TY - CONF TI - Extension master gardener volunteers - managing the demand for horticulture leadership in urban areas AU - Bradley, L.K. T2 - 2nd International Conference on Landscape and Urban Horticulture, International Society Horticultural Science C2 - 2009/// C3 - 2nd International Conference on Landscape and Urban Horticulture CY - Bologna, Italy DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// SP - 152 ER - TY - CONF TI - Urban residential landscapes for sustainable living AU - Bradley, L.K. T2 - 2nd International Conference on Landscape and Urban Horticulture, International Society Horticultural Science C2 - 2009/// C3 - 2nd International Conference on Landscape and Urban Horticulture CY - Bologna, Italy DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// SP - 56 ER - TY - CONF TI - Community gardening: food production in the neighborhood AU - Bradley, L.K. T2 - 2nd International Conference on Landscape and Urban Horticulture C2 - 2009/// C3 - 2nd International Conference on Landscape and Urban Horticulture CY - Bologna, Italy DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// SP - 39 PB - International Society Horticultural Science ER - TY - CONF TI - Current status of grape and plum tomato breeding at NC State University AU - Panthee, D.R. T2 - 42nd Tomato Breeders’ Round Table Meeting C2 - 2009/6/28/ C3 - 42nd Tomato Breeders’ Round Table Meeting CY - Sacramento, CA DA - 2009/6/28/ PY - 2009/6/28/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Tomato flavor affected by variety and production system AU - Panthee, D.R. AU - Davis, J.M. AU - Albela, L.P. AU - Sams, C.E. T2 - HortScience DA - 2009/7/25/ PY - 2009/7/25/ VL - 44 IS - 4 SP - 1156 M3 - Abstracts ER - TY - RPRT TI - Opportunities with Organic and Heirloom Tomatoes AU - Davis, J.M. AU - Panthee, D.R. AU - Gardner, R.G. A3 - Department of Horticultural Science, NC State University DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// M3 - Abstracts PB - Department of Horticultural Science, NC State University ER - TY - CONF TI - Potential tomato hybrids with improved fruit quality and disease resistance AU - Panthee, D.R. T2 - South-East Vegetable and Fruits Expo C2 - 2009/12/1/ CY - Myrtle Beach, SC DA - 2009/12/1/ PY - 2009/12/1/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Characterization of Anthocyanins and Anthocyanidins in Purple-Fleshed Sweetpotatoes by HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS/MS AU - Truong, Van-Den AU - Deighton, Nigel AU - Thompson, Roger T. AU - McFeeters, Roger F. AU - Dean, Lisa O. AU - Pecota, Kenneth V. AU - Yencho, G. Craig T2 - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AB - Purple-fleshed sweetpotatoes (PFSP) can be a healthy food choice for consumers and a potential source for natural food colorants. This study aimed to identify anthocyanins and anthocyanidins in PFSP, and to evaluate the effect of thermal processing on these polyphenolic compounds. Freeze-dried powder of raw and steamed samples of three PFSP varieties were extracted with acidified methanol using a Dionex ASE 200 accelerated solvent extractor. Seventeen anthocyanins were identified by HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS/MS for Stokes Purple and NC 415 varieties with five major compounds: cyanidin 3-caffeoylsophoroside-5-glucoside, peonidin 3-caffeoylsophoroside-5-glucoside, cyanidin 3-caffeoyl-p-hydroxybenzoylsophoroside-5-glucoside, peonidin 3-caffeoyl-p-hydroxybenzoyl-sophoroside-5-glucoside, and peonidin-caffeoyl-feruloylsophoroside-5-glucoside. Okinawa variety showed 12 pigments with 3 major peaks identified as cyanidin 3-caffeoylsophoroside-5-glucoside, cyanidin 3-(6'',6'''-dicaffeoylsophoroside)-5-glucoside and cyanidin 3-(6''-caffeoyl-6'''-feruloylsophoroside)-5-glucoside. Steam cooking had no significant effect on total anthocyanin content or the anthocyanin pigments. Cyanidin and peonidin, which were the major anthocyanidins in the acid hydrolyzed extracts, were well separated and quantified by HPLC with external standards. Cyanidin and peonidin, which contribute to the blue and red hues of PFSP, can be simply quantified by HPLC after acid hydrolysis of the anthocyanins. DA - 2009/12/17/ PY - 2009/12/17/ DO - 10.1021/jf902799a VL - 58 IS - 1 SP - 404-410 J2 - J. Agric. Food Chem. LA - en OP - SN - 0021-8561 1520-5118 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf902799a DB - Crossref KW - Sweetpotatoes KW - Ipomoea batatas KW - cooking KW - puree KW - anthocyanins KW - polyphenolics ER - TY - CONF TI - Organic matter accumulation in bentgrass greens: Temporal and spatial characterizations AU - Seth Carley, D. AU - Goodman, D. AU - Tredway, L. AU - Rufty, T. T2 - Agronomy Society Meeting C2 - 2009/// C3 - Agronomy Society Abstracts CY - Pittsburg, PA DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Physiological stress of bentgrass associated with effluent-application in the Southeastern U.S AU - Seth Carley, D. AU - Davis, S. AU - Bowman, D. AU - Tredway, L. AU - Rufty, T. T2 - International Turfgrass Society Research Journal DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// VL - 11 SP - 1023–1031 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Problems surface with effluent use on turf in the Southeast AU - Rufty, T. AU - Carley, D. Seth AU - Tredway, L.P. T2 - TurfGrass Trends DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effluent application to creeping bentgrass in the transition zone: Effluent analysis and potential negative effects from salinity and low oxygen AU - Carley, D.S. AU - Davis, S. AU - Bowman, D. AU - Tredway, L. AU - Rufty, T. AU - Peacock, C. T2 - International Turfgrass Society Research Journal DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - 1023–1031 ER - TY - CONF TI - Grafting tomato with inter-specific rootstock provides effective management for southern blight and root-knot nematodes AU - Rivard, C.L. AU - Louws, F.J. AU - O'Connell, S. AU - Peet, M.M. T2 - American Phytopathology Society Annual Meeting C2 - 2009/6// C3 - Phytopathology CY - Portland, OR DA - 2009/6// PY - 2009/8/1/ VL - 99 SP - S109 M1 - 6s ER - TY - JOUR TI - Disease supressiveness of vineyard soils infested with Grape Phylloxera AU - Huber, L. AU - Hoffmann, M. AU - Rühl, E.H. AU - Kirchmair, M. T2 - Acta Horticulturae DA - 2009/3// PY - 2009/3// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2009.816.7 VL - 816 SP - 41-52 SN - 0567-7572 2406-6168 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2009.816.7 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Measuring and partitioning the high-order linkage disequilibrium by multiple order Markov chains AU - Kim, Yunjung AU - Feng, Sheng AU - Zeng, Zhao-Bang T2 - Genetic Epidemiology AB - Genetic EpidemiologyVolume 33, Issue 2 p. 181-181 ErratumFree Access Measuring and partitioning the high-order linkage disequilibrium by multiple order Markov chains Yunjung Kim, Yunjung Kim Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina Y. Kim and S. Feng contributed equally to this work.Search for more papers by this authorSheng Feng, Sheng Feng Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina Y. Kim and S. Feng contributed equally to this work.Search for more papers by this authorZhao-Bang Zeng, Zhao-Bang Zeng Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina Department of Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North CarolinaSearch for more papers by this author Yunjung Kim, Yunjung Kim Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina Y. Kim and S. Feng contributed equally to this work.Search for more papers by this authorSheng Feng, Sheng Feng Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina Y. Kim and S. Feng contributed equally to this work.Search for more papers by this authorZhao-Bang Zeng, Zhao-Bang Zeng Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina Department of Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North CarolinaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 12 June 2008 https://doi.org/10.1002/gepi.20349 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume33, Issue2February 2009Pages 181-181 RelatedInformation DA - 2009/2// PY - 2009/2// DO - 10.1002/gepi.20349 VL - 33 IS - 2 SP - 181-181 J2 - Genet. Epidemiol. LA - en OP - SN - 0741-0395 1098-2272 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gepi.20349 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CONF TI - Biological Characteristics of Aerosols Emitted From A Layer Operation In Southeastern U.S. AU - Wang, Lingjuan AU - Li, Qianfeng AU - Esch, Keith AU - Simmons, Otto D, III AU - Classen, John AU - Beasley, David B T2 - American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Annual International Meeting AB - This preliminary study was to investigate biological characteristics of aerosols emitted from a commercial layer farm (egg production farm). Bioaerosol samples were taken on this farm at five sampling locations covering emission source (inside a layer barn) and four ambient stations at four wind directions. All glass impingers (AGI) were used for the field sampling. The AGI fluid samples were plated in duplicate on Trypticase Soy Agar (TSA) for growth of bacteria and Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) for growth of fungi. The most prominent bacterial colony types were identified using a combination of methods that include recording characteristics of colony morphology; performing a Gram staining method and metabolic analyses using the Biolog system. Results from one group of bioaerosol samples at the five stations indicate that the sampling duration played an important role in accurately determining bacteria concentration in air samples; there were significant reductions in total bacteria concentrations in the samples collected from ambient stations compared to the sample collected in the layer house; the most prominent bacteria species differed among all five stations and three of the most prominent bacteria from samples taken at all five stations were gram-positive; fungal type differed from station to station. C2 - 2009/// C3 - Proceedings of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Annual International Meeting CY - Reno, NV DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/6/21/ DO - 10.13031/2013.28035 PB - American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.28035 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Influences of Harvest Date and Location on the Levels of β-Carotene, Ascorbic Acid, Total Phenols, the in Vitro Antioxidant Capacity, and Phenolic Profiles of Five Commercial Varieties of Mango (Mangifera indicaL.) AU - Manthey, John A. AU - Perkins-Veazie, Penelope T2 - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AB - Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is a tropical fruit grown worldwide with excellent nutritional value and widely attributed health-promoting properties. Extensive studies have been made of the high concentrations of phenolic antioxidants in mango peels, seeds, and leaves, yet less is known about the phenolic antioxidants of mango fruit pulp. Five varieties of mangoes from four countries were evaluated with multiple harvests over 1 year to compare the β-carotene, ascorbic acid, and total phenolic contents and antioxidant capacities of the fruit pulp and to compare the phenolic profiles of the individual varieties. To minimize ripeness variability, only soft fruit (0.5−1 N compression) with a minimum of 10% soluble solids were used for these measurements. Ascorbic acid ranged from 11 to 134 mg/100 g of pulp puree, and β-carotene varied from 5 to 30 mg/kg among the five varieties. Total phenolic content ranged from 19.5 to 166.7 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g of puree. The varieties Tommy Atkins, Kent, Keitt, and Haden had similar total phenolic contents, averaging 31.2 ± 7.8 mg GAE/100 g of puree, whereas the variety Ataulfo contained substantially higher values. Similar trends were observed in the DPPH radical scavenging activities among the five varieties. In contrast, the country of origin and harvest dates had far less influence on these parameters. Ataulfo mangoes contained significantly higher amounts of mangiferin and ellagic acid than the other four varieties. Large fruit-to-fruit variations in the concentrations of these compounds occurred within sets of mangoes of the same cultivar with the same harvest location and date. DA - 2009/11/25/ PY - 2009/11/25/ DO - 10.1021/jf902606h VL - 57 IS - 22 SP - 10825-10830 J2 - J. Agric. Food Chem. LA - en OP - SN - 0021-8561 1520-5118 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf902606h DB - Crossref KW - Mangiferin KW - ellagic acid KW - gallotannins KW - tropical fruit KW - polyphenol KW - vitamin C KW - Mangifera indica L. KW - antioxidant KW - HPLC-MS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum of Sexual Hybrids Between Solanum commersonii and S. tuberosum AU - Carputo, Domenico AU - Aversano, Riccardo AU - Barone, Amalia AU - Di Matteo, Antonio AU - Iorizzo, Massimo AU - Sigillo, Loredana AU - Zoina, Astolfo AU - Frusciante, Luigi T2 - American Journal of Potato Research DA - 2009/2/27/ PY - 2009/2/27/ DO - 10.1007/S12230-009-9072-4 VL - 86 IS - 3 SP - 196-202 J2 - Am. J. Pot Res LA - en OP - SN - 1099-209X 1874-9380 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/S12230-009-9072-4 DB - Crossref KW - Potato KW - Bacterial wilt KW - Resistance breeding KW - Gene introgression KW - AFLP analysis ER - TY - JOUR TI - IPM for Soilborne Disease Management for Vegetable and Strawberry Crops in SE USA AU - Louws, Frank J. T2 - Recent Developments in Management of Plant Diseases DA - 2009/8// PY - 2009/8// DO - 10.1007/978-1-4020-8804-9_16 SP - 217-227 KW - Soilborne diseases KW - Fumigation KW - Integrated pest management KW - Effective extension ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluation of algorithms used to order markers on genetic maps AU - Mollinari, M AU - Margarido, G R A AU - Vencovsky, R AU - Garcia, A A F T2 - Heredity AB - When building genetic maps, it is necessary to choose from several marker ordering algorithms and criteria, and the choice is not always simple. In this study, we evaluate the efficiency of algorithms try (TRY), seriation (SER), rapid chain delineation (RCD), recombination counting and ordering (RECORD) and unidirectional growth (UG), as well as the criteria PARF (product of adjacent recombination fractions), SARF (sum of adjacent recombination fractions), SALOD (sum of adjacent LOD scores) and LHMC (likelihood through hidden Markov chains), used with the RIPPLE algorithm for error verification, in the construction of genetic linkage maps. A linkage map of a hypothetical diploid and monoecious plant species was simulated containing one linkage group and 21 markers with fixed distance of 3 cM between them. In all, 700 F2 populations were randomly simulated with 100 and 400 individuals with different combinations of dominant and co-dominant markers, as well as 10 and 20% of missing data. The simulations showed that, in the presence of co-dominant markers only, any combination of algorithm and criteria may be used, even for a reduced population size. In the case of a smaller proportion of dominant markers, any of the algorithms and criteria (except SALOD) investigated may be used. In the presence of high proportions of dominant markers and smaller samples (around 100), the probability of repulsion linkage increases between them and, in this case, use of the algorithms TRY and SER associated to RIPPLE with criterion LHMC would provide better results. DA - 2009/7/29/ PY - 2009/7/29/ DO - 10.1038/hdy.2009.96 VL - 103 IS - 6 SP - 494-502 J2 - Heredity LA - en OP - SN - 0018-067X 1365-2540 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/hdy.2009.96 DB - Crossref KW - multipoint estimates KW - seriation KW - rapid chain delineation KW - recombination counting and ordering KW - unidirectional growth ER - TY - JOUR TI - Characterization of new polymorphic functional markers for sugarcane AU - Oliveira, K. M. AU - Pinto, L. R. AU - Marconi, T. G. AU - Mollinari, M. AU - Ulian, E. C. AU - Chabregas, S. M. AU - Falco, M. C. AU - Burnquist, W. AU - Garcia, A. A.F. AU - Souza, A. P. T2 - Genome AB - Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) offer the opportunity to exploit single, low-copy, conserved sequence motifs for the development of simple sequence repeats (SSRs). The authors have examined the Sugarcane Expressed Sequence Tag database for the presence of SSRs. To test the utility of EST-derived SSR markers, a total of 342 EST-SSRs, which represent a subset of over 2005 SSR-containing sequences that were located in the sugarcane EST database, could be designed from the nonredundant SSR-positive ESTs for possible use as potential genic markers. These EST-SSR markers were used to screen 18 sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) varieties. A high proportion (65.5%) of the above EST-SSRs, which gave amplified fragments of foreseen size, detected polymorphism. The number of alleles ranged from 2 to 24 with an average of 7.55 alleles per locus, while polymorphism information content values ranged from 0.16 to 0.94, with an average of 0.73. The ability of each set of EST-SSR markers to discriminate between varieties was generally higher than the polymorphism information content analysis. When tested for functionality, 82.1% of these 224 EST-SSRs were found to be functional, showing homology to known genes. As the EST-SSRs are within the expressed portion of the genome, they are likely to be associated to a particular gene of interest, improving their utility for genetic mapping; identification of quantitative trait loci, and comparative genomics studies of sugarcane. The development of new EST-SSR markers will have important implications for the genetic analysis and exploitation of the genetic resources of sugarcane and related species and will provide a more direct estimate of functional diversity. DA - 2009/2// PY - 2009/2// DO - 10.1139/g08-105 VL - 52 IS - 2 SP - 191-209 J2 - Genome LA - en OP - SN - 0831-2796 1480-3321 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/G08-105 DB - Crossref KW - sugarcane KW - simple sequence repeat (SSR) KW - expressed sequence tag (EST) KW - functional markers ER - TY - JOUR TI - Biological Control of Grape Phylloxera – a historical review and future prospects AU - Kirchmair, M. AU - Neuhauser, S. AU - Strasser, H. AU - Voloshchuk, N. AU - Hoffmann, M. AU - Huber, L. T2 - Acta Horticulturae DA - 2009/3// PY - 2009/3// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2009.816.1 VL - 816 SP - 13-18 SN - 0567-7572 2406-6168 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2009.816.1 KW - biocontrol KW - Daktulosphaira KW - Metarhizium KW - viticulture KW - Vitis ER - TY - RPRT TI - Recordkeeping form for the USDA restricted-use pesticides regulation and the Worker Protection Standard AU - Buhler, W. A3 - North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// M1 - AG-689W PB - North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service SN - AG-689W ER - TY - RPRT TI - Pesticide applicator certification and licensing AU - Buhler, W. A3 - North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// M1 - AG-714W PB - North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension SN - AG-714W ER - TY - BOOK TI - Rain Gardening in the South: Ecologically Designed Gardens for Drought, Deluge, and Everything in Between AU - Kraus, Helen AU - Spafford, Anne DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// PB - Eno Publishers ER - TY - JOUR TI - Factors Influencing Response of Virginia Market Type Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) to Paraquat under Weed-Free Conditions AU - Carley, Danésha S. AU - Jordan, David L. AU - Brandenburg, Rick L. AU - Dharmasri, L. Cecil T2 - Peanut Science AB - Abstract Experiments were conducted during 2003 and 2004 to determine if peanut yield and market grade characteristics differed when paraquat was applied 24 to 28 days after emergence to peanut seeded in early, mid-, and late May and early June. Peanut pod yield and percentages of extra large kernels, total sound mature kernels, and farmer stock fancy pods were affected by planting date and paraquat independently. Paraquat did not affect yield compared with non-treated peanut regardless of planting date. In other experiments from 2003–2005, peanut was planted with or without aldicarb in the seed furrow and followed either paraquat applied 24 to 28 days after emergence or 2,4-DB applied in mid-August during 2003 and 2004. In 2005, experiments included a no-paraquat control rather than 2,4-DB. Pod yield was reduced at 3 of 9 sites due to damage from tobacco thrips, Franklinella fusca Hinds, feeding when aldicarb was not applied. Paraquat reduced yield in 4 experiments during 2005 but not in 5 experiments during 2003–2004. Aldicarb and paraquat affected peanut independently. Experiments were also conducted during 2005 and 2006 to compare interactions of paraquat formulations alone or with co-applied herbicides. Paraquat formulation (Gramoxone INTEON versus Gramoxone MAX or Firestorm) did not affect peanut response to paraquat, and interactions of paraquat formulation (Gramoxone MAX or Gramoxone INTEON) with bentazon, bentazon plus diclosulam, bentazon plus dimethenamid, bentazon plus imazethapyr, and bentazon plus S-metolachlor was similar to paraquat alone. Peanut injury and pod yield was the same when paraquat (Gramoxone INTEON) was applied alone or with carfentrazone and was similar to carfentrazone alone. DA - 2009/7// PY - 2009/7// DO - 10.3146/ps07-102.1 VL - 36 IS - 2 SP - 180-189 J2 - Peanut Science LA - en OP - SN - 0095-3679 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/ps07-102.1 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Influence of Digging Date and Fungicide Program on Canopy Defoliation and Pod Yield of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) AU - Carley, Danésha S. AU - Jordan, David L. AU - Shew, Barbara B. AU - Sutton, Turner B. AU - Dharmasri, L. Cecil AU - Brandenburg, Rick L. T2 - Peanut Science AB - Abstract Although response can be variable and is dependant upon many factors, digging peanut as little as 1 wk prior to or 1 wk following optimum maturity can result in substantial reductions in pod yield. While growers often assume that harvest should be initiated prior to optimum maturity in fields with high levels of canopy defoliation, there is no clear threshold where gains in pod weight and grade are offset by losses due to pod shedding. Moreover, yield loss relationships for foliar diseases have not been characterized for modern virginia market-type cultivars. Determining interactions between digging date and peanut canopy defoliation would assist growers and their advisors in making more informed decisions on when to initiate harvest to avoid yield loss. Research conducted from 2004–2005 in North Carolina established a range of defoliation levels in a total of seven fields. Fungicides were applied on a bi-weekly schedule from early July through mid-September, or were applied two times in July, or were not applied. Plots were dug early, 6 to 12 days before estimated optimum maturity, or at optimum maturity, as determined by the hull-scrape method. Although interactions between digging date and fungicide program were found in some cases, digging date and fungicide program effects often varied independently. A general recommendation of the percentage of canopy defoliation justifying early digging to prevent yield loss could not be determined from this research. However, data from these experiments reinforce the value of controlling early leaf spot, late leaf spot, and web blotch with timely fungicide applications and the importance of digging at optimum pod maturation for more recently released virginia market-type peanut. DA - 2009/1// PY - 2009/1// DO - 10.3146/ps07-011.1 VL - 36 IS - 1 SP - 77-84 J2 - Peanut Science LA - en OP - SN - 0095-3679 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/ps07-011.1 DB - Crossref ER - TY - RPRT TI - At your door step: a family fact sheet on outdoor play and learning AU - DeBord, K. AU - Bradley, L.K. AU - Driscoll, E.A. A3 - North Carolina Cooperative Extension DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// PB - North Carolina Cooperative Extension UR - http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/fcs/pdfs/FCS-530W-WebNov30.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources database 1 January 2009-30 April 2009 AU - Abercrombie, L. G. AU - Anderson, C. M. AU - Baldwin, B. G. AU - Bang, I. C. AU - Beldade, R. AU - Bernardi, G. AU - Boubou, A. AU - Branca, A. AU - Bretagnolle, F. AU - Bruford, M. W. AU - Buonamici, A. AU - Burnett Jr, R. K. AU - Canal, D. AU - Cárdenas, H. AU - Caullet, C. AU - Chen, S. Y. AU - Chun, Y. J. AU - Cossu, C. AU - Crane, C. F. AU - Cros Arteil, S. AU - Cudney Bueno, R. AU - Danti, R. AU - Dávila, J. A. AU - Della Rocca, G. AU - Dobata, S. AU - Dunkle, L. D. AU - Dupas, S. AU - Faure, N. AU - Ferrero, M. E. AU - Fumanal, B. AU - Gigot, G. AU - González, I. AU - Goodwin, S. B. AU - Groth, D. AU - Hardesty, B. D. AU - Hasegawa, E. AU - Hoffman, E. A. AU - Hou, M. L. AU - Jamsari, A. F. J. AU - Ji, H. J. AU - Johnson, D. H. AU - Joseph, L. AU - Justy, F. AU - Kang, E. J. AU - Kaufmann, B. AU - Kim, K. S. AU - Kim, W. J. AU - Koehler, A. V. AU - Laitung, B. AU - Latch, P. AU - Liu, Y. D. AU - Manjerovic, M. B. AU - Martel, E. AU - Metcalfe, S. S. AU - Miller, J. N. AU - Midgley, J. J. AU - Migeon, A. AU - Moore, A. J. AU - Moore, W. L. AU - Morris, V. R. F. AU - Navajas, M. AU - Navia, D. AU - Neel, M. C. AU - de NOVA, P. J. G. AU - Olivieri, I. AU - Omura, T. AU - Othman, A. S. AU - Oudot Canaff, J. AU - Panthee, D. R. AU - Parkinson, C. L. AU - Patimah, I. AU - Pérez Galindo, C. A. AU - Pettengill, J. B. AU - Pfautsch, S. AU - Piola, F. AU - Potti, J. AU - Poulin, R. AU - Raimondi, P. T. AU - Rinehart, T. A. AU - Ruzainah, A. AU - Sarver, S. K. AU - Scheffler, B. E. AU - Schneider, A. R. R. AU - Silvain, J. F. AU - Siti Azizah, M. N. AU - Springer, Y. P. AU - Stewart, C. N. AU - Sun, W. AU - Tiedemann, R. AU - Tsuji, K. AU - Trigiano, R. N. AU - Vendramin, G. G. AU - Wadl, P. A. AU - Wang, L. AU - Wang, X. AU - Watanabe, K. AU - Waterman, J. M. AU - Weisser, W. W. AU - Westcott, D. A. AU - Wiesner, K. R. AU - Xu, X. F. AU - Yaegashi, S. AU - Yuan, J. S. T2 - Molecular Ecology Resources AB - Abstract This article documents the addition of 283 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Agalinis acuta ; Ambrosia artemisiifolia ; Berula erecta ; Casuarius casuarius ; Cercospora zeae‐maydis ; Chorthippus parallelus ; Conyza canadensis ; Cotesia sesamiae ; Epinephelus acanthistius ; Ficedula hypoleuca ; Grindelia hirsutula ; Guadua angustifolia ; Leucadendron rubrum ; Maritrema novaezealandensis ; Meretrix meretrix ; Nilaparvata lugens ; Oxyeleotris marmoratus ; Phoxinus neogaeus ; Pristomyrmex punctatus ; Pseudobagrus brevicorpus ; Seiridium cardinale ; Stenopsyche marmorata ; Tetranychus evansi and Xerus inauris. These loci were cross‐tested on the following species: Agalinis decemloba; Agalinis tenella; Agalinis obtusifolia; Agalinis setacea; Agalinis skinneriana; Cercospora zeina; Cercospora kikuchii; Cercospora sorghi; Mycosphaerella graminicola; Setosphaeria turcica; Magnaporthe oryzae; Cotesia flavipes; Cotesia marginiventris; Grindelia Xpaludosa; Grindelia chiloensis; Grindelia fastigiata; Grindelia lanceolata; Grindelia squarrosa; Leucadendron coniferum; Leucadendron salicifolium; Leucadendron tinctum; Leucadendron meridianum; Laodelphax striatellus; Sogatella furcifera; Phoxinus eos; Phoxinus rigidus; Phoxinus brevispinosus; Phoxinus bicolor; Tetranychus urticae; Tetranychus turkestani; Tetranychus ludeni; Tetranychus neocaledonicus; Tetranychus amicus; Amphitetranychus viennensis; Eotetranychus rubiphilus; Eotetranychus tiliarium; Oligonychus perseae; Panonychus citri; Bryobia rubrioculus; Schizonobia bundi; Petrobia harti; Xerus princeps; Spermophilus tridecemlineatus and Sciurus carolinensis. DA - 2009/9// PY - 2009/9// DO - 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02746.x VL - 9 IS - 5 SP - 1375-1379 SN - 1755-098X 1755-0998 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02746.x ER - TY - JOUR TI - Vegetative propagation of Gordonieae trees by stem cuttings AU - Meyer, E.M. AU - LeBude, A.V. AU - Ranney, T.G. T2 - Journal of Environmental Horticulture DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// VL - 27 IS - 4 SP - 191-194 ER - TY - CONF TI - Ploidy levels and genome sizes of Magnolia L. species, hybrids, and cultivars AU - Parris, J.K. AU - Ranney, T.G. AU - Baird, W.V. AU - Knap, H.T. C2 - 2009/// C3 - Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 54th Annual Report DA - 2009/// VL - 54 SP - 374–378 ER - TY - CONF TI - In vitro shoot regeneration from leaves of Hypericum