TY - CONF TI - Genomic regions controlling the amino acid composition in soybean AU - Panthee, D.R. AU - Pantalone, V.R. AU - Sams, C.E. AU - West, D.R. AU - Saxton, A.M. C2 - 2003/// C3 - Agronomy Abstracts DA - 2003/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Genomic regions governing soybean seed nitrogen accumulation AU - Panthee, D.R. AU - Pantalone, V.R. AU - Sams, C.E. AU - West, D.R. AU - Saxton, A.M. AU - Rayford, W.E. C2 - 2003/// C3 - AOCS Abstracts DA - 2003/// SP - 33 ER - TY - MGZN TI - Precision agriculture: Its relevance with Nepalese agriculture AU - Panthee, D.R. T2 - Agri-Link Newsletter DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// VL - 1 SP - 3–4 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fungicides and combinations for tomato late blight, 2002 AU - Shoemaker, P.B. AU - Milks, D.C. AU - Lynch, N.P. T2 - Fungicide and Nematicide Tests DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// VL - Report 58 SP - V101 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Product evaluation for tomato bacterial canker and bacterial speck, 2002 AU - Shoemaker, P.B. AU - Milks, D.C. AU - Lynch, N.P. T2 - Fungicide and Nematicide Tests DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// VL - Report 58 SP - V100 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Spray schedules and fungicide evaluation for tomato foliage and fruit diseases, 2002 AU - Shoemaker, P.B. AU - Milks, D.C. AU - Lynch, N.P. T2 - Fungicide and Nematicide Tests DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// VL - Report 58 SP - V053 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fungicide evaluation for tobacco blue mold at Laurel Springs, NC, 2002 AU - Shoemaker, P.B. AU - Milks, D.C. AU - Lynch, N.P. T2 - Fungicide and Nematicide Tests DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// VL - Report 58 SP - FC027 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fungicide evaluation for tobacco blue mold at Waynesville, NC, 2002 AU - Shoemaker, P.B. AU - Milks, D.C. AU - Lynch, N.P. T2 - Fungicide and Nematicide Tests DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// VL - Report 58 SP - FC026 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Pesticides and human health: grapes AU - Cope, W.G. AU - Allen, R.A. AU - Sutton, T.B. AU - Chaves, A. AU - Stern, J.D. AU - Storm, J.F. AU - Buhler, W.G. A3 - North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service Press DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// M1 - AG-MED-20 PB - North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service Press SN - AG-MED-20 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Los pesticidas y la salud humana: uvas AU - Cope, W.G. AU - Allen, R.A. AU - Sutton, T.B. AU - Chaves, A. AU - Stern, J.D. AU - Storm, J.F. AU - Buhler, W.G. A3 - North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service Press DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// M1 - AG-MED-21 PB - North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service Press SN - AG-MED-21 ER - TY - RPRT TI - PICT guide of vegetative annual disorders AU - Whipker, B.E. AU - Gibson, J.L. AU - Krug, B. AU - Warfield, C.Y. AU - Casey, C. AU - Cloyd, R.C. AU - Buhler, W.G. A3 - North Carolina Commercial Flower Growers’ Association DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// PB - North Carolina Commercial Flower Growers’ Association ER - TY - JOUR TI - Using research to design and evaluate pesticide dealer training AU - Buhler, W. AU - Whipker, L. T2 - Journal of Pesticide Safety Education DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// VL - 5 SP - 7–24 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Sprayer Calibration (1/128th of an Acre Method) AU - Buhler, W. T2 - Recordkeeping Manual for Private Pesticide Applicators PY - 2003/// SP - 44–50 PB - United States Department of Agriculture ER - TY - RPRT TI - Pesticides and human health: tomatoes AU - Cope, W.G. AU - Sanders, D.C. AU - Louws, F.J. AU - Walgenbach, J.F. AU - Chaves, A. AU - Stern, J.D. AU - Storm, J.F. AU - Buhler, W.G. A3 - North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service Press DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// M1 - AG-MED-22 PB - North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service Press SN - AG-MED-22 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Los pesticidas y la salud humana: tomates AU - Cope, W.G. AU - Sanders, D.C. AU - Louws, F.J. AU - Walgenbach, J.F. AU - Chaves, A. AU - Stern, J.D. AU - Storm, J.F. AU - Buhler, W.G. A3 - North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service Press DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// M1 - AG-MED-23 PB - North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service Press SN - AG-MED-23 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Raising earthworms successfully AU - Sherman, R. A3 - NC State Cooperative Extension DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// M1 - AGW‐641/E04‐43936. PB - NC State Cooperative Extension SN - AGW‐641/E04‐43936. ER - TY - CHAP TI - Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping AU - Zeng, Z.-B. T2 - Nature encyclopedia of the human genome A2 - Cooper, David PY - 2003/// PB - Nature Publishing Group SN - 9780333803868 ER - TY - MGZN TI - Ways to control weeds AU - Peet, M.M. T2 - American Small Farm Magazine DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// SP - 25–26 ER - TY - RPRT TI - First Annual Scientific Report Comparing the performance of naturally ventilated and fan-ventilated greenhouses AU - Willits, D.H. AU - Teitel, M. AU - Tanny, J. AU - Peet, M.M. AU - Cohen, S. AU - Matan, E. T2 - Bard Project DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// M1 - US-3189-01 M3 - Bard Project SN - US-3189-01 ER - TY - CONF TI - Yield and quality responses of horticultural crops to CO2 and temperature AU - Peet, M.M. T2 - Impacts of Climate change on Horticulture: Developing a research and education outreach agenda C2 - 2003/// CY - Providence, RI DA - 2003/// PY - 2004/10/4/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Maintaining nutrient balances in container-grown tomatoes utilizing soluble organic fertilizers AU - Miles, J.F. AU - Peet, M.M. T2 - OFRF Information Bulletin DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// VL - Winter IS - 12 SP - 22–25 ER - TY - CONF TI - Developing Value-Added Practices and Branding for High-Sugar tomatoes AU - Peet, M.M. AU - Harlow, C. AU - Sykes, E. T2 - 18th Annual Southeast Vegetable & Fruit Expo C2 - 2003/// C3 - North Carolina Vegetable Growers Association 2003 Yearbook CY - Greenville, NC DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/12/2/ SP - 47 ER - TY - CONF TI - Utilizing tobacco transplant greenhouses for producing native plants for environmental restoration AU - Peet, M.M. AU - Bell, A. T2 - 18th Annual Southeast Vegetable & Fruit Expo C2 - 2003/// C3 - North Carolina Vegetable Growers Association 2003 Yearbook CY - Greenville, NC DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/12/2/ SP - 46 ER - TY - CONF TI - Organic Greenhouse Vegetable Production AU - Peet, M.M. T2 - Canadian Greenhouse Conference C2 - 2003/// CY - Mississsauga, Ontario, Canada DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/10/8/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Nutrient balances and fruit quality in containerized systems for greenhouse tomatoes utilizing soluble organic fertilizers AU - Rippy, J.M. AU - Peet, M. AU - Nelson, P. AU - Catignani, G. T2 - American Society for Horticultural Science (ASHS) 2003 Centennial Conference C2 - 2003/// C3 - HortScience CY - Providence, RI DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/10/3/ VL - 38 SP - 762 M1 - 5 ER - TY - CONF TI - Interaction of CO2 and high temperature on growth, photosynthesis, tissue nutrient concentration, yield and fruitset in tomato AU - Peet, M.M. AU - Nair, T.V.R. T2 - American Society for Horticultural Science (ASHS) 2003 Centennial Conference C2 - 2003/8// C3 - HortScience CY - Providence, RI DA - 2003/8// PY - 2003/10/3/ VL - 354 SP - 813 M1 - 5 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Cucumbers, melons, and other cucurbits AU - Wehner, T.C. AU - Maynard, D.N. T2 - Encyclopedia of Food and Culture A2 - Katz, S.H. PY - 2003/// PB - Scribner & Sons ER - TY - CHAP TI - Watermelon AU - Wehner, T.C. T2 - World Book Encyclopedia PY - 2003/// SP - 146 PB - World Book ER - TY - CHAP TI - Gene segregation and linkage analysis AU - Liu, J. AU - Wehner, T.C. AU - Donaghy, S.B. T2 - Handbook of formulas and software for plant geneticists and breeders A2 - Kang, M.S. PY - 2003/// SP - 231–253 PB - Haworth Reference Press ER - TY - CHAP TI - PATHSAS: Path coefficient analysis of quantitative traits AU - Cramer, C.S. AU - Wehner, T.C. AU - Donaghy, S.B. T2 - Handbook of formulas and software for plant geneticists and breeders A2 - Kang, M.S. PY - 2003/// SP - 89–96 PB - Haworth Reference Press ER - TY - ER - TY - RPRT TI - Earth friendly desert gardening AU - Cromell, C. AU - Miller, J. AU - Bradley, L.K. A3 - Master Gardener Press DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// PB - Master Gardener Press UR - http://cals.arizona.edu/maricopa/garden/html/pubs/mgpress/efdg.htm ER - TY - JOUR TI - Expression and Inheritance of a Transgene for Salinity Tolerance in Tomato AU - Panthee, D.R. AU - Wetten, A. AU - Caligari, P.D.S. T2 - Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science AB - The study was conducted to investigate the expression and inheritance of the transgene, oxalate oxidase, conferring salinity tolerance in transgenic lines of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). R2 seeds from different lines were assessed for oxalate oxidase, and first back-crosses were planted in the glasshouse with two levels of salt treatments (0% and 1.5%) to determine the level of enzyme expression. A qualitative assessment of R2 seeds for oxalate oxidase revealed that the gene was inherited in a normal Mendelian fashion as a single dominant gene producing a 3:1 ratio (84%) and 16% produced distinct 15:1 ratios indicating the possibility of presence of two copies of the oxalate oxidase gene in the tomato genome. A quantitative assessment of the tomato leaf extract for oxalate oxidase at different growth stages revealed that the enzyme activity was as low as 0.36 nM H2O2/min/mg protein in the control genotype to as high as 115 nM H2O2/min/mg protein in transgenic lines, but there were no significant differences between transgenic lines. Salt treated plants had higher enzyme activity than untreated. There were no differences between young and old leaves for enzyme expression. There was a decreasing trend of enzyme activity with the age of the plant.J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 2003 24:43-50 DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// DO - 10.3126/jiaas.v24i0.372 IS - 24 SP - 43 –50 SN - 0000-0000 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jiaas.v24i0.372 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Stability of Internal Heat Necrosis and Specific Gravity in Tetraploid × Diploid Potatoes AU - Sterrett, S. B. AU - Henninger, M. R. AU - Yencho, G. C. AU - Lu, W. AU - Vinyard, B. T. AU - Haynes, K. G. T2 - Crop Science AB - Internal heat necrosis (IHN) is a severe physiological disorder of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers, characterized by brown spots that first appear near the apical end of the tuber parenchyma, although most of the parenchyma tissue is involved in severe cases. The purposes of this study were to evaluate 4x-2x clones of S. tuberosum × S. phureja Juz. & Bukasov–S. stenotomum Juz. & Bukasov (phu-stn) for specific gravity (SG) and incidence and severity of IHN in the mid-Atlantic states, and identify clones with low incidence and severity of IHN and high SG for future enhancement efforts in S. tuberosum In 1999 and 2000, 26 and 88 4x-2x clones, respectively, and the check cultivar ‘Atlantic’ were grown in North Carolina, Virginia, and New Jersey, in a randomized complete block design with two replications. At harvest, tubers > 64 mm in diameter were rated for IHN. The SG was also determined. The correlation between incidence and severity of IHN was very high; however, there was no correlation between IHN and SG. There were significant differences among the clones for SG and IHN. There were also significant clone × location interactions for SG and IHN. Several 4x-2x clones were identified each year with significantly less IHN, and higher SG than Atlantic. The majority of these clones were stable both before and after removal of environmental heterogeneity. These results indicate that phu-stn has the potential to expand the tetraploid potato breeding base for both high SG and resistance to IHN in the mid-Atlantic states. DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// DO - 10.2135/cropsci2003.0790 VL - 43 IS - 3 SP - 790 ER - TY - CONF TI - Variation in ploidy level among flowering crabapples AU - Eaker, T.A. AU - Ranney, T.G. AU - Olsen, R.T. AU - Mowrey, J.A. C2 - 2003/// C3 - Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 48th Annual Report DA - 2003/// SP - 496–499 ER - TY - CONF TI - Reproductive behavior of diploid and allopolyploid ×Chitalpa tashketensis AU - Olsen, R.T. AU - Ranney, T.G. AU - Eaker, T.A. C2 - 2003/// C3 - Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 48th Annual Report DA - 2003/// SP - 513–516 ER - TY - CONF TI - Re-inventing sweetshrubs AU - Ranney, T.G. C2 - 2003/// C3 - Proceedings of the International Plant Propagators’ Society DA - 2003/// VL - 53 SP - 522–524 ER - TY - CONF TI - Prospects for genetically modified ornamental plants AU - Adkins, J.A. AU - Werner, D.J. AU - Ranney, T.G. C2 - 2003/// C3 - Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 48th Annual Report DA - 2003/// SP - 502–504 ER - TY - CONF TI - Levels of endogenous phenolics and their possible role in resistance to fire blight in Malus taxa AU - Bell, A.C. AU - Ranney, T.G. AU - Eaker, T.A. AB - Japanese beetles (JB), Popillia japonica Newman, are destructive, highly polyphagous herbivores that show a general preference for Rosaceous plants. Choice and nochoice feeding assays were conducted to determine the level of resistance among 10 taxa of Malus spp. Mill. Under no-choice conditions, M. baccata (L.) Borkh. `Jackii', M. × `Hargozam' Harvest Gold and M. transitoria (Balatin) Schneider `Schmitcutleaf' Golden Raindrops were highly resistant, with <2 cm 2 leaf area consumed in 24 hours. M. × `Radiant' was highly susceptible, with 7.6 cm 2 consumed, and the remaining six cultivars were intermediate. Under choice conditions, eight taxa were resistant with <10% defoliation, M. × `Red Splendor' was intermediate with 26%, and M. × `Radiant' was susceptible with 73% defoliation. Feeding responses to eight individual phenolics were tested in artificial diets over a range from 0 to 100 m m . Phloridzin, phloretin, naringenin, and catechin were all feeding deterrents, whereas quercetin and rutin were feeding stimulants. Chlorogenic acid stimulated feeding at low concentrations and deterred feeding at higher concentrations (i.e., a peak response). Kaempferol had no effect. Analysis of endogenous foliar phenolics showed considerable variation in concentrations among taxa. Stepwise multiple regression analysis identified phloridzin as the only endogenous phenolic that was significantly related to resistance under both choice and no-choice feeding conditions. C2 - 2003/// C3 - Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 48th Annual Report DA - 2003/// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.33.5.862 SP - 221–225 KW - Popillia japonica KW - Rosaceae KW - apple KW - crabapple KW - pest resistance KW - antixenosis KW - antifeedant KW - secondary metabolites ER - TY - CONF TI - Introducing ‘Venus' sweetshrub PPAF AU - Ranney, T.G. AU - Eaker, T.A. C2 - 2003/// C3 - Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 48th Annual Report DA - 2003/// SP - 505–507 ER - TY - CONF TI - A new intergeneric hybrid between Franklinia alatamaha and Schima argentea: ×Schimlinia floribunda (Theaceae) AU - Ranney, T.G. AU - Eaker, T.A. AU - Fantz, P.R. AU - Parks, C.R. C2 - 2003/// C3 - Proceedings of the International Plant Propagators’ Society DA - 2003/// VL - 53 SP - 608–609 ER - TY - CONF TI - Cultivar and maturation effects on the allelochemical content of ten cultivars of rye AU - Reberg-Horton, S.C. AU - Creamer, N.G. AU - Danehower, D.A. AU - Ma, G. AU - Monks, D.W. AU - Murphy, J.P. AU - Ranells, N.N. AU - Williamson, J.D. AU - Burton, J.D. C2 - 2003/// C3 - Proceedings of the Annual Meeting - Northeastern Weed Science Society DA - 2003/// VL - 57 SP - 84 ER - TY - JOUR TI - MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF OLIVE GERMPLASM IN IRAN BY USE OF RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA (RAPD) AND CORRELATION WITH PHENOTYPIC STUDIES: PRELIMINARY RESULTS AU - Samaee, S.M. AU - Shobbar, Z.S. AU - Ashrafi, H. AU - Hosseini-Mazinani, M. AU - Sheidai, M. T2 - Acta Horticulturae AB - ISHS XXVI International Horticultural Congress: Plant Genetic Resources, The Fabric of Horticultures Future MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF OLIVE GERMPLASM IN IRAN BY USE OF RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA (RAPD) AND CORRELATION WITH PHENOTYPIC STUDIES: PRELIMINARY RESULTS DA - 2003/7// PY - 2003/7// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2003.623.18 VL - 7 IS - 623 SP - 169-175 KW - Olea europea L. Cultivars KW - Multivariate Analysis ER - TY - JOUR TI - Versatility key to wood waste, C&D debris recovery AU - Sherman, R. T2 - BioCycle DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// VL - 44 IS - 5 SP - 30-34 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Texas transportation department accelerates highway use of compost AU - Sherman, R. T2 - BioCycle DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// VL - 44 IS - 7 SP - 24-28 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Storm brings massive wood waste to North Carolina AU - Sherman, R. T2 - BioCycle DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// VL - 44 IS - 1 SP - 30 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Raising earthworms successfully AU - Sherman, R. DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// PB - Raleigh, NC: Cooperative Extension Service ER - TY - JOUR TI - Markets for blends and bags of compost AU - Sherman, R. T2 - BioCycle DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// VL - 44 IS - 8 SP - 45-50 ER - TY - JOUR TI - High volume restaurant makes composting leap AU - Sherman, R. T2 - BioCycle DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// VL - 44 IS - 8 SP - 28-32 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Exploring superior systems to manage manure AU - Sherman, R. T2 - BioCycle DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// VL - 44 IS - 2 SP - 32-37 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Commercial food residuals initiative in North Carolina AU - Clayton, J. AU - Sherman, R. T2 - BioCycle DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// VL - 44 IS - 6 SP - 28-30 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Arresting corrosion in compost structures AU - Sherman, R. T2 - BioCycle DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// VL - 44 IS - 11 SP - 45-50 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mist, soil water potential, and cutting water potential influence rooting of stem cuttings of loblolly pine AU - LeBude, AV AU - Blazich, FA AU - Goldfarb, B AU - Frampton, LJ AU - Wise, FC T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS AND HORTICULTURE CROPS DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2003.618.15 IS - 618 SP - 147-151 SN - 0567-7572 KW - vegetative propagation KW - shoot water potential KW - timber species KW - Pinus taeda ER - TY - CONF TI - Waste heat utilization in a greenhouse used for the removal of nutrients from a swine waste stream AU - Willits, D. H. AU - Marbis, J. M. AU - Cheng, J. AU - Peet, M. M. AU - Shearin, T. C2 - 2003/// C3 - ASAE annual International Meeting 2003, Las Vegas : The Riviera Hotel, July 27-30, 2003 DA - 2003/// VL - 034043 ER - TY - CONF TI - Utilization of nutrients in anaerobically-pretreated swine wastewater for greenhouse tomato production AU - Shearin, T. E. AU - Cheng, Jay AU - Peet, Mary AU - Willits, D. H. AB - Swine waste treatment in North Carolina typically consists of an anaerobic lagoon and sprayfieldupon which crops are grown to utilize the nutrients. Currently, swine lagoon effluent must beapplied at agronomic rates to satisfy the crops nitrogen (N) needs. The majority of landapplication occurs in the summer months, when the weather is typically hot and dry. Agreenhouse tomato production system has been tested for more efficient utilization of nutrients inanaerobically-pretreated swine wastewater. Two 2,600-m2 greenhouses were constructed on a4,000-sow farm located in Johnston County, North Carolina. The swine wastewater was firsttreated in an Ambient Temperature Anaerobic Digester (ATAnD) and the effluent stored in astorage pond. Before being applied to 14,000 tomato plants in the greenhouses, the effluent wastreated in a nitrification biofilter to convert the ammonium (NH4+) into nitrate (NO3-) becausetomato plants prefer the latter as the nitrogen nutrient for their growth. Preliminary data indicatedthat the tomato greenhouses have used approximately 12 m3 of the effluent per day. Based on anaverage inorganic N (NH4+ plus NO3-) concentration of 123 mg/l in the biofilter effluent, thegreenhouses have utilized approximately 1.48 kg N/day. At the same time, the greenhousesproduced a daily yield of 711 kg of marketable fruit, sold at a gross price of $2.20/kg. Thepreliminary findings have shown that the utilization of nutrients in swine wastewater forgreenhouse tomato production is a viable alternative to the traditional system. In addition to thehigh daily N utilization rate, the fruit yields are comparable to conventional greenhouseproduction. Also, the utilization of the treated wastewater during the winter months decreases thepossibility of lagoon overflows and/or spills. C2 - 2003/// C3 - Animal, Agricultural and Food Processing Wastes IX : proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium, 12-15 October, 2003, Raleigh, North Carolina DA - 2003/// DO - 10.13031/2013.15240 SN - 1892769328 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Four-year results from a clonal test of loblolly pine AU - Goldfarb, B. AU - Isik, F. AU - LeBude, A. AU - McKeand, S. AU - Li, B. T2 - Proc. 27th Biennial Southern Forest Tree Improvement Conference DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// VL - 27 SP - 42 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Propagation of Lindera umbellata by stem cuttings AU - Conden, P. J. AU - Blazich, F. A. T2 - Journal of Environmental Horticulture DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// VL - 21 IS - 4 SP - 181 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Propagation of Castanopsis sclerophylla by stem cuttings AU - Conden, P. J. AU - Blazich, F. A. T2 - Journal of Environmental Horticulture DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// VL - 21 IS - 2 SP - 61 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nitrogen nutrition of containerized Ternstroemia gymnanthera AU - Conden, P. J. AU - Warren, S. L. AU - Blazich, F. A. T2 - Journal of Environmental Horticulture DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// VL - 21 IS - 2 SP - 73 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Efficacy of plant growth regulators on the growth of Argyranthemum frutescens 'Comet Pink' AU - Gibson, JL AU - Cavins, TJ AU - Greer, L AU - Whipker, BE AU - Dole, JM T2 - ELEGANT SCIENCE IN FLORICULTURE DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2003.624.28 IS - 624 SP - 213-216 SN - 0567-7572 KW - marguerite daisy KW - B-Nine KW - Bonzi KW - Flurprimidol KW - Sumagic KW - triazoles ER - TY - JOUR TI - DOUBLE CROPPING OF STRAWBERRIES IN AN ANNUAL SYSTEM USING CONDITIONED PLUG PLANTS AND HIGH TUNNELS AU - Fernandez, G.E. AU - Ballington, J.R. T2 - Acta Horticulturae AB - ISHS VI International Symposium on Protected Cultivation in Mild Winter Climate: Product and Process Innovation DOUBLE CROPPING OF STRAWBERRIES IN AN ANNUAL SYSTEM USING CONDITIONED PLUG PLANTS AND HIGH TUNNELS DA - 2003/9// PY - 2003/9// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2003.614.81 IS - 614 SP - 547-552 J2 - Acta Hortic. OP - SN - 0567-7572 2406-6168 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2003.614.81 DB - Crossref KW - Fragaria x ananassa KW - off-season production KW - protected cultivation KW - season extension KW - unheated plastic tunnels ER - TY - JOUR TI - Heat Stress Increases Sensitivity of Pollen, Fruit and Seed