TY - RPRT TI - Study on morphological characteristics of wheat, oil seed rape, onion, broad leaf mustard and radish varieties, 1994/95 AU - Panthee, D.R. A3 - Lumle Agricultural Research Center DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// M1 - 95/44 M3 - LARC Working Paper PB - Lumle Agricultural Research Center SN - 95/44 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Change in seed quality under farmers' seed storage system AU - Panthee, D.R. A3 - Lumle Agricultural Research Center DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// M1 - 95/22 M3 - LARC Working Paper PB - Lumle Agricultural Research Center SN - 95/22 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Dormancy behavior of radish, broad leaf mustard, cress and cauliflower seeds AU - Panthee, D.R. A3 - Lumle Agricultural Research Center DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// M1 - 95/20 M3 - LARC Working Paper PB - Lumle Agricultural Research Center SN - 95/20 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Effect of post-harvest operations on onion seeds viability AU - Panthee, D.R. A3 - Lumle Agricultural Research Center DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// M1 - 95/16 M3 - LARC Working Paper PB - Lumle Agricultural Research Center SN - 95/16 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Constraints and potentialities of vegetable seed privatization in Nepal AU - Panthee, D.R. AU - Lohar, D.P. AU - Shreshtha, P.K. AU - Subedi, P.P. A3 - Lumle Agricultural Research Center DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// M1 - 95/7 M3 - LARC Seminar Paper PB - Lumle Agricultural Research Center SN - 95/7 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Seed production, quality control, and marketing and distribution system in Nepal AU - Panthee, D.R. A3 - Lumle Agricultural Research Center DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// M1 - 95/1 M3 - LARC Review Paper PB - Lumle Agricultural Research Center SN - 95/1 ER - TY - CHAP TI - The Status of Turfgrass Insect Pests in the United States AU - Gibb, T. AU - Buhler, W. T2 - Handbook of Turfgrass Insect Pests A2 - Brandenburg, R.L. A2 - Villani, M.G. PY - 1995/// SP - 7–8 PB - Entomological Society of America SN - 9780938522522 ER - TY - CONF TI - High temperature stress effects on fertility in tomatoes: pollen vs ovule limitations AU - Peet, M.M. AU - Gardner, R.G. AU - Bartholomew, M. T2 - Tomato Breeders' Roundtable C2 - 1995/// CY - Davis, California DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/9/12/ ER - TY - CONF TI - High temperature stress effects on fertility in tomatoes: pollen vs. ovule limitations AU - Peet, M.M. AU - Willits, D.H. AU - Bartholomew, M. C2 - 1995/// C3 - Plant Physiology DA - 1995/// VL - 108 SP - 20 M1 - 2 PB - American Society of Plant Physiologists ER - TY - RPRT TI - Fruit production under high temperature stress: Creation of a response surface in male-sterile tomatoes for post-pollen production processes AU - Peet, M.M. AU - Sato, S. A3 - NC State University DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// M3 - Phytotron Annual Report PB - NC State University ER - TY - RPRT TI - How to hire a tree expert. AU - Bradley, L.K. A3 - The University of Arizona Cooperative Extension DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// M1 - AZ1003 PB - The University of Arizona Cooperative Extension SN - AZ1003 UR - https://extension.arizona.edu/sites/extension.arizona.edu/files/pubs/az1003.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Differentiation of Genomic Structure by rep-PCR Fingerprinting to Rapidly ClassifyXanthomonas campestrispv.vesicatoria AU - Louws, Frank J. T2 - Phytopathology AB - DNA primers corresponding to repetitive extragenic sequences (repetitive extragenic palindromic [REP], enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus [ERIC], and BOX element [BOXIA] sequences) and polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) were used to generate complex fingerprint patterns that identified four distinct genotypes among strains classified as Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. After agarose gel electrophoresis, these genotypes were easily differentiated from each other by comparing the migration rates of 60 or more bands generated with rep-PCR. Representative strains of each genotype were pathogenic to tomato and/or pepper. We performed rep-PCR on numerous strains that have been included in previous studies, and our observations using the simple, rapid procedure of rep-PCR were consistent with the polyphasic approaches published by others. The majority of strains belonged to two previously described groups, A and B. Group A strains originated from tomato or pepper. Most of these strains proved to be negative in starch hydrolysis and pectolytic activity tests. All group A strains were relatively homogeneous with regard to their rep-PCR fingerprint patterns. Group B strains originated primarily from tomato and were positive for starch hydrolysis and pectolytic activity. Numerous rep-PCR fingerprint polymorphisms distinguished six patterns or lineages in group B. Group B strains comprised an important component of the tomato spot complex in the Northcentral tomato production region of North America. Three strains comprised two additional genotypes and were clear outliers compared to strains classified as group A or B. Interestingly, based on rep-PCR genomic fingerprint patterns, two of the