TY - RPRT TI - Varroa mite on honey bees AU - Buhler, W. A3 - Purdue University Extension Service DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// M1 - E-201 PB - Purdue University Extension Service SN - E-201 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Persistence of entomopathogenic nematodes against black cutworm on bentgrass AU - Buhler, W. AU - Gibb, T. T2 - Journal of Economic Entomology DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 87 IS - 3 SP - 638–642 ER - TY - NEWS TI - Misting External Shade Cloths--Relief from the Heat? T2 - North Carolina Greenhouse Vegetable Growers’ Newsletter PY - 1993/4// SP - 3–5 ER - TY - MGZN TI - New use for CO2: Slowing whiteflies AU - Tripp, K.E. AU - Peet, M.M. T2 - American Vegetable Grower DA - 1993/11// PY - 1993/11// SP - 43–44 ER - TY - CONF TI - Modeling Chrysanthemum growth rates as a function of PPF, CO2 and temperature AU - Willits, D.H. AU - Nelson, P.V. AU - Peet, M.M. AU - Depa, M.A. AU - Kuehny, J.S. T2 - American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE) Meeting C2 - 1993/// CY - Spokane, Washington DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/6/20/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - The effect of evaporative cooling on the efficiency of external greenhouse shade cloths AU - Willits, D.H. AU - Peet, M.M. DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Evaluating high night temperature effects on tomato AU - Peet, M.M. AU - Willits, D.H. A2 - Kuo, C.G. C2 - 1993/// C3 - Adaptation of food crops to temperature and water stress: Proceedings of an international symposium, Tainan DA - 1993/// PY - 1992/8/13/ SP - 175-187 PB - Shanhua: Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC) ER - TY - JOUR TI - Root-knot Nematode Resistance in Cucumber and Horned Cucumber AU - Walters, S. Alan AU - Wehner, Todd C. AU - Barkel, Kenneth R. T2 - HortScience AB - Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and horned cucumber ( C. metuliferus Naud.) germplasm were evaluated for their resistance to root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.). All 24 C. metuliferus cultigens evaluated were resistant to all root-knot nematodes tested- M. incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood race 3, M. arenaria (Neal) Chitwood race 2, and M. hapla Chitwood. All 884 C. sativus cultigens (cultivars, breeding lines, and plant introduction accessions) tested were resistant to M. hapla and few to M. incognita race 3. Only 50 of 884 C. sativus cultigens evaluated were somewhat resistant to M. arenaria race 2 and M. incognita race 3. A retest of the most resistant C. sativus cultigens revealed that LJ 90430 [an accession of C. sativus var. hardwickii (R.) Alef.] and `Mincu' were the only cultigens that were moderately resistant to M. arenaria race 2. LJ 90430 was the only cultigen, besides the two retested C. metuliferus cultigens, that was resistant to M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood. All C. sativus cultigens retested, including LJ 90430, were highly susceptible to M. incognita races 1 and 3. The two C. metuliferus cultigens retested were highly resistant to all root-knot nematodes tested- M. arenaria race 2, M. incognita races 1 and 3, and M. javanica. DA - 1993/2// PY - 1993/2// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.28.2.151 VL - 28 IS - 2 SP - 151-154 OP - SN - 0018-5345 2327-9834 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.2.151 DB - Crossref KW - CUCUMIS-SATIVUS KW - CUCUMIS-METULIFERUS KW - DISEASE RESISTANCE KW - CUCURBIT KW - MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA KW - M-ARENARIA KW - M-HAPLA KW - MELOIDOGYNE-JAVANICA KW - VEGETABLE BREEDING ER - TY - JOUR TI - Growth and source-sink relationships in 'Titan' red raspberry AU - Fernandez, Gina E. AU - Pritts, Marvin P. T2 - Acta Horticulturae DA - 1993/10// PY - 1993/10// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.1993.352.21 VL - 10 IS - 352 SP - 151-158 SN - 0567-7572 2406-6168 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1993.352.21 ER - TY - CONF TI - The effect of paclobutrazol (Bonzi) on shoot elongation and flower bud set of container grown 'Roseum Elegans' rhododendron AU - Bir, R.E. AU - Ranney, T.G. C2 - 1993/// C3 - Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 38th Annual Report DA - 1993/// SP - 273–275 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Propagation and overwintering techniques of Stewartia ovata AU - Curtis, D. AU - Ranney, T.G. T2 - 1991-1992 Annual Report North Carolina Cooperative Program 14 DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Practical research at North Carolina State University AU - Bir, R.E. AU - Ranney, T.G. AU - Bilderback, T.E. AU - Hoyt, G.D. C2 - 1993/// C3 - Proceedings of the 1993 Alabama Nurserymen's Association Summer Seminar DA - 1993/// ER - TY - MGZN TI - Natural resistance of birch, cherry, and crabapple taxa to feeding by adult Japanese beetle AU - Ranney, T.G. T2 - Center for Development of Hardy Landscape Plants, Newsletter DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 4 SP - 4-7 M1 - 1 ER - TY - MGZN TI - Natural resistance of birch, cherry and crabapple taxa to feeding by adult Japanese beetles AU - Ranney, T.G. T2 - Nursery Notes DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 27 SP - 7, 9–10 M1 - 2 ER - TY - CONF TI - Flood tolerant Prunus AU - Ranney, T.G. C2 - 1993/// C3 - Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 38th Annual Report DA - 1993/// SP - 383–385 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Feeding the soil. Just how effective are organic soil amendments? AU - Bir, R.E. AU - Ranney, T.G. T2 - American Nurseryman DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 