sp AU - Meyer, E.M. AU - Touchell, D.H. AU - Ranney, T.G. C2 - 2009/// C3 - Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 54th Annual Report DA - 2009/// VL - 54 SP - 464–468 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fertility of neoppolyploid Rhododendron and occurrence of unreduced gametes in triploid cultivars AU - Jones, J.R. AU - Ranney, T.G. T2 - Journal American Rhododendron Society DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// VL - 63 IS - 3 SP - 131-135 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluating landscape adaptability of hemlock species (Tsuga spp.) in Western North Carolina AU - LeBude, A.V. AU - Ranney, T.G. T2 - Confer Quarterly DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// VL - 26 IS - 2 SP - 28-30 ER - TY - CONF TI - In vitro regeneration of Rhododendron ‘Fragrantissimum Improved’ AU - Hebert, C.J. AU - Touchell, D. AU - Ranney, T.G. AU - LeBude, A.V. C2 - 2009/// C3 - Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 54th Annual Report DA - 2009/// VL - 54 SP - 460–463 ER - TY - MGZN TI - Breaking the color barrier: The classic ‘Annabelle’ hydrangea now comes in pink AU - Ranney, T.G. AU - Olsen, R.T. T2 - Nursery Notes DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// VL - 43 SP - 44-45 M1 - 2 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Center for Environmental Farming Systems: Designing and Institutionalizing an Integrated Sustainable and Organic Agriculture Program AU - Creamer, Nancy G. AU - Mueller, J. Paul AU - Reberg-Horton, Chris AU - Schroeder-Moreno, Michelle AU - Washburn, Steve AU - O'Sullivan, John AU - Francis, Charles T2 - Agronomy Monographs AB - The Center for Environmental Farming Systems (CEFS) is a partnership among North Carolina State University (NCSU), North Carolina Agricultural & Technical State University, North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, and many nonprofit organizations and farmer groups. A survey of the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences faculty with sustainable agriculture interests revealed that ability to focus on holistic, long-term, interdisciplinary work not driven by single commodity interests was very important. To increase students' global awareness of the challenges to organic and sustainable agriculture internationally, a study-abroad course, Sustainability of Tropical Agroecosystems, was developed in a partnership with the University of Georgia and NCSU in 2005. In 2007 a strategic planning process was initiated through a committee made up of CEFS faculty, staff, and board members. CEFS also received grant funding in 2008 to provide leadership in developing a statewide action plan for developing a local food economy in North Carolina. PY - 2009/// DO - 10.2134/agronmonogr54.c12 OP - PB - American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America SN - 9780891181897 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr54.c12 DB - Crossref ER - TY - NEWS TI - Fertility and weed control in no-till organic production T2 - Organic Grain Project Newsletter PY - 2009/// UR - http://www.organicgrains.ncsu.edu/Newsletters/Dec2009.htm ER - TY - SOUND TI - Economic return of peanut grown in various row patterns with different herbicide inputs AU - Place, G.T. AU - Jordan, D.L. AU - Reberg-Horton, S.C. DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// ER - TY - CHAP TI - Center for Environmental Farming Systems: Designing and institutionalizing an integrated sustainable and organic program at a land grant university AU - Creamer, N.G. AU - Mueller, J.P. AU - Reberg-Horton, S.C. AU - O'Sullivan, J. AU - Schroeder-Moreno, M. AU - Washburn, S. T2 - Organic Farming: the Ecological System A2 - Francis, C.A. PY - 2009/// PB - ASA, CSSA, and SSSA Book Publishing ER - TY - CONF TI - Breeding for weed suppressiveness: an initial approach to soybean genotype screening AU - Place, G.T. AU - Carter, T.E. AU - Reberg-Horton, S.C. C2 - 2009/// C3 - Proceedings of the 2009 Weed Science Society of America annual meeting DA - 2009/// ER - TY - SOUND TI - Breeding for weed suppressiveness: an initial approach to soybean genotype screening AU - Place, G.T. AU - Carter, T.E. AU - Reberg-Horton, S.C. DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Weed management tactics in organic no-till soybeans AU - Smith, A.N. AU - Mueller, J.P. AU - Reberg-Horton, S.C. C2 - 2009/// C3 - Proceedings of the 2009 Weed Science Society of America annual meeting DA - 2009/// ER - TY - NEWS TI - No-till organic grain project update T2 - Organic Grain Project Newsletter PY - 2009/9// UR - http://www.organicgrains.ncsu.edu/Newsletters/September2009.htm ER - TY - NEWS TI - No-till organic grain project update T2 - Organic Grain Project Newsletter PY - 2009/6// UR - http://www.organicgrains.ncsu.edu/Newsletters/June2009.htm ER - TY - NEWS TI - No-till organic grain production trials T2 - Organic Grain Project Newsletter PY - 2009/3// UR - http://www.organicgrains.ncsu.edu/Newsletters/March2009.htm ER - TY - NEWS TI - New project: organic crop breeding T2 - Organic Grain Project Newsletter PY - 2009/// UR - http://www.organicgrains.ncsu.edu/Newsletters/September2009.htm ER - TY - SOUND TI - Improved weed competitiveness in soybean screening tactics and traits of interest AU - Place, G.T. AU - Carter, T.E. AU - Reberg-Horton, S.C. DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// ER - TY - SOUND TI - Identification of competitive soybean genotypes and soybean traits of interest in weed suppression AU - Place, G.T. AU - Carter, T.E. AU - Reberg-Horton, S.C. DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Transitioning to organic crop production: can conservation tillage practices be effective? AU - Meijer, A.D. AU - Hubers, D.L. AU - Crozier, C.R. AU - Reberg-Horton, C. AU - Hamilton, M. C2 - 2009/// C3 - Proceedings from the Southern Conservation Agriculture Systems Conference DA - 2009/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - A new genetic linkage map of tomato based on a Solanum lycopersicum × S. pimpinellifolium RIL population displaying locations of candidate pathogen response genes AU - Ashrafi, Hamid AU - Kinkade, Matthew AU - Foolad, Majid R. T2 - Genome AB - The narrow genetic base of the cultivated tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L., necessitates introgression of new variation from related species. Wild tomato species represent a rich source of useful genes and traits. Exploitation of genetic variation within wild species can be facilitated by the use of molecular markers and genetic maps. Recently we identified an accession (LA2093) within the red-fruited wild tomato species Solanum pimpinellifolium L. with exceptionally desirable characteristics, including disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, and high fruit lycopene content. To facilitate genetic characterization of such traits and their exploitation in tomato crop improvement, we developed a new recombinant inbred line (RIL) population from a cross between LA2093 and an advanced tomato breeding line (NCEBR-1). Furthermore, we constructed a medium-density molecular linkage map of this population using 294 polymorphic markers, including standard RFLPs, EST sequences (used as RFLP probes), CAPS, and SSRs. The map spanned 1091 cM of the tomato genome with an average marker spacing of 3.7 cM. A majority of the EST sequences, which were mainly chosen based on the putative role of their unigenes in disease resistance, defense-related response, or fruit quality, were mapped onto the tomato chromosomes for the first time. Co-localizations of relevant EST sequences with known disease resistance genes in tomato were also examined. This map will facilitate identification, genetic exploitation, and positional cloning of important genes or quantitative trait loci in LA2093. It also will allow the elucidation of the molecular mechanism(s) underlying important traits segregating in the RIL population. The map may further facilitate characterization and exploitation of genetic variation in other S. pimpinellifolium accessions as well as in modern cultivars of tomato. DA - 2009/11// PY - 2009/11// DO - 10.1139/g09-065 VL - 52 IS - 11 SP - 935-956 KW - candidate resistance gene KW - cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) KW - conserved ortholog set (COS) KW - expressed sequence tag (EST) KW - genetic map KW - genetic marker KW - restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) KW - simple sequence repeat (SSR) ER - TY - SOUND TI - The Application of a Whole Genome Pepper Array to Solanaceae Crops AU - Hill, Theresa AU - Ashrafi, Hamid AU - Yao, Jiqiang AU - Jong, Walter De AU - Francis, David AU - Kozik, Alex AU - Deynze, Allen Van DA - 2009/10/12/ PY - 2009/10/12/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - The Application of a Whole Genome Pepper Array to Identify SFPs in a Diversity Panel AU - Ashrafi, Hamid AU - Hill, Theresa AU - Yao, Jiqiang AU - Leeuwen, Hans AU - Michelmore, Richard AU - Kozik, Alexander AU - Deynze, Allen Van DA - 2009/1/10/ PY - 2009/1/10/ M3 - invited presentation in Solanaceae workshop N1 - Workshop 459 RN - Workshop 459 ER - TY - SOUND TI - High-Density Mapping of the Lettuce Genome with SFP Markers in over 15,000 Unigenes AU - Leeuwen, Hans AU - Stoffel, Kevin AU - Kozik, Alexander AU - Cui, Xinping AU - Ashrafi, Hamid AU - McHale, Leah AU - Lavelle, Dean AU - Wong, Gene AU - Chen, Fallon AU - Truco, María José AU - Deynze, Allen Van AU - Michelmore, Richard W. DA - 2009/1/10/ PY - 2009/1/10/ N1 - Workshop 126 RN - Workshop 126 ER - TY - SOUND TI - Development and Utilization of a High Density 6.6 Million Feature Affymetrix GeneChip for Marker Discovery and Genotyping in Lettuce AU - Leeuwen, Hans AU - Stoffel, Kevin AU - Truco, María José AU - Ashrafi, Hamid AU - Cui, Xinping AU - Kozik, Alexander AU - Michelmore, Richard W. AU - Deynze, Allen Van DA - 2009/1/10/ PY - 2009/1/10/ M3 - poster N1 - Poster 69 RN - Poster 69 ER - TY - SOUND TI - Construction of an Ultra High Density Genetic Map of Lettuce using an Affymetrix GeneChip AU - Kozik, Alexander AU - Leeuwen, Hans AU - Truco, Maria Jose AU - Stoffel, Kevin AU - McHale, Leah AU - Ashrafi, Hamid AU - Lavelle, Dean AU - Cui, Xinping AU - Deynze, Allen Van AU - Michelmore, Richard W. DA - 2009/1/10/ PY - 2009/1/10/ M3 - poster N1 - Poster 68 RN - Poster 68 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Plant biology: from classroom to internet AU - Bradley, L. K. AU - Stutz, J. AU - Towill, L. T2 - Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// VL - 38 SP - 82-86 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Improving the landscape design skills of North Carolina citizens AU - LeBude, A AU - Lindsay, P. AU - Spafford, A. AU - Bradley, L. K. AU - Wallace, M. AU - Ruth, C. T2 - Journal of Extension DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// VL - 47 IS - 6 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impact evaluation of integrated Extension programs: lessons learned from the community gardening program. AU - Jayaratne, K. S. U. AU - Bradley, L. K. AU - Driscoll, E. A. T2 - Journal of Extension DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// VL - 47 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The effects of aminoethoxyvinylglycine and naphthaleneacetic acid treatments on abscission and firmness of 'Scarletspur Delicious' apples at normal and delayed harvests AU - Unrath, C. R. AU - Obermiller, J. D. AU - Green, A. AU - McArtney, S. J. T2 - HortTechnology DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// VL - 19 IS - 3 SP - 620-625 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Postharvest evaluation of Cut Dahlia, Linaria, Lupine, Poppy, Rudbeckia, Trachelium, and Zinnia AU - Dole, J. M. AU - Viloria, Z. AU - Fanelli, F. L. AU - Fonteno, W. T2 - HortTechnology DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// VL - 19 IS - 3 SP - 593-600 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Names and species of Ophiopogon cultivated in the southeastern United States AU - Fantz, P. R. T2 - HortTechnology DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// VL - 19 IS - 2 SP - 385-394 ER - TY - JOUR TI - In-row Distance in Triploid Miniwatermelon Cultivars Affects Yield and Quality in Diverse Environments in the Southeastern United States AU - Hasse, Richard L. AU - Schultheis, Jonathan R. AU - Jester, Wilfred R. AU - Olson, Stephen M. AU - Miller, Gilbert A. T2 - HORTTECHNOLOGY AB - The goals of these studies were to determine how miniwatermelon ( Citrullus lanatus ) cultivars differed and responded to plant in-row spacing in terms of percentage of marketable fruit and yields, and if plant spacing impacted internal fruit quality. Three genetically diverse triploid miniwatermelon cultivars (Mohican, Petite Perfection, and Xite) were selected. These cultivars were evaluated in field locations at northern Florida (Quincy), central South Carolina (Blackville), coastal South Carolina (Charleston), and eastern North Carolina (Kinston) at five within-row distances. Within-row distance included 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 inches. All plots were15 ft long with row middles 9 ft apart. Fruit were categorized as marketable if they weighed between 3.1 and 9.0 lb per fruit. Within this range further categories were divided as follows: ≤3.0 lb (cull), 3.1 to 5.0 lb (small), 5.1 to 7.0 lb (average), 7.1 to 9.0 lb (large), and ≥9.1 lb (cull). There was a cultivar by location interaction, suggesting that the three cultivars responded differently at each of the four locations. ‘Petite Perfection’ was among the highest yielding at all locations except Quincy, where it was the lowest yielding cultivar. As with total yields, the percentage of marketable fruit was similar for some cultivars across locations. Cultivar Petite Perfection produced the highest percentage of marketable fruit at three of the four locations. The exception was the Quincy site where ‘Xite’ had the highest percentage of marketable fruit. Within-row plant distances and populations affected total marketable yield, both for fruit weight and number per plant, regardless of cultivar and location. As the plant population increased from eight plants per plot (21-inch in-row spacing) to 12 plants per plot (15-inch in-row spacing), total marketable miniwatermelon fruit yields increased in total fruit number as well as total weight. There was a cultivar by location interaction for