nongroup A/B strains shared numerous bands of similar mobility with strains pathogenic for cabbage, classified as X. c. pv. campestris, suggesting that these two solanaceous strains are closely related to the cabbage pathogen DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// DO - 10.1094/phyto-85-528 VL - 85 IS - 5 SP - 528 KW - BACTERIAL SPOT KW - GENETIC DIVERSITY KW - INTEGRATED DISEASE MANAGEMENT KW - POPULATION STRUCTURE KW - STRAIN IDENTIFICATION ER - TY - JOUR TI - A method for mechanically killing cover crops to optimize weed suppression AU - Creamer, N.G. AU - Plassman, B. AU - Bennett, M.A. AU - Wood, R.K. AU - Stinner, B.R. AU - Cardina, J. T2 - American Journal of Alternative Agriculture AB - Abstract Residues of dead cover crops can suppress weeds by providing a mulch on the soil surface. The cover crop usually is killed with herbicides, but a mechanical method is desirable in systems intended to reduce chemical use. We designed and built an undercutter to kill cover crops by severing their roots while flattening the intact aboveground biomass on the surface of raised beds. We studied which cover crop species could be killed with the undercutter and compared the weed control potential of cover crop residues after flail mowing, sicklebar mowing, and undercutting. Whether a species was killed by the undercutter depended primarily on growth stage. Species that were in mid- to late bloom or beyond, including rye, hairy vetch, bigflower vetch, crimson clover, barley, and subterranean clover, were easily killed by undercutting. There were no differences in dry weights of broadleaf weeds between the undercut and simulated sicklebar mowed treatments, both of which had less weed biomass than the clean-tilled or flail-mowed plots. DA - 1995/12// PY - 1995/12// DO - 10.1017/S0889189300006408 VL - 10 IS - 4 SP - 157-162 J2 - Am J Alt Ag LA - en OP - SN - 0889-1893 1478-5498 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0889189300006408 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Greenhouse, Detached-leaf, and Field Testing Methods to Determine Cucumber Resistance to Gummy Stem Blight AU - Amand, Paul C. St. AU - Wehner, Todd C. T2 - Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science AB - The effects of leaf age, guttation, stomata and hydathode characteristics, and wounding on the symptom development of gummy stem blight [Didymella bryoniae (Auersw.) Rehm] of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) were studied to develop a useful germplasm screening method. Older cucumber leaves were more susceptible than younger leaves in field, greenhouse, and detached-leaf tests. Compared to seedlings with true leaves, seedlings at the cotyledon stage were less susceptible, had a smaller variance for ratings, and were more likely to escape infection. Stomata density and hydathode counts were not correlated with field ratings; but, stomata length on older leaves was highly correlated with susceptibility y. In greenhouse and field tests, susceptibility y increased as guttation increased and actively guttating plants were more susceptible than nonguttating plants. Phylloplane moisture and/or nutrition were more important in the infection process than was stomata] opening. Although important, guttation was not necessary for infection. Dawn inoculation of field or greenhouse tests increased leaf symptoms compared with dusk inoculation. The increase was likely due to the free water and nutrients provided by guttation. Genotype ranks and ratings for detached-leaf tests were not correlated with field results. A useful method, highly correlated (r = 0.82 to 0.96) with field ratings. for screening germplasm in the greenhouse was developed. DA - 1995/7// PY - 1995/7// DO - 10.21273/jashs.120.4.673 VL - 120 IS - 4 SP - 673-680 OP - SN - 0003-1062 2327-9788 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.120.4.673 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mapping of body weight loci on mouse Chromosome X AU - Dragani, T. A. AU - Zeng, Z.-B. AU - Canzian, F. AU - Gariboldi, M. AU - Ghilarducci, M. T. AU - Manenti, G. AU - Pierotti, M. A. T2 - Mammalian Genome DA - 1995/11// PY - 1995/11// DO - 10.1007/bf00539002 VL - 6 IS - 11 SP - 778-781 J2 - Mammalian Genome LA - en OP - SN - 0938-8990 1432-1777 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00539002 DB - Crossref ER - TY - RPRT TI - Municipal solid waste landfill regulations in North Carolina. AU - Sherman, R. A3 - NC State Cooperative Extension DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// M1 - AG‐473‐16 PB - NC State Cooperative Extension SN - AG‐473‐16 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of medium physical support, shoot length and genotype on ​in vitro​ rooting and plantlet morphology of sweetgum AU - Lin, X. AU - Bergmann, B.A. AU - Stomp, A.