177 IS - 10 SP - 69-80 ER - TY - CONF TI - Effects of uniconazole on photosynthesis, dark respiration and water use efficiency of 'Spectabilis' forsythia AU - Thetford, M. AU - Warren, S.L. AU - Blazich, F.A. AU - Ranney, T.G. C2 - 1993/// C3 - Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 38th Annual Report DA - 1993/// SP - 27–29 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Chemical control of basal sprouts on river birch AU - Bir, R.E. AU - Ranney, T.G. T2 - American Nurseryman DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 178 IS - 8 SP - 105-107 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Source reduction: A guide for North Carolina local governments and solid waste/recycling professionals AU - Barger, B. AU - Boerschig, S. AU - Clarke, S. AU - Graves, B. AU - Prevo, V. AU - Sherman, R. AU - Trachtman, L. DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// PB - Raleigh, NC: Office of Waste Reduction, North Carolina Dept. of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources ER - TY - CONF TI - Application of genetic markers to tree breeding AU - Grattapaglia, D. AU - Chaparro, J. AU - Wilcox, P. AU - McCord, S. AU - Crane, B. AU - Amerson, H. AU - Werner, D. AU - Liu, B. H. AU - O'Malley, D. AU - Whetten, R. AU - McKeand, S. AU - Goldfard, B. AU - Greenwood, M. AU - Kuhlman, G. AU - Bridgwater, F. AU - Sederoff, R. C2 - 1993/// C3 - Proceedings of the 22nd Southern Forest Tree Improvement Conference DA - 1993/// SP - 452-463 ER - TY - JOUR TI - RESPIRATORY OXYGEN RESPONSE AND RESPIRATORY QUOTIENT OF APPLE STEM SECTIONS DURING CHILLING AU - YOUNG, E T2 - JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE AB - During natural leaf abscission, 2-year-old potted apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. MM.111 EMLA) were placed in a room at 6C for chilling [0,600, 900, or 1400 chilling units (CU)]. After each chilling treatment, respiration of shoot segments was measured as CO 2 evolved and O 2 consumed at 22C in several O 2 concentrations. Respiration increased with oxygen concentration after all CU treatments. Carbon dioxide evolved at the several O 2 levels did not show a pattern related to CU, but O 2 consumed decreased at a decreasing rate with additional CU. Respiratory quotient was <1 at 0 and 600 CU and equal to 1 at 900 and 1400 CU, indicating a possible shift in respiratory substrate with chilling. DA - 1993/7// PY - 1993/7// DO - 10.21273/jashs.118.4.509 VL - 118 IS - 4 SP - 509-512 SN - 0003-1062 KW - BUDBREAK KW - BUD DORMANCY KW - MALUS-DOMESTICA ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mutation models and quantitative genetic variation AU - Zeng, Z. B. AU - Cockerham, C. C. T2 - Genetics DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 133 IS - 3 SP - 729 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Improving sweetpotato starch digestibility for animal feeding AU - Zhang, D. AU - Collins, W. W. AU - Belding, S. T2 - HortScience DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 28 IS - 4 SP - 325 ER - TY - JOUR TI - FIELD-TESTS FOR CUCUMBER RESISTANCE TO GUMMY STEM BLIGHT IN NORTH-CAROLINA AU - WEHNER, TC AU - STAMAND, PC T2 - HORTSCIENCE AB - Gummy stem blight [Didymella bryoniae (Auersw.) Rehm] is the second most important pathogen of field-grown cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.) in North Carolina and a severe problem for greenhouse-grown cucumbers worldwide. To determine whether resistance exists under North Carolina field conditions, 83 cultigens [cultivars, breeding lines, and plant introduction (PI) accessions] were evaluated in the field for 4 years for their resistance to a mixture of D. bryoniae isolates. Plants were inoculated at the vine tip-over stage and rated for foliar lesion size and number. Cultigens identified as resistant in Wisconsin and The Netherlands were not resistant in North Carolina. When averaged over years and locations, the most resistant C. sativus cultigens were PI 164433, `Slice', PI 390264, M 17, and M 12. Several accessions of related Cucumis species were highly resistant: PI 299568 (C. myriocarpus Naud.), PI 282450 (C. zeyheri Sond.), PI 299572 (C. myriocarpus), and PI 233646 (C. anguria L.). The most susceptible cultivars were `Colet', `Meresto', `Supergreen', `Dura', `Pioneer', `Marketmore 76', `Pickmore', and `Addis'. `Calypso' and `Dasher II', popular cultivars in North Carolina, were moderately susceptible. DA - 1993/4// PY - 1993/4// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.28.4.327 VL - 28 IS - 4 SP - 327-329 SN - 0018-5345 KW - ASCOCHYTA-CUCUMIS KW - COLLETOTRICHUM-ORBICULARE KW - CUCUMIS-ANGURIA KW - CUCUMIS-MYRIOCARPUS KW - CUCUMIS-SATIVUS KW - CUCUMIS-ZEYHERI KW - CUCURBITACEAE KW - DIDYMELLA-BRYONIAE KW - DISEASE RESISTANCE KW - MYCOSPHAERELLA-CITRULLINA KW - MYCOSPHAERELLA-MELONIS KW - PHOMA-CUCURBITACEARUM KW - PHYLLOSTICTA-CUCURBITACEARUM KW - VEGETABLE BREEDING ER - TY - JOUR TI - Short-term Salt-shock Effects on Tomato Fruit Quality, Yield, and Vegetative Prediction of Subsequent Fruit Quality AU - Niedziela, Carl E. AU - Nelson, Paul V. AU - Willits, Daniel H. AU - Peet, Mary M. T2 - Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science AB - Commercial recommendations exist for using short-term salt-shocks on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) to improve fruit quality. Six experiments were conducted to 1) assess the influence of nutrient concentration and short-term salt-shocks on fruit quality and yield and 2) identify a vegetative predictor of subsequent fruit quality. The first objective was addressed in three nutrient film technique (NFT) experiments (Expts. 