Production in Tomatoes (Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill.) to non-optimal Vapor Pressure Deficits AU - Peet, M. AU - Sato, S. AU - Clément, C. AU - Pressman, E. T2 - Acta Horticulturae DA - 2003/11// PY - 2003/11// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2003.618.23 VL - 11 IS - 618 SP - 209–215 SN - 0567-7572 2406-6168 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2003.618.23 KW - temperature stress KW - plant sexual reproduction KW - male sterility KW - relative humidity KW - pollen germination KW - pollen release KW - anther dehiscence KW - fruitset KW - undeveloped flowers ER - TY - JOUR TI - Discovery and commercialization of 1-methylcyclopropene as an ethylene inhibitor AU - Blankenship, SM T2 - ISSUES AND ADVANCES IN POSTHARVEST HORTICULTURE, VOLS 1 AND 2 DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2003.628.22 IS - 628 SP - 189-191 SN - 0567-7572 KW - SmartFresh KW - EthylBloc KW - tomato ER - TY - JOUR TI - Trifluralin (Preen) dissipation from the surface layer of a soilless plant growth substrate AU - Judge, C. A. AU - Neal, J. C. AU - Leidy, R. B. T2 - Journal of Environmental Horticulture DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// VL - 21 IS - 4 SP - 216 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 losses in North Carolina AU - Whipker, B. E. T2 - North Carolina Flower Growers' Bulletin DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// VL - 48 IS - 4 SP - 4 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Polygenic inheritance of some vine traits in two segregating watermelon families AU - Gusmini, G. AU - Wehner, T. C. T2 - Report (Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative) DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// IS - 26 SP - 32 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mass production of gummy stem blight spores for resistance screening AU - Gusmini, G. AU - Ellington, T. L. AU - Wehner, T. C. T2 - Report (Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative) DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// IS - 26 SP - 26 ER - TY - JOUR TI - FERTCALC -- a fertilizer mixing calculator AU - Krug, B. A. AU - Whipker, B. E. AU - Peet, M. T2 - North Carolina Flower Growers' Bulletin DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// VL - 48 IS - 6 SP - 8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluating recovery of Cupressaceae taxa after flooding at contrasting temperatures AU - Holland, B. T. AU - Warren, S. L. AU - Ranney, T. G. T2 - Journal of Environmental Horticulture DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// VL - 21 IS - 1 SP - 51 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Efficacy of flurprimidol (topflor) on bedding plants AU - Whipker, BE AU - McCall, I AU - Gibson, JL AU - Cavins, TJ T2 - ELEGANT SCIENCE IN FLORICULTURE DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2003.624.58 IS - 624 SP - 413-418 SN - 0567-7572 KW - ageratum KW - begonia KW - celosia KW - coleus KW - plant growth regulators KW - salvia KW - vinca ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparing paclobutrazols AU - Whipker, B. E. AU - McCall, I. T2 - North Carolina Flower Growers' Bulletin DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// VL - 48 IS - 6 SP - 10 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Recent advances in brassinosteroid research: From molecular mechanisms to practical applications AU - Clouse, SD T2 - JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION DA - 2003/12// PY - 2003/12// DO - 10.1007/s00344-003-0067-y VL - 22 IS - 4 SP - 273-275 SN - 0721-7595 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Remontant flowering potential of ten Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. cultivars AU - Adkins, J. A. AU - Dirr, M. A. T2 - HortScience DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// VL - 38 IS - 7 SP - 1337-1340 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ornamental cabbage quality improved by continual fertilization through center-head coloration AU - Gibson, JL AU - Whipker, BE T2 - HORTSCIENCE AB - Current fertilizer recommendations for ornamental cabbage ( Brassica oleracea var. acephala DC.) suggest applying 150 to 300 mg·L -1 N until the initiation of color development, after which fertilization should be reduced or discontinued. Because these plants are actively growing during cool weather when coloration is initiated, nutrient deficiencies may reduce overall plant quality. The objectives of this study were to investigate N to K ratios for plant growth of ornamental cabbage and the effects of continual and discontinued fertilization during the period of coloration. Fertilizing with 150 to 200 mg·L -1 N and 150 to 200 mg·L -1 K produced high-quality plants and provided sufficient tissue concentrations of N and K. Center-head coloration was not inhibited by N concentrations as high as 250 mg·L -1 . Ceasing fertilization prior to center-head coloration resulted in the rapid depletion of N, P, and K concentrations in the lower foliage, leading to the appearance of deficiency symptoms and lower leaf loss. Plants were still actively growing as measured by increased shoot mass during the early stages of coloration; therefore, growers should continue to provide a complete analysis fertilizer at N concentrations ≥150 mg·L -1 until market date. DA - 2003/12// PY - 2003/12// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.38.7.1381 VL - 38 IS - 7 SP - 1381-1384 SN - 0018-5345 KW - Brassica oleracea var. acephala KW - nitrogen KW - potassium KW - tissue analysis ER - TY - JOUR TI - Brassinosteroids: Modes of BR action and signal transduction AU - Oh, MH AU - Clouse, SD T2 - JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOLOGY DA - 2003/3// PY - 2003/3// DO - 10.1007/bf03030294 VL - 46 IS - 1 SP - 1-9 SN - 1867-0725 KW - Arabidopsis thaliana KW - brassinosteroids KW - Oryza sativa KW - receptor kinase KW - signaling molecule ER - TY - BOOK TI - Greenhouse operation and management (3rd ed.) AU - Nelson, P. V. CN - SB415 .N44 2003 DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// PB - Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall SN - 0130105775 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nitrogen availability seven years after a high-rate food waste compost application AU - Sullivan, D. M. AU - Bary, A. I. AU - Nartea, T. J. AU - Myrhe, E. A. AU - Cogger, C. G. AU - Fransen, S. C. T2 - Compost Science & Utilization AB - Long-term effects of compost application are expected, but rarely measured. A 7-yr growth trial was conducted to determine nitrogen availability following a one-time compost application. Six food waste composts were produced in a pilot-scale project using two composting methods (aerated static pile and aerated, turned windrow), and three bulking agents (yard trimmings, yard trimmings + mixed paper waste, and wood waste + sawdust). For the growth trial, composts were incorporated into the top 8 to 10 cm of a sandy loam soil at application rates of approximately 155 Mg ha−1 (about 7 yd3 1000 ft2). Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb. ‘A.U. Triumph’) was seeded after compost incorporation, and was harvested 40 times over a 7-yr period. Grass yield and grass N uptake for the compost treatments was greater than that produced without compost at the same fertilizer N rate. The one-time compost application increased grass N uptake by a total of 294 to 527 kg ha−1 during the 7-yr. field experiment. The greatest grass yield response to compost application occurred during the second and third years after compost application, when annual grass N uptake was increased by 93 to 114 kg ha−1 yr−1. Grass yield response to the one-time compost application continued at about the same level for Years 4 through 7, increasing grass N uptake by 42 to 62 kg ha−1 yr−1. Soil mineralizable N tests done at 3 and 6 yr. after application also demonstrated higher N availability with compost. The increase in grass N uptake accounted for 15 to 20% of compost N applied after 7-yr. for food waste composts produced with any of the bulking agents. After 7-yr, increased soil organic matter (total soil C and N) in the compost-amended soil accounted for approximately 18% of compost-C and 33% of compost-N applied. This study confirmed the long-term value of compost amendment for supplying slow-release N for crop growth. DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// DO - 10.1080/1065657x.2003.10702133 VL - 11 IS - 3 SP - 265-275 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Agroecology: The ecology of food systems AU - Francis, C AU - Lieblein, G AU - Gliessman, S AU - Breland, TA AU - Creamer, N AU - Harwood, R AU - Salomonsson, L AU - Helenius, J AU - Rickerl, D AU - Salvador, R AU - Wiedenhoeft, M AU - Simmons, S AU - Allen, P AU - Altieri, M AU - Flora, C AU - Poincelot, R T2 - JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AB - ABSTRACT We present a compelling rationale for defining agroecology as the ecology of food systems. Our purpose is to provide a framework that will guide research, education, and action in the multiple and interacting facets of an increasingly complex global agriculture and food system. To accomplish such goals, it is essential to build bridges and connections among and beyond our disciplines in production agriculture, as well as beyond the farm gate into the rural landscape and community. Fields of sociology, anthropology, environmental sciences, ethics, and economics are crucial to the mix. They provide additional vantage points from which we can view the food system anew, as well as insights on how to establish valuation criteria beyond neoclassical economics. Examples from Mexico, California, and the Nordic Region are used to illustrate the successful implementation of this educational strategy in universities. Design of individual farms using principles of ecology is expanded to the levels of landscape, community, and bioregion, with emphasis on uniqueness of place and the people and other species that inhabit that place. We conclude that defining agroecology as the ecology of food systems will foster the development of broader interdisciplinary research teams and attractive systems-based courses for tomorrow's best students. In contrast to the narrow focus on crop-soil interactions, this definition will help us raise higher-level research questions whose solutions will advance the development of a sustainable agriculture and food system. KEYWORDS: Agricultural systemsholistic researchaction learninginterdisciplinary studies DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// DO - 10.1300/J064v22n03_10 VL - 22 IS - 3 SP - 99-118 SN - 1044-0046 KW - agricultural systems KW - holistic research KW - action learning KW - interdisciplinary studies ER - TY - JOUR TI - Release of six sweetpotato cultivars ('NASPOT 1' to 'NASPOT 6') in Uganda AU - Mwanga, R. O. M. AU - Odongo, B. AU - Turyamureeba, G. AU - Alajo, A. AU - Yencho, G. C. AU - Gibson, R. W. AU - Smit, N. AU - Carey, E. E. T2 - HortScience DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// VL - 38 IS - 3 SP - 475-476 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Intron and polypeptide evolution of conserved NPA to NPA motif regions in plant aquaporins AU - Xie, J. H. AU - Wehner, T. C. AU - Wollenberg, K. AU - Purugganan, M. D. AU - Conkling, M. A. T2 - Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// VL - 128 IS - 4 SP - 591-597 ER - TY - JOUR TI - High-density apple orchard performance on an orchard replant site: An 11-year summary AU - Unrath, C. R. T2 - HortTechnology DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// VL - 13 IS - 3 SP - 473-476 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Acephate exposure and decontamination on tobacco harvesters' hands AU - Curwin, BD AU - Hein, MJ AU - Sanderson, WT AU - Nishioka, M AU - Buhler, W T2 - JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY DA - 2003/5// PY - 2003/5// DO - 10.1038/sj.jea.7500271 VL - 13 IS - 3 SP - 203-210 SN - 1053-4245 KW - pesticides KW - acephate KW - hand exposure KW - hand washing KW - tobacco harvester ER - TY - JOUR TI - Five years of Paulownia field trials in North Carolina AU - Bergmann, BA T2 - NEW FORESTS DA - 2003/5// PY - 2003/5// DO - 10.1023/A:1022983602103 VL - 25 IS - 3 SP - 185-199 SN - 0169-4286 KW - animal waste KW - clones KW - field performance KW - genotype KW - Paulownia elongata KW - Paulownia fortunei KW - Paulownia X 'Henan 1' KW - Princess tree KW - propagation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cultivar decline in sweetpotato: II. Impact of virus infection on yield and storage root quality in 'Beauregard' and 'Hernandez' AU - Bryan, A. D. AU - Schultheis, J. R. AU - Pesic-Vanesbroeck, Z. AU - Yencho, G. C. T2 - Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// VL - 128 IS - 6 SP - 856-863 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Aluminum foil, aluminium-painted, plastic, and degradable mulches increase yields and decrease insect-vectored viral diseases of vegetables AU - Greer, L. AU - Dole, J. M. T2 - HortTechnology DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// VL - 13 IS - 2 SP - 276-284 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Survey of US land-grant universities for training of plant breeding students AU - Guner, N. AU - Wehner, Todd T2 - Crop Science AB - A survey was conducted to identify land‐grant universities in the USA having plant breeding programs, and to determine the number of domestic and international plant breeding students graduating at the M.S. and Ph.D. levels from those programs in 1995 to 2000. A total of 71 U.S. land‐grant universities were identified. There were 409 (53%) Ph.D. and 361 (47%) M.S. degrees awarded. Of the total, 362 (47%) graduates were domestic and 408 (53%) were international. There was no major change in the total number of plant breeding graduates during the 6‐yr period. The largest numbers of plant breeding students were trained in agronomy (crop science) departments, followed by plant breeding departments or groups, horticulture departments, plant science departments, and combined agronomy–horticulture departments. Universities with an average of seven or more graduates per year were University of Wisconsin‐Madison, North Carolina State University, University of Nebraska‐Lincoln, Cornell University, University of Minnesota‐St. Paul, Iowa State University, and Texas A&M University. The downward trend noted in previous surveys has continued to the point where there are only a few universities with large plant breeding programs remaining in each region of the country. If the USA is going to continue its public effort in plant breeding research and graduate student training, sufficient federal and state funding will have to be provided to support at least the current regional centers. DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// DO - 10.2135/cropsci2003.1938 VL - 43 IS - 6 SP - 1938–1944 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Polyploidy and sexual polyploidization in the genus Vaccinium AU - Lyrene, PM AU - Vorsa, N AU - Ballington, , JR T2 - EUPHYTICA DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// DO - 10.1023/A:1025608408727 VL - 133 IS - 1 SP - 27-36 SN - 1573-5060 KW - autopolyploidy KW - amphidiploidy KW - blueberry KW - hybridization KW - plant breeding KW - triploid block KW - unreduced gametes KW - 2n gametes ER - TY - JOUR TI - Optimizing marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) petal and pigment yield AU - Bosma, TL AU - Dole, JM AU - Maness, NO T2 - CROP SCIENCE AB - African marigold ( Tagetes erecta L.) flower pigments can be extracted and used as a natural food additive to color egg yolks orange and poultry skin yellow. Five cultivars were examined for their ability to be grown commercially and mechanically harvested. ‘E‐1236’ was consistently a top producer for three seasons in terms of flower number, flower diameter, plant and flower canopy height, plant stand, and fresh flower, dried flower, and dried petal yield. E‐1236 produced the greatest quantity of lutein, a carotenoid pigment, in 1998 (22.0 kg ha −1 ), and E‐1236 and ‘Orange Lady’ both produced the greatest quantities in 1999 (20.7 and 21.3 kg ha −1 , respectively). Transplanted rather than direct‐seeded plants produced two more harvests in a single season resulting in greater amounts of lutein production by transplants. In 1998, one mid‐season ammonium nitrate application (28 kg ha −1 ) resulted in larger flower diameters with direct‐seeded plants but did not affect dried petal yield. Plants were