­M. T2 - J Environ Hort DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// VL - 13 IS - 3 SP - 117-121 UR - http://www.hrijournal.org/doi/abs/10.24266/0738-2898-13.3.117 ER - TY - CONF TI - Propagation of Quercus phillyreoides by stem cuttings AU - McGuigan, P.J. AU - Blazich, F.A. AU - Ranney, T.G. C2 - 1995/// C3 - Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 40th Annual Report DA - 1995/// SP - 272–273 ER - TY - JOUR TI - North Carolina urban tree evaluation program AU - Ranney, T.G. AU - Bir, R.E. T2 - Landscape Plant News DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// VL - 6 SP - 9–10 ER - TY - CONF TI - No-spray rose trial AU - Bir, R.E. AU - Ranney, T.G. AU - Jones, R.K. AU - Shelton, J.E. C2 - 1995/// C3 - Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 40th Annual Report DA - 1995/// SP - 320–322 ER - TY - CONF TI - Natural resistance to eastern tent caterpillar among rosaceous trees AU - Ranney, T.G. AU - Walgenbach, J.F. AU - Burton, J.D. AU - Maness, E.P. AU - Pharr, D.M. C2 - 1995/// C3 - Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 40th Annual Report DA - 1995/// SP - 201–204 ER - TY - CONF TI - Flood tolerant hollies: Qualifiers for quagmires AU - Ruth, C.D. AU - Ranney, T.G. AU - Whitman, E.P. C2 - 1995/// C3 - Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 40th Annual Report DA - 1995/// SP - 77–80 ER - TY - CONF TI - Efficacy of naturally occurring feeding deterrents endogenous to rosaceous trees on Japanese beetle AU - Patton, C.A. AU - Ranney, T.G. AU - Burton, J.D. AU - Walgenbach, J.F. C2 - 1995/// C3 - Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 40th Annual Report DA - 1995/// SP - 191–193 ER - TY - CONF TI - Effects of copper hydroxide-treated containers and water-reservoir containers on root and shoot growth of four tree species AU - Ranney, T.G. AU - Whitman, II, E.P. AU - Bir, R.E. C2 - 1995/// C3 - Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 40th Annual Report DA - 1995/// SP - 122–124 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Tierra Buena: Creating an urban wildlife habitat in an elementary school in the inner city. AU - Bradley, L. K. T2 - Children?s Environments: Theory, Research, Policy and Applications DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// VL - 12 IS - 2 SP - 245-249 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Reducing commercial and industrial solid waste for community solid waste managers: Trainer's guide AU - Sherman, R. DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// PB - Morgantown, VA: National Environmental Training Center for Small Communities ER - TY - BOOK TI - Reducing commercial and industrial solid waste for community solid waste managers: Participant materials (Rev. 1995) AU - Sherman, R. DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// PB - Morgantown, VA: National Environmental Training Center for Small Communities ER - TY - BOOK TI - Municipal solid waste landfill regulations in North Carolina AU - Sherman, R. DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// PB - Raleigh, NC: Cooperative Extension Service ER - TY - JOUR TI - Respiratory changes during dormancy breaking of apple trees AU - Young, E AU - Dautlick, TK AU - Belding, RD T2 - DORMANCY AND THE RELATED PROBLEMS OF DECIDUOUS FRUIT TREES DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.1995.395.2 IS - 395 SP - 21-33 SN - 0567-7572 KW - Malus domestica (Borkh.) KW - endodormancy KW - ecodormancy KW - chilling requirement ER - TY - JOUR TI - Estimation of genetic variance of starch digestibility in sweetpotato AU - Zhang, D. P. AU - Collins, W. W. AU - Andrade, M. T2 - HortScience DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// VL - 30 IS - 2 SP - 348 ER - TY - JOUR TI - ANTHRACNOSE RESISTANCE OF THE CUCUMBER GERMPLASM COLLECTION IN NORTH-CAROLINA FIELD-TESTS AU - WEHNER, TC AU - STAMAND, PC T2 - CROP SCIENCE AB - The resistance of the entire cucumber ( Cucurnis sativus L.) germplasm collection within the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System and of many available cultigens (improved cultivars, breeding lines, land races, feral cucumbers, and plant introductions) to anthracnose [ Colletotrichum orbiculare (Berk. and Mont.) Arx] was tested under field conditions in North Carolina and compared with known resistant cultigens. Mean anthracnose leaf ratings for environments ranged from 5.5 to 7.7. Data within an environment were standardized to a mean of 4.5 and a standard deviation of 1 to improve comparisons among cultigens by removing the main effect of environments. The moot resistant 27 cultigens are all of U.S. origin and are improved cultivars or breeding lines. The most resistant cultigens, for which multiple environment data are available, were ‘Dual’, ‘Regal’, ‘Slice’, and Gy 3. The most susceptible cultigens, for which multiplenvironment data are available, were PI 390248, PI 251028, and PI 277741. Thirty‐one cultigens were classified resistant, 100 moderately resistant, and 773 susceptible. No plant introductions were found to be more resistant than the most resistant named cultivars or breeding lines tested. Cultigens found to be resistant in other studies were generally moderately resistant or resistant in this study, except for PI 179676 and PI 183445, which were susceptible in this test. DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// DO - 10.2135/cropsci1995.0011183X003500010042x VL - 35 IS - 1 SP - 228-236 SN - 0011-183X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Inventory of pest resistance in blueberry genotypes in North Carolina AU - Rooks, S. D. AU - Ballington, J. R. AU - Milholland, R. D. AU - Cline, W. O. AU - Meyer, J. R. T2 - Journal of Small Fruit & Viticulture DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// VL - 3 IS - 2 SP - 99 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fifty poinsettia cultivars in 1994. We can't wait for '95 AU - Larson, R. A. AU - McCall, I. F. T2 - North Carolina Flower Growers' Bulletin DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// VL - 40 IS - 1 SP - 16 ER - TY - JOUR TI - 