1-3). Four treatments were applied: two maintained constant at two baseline concentrations (0.25X and 1X-commercial level) and two provided salt-shock periods of 30 min, twice daily. There were no effects of baseline concentration or salt-shocks on total number and weight of marketable fruit. Fruit quality was better at the 1X baseline concentration as observed by higher titratable acidity (Expt. 2), higher percent dry matter (Expts. 2 and 3), higher soluble solids concentration (Expt. 2), and lower pH (Expts. 2 and 3), however, weight per marketable fruit was lower (Expt. 2). Salt-shocks had little effect on fruit quality, refuting its commercial potential. Salt-shocks decreased fruit pH (Expts. 1 and 3). However, titratable acidity increased at the 0.25X level and decreased at the 1X level (Expt. 3). In Expt. 2, but not in Expt. 3, citrate concentration in the fifth leaf from the apex of young vegetative plants was correlated with subsequent fruit quality. Three additional experiments in static hydroponics with vegetative plants showed no significant differences in leaf citrate levels due to a single, short-term salt-shock. Thus, citrate is not a good predictor of fruit quality. DA - 1993/1// PY - 1993/1// DO - 10.21273/jashs.118.1.12 VL - 118 IS - 1 SP - 12-16 J2 - jashs OP - SN - 0003-1062 2327-9788 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.118.1.12 DB - Crossref KW - LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM KW - CITRATE KW - FRUIT KW - GREENHOUSE KW - HYDROPONICS KW - MALATE KW - NUTRIENT FILM TECHNIQUE KW - PLANT NUTRITION KW - SALT-STRESS KW - WATER RELATIONS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Diurnal malate and citrate fluctuations as related to nitrate and potassium concentrations in tomato leaves AU - Niedziela, Carl E., Jr. AU - Nelson, Paul V. AU - Peet, Mary M. AU - Jackson, William A. T2 - Journal of Plant Nutrition AB - Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine if malate and citrate change diurnally, if these changes are light dependent, and how these changes relate to K+ and NO3 −1 levels. Malate concentration in tomato leaves was shown to increase during the day and decrease at night. The inverse occurred with citrate. The dependency of the changes on light was demonstrated for malate, but not for citrate. A relationship with NO3 − assimilation and K+ recirculation may explain the changes in malate concentration. Notes Funded by the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service (NCARS), Raleigh, NC 27695–7643. Use of trade names in this publication does not imply NCARS endorsement of products named nor criticism of others not mentioned. Present address: North Carolina Cooperative Extension Program, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27420–1928. Dept of Soil Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695–7619. DA - 1993/1// PY - 1993/1// DO - 10.1080/01904169309364520 VL - 16 IS - 1 SP - 165-175 J2 - Journal of Plant Nutrition LA - en OP - SN - 0190-4167 1532-4087 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01904169309364520 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Poinsettia cultivar evaluations at North Carolina State University in 1992 AU - Larson, R. A. AU - Fine, I. Y. T2 - North Carolina Flower Growers' Bulletin DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 38 IS - 1 SP - 5 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impact of plastics in the floriculture industry AU - Larson, R. A. T2 - HortTechnology DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 3 IS - 1 SP - 28 ER - TY - JOUR TI - YIELD OF TOMATO IRRIGATED WITH RECIRCULATING AQUACULTURAL WATER AU - MCMURTRY, MR AU - SANDERS, DC AU - PATTERSON, RP AU - NASH, A T2 - JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE AB - Aquacultural water, which rapidly accumulates organic materials that inhibit fish growth, has considerable potential for hydroponic cultivation of vegetable plants. By recirculating aquacultural water through sand biofilters, it is possible to integrate the two systems whereby both benefit: the vegetables are provided with nutrient-laden water and they control ammonia concentrations in the fish medium. Hybrid tilapia fish [Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) × O. niloticus (L.)] and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) production were linked in a closed recirculating water system in a polyethylene greenhouse to determine the effect of tank-to-biofilter ratio on tomato yield. The fish were raised in tanks and fed a 32% protein feed. Tomatoes ‘Laura’ and ‘Kewalo’ were grown in sand biofilters during summer 1988 and spring 1989, respectively. Plant spacing was 4 plants/sq yd and each bed was irrigated eight times daily with water from the associated fish tank. Biofilter drainage returned to the tank by gravity. Four tank-to-biofilter (v/v) ratios (1:0.67, 1:1.00, 1:1.50, and 1:2.25) were studied with plant populations proportional to biofilter volume. Each system received equivalent nutrients (even though biofilter size and number of plants differed) and plants received equal water. Biological filtration, aeration, and mineral assimilation of plants maintained water quality for tilapia growth. Yield per plant decreased with increasing biofilter volume but total yield per biofilter increased with increasing biofilter volume. Fruit production per unit feed input and per unit fish biomass increase were highly correlated. From these studies, a balanced high per-plant yield and high total yield were observed with the 1:1.5 tank-to-biofilter ratio. The system operated efficiently so that both fish and fruit production were successful. Research Question Recirculating aquacultural systems accumulate organic materials that inhibit fish growth. This aquacultural water has considerable