hedge trimmed in 1999 to mimic mechanical harvesting; this resulted in a 45 to 55% reduction in flower harvest data compared with hand‐harvested flowers. Of the cultivars tested, Orange Lady produced the greatest quantity of lutein (10.6 kg ha −1 ) when hedge trimmed. DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// DO - 10.2135/cropsci2003.2118 VL - 43 IS - 6 SP - 2118-2124 SN - 0011-183X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Elevation of transgene expression level by flanking matrix attachment regions (MAR) is promoter dependent: a study of the interactions of six promoters with the RB7 3 ' MAR AU - Mankin, SL AU - Allen, GC AU - Phelan, T AU - Spiker, S AU - Thompson, WF T2 - TRANSGENIC RESEARCH DA - 2003/2// PY - 2003/2// DO - 10.1023/A:1022194120518 VL - 12 IS - 1 SP - 3-12 SN - 0962-8819 KW - gene silencing KW - matrix attachment regions KW - transformation KW - transgene expression ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cultivar decline in sweetpotato: I. Impact of micropropagation on yield, storage root quality, and virus incidence in 'Beauregard' AU - Bryan, A. D. AU - Pesic-Vanesbroeck, Z. AU - Schultheis, J. R. AU - Pecota, K. V. AU - Swallow, W. H. AU - Yencho, G. C. T2 - Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// VL - 128 IS - 6 SP - 846-855 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Analysis of trans-silencing interactions using transcriptional silencers of varying strength and targets with and without flanking nuclear matrix attachment regions AU - Ascenzi, R AU - Ulker, B AU - Todd, JJ AU - Sowinski, DA AU - Schimeneck, CR AU - Allen, GC AU - Weissinger, AK AU - Thompson, WF T2 - TRANSGENIC RESEARCH DA - 2003/6// PY - 2003/6// DO - 10.1023/A:1023310118231 VL - 12 IS - 3 SP - 305-318 SN - 1573-9368 KW - matrix attachment region KW - tobacco KW - transcriptional gene silencing KW - transgene expression KW - trans-silencing ER - TY - JOUR TI - A Nicotiana tabacum cell culture selected for accelerated growth on mannose has increased expression of phosphomannose isomerase AU - Barb, AW AU - Pharr, DM AU - Williamson, JD T2 - PLANT SCIENCE AB - Phosphomannose isomerase (PMI), a key enzyme in mannose (Man) metabolism, is expressed at very low levels in many plant species. For example, measured PMI activity in Nicotiana tabacum (NT1) suspension cells is relatively low, resulting in slow metabolism of Man. Not surprisingly then, NT1 cultures were observed to grow six times faster on glucose (Glc) than on Man as sole carbon source. We report here the selection of a mutant NT1 cell line that grows four times faster on Man than the parental culture from which it was derived. This cell line had fivefold greater PMI activity than the parental culture, which likely contributes to the increased growth rate on Man. The selected line continued to express elevated PMI activity after transfer to Glc, suggesting a stable genetic change. However, the selected line grew more slowly than the wild type on Glc. This was likely due to a more than 50% reduction in hexokinase (HK) activity, an enzyme that is required for the phosphorylation and subsequent metabolism of Glc. Unlike HK, fructokinase activity was essentially unchanged in the mutant cell lines. However, activities of the carbohydrate metabolic enzymes phosphoglucose isomerase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase were also higher in mutant cells. DA - 2003/9// PY - 2003/9// DO - 10.1016/S0168-9452(03)00250-4 VL - 165 IS - 3 SP - 639-648 SN - 0168-9452 KW - phosphomannose isomerase (PMI) KW - tobacco KW - Nicotiana tabacum KW - mannose KW - metabolism ER - TY - JOUR TI - The effect of eight dwarf rootstocks on burrknot development on 'gala' apple trees at two locations AU - Marini, R. P. AU - Parker, M. L. AU - Barden, J. A. AU - Unrath, C. R. T2 - Journal American Pomological Society DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// VL - 57 IS - 2 SP - 93-96 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Stability of Internal Heat Necrosis and Specific Gravity in Tetraploid × Diploid Potatoes AU - Sterrett, S. B. AU - Henninger, M. R. AU - Yencho, G. C. AU - Lu, W. AU - Vinyard, B. T. AU - Haynes, K. G. T2 - Crop Science AB - Internal heat necrosis (IHN) is a severe physiological disorder of potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers, characterized by brown spots that first appear near the apical end of the tuber parenchyma, although most of the parenchyma tissue is involved in severe cases. The purposes of this study were to evaluate 4x‐2x clones of S. tuberosum × S. phureja Juz. & Bukasov –S. stenotomum Juz. & Bukasov ( phu‐stn ) for specific gravity (SG) and incidence and severity of IHN in the mid‐Atlantic states, and identify clones with low incidence and severity of IHN and high SG for future enhancement efforts in S. tuberosum In 1999 and 2000, 26 and 88 4x‐2x clones, respectively, and the check cultivar ‘Atlantic’ were grown in North Carolina, Virginia, and New Jersey, in a randomized complete block design with two replications. At harvest, tubers > 64 mm in diameter were rated for IHN. The SG was also determined. The correlation between incidence and severity of IHN was very high; however, there was no correlation between IHN and SG. There were significant differences among the clones for SG and IHN. There were also significant clone × location interactions for SG and IHN. Several 4x‐2x clones were identified each year with significantly less IHN, and higher SG than Atlantic. The majority of these clones were stable both before and after removal of environmental heterogeneity. These results indicate that phu‐stn has the potential to expand the tetraploid potato breeding base for both high SG and resistance to IHN in the mid‐Atlantic states. DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// DO - 10.2135/cropsci2003.7900 VL - 43 IS - 3 SP - 790 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Boron improves growth, yield, quality, and nutrient content of tomato AU - Davis, J. M. AU - Sanders, D. C. AU - Nelson, P. V. AU - Lengnick, L. AU - Sperry, W. J. T2 - Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// VL - 128 IS - 3 SP - 441-446 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genetic dissection of hybrid Incompatibilities between Drosophila simulansand D. mauritiana. II. Mapping hybrid male sterility loci on the third chromosome AU - Tao, Y. AU - Zeng, Z. B. AU - Li, J. AU - Hartl, D. L. AU - Laurie, C. C. T2 - Genetics DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// VL - 164 IS - 4 SP - 1399-1418 ER - TY - JOUR TI - From philosophy to science: A brief history of organic horticulture in the United States AU - Treadwell, D. D. AU - McKinney, D. E. AU - Creamer, N. G. T2 - HortScience DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// VL - 38 IS - 5 SP - 1009-1014 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of relative humidity, calcium supply, and forcing season on tulip calcium status during hydroponic forcing AU - Nelson, PV AU - Kowalczyk, W AU - Niedziela, CE AU - Mingis, NC AU - Swallow, WH T2 - SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE AB - Abstract The tulip ( Tulipa gesneriana L.) cultivars ‘Abra’, ‘Christmas Marvel’, ‘Golden Melody’, and ‘Jingle Bell’ were forced hydroponically during two early forcing periods (FPs) and ‘Golden Melody’ and ‘Oscar’ during two late FP. Treatments were factorial combinations of two relative humidity (RH) levels (42 and 82%) and five Ca(NO 3 ) 2 levels (0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mM). The study was conducted in growth chambers at a constant 19 °C and a 14 h daylength in which 70 μmol s −1  m −2 PPF was provided by cool white florescent lamps. Calcium uptake and accumulation were less at 82% RH as compared to 42% RH; however, the incidence of Ca deficiency symptoms did not increase at the higher RH. A 2.5 mM Ca(NO 3 ) 2 solution prevented Ca deficiency symptoms in all cultivars except ‘Abra’ during all FP. Plants in FP4 (26 March–18April) weighed less and accumulated less Ca than the same cultivars in the earlier FP. Calcium uptake and transpiration were lower in distilled water and 20 mM Ca(NO 3 ) 2 than other Ca(NO 3 ) 2 treatments after day 22 in FP1 (22 December–26 January). Total Ca content was lower in the flowers of ‘Golden Melody’ tulips