TY - JOUR TI - New microsatellite loci for water yam (Dioscorea alata, Dioscoreaceae) and cross-amplification for other Dioscorea species AU - Siqueira, M.V.B.M. AU - Marconi, T.G. AU - Bonatelli, M.L. AU - Zucchi, M.I. AU - Veasey, E.A. T2 - American Journal of Botany AB - • Premise of the study: Dioscorea alata L. is one of the most widely distributed species of the genus in the humid and semihumid tropics and is associated with traditional agriculture. Only a few microsatellite markers have been developed so far for this and other Dioscorea species. • Methods and Results: We isolated 14 codominant polymorphic microsatellite markers using a microsatellite‐enriched genomic library technique. Ten microsatellite loci were selected, and 80 D. alata accessions from different regions in Brazil were evaluated with nine polymorphic loci. The polymorphism information content (PIC) varied from 0.39 to 0.78 and the power discrimination (PD) ranged from 0.15 to 0.91. Six of the markers showed transferability for the species D. bulbifera, D. cayenensis‐D. rotundata, and D. trifida . • Conclusions: The SSR markers obtained are an important tool for further studies aiming to characterize the genetic diversity in D. alata and other Dioscorea spp. accessions. DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// DO - 10.3732/ajb.1000513 VL - 98 IS - 6 SP - e144-e146 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84858407459&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Functional markers for gene mapping and genetic diversity studies in sugarcane AU - Marconi, T. AU - Costa, E. AU - Miranda, H. AU - Mancini, M. AU - Cardoso-Silva, C. AU - Oliveira, K. AU - Pinto, L. AU - Mollinari, M. AU - Garcia, A. AU - Souza, A. T2 - BMC research notes DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// VL - 4 IS - 1 SP - 264 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Gardens of Learning: Demonstration Gardens as Teaching Tools in Extension Horticulture Programs AU - Bradley, L.K. AU - Glen, C.D. AU - Moore, G.E. AU - Jayaratne, K.S.U. T2 - HortScience DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// VL - 49 IS - 9 SP - S380 M3 - Abstract ER - TY - JOUR TI - Benefits, Challenges and Opportunities for Improving the Effectiveness of Demonstration Gardens as Educational Tools for Cooperative Extension AU - Glen, C.D. AU - Moore, G.E. AU - Jayaratne, K.S.U. AU - Bradley, L.K. T2 - HortScience DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// VL - 49 IS - 9 SP - S153 M3 - Abstract ER - TY - CONF TI - Extension MasterGardener volunteers: the key to physical and financial management of demonstration gardens AU - Glen, C.D. AU - Moore, G.E. AU - Jayaratne, K.S.U. AU - Bradley, L.K. T2 - 3rd International Conference on Landscape and Urban Horticulture, International Society Horticultural Science C2 - 2011/// C3 - 3rd International Conference on Landscape and Urban Horticulture CY - Nanjing, China DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// SP - 84 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Connecting Children with Nature through Pattern Language Design of Attractive Residential Garden Spaces for Active, Constructive and Symbolic Play AU - Keys, E.B. AU - Lindsey, P. AU - Bradley, L.K. AU - Werner, D. AU - Driscoll, E.A. T2 - HortScience DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// VL - 46 IS - 9 SP - S177 M3 - Abstract ER - TY - CONF TI - Residential children's landscapes: connecting with nature in the backyard AU - Keys, E.B. AU - Lindsey, P. AU - Bradley, L.K. AU - Werner, D. AU - Driscoll, E.A. T2 - 3rd International Conference on Landscape and Urban Horticulture C2 - 2011/// C3 - 3rd International Conference on Landscape and Urban Horticulture CY - Nanjing, China DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// SP - 89 PB - International Society Horticultural Science ER - TY - JOUR TI - Teamwork and Technology Deliver IPM Strategies and Resources to Homeowners by Empowering Master Gardener Volunteers AU - Bauske, E. AU - Bradley, L.K. AU - Smith, K. T2 - HortScience DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// VL - 46 IS - 9 SP - S161 M3 - Abstract ER - TY - CONF TI - Magnitude of genotype x environment interactions affecting tomato fruit morphology AU - Cao, C. AU - Debenport, S.J. AU - Rodriguez, G.R. AU - Labate, J.A. AU - Panthee, D.R. AU - Francis, D.M. AU - Van der Knaap, E.K.M. AU - McSpadden-Gardener, B.B. T2 - Plant Biology and Botany Annual Meeting C2 - 2011/// C3 - Plant Biology and Botany Annual Meeting CY - Minneapolis, MN DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/8/6/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genotype, media and temperature influence regeneration of tomato cultivars from anthers AU - Joshi, B.K. AU - Touchell, D.H. AU - Panthee, D.R. AU - Ranney, T.G. T2 - Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Animal DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// VL - 47 SP - S65 M3 - Abstract ER - TY - JOUR TI - Lycopene content profiling in tomato lines derived from diverse genetic background by colorimetry and infra-red absorbance methods AU - Panthee, D.R. AU - Perkins-Veazie, P. AU - Randall, D. AU - Brown, A.F. AU - Ducharme, D. AU - Gunter, C.C. T2 - Hortscience DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// VL - 46 IS - 9 SP - S183-S194 M3 - Abstract ER - TY - CONF TI - Identification of useful source of bacterial wilt resistance in tomato AU - Panthee, D.R. T2 - 26th Annual Tomato Disease Workshop C2 - 2011/10/11/ C3 - 26th Annual Tomato Disease Workshop CY - Ithaca, NY DA - 2011/10/11/ PY - 2011/10/11/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Phenotypic and molecular variation in 44 vintage tomato varieties AU - Labate, J.A. AU - Panthee, D.R. AU - McGrath, M.T. AU - Francis, D.M. AU - Breksa, A. AU - Robertson, L.D. T2 - 43rd Tomato Breeders’ Round Table Meeting C2 - 2011/10/9/ C3 - 43rd Tomato Breeders’ Round Table Meeting CY - Ithaca, NY DA - 2011/10/9/ PY - 2011/10/9/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Breeding tomato for pigments AU - Panthee, D.R. AU - Perkins-Veazie, P. T2 - 43rd Tomato Breeders’ Round Table Meeting C2 - 2011/10/9/ C3 - 43rd Tomato Breeders’ Round Table Meeting CY - Ithaca, NY DA - 2011/10/9/ PY - 2011/10/9/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - Global Climate Change, Sustainability, and Agriculture AU - Seth Carley, D. DA - 2011/4// PY - 2011/4// ER - TY - SOUND TI - Carbon Sequestration in Turfgrass Systems AU - Seth Carley, D. DA - 2011/8// PY - 2011/8// ER - TY - SOUND TI - Sustainability and Agriculture: A Global Perspective AU - Seth Carley, D. DA - 2011/6// PY - 2011/6// ER - TY - SOUND TI - Microbes and Stormwater 101: An Introduction to Pathogens and Indicator Bacteria in Urban Stormwater Runoff AU - Hathaway, J. AU - Simmons, O.D., III AU - Hunt, W.F., III DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// ER - TY - SOUND TI - Water Testing Updates for Tier 2 Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) Training AU - Simmons, O.D., III DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// ER - TY - SOUND TI - Water Management for Safe Strawberries AU - Simmons, O.D., III AU - Gunter, C.G. DA - 2011/11/6/ PY - 2011/11/6/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - In-Service Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) Training AU - Ducharme, D. AU - Simmons, O.D., III AU - Turner, L. DA - 2011/12// PY - 2011/12// ER - TY - CONF TI - Concentration of bioaerosols in the vicinity of a commercial egg production farm in Southeast U.S AU - Hu, D. AU - Wang-Li, L. AU - Simmons, O.D., III AU - Osborne, J.A. AU - Classen, J.J. T2 - American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Annual Meeting C2 - 2011/8/7/ CY - Louisville, KY DA - 2011/8/7/ PY - 2011/8/7/ ER - TY - CHAP TI - Morphologische Wurzelsystemparameter bei Unterlagsreben der Sorte 5C (Vitis riparia x Vitis berlandieri) unter Berücksichtigung der Reblauspopulation (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch) und der Bodentemperatur AU - Hoffmann, M. AU - Huber, L. AU - Ruehl, E.H. AU - Eisenbeis, G. T2 - Mitteilungen Agrarwissenschaften A2 - Merbach, W. A2 - Ruppel, S. A2 - Augustin, J. PY - 2011/// VL - 18 SP - 43–51 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Vermicomposting for businesses and institutions AU - Sherman, R. T2 - Vermiculture Technology: Earthworms, Organic Waste, and Environmental Management A2 - Edwards, C.A. A2 - Aracon, N.Q. A2 - Sherman, R.L. PY - 2011/// SP - 369–390 PB - CRC Press SN - 9781439809877 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Vermiculture Technology: Earthworms, Organic Waste, and Environmental Management A3 - Edwards, C. A3 - Arancon, N. A3 - Sherman, R. DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// PB - CRC Press SN - 9781439809877 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A scanner based approach to assess grape root infesting parasites in field. AU - Hoffmann, M. AU - Ruehl, E.H. AU - Huber, L. AU - Eisenbeis, G. AU - Kirchmair, M. T2 - Acta Horticulturae DA - 2011/8// PY - 2011/8// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2011.904.14 VL - 904 SP - 101–109 SN - 0567-7572 2406-6168 