KW - Dunaliella KW - pH-induced flocculation KW - Electrocoagulation KW - Fatty acids (FAs) KW - Hollow fiber filtration KW - Lipids ER - TY - JOUR TI - Single nucleotide polymorphisms generated by genotyping by sequencing to characterize genome-wide diversity, linkage disequilibrium, and selective sweeps in cultivated watermelon AU - Nimmakayala, P. AU - Levi, A. AU - Abburi, L. AU - Abburi, V. L. AU - Tomason, Y. R. AU - Saminathan, T. AU - Vajja, V. G. AU - Malkaram, S. AU - Reddy, R. AU - Wehner, T. C. AU - Mitchell, S. E. AU - Reddy, U. K. T2 - BMC Genomics DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 15 ER - TY - CONF TI - Rhizometrics: A review of three in situ techniques for observation and measurement of plant root systems in containers AU - Judd, L. A. AU - Jackson, B. E. AU - Fonteno, W. C. AB - Rhizometrics is a term derived from rhizo- (rhizosphere) and -metrics (series of parameters or measures of quantitative assessment used for measuring, comparisons or tracking performance or production), to describe several methods either developed or examined by North Carolina State University to observe and quantify root growth of plants in containers. Three new techniques have been developed and/or investigated as potential new methods of quantifying root growth; 1) Mini-Horhizotron; 2) Rhizometer; and 3) Hydraulic Conductance Flow Meter (HCFM). First, the mini-Horhizotrons have a clear, three-arm configuration suitable for observing root growth of small container plant material. The clear arms allow for visible access and measurements of plant roots. Potential measurements include root length, quantity of root hairs, and root architecture. Second, the Rhizometer is made from a clear cylinder that is 7.6 cm tall x 7.6 cm inside diameter, which allows for visible observations of root systems and they can be fitted in the North Carolina State University Porometer for in situ measurements of the influence of root growth on physical properties in containers during crop production. Thirdly, the HCFM is an apparatus that measures root and shoot conductance based on pressure and water flow through the roots, in the opposite direction of normal transpiration under quasi-steady-state conditions. Conductance values are directly indicative (and correlated) with root mass. These Rhizometric techniques are novel methods of observing and quantifying root growth and potentially identifying ways of improving root growth productivity and efficiency to maximize crop growth. These techniques have also been used to quantify root growth differences between/among various substrates. A summary of the initial experiments testing the usefulness of these three techniques for quantifying undisturbed root growth have yielded promising results. C2 - 2014/// C3 - International symposium on growing media and soilless cultivation DA - 2014/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2014.1034.48 VL - 1034 SP - 389-397 ER - TY - CONF TI - Plant available and unavailable water in greenhouse substrates: Assessment and considerations AU - Fields, J. S. AU - Fonteno, W. C. AU - Jackson, B. E. C2 - 2014/// C3 - International symposium on growing media and soilless cultivation DA - 2014/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2014.1034.42 VL - 1034 SP - 341-346 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Optimizing Fertilizer Rates for Two Cultivars of Graziosa Geraniums AU - Barnes, J. AU - Whipker, B. E. AU - McCall, I. T2 - INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON GROWING MEDIA AND SOILLESS CULTIVATION DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2014.1034.58 VL - 1034 SP - 471-476 SN - 0567-7572 KW - fertilizer KW - leaching KW - macronutrients KW - nitrogen KW - (Pelargonium x domesticum) x crispum KW - phosphorus KW - potassium ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fertilizer Formulation Effect on pH of Fallow Versus Planted Container Substrate AU - Barnes, J. AU - Nelson, P. AU - Whipker, B. E. AU - Hesterberg, D. AU - Shi, W. T2 - INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON GROWING MEDIA AND SOILLESS CULTIVATION AB - From previous work testing the impact of 30 fertilizers on substrate pH, five fertilizer formulations that elicited the widest range of substrate pH biotic impacts during Salvia farinacea ‘Evolution White’ cultivation were chosen for a follow up study to determine the abiotic impact of these fertilizers on fallow substrate. A 3 sphagnum peat moss : 1 perlite substrate was formulated and adjusted to pH 5.6. Three sets of pots (14 cm diameter) were filled with substrate. Salvia plugs were installed in the first set for cultivation while the second set was left fallow followed by fertilization of both sets with 400 mL of fertilizer solution with each irrigation (each at 7 mmol nitrogen concentration and pH 4.2 ± 0.1) to bring them to approximately container capacity. The third set of pots (control) was left fallow and irrigated with 400 mL deionized water instead of fertilizer solution. When cultivated substrates dried to approximately 50% of container capacity, 200 mL of fertilizer solution was applied to sets one and two and 200 mL deionized water to set three for a total of 11 applications. Substrates were harvested after 3 and 6 weeks. The pH of control substrate was 5.69 for both harvests. For the first and second harvest, cultivated substrate pH ranged from 6.08 to 5.03 and 6.22 to 4.85, respectively, while pH values of fallow substrate that received fertilizer solutions ranged from 5.66 to 5.19 and 5.44 to 4.97, respectively. Contrary to the expected abiotic effect of these acidic fertilizer solutions, pH in the fertilized fallow pots increased or decreased in a similar but diminished fashion to the changes that occurred to the pH in the cultivated pots. These results suggested a biotic effect in the fallow substrates due possibly to microflora and nitrification and indicate the need to take into account a biotic effect of microbes when assessing the abiotic effect of fertilizer solutions on substrate pH. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2014.1034.57 VL - 1034 SP - 465-469 SN - 0567-7572 KW - fertigation KW - pot culture KW - sphagnum peat moss KW - potential acidity KW - potential basicity ER - TY - CONF TI - Defining rain garden filter bed substrates based on saturated hydraulic conductivity AU - Kraus, H. AU - Pledger, R. AU - Riley, E. AU - Fonteno, W. C. AU - Jackson, B. E. AU - Bilderback, T. AU - Arboretum, J. C. R. C2 - 2014/// C3 - International symposium on growing media and soilless cultivation DA - 2014/// VL - 1034 SP - 57-64 ER - TY - CONF TI - Characterization of nutrient disorders of Solenostemon scutellarioides 'Lime Light' in silica-sand culture AU - Jin, Y. AU - Fair, B. A. AU - Whipker, B. E. AU - McCall, I. AU - Frantz, J. AB - Solenostemon scutellarioides ‘Lime Light’ were grown in silica-sand culture to induce and catalog nutritional disorder symptoms. Plants were grown with a complete, modified Hoagland’s solution (macronutrients in mM, micronutrients in µM): 15.0 NO3-N, 1.0 PO4-P, 6.0 K, 5.0 Ca, 2.0 Mg, 2.0 SO4-S, 72.0 Fe, 18.0 Mn, 3.0 Cu, 3.0 Zn, 45.0 B, and 0.1 Mo. The control plants were grown using a nutrient formula containing all essential nutrients. Each nutrient deficiency treatment was induced by using the complete formula minus only one essential nutrient. Reagent grade chemicals and deionized water of 18-mega ohms purity were used to formulate treatment solutions. Toxicity of boron was also induced by increasing the element 10X higher than the complete formula. Plants were automatically irrigated every 2 hours, drained from the pot bottom and solution captured for reuse. The nutrient solutions were replaced weekly. Researchers monitored plants daily to document and catalog sequential onset of symptoms. Symptoms of N, P, Ca, Fe deficiency and B toxicity were