forced in distilled water than the Ca(NO 3 ) 2 treatments. Calcium dry weight (DW) concentration and total Ca content in the flowers of ‘Golden Melody’ tulips forced at 42% RH were higher than at 82% RH. Total Ca content in the flowers of ‘Golden Melody’ tulips decreased from FP3 to FP4. DA - 2003/9/29/ PY - 2003/9/29/ DO - 10.1016/S0304-4238(03)00034-7 VL - 98 IS - 4 SP - 409-422 SN - 1879-1018 KW - calcium KW - deficiency KW - forcing KW - humidity KW - hydroponics KW - nutrition KW - tulip ER - TY - JOUR TI - Light, temperature, seed burial, and mulch effects on mulberry weed (Fatoua villosa) seed germination AU - Penny, GM AU - Neal, JC T2 - WEED TECHNOLOGY AB - Fatoua villosa (mulberry weed) is a new and invasive weed of container nurseries and landscapes in the southeastern United States. Studies were conducted to determine the effects of light, planting depth, mulch depth, and temperature on mulberry weed seed germination and seedling emergence. Light stimulated mulberry weed seed germination, with less than 5% of seeds germinating in the dark compared with 48 to 60% germinating in the light. In all emergence studies, the highest number of seedlings emerged when seeds were placed on the soil surface, with emergence decreasing as planting or mulch depth increased. Planting depths of ≥ 1.8 cm or mulch depths of ≥ 3.7 cm reduced mulberry weed emergence by ≥ 90%. These data suggest that mulch would control mulberry weed effectively. To study the effects of temperature on germination, two seed batches collected locally in October 1998 and August 1999 were used. Maximum germination of seeds collected in 1998 occurred at 25 C, with germination decreasing at higher temperatures and no germination at lower than 15 C or over 40 C. For seeds collected in 1999, maximum germination occurred from 19 to 29 C, with germination decreasing with temperatures above 29 C or below 19 C. At temperatures of 15 and 42 C germination, percentages were 71 and 11%, respectively. Seedlings germinated at 15 C developed slowly but otherwise appeared normal. For both seed lots, seedlings were stunted and chlorotic at ≥ 38 C. That mulberry weed seed germinated over a wide range of temperatures suggests its potential to emerge throughout most of spring, summer, and autumn in the southeastern United States.Nomenclature: Mulberry weed, Fatoua villosa (Thunb.) Nakai.Additional index words: Germination, light, mulch, planting depth, temperature. DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// DO - 10.1614/0890-037X(2003)017[0213:LTSBAM]2.0.CO;2 VL - 17 IS - 2 SP - 213-218 SN - 0890-037X KW - germination KW - light KW - mulch KW - planting depth KW - temperature ER - TY - JOUR TI - Herbicide efficacy using a wet-blade application system AU - Henson, SE AU - Skroch, WA AU - Burton, JD AU - Worsham, AD T2 - WEED TECHNOLOGY AB - Field research was conducted to test a method of herbicide application in which chemical is placed directly onto cut surfaces of plants during a mowing operation. Specially designed mowers equipped with a fluid application system allow for low-volume herbicide application from the cutting blades during the mowing process (wet blade). Two prototype wet-blade machines, including a sickle bar cutter and a Burch Wet-Blade rotary mower, were used to apply triclopyr, clopyralid, and 2,4-D at various rates and combinations using a total carrier volume of 25 L/ha. Weed management studies were conducted on dogfennel, annual lespedeza, and clovers during a 2-yr period. Wet-blade herbicide applications were effective and performed as well as or better than comparative rates applied using a foliar spray technique. Triclopyr at 2.24 kg ae/ha controlled dogfennel when applied with either the rotary mower or the sickle bar cutter (94 and 77%, respectively). Rotary mower applications of 0.20 kg ae triclopyr 0.07 kg ae clopyralid per hectare in rough turf achieved 90% control of annual lespedeza and 95% control of red and white clovers.Nomenclature: Clopyralid; 2,4-D; triclopyr; annual lespedeza, Lespedeza striata (Thunb.) H. & A.; dogfennel, Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam.) Small #3 EUPCP; red clover, Trifolium pratense L. # TRFPR.; white clover, Trifolium repens L. # TRFRE.Additional index words: Buckhorn plantain, clopyralid, clover, dogfennel, herbicide application technology, low volume, Plantago lanceolata L., triclopyr.Abbreviations: BWB, Burch Wet Blade; RCBD, randomized complete block design. DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// DO - 10.1614/0890-037X(2003)017[0320:HEUAWA]2.0.CO;2 VL - 17 IS - 2 SP - 320-324 SN - 0890-037X KW - buckhorn plantain KW - clopyralid KW - clover KW - dogfennel KW - herbicide application technology KW - low volume KW - Plantago lanceolata L. KW - triclopyr ER - TY - JOUR TI - Critical weed-free period for 'Beauregard' sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) AU - Seem, JE AU - Creamer, NG AU - Monks, DW T2 - WEED TECHNOLOGY AB - Studies were initiated at two different planting dates and conducted at two different locations in 2001 to determine the critical weed-free period for certain populations of weeds in organically produced ‘Beauregard’ sweetpotato. Naturally occurring weed populations were used, and they included sicklepod, redroot pigweed, and yellow nutsedge. Treatments included allowing weeds to grow for 2, 4, 6, or 8 wk after transplanting (WAT) sweetpotato before weed removal and maintaining the sweetpotato weed-free for 2, 4, 6, or 8 WAT. Weedy and weed-free checks were also included in the study. These treatments were used to determine the length of time weeds can compete with sweetpotato without reducing yield and the length of time sweetpotato must grow before yield is no longer affected by newly emerging weeds. Yield of number one grade sweetpotato roots best fit a quadratic plateau curve for the grow-back treatments and a logistic curve for the removal treatments. Yields in weed-free plots of sweetpotato were higher at the early planting date, whereas yields in plots of weedy sweetpotato were higher at the late planting date. Weed biomass was lower in the grow-back treatments at the late planting date. Data indicate that sweetpotato may gain a competitive advantage over weeds when planted at a later date. At both planting dates, a critical weed-free period of 2 to 6 WAT was observed.Nomenclature: Redroot pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexus L. #3 AMARE; sicklepod, Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin and Barneby # CASOB; yellow nutsedge, Cyperus esculentus L. # CYPES; sweetpotato, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. ‘Beauregard’.Additional index words: Competition, interference, organic production, Brachiaria platyphylla, Eleusine indica, Mollugo verticillata, Sida spinosa, BRAPP, ELEIN, MOLVE, SIDSP.Abbreviations: WAT, weeks after transplanting. DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// DO - 10.1614/WT02-089 VL - 17 IS - 4 SP - 686-695 SN - 1550-2740 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Absorption, translocation, and metabolism of foliar-applied CGA-362622 in purple and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus and C-esculentus) AU - Troxler, SC AU - Burke, IC AU - Wilcut, JW AU - Smith, WD AU - Burton, J T2 - WEED SCIENCE AB - Studies were conducted to evaluate the absorption, translocation, and metabolism of 14C–CGA-362622 when foliar-applied to purple and yellow nutsedge. Less than 53% of the herbicide was absorbed after 96 h. Both nutsedge species translocated appreciable amounts of herbicide (30%) out of treated leaves. Translocation was both acropetal and basipetal, with at least 25% transported basipetally. Neither nutsedge species translocated more than 4% of applied radioactivity to the tubers and roots. Most of the metabolites formed by the nutsedge species were more polar than 14C–CGA-362622 and averaged 69 and 61% of the radioactivity in purple and yellow nutsedge, respectively. The half-life of CGA-362622 was estimated at 4 h in both purple and yellow nutsedge. DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// DO - 10.1614/0043-1745(2003)051[0013:ATAMOF]2.0.CO;2 VL - 51 IS - 1 SP - 13-18 SN - 0043-1745 KW - acropetal translocation KW - basipetal translocation KW - half-life ER - TY - JOUR TI - Efficacy of plant growth