'Bladen' southern highbush blueberry AU - Rooks, S. D. AU - Ballington, J. R. AU - Mainland, C. M. T2 - HortScience DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// VL - 30 IS - 1 SP - 150 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Susceptibility of cultivars and hybrids of kousa dogwood to dogwood anthracnose and powdery mildew AU - Ranney, T. G. AU - Grand, L. F. AU - Knighten, J. L. T2 - Journal of Arboriculture DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// VL - 21 IS - 1 SP - 11 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Response of Forsythia x intermedia 'Spectabilis' to uniconazole. II. Leaf and stem anatomy, chlorophyll, and photosynthesis AU - Thetford, M. AU - Warren, S. L. AU - Blazich, F. A. AU - Thomas, J. F. T2 - Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// VL - 120 IS - 6 SP - 983 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Response of Forsythia x intermedia 'Spectabilis' to uniconazole. I. Growth; dry-matter distribution; and mineral nutrient content, concentration, and partitioning AU - Thetford, M. AU - Warren, S. L. AU - Blazich, F. A. T2 - Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// VL - 120 IS - 6 SP - 977 ER - TY - JOUR TI - HEAT TOLERANCE OF SELECTED SPECIES AND POPULATIONS OF RHODODENDRON AU - RANNEY, TG AU - BLAZICH, FA AU - WARREN, SL T2 - JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE AB - Temperature sensitivity of net photosynthesis (P N ) was evaluated among four taxa of rhododendron including Rhododendron hyperythrum Hayata, R. russatum Balf. & Forr., and plants from two populations (northern and southern provenances) of R. catawbiense Michx. Measurements were conducted on leaves at temperatures rauging from 15 to 40C. Temperature optima for P N ranged from a low of 20C for R. russatum to a high of 25C for R. hyperythrum. At 40C, P N rates for R. hyperythrum, R. catawbiense (northern provenance), R. catawbiense (southern provenance), and R. russatum were 7.8,5.7,3.5, and 0.2 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 , respectively (LSD 0.05 = 1.7). Rhododendron catawbiense from the southern provenance did not appear to have greater heat tolerance than plants from the northern provenance. Differences in dark respiration among taxa were related primarily to differences in tissue weight per unit leaf surface area. Temperature coefficients (Q 5 ) for respiration did not vary in temperature response among taxa. Differences in heat tolerance appeared to result from a combination of stomatal and nonstomatal limitations on P N at high temperatures. DA - 1995/5// PY - 1995/5// DO - 10.21273/jashs.120.3.423 VL - 120 IS - 3 SP - 423-428 SN - 2327-9788 KW - RHODODENDRON CATAWBIENSE KW - RHODODENDRON HYPERYTHRUM KW - RHODODENDRON RUSSATUM KW - CARBON EXCHANGE RATE KW - GAS EXCHANGE KW - HIGH TEMPERATURE KW - PHOTOSYNTHESIS KW - RESPIRATION ER - TY - JOUR TI - Growth and survival of 'Whitespire' birch grafted on rootstocks of five species of birch AU - Ranney, Thomas AU - Whitman AU - E., P. T2 - HortScience AB - A 3-year study was conducted to evaluate growth and survival of trees grafted onto five species of birch rootstocks. `Whitespire' Japanese birch ( Betula platyphylla var. japonica Hara.) was grafted onto paper birch ( B. papyrifera Marsh), European birch ( B. pendula Roth), river birch ( B. nigra L.), Szechuan birch [ B. szechuanica (C. Schneid.) Janson], and `Whitespire' Japanese birch rootstocks and grown under field conditions. Trees grafted onto river, European, paper, and `Whitespire' birch rootstocks had similar (100% to 60%) survival rates. Trees on Szechuan rootstock had a survival rate of 30%, which was lower than that of all other rootstocks, except `Whitespire'. `Whitespire' scions grafted onto European birch rootstocks had thicker trunks, were higher, and had wider canopies than trees grafted onto `Whitespire' rootstocks. Trees on river birch rootstocks also had thicker trunks but similar tree heights and canopy widths as trees grafted onto `Whitespire'. `Whitespire' Japanese birch rootstocks produced more rootstock suckers than any of the other rootstocks, while trees on river birch rootstocks had the most frost cracks. No signs of graft incompatibility were observed for any of the graft combinations. These results demonstrate that growth of `Whitespire' birch can be enhanced by grafting this cultivar on rootstocks of other species, including European and river birch. DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.30.3.521 VL - 30 IS - 3 SP - 521–522 SN - 2327-9834 KW - BETULA NIGRA KW - BETULA PAPYRIFERA KW - BETULA PENDULA KW - BETULA PLATYPHYLLA VAR JAPONICA WHITESPIRE KW - BETULA SZECHUANICA KW - GRAFT COMPATIBILITY KW - NURSERY PRODUCTION ER - TY - JOUR TI - Greenhouse, detached-leaf, and field testing methods to determine cucumber resistance to gummy stem blight AU - St. Amand, P. C. AU - Wehner, T. C. T2 - Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// VL - 120 IS - 4 SP - 673 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Eight Isolates of Didymella bryoniae from Geographically Diverse Areas Exhibit Variation in Virulence but No Isolate by Cultivar Interaction on Cucumis sativus AU - St. Amand, P.C. AU - Wehner, T.C. T2 - Plant Disease AB - Eight isolates of Didymella bryoniae from geographically diverse areas were tested for differences in virulence on nine genotypes of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) in two greenhouse