potential for hydroponic cultivation of vegetable plants. The plants can also aid in controlling nitrate concentrations in the fish medium. The practical application of such integrated fish-vegetable systems is in need of investigation. This study determined how tank-to-biofilter ratio influenced tomato yield per plant and total yield per unit of nutrient input. Literature Summary Hydroponic vegetable production has been shown to be effective in removing organic materials in recirculatory aquacultural systems. Reciprocating biofilters, which alternately flood and drain, provide a uniform distribution of nutrients within the filtration medium. Optimum ratios between feed input rate, standing fish biomass, system water volume, and biofilter volume must be established. Study Description Tilapia fish and tomato production were linked in a closed recirculating system in a polyethylene greenhouse in Raleigh, NC. The fish were raised in tanks and fed a 32% protein feed while the tomatoes (cultivars ‘Laura’ and ‘Kewalo’) were grown in sand biofilters which were alternately flooded and drained with the aquacultural water (Fig. 1). Four tank-to-biofilter (v/v) ratios (1:0.67, 1:1.00, 1:1.50, and 1:2.25) were studied with plant populations proportional to biofilter volume. Applied Question What is the effect of tank-to-biofilter ratio on tomato yield in a recirculatory aquacultural system? Yield per plant decreased with increasing biofilter volume but total yield per biofilter increased with increasing biofilter volume (Fig. 2, 3). Fruit yield also increased with increased unit feed input. To maximize production, it is necessary to determine which ratio gives both a high per-plant yield and a high total yield. From our studies, the 1:1.5 tank-to-biofilter ratio appeared to balance the two appropriately. Figure 1Open in figure viewerPowerPoint Schematic diagram of the integrated aquaculture-olericulture system. Figure 2Open in figure viewerPowerPoint Fruit yield per plant and per biofilter of ‘Laura’ tomato, with the corresponding fish biomass increase, as influenced by tank to biofilter ratio. Figure 3Open in figure viewerPowerPoint Fruit yield per plant and per biofilter of ‘Kewalo’ tomato, with the corresponding fish biomass increase, as influenced by tank to biofilter ratio. DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// DO - 10.2134/jpa1993.0428 VL - 6 IS - 3 SP - 428-432 SN - 0890-8524 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Micropropagation of Pieris floribunda AU - Starrett, M. C. AU - Blazich, F. A. AU - Acedo, J. R. AU - Warren, S. L. T2 - Journal of Environmental Horticulture DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 11 IS - 4 SP - 191 ER - TY - JOUR TI - MINERAL NUTRIENT CONCENTRATION AND UPTAKE BY TOMATO IRRIGATED WITH RECIRCULATING AQUACULTURE WATER AS INFLUENCED BY QUANTITY OF FISH WASTE PRODUCTS SUPPLIED AU - MCMURTRY, MR AU - SANDERS, DC AU - NELSON, PV AU - NASH, A T2 - JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION AB - Abstract Fish and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) production were linked in a recirculaing water system. Fish (tilapia) were fed a commercial diet with 32% protein. Tomato cultivars ‘Laura’ and ‘Kewalo’ were grown during summer 1988 and spring 1989, respectively, in a Raleigh, NC greenhouse. Plants were grown in biofilters at 4 plants/m2 and surface irrigated 8 times daily with water pumped from an associated fish tank. Four tank‐to‐biofllter ratios were established by varying the filter size. Each system received identical nutrient inputs and an equal quantity of water was applied per plant. Biofilter drainage returned to the tanks. Biological filtration, aeration, and mineral assimilation by plants maintained water quality within limits for tilapia. All nutrients were assimilated above deficiency levels. Tissue concentrations of N, P, K and Mg were not limiting. Calcium was low and S high when their sole nutrient source was fish waste. Micronutrients were assimilated in excess of sufficiency, but toxicity was not seen. Irrespective of fruit yield, metabolic products of each kilogram increase in fish biomass provided sufficient nutrient for two tomato plants for a period of three months. Under reduced growth rates of mature fish, K became limiting. Alterations in fish feed mineral nutrient content are suggested which better meet plant requirements and still remain within the range of fish needs. DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// DO - 10.1080/01904169309364541 VL - 16 IS - 3 SP - 407-419 SN - 0190-4167 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Initial growth of rosebay rhododendron seedlings as influenced by day and night temperatures AU - Starrett, M. C. AU - Blazich, F. A. AU - Warren, S. L. T2 - HortScience DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 28 IS - 7 SP - 705 ER - TY - JOUR TI - EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CARBON-SOURCES ON RELATIVE GROWTH-RATE, INTERNAL CARBOHYDRATES, AND MANNITOL 1-OXIDOREDUCTASE ACTIVITY IN CELERY SUSPENSION-CULTURES AU - STOOP, JMH AU - PHARR, DM T2 - PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AB - Little information exists concerning the biochemical route of mannitol catabolism in higher plant cells. In this study, the role of a recently discovered mannitol 1-oxidoreductase (MDH) in mannitol catabolism was investigated. Suspension cultures of celery (Apium graveolens L. var dulce [Mill.] Pers.) were successfully grown on nutrient media with either mannitol, mannose, or sucrose as the sole carbon source. Cell cultures grown on any of the three carbon sources did not differ in relative growth rate, as measured by packed cell volume, but differed drastically in internal