regulators on the growth of vigorous osteospermum cultivars AU - Gibson, J. L. AU - Whipker, B. E. T2 - HortTechnology DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// VL - 13 IS - 1 SP - 132-135 ER - TY - CONF TI - Ambient temperature anaerobic digester and greenhouse for swine waste treatment and bioresource recovery at Barham farm AU - Cheng, J. AU - Peet, M. M. AU - Willits, D. H. C2 - 2003/// C3 - Proceedings : North Carolina Animal Waste Management Workshop : Oct. 16-17, 2003, Sheraton Imperial Hotel, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina DA - 2003/// SN - 0966977025 ER - TY - CONF TI - Utilizing a greenhouse tomato crop to recover bio-resources from swine waste AU - Harlow, C. AU - Peet, M. M. AU - Ponce, A. K. AU - Cheng, J. AU - Willits, D. H. AU - Casteel, M. C2 - 2003/// C3 - Proceedings of the ASHS centennial conference (Providence, Rhode Island) DA - 2003/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Utilization of treated swine wastewater for greenhouse tomato production AU - Cheng, J. AU - Shearin, T. E. AU - Peet, M. M. AU - Willits, D. H. C2 - 2003/// C3 - Wastewater reclamation and reuse IV : selected proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse, held at Mexico City, 12-14 November 2003 DA - 2003/// VL - 4 SN - 1843394839 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Schimlinia floribunda (Theaceae): A new intergeneric hybrid between Franklinia alatamaha and Schima argentea AU - Ranney, T. G. AU - Eaker, T. A. AU - Fantz, P. R. AU - Parks, C. R. T2 - HortScience DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// VL - 38 IS - 6 SP - 1198-1200 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sensitivity of watermelon cultigens to ambient ozone in North Carolina AU - Holmes, GJ AU - Schultheis, , JR T2 - PLANT DISEASE AB - Foliar ozone (O 3 ) injury is common on watermelon grown in eastern North Carolina. During the 2000 and 2001 growing seasons, 93 cultivars and breeding lines (i.e., cultigens) were evaluated for foliar injury caused by ambient levels of O 3 . One tetraploid, 42 diploid, and 50 triploid cultigens were evaluated. Injury developed on all cultigens in both years, but severity of injury varied among cultigens and between years. Visible foliar injury (percent surface area necrotic or chlorotic) was rated 1 week after the first harvest in both years. Mean injury for all cultigens was 39% in 2000 (range = 16 to 66%) and 20% in 2001 (range = 2.5 to 60%). This corresponded to greater mean seasonal O 3 levels (12-h [0900 to 2100 h EST] mean daily O 3 concentration between early May and mid-June) in 2000 (58 ppb) than in 2001 (52 ppb). Triploid cultigens were less sensitive to injury than diploid cultigens. Mean injury for all triploids was 31% in 2000 and 16% in 2001, whereas injury for diploids was 47% in 2000 and 25% in 2001. Injury level was consistently negatively correlated with average number of days between transplanting and harvest. Correlations between injury level and yield, fruit size, fruit shape, and fruit sweetness were inconsistent between years and/or insignificant. O 3 tolerance in watermelon cultivars should receive increased attention in watermelon breeding programs and in cultivar selection in areas of high O 3 pollution. DA - 2003/4// PY - 2003/4// DO - 10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.4.428 VL - 87 IS - 4 SP - 428-434 SN - 0191-2917 KW - abiotic disease KW - air pollution KW - Citrullus lanatus KW - host resistance KW - seedless ER - TY - JOUR TI - Research approaches for determining cold requirements for forcing and flowering of geophytes AU - Dole, JM T2 - HORTSCIENCE DA - 2003/6// PY - 2003/6// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.38.3.341 VL - 38 IS - 3 SP - 341-346 SN - 0018-5345 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Interaction of border and center rows of multiple row plots in watermelon yield trials AU - Neppl, GP AU - Wehner, TC AU - Schultheis, , JR T2 - EUPHYTICA DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// DO - 10.1023/A:1023958321626 VL - 131 IS - 2 SP - 225-234 SN - 1573-5060 KW - Cucurbitaceae KW - Citrullus lanatus KW - border competition KW - vegetable breeding ER - TY - JOUR TI - Adaptation and market potential of Jack o' Lantern and miniature pumpkin cultivars in eastern North Carolina AU - Stanghellini, MS AU - Schultheis, , JR AU - Holmes, GJ T2 - HORTTECHNOLOGY AB - In 1998 and 1999, a total of 27 large-fruited and 15 miniature-fruited pumpkin ( Cucurbita pepo ) cultivars were evaluated for adaptation to eastern North Carolina grow- ing conditions. Test categories were yield (fruit number and weight); fruit characteristics (shape, rind and stem attributes); and susceptibility to edema (wart-like growths on fruit exterior), foliar diseases, preharvest and postharvest fruit decay, and viruses. Yields of large pumpkins ranged from over 3,200 fruit/acre (7,907 fruit/ha) for `SVT 4613367', `Autumn Gold', and `Gold Standard' to less than 1,000 fruit/acre (2,471 fruit/ha) for `Gold Rush' and `Progold 200'. For miniature pumpkins, over 33,000 fruit/acre (81,542 fruit/ha) were produced by `Touch of Autumn', `Lil' Pump- ke-mon', and `HMX 5682', whereas `Mystic' and `Progold 100' produced less than 7,000 fruit/acre (17,297 fruit/ha). `Gold Rush', `Howden', and `Progold 510' (large), and `EXT 4612297', `Lil' Goblin', and `Lil' Ironsides' (miniature) appeared the most susceptible to foliar diseases. Preharvest fruit decay ranged from 0% for `Howden' and `EXT 4612297' to over 20% for `Lil' Goblin', `Jumping Jack', `Peek-A-Boo', and `Tom Fox'. Virus incidence on fruit and foliage was low on virus-resistant cultivars ('SVT 4613367' and `EXT 4612297'), and ranged from 4% to 74% for nontransgenic cultivars. Virus incidence and/or severity on foliage and fruit were not related. `Early Autumn' (large) and `Touch of Autumn' (miniature) were the most prone to edema. `Aspen' and `Magic Lantern' (large) and `Baby Pam', `Lil' Goblin', and `Spooktacular' (miniature) were the most susceptible to postharvest fruit decay. Fruit characteristics are discussed in relation to marketability and possible consumer appeal to pumpkins. DA - 2003/// PY - 2003/// DO - 10.21273/horttech.13.3.0532 VL - 13 IS - 3 SP - 532-539 SN - 1063-0198 KW - Cucurbita pepo KW - papaya ringspot virus KW - Phytophthora nicotianae KW - postharvest fruit decay KW - southern blight KW - vegetable production KW - watermelon mosaic virus KW - zucchini yellow KW - mosaic virus KW - yield ER - TY - JOUR TI - 1-methylcyclopropene: a review AU - Blankenship, SM AU - Dole, JM T2 - POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY AB - Since the discovery of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) as an inhibitor of ethylene action, over 100 studies have examined details of its action, application and effects on ethylene inhibition. This plant growth regulator is a tool that can help scientists make major advances in understanding the role of ethylene in plants. 1-MCP prevents ethylene effects in a broad range of fruits, vegetables and floriculture crops. Effective concentrations are low and range from 2.5 nl l−1 to 1 μl l−1. Concentration interacts with temperature such that low concentrations of 1-MCP applied over longer durations may be as effective as high concentrations. 1-MCP is most commonly applied at 68–77 °F (20–25 °C), but can be used at lower temperatures in some commodities. Generally, treatment durations of 12–24 h were sufficient to achieve a full response. A variety of factors may need to be considered when using 1-MCP including cultivar, developmental stage, time from harvest to treatment, and multiple applications. Depending on the species being treated, 1-MCP may have a variety of effects on respiration, ethylene production, volatile production, chlorophyll degradation and other color changes, protein and membrane changes, softening, disorders and diseases, acidity and sugars. This review compiles what is known about the technological uses for 1-MCP, defines where discrepancies exist between reports, and aims to define areas requiring further study. DA - 2003/4// PY - 2003/4// DO - 10.1016/S0925-5214(02)00246-6 VL - 28 IS - 1 SP - 1-25 SN - 1873-2356 KW - postharvest physiology KW - storage KW - plant growth regulators KW - senescence KW - ethylene KW - preservative ER -