TY - JOUR TI - Genomic regions governing soybean sulfur containing amino acids AU - Pantalone, V.R. AU - Panthee, D.R. AU - Sams, C.E. AU - Saxton, A.M. AU - West, D.R. T2 - AOCS Abstracts DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 35 M3 - Abstracts ER - TY - CONF TI - Using hyper spectral imaging to predict peanut pod maturity AU - Seth Carley, D. AU - Jordan, D. AU - Burton, M. AU - Dharmasri, C. AU - Sutton, T. AU - Brandenburg, R. C2 - 2005/// C3 - Proceedings of American Peanut Research and Education Society DA - 2005/// VL - 37 SP - 34–35 ER - TY - CONF TI - Influence of planting date on peanut response to paraquat, 2,4-DB, and plant removal AU - Jordan, D. AU - Seth Carley, D. AU - Johnson, D. C2 - 2005/// C3 - Proceedings of American Peanut Research and Education Society DA - 2005/// VL - 37 SP - 62 ER - TY - CONF TI - Accuracy of using heat units to predict peanut maturity during 2003 and 2004 in North Carolina AU - Pearce, J. AU - Jordan, D. AU - Johnson, P. AU - Seth Carley, D. AU - Alston, J. AU - Callis, D. AU - Corbett, T. C2 - 2005/// C3 - Proceedings of American Peanut Research and Education Society DA - 2005/// VL - 37 SP - 65 ER - TY - CONF TI - Preliminary evaluation of diseased and non-diseased peanut leaves using hyper spectral imaging AU - Dharmasri, C. AU - Seth Carley, D. AU - Jordan, D. AU - Burton, M. AU - Sutton, T. AU - Brandenburg, R. C2 - 2005/// C3 - Proceedings of American Peanut Research and Education Society DA - 2005/// VL - 37 SP - 92 ER - TY - CONF TI - Varying inputs to evaluate peanut maturity using hyperspectral imaging AU - Seth Carley, D. AU - Jordan, D.L. AU - Burton, M.G. AU - Sutton, T.B. AU - Brandenburg, R.L. AU - Johnson, P.D. AU - Dharmasri, C. C2 - 2005/// C3 - Proceedings 0f the Southern Weed Science Society DA - 2005/// VL - 58 SP - 3 ER - TY - MGZN TI - The search for a better tasting tomato AU - Peet, M.M. T2 - The Tomato Magazine DA - 2005/8// PY - 2005/8// SP - 12-15 ER - TY - CONF TI - Modifying fruit quality in greenhouse tomato cultivars with NaCl additions AU - Harlow, C.D. AU - Peet, M.M. AU - Larrea, E.S. T2 - 32nd National Agricultural Plastics Congress C2 - 2005/// C3 - Proceedings of the 32nd National Agricultural Plastics Congress CY - Charleston, SC DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/3/5/ SP - 45–50 ER - TY - CONF TI - Selecting Substrates for Organic Transplant Production AU - Larrea, E.S. AU - Peet, M.M. AU - Harlow, C.D. T2 - 32nd National Agricultural Plastics Congress C2 - 2005/// C3 - Proceedings of the 32nd National Agricultural Plastics Congress CY - Charleston, SC DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/3/5/ SP - 58–64 ER - TY - CONF TI - Tomato Cultivar Differences in Ion Uptake and Growth in Closed Hydroponic Culture AU - Kim, H.-J. AU - Harlow, C. AU - Peet, M. T2 - 102th Conference of the American Society for Horticultural Science C2 - 2005/// CY - Las Vegas, NV DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/7/18/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Black Cohosh (Actaea racemosa L.) Propagation and Growth in Perlite Hydroponic Systems AU - Kim, H.-J. AU - Harlow, C. AU - Peet, M. T2 - 102th Conference of the American Society for Horticultural Science C2 - 2005/// CY - Las Vegas, NV DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/7/18/ ER - TY - CONF TI - A New Horticultural Science Distance Education Graduate Certificate Program AU - Sanders, Douglas C. AU - Osborne, Dennis J. AU - Peet, Mary M. AU - Dole, John M. AU - Kornegay, Julia L. T2 - 102th Conference of the American Society for Horticultural Science C2 - 2005/// CY - Las Vegas, NV DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/7/18/ ER - TY - CHAP TI - Greenhouse production AU - Peet, M.M. T2 - Tomato A2 - Heuvelink, E.P. PY - 2005/// SP - 257–304 PB - CABI Publishing ER - TY - MGZN TI - Modifying fruit quality in greenhouse tomato cultivars with NaCl additions AU - Harlow, C.D. AU - Peet, M.M. AU - Larrea, E.S. T2 - Pennsylvania Vegetable Growers News DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 28 M1 - 9 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Determination of citrulline in watermelon rind AU - Rimando, Agnes M. AU - Perkins-Veazie, Penelope M. T2 - Journal of Chromatography A AB - Watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris Schrad.) is a natural and rich source of the non-essential amino acid citrulline. Citrulline is used in the nitric oxide system in humans and has potential antioxidant and vasodilatation roles. A method using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed to separate citrulline from glutamic acid, which co-elute when analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. Watermelons were analyzed by GC-MS to determine the citrulline content among varieties, types, flesh colors, and tissues. Citrulline content ranged from 3.9 to 28.5 mg/g dry weight (dwt) and was similar between seeded and seedless types (16.6 and 20.3 mg/g dwt, respectively). Red flesh watermelons had slightly less citrulline than the yellow or orange flesh watermelons (7.4, 28.5 and 14.2 mg/g dwt, respectively). Rind contained more citrulline than flesh on a dry weight basis (24.7 and 16.7 mg/g dwt, respectively) but a little less on a fresh weight (fwt) basis (1.3 and 1.9 mg/g fwt, respectively). These results indicate that watermelon rind, an underutilized agricultural waste, offers a source of natural citrulline. DA - 2005/6// PY - 2005/6// DO - 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.05.009 VL - 1078 IS - 1-2 SP - 196-200 J2 - Journal of Chromatography A LA - en OP - SN - 0021-9673 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2005.05.009 DB - Crossref KW - citrulline KW - watermelon KW - rind ER - TY - JOUR TI - Use of Compost as an Alternative to Methyl Bromide for Vegetables AU - Sanders, Doug AU - Reyes, Luz M. AU - Monks, David AU - Louws, Frank AU - Driver, James T2 - HortScience AB - We evaluated the influence of three compost sources and compost amended with T382 with fumigant Telone C-35 and various combinations of compost and Telone C-35 on the yield and pest management of cucumber, pepper, tomato, collard, southern pea, and summer squash in a multicrop rotational system. In the first year, there were few differences between the compost treatments and Telone C-35, but all treatments resulted in more yield than the control. In the second year, all compost treatments and/or Telone C-35 improved total and marketable yield of cucumber, pepper, tomato, southern pea, and summer squash. Furthermore, in the second year, Telone C-35 treat-ments produced more yield than some of the compost treatments in tomatoes. Combining Telone C-35 with compost did not differ from either treatment alone. Nematode and disease assessments were not consistent and will be discussed in further detail. DA - 2005/7// PY - 2005/7// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1110e VL - 40 IS - 4 SP - 1110E-1111 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A Comprehensive Species to Strain Taxonomic Framework forXanthomonas AU - Rademaker, J. L. W. AU - Louws, F. J. AU - Schultz, M. H. AU - Rossbach, U. AU - Vauterin, L. AU - Swings, J. AU - Bruijn, F. J. T2 - Phytopathology AB - A comprehensive classification framework was developed that refines the current Xanthomonas classification scheme and provides a detailed assessment of Xanthomonas diversity at the species, subspecies, pathovar, and subpathovar levels. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers targeting the conserved repetitive sequences BOX, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC), and repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP) (rep-PCR) was used to generate genomic fingerprints of 339 Xanthomonas strains comprising 80 pathovars, 20 DNA homology groups, and a Stenotrophomonas maltophilia reference strain. Computer-assisted pattern analysis of the rep-PCR profiles permitted the clustering of strains into distinct groups, which correspond directly to the 20 DNA-DNA homology groups(genospecies) previously identified. Group 9 strains (X. axonopodis) were an exception and did not cluster together into a coherent group but comprised six subgroups. Over 160 strains not previously characterized by DNA-DNA hybridization analysis, or not previously classified, were assigned to specific genospecies based on the classification framework developed. The rep-PCR delineated subspecific groups within X. hortorum, X. arboricola, X. axonopodis, X. oryzae, X. campestris, and X. translucens. Numerous taxonomic issues with regard to the diversity, similarity, redundancy, or misnaming were resolved. This classification framework will enable the rapid identification and classification of new, novel, or unknown Xanthomonas strains that are pathogenic or are otherwise associated with plants. DA - 2005/9// PY - 2005/9// DO - 10.1094/phyto-95-1098 VL - 95 IS - 9 SP - 1098-1111 KW - X. albilineans KW - X. bromi KW - X. cassavae KW - X. codiaei KW - X. cucurbitae KW - X. fragariae KW - X. hyacinthi KW - X. melonis KW - X. pisi KW - X. populi KW - X. sacchari KW - X. theicola KW - X. vasicola KW - X. vesicatoria ER - TY - THES TI - Growth Response and Adaptability of Acer rubrum and Acer xfreemanii Cultivars to Soil Compaction AU - Fair, B.A. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// M3 - PhD Dissertation PB - The Ohio State University ER - TY - JOUR TI - Quantitative Trait Loci for Seed Protein and Oil Concentration, and Seed Size in Soybean AU - Panthee, D. R. AU - Pantalone, V. R. AU - West, D. R. AU - Saxton, A. M. AU - Sams, C. E. T2 - Crop Science AB - Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is an important crop because of its high oil and protein concentration. However, there is an inverse relationship between seed protein and oil concentration, making it difficult to improve both traits simultaneously. Molecular breeding may be helpful to facilitate a balanced accumulation of desirable alleles. The objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) governing soybean protein, oil and seed size. To achieve this objective, 101 F 6 –derived recombinant inbred lines (RIL) from a population developed from a cross of N87‐984‐16 × TN93‐99 were used. Heritability estimates on an entry mean basis for protein and oil concentrations, and seed size were 0.66, 0.54, and 0.71, respectively. A total of 585 simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular genetic markers were screened and 94 were polymorphic in the RIL. Single factor ANOVA was used to identify candidate QTL, which were then confirmed by composite interval mapping. One novel molecular marker (Satt570) on molecular linkage group (MLG) G associated with a protein QTL was detected. Novel molecular markers (Satt274, Satt420, and Satt479) located on MLG D1b, O, and O respectively and a previously reported marker (Satt317) located on MLG H were associated with oil QTL in this study. Molecular markers Satt002 (MLG D2) and Satt184 (MLG D1a) associated with seed size QTL were verified whereas Satt147 (MLG D1a) was novel. The individual QTL explained 20.2, 9.4‐15, and 10 to 16.5% of the phenotypic variation for protein and oil concentrations, and seed size, respectively. Thus, we identified major loci for improving soybean seed quality. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.2135/cropsci2004.0720 VL - 45 IS - 5 SP - 2015 LA - en OP - SN - 1435-0653 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2004.0720 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Quantitative trait loci controlling sulfur containing amino acids, methionine and cysteine, in soybean seeds AU - Panthee, D. R. AU - Pantalone, V. R. AU - Sams, C. E. AU - Saxton, A. M. AU - West, D. R. AU - Orf, J. H. AU - Killam, A. S. T2 - Theoretical and Applied Genetics DA - 2005/12/10/ PY - 2005/12/10/ DO - 10.1007/s00122-005-0161-6 VL - 112 IS - 3 SP - 546-553 J2 - Theor Appl Genet LA - en OP - SN - 0040-5752 1432-2242 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00122-005-0161-6 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - The tortoise and the hare II: Relative utility of 21 noncoding chloroplast DNA sequences for phylogenetic analysis AU - Shaw, J. AU - Lickey, E.B. AU - Beck, J.T. AU - Farmer, S.B. AU - Liu, W. AU - Miller, J. AU - Siripun, K.C. AU - Winder, C.T. AU - Schilling, E.E. AU - Small, R.L. T2 - American Journal of Botany AB - Chloroplast DNA sequences are a primary source of data for plant molecular systematic studies. A few key papers have provided the molecular systematics community with universal primer pairs for noncoding regions that have dominated the field, namely trnL-trnF and trnK/matK. These two regions have provided adequate information to resolve species relationships in some taxa, but often provide little resolution at low taxonomic levels. To obtain better phylogenetic resolution, sequence data from these regions are often coupled with other sequence data. Choosing an appropriate cpDNA region for phylogenetic investigation is difficult because of the scarcity of information about the tempo of evolutionary rates among different noncoding cpDNA regions. The focus of this investigation was to determine whether there is any predictable rate heterogeneity among 21 noncoding cpDNA regions identified as phylogenetically useful at low levels. To test for rate heterogeneity among the different cpDNA regions, we used three species from each of 10 groups representing eight major phylogenetic lineages of phanerogams. The results of this study clearly show that a survey using as few as three representative taxa can be predictive of the amount of phylogenetic information offered by a cpDNA region and that rate heterogeneity exists among noncoding cpDNA regions. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.3732/ajb.92.1.142 VL - 92 IS - 1 SP - 142-166 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-19944430021&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CONF TI - Using molecular markers to investigate parentage of azaleodendron hybrids AU - Contreras, R.N. AU - Ranney, T.G. AU - Tallury, S.P. AU - Milla, S.R. C2 - 2005/// C3 - Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 50th Annual Report DA - 2005/// SP - 632–635 ER - TY - CONF TI - Shiloh Splash’ river birch AU - Ranney, T.G. AU - Eaker, T.A. AU - Mowrey, J.A. AU - Lynch, N.P. C2 - 2005/// C3 - Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 50th Annual Report DA - 2005/// VL - 50 SP - 653–655 ER - TY - CONF TI - Intergeneric hybrids between Gordonia lasianthus and Franklinia alatamaha AU - Ranney, T.G. AU - Eaker, T.A. AU - Mowrey, J.A. AU - Lynch, N.P. C2 - 2005/// C3 - Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 50th Annual Report DA - 2005/// VL - 50 SP - 651–652 ER - TY - CONF TI - Heritability of ornamental foliage characteristics in diploid, triploid, and tetraploid Hypericum androsaemum L AU - Olsen, R.T. AU - Ranney, T.G. AU - Werner, D.J. C2 - 2005/// C3 - Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 50th Annual Report DA - 2005/// SP - 648–650 ER - TY - NEWS TI - Cropping systems for organic dairies T2 - Maine Organic Milk Producers Newsletter PY - 2005/// ET - Spring SP - 6–8 ER - TY - CONF TI - Cover crop management impacts on the weed seed predator, Harpalus rufipes AU - Shearin, A. AU - Reberg-Horton, S.C. C2 - 2005/// C3 - Proceedings of the Annual Meeting - Northeastern Weed Science Society DA - 2005/// VL - 59 SP - 77 DB - Northeastern Weed Science Society 59:77. ER - TY - CONF TI - An alternative forage production system for organic dairy producers: quality feed and fewer weeds AU - Jemison, J.M. AU - Reberg-Horton, S.C. C2 - 2005/// C3 - Proceedings of the Annual Meeting -Northeastern Weed Science Society DA - 2005/// VL - 59 SP - 13 ER - TY - CONF TI - A distance-based redundancy analysis of weed seed bank changes in the Maine potato ecosystem project AU - Reberg-Horton, S.C. AU - Gallandt, E. AU - Taylor, N. C2 - 2005/// C3 - Proceedings of the Annual Meeting -Northeastern Weed Science Society DA - 2005/// VL - 59 SP - 139 DB - Northeastern Weed Science Society 59:139. ER - TY - MGZN TI - The Smooth Bedstraw Invasion--What Are the Options For Control? AU - Kersbergen, R. AU - Reberg-Horton, C. T2 - Agriculture Today DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 6 SP - 5–8 ER - TY - SOUND TI - Genetics of early blight resistance in tomato AU - Sharma, A. AU - Ashrafi, H. AU - Foolad, M.R. DA - 2005/1/15/ PY - 2005/1/15/ M3 - poster N1 - Abstract published in the Proceedings for the meeting, p. 191 RN - Abstract published in the Proceedings for the meeting, p. 191 ER - TY - SOUND TI - Genetic mapping of candidate resistance genes in tomato using an F2 and a RIL population of a Lycopersicon esculentum × L. pimpinellifolium cross AU - Ashrafi, H. AU - Sharma, A. AU - Niño-Liu, D. AU - Foolad, M.R. DA - 2005/3/16/ PY - 2005/3/16/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - Comparative mapping of early blight resistance QTLs and candidate resistance genes in F2, F3, F4 and a RIL population of Tomato AU - Ashrafi, H. AU - Sharma, A. AU - Niño-Liu, D. AU - Zhang, L. AU - Foolad, M.R. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// M3 - poster ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genetics and Breeding of Early Blight Resistance in Tomato AU - Foolad, M.R. AU - Sharma, A. AU - Ashrafi, H. AU - Lin, G. T2 - HortScience DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 40 SP - 1114–1114 ER - TY - JOUR TI - (13) Comparative Mapping of Early Blight Resistance QTLs and Candidate Resistance Genes in F2, F3, F4 and a RIL Population of Tomato AU - Ashrafi, H. AU - Sharma, A. AU - Niño-Liu, D. AU - Zhang, L. AU - Foolad, M. T2 - HortScience DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 40 IS - 4 SP - 1040 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Floriculture principles and species AU - John M. Dole, Harold F. Wilkins DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// PB - Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall,|cc2005 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Compost plays key role in green roof mixes AU - Sherman, R. T2 - BioCycle DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 46 IS - 3 SP - 29-34 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Backyard composting developments AU - Sherman, R. T2 - BioCycle DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 46 IS - 1 SP - 45-47 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Water table and temperature regime affect growth of potted Atlantic white cedar AU - Derby, S. A. AU - Hinesley, L. E. T2 - Atlantic white cedar : ecology, restoration, and management : proceedings of the Arlington Echo Symposium, Millersville, Maryland, June 2-4, 2003 DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Storage and simulated shipping of cut 'Renaissance Red' poinsettias AU - Dole, JM T2 - Proceedings of the Vth International Symposium on New Floricultural Crops AB - The effect of several storage and handling treatments on the vase life of cut ‘Renaissance Red’ poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) stems was investigated. Removing all foliage increased vase life and delayed cyathia abscission. Stems with 100% of foliage (9 to 11 leaves) had fewer days to first abscised leaf than stems with 50% foliage (5 leaves) remaining. Allowing cut stems to dehydrate for 24 h at 20 o C caused the inflorescences to wilt severely and allowed them to be more easily packed in a box. However, wilting reduced vase life and hastened leaf abscission, but had no effect on cyathia abscission. Cut stems tolerated 12 or 24 h dry storage at 1 or 5 o C with no decrease in vase life which averaged 24.5 to 28.2 days in deionized (DI) water. Storing cut stems wet at 1 or 5 o C for 12 or 24 h reduced vase life to 13.3 to 20.2 days. Storage for 48 h at 1 or 5 o C either wet or dry reduced vase life compared to 12 or 24 h storage. Increasing storage duration decreased the number of days to first leaf and cyathia abscission, regardless of storage conditions. Light during 10 o C long term storage had no effect on vase life or days to first cyathia or leaf abscission. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2005.683.9 IS - 683 SP - 103-109 SN - 0567-7572 KW - Euphorbia pulcherrima KW - vase life KW - cut flower KW - 'Winter Rose' KW - postharvest physiology ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fertilizing containerized Atlantic white cedar seedlings AU - Derby, S. A. AU - Hinesley, L. E. T2 - Journal of Environmental Horticulture DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 23 IS - 2 SP - 97 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparison of silver thiosulfate with 1-methylcyclopropene on 19 cut flower taxa AU - Dole, J. M. AU - Fonteno, W. C. AU - Blankenship, S. M. T2 - Proceedings of the 5th International Postharvest Symposium : Verona, Italy, June 6-11, 2004 AB - The effects of silver thiosulfate (STS; AVB) and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP; Ethylbloc) were determined on 14 commonly-grown cut flower species, represented by one to three cultivars per species. Stems were unpacked, sorted, and placed in either deionized water (DI) and subjected to 1-MCP (740 nL L') or ambient air for 4 h or DI plus STS at either 0.1 mM (Alstroemeria) or 0.2 mM (all other species) for 4 h. After treatment, stems were removed, placed in polyethylene sleeves and stored either wet in DI water or dry in plastic-lined floral boxes at 5°C in the dark for 4 days. After storage bunches were placed in DI water under 12 h (76 to 100 μmol m -2 s -1 ) light per day. Flowers were monitored daily to determine the end of wholesale vase life, which was designated as the first day a change was noticed in the flower or inflorescence that would typically prevent it from being sold by a wholesaler or retailer. The consumer vase life was also recorded for each stem and was designated as the day a typical consumer would dispose of it. The 19 cut flower taxa could be organized into four groups based on effectiveness of STS and 1-MCP: (1) Both STS and 1-MCP increased vase life but STS was more effective: Dianthus caryophyllus (all three cultivars), Bouvardia, Lilium (Asiatic), and Lathyrus odorata. (2) Both STS and 1-MCP prevented the negative effects of dry storage: Freesia (both cultivars) and Chamelaucium (one cultivar). (3) STS increased vase life while 1-MCP did not: Alstroemeria, Delphinium, Matthiola, and Gypsophila. (4) STS and 1-MCP either had no effect or a negative effect: Consolida, Eustoma, Ranunculus, Antirrhinum, and