the first disorders to exhibit in Solenostemon scutellarioides ‘Limelight’. The chartreuse coloration of this cultivar compounded difficulties in assessing symptomology of some nutrient disorders, particularly those that manifested with yellowing discoloration or chlorosis. C2 - 2014/// C3 - International symposium on growing media and soilless cultivation DA - 2014/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2014.1034.77 VL - 1034 SP - 607-613 ER - TY - CONF TI - Characterization of nutrient disorders of Gazania rigens 'Daybreak White' AU - Barnes, J. AU - Whipker, B. E. AU - McCall, I. AU - Frantz, J. AB - Gazania rigens ‘Daybreak White’ plants were grown in silica sand culture to induce and photograph symptoms of nutritional disorders. Plants were grown with a complete modified Hoagland’s all nitrate solution: (macronutrients in mM) 15 NO3-N, 1.0 PO4-P, 6.0 K, 5.0 Ca, 2.0 Mg, and 2.0 SO4-S, plus µM concentrations of micronutrients, 72 Fe, 18 Mn, 3 Cu, 3 Zn, 45 B, and 0.1 Mo. The treatments causing nutrient deficient symptoms were induced with a complete nutrient formula minus one of the nutrients. Boron toxicity was also induced by increasing the element 10× higher than the complete nutrient formula. Reagent grade chemicals and deionized water of 18-mega ohms purity were used to formulate treatment solutions. The plants were automatically irrigated. The solution drained from the bottom of the pot and was captured for reuse. A complete replacement of nutrient solutions was done weekly. Plants were monitored daily to document and photograph sequential series of symptoms as they developed. Typical symptomology of nutrient disorders and critical tissue concentrations are presented. Out of the thirteen treatments, eleven exhibited symptoms. Deficiency symptoms of N, S, and Ca were first to manifest. Should nutritional disorders arise growers should first consider these three problems when trying to determine the possible cause. C2 - 2014/// C3 - International symposium on growing media and soilless cultivation DA - 2014/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2014.1034.56 VL - 1034 SP - 459-464 ER - TY - CONF TI - Automated system for inducing nutrient disorders utilized in grower-based guides: Exacum affine 'Royal Dane Blue' AU - Whipker, B. E. AU - McCall, I. AU - Barnes, J. AU - Frantz, J. C2 - 2014/// C3 - International symposium on growing media and soilless cultivation DA - 2014/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2014.1034.76 VL - 1034 SP - 599-605 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Vase water effects on postharvest longevity and water relations of Gladiolus grandiflorus 'White Prosperity' AU - Saleem, M. AU - Khan, M. A. AU - Ahmad, I. AU - Ahmad, R. T2 - Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 51 IS - 1 SP - 137-141 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Postharvest performance of cut carnation, chrysanthemum and rose as influenced by conventional and organic floral preservatives AU - Ahmad, Iftikhar AU - Dole, John M. AU - Viloria, Zenaida AU - Blazich, Frank A. T2 - BIOLOGICAL AGRICULTURE & HORTICULTURE AB - AbstractSelected commercial preservatives were tested to determine the optimum conventional and organic hydrator and holding solutions for vase life extension and suppression of microbial populations in vase solutions of cut carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) Select Red, chrysanthemum [Dendranthemum grandiflora (Ramat.) Kitam.] Anastasia, and rose (Rosa × hybrida L.) Freedom. Hydrators extended vase life of carnation but had no effect on chrysanthemum or rose. Chrysal Professional 2 (conventional holding solution), after hydration with deionized (DI) water, extended vase life of cut carnation to 36.0 days compared with DI water or Vita One Step (organic preservative solution), resulting in vase lives of 21.0 or 20.9 days, respectively. For chrysanthemum, all preservative solutions had statistically similar vase life. Holding solutions increased vase life of cut roses and carnation, but were ineffective for chrysanthemum. The greatest vase life extension occurred with Floralife Premium Rose Food (conventional holding solution), 7.9 and 7.3 days longer, than with DI water in cut Freedom roses after treatment with Floralife Hydraflor 100 (conventional hydrator solution) and DI water, respectively. However, Vita One Step (organic hydrator and holding solution) reduced vase life by 2.4 days and had higher bent neck incidence (93%) than DI water. Floralife Premium Rose Food and Chrysal Rose Vase (conventional holding solution) effectively controlled bent neck. DI water with organic Vita products had higher bacterial populations than conventional products for all species tested. Among the preservatives investigated, conventional products increased vase life more than organic products, indicating the need for organic preservatives with effective antimicrobial activity.Keywords:: cut flowersDendranthemum grandifloraDianthus caryophyllusholding solutionshydratorRosa × hybridavase life AcknowledgementsThe authors are grateful to Sunburst Flower Farms, Colombia, South America for stems of carnation and chrysanthemum and Dole Fresh Flowers, Miami, FL, USA, for providing stems of roses and Erin M.R. Clark for technical support. Critical reviews of this manuscript by Julia L. Kornegay, John D. Williamson, and Bryon R. Sosinski are gratefully acknowledged.Additional informationFundingFundingThe authors are grateful to the Endowment Fund Secretariat, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan for the financial support of the senior author and North Carolina Agricultural Research Service (NCARS), Raleigh, NC 27695-7643, USA, for partial funding of this study. Use of trade names in this publication does not imply endorsement by the NCARS of products named nor criticism of similar ones not mentioned. DA - 2014/4/3/ PY - 2014/4/3/ DO - 10.1080/01448765.2013.878880 VL - 30 IS - 2 SP - 109-118 SN - 2165-0616 KW - holding solutions KW - Dendranthemum grandiflora KW - cut flowers KW - Dianthus caryophyllus KW - vase life KW - hydrator KW - Rosaxhybrida ER - TY - JOUR TI - Planting time, cultivar and preservative effects on the growth, yield, postharvest longevity and water relations of Gladiolus AU - Ahmad, I. AU - Yasin, M. A. AU - Khan, A. S. T2 - Philippine Agricultural Scientist DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 97 IS - 1 SP - 28-35 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Overexpression of S-adenosyl-L-methionine synthetase increased tomato tolerance to alkali stress through polyamine metabolism AU - Gong, B. AU - Li, X. AU - VandenLangenberg, K. M. AU - Wen, D. AU - Sun, S. S. AU - Wei, M. AU - Li, Y. AU - Yang, F. J. AU - Shi, Q. H. AU - Wang, X. F. T2 - Plant Biotechnology Journal DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 12 IS - 6 SP - 694-708 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Optimal postharvest handling protocols for Celosia argentea var. cristata L. 'Fire Chief' and Antirrhinum majus L. 