experiments. Cucumber genotypes tested represent the range of resistance currently available. Isolates were collected in Arizona, California, The Netherlands, North Carolina, South Carolina, Sweden, and Wisconsin. The original host for one isolate was unknown, six were from cucumber, and one from muskmelon (C. melo). No significant isolate by cultivar interaction was detected in either experiment. Ranks of isolates were usually consistent across cultivars and experiments, and ranks of cultivars were usually consistent across isolates and experiments. Thus, resistance in cucumber to D. bryoniae appears to be nonspecific in nature. Single degree of freedom contrasts showed that the two foreign isolates (from The Netherlands and Sweden) were significantly more virulent than the U.S. isolates. Regression analysis indicated that the variance among cultivar ratings was not significantly correlated with mean isolate rating and that the variance among isolate ratings was not correlated with mean cultivar rating, indicating that an additive model of host-pathogen interaction may control resistance. The finding that resistance to D. bryoniae in cucumber is nonspecific suggests that breeders can use a single virulent isolate of D. bryoniae to screen for resistance. DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// DO - 10.1094/pd-79-1136 VL - 79 IS - 11 SP - 1136-1139 SN - 0191-2917 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-79-1136 KW - CUCURBITACEAE KW - GUMMY STEM BLIGHT ER - TY - JOUR TI - Turf herbicide injury to landscape trees as influenced by mulch AU - Smith, L. J. AU - Skroch, W. A. T2 - Journal of Environmental Horticulture DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// VL - 13 IS - 2 SP - 60 ER - TY - JOUR TI - ROLE OF EXCESS WATER IN TOMATO FRUIT CRACKING AU - PEET, MM AU - WILLITS, DH T2 - HORTSCIENCE AB - Excess irrigation water was provided to spring crops of bag-grown greenhouse tomatoes ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) to test the effect on radial fruit cracking. Varied numbers of emitters were placed in bags filled with soilless medium to provide different amounts of irrigation water. In 1990, all emitters provided water containing nutrient solution, but in 1992, the extra water added in one treatment did not contain nutrient solution. In both years, the percentage of cracked fruit was 20 percentage points higher in the treatments receiving more water. The increase in cracking was similar whether or not nutrient solution was added to the extra water. There also were some effects of the extra water on yield. Fruit count per plant was slightly higher (9.5%) when extra water was provided without nutrient solution, but was the same when nutrient solution was added to the extra water. Fruit weights per plant were 18.6% higher in 1990 when watering was increased. In 1992, fruit weights were similar, except for the treatment where the extra water provided did not contain nutrient solution. Fruit weight in this treatment was 19.7% higher than in the other treatments. In both crops, the percentage of cracking increased as linear and quadratic functions of cluster positions, i.e., there was more cracking in the upper clusters. In greenhouse situations, growers should consider water reduction when experiencing high levels of fruit cracking and as a precautionary measure when harvesting from the upper clusters. Providing excess water to greenhouse-grown tomatoes may be a viable technique for screening cultivars or for conducting research on practices to reduce cracking. DA - 1995/2// PY - 1995/2// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.30.1.65 VL - 30 IS - 1 SP - 65-68 SN - 0018-5345 KW - LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM KW - SPLITTING KW - FRUIT QUALITY KW - PHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDERS KW - GROWTH CRACKS KW - RUSSETING ER - TY - JOUR TI - North Carolina State University cucumber germplasm and cultivar releases, 1957 to 1988 AU - Wehner, T. C. AU - Lower, R. L. T2 - Report (Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative) DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// IS - 18 SP - 3 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Growth regulator effects on sex expression of luffa sponge gourd AU - Wehner, T. C. AU - Ellington, T. L. T2 - Report (Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative) DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// IS - 18 SP - 68 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Efficacy of three nitrogen and phosphorus sources in container-grown azalea production AU - Warren, S. L. AU - Bilderback, T. E. AU - Tyler, H. H. T2 - Journal of Environmental Horticulture DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// VL - 13 IS - 3 SP - 147 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A single-fruit seed extractor for cucumbers AU - Wehner, T. C. AU - Humphries, E. G. T2 - HortTechnology DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// VL - 5 IS - 3 SP - 268 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The North Carolina apple industry AU - Parker, M. L. T2 - Compact Fruit Tree DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// VL - 28 SP - 154 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Split-root technique for multiple nematode resistance in cucumber AU - Walters, S. A. AU - Wehner, T. C. AU - Barker, K. R. T2 - Report (Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative) DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// IS - 18 SP - 29 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Leader management and soil fumigation affect branching and precocity of young apple trees AU - Parker, M. L. AU - Young, E. T2 - HortScience DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// VL - 30 IS - 6 SP - 1193 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluation of apple tree training techniques for higher density orchards AU - Parker, M. L. AU - Young, E. T2 - Compact Fruit Tree DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// VL - 28 SP - 31 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Physical properties of double-processed pine bark: Effects on rooting AU - Bilderback, Theodore AU - Lorscheider, M. R. T2 - Acta Horticulturae DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.1995.401.8 IS - 401 SP - 77 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Heritability of in vitro characteristics and correlation with field performance in Pinus radiata AU - Bergmann, BA AU - Carson, SD AU - Stomp, AM T2 - CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE AB - Twenty-nine full-sib crosses were used in an in vitro adventitious shoot production trial with Pinusradiata D. Don. Analyses with four pairs of reciprocal crosses showed that seed-size effects are significant for seed weight prior to tissue culture and embryo weight after 6 days in vitro. However, no significant influence of initial seed size was found on any other interim tissue-culture trait or on final shoot production. Narrow-sense heritabilities, calculated using nine half-sib families each comprising two full-sib crosses, were high for most tissue culture traits. For number of shoots per embryo they were 0.53 ± 0.22 based on individuals and 0.94 based on family means. Subsets of the families used in the tissue-culture study were represented in two field trials. One included parents of 11 of the control-pollinated families, and one included offspring from 13 of the control-pollinated families. Nine families were common to both field trials. Pearson correlation coefficients were determined between each of 13 in vitro traits and six field characteristics measured in one trial and seven traits in the other trial (five traits in common between the two field trials). Almost all correlations were nonsignificant. The significant correlations found were fewer than the number to be expected by chance alone when calculating such a large number of correlations. Thus, this study provides no evidence for significant associations between the in vitro traits measured, including frequency of highly proliferative embryos and shoot production per embryo, and the field characteristics assessed, including diameter, straightness, malformation, branch habit, needle retention, percent acceptable stems, Dothistroma resistance, and pilodyn rating. DA - 1995/12// PY - 1995/12// DO - 10.1139/x95-209 VL - 25 IS - 12 SP - 1944-1952 SN - 0045-5067 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A penny for your pensees AU - Bailey, D. A. AU - Baker, J. R. AU - Jones, R. K. T2 - North Carolina Flower Growers' Bulletin DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// VL - 40 IS - 3 SP - 1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Infection of cold-injured blueberry stems by Botryosphaeria dothidea AU - Cline, W. O. T2 - Journal of Small Fruit & Viticulture AB - ABSTRACT A blueberry field in Bladen County, NC was examined biweekly or monthly for the first 3 yr to determine conditions associated with high plant mortality in young bushes. Plants grew profusely, did not become completely dormant, and 139 of 500 bushes were cold-injured at first frost in November 1992. Cold-injured stems (ca. 10-30 cm in length) developed a characteristic dead, hook-shaped tip which persisted throughout the following growing season. In 1993, the incidence of B. dothidea in stems injured by cold the previous November was 19%, 39%, and 88% for March, May, and June, respectively. Widespread infection by B. dothidea following cold injury could account for past observations of field epidemics 1 -2 yr after planting. DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// DO - 10.1300/j065v03n02_10 VL - 3 IS - 2 SP - 95 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Diseases in blueberry fruit at harvest in North Carolina AU - Cline, W. O. AU - Milholland, R. D. T2 - Journal of Small Fruit & Viticulture AB - ABSTRACT Blueberries were harvested from 11 cultivars and four breeding selections from four locations in 1989 and 1990. Annual disease losses at harvest averaged 9.6% and were primarily due to five diseases: Mummy berry (Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi)5.6%, phomopsis soft rot (Phomopsis vaccinii)2.9%, phyllosticta rot (Phyllosticta vaccinii)0.4%, ripe rot (Colletotrichum sp.) 0.4% and alter-naria rot (Alternaria tenuissima)0.2%. Phomopsis soft rot occurred both as a localized calyx-end rot and as a soft rot detectable only by feel. Phyllosticta rot is an early season disease, and 2/3 of the infected fruit were collected at the first harvest date in 1990. Significant differences in disease levels occurred among cultivars and locations. Low levels of ripe rot and alternaria rot were attributed to a 7-day harvesting interval. A previously unreported disorder in the cultivar Cape Fear resulted in soft, unmarketable fruit. DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// DO - 10.1300/j065v03n04_06 VL - 3 IS - 4 SP - 219 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Seed germination of annual vinca responds to irradiation and temperature AU - Blazich, F. A. AU - Henry, P. H. AU - Wise, F. C. T2 - HortScience DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// VL - 30 IS - 2 SP - 357 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nomenclature of Tahitian bridal veil AU - Fantz, P. R. AU - Nelson, P. T2 - HortTechnology DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// VL - 5 IS - 2 SP - 144 ER - TY - JOUR TI - High relative humidity after ethylene gassing is important to banana fruit quality AU - Blankenship, S. M. AU - Herdeman, R. W. T2 - HortTechnology DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// VL - 5 IS - 2 SP - 150 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The deerberry (Vaccinium stamineum L. Vaccinium section Polycodium (Raf.) Sleumer): A potential new small fruit crop AU - Ballington, J. R. T2 - Journal of Small Fruit & Viticulture DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// VL - 3 IS - 2 SP - 21 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Taxonomic problems of cultivated liriopogons AU - Fantz, PR T2 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE TAXONOMY OF CULTIVATED PLANTS DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.1995.413.23 IS - 413 SP - 153-156 SN - 0567-7572 KW - Liriope KW - ophiopogon KW - Convallariaceae KW - ornamentals ER - TY - JOUR TI - NC 194 primocane-fruiting thorny erect tetraploid blackberry germplasm AU - Ballington, J. R. AU - Moore, J. N. T2 - Fruit Varieties Journal DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// VL - 49 IS - 2 SP - 101 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Adaptability and reliability of yield for four bell pepper cultivars across three southeastern states AU - Hodges, L. AU - Sanders, D. C. AU - Perry, K. B. AU - Eskridge, K. M. AU - Batal, K. M. D. AU - Granberry, D. M. AU - McLaurin, W. J. AU - Decoteau, D. AU - Dufault, R. J. AU - Garrett, J. T. AU - Nagata, R. T2 - HortScience DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// VL - 30 IS - 6 SP - 1205 ER - TY - JOUR TI - 1994 Summer Bedding Plant Trial Summary AU - Bailey, D. A. T2 - North Carolina Flower Growers' Bulletin DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// VL - 40 IS - 1 SP - 7 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Postharvest drying of Leyland cypress, eastern red cedar, and Fraser fir Christmas trees AU - Hinesley, L. E. AU - Snelling, L. K. T2 - HortScience DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// VL - 30 IS - 7 SP - 1427 ER - TY - JOUR TI - INHERITANCE, GENETIC INTERACTION, AND BIOCHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTHOCYANIN PHENOTYPES IN PEACH AU - CHAPARRO, JX AU - WERNER, DJ AU - WHETTEN, RW AU - OMALLEY, DM T2 - JOURNAL OF HEREDITY AB - Journal Article Inheritance, Genetic Interaction, and Biochemical Characterization of Anthocyanin Phenotypes in Peach Get access J. X. Chaparro, J. X. Chaparro Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State UniversityBox 7609, Raleigh, NC 27695-7609 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. J. Werner, D. J. Werner Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State UniversityBox 7609, Raleigh, NC 27695-7609 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. W. Whetten, R. W. Whetten Department of Forestry, North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. M. O'Malley D. M. O'Malley Department of Forestry, North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Heredity, Volume 86, Issue 1, January 1995, Pages 32–38, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111522 Published: 01 January 1995 Article history Received: 04 January 1994 Accepted: 13 June 1994 Published: 01 January 1995 DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// DO - 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111522 VL - 86 IS - 1 SP - 32-38 SN - 0022-1503 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Correcting loss of the terminal bud in Fraser fir Christmas trees AU - Hinesley, L. E. AU - Snelling, L. K. T2 - HortScience DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// VL - 30 IS - 2 SP - 260 ER - TY - JOUR TI - CHARACTERIZATION OF AN UNSTABLE ANTHOCYANIN PHENOTYPE AND ESTIMATION OF SOMATIC MUTATION-RATES IN PEACH AU - CHAPARRO, JX AU - WERNER, DJ AU - WHETTEN, RW AU - OMALLEY, DM T2 - JOURNAL OF HEREDITY AB - The peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] cultivar Pillar shows variegation in anthocyanin production in both vegetative and reproductive tissues. This phenotype is heritable, although the degree of variegation differs with genetic background in progency of outcrosses. Genetic evidence supports the hypothesis that the unstable phenotype is caused by an active transposable element. Reversion to wild-type anthocyanin production in Pillar gave rise to mericlinal and periclinal chimeras of pigmented and nonpigmented tissues. Reversion events in LI and Lll histogenic cell layers of Pillar produced different phenotypes that could be easily distinguished. The reversion rate in the LI and LII layers was determined using the rate at which periclinal mutant buds and shoots were formed. The reversion rates to wild type in the LI and Lll histogenic layers ranged from 0 to 10−2, and from 0 to 3.6 × 10−2 mutations per branching event, respectively. In