Chamelaucium (one cultivar). DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2005.682.123 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Seed germination of seabeach amaranth (Amaranthus pumilus) as influenced by stratification, temperature, and light AU - Blazich, F. A. AU - Warren, S. L. AU - Nash, D. L. AU - Reece, W. M. T2 - Journal of Environmental Horticulture DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 23 IS - 1 SP - 33 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Influence of selected surface disinfestants, fungicides, and temperature on seed germination and initial growth of southern seaoats (Uniola paniculata) AU - Burgess, T. L. AU - Blazich, F. A. AU - Nash, D. L. AU - Randall-Schadel, B. T2 - Journal of Environmental Horticulture DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 23 IS - 1 SP - 4 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Initial plant size and landscape exposure affect establishment of transplanted Kalmia latifolia 'Olympic Wedding' AU - Wright, A. N. AU - Warren, S. L. AU - Blazich, F. A. AU - Harris, J. R. AU - Wright, R. D. T2 - Journal of Environmental Horticulture DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 23 IS - 2 SP - 91 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Irrigation and fertilization AU - Peet, Mary T2 - Tomatoes AB - Abstract This chapter provides irrigation and fertilization guidelines for tomato crop production, and highlights the water and fertilization requirements of the plant at different stages of development, interactions between nutrients, response to deficiencies and excesses of N, P, K, Ca and Mg, and interactions between watering and fertilization regimes as they relate to various physiological disorders (blossom-end rot, goldspot, oedema, fruit cracking and russeting). PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1079/9780851993966.0171 PB - CAB International SN - 0851993966 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Greenhouse tomato production AU - Peet, M. M. T2 - Tomatoes PY - 2005/// PB - CAB International SN - 0851993966 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The effect of replicate number and image analysis method on sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] cDNA microarray results AU - McGregor, C. E. AU - He, L. AU - Ali, R. M. AU - Sosinski, B. AU - Jankowicz, J. AU - Burg, K. AU - Labonte, D. R. T2 - Plant Molecular Biology Reporter DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 23 IS - 4 SP - 367-381 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ranunculus ficaria (Ranunculaceae) new to North Carolina and an updated key to Carolina congeners AU - Krings, A. AU - Weakley, A. S. AU - Neal, J. C. AU - Swab, E. C. T2 - SIDA, Contributions To Botany DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 21 SP - 2429-2437 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Timing of PourThru affects pH, electrical conductivity, and leachate volume AU - Cavins, TJ AU - Whipker, BE AU - Fonteno, WC T2 - COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS AB - Abstract The time between irrigation and PourThru sampling had not been extensively examined for affects on pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and leachate volume in greenhouse production. A greenhouse study with 16.5 and 19.2 cm wide containers using Fafard 4P and Metro Mix 320 soilless substrates was implemented, and PourThru leachates were extracted and tested for pH, EC, and volume at 15, 30, 60, 120, and 240 minutes after irrigation. Substrates and pot sizes affected PourThru pH and EC; however, timing did not affect these values in this study. The elapsed time between irrigation and sampling affected leachate volumes and mass wetness of the substrates such that values decreased when 120 or 240 minutes elapsed from irrigation to sampling. Based upon the fluctuations in leachate volumes and mass wetness values, it is recommended that 60 minutes elapse from time of irrigation to PourThru sampling. Sixty minutes is sufficient time to allow for nutrient equilibration so the greenhouse crop producers can obtain a representative sample of the plant available nutrient status, yet maintain sufficient moisture status to prevent EC shifts due to moisture content variation leachate volumes from becoming too low. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1081/CSS-200059076 VL - 36 IS - 11-12 SP - 1573-1581 SN - 0010-3624 KW - soil test KW - moisture content ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genes determining rind pattern inheritance in watermelon: A review AU - Gusmini, G. AU - Wehner, T. C. T2 - HortScience DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 40 IS - 6 SP - 1928-1930 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Flurprimidol is effective at controlling height of 'Star Gazer' oriental lily AU - Krug, B. A. AU - Whipker, B. E. AU - McCall, I. T2 - HortTechnology DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 15 IS - 2 SP - 373-376 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Defoliation of woody cut stems with preharvest, less toxic chemical and postharvest environmental methods AU - Greer, L AU - Dole, JM T2 - HORTTECHNOLOGY AB - Six defoliants were applied in fall and tested for their efficacy in preharvest defoliation of fieldgrown curly willow ( Salix matsudana `Tortuosa'), american bittersweet ( Celastrus scandens ), and american beautyberry ( Callicarpa americana ). Defoliants included acetic acid, chelated copper, crop oil concentrate surfactant (COC), ethephon, dimethipin plus COC, pelargonic acid, and a tap water control. For chelated copper, a concentration of 800 mg·L –1 (ppm) was most effective at promoting defoliation, providing 100% defoliation of american bittersweet and 76% defoliation of american beautyberry. For curly willow and american beautyberry, all concentrations of dimethipin produced good or excellent defoliation. Increasing concentrations of ethephon from 200 to 2500 mg·L –1 increased defoliation from 0% to 67%. Pelargonic acid was not effective at promoting defoliation of woody plants at the concentrations used. In an experiment conducted during spring using containerized curly willow, irrigation was stopped for 0, 3, or 6 days before defoliants were applied, but none of the irrigation treatments promoted defoliation. In a postharvest study using cut curly willow, stems were held in distilled water at 5, 20, or 35 °C (41.0, 68.0, or 95.0 °F) for 1, 3, 5, or 7 days. Holding cut stems of curly willow at 20 °C promoted 68% defoliation, compared to 53% or 28% for 5 or 35 °C, respectively. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.21273/horttech.15.2.0376 VL - 15 IS - 2 SP - 376-380 SN - 1063-0198 KW - Celastrus scandens KW - Salix matsudana KW - Callicarpa americana KW - Ilex verticillata KW - chelated copper KW - dimethipin KW - crop oil concentrate KW - acetic acid KW - pelargonic acid KW - abscission ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparison of flurprimidol to ancymidol, paclobutrazol, and uniconazole for tulip height control AU - Krug, B. A. AU - Whipker, B. E. AU - McCall, I. AU - Dole, J. M. T2 - HortTechnology DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 15 IS - 2 SP - 370-373 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Responses of soil microbial community structure and diversity to agricultural deintensification AU - Zhang, W. J. AU - Rui, W. Y. AU - Tu, C. AU - Diab, H. G. AU - Louws, F. J. AU - Mueller, J. P. AU - Creamer, N. AU - Bell, M. AU - Wagger, M. G. AU - Hu, S. T2 - Pedosphere DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 15 IS - 4 SP - 440-447 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Response of Japanese stiltgrass (Microstegium vimineum) to application timing, rate, and frequency of postemergence herbicides AU - Judge, CA AU - Neal, JC AU - Derr, JF T2 - WEED TECHNOLOGY AB - Japanese stiltgrass is a nonnative invasive grass that occurs in a variety of habitats and is widely distributed throughout the eastern United States. In natural areas such as forests, herbicide options that selectively control Japanese stiltgrass while preserving native herbaceous and woody vegetation may be desired. The efficacy of three selective postemergence herbicides (fenoxaprop-P, imazapic, and sethoxydim) applied early season, midseason, or late season on monoculture understory stands of Japanese stiltgrass in forests was examined in an experiment conducted at a site in North Carolina and a site in Virginia from 2002 to 2004. The herbicides, averaged across application timings, controlled Japanese stiltgrass at the end of the growing season 83 to 89% and seedhead production 79 to 94% compared with nontreated plants. Seedling emergence was reduced in the spring of 2004 by 89, 70, and 78% by fenoxaprop-P, imazapic, and sethoxydim, respectively, applied in 2003. In another experiment at the North Carolina site in 2002 and 2003, fenoxaprop-P or sethoxydim applied twice (4 wk apart) at half-registered rates controlled Japanese stiltgrass. This study demonstrates that land managers have multiple POST herbicide and application timing, rate, and frequency options for Japanese stiltgrass control.Nomenclature: Fenoxaprop-P; imazapic; sethoxydim; Japanese stiltgrass, Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus #3 MCGVM.Additional index words: Invasive plant, annual jewgrass, bamboograss, flexible sesagrass, Japanese grass, Mary's grass, Nepalese browntop.Abbreviations: 1X, maximum use rate. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1614/WT-04-272R.1 VL - 19 IS - 4 SP - 912-917 SN - 0890-037X KW - invasive plant KW - annual jewgrass KW - bamboograss KW - flexible sesagrass KW - Japanese grass KW - Mary's grass KW - Nepalese browntop ER - TY - JOUR TI - Preemergence and postemergence control of Japanese stiltgrass (Microstegium vimineum) AU - Judge, CA AU - Neal, JC AU - Derr, JE T2 - WEED TECHNOLOGY AB - Preemergence (PRE) and postemergence (POST) herbicides registered for large crabgrass control were evaluated for control of Japanese stiltgrass, an invasive, nonnative C4 annual grass. Benefin plus oryzalin, dithiopyr, isoxaben plus trifluralin, oryzalin, oxadiazon, pendimethalin, prodiamine, or trifluralin applied PRE controlled Japanese stiltgrass 87% or greater 8 wk after treatment. Benefin plus trifluralin, metolachlor, or napropamide applied PRE were less effective (78, 39, and 59% control, respectively). Single POST applications of clethodim, fenoxaprop-P, fluazifop-P, or sethoxydim controlled Japanese stiltgrass 50 to 88%. These herbicides applied twice provided 82 to 99% control. Single POST applications of glufosinate controlled Japanese stiltgrass 82 to 85%, whereas two applications provided complete control. Single POST applications of glyphosate were just as effective as two applications in controlling Japanese stiltgrass. Dithiopyr, MSMA, and quinclorac applied POST were ineffective on Japanese stiltgrass. All PRE and POST herbicides tested were equally or more effective on Japanese stiltgrass than on large crabgrass, with the exception of metolachlor applied PRE and dithiopyr or quinclorac applied POST.Nomenclature: Benefin; clethodim; dithiopyr; fenoxaprop-P; fluazifop-P; glufosinate; glyphosate; isoxaben; metolachlor; MSMA; napropamide; oryzalin; oxadiazon; pendimethalin; prodiamine; quinclorac; sethoxydim; trifluralin; Japanese stiltgrass, Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus #3 MCGVM; large crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. # DIGSA.Additional index words: Annual jewgrass, bamboograss, flexible sesagrass, invasive plant, Japanese grass, Mary's grass, Nepalese browntop.Abbreviations: DAT, days after treatment; POST, postemergence; PRE, preemergence; WAT, weeks after treatment. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1614/WT-04-119R VL - 19 IS - 1 SP - 183-189 SN - 1550-2740 KW - annual jewgrass KW - bamboograss KW - flexible sesagrass KW - invasive plant KW - Japanese grass KW - Mary's grass KW - Nepalese browntop ER - TY - JOUR TI - Interactions of late-season morningglory (Ipomoea spp.) management practices in peanut (Arachis hypogaea) AU - Lancaster, SH AU - Jordan, DL AU - York, AC AU - Wilcut, JW AU - Brandenburg, RL AU - Monks, DW T2 - WEED TECHNOLOGY AB - Experiments were conducted in North Carolina during 2002 and 2003 to evaluate entireleaf morningglory control by 2,4-DB applied alone or with seven fungicides. In a separate group of experiments, tall morningglory control by 2,4-DB was evaluated when applied in four-way mixtures with the following: the fungicides azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, pyraclostrobin, or tebuconazole; the insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin; and the foliar fertilizer disodium octaborate or the plant growth regulator (PGR) prohexadione calcium plus urea ammonium nitrate. Pyraclostrobin, but not azoxystrobin, boscalid, chlorothalonil, fluazinam, propiconazole plus trifloxystrobin, or tebuconazole, reduced entireleaf morningglory control by 2,4-DB. Mixtures of fungicides, insecticides, and foliar fertilizer/ PGR did not affect tall morningglory control by 2,4-DB. Placing artificial morningglory in the peanut canopy when fungicides were applied did not intercept enough fungicide to increase peanut defoliation by early leaf spot and web blotch or reduce pod yield compared with fungicide applied without artificial morningglory.Nomenclature: 2,4-DB; azoxystrobin; boscalid; chlorothalonil; fluazinam; lambda-cyhalothrin; prohexadione calcium; propiconazole; pyraclostrobin; tebuconazole; trifloxystrobin; entireleaf morningglory, Ipomoea hederacaea var integriuscula Gray #3 IPOHG; tall morningglory, Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth # PHBPU; early leaf spot, Cercospora arachidicola S. Hori; web blotch, Phoma arachidicola (Marsas et al.); peanut, Arachis hypogaea L. ‘NC-V 11’, ‘VA 98R’.Additional index words: Fungicide deposition, pesticide interactions, weed interference.Abbreviations: PGR, plant growth regulator; UAN, urea ammonium nitrate. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1614/WT-04-229R.1 VL - 19 IS - 4 SP - 803-808 SN - 1550-2740 KW - fungicide deposition KW - pesticide interactions KW - weed interference ER - TY - JOUR TI - Interaction of Arabidopsis BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 1 receptor kinase with a homolog of mammalian TGF-beta receptor interacting protein AU - Ehsan, H AU - Ray, WK AU - Phinney, B AU - Wang, XF AU - Huber, SC AU - Clouse, SD T2 - PLANT JOURNAL AB - Brassinosteroids (BRs) regulate multiple aspects of plant growth and development and require an active BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1) receptor serine/threonine kinase for hormone perception and signal transduction. In mammals, the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family of polypeptides modulate numerous aspects of development and are perceived at the cell surface by a complex of type I and type II TGF-beta receptor serine/threonine kinases. TGF-beta receptor interacting protein (TRIP-1) is a cytoplasmic substrate of the TGF-beta type II receptor kinase and plays a role in TGF-beta signaling. TRIP-1 is a WD domain protein that also functions as an essential subunit of the eIF3 eukaryotic translation initiation factor in animals, yeast and plants. We previously cloned putative TRIP-1 homologs from bean and Arabidopsis and found that transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing antisense TRIP-1 RNA exhibited a broad range of developmental defects including some morphological characteristics that resemble the phenotype of BR-deficient and -insensitive mutants. We now show that the BRI1 kinase domain phosphorylates Arabidopsis TRIP-1 on three specific sites in vitro (Thr-14, Thr-89 and either Thr-197 or Ser-198). Co-immunoprecipitation experiments using antibodies against TRIP-1, BRI1 and various fusion proteins strongly suggest that TRIP-1 and BRI1 also interact directly in vivo. These findings support a role for TRIP-1 in the molecular mechanisms of BR-regulated plant growth and development, possibly as a cytoplasmic substrate of the BRI1 receptor kinase. DA - 2005/7// PY - 2005/7// DO - 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2005.02448.x VL - 43 IS - 2 SP - 251-261 SN - 1365-313X KW - brassinosteroids KW - BRI1 KW - BAK1 KW - TRIP-1 KW - receptor kinase KW - TGF-beta ER - TY - JOUR TI - White clover (Trifolium repens) control and flower head suppression in apple orchards AU - MacRae, AW AU - Mitchem, WE AU - Monks, DW AU - Parker, ML T2 - WEED TECHNOLOGY AB - White clover is a weed in apple orchards that competes with the crop; also, flowers of this weed are unwanted attractants of honey bees at times when insecticides, which are harmful to these pollinators, are being applied. In 1997 and 1998, white clover flower head and plant control by clopyralid alone and with 2,4-D and apple tolerance to these herbicides were determined. Treatments consisted of clopyralid at 0.10 and 0.21 kg ae/ha, 2,4-D at 1.1 kg ae/ha, and 2,4-D at 1.1 kg ae/ha plus 0.03 or 0.05 kg ae/ha clopyralid, which were applied 2 wk before full apple bloom and 2 wk after full apple bloom, and a nontreated check. No crop injury occurred with any treatment. All herbicide treatments provided some white clover control and flower head suppression. No differences in white clover bloom reduction were observed through May among treatments containing clopyralid. As summer progressed, the effect of clopyralid rate became more apparent. Clopyralid at 0.21, regardless of application time, provided 99% vegetative control and 100% flower head reduction through July. Clopyralid plus 2,4-D controlled white clover better than 2,4-D alone. However, vegetative control and flower head reduction with clopyralid at reduced rates (0.03 or 0.05 kg ae/ha) plus 2,4-D were not acceptable (76% or less and 78% or less, respectively). Thus, clopyralid at 0.10 and 0.21 kg ae/ha will be necessary for acceptable white clover vegetation control and flower head reduction. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1614/WT-02-024 VL - 19 IS - 2 SP - 219-223 SN - 1550-2740 KW - orchard floor management KW - TRFRE KW - weed control ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) control and seed production after 2,4-DB applied alone and with fungicides or insecticides AU - Lancaster, SH AU - Jordan, DL AU - Spears, JE AU - York, AC AU - Wilcut, JW AU - Monks, DW AU - Batts, RB AU - Brandenburg, RL T2 - WEED TECHNOLOGY AB - Experiments were conducted during 1999, 2002, and 2003 to evaluate sicklepod control by 2,4-DB applied alone or in mixture with selected fungicides and insecticides registered for use in peanut. The fungicides boscalid, chlorothalonil, fluazinam, propiconazole plus trifloxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, or tebuconazole and the insecticides acephate, carbaryl, esfenvalerate, fenpropathrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, methomyl, or indoxacarb applied in mixtures with 2,4-DB did not reduce sicklepod control by 2,4-DB compared with 2,4-DB alone. The fungicide azoxystrobin reduced control in some but not all experiments. Sicklepod control was highest when 2,4-DB was applied before flowering regardless of fungicide treatment. Seed production and germination were reduced when 2,4-DB was applied 81 to 85 d after emergence when sicklepod was flowering. Applying 2,4-DB before flowering and at pod set and pod fill did not affect seed production. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1614/WT-04-227R VL - 19 IS - 2 SP - 451-455 SN - 1550-2740 KW - pesticide interaction ER - TY - JOUR TI - Patterns of variation in alkamides and cichoric acid in roots and aboveground parts of Echinacea purpurea (L.) moench AU - Qu, LP AU - Chen, Y AU - Wang, XP AU - Scalzo, R AU - Davis, JM T2 - HORTSCIENCE AB - We investigated patterns of variation in alkamides and cichoric acid accumulation in the roots and aboveground parts of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench. These phytochemicals were extracted from fresh plant parts with 60% ethanol and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Concentrations of alkamides and cichoric acid were measured on a dry-weight basis (mg·g –1 ). For total alkamides, concentrations among individual plants varied from 5.02 to 27.67 (mean = 14.4%) in roots, from 0.62 to 3.42 (mean = 1.54) in nearly matured seed heads (NMSH), and 0.22 to 5.25 (mean = 0.77) in young tops (about ½ flower heads, ¼ leaves, and ¼ stems). For cichoric acid, concentrations among individual plants varied from 2.65 to 37.52 (mean = 8.95), from 2.03 to 31.58 (mean = 10.9), and from 4.79 to 38.55 (mean = 18.88) in the roots, the NMSH, and the tops, respectively. Dodeca-2E, 4E, 8Z, 10E-tetraenoic acid isobutylamide and dodeca-2E, 4E, 8Z, 10Z-tetraenoic acid isobutylamide (alkamides 8/9) accounted for only 9.5% of the total alkamides in roots, but comprised 87.9% in the NMSH, and 76.6% in the young tops. Correlations of concentrations of alkamides or cichoric acid between those of roots and those of the NMSH were not statistically significant, and either within the roots, the NMSH, and the young tops. However, a significant negative correlation was observed between the concentration of cichoric acid in the roots and in young tops, and a significant positive correlation was observed between total alkamide concentration in the roots and cichoric acid concentration in the young tops. These results may be useful in the genetic improvement of E. purpurea for medicinal use. DA - 2005/8// PY - 2005/8// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.40.5.1239 VL - 40 IS - 5 SP - 1239-1242 SN - 2327-9834 KW - medicinal plants KW - phytochemicals KW - HPLC KW - correlation KW - plant breeding ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mist level influences vapor pressure deficit and gas exchange during rooting of juvenile stem cuttings of loblolly pine AU - LeBude, A. V. AU - Goldfarb, B. AU - Blazich, F. A. AU - Frampton, J. AU - Wise, F. C. T2 - HortScience DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 40 IS - 5 SP - 1448-1456 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Interactions of clethodim and sethoxydim with selected agrichemicals applied to peanut AU - Lancaster, SH AU - Jordan, DL AU - York, AC AU - Wilcut, JW AU - Monks, DW AU - Brandenburg, RL T2 - WEED TECHNOLOGY AB - Experiments were conducted in North Carolina during 2002 and 2003 to evaluate broadleaf signalgrass and large crabgrass control by clethodim and sethoxydim applied in two-, three-, or four-way mixtures with fungicides, insecticides, and foliar fertilizer–plant growth regulator treatments. Broadleaf signalgrass and large crabgrass control by clethodim and sethoxydim was not reduced by the insecticides esfenvalerate, indoxacarb, or lambda-cyhalothrin. The fungicides azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, pyraclostrobin, and tebuconazole reduced large crabgrass control by clethodim or sethoxydim in one or more of three experiments for each herbicide. Disodium octaborate and the plant growth regulator prohexadione calcium plus urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) mixed with clethodim and fungicides improved large crabgrass control in some experiments. In contrast, prohexadione calcium plus UAN and disodium octaborate did not affect broadleaf signalgrass or large crabgrass control by sethoxydim. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1614/WT-04-232R VL - 19 IS - 2 SP - 456-461 SN - 1550-2740 KW - pesticide compatibility KW - pesticide interaction ER - TY - JOUR TI - Influence of selected fungicides on efficacy of clethodim and sethoxydim AU - Lancaster, SH AU - Jordan, DL AU - York, AC AU - Burke, IC AU - Corbin, FT AU - Sheldon, YS AU - Wilcut, JW AU - Monks, DW T2 - WEED TECHNOLOGY AB - Field experiments were conducted to compare large crabgrass control by clethodim or sethoxydim applied alone and with selected fungicides registered for use in peanut. Fluazinam, propiconazole plus trifloxystrobin, or tebuconazole did not affect efficacy of clethodim or sethoxydim. Azoxystrobin, boscalid, chlorothalonil, and pyraclostrobin reduced efficacy of clethodim and sethoxydim in some experiments. Increasing the herbicide rate increased large crabgrass control regardless of the addition of chlorothalonil. In laboratory experiments, 14 C absorption was less when 14 C-clethodim or 14 C-sethoxydim was applied with chlorothalonil. Pyraclostrobin and tebuconazole did not affect absorption of 14 C-clethodim or 14 C-sethoxydim. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1614/WT-04-172R VL - 19 IS - 2 SP - 397-403 SN - 1550-2740 KW - herbicide absorption KW - pesticide interaction ER - TY - JOUR TI - Identification and functional analysis of in vivo phosphorylation sites of the Arabidopsis BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE1 receptor kinase AU - Wang, XF AU - Goshe, MB AU - Soderblom, EJ AU - Phinney, BS AU - Kuchar, JA AU - Li, J AU - Asami, T AU - Yoshida, S AU - Huber, SC AU - Clouse, SD T2 - PLANT CELL AB - Brassinosteroids (BRs) regulate multiple aspects of plant growth and development and require an active BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE1 (BRI1) and BRI1-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE1 (BAK1) for hormone perception and signal transduction. Many animal receptor kinases exhibit ligand-dependent oligomerization followed by autophosphorylation and activation of the intracellular kinase domain. To determine if early events in BR signaling share this mechanism, we used coimmunoprecipitation of epitope-tagged proteins to show that in vivo association of BRI1 and BAK1 was affected by endogenous and exogenous BR levels and that phosphorylation of both BRI1 and BAK1 on Thr residues was BR dependent. Immunoprecipitation of epitope-tagged BRI1 from Arabidopsis thaliana followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) identified S-838, S-858, T-872, and T-880 in the juxtamembrane region, T-982 in the kinase domain, and S-1168 in C-terminal region as in vivo phosphorylation sites of BRI1. MS analysis also strongly suggested that an additional two residues in the juxtamembrane region and three sites in the activation loop of kinase subdomain VII/VIII were phosphorylated in vivo. We also identified four specific BAK1 autophosphorylation sites in vitro using LC/MS/MS. Site-directed mutagenesis of identified and predicted BRI1 phosphorylation sites revealed that the highly conserved activation loop residue T-1049 and either S-1044 or T-1045 were essential for kinase function in vitro and normal BRI1 signaling in planta. Mutations in the juxtamembrane or C-terminal regions had only small observable effects on autophosphorylation and in planta signaling but dramatically affected phosphorylation of a peptide substrate in vitro. These findings are consistent with many aspects of the animal receptor kinase model in which ligand-dependent autophosphorylation of the activation loop generates a functional kinase, whereas phosphorylation of noncatalytic intracellular domains is required for recognition and/or phosphorylation of downstream substrates. DA - 2005/6// PY - 2005/6// DO - 10.1105/tpc.105.031393 VL - 17 IS - 6 SP - 1685-1703 SN - 1532-298X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Candidate gene database and transcript map for peach, a model species for fruit trees AU - Horn, R AU - Lecouls, AC AU - Callahan, A AU - Dandekar, A AU - Garay, L AU - McCord, P AU - Howad, W AU - Chan, H AU - Verde, I AU - Main, D AU - Jung, S AU - Georgi, L AU - Forrest, S AU - Mook, J AU - Zhebentyayeva, T AU - Yu, YS AU - Kim, HR AU - Jesudurai, C AU - Sosinski, B AU - Arus, P AU - Baird, V AU - Parfitt, D AU - Reighard, G AU - Scorza, R AU - Tomkins, J AU - Wing, R AU - Abbott, AG T2 - THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS DA - 2005/5// PY - 2005/5// DO - 10.1007/s00122-005-1968-x VL - 110 IS - 8 SP - 1419-1428 SN - 1432-2242 ER - TY - JOUR TI - 'NC-Sunshine' and 'NC-Stratford' slicing cucumber hybrids AU - Wehner, TC T2 - HORTSCIENCE AB - Four slicing (fresh-market) cucumber inbreds (NC-58, NC-59, NC-62, and NC-63) and two hybrids (‘NC-Stratford’ and ‘NCSunshine’), were developed at North Carolina State University. As with most cucumber cultivars released from N.C. State, ‘NC-Stratford’ and ‘NC-Sunshine’ were named for places around the state. ‘NC-Stratford’ is the F 1 of NC-58 × NC-59, and ‘NC-Sunshine’ is the F 1 of NC-62 × NC-63. The four inbreds have been self-pollinated past the S 12 generation, and were developed from the North Carolina Elite Determinate Slicer (NCEDS) population. The NCEDS population was developed by 1) crossing elite hybrids and inbreds with ‘Spacemaster’ dwarf-determinate inbred in 1983; 2) intercrossing the dwarf-determinate F 2 with dwarf-determinate hybrids and inbreds; and 3) intercrossing the F 1 to form a population for use in recurrent selection. Selection methods were developed that optimized gain for yield and other traits (Wehner, 1989). Selection in the NCEDS population was for fruit shape, and total, marketable and early yield in the spring season, as well as for resistance to foliar fungal diseases in the summer season. The main diseases in the summer were anthracnose [Colletotrichum orbiculare (Berk. and Curt.) Arx] and gummy stem blight [Didymella bryoniae (Auersw.) Rehm]. In addition to yield, earliness, quality and disease resistance, the cucumber families were selected for production of suffi cient seeds to plant the test and intercross plots, rapid seed germination and emergence, rapid vine growth and fl owering, and proper fruit type. DA - 2005/8// PY - 2005/8// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.40.5.1577 VL - 40 IS - 5 SP - 1577-1579 SN - 0018-5345 KW - Cucumis sativus KW - germplasm KW - processing cucumber KW - vegetable breeding ER - TY - JOUR TI - 'NC-Davie' and 'NC-Duplin' pickling cucumber hybrids AU - Wehner, TC T2 - HORTSCIENCE AB - Four pickling (processing) cucumber inbreds (NC-54, NC-55, NC-56, and NC-57) and two pickling cucumber hybrids (‘NCDavie’ and ‘NC-Duplin’), were developed at North Carolina State University. As with most cucumber cultivars released from N.C. State, ‘NC-Davie’ and ‘NC-Duplin’ were named for places around the state. ‘NC-Davie’ is the F 1 of NC-54 × NC-55, and ‘NC-Duplin’ is the F 1 of NC-56 × NC-57. The four inbreds have been self-pollinated past the S 12 generation, and were developed from the North Carolina Elite Determinate Pickling (NCEDP) cucumber population. The NCEDP population was developed by 1) crossing elite hybrids and inbreds with NCSU M 21 dwarf-determinate inbred in 1983; 2) intercrossing the determinate F 2 with determinate hybrids and inbreds; and 3) intercrossing the F 1 to form a population for use in recurrent selection. Selection methods were developed that optimized gain for yield and other traits (Wehner, 1989). Selection in the NCEDP population was for fruit shape, and total, marketable and early yield in the spring season, as well as for resistance to foliar fungal diseases in the summer season. The main diseases in the summer were anthracnose [Colletotrichum orbiculare (Berk. and Curt.) Arx] and gummy stem blight [Didymella bryoniae (Auersw.) Rehm]. In addition to yield, earliness, quality and disease resistance, the cucumber families were selected for production of suffi cient seeds to plant the test and intercross plots, rapid seed germination and emergence, rapid vine growth and fl owering, and proper fruit type. DA - 2005/8// PY - 2005/8// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.40.5.1574 VL - 40 IS - 5 SP - 1574-1576 SN - 0018-5345 KW - Cucumis sativus KW - germplasm KW - processing cucumber KW - vegetable breeding ER - TY - JOUR TI - Stumping height, crown position, and age of parent tree influence rooting of stem cuttings of fraser fir AU - Rosier, C. L. AU - Frampton, J. AU - Goldfarb, B. AU - Wise, F. C. AU - Blazich, F. A. T2 - HortScience DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 40 IS - 3 SP - 771-777 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Securing the food chain: The 2000-04 southeastern US fresh produce food safety train-the-trainer program AU - Osborne, D. J. AU - Sanders, D. C. AU - Ward, D. R. AU - Rushing, J. W. T2 - HortTechnology DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 15 IS - 4 SP - 875-879 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Predicted genetic gains and testing efficiency from two loblolly pine clonal trials AU - Isik, F AU - Goldfarb, B AU - LeBude, A AU - Li, BL AU - McKeand, S T2 - CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH AB - Clonal field trials were established at two sites using rooted cuttings from 450 clones of eight full-sib families of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Height, survival, fusiform rust infection (caused by Cronartium quercuum (Berk) Miyabe ex Shirai f.sp. fusiforme), bole straightness, and diameter were measured after four growing seasons. There were significant differences among full-sib families and among clones within families for all traits studied. Moderately high within-family repeatabilities of clone means (0.50 to 0.75) for growth traits and a very high within-family repeatability of clone means (0.94) for fusiform rust infection were estimated. When the best eight clones were selected regardless of family structure, the volume yield was 52% greater than that of the unimproved seedlings at two sites. Selection of the best two clones from each of four families produced only slightly lower estimated genetic gains than the above scenario. The probability of fusiform rust infection ranged from 0.08 to 0.93 among clones at the South Carolina site. Predicted genetic gain for rust resistance was relatively insensitive to selection intensity, as there were numerous clones with high apparent resistance. The number of ramets per clone necessary to reliably characterize performance on one site was estimated to be between four and six. These results contribute to estimates of the gains available from clonal forestry and will help guide clonal testing and selection programs. Implementation of clonal forestry and cost issues are discussed. DA - 2005/7// PY - 2005/7// DO - 10.1139/X05-064 VL - 35 IS - 7 SP - 1754-1766 SN - 1208-6037 ER - TY - JOUR TI - New sources of resistance to gummy stem blight in watermelon AU - Gusmini, G AU - Song, RH AU - Wehner, TC T2 - CROP SCIENCE AB - Gummy stem blight, caused by Didymella bryoniae (Auersw.) Rehm, is a major disease of watermelon [ Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai]. Plant breeders need sources of resistance that can be incorporated into adapted breeding lines to help control the disease. We tested all the available accessions from the USDA‐ARS watermelon germplasm collection, including C. lanatus var citroides (L.H. Bailey) Mansf., for resistance to gummy stem blight. The experiment was a randomized complete block with 1332 cultigens, two sites (field and greenhouse), two or four replications, and two to six plants per plot. The resistant check was PI 189225 and the susceptible check was ‘Charleston Gray’. PI 279461, PI 482379, PI 254744, PI 526233, PI 482276, PI 271771, PI 164248, PI 244019, PI 296332, and PI 490383 were selected as the most resistant cultigens to be used in future breeding efforts. The most susceptible cultigens were PI 183398, PI 169286, PI 223764, PI 226445, PI 525084, PI 534597, and PI 278041. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.2135/cropsci2005.0582 VL - 45 IS - 2 SP - 582-588 SN - 1435-0653 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Modeling quantitative trait loci and interpretation of models AU - Zeng, ZB AU - Wang, T AU - Zou, W T2 - GENETICS AB - A quantitative genetic model relates the genotypic value of an individual to the alleles at the loci that contribute to the variation in a population in terms of additive, dominance, and epistatic effects. This partition of genetic effects is related to the partition of genetic variance. A number of models have been proposed to describe this relationship: some are based on the orthogonal partition of genetic variance in an equilibrium population. We compare a few representative models and discuss their utility and potential problems for analyzing quantitative trait loci (QTL) in a segregating population. An orthogonal model implies that estimates of the genetic effects are consistent in a full or reduced model in an equilibrium population and are directly related to the partition of the genetic variance in the population. Linkage disequilibrium does not affect the estimation of genetic effects in a full model, but would in a reduced model. Certainly linkage disequilibrium would complicate the detection of QTL and epistasis. Using different models does not influence the detection of QTL and epistasis. However, it does influence the estimation and interpretation of genetic effects. DA - 2005/3// PY - 2005/3// DO - 10.1534/genetics.104.035857 VL - 169 IS - 3 SP - 1711-1725 SN - 0016-6731 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Growth of containerized Atlantic white cedar seedlings as affected by container volume, substrate, fertilizer, and irrigation AU - Derby, S. A. AU - Hinesley, L. E. T2 - HortScience DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 40 IS - 6 SP - 1755-1759 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genotypic variability in staminate flower and pollen grain production of diploid watermelons AU - Stanghellini, M. S. AU - Schultheis, J. R. T2 - HortScience DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 40 IS - 3 SP - 752-755 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genetic architecture of transcript-level variation in differentiating xylem of a eucalyptus hybrid AU - Kirst, M AU - Basten, CJ AU - Myburg, AA AU - Zeng, ZB AU - Sederoff, RR T2 - GENETICS AB - Species diversity may have evolved by differential regulation of a similar set of genes. To analyze and compare the genetic architecture of transcript regulation in different genetic backgrounds of Eucalyptus, microarrays were used to examine variation in mRNA abundance in the differentiating xylem of a E. grandis pseudobackcross population [E. grandis x F(1) hybrid (E. grandis x E. globulus)]. Least-squares mean estimates of transcript levels were generated for 2608 genes in 91 interspecific backcross progeny. The quantitative measurements of variation in transcript abundance for specific genes were mapped as expression QTL (eQTL) in two single-tree genetic linkage maps (F(1) hybrid paternal and E. grandis maternal). EQTL were identified for 1067 genes in the two maps, of which 811 were located in the F(1) hybrid paternal map, and 451 in the E. grandis maternal map. EQTL for 195 genes mapped to both parental maps, the majority of which localized to nonhomologous linkage groups, suggesting trans-regulation by different loci in the two genetic backgrounds. For 821 genes, a single eQTL that explained up to 70% of the transcript-level variation was identified. Hotspots with colocalized eQTL were identified in both maps and typically contained genes associated with specific metabolic and regulatory pathways, suggesting coordinated genetic regulation. DA - 2005/4// PY - 2005/4// DO - 10.1534/genetics.104.039198 VL - 169 IS - 4 SP - 2295-2303 SN - 1943-2631 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evidence for qualitative suppression of red skin color in peach AU - Beckman, T. G. AU - Alcazar, J. R. AU - Sherman, W. B. AU - Werner, D. J. T2 - HortScience DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 40 IS - 3 SP - 523-524 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparison of flurprimidol to ethephon, paclobutrazol, and uniconazole for hyacinth height control AU - Krug, B. A. AU - Whipker, B. E. AU - McCall, I. AU - Dole, J. M. T2 - HortTechnology DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 15 IS - 4 SP - 872-874 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Commercial seed lots exhibit reduced seed dormancy in comparison to wild seed lots of Echinacea purpurea AU - Qu, LP AU - Wang, XP AU - Chen, Y AU - Scalzo, R AU - Widrlechner, MP AU - Davis, JM AU - Hancock, JF T2 - HORTSCIENCE AB - Seed germination patterns were studied in Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench grouped by seed source, one group of seven lots from commercially cultivated populations and a second group of nine lots regenerated from ex situ conserved wild populations. Germination tests were conducted in a growth chamber in light (40 μmol·m –2 ·s –1 ) or darkness at 25 °C for 20 days after soaking the seeds in water for 10 minutes. Except for two seed lots from wild populations, better germination was observed for commercially cultivated populations in light (90% mean among seed lots, ranging from 82% to 95%) and in darkness (88% mean among seed lots, ranging from 82% to 97%) than for wild populations in light (56% mean among seed lots, ranging from 9% to 92%) or in darkness (37% mean among seed lots, ranging from 4% to 78%). No germination difference was measured between treatments in light and darkness in the commercially cultivated populations, but significant differences were noted for treatments among wild populations. These results suggest that repeated cycles of sowing seeds during cultivation without treatments for dormancy release resulted in reduced seed dormancy in E. purpurea . DA - 2005/10// PY - 2005/10// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.40.6.1843 VL - 40 IS - 6 SP - 1843-1845 SN - 2327-9834 KW - medicinal plants KW - seed germination KW - plant selection and breeding ER - TY - JOUR TI - Changes over time in the allelochemical content of ten cultivars of rye (Secale cereale L.) AU - Reberg-Horton, SC AU - Burton, JD AU - Danehower, DA AU - Ma, GY AU - Monks, DW AU - Murphy, JP AU - Ranells, NN AU - Williamson, JD AU - Creamer, NG T2 - JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY DA - 2005/1// PY - 2005/1// DO - 10.1007/s10886-005-0983-3 VL - 31 IS - 1 SP - 179-193 SN - 1573-1561 KW - allelopathy KW - cover crop KW - residue KW - redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) KW - goosegrass (Eleusine indica L. Gaertn.) KW - 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-(2H)benzoxazine-3-one KW - DIBOA KW - maturity KW - phenology KW - rye (Secale cereale L.) ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pathogenic and genetic relatedness among Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. allii and other pathovars of X-axonopodis AU - Gent, DH AU - Al-Saadi, A AU - Gabriel, DW AU - Louws, FJ AU - Ishimaru, CA AU - Schwartz, HF T2 - PHYTOPATHOLOGY AB - ABSTRACT Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. allii is phenotypically and genetically diverse and its relationship to other X. axonopodis pathovars within DNA homology group 9.2 is unknown. In growth chamber experiments, disease symptoms were produced on onion only by inoculation with X. axonopodis pv. allii. Citrus bacterial spot symptoms were induced by X. axonopodis pvs. alfalfae, itrumelo, and allii on Duncan grapefruit and key lime. X. axonopodis pv. allii multiplication and persistence in Duncan grapefruit were equal to those of an aggressive strain of X. axonopodis pv. citrumelo, but populations of X. axonopodis pvs. alfalfae, betlicola, citrumelo, phaseoli, and vesicatoria were 1.3 to 4.0 log units less than X. axonopodis pv. allii in onion. Genomic fingerprinting by repetitive sequence- based polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that X. axonopodis pvs. allii, alfalfae, and citrumelo are distinct from other Xanthomonas species and X. axonopodis pathovars, but these pathovars were indistinguishable from each other. Three genotype groups were apparent among DNA homology group 9.2 strains, and generally correspond to the aggressiveness and genotype groups previously described for X. axonopodis pv. citrumelo. X. axonopodis pvs. allii, alfalfae, and citrumelo appear to have recently diverged from a common ancestral strain. DA - 2005/8// PY - 2005/8// DO - 10.1094/PHYTO-95-0918 VL - 95 IS - 8 SP - 918-925 SN - 1943-7684 KW - Allium cepa KW - citrus canker KW - Citrus aurantifolia KW - C. paradisi KW - Xanthomonas campestris pv. allii KW - X. campestris pv. citri E ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nicotine exposure and decontamination on tobacco harvesters' hands AU - Curwin, BD AU - Hein, MJ AU - Sanderson, WT AU - Nishioka, MG AU - Buhler, W T2 - ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE AB - Green tobacco sickness is an illness associated with nicotine exposures among tobacco harvesters. Agricultural workers manually harvest tobacco and thus have the potential for skin exposure to nicotine, particularly on the hands. Often gloves are not worn as it hinders the harvesters' ability to harvest the tobacco leaves. The purposes of this study were to measure the concentration of nicotine residue on the hands of tobacco harvesters and the effectiveness of hand washing at removing the residue. Wipe