the percentage of soluble solids and the rind thickness measurements, suggesting that some cultivars responded differently at each of the four locations. Quality effects were more apparent with ‘Mohican’ and ‘Xite’, as they were more responsive to location than ‘Petite Perfection’. DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.19.3.538 VL - 19 IS - 3 SP - 538-545 SN - 1063-0198 KW - Citrullus lanatus KW - seedless watermelon KW - location effect KW - genetic expression KW - population KW - plant density ER - TY - JOUR TI - Non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms in the watermelon eIF4E gene are closely associated with resistance to Zucchini yellow mosaic virus AU - Ling, Kai-Shu AU - Harris, Karen R. AU - Meyer, Jenelle D. F. AU - Levi, Amnon AU - Guner, Nihat AU - Wehner, Todd C. AU - Bendahmane, Abdelhafid AU - Havey, Michael J. T2 - THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS DA - 2009/12// PY - 2009/12// DO - 10.1007/s00122-009-1169-0 VL - 120 IS - 1 SP - 191-200 SN - 1432-2242 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Incommensurate spin correlation driven by frustration in BiCu2PO6 AU - Mentre, O. AU - Janod, E. AU - Rabu, P. AU - Hennion, M. AU - Leclercq-Hugeux, F. AU - Kang, J. AU - Lee, C. AU - Whangbo, M. -H. AU - Petit, S. T2 - PHYSICAL REVIEW B AB - The magnetic properties of ${\text{BiCu}}_{2}{\text{PO}}_{6}$ have been analyzed by means of magnetic-susceptibility and inelastic neutron-scattering measurements on powder samples by evaluating the spin-exchange interactions on the basis of density-functional calculations and by simulating the inelastic neutron scattering in terms of spin-exchange parameters. ${\text{BiCu}}_{2}{\text{PO}}_{6}$ exhibits magnetic properties described by the two-leg spin ladder with strong spin frustration along each leg chain and has a gapped quantum singlet ground state with excited magnetic states, showing an incommensurate dispersion arising from frustration. DA - 2009/11// PY - 2009/11// DO - 10.1103/physrevb.80.180413 VL - 80 IS - 18 SP - SN - 1098-0121 KW - antiferromagnetic materials KW - bismuth compounds KW - copper compounds KW - density functional theory KW - exchange interactions (electron) KW - excited states KW - frustration KW - ground states KW - magnetic susceptibility KW - neutron diffraction crystallography KW - spin dynamics ER - TY - JOUR TI - Plant Cell Calcium-Rich Environment Enhances Thermostability of Recombinantly Produced alpha-Amylase From the Hyperthermophilic Bacterium Thermotoga maritime AU - Santa-Maria, Monica C. AU - Chou, Chung-Jung AU - Yencho, G. Craig AU - Haigler, Candace H. AU - Thompson, William F. AU - Kelly, Robert M. AU - Sosinski, Bryon T2 - BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING AB - Abstract In the industrial processing of starch for sugar syrup and ethanol production, a liquefaction step is involved where starch is initially solubilized at high temperature and partially hydrolyzed with a thermostable and thermoactive α‐amylase. Most amylases require calcium as a cofactor for their activity and stability, therefore calcium, along with the thermostable enzyme, are typically added to the starch mixture during enzymatic liquefaction, thereby increasing process costs. An attractive alternative would be to produce the enzyme directly in the tissue to be treated. In a proof of concept study, tobacco cell cultures were used as model system to test in planta production of a hyperthermophilic α‐amylase from Thermotoga maritima . While comparable biochemical properties to recombinant production in Escherichia coli were observed, thermostability of the plant‐produced α‐amylase benefited significantly from high intrinsic calcium levels in the tobacco cells. The plant‐made enzyme retained 85% of its initial activity after 3 h incubation at 100°C, whereas the E. coli ‐produced enzyme was completely inactivated after 30 min under the same conditions. The addition of Ca 2+ or plant cell extracts from tobacco and sweetpotato to the E. coli ‐produced enzyme resulted in a similar stabilization, demonstrating the importance of a calcium‐rich environment for thermostability, as well as the advantage of producing this enzyme directly in plant cells where calcium is readily available. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009; 104: 947–956. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. DA - 2009/12/1/ PY - 2009/12/1/ DO - 10.1002/bit.22468 VL - 104 IS - 5 SP - 947-956 SN - 1097-0290 KW - hyperthermophilic enzymes KW - starch processing KW - transgenic plants KW - tobacco NT1 Cell cultures KW - biofuel ER - TY - PAT TI - Flowering quince plant named 'Pink Storm' AU - Ranney, T. G. C2 - 2009/// DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Seeding Rate Effects on Weed Control and Yield For Organic Soybean Production AU - Place, George T. AU - Reberg-Horton, Samuel Chris AU - Dunphy, Jim E. AU - Smith, Adam N. T2 - WEED TECHNOLOGY AB - The organic grain sector is one of the fastest growing sectors of the organic market, but farmers in the mid-Atlantic cannot meet the organic grain demand, including the demand for organic soybean. Weed management is cited by farmers as the largest challenge to organic soybean production. Recent soybean population studies show that lower seeding rates for genetically modified organism soybean farmers provide maximum economic return due to high seed technology fees and inexpensive herbicides. Such economic analysis may not be appropriate for organic soybean producers due to the absence of seed technology fees, stronger weed pressures, and price premiums for organic soybean. Soybean seeding rates in North Carolina have traditionally been suggested at approximately 247,000 live seeds/ha, depending on planting conditions. Higher seeding rates may result in a more competitive soybean population and better economic returns for organic soybean producers. Experiments were conducted in 2006 and 2007 to investigate seeding rates of 185,000, 309,000, 432,000, and 556,000 live seeds/ha. All rates were planted on 76-cm row spacing in organic and conventional weed management systems. Increased soybean seeding rates reduced weed ratings at three of the five sites. Increased soybean seeding rates also resulted in higher yield at three of the four sites. Maximum economic returns for organic treatments were achieved with the highest seeding rate in all sites. Results suggest that seeding rates as high as 556,000 live seeds/ha may provide organic soybean producers with better weed control, higher yield, and increased profits. DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// DO - 10.1614/WT-08-134.1 VL - 23 IS - 4 SP - 497-502 SN - 1550-2740 KW - Alternative weed management KW - cultural weed control KW - organic grain production ER - TY - JOUR TI - New Zealand Bittercress (Cardamine corymbosa; Brassicaceae): New to the United States AU - Post, A. R. AU - Neal, J. C. AU - Krings, A. AU - Sosinski, B. R. AU - Xiang, Q. T2 - WEED TECHNOLOGY AB - New Zealand bittercress is reported as new to the United States. While collecting specimens to determine what Cardamine species occur in the nursery trade, New Zealand bittercress was discovered in a container nursery in Wilkes County, North Carolina. The nursery tracked the shipment of contaminated plants to a wholesale nursery in Washington County, Oregon. It was subsequently confirmed that New Zealand bittercress also occurs in a nursery in Clackamas County, Oregon, and has likely been distributed throughout the United States as a contaminant in container grown ornamental plants. Thus far there have been no reports of naturalized populations outside of container nursery crop production facilities. DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// DO - 10.1614/WT-09-017.1 VL - 23 IS - 4 SP - 604-607 SN - 1550-2740 KW - Bittercress KW - Cardamine KW - new species KW - weed ER - TY - JOUR TI - In Vitro Shoot Regeneration and Polyploid Induction from Leaves of Hypericum Species AU - Meyer, Elisabeth M. AU - Touchell, Darren H. AU - Ranney, Thomas G. T2 - HORTSCIENCE AB - Hypericum L. H2003-004-016 is a complex hybrid among Hypericum frondosum Michx., Hypericum galioides Lam., and Hypericum kalmianum L. and exhibits valuable ornamental characteristics, including compact habit, bluish green foliage, and showy flowers. Inducing polyploidy may further enhance the ornamental traits of this hybrid and provide new opportunities for hybridizing with other naturally occurring polyploid Hypericum sp. In this study, in vitro shoot regeneration and treatment of regenerative callus with the dinitroaniline herbicide oryzalin (3,5-dinitro-N4,N4-dipropylsufanilamide) were investigated as a means of inducing allopolyploidy. First, in vitro regeneration was optimized for callus and shoot induction by culture of leaf explants on medium supplemented with benzylamino purine (BA) or meta -topolin (mT) at 5, 10, or 15 μM in combination with indoleacetic acid (IAA) at 0, 1.25, 2.5, or 5 μM. Both BA and mT treatments successfully induced regenerative callus and shoots. Multiple regression analysis estimated maximum regenerative callus (94%) and shoot induction (18 shoots per explant) in medium supplemented with 5 μM BA and 3.75 μM IAA. In the second part of the study, exposure of regenerative callus to oryzalin at 0, 7.5, 15, 30, 60, or 90 μM for durations of 3, 6, or 9 d was investigated for polyploid induction. There was no survival for any of the calli in the 60- or 90-μM oryzalin treatments, but calli subjected to the other treatments exhibited some survival and polyploid induction. Duration had no effect on callus survival or ploidy level, but oryzalin concentration was a significant factor in both. The greatest percentage (44%) of polyploids was induced with 30 μM oryzalin. Spontaneous chromosome doubling was observed in 8% of control explants receiving no oryzalin treatment. DA - 2009/12// PY - 2009/12// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.44.7.1957 VL - 44 IS - 7 SP - 1957-1961 SN - 2327-9834 KW - Hypericum frondosum KW - Hypericum galioides KW - Hypericum kalmianum KW - meta-topolin KW - oryzalin KW - endoreduplication ER - TY - JOUR TI - Container Medium pH in a Pine Tree Substrate Amended with Peatmoss and Dolomitic Limestone Affects Plant Growth AU - Jackson, Brian E. AU - Wright, Robert D. AU - Gruda, Nazim T2 - HORTSCIENCE AB - This work was conducted to evaluate the effect of limestone additions to pine tree substrate (PTS) and PTS amended with peatmoss on pH and plant growth. ‘Inca Gold’ marigold ( Tagetes erecta L.) and ‘Rocky Mountain White’ geranium ( Pelargonium × hortorum L.H. Bailey) were grown in three PTSs—100% PTS, PTS plus 25% peatmoss (v/v), and PTS plus 50% peatmoss (v/v)—made from freshly harvested loblolly pine trees ( Pinus taeda L.) chipped and hammermilled through a 4.76-mm screen and a peatmoss/perlite (4:1 v/v; PL) control. Each substrate was amended with various rates of dolomitic limestone and used to grow marigolds in 10-cm square (l-L) plastic containers and geraniums in round 15-cm (1.25-L) plastic containers in a glasshouse. Regardless of limestone rate, pH was highest in 100% PTS and decreased with peat additions with PL having the lowest pH. As percent peat increased from 25% to 50%, more limestone was required to adjust pH to a particular level showing that PTS is more weakly buffered against pH change than peatmoss. Adding limestone did not increase the growth of marigold in 100% PTS, but additions of limestone did increase growth of marigold when grown in PTS containing peatmoss or in PL. Geranium growth was higher in PTS containing peatmoss (25% or 50%) and PL than in 100% PTS at all limestone rates. This research demonstrates that PTS produced from freshly harvested pine trees has an inherently higher pH than PL, and the additions of peatmoss to PTS require pH adjustment of the substrate for optimal plant growth. DA - 2009/12// PY - 2009/12// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.44.7.1983 VL - 44 IS - 7 SP - 1983-1987 SN - 2327-9834 KW - fertilization KW - growing media KW - loblolly pine KW - Pelargonium xhortorum KW - Pinus taeda KW - plant nutrition KW - Tagetes erecta KW - wood substrate ER - TY - PAT TI - Buddleja plant named "Miss Ruby" AU - Werner, D. J. AU - Snelling, L. K. C2 - 2009/// DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// ER - TY - PAT TI - Buddleja plant named "Blue Chip" AU - Werner, D. J. AU - Snelling, L. K. C2 - 2009/// DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Production protocol development for greenhouse cut Linaria, Lupinus, and Papaver flowers AU - Dole, John M. AU - Greer, Lane T2 - SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE AB - Linaria maroccana Hook. f. Ann., ‘Lace Violet’, Lupinus hartwegii ssp. cruikshankii Lindl. ‘Sunrise’ and Papaver nudicaule L. ‘Meadow Pastels’ seeds were directly sown into 105 cell plug trays and received either ambient light or supplemental high intensity discharge (HID) lighting. For each species, a 2 × 3 × 3 factorial was used with two light intensities during propagation, three transplant stages, and three night temperatures. Seedlings were transplanted at the appearance of 2–3, 5–6, or 8–9 true leaves. Transplanted Linaria and Papaver seedlings were placed at 5/11, 10/16, or 15/21 ± 1 °C night/day temperatures and Lupinus seedlings were placed at 15/24, 18/25, or 20/26 ± 2 °C night/day temperatures. For this study, the optimum production temperature for Linaria was 10/16 °C as the cut stems produced at 15/21 °C were unmarketable and production time was excessively long at 5/11 °C. At 10/16 °C, Linaria seedlings should be transplanted at the 2–3 leaf stage to maximize stem number, stem length and profitability. For Lupinus the optimum temperature was 15/24 °C due to long stems and high profitability per plant. Lupinus seedlings should be transplanted at the 2–3 leaf stage when grown at 15/24 °C to obtain the longest and thickest stems; however, $/m2 week was higher for plants transplanted at the 8–9 leaf stage due to less time in finishing production space. For Papaver, the 15/21 °C temperature was optimal as that temperature produced the longest stems in the shortest duration, resulting in the highest $/m2 week. At 15/21 °C Papaver plants should be transplanted at the 2–3 leaf stage. Supplemental HID lighting had no effect on any of the species. DA - 2009/9/17/ PY - 2009/9/17/ DO - 10.1016/j.scienta.2009.05.005 VL - 122 IS - 