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2011.904.14 KW - woody root system KW - small insect parasites KW - aphids KW - grape phylloxera KW - grape rootstocks KW - Vitis berlandieri x Vitis riparia KW - Win Rhizo ER - TY - SOUND TI - In-Service Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) Training AU - Ducharne, D. AU - Simmons, O.D., III DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Enhancing the transition to kindergarten: A randomized trial to test the efficacy of the “Stars” summer kindergarten orientation program AU - Berlin, Lisa J. AU - Dunning, Rebecca D. AU - Dodge, Kenneth A. T2 - Early Childhood Research Quarterly AB - This randomized trial tested the efficacy of an intensive, four-week summer program designed to enhance low-income children's transition to kindergarten (n's = 60 program children, 40 controls). Administered in four public schools, the program focused on social competence, pre-literacy and pre-numeracy skills, school routines, and parental involvement. Hierarchical linear modeling indicated that the program significantly improved teachers' ratings of (a) the transition to the social aspect of kindergarten for girls (but not boys); and (b) the transition to kindergarten routines for the subgroup of children who had the same teacher for kindergarten as for the summer program. Findings are discussed in terms of practices and policies for supporting children's transition to school. DA - 2011/4// PY - 2011/4// DO - 10.1016/j.ecresq.2010.07.004 VL - 26 IS - 2 SP - 247-254 J2 - Early Childhood Research Quarterly LA - en OP - SN - 0885-2006 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2010.07.004 DB - Crossref KW - Kindergarten transition KW - Preschool education KW - Sex differences ER - TY - JOUR TI - Service-Learning: Multidisciplinary Approach to Teaching College Students about Community Food Security AU - Chika, Satoko AU - Ash, Sarah AU - Grossman, Julie AU - Bradley, Lucy AU - Goodell, L. Suzanne T2 - Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior AB - With a multidisciplinary approach, this course exposed students to issues in community food security (CFS), focusing on how all community residents obtain safe, culturally acceptable, and nutritional diets through sustainable practices. DA - 2011/7// PY - 2011/7// DO - 10.1016/j.jneb.2011.03.061 VL - 43 IS - 4 SP - S18-S19 J2 - Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior LA - en OP - SN - 1499-4046 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2011.03.061 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Disease resistance gene transcription in transgenic potato is unaltered by temperature extremes and plant physiological age AU - Iorizzo, Massimo AU - Mollov, Dimitre S. AU - Carputo, Domenico AU - Bradeen, James M. T2 - European Journal of Plant Pathology DA - 2011/3/5/ PY - 2011/3/5/ DO - 10.1007/S10658-011-9765-7 VL - 130 IS - 4 SP - 469-476 J2 - Eur J Plant Pathol LA - en OP - SN - 0929-1873 1573-8469 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/S10658-011-9765-7 DB - Crossref KW - Plant age KW - RB KW - R gene KW - Real time PCR KW - Transcript level ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mango modulates body fat and plasma glucose and lipids in mice fed a high-fat diet AU - Lucas, Edralin A. AU - Li, Wenjia AU - Peterson, Sandra K. AU - Brown, Angela AU - Kuvibidila, Solo AU - Perkins-Veazie, Penny AU - Clarke, Stephen L. AU - Smith, Brenda J. T2 - British Journal of Nutrition AB - Consumption of fruits and vegetables has been investigated for their role in the prevention of many chronic conditions. Among the fruits, mango provides numerous bioactive compounds such as carotenoids, vitamin C and phenolic compounds, which have been shown to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study examined the effects of dietary supplementation of freeze-dried mango pulp, in comparison with the hypolipidaemic drug, fenofibrate, and the hypoglycaemic drug, rosiglitazone, in reducing adiposity and alterations in glucose metabolism and lipid profile in mice fed a high-fat (HF) diet. Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into six treatment groups (eight to nine/group): control (10 % energy from fat); HF (60 % energy from fat); HF+1 or 10 % freeze-dried mango (w/w); HF+fenofibrate (500 mg/kg diet); HF+rosiglitazone (50 mg/kg diet). After 8 weeks of treatment, mice receiving the HF diet had a higher percentage body fat ( P = 0·0205) and epididymal fat mass ( P = 0·0037) compared with the other treatment groups. Both doses of freeze-dried mango, similar to fenofibrate and rosiglitazone, prevented the increase in epididymal fat mass and the percentage of body fat. Freeze-dried mango supplementation at the 1 % dose improved glucose tolerance as shown by approximately 35 % lower blood glucose area under the curve compared with the HF group. Moreover, freeze-dried mango lowered insulin resistance, as indicated by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, to a similar extent as rosiglitazone and modulated NEFA. The present findings demonstrate that incorporation of freeze-dried mango in the diet of mice improved glucose tolerance and lipid profile and reduced adiposity associated with a HF diet. DA - 2011/6/28/ PY - 2011/6/28/ DO - 10.1017/S0007114511002066 VL - 106 IS - 10 SP - 1495-1505 J2 - Br J Nutr LA - en OP - SN - 0007-1145 1475-2662 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114511002066 DB - Crossref KW - Mango KW - Glucose KW - Diabetes KW - Cholesterol KW - High-fat diet ER - TY - CHAP TI - Hymenopteran Parasitoids and Their Role in Biological Control of Vegetable Liriomyza Leafminers T2 - Recent Advances in Entomological Research PY - 2011/// DO - 10.1007/978-3-642-17815-3_22 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17815-3_22 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genetic diversity in Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) as revealed by phenotypic descriptors and DArT marker analysis AU - Olukolu, Bode A. AU - Mayes, Sean AU - Stadler, Florian AU - Quat Ng, N. AU - Fawole, Iyiwole AU - Dominique, Dumet AU - Azam-Ali, Sayed N. AU - Abbott, Albert G. AU - Kole, Chittaranjan T2 - Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution DA - 2011/3/24/ PY - 2011/3/24/ DO - 10.1007/S10722-011-9686-5 VL - 59 IS - 3 SP - 347-358 J2 - Genet Resour Crop Evol LA - en OP - SN - 0925-9864 1573-5109 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/S10722-011-9686-5 DB - Crossref KW - Germplasm KW - Phylogeny KW - Population structure KW - Vigna subterranea ER - TY - JOUR TI - A mixed model QTL analysis for sugarcane multiple-harvest-location trial data AU - Pastina, M. M. AU - Malosetti, M. AU - Gazaffi, R. AU - Mollinari, M. AU - Margarido, G. R. A. AU - Oliveira, K. M. AU - Pinto, L. R. AU - Souza, A. P. AU - van Eeuwijk, F. A. AU - Garcia, A. A. F. T2 - Theoretical and Applied Genetics AB - Sugarcane-breeding programs take at least 12 years to develop new commercial cultivars. Molecular markers offer a possibility to study the genetic architecture of quantitative traits in sugarcane, and they may be used in marker-assisted selection to speed up artificial selection. Although the performance of sugarcane progenies in breeding programs are commonly evaluated across a range of locations and harvest years, many of the QTL detection methods ignore two- and three-way interactions between QTL, harvest, and location. In this work, a strategy for QTL detection in multi-harvest-location trial data, based on interval mapping and mixed models, is proposed and applied to map QTL effects on a segregating progeny from a biparental cross of pre-commercial Brazilian cultivars, evaluated at two locations and three consecutive harvest years for cane yield (tonnes per hectare), sugar yield (tonnes per hectare), fiber percent, and sucrose content. In the mixed model, we have included appropriate (co)variance structures for modeling heterogeneity and correlation of genetic effects and non-genetic residual effects. Forty-six QTLs were found: 13 QTLs for cane yield, 14 for sugar yield, 11 for fiber percent, and 8 for sucrose content. In addition, QTL by harvest, QTL by location, and QTL by harvest by location interaction effects were significant for all evaluated traits (30 QTLs showed some interaction, and 16 none). Our results contribute to a better understanding of the genetic architecture of complex traits related to biomass production and sucrose content in sugarcane. DA - 2011/12/13/ PY - 2011/12/13/ DO - 10.1007/s00122-011-1748-8 VL - 124 IS - 5 SP - 835-849 J2 - Theor Appl Genet LA - en OP - SN - 0040-5752 1432-2242 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00122-011-1748-8 DB - Crossref KW - Polyploids KW - Outcrossing species KW - Integrated linkage map KW - QTL x E ER - TY - JOUR TI - Functional markers for gene mapping and genetic diversity studies in sugarcane AU - Marconi, Thiago G AU - Costa, Estela A AU - Miranda, Hercília RCAN AU - Mancini, Melina C AU - Cardoso-Silva, Cláudio B AU - Oliveira, Karine M AU - Pinto, Luciana R AU - Mollinari, Marcelo AU - Garcia, Antônio AF AU - Souza, Anete P T2 - BMC Research Notes AB - The database of sugarcane expressed sequence tags (EST) offers a