samples from the hands of 12 tobacco harvesters were collected at the end of morning and afternoon work periods over two consecutive days. Each harvester had one hand wiped before washing his hands, and the other hand wiped after washing his hands with soap and water. Eight samples per worker were collected over the two days for a total of 96 samples collected. In addition to the hand-wipe samples, leaf-wipe samples were collected from 15 tobacco plants to estimate the amount of nicotine residue on the plants. The average nicotine level in leaf-wipe samples was 1.0 μg cm−2. The geometric mean pre-wash and post-wash nicotine levels on the hands were 10 and 0.38 μg cm−2, respectively. Nicotine leaf-wipe level, right or left hand and time of sampling did not significantly influence exposure. Job position—working on the bottom versus the top of the tobacco harvesting machine—was associated with nicotine levels. Pre-wash nicotine levels were higher for workers on the bottom of the harvester but not significantly higher (P = 0.17). Post-wash nicotine levels were significantly higher for workers on the bottom of the harvester (P = 0.012). A substantial amount of nicotine was transferred to the hands, but washing with soap and water in the field significantly reduced nicotine levels by an average of 96% (P < 0.0001). DA - 2005/7// PY - 2005/7// DO - 10.1093/annhyg/meh112 VL - 49 IS - 5 SP - 407-413 SN - 0003-4878 KW - green tobacco sickness KW - hand exposure KW - hand washing KW - nicotine KW - tobacco harvester ER - TY - JOUR TI - Modeling and predicting complex space-time structures and patterns of coastal wind fields AU - Fuentes, M AU - Chen, L AU - Davis, JM AU - Lackmann, GM T2 - ENVIRONMETRICS AB - Abstract A statistical technique is developed for wind field mapping that can be used to improve either the assimilation of surface wind observations into a model initial field or the accuracy of post‐processing algorithms run on meteorological model output. The observed wind field at any particular location is treated as a function of the true (but unknown) wind and measurement error. The wind field from numerical weather prediction models is treated as a function of a linear and multiplicative bias and a term which represents random deviations with respect to the true wind process. A Bayesian approach is taken to provide information about the true underlying wind field, which is modeled as a stochastic process with a non‐stationary and non‐separable covariance. The method is applied to forecast wind fields from a widely used mesoscale numerical weather prediction (NWP) model (MM5). The statistical model tests are carried out for the wind speed over the Chesapeake Bay and the surrounding region for 21 July 2002. Coastal wind observations that have not been used in the MM5 initial conditions or forecasts are used in conjunction with the MM5 forecast wind field (valid at the same time that the observations were available) in a post‐processing technique that combined these two sources of information to predict the true wind field. Based on the mean square error, this procedure provides a substantial correction to the MM5 wind field forecast over the Chesapeake Bay region. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. DA - 2005/8// PY - 2005/8// DO - 10.1002/env.714 VL - 16 IS - 5 SP - 449-464 SN - 1099-095X KW - Bayesian inference KW - Fourier transform KW - geostatistics KW - meteorological mesoscale model (MM5) KW - non-separable models KW - non-stationary models KW - wind fields ER - TY - JOUR TI - Matrix attachment regions and regulated transcription increase and stabilize transgene expression AU - Abranches, R AU - Shultz, RW AU - Thompson, WF AU - Allen, GC T2 - PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL AB - Transgene silencing has been shown to be associated with strong promoters, but it is not known whether the propensity for silencing is caused by the level of transcription, or some other property of the promoter. If transcriptional activity fosters silencing, then transgenes with inducible promoters may be less susceptible to silencing. To test this idea, a doxycycline-inducible luciferase transgene was transformed into an NT1 tobacco suspension culture cell line that constitutively expressed the tetracycline repressor. The inducible luciferase gene was flanked by tobacco Rb7 matrix attachment regions (MAR) or spacer control sequences in order to test the effects of MARs in conjunction with regulated transcription. Transformed lines were grown under continuous doxycycline (CI), or delayed doxycycline induction (DI) conditions. Delayed induction resulted in higher luciferase expression initially, but continued growth in the presence of doxycycline resulted in a reduction of expression to levels similar to those found in continuously induced lines. In both DI and CI treatments, the Rb7 MAR significantly reduced the percentage of silenced lines and increased transgene expression levels. These data demonstrate that active transcription increases silencing, especially in the absence of the Rb7 MAR. Importantly, the Rb7 MAR lines showed higher expression levels under both CI and DI conditions and avoided silencing that may occur in the absence of active transcription such as what would be expected as a result of condensed chromatin spreading. DA - 2005/9// PY - 2005/9// DO - 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2005.00144.x VL - 3 IS - 5 SP - 535-543 SN - 1467-7644 KW - PTGS KW - TGS KW - RNAi KW - MARs KW - transgene expression KW - induction ER - TY - JOUR TI - Variability in the composition of anti-oxidant compounds in Echinacea species by HPLC AU - Pellati, F AU - Benvenuti, S AU - Melegari, M AU - Lasseigne, T T2 - PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AB - A fast and reliable HPLC method for the determination of caffeic acid derivatives (caftaric acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, cynarin, echinacoside and cichoric acid) in various species of the genus Echinacea has been developed. Extraction of root samples by magnetic stirring with 80% methanol aqueous solution at room temperature allowed the complete recovery of all compounds of interest. Root extracts were analysed on a reversed-phase column with gradient elution and photodiode array detection. Caffeic acid derivatives showed differential qualitative and quantitative distributions in Echinacea species. The total amount of phenolic compounds ranged from 33.95 to 0.32 mg[sol ]g. The highest contents of caffeic acid derivatives were found in E. paradoxa var. paradoxa, E. paradoxa var. neglecta and E. purpurea, followed by E. angustifolia var. angustifolia, E. simulata, E. pallida and E. laevigata, whilst E. tennesseensis, E. sanguinea and E. atrorubens had low amounts of phenolic compounds. The radical scavenging activities of methanolic extracts of roots of Echinacea species was evaluated in vitro using the DPPH• radical scavenging method. The EC50 values of the samples ranged from 122 to 1223 µg[sol ]mL. The radical scavenging activities of the root extracts were correlated with the content of phenolic compounds, with a correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.923. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1002/pca.815 VL - 16 IS - 2 SP - 77-85 SN - 1099-1565 KW - RP-HPLC KW - radical scavenger assay KW - DPPH center dot KW - caffeic acid derivatives KW - Echinacea species ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fabrication of wafer scale, aligned sub-25 nm nanowire and nanowire templates using planar edge defined alternate layer process AU - Sonkusale, , SR AU - Amsinck, CJ AU - Nackashi, DP AU - Di Spigna, NH AU - Barlage, D AU - Johnson, M AU - Franzon, PD T2 - PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES AB - We have demonstrated a new planar edge defined alternate layer (PEDAL) process to make sub-25 nm nanowires across the whole wafer. The PEDAL process is useful in the fabrication of metal nanowires directly onto the wafer by shadow metallization and has the ability to fabricate sub-10 nm nanowires with 20 nm pitch. The process can also be used to make templates for the nano-imprinting with which the crossbar structures can be fabricated. The process involves defining the edge by etching a trench patterned by conventional i-line lithography, followed by deposition of alternating layers of silicon nitride and crystallized a-Si. The thickness of these layers determines the width and spacing of the nanowires. Later the stack is planarized to the edge of the trench by spinning polymer Shipley 1813 and then dry etching the polymer, nitride and polysilicon stack with non-selective RIE etch recipe. Selective wet etch of either nitride or polysilicon gives us the array of an aligned nanowires template. After shadow metallization of the required metal, we get metal nanowires on the wafer. The process has the flexibility of routing the nanowires around the logic and memory modules all across the wafer. The fabrication facilities required for the process are readily available and this process provides the great alternative to existing slow and/or costly nanowire patterning techniques. DA - 2005/7// PY - 2005/7// DO - 10.1016/j.physe.2005.01.010 VL - 28 IS - 2 SP - 107-114 SN - 1873-1759 KW - nanowire KW - nanoimprinting KW - mold KW - template KW - interconnects KW - nanotechnology ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of moderately elevated temperature stress on the timing of pollen release and its germination in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) AU - Sato, S AU - Peet, MM T2 - JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE & BIOTECHNOLOGY AB - SummaryUnder the increasing threat of global warming to horticultural crop production, research on moderately elevated temperature stress in relation to plant productivity becomes important and urgent. Two tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars, ‘NC 8288’ (a high temperature-susceptible cultivar) and ‘FLA 7156’ (a high temperature-tolerant cultivar) were exposed to a moderate level of high temperature stress. Reproductive development (i.e. pollen production, germination and release) in relation to anthesis, was examined under 28°/22°C and 32°/26°C day/night temperatures, respectively. High temperature stress reduced the number of pollen grains released, but not the timing of pollen release. Reductions in pollen release and germination were observed in both tolerant and susceptible cultivars; however, the magnitude of the reduction was larger in the susceptible cultivar. Furthermore, pollen grains retained in the anthers exhibited extremely poor germination. These results suggest that the pollen release mechanism and the quality of the pollen grain are closely related. Possible adverse effects of global warming on tomato productivity, and a potential breeding strategy for high temperature tolerant tomato lines are discussed. DA - 2005/1// PY - 2005/1// DO - 10.1080/14620316.2005.11511885 VL - 80 IS - 1 SP - 23-28 SN - 1462-0316 ER - TY - JOUR TI - An engineered virus as a scaffold for three-dimensional self-assembly on the nanoscale AU - Blum, AS AU - Soto, CM AU - Wilson, CD AU - Brower, TL AU - Pollack, SK AU - Schull, TL AU - Chatterji, A AU - Lin, TW AU - Johnson, JE AU - Amsinck, C AU - Franzon, P AU - Shashidhar, R AU - Ratna, BR T2 - SMALL AB - Exquisite control over positioning nanoscale components on a protein scaffold allows bottom-up self-assembly of nanodevices. Using cowpea mosaic virus, modified to express cysteine residues on the capsid exterior, gold nanoparticles were attached to the viral scaffold to produce specific interparticle distances (see picture). The nanoparticles were then interconnected using thiol-terminated conjugated organic molecules that act as “molecular wires”, resulting in a 3D spherical conductive network, which is only 30 nm in diameter. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2421/2005/z500021_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article. DA - 2005/7// PY - 2005/7// DO - 10.1002/smll.200500021 VL - 1 IS - 7 SP - 702-706 SN - 1613-6810 KW - molecular electronics KW - nanotechnology KW - protein engineering KW - self-assembly KW - viruses ER - TY - JOUR TI - Resistance to fire blight among flowering pears and quince AU - Bell, A. C. AU - Ranney, T. G. AU - Eaker, T. A. AU - Sutton, T. B. T2 - HortScience DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 40 IS - 2 SP - 413-415 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Biological control of bacterial spot of tomato under field conditions at several locations in North America AU - Byrne, JM AU - Dianese, AC AU - Ji, P AU - Campbell, HL AU - Cuppels, DA AU - Louws, FJ AU - Miller, SA AU - Jones, JB AU - Wilson, M T2 - BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AB - Following the relatively successful biological control of bacterial speck of tomato under field conditions at several locations (Phytopathology 92 (2002) 1284), similar selection and testing strategies were employed in an effort to isolate an effective biological control agent for bacterial spot of tomato. Fifty potential biological control agents were isolated from tomato foliage in Alabama (AL) and Florida (FL) and tested under greenhouse conditions in AL for the ability to reduce the foliar severity of bacterial spot of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), which is caused by either Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria or Xanthomonas vesicatoria. Three pseudomonads that provided protection against bacterial speck also were included in the tests. The strains which were most efficacious (i.e., high mean percentage reduction) and consistent (i.e., low standard deviation) in reducing bacterial spot severity in repeated greenhouse experiments were selected for field experiments conducted over the period 1996–1998. Among these strains were Cellulomonas turbata BT1, which provided the highest mean reduction in disease severity [45.2% (SD = 21.0)], and Pseudomonas syringae Cit7 [36.4% (SD = 12.2)], which was the most consistent. Field experiments were conducted in Shorter, AL; Bradenton and Sanford, FL; Clinton, North Carolina; Wooster, Ohio; and London, Ontario, Canada. The highest mean reductions in severity of bacterial spot on foliage, averaged across all locations, were provided by P. syringae Cit7 [28.9% (SD = 11.6)] and Pseudomonas putida B56 [23.1% (SD = 7.4)]. The efficacy and consistency of P. syringae Cit7 against bacterial spot were very similar to those achieved against bacterial speck [28.3% (SD = 12.7)] (Phytopathology 92 (2002) 1284). Unfortunately, neither the bacterial strains nor the standard copper bactericides consistently reduced disease incidence on fruit. DA - 2005/3// PY - 2005/3// DO - 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2004.12.001 VL - 32 IS - 3 SP - 408-418 SN - 1090-2112 KW - Pseudomonas fluorescens KW - Pseudomonas putida KW - Pseudomonas syringae KW - Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria KW - Xanthomonas vesicatoria KW - bacterial spot KW - biological control KW - BlightBan A506 KW - tomato KW - Lycopersicon esculentum ER - TY - JOUR TI - QTL mapping and the genetic basis of adaptation: recent developments AU - Zeng, ZB T2 - GENETICA DA - 2005/2// PY - 2005/2// DO - 10.1007/s10709-004-2705-0 VL - 123 IS - 1-2 SP - 25-37 SN - 1573-6857 KW - genetic architecture KW - genetic basis of adaptation KW - genetic correlation KW - genotype by environment interaction KW - microarrays KW - QTL mapping KW - quantitative trait loci ER - TY - JOUR TI - Gas chromatographic method for the analysis of allelopathic natural products in rye (Secale cereale L.) AU - Finney, MM AU - Danehower, DA AU - Burton, JD T2 - JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A AB - Accurate and reproducible methods for the analysis of plant allelochemicals are a requirement for the study of chemical interactions between plants. This paper describes a method for sample preparation and quantitative analysis of the allelopathic chemical content of rye (Secale cereale L.) using gas chromatography (GC). Sample preparation consists of extraction of freeze-dried rye vegetative tissue with aqueous ethanol followed by partitioning of the allelochemicals into ethyl acetate, evaporation, and derivatization using the trimethylsilylating reagent N-methyl-N-trimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide. GC analysis of the silylated mixture was performed using flame ionization detection. This method permits analysis of all known rye allelopathic agents including 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one, its corresponding glucoside, 2-benzoxazolinone, β-hydroxybutyric acid, and β-phenyllactic acid. Identities of all compounds were confirmed by GC/MS analysis. DA - 2005/2/25/ PY - 2005/2/25/ DO - 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.01.050 VL - 1066 IS - 1-2 SP - 249-253 SN - 1873-3778 KW - benzoxazinones KW - DIBOA KW - DIBOA-glucoside KW - BOA KW - phenyllactic acid KW - hydroxybutyric acid KW - GC KW - allelopathy KW - hydroxamic acids KW - allelochemicals KW - rye KW - Secale cercale ER - TY - JOUR TI - Soilless root substrate pH measurement technique for titration AU - Rippy, J. F. M. AU - Nelson, P. V. T2 - HortScience DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 40 IS - 1 SP - 201-204 ER - TY - JOUR TI - More plant per gallon: Getting more out of your water AU - Warren, S. L. AU - Bilderback, T. E. T2 - HortTechnology DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 15 IS - 1 SP - 14-18 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Scaling constraints in nanoelectronic random-access memories AU - Amsinck, CJ AU - Di Spigna, NH AU - Nackashi, DP AU - Franzon, PD T2 - NANOTECHNOLOGY AB - Nanoelectronic molecular and magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) MRAM crossbar memory systems have the potential to present significant area advantages (4 to 6F(2)) compared to CMOS-based systems. The scalability of these conductivity-switched RAM arrays is examined by establishing criteria for correct functionality based on the readout margin. Using a combined circuit theoretical modelling and simulation approach, the impact of both the device and interconnect architecture on the scalability of a conductivity-state memory system is quantified. This establishes criteria showing the conditions and on/off ratios for the large-scale integration of molecular devices, guiding molecular device design. With 10% readout margin on the resistive load, a memory device needs to have an on/off ratio of at least 7 to be integrated into a 64 x 64 array, while an on/off ratio of 43 is necessary to scale the memory to 512 x 512. DA - 2005/10// PY - 2005/10// DO - 10.1088/0957-4484/16/10/047 VL - 16 IS - 10 SP - 2251-2260 SN - 1361-6528 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ace of Hearts and Little Woody redbuds AU - Fantz, P. R. AU - Woody, P. T2 - HortScience DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 40 IS - 7 SP - 2209-2210 ER - TY - PAT TI - Strawberry plant named 'Bish' AU - Ballington, J. R. C2 - 2005/// DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mixture model equations for marker-assisted genetic evaluation AU - Liu, Y AU - Zeng, ZB T2 - JOURNAL OF ANIMAL BREEDING AND GENETICS AB - Summary Marker‐assisted genetic evaluation needs to infer genotypes at quantitative trait loci (QTL) based on the information of linked markers. As the inference usually provides the probability distribution of QTL genotypes rather than a specific genotype, marker‐assisted genetic evaluation is characterized by the mixture model because of the uncertainty of QTL genotypes. It is, therefore, necessary to develop a statistical procedure useful for mixture model analyses. In this study, a set of mixture model equations was derived based on the normal mixture model and the EM algorithm for evaluating linear models with uncertain independent variables. The derived equations can be seen as an extension of Henderson's mixed model equations to mixture models and provide a general framework to deal with the issues of uncertain incidence matrices in linear models. The mixture model equations were applied to marker‐assisted genetic evaluation with different parameterizations of QTL effects. A sire‐QTL‐effect model and a founder‐QTL‐effect model were used to illustrate the application of the mixture model equations. The potential advantages of the mixture model equations for marker‐assisted genetic evaluation were discussed. The mixed‐effect mixture model equations are flexible in modelling QTL effects and show desirable properties in estimating QTL effects, compared with Henderson's mixed model equations. DA - 2005/8// PY - 2005/8// DO - 10.1111/j.1439-0388.2005.00525.x VL - 122 IS - 4 SP - 229-239 SN - 1439-0388 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genetic interactions of pillar and weeping peach genotypes AU - Werner, D. J. AU - Chaparro, J. X. T2 - HortScience DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 40 IS - 1 SP - 18-20 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Foundations of yield improvement in watermelon (vol 45, pg 141, 2003) AU - Gusmini, G AU - Wehner, TC T2 - CROP SCIENCE AB - Crop ScienceVolume 45, Issue 2 p. 810-810 Erratum Foundations of Yield Improvement in Watermelon Gabriele Gusmini, Gabriele Gusmini Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7609, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7609Search for more papers by this authorTodd C. Wehner, Corresponding Author Todd C. Wehner [email protected] Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7609, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7609Corresponding author ([email protected])Search for more papers by this author Gabriele Gusmini, Gabriele Gusmini Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7609, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7609Search for more papers by this authorTodd C. Wehner, Corresponding Author Todd C. Wehner [email protected] Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7609, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7609Corresponding author ([email protected])Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 March 2005 https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2005.0810Citations: 12Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume45, Issue2March–April 2005Pages 810-810 RelatedInformation DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.2135/cropsci2005.0810 VL - 45 IS - 2 SP - 810-810 SN - 1435-0653 ER -