'Chantilly Yellow' AU - Ahmad, Iftikhar AU - Dole, John M. T2 - SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE AB - Celosia (Celosia argentea var. cristata L.) and snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.) are commercially important specialty cut flowers, but postharvest handling protocols for extending vase life need to be optimized. Stems of ‘Fire Chief’ celosia harvested when the flower heads were <2 cm in diameter had 14.0 days longer vase life than stems harvested with flower heads >5 cm at harvest, while ‘Chantilly Yellow’ snapdragon stems harvested when the lowermost florets started expanding had 3.4 days more vase life than stems harvested with three to five florets opened at harvest. However, visual quality of later-harvested stems of both species was higher than early harvested stems due to showier, larger flower celosia heads and a greater number of total florets of snapdragon spikes opened during the vase period. Harvest procedures, exogenous ethylene, anti-ethylene agents, and commercial hydrators had no effect on longevity of both species except silver thiosulfate, an anti-ethylene agent, increased vase life of snapdragon 3.2 or 3.7 days more than deionized (DI) water or 1-methylcyclopropene, respectively. Stems of celosia did not tolerate storage at 3 ± 1 °C, irrespective of the storage method, and if necessary, should only be stored for ≤1 week in water. On the other hand, snapdragon stems could be dry-stored for 2 weeks with no decrease in vase life and had a longer vase life than stems stored in water. Pulsing with 5 or 10% sucrose supplemented with the antimicrobial agent, isothiazolinone at 0.007 mL L−1, for 24 h, and use of hydrator for 4 hours and/or holding preservatives for 44 h reduced vase life of celosia stems compared to DI water. Whereas, use of both hydrator for 4 h and holding preservatives for 44 h did not result in significant differences in vase life, but pulsing with 5 or 10% sucrose supplemented with the antimicrobial agent, isothiazolinone at 0.007 mL L−1, for 24 h doubled vase life of snapdragon stems and increased flower bud opening and fresh weight of stems during the vase period. Celosia stems kept continuously in Floralife Clear Professional Flower Food with or without floral foam had longer vase life compared with Chrysal Clear Universal Flower Food or foam saturated with DI water, while snapdragon stems kept continuously in commercial preservatives had 2-fold longer vase life compared with DI water. Floral foam reduced vase life of snapdragon when saturated with preservatives, or had no effect when saturated with DI water. Vase life and quality of both ‘Fire Chief’ celosia and ‘Chantilly Yellow’ snapdragon stems can be extended by following appropriate postharvest handling procedures. DA - 2014/6/9/ PY - 2014/6/9/ DO - 10.1016/j.scienta.2014.04.026 VL - 172 SP - 308-316 SN - 1879-1018 KW - Anti-ethylene agents KW - Celosia KW - Dry storage KW - Floral foam KW - Harvest stage KW - Holding solutions KW - Hydrators KW - Pulsing KW - Snapdragon KW - Vase life ER - TY - CONF TI - New and emerging diseases of blueberry AU - Cline, W. O. C2 - 2014/// C3 - X international symposium on vaccinium and other superfruits DA - 2014/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2014.1017.2 VL - 1017 SP - 45-49 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genomics of cold hardiness in woody plants AU - Wisniewski, M. AU - Nassuth, A. AU - Teulieres, C. AU - Marque, C. AU - Rowland, J. AU - Cao, P. B. AU - Brown, A. T2 - Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 33 IS - 2-3 SP - 92-124 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluation of GA(4+7) plus 6-benzyladenine as a frost-rescue treatment for apple AU - McArtney, S. AU - Greene, D. AU - Robinson, T. AU - Wargo, J. T2 - HortTechnology DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 24 IS - 2 SP - 171-176 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Elkton: A New Potato Variety with Resistance to Internal Heat Necrosis and Hollow Heart and Suitable for Chipping Directly from the Field in the Southern United States AU - Haynes, K. G. AU - Gergela, D. M. AU - Qu, X. S. AU - Peck, M. W. AU - Yencho, G. C. AU - Clough, M. E. AU - Henninger, M. R. AU - Halseth, D. E. AU - Porter, G. A. AU - Ocaya, P. C. AU - Zotarelli, L. AU - Menasha, S. R. AU - Christ, B. J. AU - Wanner, L. AU - Hutchinson, C. M. T2 - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH DA - 2014/6// PY - 2014/6// DO - 10.1007/s12230-013-9347-7 VL - 91 IS - 3 SP - 269-276 SN - 1874-9380 KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - Variety KW - Potato breeding KW - Chip processing KW - Internal heat necrosis ER - TY - JOUR TI - Biomass yield, nitrogen response, and nutrient uptake of perennial bioenergy grasses in North Carolina AU - Palmer, Irene E. AU - Gehl, Ronald J. AU - Ranney, Thomas G. AU - Touchell, Darren AU - George, Nic T2 - BIOMASS & BIOENERGY AB - Although perennial grasses show considerable potential as candidates for lignocellulosic bioenergy production, these crops exhibit considerable variation in regional adaptability and yield. Giant miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus Greef & Deuter), Miscanthus sinensis Anderss. ‘Gracillimus’ and MH2006, plume grass (Saccharum arundinaceum Retz.), ravenna grass (Saccharum ravennae (L.) L.), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L. ‘Alamo’), and giant reed (Arundo donax L.) field plots were established in 2008, treated with four nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates (0, 34, 67, 134 kg ha−1 y−1), and harvested annually in winter from 2008 to 2011. Giant reed, ‘Gracillimus’, switchgrass, MH2006, giant miscanthus and ravenna grass at the Mountain site produced mean dry matter yields of 22.8, 21.3, 20.9, 19.3, 18.4, and 10.0 Mg ha−1 y−1, respectively (averaged over the last two years). Dry matter yields at the Coastal site for giant reed, giant miscanthus, switchgrass, ravenna grass, and ‘Gracillimus’ were 27.4, 20.8, 20.1, 14.3, and 9.4 Mg ha−1 y−1, respectively (averaged over the last two years). Increasing N rates up to 134 kg N ha−1 did not have a consistent significant effect on biomass production. High yields coupled with high mortality for plume grass at both sites indicates its potential as a bioenergy crop and need for continued improvement. Overall, the perennial grasses in this study had low nutrient removal, although giant reed and plume grass often removed significantly more N, P, K and S compared with Miscanthus spp. and switchgrass. Our results indicate that giant reed, giant miscanthus, and switchgrass are productive bioenergy crops across geographic regions of North Carolina. DA - 2014/4// PY - 2014/4// DO - 10.1016/j.biombioe.2014.02.016 VL - 63 SP - 218-228 SN - 1873-2909 KW - Bioenergy KW - Giant reed (Arundo donax L.) KW - Miscanthus (miscanthus spp. Anderss.) KW - Erianthus ravennae KW - Saccharum arundinaceum KW - Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) KW - Nutrient removal ER - TY - JOUR TI - A maize root tip system to study DNA replication programmes in somatic and endocycling nuclei during plant development AU - Bass, Hank W. AU - Wear, Emily E. AU - Lee, Tae-Jin AU - Hoffman, Gregg G. AU - Gumber, Hardeep K. AU - Allen, George C. AU - Thompson, William F. AU - Hanley-Bowdoin, Linda T2 - JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY AB - The progress of nuclear DNA replication is complex in both time and space, and may reflect several levels of chromatin structure and 3-dimensional organization within the nucleus. To understand the relationship between DNA replication and developmental programmes, it is important to examine replication and nuclear substructure in different developmental contexts including natural cell-cycle progressions in situ. Plant meristems offer an ideal opportunity to analyse such processes in the context of normal growth of an organism. Our current understanding of large-scale chromosomal DNA replication has been limited by the lack of appropriate tools to visualize DNA replication with high resolution at defined points within S phase. In this perspective, we discuss a promising new system that can be used to visualize DNA replication in isolated maize (Zea mays L.) root tip nuclei after in planta pulse labelling with the thymidine analogue, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU). Mixed populations of EdU-labelled nuclei are then separated by flow cytometry into sequential stages of S phase and examined directly using 3-dimensional deconvolution microscopy to characterize spatial patterns of plant DNA replication. Combining spatiotemporal analyses with studies of replication and epigenetic inheritance