carbohydrate concentration. Mannitol-grown cells contained high concentrations of mannitol and extremely low concentrations of sucrose, fructose, glucose, and mannose. Sucrose-grown cells had high concentrations of sucrose early in the growth cycle and contained a substantial hexose pool. Mannose-grown cells had a high mannose concentration early in the cycle, which decreased during the growth cycle, whereas their internal sucrose concentrations remained relatively constant during the entire growth cycle. Celery suspension cultures on all three carbon substrates contained an NAD-dependent MDH. Throughout the growth cycle, MDH activity was 2- to 4-fold higher in mannitol-grown cells compared with sucrose- or mannose-grown cells, which did not contain detectable levels of mannitol, indicating that MDH functions pre-dominantly in an oxidative capacity in situ. The MDH activity observed in celery cells was 3-fold higher than the minimum amount required to account for the observed rate of mannitol utilization from the media. Cultures transferred from mannitol to mannose underwent a decrease in MDH activity over a period of days, and transfer from mannose to mannitol resulted in an increase in MDH activity. These data provide strong evidence that MDH plays an important role in mannitol utilization in celery suspension cultures. DA - 1993/11// PY - 1993/11// DO - 10.1104/pp.103.3.1001 VL - 103 IS - 3 SP - 1001-1008 SN - 1532-2548 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Correlations between years for foliar gummy stem blight disease ratings on field grown cucumbers AU - St. Amand, P. C. AU - Wehner, T. C. T2 - Report (Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative) DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// IS - 16 SP - 1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Strawberry plasticulture in North Carolina: II. Preplant, planting, and postplant considerations for growing 'Chandler' strawberry on black plastic mulch AU - Poling, E. B. T2 - HortTechnology DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 3 IS - 4 SP - 383 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Strawberry plasticulture in North Carolina: I. Developing a competitive horticultural industry requires 'experts', not 'participatory groups' AU - Poling, E. B. T2 - HortTechnology DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 3 IS - 4 SP - 400 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Olivine: A potential magnesium source for container production AU - Warren, S. L. AU - Shelton, J. E. T2 - Journal of Environmental Horticulture DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - 31 ER - TY - JOUR TI - HEAT UNITS, SOLAR-RADIATION AND DAYLENGTH AS PEPPER HARVEST PREDICTORS AU - PERRY, KB AU - SANDERS, DC AU - GRANBERRY, DM AU - GARRETT, JT AU - DECOTEAU, DR AU - NAGATA, RT AU - DUFAULT, RJ AU - BATAL, KD AU - MCLAURIN, WJ T2 - AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY AB - Daily maximum and minimum air temperature, total solar radiation and daylength data from seven locations during three seasons of 3 years were used to compare 52 heat unit accumulation models with counting days as a harvest prediction method for pepper. The best model was defined as the one with the least variation, i.e. smallest coefficient of variation (CV). CV's were calculated for each method over all seasons and locations, for each method over all locations for each season, and for each method in each season at each location. In all cases heat unit accumulation methods were better than counting days. The location and season specific model was the most accurate, but the analysis over all seasons and locations did result in smaller CV's than counting days, so improved harvest prediction can be achieved by using regionally developed models. DA - 1993/8// PY - 1993/8// DO - 10.1016/0168-1923(93)90004-2 VL - 65 IS - 3-4 SP - 197-205 SN - 0168-1923 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Growth and nutrient concentration in flowering dogwood after nitrogen fertilization and dormant root pruning AU - Warren, S. L. T2 - Journal of Arboriculture DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 19 IS - 2 SP - 57 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Gene list update for cucumber AU - Wehner, T. C. T2 - Report (Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative) DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// IS - 16 SP - 92 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Changes in physical and chemical properties of a loamy sand soil when amended with composted poultry litter AU - Warren, S. L. AU - Fonteno, W. C. T2 - Journal of Environmental Horticulture DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 11 IS - 4 SP - 186 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Root-knot nematode resistance in cucumber and horned cucumber AU - Walters, S. A. AU - Wehner, T. C. AU - Barker, K. R. T2 - HortScience DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 28 IS - 2 SP - 151 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Orchard floor management affects cherry tree growth and moisture utilization AU - Parker, M. L. AU - Hull, J. T2 - Acta Horticulturae DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.1993.347.23 IS - 347 SP - 201 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Observations on fruit netting in cucumber AU - Uchneat, M. S. AU - Wehner, T. C. T2 - Report (Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative) DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// IS - 16 SP - 8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of media, growth stage and removal of lower leaves on rooting of highbush, southern highbush and rabbiteye softwood or