great opportunity for developing molecular markers that are directly associated with important agronomic traits. The development of new EST-SSR markers represents an important tool for genetic analysis. In sugarcane breeding programs, functional markers can be used to accelerate the process and select important agronomic traits, especially in the mapping of quantitative traits loci (QTL) and plant resistant pathogens or qualitative resistance loci (QRL). The aim of this work was to develop new simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in sugarcane using the sugarcane expressed sequence tag (SUCEST database).A total of 365 EST-SSR molecular markers with trinucleotide motifs were developed and evaluated in a collection of 18 genotypes of sugarcane (15 varieties and 3 species). In total, 287 of the EST-SSRs markers amplified fragments of the expected size and were polymorphic in the analyzed sugarcane varieties. The number of alleles ranged from 2-18, with an average of 6 alleles per locus, while polymorphism information content values ranged from 0.21-0.92, with an average of 0.69. The discrimination power was high for the majority of the EST-SSRs, with an average value of 0.80. Among the markers characterized in this study some have particular interest, those that are related to bacterial defense responses, generation of precursor metabolites and energy and those involved in carbohydrate metabolic process.These EST-SSR markers presented in this work can be efficiently used for genetic mapping studies of segregating sugarcane populations. The high Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) and Discriminant Power (DP) presented facilitate the QTL identification and marker-assisted selection due the association with functional regions of the genome became an important tool for the sugarcane breeding program. DA - 2011/7/28/ PY - 2011/7/28/ DO - 10.1186/1756-0500-4-264 VL - 4 IS - 1 J2 - BMC Res Notes LA - en OP - SN - 1756-0500 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-4-264 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Inhibition of H1N1 influenza A virus growth and induction of inflammatory mediators by the isoquinoline alkaloid berberine and extracts of goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) AU - Cecil, Chad E. AU - Davis, Jeanine M. AU - Cech, Nadja B. AU - Laster, Scott M. T2 - International Immunopharmacology AB - In this study we tested whether the isoquinoline alkaloid berberine can inhibit the growth of influenza A. Our experiments showed strong inhibition of the growth of H1N1 influenza A strains PR/8/34 or WS/33 in RAW 264.7 macrophage-like cells, A549 human lung epithelial-derived cells and murine bone marrow derived macrophages, but not MDCK canine kidney cells. Studies of the mechanism underlying this effect suggest that berberine acts post-translationally to inhibit virus protein trafficking/maturation which in turn inhibits virus growth. Berberine was also evaluated for its ability to inhibit production of TNF-α and PGE(2) from A/PR/8/34 infected-RAW 264.7 cells. Our studies revealed strong inhibition of production of both mediators and suggest that this effect is distinct from the anti-viral effect. Finally, we asked whether berberine-containing ethanol extracts of goldenseal also inhibit the growth of influenza A and production of inflammatory mediators. We found strong effectiveness at high concentrations, although upon dilution extracts were somewhat less effective than purified berberine. Taken together, our results suggest that berberine may indeed be useful for the treatment of infections with influenza A. DA - 2011/11// PY - 2011/11// DO - 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.06.002 VL - 11 IS - 11 SP - 1706-1714 J2 - International Immunopharmacology LA - en OP - SN - 1567-5769 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2011.06.002 DB - Crossref KW - Goldenseal KW - Berberine KW - Cytokines KW - Lipid mediators KW - H1N1 influenza A KW - Anti-viral ER - TY - JOUR TI - Engaging communities through distance education AU - Meyer, E.M. AU - Kraus, H.T. T2 - NACTA Journal DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// VL - 55 IS - S1 SP - 84 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Control of zantedeschia aethiopica growth with flurprimidol pre-plant tuber soaks and substrate drenches AU - Whipker, B.E. AU - McCall, I. AU - Buhler, W. T2 - Acta Horticulturae DA - 2011/1// PY - 2011/1// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2011.886.55 VL - 886 SP - 397-400 SN - 0567-7572 2406-6168 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2011.886.55 