at the molecular level enables an integrated experimental approach to problems of mitotic inheritance and cellular differentiation. DA - 2014/6// PY - 2014/6// DO - 10.1093/jxb/ert470 VL - 65 IS - 10 SP - 2747-2756 SN - 1460-2431 KW - DNA replication KW - EdU KW - endocycle KW - flow cytometry KW - high-resolution microscopy KW - maize KW - mitotic cell cycle KW - root development KW - S phase ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impact of interspecific introgression on anthocyanin profiles of Southern Highbush blueberry AU - Yousef, G. G. AU - Lila, M. A. AU - Guzman, I. AU - Ballington, J. R. AU - Brown, A. F. T2 - Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 139 IS - 2 SP - 99-112 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of various sterilization procedures on the in vitro germination of cotton seeds AU - Barampuram, Shyam AU - Allen, George AU - Krasnyanski, Sergei T2 - PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE DA - 2014/7// PY - 2014/7// DO - 10.1007/s11240-014-0472-x VL - 118 IS - 1 SP - 179-185 SN - 1573-5044 KW - Sterilization KW - Chlorine gas KW - Commercial bleach KW - Hydrogen peroxide KW - In vitro KW - Seed germination ER - TY - JOUR TI - Determining Optimal Production Temperature, Transplant Stage, and Postharvest Protocols for Cut 'Esprit' Penstemon AU - Carlson, Alicain S. AU - Dole, John M. T2 - HORTTECHNOLOGY AB - The effects of production temperature and transplant stage on stem length and caliper of cut stems and postharvest treatments on vase life of ‘Esprit’ penstemon ( Penstemon grandiflorus ) were examined. Plugs transplanted with eight to nine sets of true leaves had a longer stem length (64.3 cm) at harvest than those transplanted with two to three sets (57.7 cm) or five to six sets (60.8 cm). Time to flowering from transplant shortened as production temperature increased and when transplants had a greater number of true leaves. The addition of 2% or 4% sucrose with 7 ppm isothiazolinone as a vase solution resulted in the longest vase life (9.4 days) of all treatments compared with the control (4.5 days). A holding solution increased vase life to 7.0 days for Floralife holding solution and 5.9 days for Chrysal holding solution from the 4.3 days control, although hydrating solutions and preservative brand had no effect. The use of floral foam or antiethylene agents, ethylene exposure, or sucrose pulses also had no effect on vase life. Extended cold storage lengths either wet or dry for 2 or 3 weeks caused vase life to decrease to 2.0 days when compared with 5.6 days for the unstored control and 7.6 days for 1 week storage. ‘Esprit’ penstemon may be suitable for greenhouse production and has acceptable potential as a locally grown specialty cut flower. DA - 2014/2// PY - 2014/2// DO - 10.21273/horttech.24.1.71 VL - 24 IS - 1 SP - 71-75 SN - 1943-7714 KW - beardtongue KW - cold storage KW - ethylene KW - Penstemon grandiflorus KW - preservative ER - TY - JOUR TI - Tolerance of Watermelon Seedlings to Low-temperature Chilling Injury AU - Kozik, Elzbieta U. AU - Wehner, Todd C. T2 - HORTSCIENCE AB - Watermelon [ Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai] is one of the Cucurbitaceae species and subtropical crops that exhibit chilling injury (CI) when exposed to low temperatures. Watermelon seedlings were tested for chilling tolerance using methods modified from cucumber. Three experiments were conducted using different combinations of chilling durations of 6, 12, 24, or 36 hours and chilling temperatures of 2 or 4 °C. Watermelon seedlings were more resistant to low temperatures than cucumber seedlings, so it was necessary to use long chilling durations to induce significant foliar damage. A diverse set of 16 watermelon cultigens was tested: Allsweet, Black Diamond, Chubby Gray, Charlee, Charleston Gray, Dixielee, Golden, Golden Honey, New Winter, NH Midget, Sugar Baby, Sugarlee, Sunshade, PI 189225, PI 244018, and PI 595203. Experiments were conducted in a controlled environment with a light intensity of 500 mmol·m −2 ·s −1 photosynthetic photon flux density ( PPFD ). Optimal conditions for chilling treatment were 36 hours at 4 °C or 24 hours at 2 °C. The most resistant cultigen was PI 244018, and the most susceptible cultigens were NH Midget and Golden. DA - 2014/3// PY - 2014/3// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.49.3.240 VL - 49 IS - 3 SP - 240-243 SN - 2327-9834 KW - chilling KW - Citrullus lanatus KW - cold resistance KW - plant breeding KW - stress resistance KW - vegetable crops KW - watermelon ER - TY - JOUR TI - Systems Biology of Lignin Biosynthesis in Populus trichocarpa: Heteromeric 4-Coumaric Acid: Coenzyme A Ligase Protein Complex Formation, Regulation, and Numerical Modeling AU - Chen, Hsi-Chuan AU - Song, Jina AU - Wang, Jack P. AU - Lin, Ying-Chung AU - Ducoste, Joel AU - Shuford, Christopher M. AU - Liu, Jie AU - Li, Quanzi AU - Shi, Rui AU - Nepomuceno, Angelito AU - Isik, Fikret AU - Muddiman, David C. AU - Williams, Cranos AU - Sederoff, Ronald R. AU - Chiang, Vincent L. T2 - PLANT CELL AB - As a step toward predictive modeling of flux through the pathway of monolignol biosynthesis in stem differentiating xylem of Populus trichocarpa, we discovered that the two 4-coumaric acid:CoA ligase (4CL) isoforms, 4CL3 and 4CL5, interact in vivo and in vitro to form a heterotetrameric protein complex. This conclusion is based on laser microdissection, coimmunoprecipitation, chemical cross-linking, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and mass spectrometry. The tetramer is composed of three subunits of 4CL3 and one of 4CL5. 4CL5 appears to have a regulatory role. This protein–protein interaction affects the direction and rate of metabolic flux for monolignol biosynthesis in P. trichocarpa. A mathematical model was developed for the behavior of 4CL3 and 4CL5 individually and in mixtures that form the enzyme complex. The model incorporates effects of mixtures of multiple hydroxycinnamic acid substrates, competitive inhibition, uncompetitive inhibition, and self-inhibition, along with characteristic of the substrates, the enzyme isoforms, and the tetrameric complex. Kinetic analysis of different ratios of the enzyme isoforms shows both inhibition and activation components, which are explained by the mathematical model and provide insight into the regulation of metabolic flux for monolignol biosynthesis by protein complex formation. DA - 2014/3// PY - 2014/3// DO - 10.1105/tpc.113.119685 VL - 26 IS - 3 SP - 876-893 SN - 1532-298X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Statistical model for describing macronutrient impacts on container substrate pH over time AU - Barnes, J. AU - Nelson, P. AU - Whipker, B. E. AU - Dickey, D. A. AU - Hesterberg, D. AU - Shi, W. T2 - HortScience DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 49 IS - 2 SP - 207-214 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Roller-Crimper Termination for Legume Cover Crops in North Carolina: Impacts on Nutrient Availability to a Succeeding Corn Crop AU - Parr, Mary AU - Grossman, Julie M. AU - Reberg-Horton, S. Chris AU - Brinton, Carrie AU - Crozier, Carl T2 - COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS AB - Nitrogen (N) release from roll-killed legume cover crops was determined for hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), and a hairy vetch + rye (Secale cereale L.) biculture in an organic corn production system in North Carolina, USA. Cover crops were planted at two locations in fall 2008 and 2009, roll-killed in May, and no-till planted with corn (Zea mays L.). Inorganic soil N and mineral N flux were determined using potassium chloride (KCl) extractions and ion-exchange resin (Plant Root Simulator, PRS) probes at 2-week intervals for 12 weeks and compared to fertilized controls of 0 and 168 kg N ha−1. In 2009, greater plant available N under hairy