hardwood cuttings AU - Mainland, C. M. T2 - Acta Horticulturae DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.1993.346.18 IS - 346 SP - 133 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Blueberry production strategies AU - Mainland, CM T2 - FIFTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON VACCINIUM CULTURE DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.1993.346.15 IS - 346 SP - 111-116 SN - 0567-7572 KW - mechanical harvesting KW - mechanical topping KW - delay of blossoming ER - TY - JOUR TI - Tiger safari AU - Herbst, L. T2 - Pest Control Technology DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 21 IS - 11 SP - 60 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Rooting performance of hardwood stem cuttings from herbicide-treated nursery stock plants AU - Catanzaro, C. J. AU - Skroch, W. A. AU - Henry, P. H. T2 - Journal of Environmental Horticulture DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 11 IS - 3 SP - 128 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Improving nutrient and moisture retention in pine bark substrates with rockwool and compost combinations AU - Bilderback, Theodore AU - Fonteno, W. C. T2 - Acta Horticulturae DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.1993.342.30 IS - 342 SP - 265 ER - TY - JOUR TI - GRAMINICIDE RESISTANCE OF ACETYL-COA CARBOXYLASE FROM ORNAMENTAL GRASSES AU - CATANZARO, CJ AU - BURTON, JD AU - SKROCH, WA T2 - PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY AB - Blue fescues [Festuca ovina var. glauca (Lam.) Koch. and F. amethystina L.] are resistant to graminicides, whereas fountain grass [Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng.] and most other grasses are sensitive. Evidence suggests that selective control of grasses by the graminicides fluazifop (an aryloxyphenoxypropionate) and sethoxydim (a cyclohexanedione) is often due to differential resistance at the primary site of action, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase). ACCase activity was obtained from fountain grass and four cultivars of blue fescue to determine whether resistance at the whole plant level correlated with ACCase resistance in vitro. ACCase activity was represented by in vitro incorporation of radioactive bicarbonate into an acid- and heat-stable product. Enzyme activity was dependent on acetyl-CoA and ATP and was inhibited in the presence of avidin, suggesting that activity was due to ACCase. Compared to ACCase from fountain grass, ACCase from fescues was 70 to 88 times more resistant to fluazifop and 216 to 422 times more resistant to sethoxydim. Differences of this magnitude at the enzyme level may be sufficient to explain differential response between blue fescues (resistant) and fountain grass (sensitive) at the whole plant level. DA - 1993/2// PY - 1993/2// DO - 10.1006/pest.1993.1017 VL - 45 IS - 2 SP - 147-153 SN - 0048-3575 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Drenching dilemmas II AU - Bailey, D. A. AU - Jones, R. K. T2 - North Carolina Flower Growers' Bulletin DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 38 IS - 1 SP - 14 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Composted turkey litter: II. Effect on plant growth AU - Tyler, H. H. AU - Warren, S. L. AU - Bilderback, T. E. AU - Perry, K. B. T2 - Journal of Environmental Horticulture DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 11 IS - 3 SP - 137 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Composted turkey litter: I. Effect on chemical and physical properties of a pine bark substrate AU - Tyler, H. H. AU - Warren, S. L. AU - Bilderback, T. E. AU - Fonteno, W. C. T2 - Journal of Environmental Horticulture DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 11 IS - 3 SP - 131 ER - TY - JOUR TI - SPACING AND PRUNING AFFECT GROWTH, YIELD, AND ECONOMIC RETURNS OF STAKED FRESH-MARKET TOMATOES AU - DAVIS, JM AU - ESTES, EA T2 - JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE AB - Unstable prices and increased competitive market pressures have caused many staked-tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) producers to reexamine the costs and benefits of various production practices. In 1988 and 1989, field studies were conducted to determine if changes in plant in-row spacing and pruning could reduce production costs, increase yields, and improve grower net returns of staked `Mountain Pride' tomatoes. In both years, early-season yields were highest using early pruning (when lateral shoots were 5 to 10 cm long) or delayed pruning (when lateral shoots were 30 to 36 cm long) and in-row spacings ≤46 cm. In 1988, total-season yields per hectare of pruned plants increased as in-row spacing decreased. For nonpruned plants, however, total-season yields were high at all spacings. In 1989, total-season yields were lower from delayed-pruned plants than from nonpruned plants and there was little yield difference due to in-row spacing. In both years, nonpruned plants produced low yields of fruit >72 mm in diameter but their total yields were greater than those of pruned plants. Net returns per hectare, calculated from combined data of both years, were highest when 1) plants spaced closely in-row were pruned early and 2) plants were spaced 46 to 76 cm apart and either pruned early or not pruned. DA - 1993/11// PY - 1993/11// DO - 10.21273/jashs.118.6.719 VL - 118 IS - 6 SP - 719-725 SN - 0003-1062 KW - FRUIT SIZE KW - LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM KW - SHOOT REMOVAL ER - TY - JOUR TI - Antitranspirant and cryprotectant do not prevent peach freezing injury AU - Aoun, M. F. AU - Perry, K. B. AU - Swallow, W. H. AU - Werner, D. J. AU - Parker, M. L. T2 - HortScience DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 