2 SP - 233-237 SN - 1879-1018 KW - Linaria maroccana KW - Lupinus hartwegii KW - Papaver nudicaule KW - Toadflax KW - Lupine KW - Poppy KW - High intensity discharge lighting KW - Temperature ER - TY - JOUR TI - Magnetic ordering in the frustrated Heisenberg chain system cupric chloride CuCl2 AU - Banks, M. G. AU - Kremer, R. K. AU - Hoch, C. AU - Simon, A. AU - Ouladdiaf, B. AU - Broto, J. -M. AU - Rakoto, H. AU - Lee, C. AU - Whangbo, M. -H. T2 - PHYSICAL REVIEW B AB - We report a detailed examination of the magnetic structure of anhydrous cupric chloride ${\text{CuCl}}_{2}$ carried out by powder neutron diffraction, magnetic susceptibility, and specific heat measurements on polycrystalline and single-crystal samples as well as an evaluation of the spin-exchange interactions by first-principles density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. Anhydrous ${\text{CuCl}}_{2}$ shows one-dimensional antiferromagnetic behavior and long-range antiferromagnetic ordering below a N\'eel temperature of 23.9 K. Neutron powder and single-crystal diffraction reveal that, below 23.9 K, ${\text{CuCl}}_{2}$ undergoes a phase transition into an incommensurate magnetic structure [propagation vector (1,0.2257,0.5) with a spin spiral propagating along $b$ and the moments confined in the $bc$ crystallographic plane]. Our DFT calculations show that the spin spiral results from competing ferromagnetic nearest-neighbor and antiferromagnetic next-nearest-neighbor spin-exchange interactions along the spin chains. Implications for possible multiferroic behavior of ${\text{CuCl}}_{2}$ are discussed. DA - 2009/7// PY - 2009/7// DO - 10.1103/physrevb.80.024404 VL - 80 IS - 2 SP - SN - 1098-0121 KW - antiferromagnetic materials KW - copper compounds KW - crystal structure KW - density functional theory KW - exchange interactions (electron) KW - ferromagnetic materials KW - frustration KW - Heisenberg model KW - long-range order KW - magnetic structure KW - magnetic susceptibility KW - multiferroics KW - Neel temperature KW - neutron diffraction KW - solid-state phase transformations KW - specific heat ER - TY - JOUR TI - The tomato brassinosteroid receptor BRI1 increases binding of systemin to tobacco plasma membranes, but is not involved in systemin signaling AU - Malinowski, Robert AU - Higgins, Rebecca AU - Luo, Yuan AU - Piper, Laverne AU - Nazir, Azka AU - Bajwa, Vikramjit S. AU - Clouse, Steven D. AU - Thompson, Paul R. AU - Stratmann, Johannes W. T2 - PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY DA - 2009/7// PY - 2009/7// DO - 10.1007/s11103-009-9494-x VL - 70 IS - 5 SP - 603-616 SN - 1573-5028 KW - Systemin KW - SR160 KW - BRI1 KW - Wound response KW - Wound signaling KW - Brassinosteroids ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Third International Conference of Quantitative Genetics AU - Weir, Bruce S. AU - Hill, William G. AU - Zhu, Jun AU - Zeng, Zhao-Bang T2 - GENETICA AB - The third International Conference of Quantitative Genetics was held at Zheijiang University, Hangzhou, China from August 18 to 24, 2007. The papers of invited speakers at the conference comprise this issue of Genetica. The first ICQG was held in Ames, Iowa in 1976 and the second in Raleigh, North Carolina in 1987. Since the conference in Raleigh statistical techniques then in their infancy, such as QTL mapping and MCMC analysis, have become standard but still developing practices. New molecular techniques have enabled individual genes contributing to variation in quantitative traits to be identified. The new technologies of genomics and gene expression arrays provide new opportunities to understand the genetic basis of quantitative characters, but also new problems in statistical inference. The application of quantitative genetics has broadened from primarily animal and plant breeding into the genetics of human disease and the analyses of natural populations and their evolution. Indeed, it is now often termed the genetics of complex traits, in recognition of the fact that most diseases, for example, are not determined by just one or a handful of genes. The death of quantitative genetics has been forecast for 40 years or more; but it lives on, strongly. The wide range of topics and methods discussed in these papers show the diversity of applications of quantitative genetics and of the technologies employed. The conference was run as a single session in order to foster interactions and exchange of ideas and problems among those working on these different systems, species and technologies. In addition a number of selected short papers were presented in the oral sessions and others as posters. There were a total of 201 delegates at the conference, including 129 from outside the home country, who had opportunity to see and hear about research in quantitative genetics in China. Zhejiang University is one of the five most highly ranked research institutions in China, and arose from the merger of four specialist universities in the city. A new campus is being built and part of the University is already on that site. The City of Hangzhou is one of the seven ancient capital cities of China, and has many attractive features, including the famed West Lake. It is the capital city of Zheijiang province and has a population of nearly 4 million. Participants in Hangzhou considered intervals of 10 or 20 years far too long to enable adequate discussion and review of a changing subject, and that 5 years should be aimed for. Accordingly, the fourth conference will be held in Edinburgh in 2012. Those from outside the University are grateful to Jun Zhu and to the large team of staff and students at Zheijiang University led by Longjian Fan who undertook all the work and were exposed to the stresses and strains of managing a successful large conference. The conference and social events were excellent and provided many visitors their first exposure to Chinese culture. We are also grateful to Ron B. S. Weir Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98915, USA DA - 2009/6// PY - 2009/6// DO - 10.1007/s10709-008-9315-1 VL - 136 IS - 2 SP - 211-212 SN - 1573-6857 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Shooting control by brassinosteroids: metabolomic analysis and effect of brassinazole on Malus prunifolia, the Marubakaido apple rootstock AU - Pereira-Netto, Adaucto B. AU - Roessner, Ute AU - Fujioka, Shozo AU - Bacic, Antony AU - Asami, Tadao AU - Yoshida, Shigeo AU - Clouse, Steven D. T2 - TREE PHYSIOLOGY AB - To help unravel the role of brassinosteroids (BRs) in the control of shooting, we treated the shoots of Marubakaido apple rootstock (Malus prunifolia (Willd.) Borkh cv. Marubakaido) with brassinolide and Brz 220, an inhibitor of BR biosynthesis. Brassinolide differentially affected elongation and formation of main and primary lateral shoots, which resulted in reduced apical dominance. Treatment of shoots with increasing doses of Brz 220 led to a progressive inhibition of main shoot elongation. Eight different BRs were also identified in the shoots of M. prunifolia. Progressive decline in 6-deoxocathasterone, 6-deoxotyphasterol and castasterone was related to increased doses of Brz 220. Analysis of the metabolic profiles between a fluoro-containing derivative of 28-homocastasterone (5F-HCS) using treated and untreated shoots demonstrated that no 5F-HCS-specific metabolite was identified. However, 4 weeks after the treatment, fructose, glucose and the putatively identified gulonic acid were higher in 5F-HCS-treated shoots, compared to untreated shoots. These results indicate that the previously reported 5F-HCS-induced stimulation of shoot elongation and formation of new shoots in the Marubakaido shoots is under the control of changes in the endogenous BR pool. In addition, the results presented in this report also indicate that the 5F-HCS-induced shooting likely involves a variety of different mechanisms and consequently does not result from changes in the endogenous levels of any single metabolite. DA - 2009/4// PY - 2009/4// DO - 10.1093/treephys/tpn052 VL - 29 IS - 4 SP - 607-620 SN - 1758-4469 KW - endogenous brassinosteriods KW - homocastasterone KW - metabolite profiling KW - shoot elongation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Salicylic acid stimulates secretion of the normally symplastic enzyme mannitol dehydrogenase: a possible defense against mannitol-secreting fungal pathogens AU - Cheng, Fang-yi AU - Zamski, Eli AU - Guo, Wei-wen AU - Pharr, D. Mason AU - Williamson, John D. T2 - PLANTA DA - 2009/11// PY - 2009/11// DO - 10.1007/s00425-009-1006-3 VL - 230 IS - 6 SP - 1093-1103 SN - 1432-2048 KW - Protein secretion KW - Mannitol metabolism KW - Plant-pathogen interaction KW - Extracellular space KW - Apoplast ER - TY - JOUR TI - Replacing conventional nursery crop nutrient inputs with vermicompost for container production of hibiscus moscheutos L. 'Luna Blush' AU - McGinnis, M. S. AU - Warren, S. L. AU - Bilderback, T. E. T2 - HortScience DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// VL - 44 IS - 6 SP - 1698-1703 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dynamic Localization of the DNA Replication Proteins MCM5 and MCM7 in Plants AU - Shultz, Randall W. AU - Lee, Tae-Jin AU - Allen, George C. AU - Thompson, William F. AU - Hanley-Bowdoin, Linda T2 - PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AB - Abstract Genome integrity in eukaryotes depends on licensing mechanisms that prevent loading of the minichromosome maintenance complex (MCM2-7) onto replicated DNA during S phase. Although the principle of licensing appears to be conserved across all eukaryotes, the mechanisms that control it vary, and it is not clear how licensing is regulated in plants. In this work, we demonstrate that subunits of the MCM2-7 complex are coordinately expressed during Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) development and are abundant in proliferating and endocycling tissues, indicative of a role in DNA replication. We show that endogenous MCM5 and MCM7 proteins are localized in the nucleus during G1, S, and G2 phases of the cell cycle and are released into the cytoplasmic compartment during mitosis. We also show that MCM5 and MCM7 are topologically constrained on DNA and that the MCM complex is stable under high-salt conditions. Our results are consistent with a conserved replicative helicase function for the MCM complex in plants but not with the idea that plants resemble budding yeast by actively exporting the MCM complex from the nucleus to prevent unauthorized origin licensing and rereplication during S phase. Instead, our data show that, like other higher eukaryotes, the MCM complex in plants remains in the nucleus throughout most of the cell cycle and is only dispersed in mitotic cells. DA - 2009/6// PY - 2009/6// DO - 10.1104/pp.109.136614 VL - 150 IS - 2 SP - 658-669 SN - 1532-2548 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Characterization of calcium and boron deficiency and the effects of temporal disruption of calcium and boron supply on pansy, petunia, and gerbera plugs AU - Krug, B. A. AU - Whipker, B. E. AU - Frantz, J. AU - McCall, I. T2 - HortScience DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// VL - 44 IS - 6 SP - 1566-1572 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Absorption, Translocation, and Metabolism of Glufosinate in Transgenic and Nontransgenic Cotton, Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri), and Pitted Morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa) AU - Everman, Wesley J. AU - Thomas, Walter E. AU - Burton, James D. AU - York, Alan C. AU - Wilcut, John W. T2 - WEED SCIENCE AB - Greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate absorption, translocation, and metabolism of 14 C-glufosinate in glufosinate-resistant cotton, nontransgenic cotton, Palmer amaranth, and pitted morningglory. Cotton plants were treated at the four-leaf stage, whereas Palmer amaranth and pitted morningglory were treated at 7.5 and 10 cm, respectively. All plants were harvested at 1, 6, 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment (HAT). Absorption of 14 C-glufosinate was greater than 85% 24 h after treatment in Palmer amaranth. Absorption was less than 30% at all harvest intervals for glufosinate-resistant cotton, nontransgenic cotton, and pitted morningglory. At 24 HAT, 49 and 12% of radioactivity was translocated to regions above and below the treated leaf, respectively, in Palmer amaranth. Metabolites of 14 C-glufosinate were detected in all crop and weed species. Metabolism of 14 C-glufosinate was 16% or lower in nontransgenic cotton and pitted morningglory; however, metabolism rates were greater than 70% in glufosinate-resistant cotton 72 HAT. Intermediate metabolism was observed for Palmer amaranth, with metabolites comprising 20 to 30% of detectable radioactivity between 6 and 72 HAT. DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// DO - 10.1614/WS-09-015.1 VL - 57 IS - 4 SP - 357-361 SN - 1550-2759 KW - Absorption KW - cotton KW - glufosinate KW - metabolism KW - translocation ER - TY - JOUR TI - 'Law Rome' and 'Golden Delicious' apples differ in their response to preharvest and postharvest 1-Methylcyclopropene treatment combinations AU - McArtney, S. J. AU - Obermiller, J. D. AU - Hoyt, T. AU - Parker, M. L. T2 - HortScience DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// VL - 44 IS - 6 SP - 1632-1636 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sorghum sudangrass as a summer cover and hay crop for organic fall cabbage production AU - Finney, Denise M. AU - Creamer, Nancy G. AU - Schultheis, Jonathan R. AU - Wagger, Michael G. AU - Brownie, Cavell T2 - RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS AB - Abstract No-tillage (NT) organic vegetable production presents several economic opportunities for growers in the southeastern United States while promoting natural resource conservation. This study was conducted to determine if removal of sorghum sudangrass (SS) cover crop biomass as hay, frequency at which the cover crop is mowed, and tillage affect weed suppression and head weight of transplanted organic cabbage. Sorghum sudangrass [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench× Sorgum sudanense (Piper) Staph.] was planted in May 2004 at Reidsville and Goldsboro, NC, preceding the planting of organic ‘Bravo’ cabbage ( Brassica oleracea L. Capitata group) in August and September 2004, respectively. SS management systems included: low-frequency mowing with hay removed following the first mowing operation (LFM-H), low-frequency mowing with hay not removed (LFM), high-frequency mowing with hay not removed (HFM) and a no cover crop control. Two tillage treatments were applied within each management system: conventional tillage (CT) and NT. Under NT conditions, SS mulch generated by LFM offered broadleaf weed control in cabbage similar to that achieved under CT, regardless of whether cover crop biomass was removed as hay. Mowing with higher frequency reduced SS cover crop biomass by 18–33% and reduced weed suppression in NT cabbage. Mowing frequency did not influence the quantity of SS that re-grew in the cabbage crop. SS re-growth contributed to lower head weight in NT compared to CT cabbage in Goldsboro, and crop failure of NT cabbage in Reidsville. Cabbage head weight was highest when the crop was not preceded by SS in both CT and NT systems (1.6 as opposed to 1.3–1.4 kg head −1 ). Our findings suggest that the potential for growers to manage a cover crop also as a hay crop does exist; however, SS may not be a compatible cover crop species for organic fall cabbage production due to high amounts of re-growth. DA - 2009/9// PY - 2009/9// DO - 10.1017/S174217050999007X VL - 24 IS - 3 SP - 225-233 SN - 1742-1713 KW - Sorghum bicolor x Sorghum sudanense KW - Brassica oleracea KW - no-tillage KW - conservation tillage KW - organic vegetable production KW - cover cropping KW - weed management ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sequential Applications for Mesosulfuron and Nitrogen Needed in Wheat AU - Sosnoskie, Lynn M. AU - Culpepper, A. Stanley AU - York, Alan C. AU - Beam, Josh B. AU - MacRae, Andrew W. T2 - WEED TECHNOLOGY AB - Mesosulfuron is often applied to wheat at a time of year when top-dress nitrogen is also applied. Current labeling for mesosulfuron cautions against applying nitrogen within 14 d of herbicide application. Soft red winter wheat response to mesosulfuron and urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) applied sequentially and in mixtures was determined at three locations in North Carolina and Georgia during 2005 and 2006. Mesosulfuron at 0, 15, and 30 g ai/ha was applied in water to wheat at Feekes growth stage (GS) 3 followed by UAN at 280 L/ha 2 h, 7 d, 14 d, and 21 d after mesosulfuron. Mesosulfuron applied in UAN was also evaluated in 2006. Mesosulfuron injured wheat 6 to 9% in 2005 and 12 to 23% in 2006 when UAN was applied 2 h or 7 d after the herbicide. Wheat injury did not exceed 8% when UAN was applied 14 or 21 d after the herbicide. Greatest injury, 35 to 40%, was noted when mesosulfuron and UAN were combined. Wheat yield was unaffected by mesosulfuron or time of UAN application in 2005. In 2006, yield was affected by the timing of UAN application relative to mesosulfuron; wheat yield increased as the interval, in days, between UAN and herbicide applications increased. To avoid crop injury and possible yield reduction, mesosulfuron and UAN applications should be separated by at least 7 to 14 d. These findings are consistent with precautions on the mesosulfuron label. DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// DO - 10.1614/WT-09-019.1 VL - 23 IS - 3 SP - 404-407 SN - 1550-2740 KW - Crop injury KW - herbicide-fertilizer interaction KW - herbicide and fertilizer mixtures KW - nitrogen carrier for herbicide KW - urea ammonium nitrate ER - TY - JOUR TI - Overexpression of a directed mutant of 14-3-3 omega in Arabidopsis leaves affects phosphorylation and protein content of nitrate reductase AU - Oh, Man-Ho AU - Huber, Joan L. AU - Shen, Wei AU - Athwal, Gurdeep S. AU - Wu, Xia AU - Huber, Steven C. T2 - BOTANY AB - The 14-3-3 family of proteins are highly conserved signaling proteins in eukaryotes that bind to their client proteins, usually through specific phosphorylated target sequences. While the 14-3-3 proteins are thought to interact with a wide array of cellular proteins, there have been few studies addressing the in-vivo role of 14-3-3. As one approach to study this in-vivo role, we generated transgenic Arabidopsis plants constitutively overexpressing a directed mutant of 14-3-3 isoform ω that inhibits phosphorylated nitrate reductase (pNR) in a largely divalent-cation-independent manner in vitro. The transgenic plants had increased relative phosphorylation of NR at the regulatory Ser-534 site and decreased NR activity measured in the presence of 5 mmol·L –1 MgCl 2 relative to nontransgenic plants. In addition, total NR protein was increased and the protein half-life was increased about two-fold. Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis analysis of proteins extracted from leaves of plants expressing the mutant 14-3-3 identified numerous cellular proteins that were altered in abundance. In particular, several β-glucosidase and glutathione S-transferase isoforms were decreased in abundance relative to wild type plants suggesting a possible alteration in stress or defense responses. DA - 2009/7// PY - 2009/7// DO - 10.1139/b09-003 VL - 87 IS - 7 SP - 691-701 SN - 1916-2804 KW - Arabidopsis thaliana KW - 14-3-3 protein KW - beta-glucosidase KW - glutathione S-transferase KW - two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis KW - site-directed mutagenesis ER - TY - JOUR TI - Multiple interval mapping for gene expression QTL analysis AU - Zou, Wei AU - Zeng, Zhao-Bang T2 - GENETICA DA - 2009/11// PY - 2009/11// DO - 10.1007/s10709-009-9365-z VL - 137 IS - 2 SP - 125-134 SN - 1573-6857 KW - eQTL KW - FDR KW - MIM KW - Model selection ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of Preplant and Postplant Rotary Hoe Use on Weed Control, Soybean Pod Position, and Soybean Yield AU - Place, George T. AU - Reberg-Horton, S. Chris AU - Burton, Michael G. T2 - WEED SCIENCE AB - Demand for organic food products has consistently increased for more than 20 yr. The largest obstacle to organic soybean production in the southeastern United States is weed management. Current organic soybean production relies on mechanical weed control, including multiple postplant rotary hoe uses. Although postplant rotary hoe use is effective at the weed germination stage, its efficacy is severely compromised by delays due to weather. Preplant rotary hoeing is also a practice that has been utilized for weed control but the effectiveness of this practice to reduce the need for multiple postplant rotary hoeing for organic soybean production in the southeastern United States has not been investigated. Preplant rotary hoe treatments included a weekly rotary hoeing 4 wk before planting, 2 wk before planting, and none. Postplant rotary hoe treatments consisted of zero, one, two, three, and four postplant rotary hoe uses. Weed control was increased with preplant rotary hoeing at Plymouth in 2006 and 2007 but this effect disappeared with the first postplant rotary hoeing. Multiple postplant rotary hoe uses decreased soybean plant populations, decreased soybean canopy height, lowered soybean pod position, and decreased soybean yield. Plant mapping revealed that the percentage of total nodes and pods below 30 cm was increased by increased frequency of postplant rotary hoe use. DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// DO - 10.1614/WS-08-132.1 VL - 57 IS - 3 SP - 290-295 SN - 1550-2759 KW - Organic weed management KW - organic farming KW - stale seedbed KW - mechanical weed control ER - TY - JOUR TI - Contribution of genetic effects to genetic variance components with epistasis and linkage disequilibrium AU - Wang, Tao AU - Zeng, Zhao-Bang T2 - BMC GENETICS AB - Cockerham genetic models are commonly used in quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis with a special feature of partitioning genotypic variances into various genetic variance components, while the F(infinity) genetic models are widely used in genetic association studies. Over years, there have been some confusion about the relationship between these two type of models. A link between the additive, dominance and epistatic effects in an F(infinity) model and the additive, dominance and epistatic variance components in a Cockerham model has not been well established, especially when there are multiple QTL in presence of epistasis and linkage disequilibrium (LD).In this paper, we further explore the differences and links between the F(infinity) and Cockerham models. First, we show that the Cockerham type models are allelic based models with a special modification to correct a confounding problem. Several important moment functions, which are useful for partition of variance components in Cockerham models, are also derived. Next, we discuss properties of the Finfinity models in partition of genotypic variances. Its difference from that of the Cockerham models is addressed. Finally, for a two-locus biallelic QTL model with epistasis and LD between the loci, we present detailed formulas for calculation of the genetic variance components in terms of the additive, dominant and epistatic effects in an F(infinity) model. A new way of linking the Cockerham and F(infinity) model parameters through their coding variables of genotypes is also proposed, which is especially useful when reduced F(infinity) models are applied.The Cockerham type models are allele-based models with a focus on partition of genotypic variances into various genetic variance components, which are contributed by allelic effects and their interactions. By contrast, the F(infinity) regression models are genotype-based models focusing on modeling and testing of within-locus genotypic effects and locus-by-locus genotypic interactions. When there is no need to distinguish the paternal and maternal allelic effects, these two types of models are transferable. Transformation between an F(infinity) model's parameters and its corresponding Cockerham model's parameters can be established through a relationship between their coding variables of genotypes. Genetic variance components in terms of the additive, dominance and epistatic genetic effects in an F(infinity) model can then be calculated by translating formulas derived for the Cockerham models. DA - 2009/9/4/ PY - 2009/9/4/ DO - 10.1186/1471-2156-10-52 VL - 10 SP - SN - 1471-2156 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A technique for assessing environmental impact risks of agricultural systems AU - Sydorovych, Olha AU - Raczkowski, Charles W. AU - Wossink, Ada AU - Mueller, J. Paul AU - Creamer, Nancy G. AU - Hu, Shuijin AU - Bell, Melissa AU - Tu, Cong T2 - RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS AB - Abstract Conventional agriculture often aims to achieve high returns without allowing for sustainable natural resource management. To prevent environmental degradation, agricultural systems must be assessed and environmental standards need to be developed. This study used a multi-factor approach to assess the potential environmental impact risk of six diverse systems: five production systems and a successional system or abandoned agronomic field. Assessment factors were soil quality status, amount of pesticide and fertilizer applied and tillage intensity. The assessment identified the best management practices (BMP)–conventional tillage system as a high-risk system mostly because of extensive tillage. The certified organic system was also extensively tilled and was characterized by P build-up in the soil, but performed well based on other assessment factors. Conversely, the BMP–no tillage and the crop–animal integrated system were characterized as low risk mainly because of reduced tillage. The paper discusses assessment strengths and weaknesses, ways to improve indicators used, and the need for additional indicators. We concluded that with further development the technique will become a resourceful tool to promote agricultural sustainability and environmental stewardship and assist policy-making processes. DA - 2009/9// PY - 2009/9// DO - 10.1017/S174217050999010X VL - 24 IS - 3 SP - 234-243 SN - 1742-1713 KW - environmental impact assessment KW - environmental risk indicators KW - agricultural production systems KW - soil quality KW - large-scale systems experiment KW - best management practices KW - farming systems ER - TY - JOUR TI - 'NASPOT 7', 'NASPOT 8', 'NASPOT 9 O', 'NASPOT 10 O', and 'Dimbuka-Bukulula' Sweetpotato AU - Mwanga, Robert O. M. AU - Odongo, Benson AU - Niringiye, Charles AU - Alajo, Agnes AU - Kigozi, Benjamin AU - Makumbi, Rose AU - Lugwana, Esther AU - Namukula, Joweria AU - Mpembe, Isaac AU - Kapinga, Regina AU - Lemaga, Berga AU - Nsumba, James AU - Tumwegamire, Silver AU - Yencho, Craig G. T2 - HORTSCIENCE DA - 2009/6// PY - 2009/6// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.44.3.828 VL - 44 IS - 3 SP - 828-832 SN - 2327-9834 KW - Ipomoea batatas KW - Sweetpotato virus disease KW - Alternaria bataticola blight KW - provitamin A ER - TY - JOUR TI - 'Blue Chip' and 'Miss Ruby' Buddleja AU - Werner, Dennis J. AU - Snelling, Layne K. T2 - HORTSCIENCE AB - Buddleja (Scrophulariaceae Juss., formally Buddlejaceae K. Wilhelm and Loganiaceae R. Brown), commonly called butterfly bush, is a popular landscape shrub worldwide valued for its summer flowering, fragrance, and attractiveness to butterflies. Numerous cultivars in a range of flower colors are available. Most cultivars are vigorous, often attaining a height of over 2 m in one growing season, too large for many residential landscapes. To address the issue of excessive vigor, a compact cultivar of Buddleja named ‘Blue Chip’ was released. Pink is a popular color in Buddleja, but few pink-flowered cultivars are available. ‘Pink Delight’, the most common cultivar, is very vigorous, limiting its landscape uses. ‘Miss Ruby’ has been released to provide a cultivar demonstrating improved pink color and compact growth habit as compared with ‘Pink Delight’. DA - 2009/6// PY - 2009/6// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.44.3.841 VL - 44 IS - 3 SP - 841-842 SN - 0018-5345 KW - Buddlejaceae KW - Scrophulariaceae KW - Loganiaceae KW - interspecific hybridization KW - plant architecture KW - invasiveness ER - TY - JOUR TI - Differential Resistance of Gordonieae Trees to Phytophthora cinnamomi AU - Meyer, Elisabeth M. AU - Ranney, Thomas G. AU - Eaker, Thomas A. AU - Ivors, Kelly T2 - HortScience AB - Trees in the Theaceae tribe Gordonieae are valuable nursery crops, but some of these taxa are known to be highly susceptible to root rot caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands. The objective of this study was to evaluate a collection of Gordonieae taxa for resistance to this pathogen. These taxa included Franklinia alatamaha Bart. Ex Marshall, Gordonia lasianthus (L.) Ellis, Schima wallichii Choisy, S. khasiana Dyer, ×Schimlinia floribunda Ranney & Fantz, and ×Gordlinia grandiflora Ranney & Fantz. Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. was also included in the study as a positive control. Container-grown trees were inoculated with three isolates of P. cinnamomi and symptoms were rated over an 84-day period during the summer of 2008. Disease symptom ratings from 1 (healthy) to 4 (dead) were collected twice weekly and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) values were calculated. None of the S. khasiana or S. wallichii exhibited any root rot symptoms or mortality, whereas the remaining species showed symptoms of infection at varying levels over time. Symptoms in F. alatamaha and A. fraseri were apparent before other taxa, and mortality for both species reached 100% by the end of the experiment. Comparison of AUDPC values indicated that F. alatamaha was the most susceptible followed by A. fraseri . There was no significant difference in AUDPC among the more resistant taxa, including G. lasianthus , both Schima species, and the intergeneric hybrids. Values for AUDPC in the hybrid taxa were similar to their more resistant parental genus, indicating that resistance to P. cinnamomi is a partially dominant trait in these plants. These results further suggest the potential to breed improved hybrids of Gordonieae trees with substantial resistance to P. cinnamomi . DA - 2009/8// PY - 2009/8// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.44.5.1484 VL - 44 IS - 5 SP - 1484-1486 OP - SN - 0018-5345 2327-9834 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.44.5.1484 DB - Crossref KW - host plant resistance KW - disease resistance KW - Abies fraseri KW - Franklinia alatamaha KW - Gordonia lasianthus KW - xGordlinia grandiflora KW - xSchimlinia floribunda KW - Schima wallichii KW - Schima khasiana KW - Phlytophthora cinnamomi ER - TY - JOUR TI - An Efficient Organic Solvent Based Extraction Method for the Proteomic Analysis of Arabidopsis Plasma Membranes AU - Mitra, Srijeet K. AU - Walters, Benjamin T. AU - Clouse, Steven D. AU - Goshe, Michael B. T2 - JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH AB - Membrane proteins are involved in diverse cellular processes and are an integral component of many signaling cascades, but due to their highly hydrophobic nature and the complexities associated with studying these proteins in planta, alternative methods are being developed to better characterize these proteins on a proteome-wide scale. In our previous work ( Mitra , S. K. et al. J. Proteome Res. 2007 , 6 , ( 5 ), 1933 - 50 ), methanol-assisted solubilization was determined to facilitate the identification of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic membrane proteins compared to Brij-58 solubilization and was particularly effective for leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR RLKs). To improve peptide identification and to overcome sample losses after tryptic digestion, we have developed an effective chloroform extraction method to promote plasma membrane protein identification. The use of chloroform extraction over traditional solid-phase extraction (SPE) prior to off-line strong cation exchange liquid chromatography (SCXC) and reversed-phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) analysis facilitated the removal of chlorophylls, major contaminants of plant tissue preparations that can affect downstream analysis, in addition to the effective removal of trypsin used in the digestion. On the basis of a statistically derived 5% false discovery rate, the chloroform extraction procedure increased the identification of unique peptides for plasma membrane proteins over SPE by 70% which produced nearly a 2-fold increase in detection of membrane transporters and LRR RLKs without increased identification of contaminating Rubisco and ribosomal peptides. Overall, the combined use of methanol and chloroform provides an effective method to study membrane proteins and can be readily applied to other tissues and cells types for proteomic analysis. DA - 2009/6// PY - 2009/6// DO - 10.1021/pr801044y VL - 8 IS - 6 SP - 2752-2767 SN - 1535-3907 KW - Proteomics KW - mass spectrometry KW - liquid chromatography KW - strong cation exchanges KW - phase partitioning KW - membrane proteins KW - transporters KW - Arabidopsis KW - methanol ER - TY - JOUR TI - First Report of Impatiens necrotic spot virus in Blackberry in the Southeastern United States AU - Tzanetakis, I. E. AU - Guzman-Baeny, T. L. AU - VanEsbroeck, Z. P. AU - Fernandez, G. E. AU - Martin, R. R. T2 - PLANT DISEASE AB - Blackberry yellow vein disease (BYVD) has emerged as an important disease of blackberry (Rubus spp.) in the south and southeastern United States (2,3). In an effort to characterize viruses that may be involved in the disease, double-stranded RNA extracted from a symptomatic ‘Apache’ blackberry from South Carolina was used for shotgun cDNA cloning (4). Sequence analysis showed that in addition to Blackberry yellow vein associated virus (BYVaV) (2), a constant component of BYVD, sequences of Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV) also were obtained. The 623-nt fragment of INSV (Genbank Accession No. EU287930) shared 98% nucleotide and amino acid sequence identity with GenBank Accession No. NC003616. Confirmation of the results of the initial shotgun cloning was done by reverse transcription-PCR with primers INSVF (5′ GATCTGTCCTGGGATTGTTC 3′) and INSVR (5′ GTCTCCTTCTGGTTCTATAATCAT 3′) that amplify a 460 base fragment of the M RNA of INSV. Amplicons obtained from single-stranded and dsRNA templates were sequenced and found to be identical with EU287930. The identity of INSV by PCR was also supported by positive results with a commercially available INSV-ELISA kit (AC Diagnostics, Fayetteville, AR). Earlier, more than 400 plants from North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia with BYVD and other virus-like symptoms were tested for INSV by ELISA and approximately 33% were found to be infected with the virus (1). Thus, INSV appears to be one of the major viruses infecting blackberry in the southeastern United States, and it remains to be seen if INSV acts synergistically with BYVaV and other viruses to contribute to the severity of BYDV. To our knowledge, this is the first report of INSV infecting Rubus spp. References: (1) T. L. Guzmán-Baeny. M.S. thesis. North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 2003. (2) J. Susaimuthu et al. Plant Pathol. 55:607, 2006. (3) J. Susaimuthu et al. Virus Res. 131:145, 2008. (4) I. E. Tzanetakis et al. J. Virol. Methods 124:73, 2005. DA - 2009/4// PY - 2009/4// DO - 10.1094/PDIS-93-4-0432A VL - 93 IS - 4 SP - 432-432 SN - 0191-2917 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Rapid shoot regeneration in industrial 'high starch' sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) genotypes AU - Santa-Maria, Monica AU - Pecota, Kenneth V. AU - Yencho, Craig G. AU - Allen, George AU - Sosinski, Bryon T2 - PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE DA - 2009/4// PY - 2009/4// DO - 10.1007/s11240-009-9504-3 VL - 97 IS - 1 SP - 109-117 SN - 1573-5044 KW - Meristem culture KW - High dry matter KW - Organogenesis KW - Storage roots KW - Sweet potato KW - Virus indexing ER - TY - JOUR TI - Naphthaleneacetic acid reduces leader growth of Fraser fir Christmas trees AU - Rutledge, M. E. AU - Frampton, J. AU - Blank, G. AU - Hinesley, L. E. T2 - HortScience DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// VL - 44 IS - 2 SP - 345-348 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ethephon Residual Catalysis on Unrooted Impatiens hawkeri Cuttings and Stock Plants AU - Leatherwood, W. Roland AU - Dole, John M. AU - Faust, James E. T2 - HORTSCIENCE AB - Ethephon [(2-chloroethyl) phosphonic acid] is used to increase stock plant cutting productivity through increased flower and flower bud abscission and branching. However, ethylene evolution resulting from ethephon application is suspected to cause leaf abscission of unrooted cuttings during shipping. It was the objective of this study to assess ethylene evolution from ethephon-treated cuttings during storage and shipping of unrooted cuttings. Impatiens hawkeri W. Bull ‘Sonic Red’ and ‘Sonic White’ stock plants were treated with 0, 250, 500, or 1000 mg·L −1 ethephon. Cuttings were harvested from 1 to 21 days later and each harvest was stored at 20 °C in sealed jars for 24 h before ethylene measurement. Higher ethephon doses resulted in greater ethylene generation. Cuttings harvested 1 day after treatment with 0, 250, 500, or 1000 mg·L −1 ethephon evolved 0.07, 1.3, 1.7, or 5.8 μL·L −1 ·g −1 (fresh weight) ethylene in the first 24 h of storage at 20 °C, respectively. Twenty-one days after treatment, cuttings from the same plants evolved 0.05, 0.05, 0.15, or 0.14 μL·L −1 ·g −1 (fresh weight) ethylene in the first 24 h of storage at 20 °C, respectively. As cuttings were harvested from Day 1 to Day 21, ethylene concentrations evolved within the first 24 h of storage decreased exponentially. Rinsing cuttings, treated 24 h earlier with 500 mg·L −1 ethephon, by gently agitating for 10 s in deionized water reduced ethylene evolution to 0.7 μL·L −1 ·g −1 (fresh weight) as compared with 1.7 for unrinsed cuttings. Cuttings harvested 24 h after treatment with 500 mg·L −1 ethephon stored at 10, 15, 20, and 25 °C for 24 h evolved 0.37, 0.81, 2.03, and 3.55 μL·L −1 ·g −1 (fresh weight) ethylene. The resulting mean temperature coefficient (Q 10 ) for the 10 to 25 °C range from all replications was 5.15 ± 0.85. Thus, ethylene continues to evolve from ethephon-treated Impatiens hawkeri stock plants for up to 21 days and can accumulate to high concentrations during cutting storage. DA - 2009/4// PY - 2009/4// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.44.2.532 VL - 44 IS - 2 SP - 532-535 SN - 2327-9834 KW - ethylene KW - postharvest KW - storage ER - TY - JOUR TI - Synteny of Prunus and other model plant species AU - Jung, Sook AU - Jiwan, Derick AU - Cho, Ilhyung AU - Lee, Taein AU - Abbott, Albert AU - Sosinski, Bryon AU - Main, Dorrie T2 - BMC GENOMICS AB - Fragmentary conservation of synteny has been reported between map-anchored Prunus sequences and Arabidopsis. With the availability of genome sequence for fellow rosid I members Populus and Medicago, we analyzed the synteny between Prunus and the three model genomes. Eight Prunus BAC sequences and map-anchored Prunus sequences were used in the comparison.We found a well conserved synteny across the Prunus species -- peach, plum, and apricot -- and Populus using a set of homologous Prunus BACs. Conversely, we could not detect any synteny with Arabidopsis in this region. Other peach BACs also showed extensive synteny with Populus. The syntenic regions detected were up to 477 kb in Populus. Two syntenic regions between Arabidopsis and these BACs were much shorter, around 10 kb. We also found syntenic regions that are conserved between the Prunus BACs and Medicago. The array of synteny corresponded with the proposed whole genome duplication events in Populus and Medicago. Using map-anchored Prunus sequences, we detected many syntenic blocks with several gene pairs between Prunus and Populus or Arabidopsis. We observed a more complex network of synteny between Prunus-Arabidopsis, indicative of multiple genome duplication and subsequence gene loss in Arabidopsis.Our result shows the striking microsynteny between the Prunus BACs and the genome of Populus and Medicago. In macrosynteny analysis, more distinct Prunus regions were syntenic to Populus than to Arabidopsis. DA - 2009/2/10/ PY - 2009/2/10/ DO - 10.1186/1471-2164-10-76 VL - 10 SP - SN - 1471-2164 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Denial of service attacks and defenses in decentralized trust management AU - Li, Jiangtao AU - Li, Ninghui AU - Wang, XiaoFeng AU - Yu, Ting T2 - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SECURITY AB - Trust management is an approach to scalable and flexible access control in decentralized systems. In trust management, a server often needs to evaluate a chain of credentials submitted by a client; this requires the server to perform multiple expensive digital signature verifications. In this paper, we study low-bandwidth Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks that exploit the existence of trust management systems to deplete server resources. Although the threat of DoS attacks has been studied for some application-level protocols such as authentication protocols, we show that it is especially destructive for trust management systems. Exploiting the delegation feature in trust management languages, an attacker can forge a long credential chain to force a server to consume a large amount of computing resource. Using game theory as an analytic tool, we demonstrate that unprotected trust management servers will easily fall prey to a witty attacker who moves smartly. We report our empirical study of existing trust management systems, which manifests the gravity of this threat. We also propose a defense technique using credential caching, and show that it is effective in the presence of intelligent attackers. DA - 2009/4// PY - 2009/4// DO - 10.1007/s10207-008-0068-8 VL - 8 IS - 2 SP - 89-101 SN - 1615-5270 KW - Trust management KW - Denial of service KW - Access control KW - Trust negotiation KW - Game theory ER - TY - JOUR TI - Measuring and partitioning the high-order linkage disequilibrium by multiple order Markov chains (vol 32, pg 301, 2008) AU - Kim, Y. J. AU - Feng, S. AU - Zeng, Z. B. T2 - Genetic Epidemiology DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// VL - 33 IS - 2 SP - 181-181 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Does karrikinolide improve the germination and seedling vigour of switchgrass? AU - George, N. T2 - SEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// DO - 10.15258/sst.2009.37.1.30 VL - 37 IS - 1 SP - 251-254 SN - 0251-0952 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A Joint Association Test for Multiple SNPs in Genetic Case-Control Studies AU - Wang, Tao AU - Jacob, Howard AU - Ghosh, Soumitra AU - Wang, Xujing AU - Zeng, Zhao-Bang T2 - GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY AB - For a dense set of genetic markers such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on high linkage disequilibrium within a small candidate region, a haplotype-based approach for testing association between a disease phenotype and the set of markers is attractive in reducing the data complexity and increasing the statistical power. However, due to unknown status of the underlying disease variant, a comprehensive association test may require consideration of various combinations of the SNPs, which often leads to severe multiple testing problems. In this paper, we propose a latent variable approach to test for association of multiple tightly linked SNPs in case-control studies. First, we introduce a latent variable into the penetrance model to characterize a putative disease susceptible locus (DSL) that may consist of a marker allele, a haplotype from a subset of the markers, or an allele at a putative locus between the markers. Next, through using of a retrospective likelihood to adjust for the case-control sampling ascertainment and appropriately handle the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium constraint, we develop an expectation-maximization (EM)-based algorithm to fit the penetrance model and estimate the joint haplotype frequencies of the DSL and markers simultaneously. With the latent variable to describe a flexible role of the DSL, the likelihood ratio statistic can then provide a joint association test for the set of markers without requiring an adjustment for testing of multiple haplotypes. Our simulation results also reveal that the latent variable approach may have improved power under certain scenarios comparing with classical haplotype association methods. DA - 2009/2// PY - 2009/2// DO - 10.1002/gepi.20368 VL - 33 IS - 2 SP - 151-163 SN - 0741-0395 KW - haplotype association KW - retrospective likelihood KW - latent variable KW - logistic mixture model KW - EM algorithm ER - TY - JOUR TI - Tyrosine phosphorylation of the BRI1 receptor kinase emerges as a component of brassinosteroid signaling in Arabidopsis AU - Oh, Man-Ho AU - Wang, Xiaofeng AU - Kota, Uma AU - Goshe, Michael B. AU - Clouse, Steven D. AU - Huber, Steven C. T2 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AB - Brassinosteroids (BRs) are essential growth-promoting hormones that regulate many aspects of plant growth and development. Two leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR-RLKs) are involved in BR perception and signal transduction: brassinosteroid insensitive 1 (BRI1), which is the BR receptor, and its coreceptor BRI1-associated kinase 1 (BAK1). Both proteins are classified as serine/threonine protein kinases, but here we report that recombinant cytoplasmic domains of BRI1 and BAK1 also autophosphorylate on tyrosine residues and thus are dual-specificity kinases. With BRI1, Tyr-831 and Tyr-956 are identified as autophosphorylation sites in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, Tyr-956 in kinase subdomain V is essential for activity, because the Y956F mutant is catalytically inactive and thus this site cannot be simply manipulated by mutagenesis. In contrast, Tyr-831 in the juxtamembrane domain is not essential for kinase activity but plays an important role in BR signaling in vivo, because expression of BRI1(Y831F)-Flag in transgenic bri1-5 plants results in plants with larger leaves (but altered leaf shape) and early flowering relative to plants expressing wild-type BRI1-Flag. Acidic substitutions of Tyr-831 restored normal leaf size (but not shape) and normal flowering time. This is an example where a specific tyrosine residue has been shown to play an important role in vivo in plant receptor kinase function. Interestingly, 6 additional LRR-RLKs (of the 23 tested) were also found to autophosphorylate on tyrosine in addition to serine and threonine, suggesting that tyrosine signaling should be considered with other plant receptor kinases as well. DA - 2009/1/13/ PY - 2009/1/13/ DO - 10.1073/pnas.0810249106 VL - 106 IS - 2 SP - 658-663 SN - 0027-8424 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Maximum Potential Vegetative and Floral Production and Fruit Characteristics of Watermelon Pollenizers AU - Dittmar, Peter J. AU - Monks, David W. AU - Schultheis, Jonathan R. T2 - HORTSCIENCE AB - Triploid (seedless) watermelon [ Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nak.] pollen is nonviable; thus, diploid (pollenizer) watermelon cultigens are required to supply viable pollen for triploid watermelon fruit set. The objective of this research was to characterize maximum potential vegetative growth, staminate and pistillate flower production over time, and measure exterior and interior fruit characteristics of pollenizer cultigens. Sixteen commercially available and numbered line (hereafter collectively referred to as cultigens) pollenizer and two triploid cultigens were evaluated in 2005 and 2006 at Clayton, NC. Vegetative growth was measured using vine and internode length, and staminate and pistillate flower development was counted weekly. Fruit quality and quantity were determined by measuring individual fruit weights, soluble solids, and rind thickness. Based on vegetative growth, pollenizer cultigens were placed into two distinct groups. Pollenizers, which produced a compact or dwarf plant were ‘Companion’, ‘Sidekick’, ‘TP91’, ‘TPS92’, and ‘WC5108-1216’. Pollenizers having a standard vine length were ‘Jenny’, ‘High Set 11’, ‘Mickylee’, ‘Minipol’, ‘Pinnacle’, ‘Summer Flavor 800’ (‘SF800’), ‘Super Pollenizer 1’ (‘SP1’), and ‘WH6818’. Cultigens with compact growth habit had shorter internodes and vine lengths compared with the cultigens with standard growth habit. Cultigens with the greatest quantity of staminate flower production through the entire season were ‘Sidekick’ and ‘SP1’. The lowest number of staminate flowers was produced by ‘TP91’ and ‘TPS92’. Based on fruit quality characteristics and production, pollenizers currently or possibly marketed for consumption include ‘Mickylee’, ‘SF800’, ‘Minipol’, ‘Jenny’, and ‘Pinnacle’. The remaining cultigens evaluated in this study should be used strictly as pollenizers based on fruit quality. Arrangement of diploid pollenizers in a commercial planting of triploid watermelons is an important consideration depending on plant vegetative development. Based on staminate flower production, cultigens with higher staminate flower production are potentially superior pollenizers and may lead to improved triploid quality and production. Furthermore, pollenizer selection by fruit characteristics should include a rind pattern easily distinguished from triploid fruit in the field. DA - 2009/2// PY - 2009/2// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.44.1.59 VL - 44 IS - 1 SP - 59-63 SN - 2327-9834 KW - Citrullus lanatus KW - triploid KW - seedless KW - diploid KW - pollination ER - TY - JOUR TI - Directionality of pollinator movements in watermelon plantings AU - Walters, S. A. AU - Schultheis, J. R. T2 - HortScience DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// VL - 44 IS - 1 SP - 49-52 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Differential expression of genes in soybean in response to the causal agent of Asian soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow) is soybean growth stage-specific AU - Panthee, Dilip R. AU - Marois, James J. AU - Wright, David L. AU - Narvaez, Dario AU - Yuan, Joshua S. AU - Stewart, C. Neal, Jr. T2 - THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS DA - 2009/1// PY - 2009/1// DO - 10.1007/s00122-008-0905-1 VL - 118 IS - 2 SP - 359-370 SN - 1432-2242 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Crossability, cytogenetics, and reproductive pathways in Rudbeckia subgenus Rudbeckia AU - Palmer, I. E. AU - Ranney, T. G. AU - Lynch, N. P. AU - Bir, R. E. T2 - HortScience AB - Rudbeckia L. are valuable nursery crops that offer broad adaptability and exceptional ornamental merit. However, there is little information on interspecific and interploid crossability and ploidy levels of specific cultivars. The objectives of this study were to determine the ploidy levels and relative DNA contents (genome sizes) of selected species and cultivars, to evaluate self-compatibility and crossability among species and ploidy levels, and to explore reproductive pathways in triploid R. hirta L. with the goal of facilitating future breeding endeavors and development of new hybrids. Reciprocal interspecific crosses were performed between R. hirta cultivars and R. fulgida Ait., R. missouriensis Engelm. ex C.L. Boynton & Beadle, and R. subtomentosa Pursh. as well as reciprocal interploid crosses among four R. hirta cultivars. A combination of relative DNA content analysis and chromosome counts was used to test for hybridity and to determine ploidy levels for selected species, cultivars, and interploid R. hirta F 1 hybrids. Of the specific clones tested, R. subtomentosa and R. missouriensis were diploid, R. fuligida varieties were tetraploid, and R. hirta include both diploid and tetraploid cultivars. Mean 1Cx DNA content varied over 320% among species. The interploid R. hirta crosses produced triploids as well as pentaploids and hexaploids. Seedlings from open-pollinated triploid R. hirta appeared, based on diverse phenotypes and DNA contents, to be aneuploids resulting from sexual fertilization, not apomixis. Of the 844 seedlings from interspecific F 1 crosses, only one individual, R. subtomentosa × R. hirta , had a DNA content intermediate between its parents and was confirmed as the only interspecific hybrid. Although most taxa had low self-fertility, seedlings (with genomic sizes similar to their maternal parent) resulted after interspecific crosspollination, indicating that pseudogamy is one reproductive pathway in Rudbeckia species . DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// DO - 10.21273/HORTSCI.44.1.44 VL - 44 IS - 1 SP - 44–48 KW - apomixis KW - coneflower KW - cytology KW - DNA content KW - flow cytometry KW - relative genome size KW - plant breeding KW - polyploidy KW - pseudogamy ER - TY - JOUR TI - Absolute Protein Quantification by LC/MSE for Global Analysis of Salicylic Acid-induced Plant Protein Secretion Responses AU - Cheng, Fang-yi AU - Blackburn, Kevin AU - Lin, Yu-min AU - Goshe, Michael B. AU - Williamson, John D. T2 - JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH AB - The plant cell wall is a dynamic cellular compartment consisting of a complex matrix of components that can change dramatically in response to environmental stresses. During pathogen attack, for instance, a wide spectrum of proteins that participate in various sequential processes involved in plant defense is secreted into the cell wall. In this study, a mass spectrometry, data-independent acquisition approach known as LC/MS (E) was used to assess temporal changes in the cell wall proteome in response to different levels of an endogenous inducer of plant disease defense responses, salicylic acid (SA). LC/MS (E) was used as a label-free method that enabled simultaneous protein identification and absolute femtomole quantification of each protein secreted into the extracellular matrix. A total of 74 secreted proteins were identified, 63 of which showed increased specific secretion in response to SA. A majority of this induced secretion occurred within 2 h of treatment, indicating that many proteins are involved in the early stages of plant defenses. We also identified a number of apparently nonclassically secreted proteins, suggesting that, as in many nonplant systems, Golgi/ER-independent mechanisms exist for plant protein secretion. These results provide new insight into plant apoplastic defense mechanisms and demonstrate that LC/MS (E) is a powerful tool for obtaining both relative and absolute proteome-scale quantification that can be applied to complex, time- and dose-dependent experimental designs. DA - 2009/1// PY - 2009/1// DO - 10.1021/pr800649s VL - 8 IS - 1 SP - 82-93 SN - 1535-3907 KW - Arabidopsis KW - secretome KW - liquid chromatography KW - mass spectrometry KW - MSE KW - data-independent acquisition KW - salicylic acid KW - pathogen KW - nonclassical protein secretion ER - TY - JOUR TI - 'Nantahala' red raspberry AU - Fernandez, G. E. AU - Ballington, J. R. AU - Bryson, S. J. T2 - HortScience DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// VL - 44 IS - 1 SP - 25-26 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Absorption, Translocation, and Metabolism of C-14-Glufosinate in Glufosinate-Resistant Corn, Goosegrass (Eleusine indica), Large Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), and Sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) AU - Everman, Wesley J. AU - Mayhew, Cassandra R. AU - Burton, James D. AU - York, Alan C. AU - Wilcut, John W. T2 - WEED SCIENCE AB - Greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate 14 C-glufosinate absorption, translocation, and metabolism in glufosinate-resistant corn, goosegrass, large crabgrass, and sicklepod. Glufosinate-resistant corn plants were treated at the four-leaf stage, whereas goosegrass, large crabgrass, and sicklepod were treated at 5, 7.5, and 10 cm, respectively. All plants were harvested at 1, 6, 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment (HAT). Absorption was less than 20% at all harvest intervals for glufosinate-resistant corn, whereas absorption in goosegrass and large crabgrass increased from approximately 20% 1 HAT to 50 and 76%, respectively, 72 HAT. Absorption of 14 C-glufosinate was greater than 90% 24 HAT in sicklepod. Significant levels of translocation were observed in glufosinate-resistant corn, with 14 C-glufosinate translocated to the region above the treated leaf and the roots up to 41 and 27%, respectively. No significant translocation was detected in any of the weed species at any harvest timing. Metabolites of 14 C-glufosinate were detected in glufosinate-resistant corn and all weed species. Seventy percent of 14 C was attributed to glufosinate metabolites 72 HAT in large crabgrass. Less metabolism was observed for sicklepod, goosegrass, and glufosinate-resistant corn, with metabolites composing less than 45% of detectable radioactivity 72 HAT. DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// DO - 10.1614/WS-08-089.1 VL - 57 IS - 1 SP - 1-5 SN - 1550-2759 KW - Absorption KW - corn KW - glufosinate KW - metabolism KW - translocation ER -