vetch than under either 0 N control or crimson clover was found, with peak soil N occurring between 4 and 6 weeks after roll kill. Available soil N under crimson clover mulches was less than or equal to 0 N, suggesting net immobilization. DA - 2014/4/28/ PY - 2014/4/28/ DO - 10.1080/00103624.2013.867061 VL - 45 IS - 8 SP - 1106-1119 SN - 1532-2416 KW - Vicia villosa KW - nutrient cycling KW - N synchrony KW - N mineralization KW - Trifolium incarnatum KW - Legume cover crops KW - organic cropping systems ER - TY - JOUR TI - In Vivo Mapping of Arabidopsis Scaffold/Matrix Attachment Regions Reveals Link to Nucleosome-Disfavoring Poly(dA:dT) Tracts AU - Pascuzzi, Pete E. AU - Flores-Vergara, Miguel A. AU - Lee, Tae-Jin AU - Sosinski, Bryon AU - Vaughn, Matthew W. AU - Hanley-Bowdoin, Linda AU - Thompson, William F. AU - Allen, George C. T2 - PLANT CELL AB - Scaffold or matrix attachment regions (S/MARs) are found in all eukaryotes. The pattern of distribution and genomic context of S/MARs is thought to be important for processes such as chromatin organization and modulation of gene expression. Despite the importance of such processes, much is unknown about the large-scale distribution and sequence content of S/MARs in vivo. Here, we report the use of tiling microarrays to map 1358 S/MARs on Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 4 (chr4). S/MARs occur throughout chr4, spaced much more closely than in the large plant and animal genomes that have been studied to date. Arabidopsis S/MARs can be divided into five clusters based on their association with other genomic features, suggesting a diversity of functions. While some Arabidopsis S/MARs may define structural domains, most occur near the transcription start sites of genes. Genes associated with these S/MARs have an increased probability of expression, which is particularly pronounced in the case of transcription factor genes. Analysis of sequence motifs and 6-mer enrichment patterns show that S/MARs are preferentially enriched in poly(dA:dT) tracts, sequences that resist nucleosome formation, and the majority of S/MARs contain at least one nucleosome-depleted region. This global view of S/MARs provides a framework to begin evaluating genome-scale models for S/MAR function. DA - 2014/1// PY - 2014/1// DO - 10.1105/tpc.113.121194 VL - 26 IS - 1 SP - 102-120 SN - 1532-298X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Identification, nomenclature, genome sizes and ploidy levels of Liriope and Ophiopogon Taxa AU - Lattier, J.D. AU - Ranney, T.G. AU - Fantz, P.R. AU - Avent, T. T2 - HortScience AB - Liriope Lour. and Ophiopogon Ker Gawl., collectively known as liriopogons, represent important evergreen groundcovers grown throughout the world for their ornamental features and medicinal qualities. As a result of the diversity of desirable traits and evidence of wide hybridization, there is considerable potential for breeding and improvement of liriopogons. However, confusion over taxonomy and proper identification and lack of information on ploidy levels and cytogenetics of individual clones and cultivars have constrained breeding efforts. Objectives of this study were to validate the identification and nomenclature and determine genome sizes and ploidy levels for an extensive reference collection of species and cultivars of liriopogons. Identification was accomplished using existing keys, nomenclature was corrected, and numerous accessions were reassigned based on morphology. Genome sizes were determined by flow cytometry. Ploidy levels for each species were confirmed by traditional cytology. Results confirmed a basic chromosome number of x = 18 for liriopogons with aneuploidy, polyploidy, and cytochimeras found in some cases. The Liriope examined included diploids ( L. graminifolia , L. longipedicellata , L. minor , and some of the L. platyphylla ), tetraploids ( L. muscari and the remaining L. platyphylla ), and hexaploids ( L. exiliflora and L. spicata ). The Ophiopogon studied included diploids ( O. intermedius , O. jaburan , O. planiscapus , and O. umbraticola ) and a tetraploid/hypotetraploid species ( O. japonicus ). Monoploid (1Cx) genome sizes varied by genus and species with 1Cx values ranging from 4.27 pg in L. exiliflora to 8.15 pg in O. jaburan . These results clarify nomenclature and taxonomy and provide specific information on genome sizes and ploidy levels of cultivated liriopogons. This information and associated reference collection will aid future taxonomic revisions and enhance efforts to develop new cultivars of liriopogons. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.49.2.145 VL - 49 IS - 2 SP - 145-151 SN - 2327-9834 KW - cytogenetics KW - DNA content KW - liriopogons KW - plant breeding KW - polyploidy KW - taxonomy ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hydration efficiency of traditional and alternative greenhouse substrate components AU - Fields, J. S. AU - Fonteno, W. C. AU - Jackson, B. E. T2 - HortScience DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 49 IS - 3 SP - 336-342 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of Daily Harvest Time on Postharvest Longevity, Water Relations, and Carbohydrate Status of Selected Specialty Cut Flowers AU - Ahmad, Iftikhar AU - Dole, John M. AU - Blazich, Frank A. T2 - HORTSCIENCE AB - Effects of harvest time (morning, noon, or afternoon) on water uptake, fresh weight changes, termination symptoms, leaf relative water content (LRWC), carbohydrate status, and vase life of cut ‘ABC Purple’ lisianthus ( Eustoma grandiflorum Salisb.), ‘Double Eagle’ African Gold Coin Series marigold ( Tagetes erecta L.), and ‘Deep Red’ Benary’s Giant Series zinnia ( Zinnia elegans Jacq.) were studied. For stems of lisianthus harvested and then stored in the dark with the basal ends in water for 2 weeks at 3 ± 1 °C, those harvested at noon (1200 hr to 1300 hr ) or in the afternoon (1700 hr to 1800 hr ) had longer vase life compared with stems harvested in the morning (0700 hr to 0800 hr ). However, stems of lisianthus evaluated without storage had no differences in vase life. Stems of marigold harvested in the afternoon had longer vase life than morning- or noon-harvested stems. Time of harvest had no effect on cut flower longevity of zinnia. However, vase life was considerably shorter for stems of all species when tested after 2 weeks storage compared with freshly harvested stems. Stems of zinnia harvested at noon had lower LRWC than morning- or afternoon-harvested stems. Marigold stems harvested in the afternoon and evaluated without storage had lowest LRWC on Day 7 of vase life. Harvest time or storage did not influence LRWC of lisianthus. Stems of marigold and lisianthus harvested at noon or in the afternoon had higher levels of carbohydrates compared with morning-harvested stems, whereas freshly harvested stems had higher concentrations of glucose and sucrose, which decreased during storage or the vase period. Sucrose concentrations varied more significantly among various tissues than other sugars presumably as a result of translocation during vase life. In summary, carbohydrate status of stems harvested at different times of the day varied greatly and affected postharvest longevity of cut marigold and lisianthus, but not zinnia. DA - 2014/3// PY - 2014/3// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.49.3.297 VL - 49 IS - 3 SP - 297-305 SN - 2327-9834 KW - cut flowers KW - Eustoma grandiflorum KW - fructose KW - glucose KW - sucrose KW - Tagetes erecta KW - Zinnia elegans ER - TY - JOUR TI - Campsis xtagliabuana 'Chastity': A Highly Infertile Triploid Trumpet Vine AU - Oates, Kelly M. AU - Ranney, Thomas G. AU - Touchell, Darren H. AU - Viloria, Zenaida T2 - HORTSCIENCE DA - 2014/3// PY - 2014/3// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.49.3.343 VL - 49 IS - 3 SP - 343-345 SN - 2327-9834 KW - Bignoniaceae KW - fecundity KW - fertility KW - invasive KW - polyploidy KW - seedless KW - trumpetcreeper ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Carboxy-terminus of BAK1 regulates kinase activity and is required for normal growth of Arabidopsis (Retracted article. See vol. 7, 960, 2016) AU - Oh, Man-Ho AU - Wang, Xuejun AU - Kim, Sang Yeol AU - Wu, Xia AU - Clouse, Steven D. AU - Huber, Steven C. T2 - FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE AB - Binding of brassinolide to the BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSTIVE 1 (BRI1) receptor kinase promotes interaction with its co-receptor, BRI1-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE 1 (BAK1). Juxtaposition of the kinase domains that occurs then allows reciprocal transphosphorylation and activation of both kinases, but details of that process are not entirely clear. In the present study we show that the carboxy (C) - terminal polypeptide of BAK1 may play a role. First, we demonstrate that the C-terminal domain is a strong inhibitor of the transphosphorylation activity of the recombinant BAK1 cytoplasmic domain protein. However, recombinant BAK1 lacking the C-terminal domain is unable to transactivate the peptide kinase activity of BRI1 in vitro. Thus, the C-terminal domain may play both a positive and negative role. Interestingly, a synthetic peptide corresponding to the full C-terminal domain (residues 576 to 615 of BAK1) interacted with recombinant BRI1 in vitro, and that interaction was enhanced by phosphorylation at the Tyr-610 site. Expression of a BAK1 C-terminal domain truncation (designated BAK1-ΔCT-Flag) in transgenic Arabidopsis plants lacking endogenous bak1 and its functional paralog, bkk1, produced plants that were wild type in appearance but much smaller than plants expressing full-length BAK1-Flag. The reduction in growth may be attributed to a partial inhibition of BR signaling in vivo as reflected in root growth assays but other factors are likely involved as well. Our working model is that in vivo, the inhibitory action of the C-terminal domain of BAK1 is relieved by binding to BRI1. However, that interaction is not essential for BR signaling, but other aspects of cellular signaling are impacted when the C-terminal domain is truncated and result in inhibition of growth. These results increase the molecular understanding of the C-terminal domain of BAK1 as a regulator of kinase activity that may serve as a model for other receptor kinases. DA - 2014/2/4/ PY - 2014/2/4/ DO - 10.3389/fpls.2014.00016 VL - 5 SP - SN - 1664-462X KW - brassinosteroid KW - RAKI KW - BRI1 KW - domain KW - phosphotyrosine KW - protein peptide interaction ER - TY - JOUR TI - Rain garden filter bed substrates affect stormwater nutrient remediation AU - Turk, R. L. AU - Kraus, H. T. AU - Bilderback, T. E. AU - Hunt, W. F. AU - Fonteno, W. C. T2 - HortScience DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 49 IS - 5 SP - 645-652 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hydrophysical properties, moisture retention, and drainage profiles of wood and traditional components for greenhouse substrates AU - Fields, J. S. AU - Fonteno, W. C. AU - Jackson, B. E. AU - Heitman, J. L. AU - Owen, J. S. T2 - HortScience DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 49 IS - 6 SP - 827-832 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Homemade Floral Preservatives Affect Postharvest Performance of Selected Specialty Cut Flowers AU - Ahmad, Iftikhar AU - Dole, John M. T2 - HORTTECHNOLOGY AB - Effects of homemade or commercial floral preservatives, applied as 48-hour grower treatment or continuous retailer/consumer application, were studied on cut ‘ABC Blue’ lisianthus ( Eustoma grandiflorum ), ‘Maryland Plumblossom’ snapdragon ( Antirrhinum majus ), ‘Mid Cheerful Yellow’ stock ( Matthiola incana ), and ‘Deep Red’ Benary’s zinnia ( Zinnia violacea ). Cut stems were placed in solutions containing 500 mL·L −1 lemon/lime soda (soda); 6 mL·L −1 lemon juice plus 20 g·L −1 sugar (lemon juice); 100 mg·L −1 citric acid plus 20 g·L −1 sugar plus 200 mg·L −1 aluminum sulfate (C-AS); 400 mg·L −1 citric acid plus 20 g·L −1 sugar alone (citric acid), or combined with either 0.5 mL·L −1 quaternary ammonium chloride (C-QA), or 0.007 mL·L −1 isothiazolinone (C-IS); 10 mL·L −1 Floralife Clear Professional Flower Food (Floralife); or 10 mL·L −1 Chrysal Clear Professional 2 (Chrysal), dissolved in tap water, which was also used as control without any added compound. Cut stems of lisianthus and stock had longest vase lives (22.1 and 12.7 days, respectively) when placed in C-IS continuously, while snapdragon and zinnia stems had longest vase lives (22.3 and 16.3 days, respectively) when placed in C-QA solution continuously. Continuous use of soda extended vase life of cut lisianthus, snapdragon, and stock stems, but not zinnia, compared with tap water. Citric acid extended the vase life of lisianthus and stock when used continuously and of zinnia when used for 48 hours. Use of C-AS or lemon juice either had no effect or reduced vase life of the tested species, except lemon juice increased zinnia vase life when used as a 48-hour treatment. Stems of lisianthus, stock, and zinnia placed continuously in C-IS, C-QA, or citric acid had high solution uptake. No significant differences were observed for vase life of all tested species with short duration (48 hours) application of solutions, except 48-hour use of citric acid or lemon juice increased zinnia vase life compared with tap water. Overall, continuous vase application of the homemade preservatives resulted in longer vase life extension than 48-hour treatment. Among tested preservative recipes, C-IS, C-QA, soda, or citric acid demonstrated best postharvest performance of tested species. However, recipes containing C-AS or lemon juice had detrimental effects and should not be used for handling cut stems of tested species. DA - 2014/6// PY - 2014/6// DO - 10.21273/horttech.24.3.384 VL - 24 IS - 3 SP - 384-393 SN - 1943-7714 KW - aluminum sulfate KW - citric acid KW - folk recipes KW - lisianthus KW - snapdragon KW - stock KW - vase life KW - zinnia ER - TY - JOUR TI - Exobasidium maculosum, a new species causing leaf and fruit spots on blueberry in the southeastern USA and its relationship with other Exobasidium spp. parasitic to blueberry and cranberry AU - Brewer, Marin Talbot AU - Turner, Ashley N. AU - Brannen, Phillip M. AU - Cline, William O. AU - Richardson, Elizabeth A. T2 - MYCOLOGIA AB - Exobasidium leaf and fruit spot of blueberry (Vaccinium section Cyanococcus) is an emerging disease that has rapidly increased in prevalence throughout the southeastern USA. To determine whether this disease is caused by a new species of Exobasidium, we studied the morphology and phylogenetic relationship of the causal fungus compared with other members of the genus, including the type species E. vaccinii and other species that parasitize blueberry and cranberry (V. macrocarpon). Both scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy were used for morphological characterization. For phylogenetic analyses, we sequenced the large subunit of the rDNA (LSU) from 10 isolates collected from leaf or fruit spots of rabbiteye blueberry (V. virgatum), highbush blueberry (V. corymbosum) and southern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium interspecific hybrid) from Georgia and North Carolina and six isolates from leaf spots of lowbush blueberry (V. angustifolium) from Maine and Nova Scotia, Canada. LSU was sequenced from isolates causing red leaf disease of lowbush blueberry and red leaf spot (E. rostrupii) and red shoot (E. perenne) of cranberry. In addition, LSU sequences from GenBank, including sequences with high similarity to the emerging parasite and from Exobasidium spp. parasitizing other Vaccinium spp. and related hosts, were obtained. All sequences were aligned and subjected to phylogenetic analyses. Results indicated that the emerging parasite in the southeastern USA differs morphologically and phylogenetically from other described species and is described herein as Exobasidium maculosum. Within the southeastern USA, clustering based on host species, host tissue type (leaf or fruit) or geographic region was not detected; however, leaf spot isolates from lowbush blueberry were genetically different and likely represent a unique species. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.3852/13-202 VL - 106 IS - 3 SP - 415-423 SN - 1557-2536 KW - Basidiomycota KW - Ericaceae KW - Exobasidiomycetes KW - plant pathogen KW - SEM ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluation and comparison of sustainability performance and visual preference of residential landscape elements AU - Huang, X. L. AU - Sherk, J. T. T2 - HortTechnology DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 24 IS - 3 SP - 318-324 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of s-abscisic acid and (+)-8 '-acetylene abscisic acid on fruit set and stomatal conductance in apple AU - McArtney, S. J. AU - Abrams, S. R. AU - Woolard, D. D. AU - Petracek, P. D. T2 - HortScience DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 49 IS - 6 SP - 763-768 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of Weed-Free Strip Width on Newly Established ‘Navaho' Blackberry Growth, Yield, and Fruit Quality AU - Meyers, Stephen L. AU - Jennings, Katherine M. AU - Monks, David W. AU - Mitchem, Wayne E. T2 - Weed Technology AB - Field studies were conducted in 2011 and 2012 at the Sandhills Research Station near Jackson Springs, NC to determine the influence of weed-free strip width (WFSW) on newly planted ‘Navaho' blackberry plant growth, fruit yield, and fruit quality. Treatments consisted of 0-, 0.3-, 0.6-, 1.2-, 1.8-, and 2.4-m WFSW. Predicted blackberry yield increased from 718 to 1,015 kg ha −1 at WFSW of 0 to 2.4 m. The currently recommended WFSW of 1.2 m resulted in a blackberry yield of 1,013 kg ha −1 . Predicted individual blackberry fruit weight displayed a positive linear response to WFSW and increased from 3.1 to 3.6 g fruit −1 at WFSW of 0 to 2.4 m. Soluble solids content (SSC) of dull black blackberry fruit was greatest (15.1 Brix) when WFSW was 0 m. Relative to a WFSW of 0 m, SSC was reduced 2.3 to 3.4% as WFSW increased from 0.3 to 2.4 m, respectively. WFSW did not influence shiny black blackberry fruit SSC, nor titratable acidity, sugar-to-acid ratio, or pH of shiny or dull black blackberry fruit or primocane number, length, and stem caliper. DA - 2014/6// PY - 2014/6// DO - 10.1614/wt-d-13-00028.1 VL - 28 IS - 2 SP - 426-431 J2 - Weed technol. LA - en OP - SN - 0890-037X 1550-2740 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-13-00028.1 DB - Crossref KW - Orchard floor management ER - TY - JOUR TI - Consumer Horticulture Outreach: Communication Challenges and Solutions AU - Bauske, Ellen M. AU - Bachman, Gary R. AU - Bradley, Lucy AU - Jeannette, Karen AU - O’Connor, Alison Stoven AU - Bennett, Pamela J. T2 - HortTechnology AB - Communication is a critical issue for consumer horticulture specialists and extension agents. They must communicate effectively with the public interested in gardening, with Extension Master Gardener (EMG) volunteers and with other scientists. A workshop was held at the Annual Conference of the American Society for Horticultural Science on 22 July 2013 in Palm Desert, CA, with the intent of sharing tips and techniques that facilitated consumer horticulture and EMG programming. Presentations focused on communication. One program leader reported on the North Carolina Master Gardener web site, which integrates an online volunteer management system (VMS) with widely available web tools to create one-stop shopping for people who want to volunteer, get help from volunteers, or support volunteers at both the county and state level. Another program used the state VMS to house videos providing continuing education (CE) training required for EMG volunteers. This training is available 24 hours per day and 7 days per week. Agents created the videos by recording live presentations with widely available, screen capture software and a microphone. Features that make the social media site Pinterest a strong tool for gathering together focused programming resources and professional collaboration were outlined. Finally, the use of a compact, subirrigated gardening system that uses peat-based potting mix was suggested as a means to simplify communication with new urban gardeners and address their unique gardening issues. DA - 2014/6// PY - 2014/6// DO - 10.21273/horttech.24.3.266 VL - 24 IS - 3 SP - 266-269 OP - SN - 1063-0198 1943-7714 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.24.3.266 DB - Crossref KW - continuing education KW - extension KW - Master Gardener KW - social media KW - volunteer ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Tomato Kinome and the Tomato Kinase Library ORFeome: Novel Resources for the Study of Kinases and Signal Transduction in Tomato and Solanaceae Species AU - Singh, Dharmendra K. AU - Calvino, Mauricio AU - Brauer, Elizabeth K. AU - Fernandez-Pozo, Noe AU - Strickler, Susan AU - Yalamanchili, Roopa AU - Suzuki, Hideyuki AU - Aoki, Koh AU - Shibata, Daisuke AU - Stratmann, Johannes W. AU - Popescu, George V. AU - Mueller, Lukas A. AU - Popescu, Sorina C. T2 - MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS AB - Protein kinase–driven phosphorylation constitutes the core of cellular signaling. Kinase components of signal transduction pathways are often targeted for inactivation by pathogens. The study of kinases and immune signal transduction in the model crop tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) would benefit from the availability of community-wide resources for large scale and systems-level experimentation. Here, we defined the tomato kinome and performed a comprehensive comparative analysis of the tomato kinome and 15 other plant species. We constructed a tomato kinase library (TOKN 1.0) of over 300 full-length open reading frames (ORF) cloned into a recombination-based vector. We developed a high-throughput pipeline to isolate and transform tomato protoplasts. A subset of the TOKN 1.0 library kinases were expressed in planta, were purified, and were used to generate a functional tomato protein microarray. All resources created were utilized to test known and novel associations between tomato kinases and Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 effectors in a large-scale format. Bsk7 was identified as a component of the plant immune response and a candidate effector target. These resources will enable comprehensive investigations of signaling pathways and host-pathogen interactions in tomato and other Solanaceae spp. DA - 2014/1// PY - 2014/1// DO - 10.1094/mpmi-08-13-0218-ta VL - 27 IS - 1 SP - 7-17 SN - 1943-7706 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Leucine-Rich Repeat Receptor Kinase BIR2 Is a Negative Regulator of BAK1 in Plant Immunity AU - Halter, Thierry AU - Imkampe, Julia AU - Mazzotta, Sara AU - Wierzba, Michael AU - Postel, Sandra AU - Buecherl, Christoph AU - Kiefer, Christian AU - Stahl, Mark AU - Chinchilla, Delphine AU - Wang, Xiaofeng AU - Nuernberger, Thorsten AU - Zipfel, Cyril AU - Clouse, Steven AU - Borst, Jan Willem AU - Boeren, Sjef AU - Vries, Sacco C. AU - Tax, Frans AU - Kemmerling, Birgit T2 - CURRENT BIOLOGY AB - BackgroundTransmembrane leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptors are commonly used innate immune receptors in plants and animals but can also sense endogenous signals to regulate development. BAK1 is a plant LRR-receptor-like kinase (RLK) that interacts with several ligand-binding LRR-RLKs to positively regulate their functions. BAK1 is involved in brassinosteroid-dependent growth and