families where reversion rates in the LI and LII histogenic layers could both be measured, the reversion rate in the LI layer was about fourfold greater than in the Lll. DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// DO - 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111560 VL - 86 IS - 3 SP - 186-193 SN - 0022-1503 ER - TY - PAT TI - Root specific gene promoter AU - Conkling, M. A. AU - Yamamoto, Y. T. C2 - 1995/// DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - The dual role of mannitol as osmoprotectant and photoassimilate in celery AU - Pharr, D. M. AU - Stoop, J. M. H. AU - Williamson, J. D. AU - Feusi, M. E. S. AU - Massel, M. O. AU - Conkling, M. A. T2 - HortScience DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// VL - 30 IS - 6 SP - 1182-1188 ER - TY - JOUR TI - SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS OF A MANNITOL DEHYDROGENASE CDNA FROM PLANTS REVEALS A FUNCTION FOR THE PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEIN ELI3 AU - WILLIAMSON, JD AU - STOOP, JMH AU - MASSEL, MO AU - CONKLING, MA AU - PHARR, DM T2 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AB - Mannitol is the most abundant sugar alcohol in nature, occurring in bacteria, fungi, lichens, and many species of vascular plants. Celery (Apium graveolens L.), a plant that forms mannitol photosynthetically, has high photosynthetic rates thought to results from intrinsic differences in the biosynthesis of hexitols vs. sugars. Celery also exhibits high salt tolerance due to the function of mannitol as an osmoprotectant. A mannitol catabolic enzyme that oxidizes mannitol to mannose (mannitol dehydrogenase, MTD) has been identified. In celery plants, MTD activity and tissue mannitol concentration are inversely related. MTD provides the initial step by which translocated mannitol is committed to central metabolism and, by regulating mannitol pool size, is important in regulating salt tolerance at the cellular level. We have now isolated, sequenced, and characterized a Mtd cDNA from celery. Analyses showed that Mtd RNA was more abundant in cells grown on mannitol and less abundant in salt-stressed cells. A protein database search revealed that the previously described ELI3 pathogenesis-related proteins from parsley and Arabidopsis are MTDs. Treatment of celery cells with salicylic acid resulted in increased MTD activity and RNA. Increased MTD activity results in an increased ability to utilize mannitol. Among other effects, this may provide an additional source of carbon and energy for response to pathogen attack. These responses of the primary enzyme controlling mannitol pool size reflect the importance of mannitol metabolism in plant responses to divergent types of environmental stress. DA - 1995/8/1/ PY - 1995/8/1/ DO - 10.1073/pnas.92.16.7148 VL - 92 IS - 16 SP - 7148-7152 SN - 0027-8424 KW - SALT STRESS KW - CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM KW - POLYOLS KW - CELERY KW - SALICYLATE ER - TY - JOUR TI - Multiple-trait analysis of genetic-mapping for quantitative trait loci AU - Jiang, C. J. AU - Zeng, Z. B. T2 - Genetics DA - 1995/// PY - 1995/// VL - 140 IS - 3 SP - 1111-1127 ER - TY - JOUR TI - PURIFICATION OF NAD-DEPENDENT MANNITOL DEHYDROGENASE FROM CELERY SUSPENSION-CULTURES AU - STOOP, JMH AU - WILLAMSON, JD AU - CONKLING, MA AU - PHARR, DM T2 - PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AB - Mannitol dehydrogenase, a mannitol:mannose 1-oxidoreductase, constitutes the first enzymatic step in the catabolism of mannitol in nonphotosynthetic tissues of celery (Apium graveolens L.). Endogenous regulation on the enzyme activity in response to environmental cues is critical in modulating tissue concentration of mannitol, which, importantly, contribute to stress tolerance of celery. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity from celery suspension cultures grown on D-mannitol as the carbon source. Mannitol dehydrogenase was purified 589-fold to a specific activity of 365 mumol h-1 mg-1 protein with a 37% yield of enzyme activity present in the crude extract. A highly efficient and simple purification protocol was developed involving polyethylene glycol fractionation, diethylaminoethyl-anion-exchange chromatography, and NAD-agarose affinity chromatography using NAD gradient elution. Sodium dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis of the final preparation revealed a single 40-kD protein. The molecular mass of the native protein was determined to be approximately 43 kD, indicating that the enzyme is a monomer. Polyclonal antibodies raised against the enzyme inhibited enzymatic activity of purified mannitol dehydrogenase. Immunoblots of crude protein extracts from mannitol-grown celery cells and sink tissues of celery, celeriac, and parsley subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis showed a single major immuno-reactive 40-kD protein. DA - 1995/7// PY - 1995/7// DO - 10.1104/pp.108.3.1219 VL - 108 IS - 3 SP - 1219-1225 SN - 0032-0889 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Mannitol catabolism in plant sink tissues AU - Pharr, D.M. AU - Stoop, J.M.H. AU - Studer Feusi, M.E. AU - Williamson, J.D. AU - Massel, M.O. AU - Conkling, M.A. T2 - Carbon Partitioning and Source-Sink Interactions in Plants, Current Topics in Plant Physiology, Vol. 13 (Madore, MA and Lucas, WJ, eds.) A2 - Madore, MA A2 - Lucas, WJ PY - 1995/// SP - 180-194 PB - American Society of Plant Physiologists, Rockville, MD ER -