28 IS - 4 SP - 343 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Use of diazocyclopentadiene to block ethylene action in fruits and flowers AU - Blankenship, S. M. AU - Sisler, E. C. T2 - Acta Horticulturae DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.1993.343.49 IS - 343 SP - 215 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Seed germination of Rhododendron carolinianum: Influence of light and temperature AU - Blazich, F. A. AU - Warren, S. L. AU - Starrett, M. C. AU - Acedo, J. R. T2 - Journal of Environmental Horticulture DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 11 IS - 2 SP - 55 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Scaffold attachment regions increase reporter gene expression in stably transformed plant cells AU - Allen, G. C. AU - Hall, G. E. AU - Childs, L. C. AU - Weissinger, A. K. AU - Spiker, S. AU - Thompson, W. F. T2 - Plant Cell DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// DO - 10.2307/3869803 VL - 5 IS - 6 SP - 603 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Response of apples to diazocyclopentadiene inhibition of ethylene binding AU - Blankenship, S. M. AU - Sisler, E. C. T2 - Postharvest Biology and Technology AB - Diazocyclopentadiene (DACP) is a light-activated compound that is thought to inhibit ethylene binding in plants. DACP was applied as a gas in the light for 24 hours to ‘Red Delicious’ apples harvested at a mature, preclimacteric stage. Treated apples held in air at 21°C for 30 days had lower internal ethylene concentrations than untreated fruits. Higher concentrations of DACP were more effective over longer periods of time. Untreated apples had a flesh firmness of 46 newtons after 30 days, while DACP treated apples were about 73 newtons. Starch conversion initially was slowed by DACP, but by 30 days all starch was lost. Retreatment of fruit with DACP during the 30 days did somewhat renew the effect on suppression of ethylene, but did not further effect flesh firmness or starch conversion. Apples treated once with DACP at harvest, then held in 0°C cold storage, contained much lower levels of internal ethylene and were approximately 10 newtons firmer after 18 weeks than untreated fruit. DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// DO - 10.1016/0925-5214(93)90001-j VL - 3 IS - 2 SP - 95 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ethylene binding site affinity in ripening apples AU - Blankenship, S. M. AU - Sisler, E. C. T2 - Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 118 IS - 5 SP - 609 ER - TY - JOUR TI - EFFECTS OF CONTINUOUS, LOW-LEVELS OF ETHYLENE ON GROWTH AND FLOWERING OF EASTER LILY AU - BLANKENSHIP, SM AU - BAILEY, DA AU - MILLER, JE T2 - SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE AB - Easter lilies (Lilium longiflorum Thunb. cultivar ‘Nellie White’) were continually exposed to 0, 0.01, 0.05 or 0.1 μl l−1 ethylene in air during growth and flowering. Shoot length was drastically reduced with 0.05 or 0.1 μl l−1 ethylene, but was increased by 0.01 μl l−1. Plants grown at 0.05 and 0.1 μl l−1 ethylene were unmarketable, while 0.01 μl l−1 treated plants were commercially acceptable. All ethylene levels caused reduction in total shoot and flower dry weights. Leaf unfolding rate was similar in all treatments, indicating that height differences were due to ethylene effects on internodal length rather than rate of leaf development. Flower numbers were reduced and buds abnormally curved on plants grown at 0.05 and 0.1 μl l−1 ethylene. DA - 1993/3// PY - 1993/3// DO - 10.1016/0304-4238(93)90051-Q VL - 53 IS - 4 SP - 311-317 SN - 1879-1018 KW - AIR POLLUTION KW - ETHYLENE KW - FLOWERIN, LILIUM-LONGIFLORUM ER - TY - JOUR TI - A ripening index for banana fruit based on starch content AU - Blankenship, S. M. AU - Ellsworth, D. D. AU - Powell, R. L. T2 - HortTechnology DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 3 IS - 3 SP - 338 ER - TY - JOUR TI - 'Mountain Gold' tomato AU - Gardner, R. G. T2 - HortScience DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 28 IS - 4 SP - 348 ER - TY - JOUR TI - 'Mountain Belle' cherry tomato; NC 1C and NC 2C cherry tomato breeding lines AU - Gardner, R. G. T2 - HortScience DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 28 IS - 4 SP - 349 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Taxonomic problems in cultivated liriopogons AU - Fantz, P. R. T2 - HortTechnology DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 3 IS - 2 SP - 146 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sumagic on Easter lilies AU - Howe, L. S. AU - Bailey, D. A. T2 - North Carolina Flower Growers' Bulletin DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 38 IS - 6 SP - 24 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Screening strawberries for resistance to Colletotrichum acutatum in North Carolina AU - Ballington, J. R. AU - Milholland, R. D. T2 - Acta Horticulturae DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// IS - 348 SP - 442 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Rubus and vacciniaceous germplasm resources in the Andes of Ecuador AU - Ballington, J. R. AU - Luteyn, J. L. AU - Thompson, M. M. AU - Romoleroux, K. AU - Castillo, R. T2 - Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// IS - 93 SP - 9 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Revising the classification of cultivated Centrosema and Clitoria in the United States AU - Fantz, P. R. T2 - HortScience DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 28 IS - 6 SP - 674 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Problems and considerations in determining physical properties of horticultural substrates AU - Fonteno, W. C. T2 - Acta Horticulturae