development, innate immunity, and cell-death control by interacting with the brassinosteroid receptor BRI1, immune receptors, such as FLS2 and EFR, and the small receptor kinase BIR1, respectively.ResultsIdentification of in vivo BAK1 complex partners by LC/ESI-MS/MS uncovered two novel BAK1-interacting RLKs, BIR2 and BIR3. Phosphorylation studies revealed that BIR2 is unidirectionally phosphorylated by BAK1 and that the interaction between BAK1 and BIR2 is kinase-activity dependent. Functional analyses of bir2 mutants show differential impact on BAK1-regulated processes, such as hyperresponsiveness to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP), enhanced cell death, and resistance to bacterial pathogens, but have no effect on brassinosteroid-regulated growth. BIR2 interacts constitutively with BAK1, thereby preventing interaction with the ligand-binding LRR-RLK FLS2. PAMP perception leads to BIR2 release from the BAK1 complex and enables the recruitment of BAK1 into the FLS2 complex.ConclusionsOur results provide evidence for a new regulatory mechanism for innate immune receptors with BIR2 acting as a negative regulator of PAMP-triggered immunity by limiting BAK1-receptor complex formation in the absence of ligands. DA - 2014/1/20/ PY - 2014/1/20/ DO - 10.1016/j.cub.2013.11.047 VL - 24 IS - 2 SP - 134-143 SN - 1879-0445 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Quantitative trait locus analysis of tolerance to temperature fluctuations in winter, fruit characteristics, flower color, and prickle-free canes in raspberry AU - Molina-Bravo, Ramon AU - Fernandez, Gina E. AU - Sosinski, Bryon R. T2 - MOLECULAR BREEDING DA - 2014/2// PY - 2014/2// DO - 10.1007/s11032-013-9947-4 VL - 33 IS - 2 SP - 267-280 SN - 1572-9788 KW - Chilling requirement KW - Rest completion KW - Gene s KW - Spinelessness ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genetic variation and gains in resistance of strawberry to colletotrichum gloeosporioides AU - Osorio, L. F. AU - Pattison, J. A. AU - Peres, N. A. AU - Whitaker, V. M. T2 - Phytopathology DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 104 IS - 1 SP - 67-74 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Phytochemical changes in phenolics, anthocyanins, ascorbic acid, and carotenoids associated with sweetpotato storage and impacts on bioactive properties AU - Grace, Mary H. AU - Yousef, Gad G. AU - Gustafson, Sally J. AU - Truong, Van-Den AU - Yencho, G. Craig AU - Lila, Mary Ann T2 - FOOD CHEMISTRY AB - Sweetpotato phytochemical content was evaluated in four genotypes (NCPUR06-020, Covington, Yellow Covington, and NC07-847) at harvest and after curing/storage for 4 or 8 months. Curing and storage for up to 8 months did not significantly affect total phenolic content in Covington, Yellow Covington, and NC07-847, however for NCPUR06-020, a purple-fleshed selection, total phenolic content declined mainly due to anthocyanin degradation during storage. Covington had the highest carotenoid content at harvest time (281.9 μg/g DM), followed by NC07-847 (26.2 μg/g DM), and after 8 months, total carotenoids had increased by 25% and 50%, respectively. Antioxidant activity gradually declined during storage, and freshly harvested sweetpotatoes also demonstrated higher anti-inflammatory capacity as gauged by inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in SH-SY5Y cells. Gradual changes in sweetpotato phytochemical content and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity were noted during normal long-term storage, but the specific effects were genotype-dependent. DA - 2014/2/15/ PY - 2014/2/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.08.107 VL - 145 SP - 717-724 SN - 1873-7072 KW - Sweetpotato KW - Phenolics KW - Carotenoids KW - Antioxidant activity KW - Storage KW - Postharvest ER - TY - JOUR TI - Floral foam and/or conventional or organic preservatives affect the vase-life and quality of cut rose (Rosa X hybrida L.) stems AU - Ahmad, Iftikhar AU - Dole, John M. AU - Clark, Erin M. R. AU - Blazich, Frank A. T2 - JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE & BIOTECHNOLOGY AB - SummaryWe studied the effects of floral foam (Oasis®), with or without conventional or organic preservatives, to determine the optimum treatment to extend the vase-life of the cut rose (Rosa × hybrida L.) cultivars ‘Freedom’ and ‘Charlotte’. In general, floral foam resulted in similar or reduced vase-lives in cut ‘Freedom’ and ‘Charlotte’ rose, and had no influence on the symptoms of senescence in either cultivar. ‘Freedom’ showed more petal browning and rot, as well as reduced flower bud opening, compared to ‘Charlotte’. Vase solutions containing either of two conventional preservatives resulted in longer vase-lives in the stems of both cultivars than stems in deionised (DI) water. Floral foam saturated with DI water resulted in greater changes in the pH of the vase solution in both cultivars. Among the preservatives tested, conventional products such as Floralife Premium Rose Food or Chrysal Rose Vase (each at 10 ml l–1) extended the vase-life by 5.5 d or 3.9 d, respectively; whereas organic products such as Vita Flora or Vita One Step (each at 0.53 ml l–1) resulted in statistically similar vase-lives (9.3 d or 8.3 d, respectively) as stems in DI water (7.5 d), irrespective of the use of floral foam. These findings suggest that floral foam should not be used during the post-harvest handling of cut rose stems. Moreover, conventional preservatives were more effective than the organic products. DA - 2014/1// PY - 2014/1// DO - 10.1080/14620316.2014.11513046 VL - 89 IS - 1 SP - 41-46 SN - 1462-0316 ER - TY - JOUR TI - 'Covington' Sweetpotato Tolerance to Flumioxazin Applied POST-Directed AU - Meyers, Stephen L. AU - Jennings, Katherine M. AU - Monks, David W. T2 - WEED TECHNOLOGY AB - Field studies were conducted at Clinton, NC (2009, 2010), and Kinston, NC (2010), to determine ‘Covington' sweetpotato tolerance to flumioxazin applied after transplanting. Flumioxazin was directed to 25% of the sweetpotato vine beginning at the distal end (shoot tip), 25% of the vine beginning at the proximal end (crown), or to the entire vine (over-the-top) and was applied at 2 or 5 wk after transplanting (WAP). Applications made at 2 WAP resulted in 10 to 16% foliar necrosis at 3 WAP. Necrosis was transient and ≤ 2% by 6 WAP. Stunting injury at 6 WAP for flumioxazin applied at 2 WAP was greatest (12%) with the over-the-top application, followed by crown (5%), and shoot tip (1%) applications. Applications made at 5 WAP resulted in 35, 23, and 15% foliar necrosis at 6 WAP for over-the-top, crown, and shoot tip applications, respectively. By 12 WAP, stunting injury for all treatments was ≤ 3%. No. 1, jumbo, canner, and total marketable sweetpotato yield of the nontreated check was 36,670; 7,610; 7,170; and 51,450 kg ha −1 , respectively. No. 1 and total marketable sweetpotato yields were reduced when flumioxazin was applied at 2 or 5 WAP. No. 1 sweetpotato yield was reduced when flumioxazin was applied to the crown or over-the-top (27,240 and 28,330 kg ha −1 , respectively). Sweetpotato receiving flumioxazin applied to the shoot tip had similar no. 1 (31,770 kg ha −1 ) yields as the nontreated check, crown, and over-the-top applications. Total marketable sweetpotato yield was reduced by flumioxazin application to shoot tip, crown, and over-the-top (45,350; 40,100; 40,370 kg ha −1 , respectively). Neither flumioxazin application timing nor placement influenced either jumbo- or canner-grade sweetpotato yields. Currently, after-transplant applications of flumioxazin do not appear to be a suitable fit for POST weed control in North Carolina sweetpotato production systems. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1614/wt-d-13-00092.1 VL - 28 IS - 1 SP - 163-167 SN - 1550-2740 KW - Crop tolerance KW - herbicide placement KW - herbicide timing ER -