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Flurprimidol pre-plant tuber soaks for dahlia growth control AU - Whipker, B.E. AU - McCall, I. AU - Buhler, W. AU - Krug, B. T2 - Acta Horticulturae DA - 2011/1// PY - 2011/1// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2011.886.54 VL - 886 SP - 393-396 SN - 0567-7572 2406-6168 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2011.886.54 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Flurprimidol pre-plant soaks and substrate drenches control excessive growth of forced bulbs AU - Whipker, B.E. AU - McCall, I. AU - Buhler, W. AU - Krug, B. T2 - Acta Horticulturae DA - 2011/1// PY - 2011/1// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2011.886.53 VL - 886 SP - 385-391 SN - 0567-7572 2406-6168 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2011.886.53 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Flurprimidol pre-plant bulb soaks control growth of potted Liliums AU - Whipker, B.E. AU - McCall, I. AU - Barnes, J. AU - Buhler, W. AU - Krug, B. AU - Currey, C. AU - Lopez, R. T2 - Acta Horticulturae DA - 2011/7// PY - 2011/7// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2011.900.8 VL - 900 SP - 79-87 SN - 0567-7572 2406-6168 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2011.900.8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genetic analysis and mapping of gl-2 gene in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) AU - Yang, ShuangJuan AU - Miao, Han AU - Zhang, ShengPing AU - Cheng, ZhouChao AU - Zhou, Jian AU - Dong, ShaoYun AU - Wehner, T.C. AU - Gu, XingFang T2 - Acta Horticulturae Sinica DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// VL - 38 SP - 1685–1692 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Soil Organic Matter Accumulation in Creeping Bentgrass Greens: A Chronosequence with Implications for Management and Carbon Sequestration AU - Carley, Danesha Seth AU - Goodman, David AU - Sermons, Shannon AU - Shi, Wei AU - Bowman, Dan AU - Miller, Grady AU - Rufty, Thomas T2 - Agronomy Journal AB - Excessive organic matter (OM) accumulation in creeping bentgrass ( Agrostis palustris Huds.) putting greens, and its restriction of permeability, is one of the most difficult problems in turfgrass management. In this transition zone study, we characterized temporal and spatial aspects of OM accumulation, in an attempt to assess the effectiveness of management and to begin to uncover the processes controlling C sequestration. Root zone samples were collected from sand‐based putting greens at 49 golf courses of various ages, generating 212 individual observations. Organic matter accumulated hyperbolically over time in the top 2.5 cm; apparent critical levels of 40 g kg −1 were exceeded within 5 yr. At a depth of 2.5 to 7.6 cm, accumulation was much slower and linear over time, and critical levels were not reached even after 20 yr. Oxygen levels were never depressed more than 15%, indicating that intensive management of the upper soil profile was successfully allowing gas exchange into the root zone. Carbon accumulated in the soil profile hyperbolically, reflecting changes in the large OM pool near the soil surface. The sequestration rate of 59 g m −2 yr −1 over 25 yr was less than that observed by others examining soil under bentgrass greens in different environments. The evidence indicates that OM and C accumulation are strongly influenced by increasing microbial degradation rates as turfgrass systems age. DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// DO - 10.2134/agronj2010.0335 VL - 103 IS - 3 SP - 604 LA - en OP - SN - 1435-0645 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj2010.0335 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of selected insecticides on adults of two parasitoid species of Liriomyza trifolii: Ganaspidium nigrimanus (Figitidae) and Neochrysocharis formosa (Eulophidae) AU - Hernández, Ricardo AU - Guo, Kun AU - Harris, Marvin AU - Liu, Tong-Xian T2 - Insect Science AB - Abstract Liriomyza trifolii is an important pest of vegetables and ornamental crops around the world. This pest is attacked by many parasitoid species. The principal management tactic used against L. trifolii is insecticide application. Insecticides vary in their effects on parasitoid species and insecticides that have less harmful effects should be preferred for the control of this pest. In this study, novaluron, abamectin, λ‐cyhalothrin and spinetoram were investigated for their lethal effects on adults of Neochrysocharis formosa and Ganaspidium nigrimanus , two important parasitoids of L. trifolii . Three