AB - The establishment of research protocol for horticultural substrates must include the measurements of physical and hydraulic properties. Both empirical and mechanistic approaches must be utilized in protocol development. The steps in establishing a protocol should be: 1) the development of standard definitions for properties and terms, 2) development of a mechanistic framework based on modeling, and 3) development of procedures for data collection. Pore space diagnostics and available water determinations must be reexamined to more appropriately describe these terms. The concept of hydraulic status is introduced as one diagnostic protocol for physical and hydraulic properties. DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.1993.342.22 IS - 342 SP - 197 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Notes on Clitoria (Leguminosae) in southeast Asia AU - Fantz, P. R. T2 - Novon AB - New infraspecific taxa of two species of Clitoria subg. Neurocarpum sect. Tanystyloba (Leguminosae) from Southeast Asia are described. New taxa include: Clitoria hanceana var. latifolia (Thailand), variety petiolata (Cambodia), and variety thailandica (Thailand); and Clitoria macrophylla var. sericea (Thailand) and variety stipulacea (Thailand). Clitoria hanceana var. hanceana (China) and C. macrophylla var. macrophylla (Burma, Vietnam) are circumscribed. The circumscription of Clitoria hanceana var. laureola (Vietnam) is emended with the exclusion of two of the four DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// DO - 10.2307/3391381 VL - 3 IS - 4 SP - 352 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impact of hydrogel on physical properties of coarse-structured horticultural substrates AU - Fonteno, W. C. AU - Bilderback, T. E. T2 - Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 118 IS - 2 SP - 217 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Breeding blueberries for pest resistance in North Carolina AU - Ballington, J. R. AU - Rooks, S. D. AU - Milholland, R. D. AU - Cline, W. O. AU - Meyers, J. R. T2 - Acta Horticulturae DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// IS - 346 SP - 87 ER - TY - JOUR TI - 'Crop-Life' does not slow postharvest drying of Fraser fir and eastern red cedar Christmas trees AU - Hinesley, L. E. AU - Snelling, L. K. AU - Goodman, S. T2 - HortScience DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 28 IS - 10 SP - 1054 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Gamma radiation unpromising as an insect quarantine treatment for Fraser fir branches AU - Hinesley, L. E. AU - Snelling, L. K. T2 - HortScience DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 28 IS - 11 SP - 1109 ER - TY - PAT TI - Mannitol oxidoreductase isolated from vascular plants AU - Pharr, D. M. AU - Stoop, J. M. H. C2 - 1993/// DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Response of the maize catalases and superoxide dismutases to cercosporin-containing fungal extracts: the pattern of catalase response in scutella is stage specific AU - Williamson, J. D. AU - Scandalios, J. G. T2 - Physiologia Plantarum DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// DO - 10.1034/j.1399-3054.1993.880122.x VL - 88 IS - 1 SP - 159-166 ER - TY - JOUR TI - THEORETICAL BASIS FOR SEPARATION OF MULTIPLE LINKED GENE EFFECTS IN MAPPING QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI AU - ZENG, ZB T2 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AB - It is now possible to use complete genetic linkage maps to locate major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on chromosome regions. The current methods of QTL mapping (e.g., interval mapping, which uses a pair or two pairs of flanking markers at a time for mapping) can be subject to the effects of other linked QTLs on a chromosome because the genetic background is not controlled. As a result, mapping of QTLs can be biased, and the resolution of mapping is not very high. Ideally when we test a marker interval for a QTL, we would like our test statistic to be independent of the effects of possible QTLs at other regions of the chromosome so that the effects of QTLs can be separated. This test statistic can be constructed by using a pair of markers to locate the testing position and at the same time using other markers to control the genetic background through a multiple regression analysis. Theory is developed in this paper to explore the idea of a conditional test via multiple regression analysis. Various properties of multiple regression analysis in relation to QTL mapping are examined. Theoretical analysis indicates that it is advantageous to construct such a testing procedure for mapping QTLs and that such a test can potentially increase the precision of QTL mapping substantially. DA - 1993/12/1/ PY - 1993/12/1/ DO - 10.1073/pnas.90.23.10972 VL - 90 IS - 23 SP - 10972-10976 SN - 0027-8424 KW - GENE MAPPING KW - MOLECULAR GENETIC MARKERS KW - QUANTITATIVE GENETICS KW - MULTIPLE REGRESSION KW - INTERVAL TEST ER - TY - JOUR TI - Plant antioxidant gene response to fungal pathogens AU - Williamson, J. D. AU - Scandalios, J. G. T2 - Soil Science and Plant Nutrition AB - Antioxidant defense systems are a prominent element in plant responses to environmental stress. Activated oxygen species have themselves been implicated as both a part of the plant's defense against pathogen attack as well as the phytotoxic component of photosensitizing fungal toxins. Molecular analyses are just beginning to define how plant oxidant and antioxidant genes might integrate with other defense responses to provide effective protection against pathogen attack. DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// DO - 10.1016/0966-842x(93)90140-m VL - 1 IS - 6 SP - 239-245 ER -