different bioassays were used on adult parasitoids: direct insecticide application, insecticide intake and insecticide residue. Adult parasitoid response to novaluron exhibited the least lethal effects among the bioassays and insecticides tested. Abamectin had significant mortality to both parasitoid species in the direct application and insecticide intake bioassays and mortality were high for G. nigrimanus in the residue bioassay. Spinetoram was the most harmful insecticide to the adult parasitoids in all three bioassays. λ‐cyhalothrin effects varied between the two parasitoids. In the direct application, it was harmful to G. nigrimanus and had no effect on N. formosa . In the insecticide intake bioassay λ‐cyhalothrin had no effect in survival of either species, and in the residue bioassay it reduced parasitoid survival of both species. Potential tolerance of N. formosa to λ‐cyhalothrin is discussed. DA - 2011/3/6/ PY - 2011/3/6/ DO - 10.1111/j.1744-7917.2010.01391.x VL - 18 IS - 5 SP - 512-520 LA - en OP - SN - 1672-9609 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7917.2010.01391.x DB - Crossref KW - biological control KW - insecticides KW - leafminers KW - parasitoids ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impact of Insecticides on Parasitoids of the Leafminer,Liriomyza trifolii,in Pepper in South Texas AU - Hernández, Ricardo AU - Harris, Marvin AU - Liu, Tong-Xian T2 - Journal of Insect Science AB - Liriomyza leafminers (Diptera: Agromyzidae) are cosmopolitan, polyphagous pests of horticultural plants and many are resistant to insecticides. Producers in South Texas rely on insecticides as the primary management tool for leafminers, and several compounds are available. The objective of this study is to address the efficacy of these compounds for controlling Liriomyza while minimizing their effects against natural enemies. Research plots were established at Texas AgriLife research center at Weslaco, Texas in fall 2007 and spring 2008 seasons, and peppers were used as a model crop. Plots were sprayed with novaluron, abamectin, spinetoram, lambda-cyhalothrin and water as treatments according to leafminer infestation; insecticide efficacy was monitored by collecting leaves and infested foliage. Plant phenology was also monitored. Novaluron was the most effective insecticide and lambda-cyhalothrin showed resurgence in leafminer density in fall 2007 and no reduction in spring 2008. Other compounds varied in efficacy. Novaluron showed the least number of parasitoids per leafminer larva and the lowest parasitoid diversity index among treatments followed by spinetoram. Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) was the sole leafminer species on peppers, and 19 parasitoid species were found associated with this leafminer. Application of these insecticides for management of leafminers with conservation of natural enemies is discussed. DA - 2011/5// PY - 2011/5// DO - 10.1673/031.011.6101 VL - 11 IS - 61 SP - 1-14 J2 - Journal of Insect Science LA - en OP - SN - 1536-2442 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1673/031.011.6101 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) polyubiquitin gene (PvUbi1 and PvUbi2) promoters for use in plant transformation AU - Mann, David GJ AU - King, Zachary R AU - Liu, Wusheng AU - Joyce, Blake L AU - Percifield, Ryan J AU - Hawkins, Jennifer S AU - LaFayette, Peter R AU - Artelt, Barbara J AU - Burris, Jason N AU - Mazarei, Mitra AU - Bennetzen, Jeffrey L AU - Parrott, Wayne A AU - Stewart, Charles N T2 - BMC Biotechnology AB - The ubiquitin protein is present in all eukaryotic cells and promoters from ubiquitin genes are good candidates to regulate the constitutive expression of transgenes in plants. Therefore, two switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) ubiquitin genes (PvUbi1 and PvUbi2) were cloned and characterized. Reporter constructs were produced containing the isolated 5' upstream regulatory regions of the coding sequences (i.e. PvUbi1 and PvUbi2 promoters) fused to the uidA coding region (GUS) and tested for transient and stable expression in a variety of plant species and tissues. PvUbi1 consists of 607 bp containing cis-acting regulatory elements, a 5' untranslated region (UTR) containing a 93 bp non-coding exon and a 1291 bp intron, and a 918 bp open reading frame (ORF) that encodes four tandem, head -to-tail ubiquitin monomer repeats followed by a 191 bp 3' UTR. PvUbi2 consists of 692 bp containing cis-acting regulatory elements, a 5' UTR containing a 97 bp non-coding exon and a 1072 bp intron, a 1146 bp ORF that encodes five tandem ubiquitin monomer repeats and a 183 bp 3' UTR. PvUbi1 and PvUbi2 were expressed in all examined switchgrass tissues as measured by qRT-PCR. Using biolistic bombardment, PvUbi1 and PvUbi2 promoters showed strong expression in switchgrass and rice callus, equaling or surpassing the expression levels of the CaMV 35S, 2x35S, ZmUbi1, and OsAct1 promoters. GUS staining following stable transformation in rice demonstrated that the PvUbi1 and PvUbi2 promoters drove expression in all examined tissues. When stably transformed into tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), the PvUbi2+3 and PvUbi2+9 promoter fusion variants showed expression in vascular and reproductive tissues. The PvUbi1 and PvUbi2 promoters drive expression in switchgrass, rice and tobacco and are strong constitutive promoter candidates that will be useful in genetic transformation of monocots and dicots. DA - 2011/7/11/ PY - 2011/7/11/ DO - 10.1186/1472-6750-11-74 VL - 11 IS - 1 J2 - BMC Biotechnol LA - en OP - SN - 1472-6750 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6750-11-74 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CHAP TI - Classical Genetics and Traditional Breeding AU - King, Stephen R AU - Davis, Angela R AU - Wehner, Todd C T2 - Genetics, Genomics and Breeding of Cucurbits PY - 2011/11/11/ DO - 10.1201/b11436-4 SP - 61-92 OP - PB - Science Publishers SN - 9781578087662 9781439888070 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b11436-4 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - QTL Mapping for Days to Flowering under Drought Condition in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genome AU - Chakraborty, Supriyo AU - Zeng, Zhao Bang T2 - Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca AB - QTL for days to flowering in rice under drought condition were mapped using a DH population derived from a cross between a deep-rooted upland adapted japonica genotype CT9993-5-10-1-M and a lowland adapted shallow-rooted moderately drought tolerant indica genotype IR62266-42-6-2. QTL mapping was performed following three different mapping models viz. simple (SIM), composite (CIM) and multiple mapping model (MIM) using WinQTL Cartographer version 2.5.006. SIM located 12 QTL for days to flowering spread over nine chromosomes whereas CIM and MIM each located 5 QTL with a threshold LOD score of 2.5. A comparison of the QTL detected by three different models identified five QTL that were common across at least two models for days to flowering. In MIM analysis, the detected QTL (qHD-1-b) between flanking markers (RG109 – ME1014) located on chromosome 1 recorded positive effect (1.4090) but the remaining four QTL had negative effect. The QTL (qHD-3-a) detected between flanking markers (RG104 – RG409) by both MIM and SIM in the present study was also reported earlier as linked with the marker RG104. The five common QTL detected by at least two models could be considered as stable QTL for days to flowering under drought and might be of practical use in marker assisted selection. DA - 2011/5/30/ PY - 2011/5/30/ DO - 10.15835/nbha3915610 VL - 39 IS - 1 SP - 58 J2 - Not Bot Hort Agrobot Cluj OP - SN - 1842-4309 0255-965X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha3915610 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CHAP TI - The status of vermicomposting in North America: A rapidly developing technology. AU - Sherman, R. AU - Bogdanov, P. T2 - Vermiculture Technology: Earthworms, Organic Waste, and Environmental Management PY - 2011/// SP - 391–408 PB - CRC Press ER - TY - RPRT TI - Container garden planting calendar for edibles in the N.C. Piedmont AU - Richter, K. AU - Bradley, L.K. AU - Sherk, J. AU - Kistler, M. A3 - North Carolina Cooperative Extension DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// M1 - AG-748 PB - North Carolina Cooperative Extension SN - AG-748 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Extension Master Gardener Intranet: Automating Administration; Motivating Volunteers; Increasing Efficiency; and Facilitating Impact Reporting AU - Bradley, L.K. AU - Cook, J. AU - Cook, C. T2 - Journal of Extension DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// VL - 49 IS - 6 UR - http://www.joe.org/joe/2011december/tt5.php ER - TY - JOUR TI - Information Theory and Multivariate Techniques for Analyzing DNA Sequence Data: An Example from Tomato Genes AU - Joshi, Bal K. AU - Panthee, Dilip R. T2 - Nepal Journal of Biotechnology AB - DNA and amino acid sequences are alphabetic symbols having no underlying metric. Use of information theory is one of the solutions for sequence metric problems. The reflection of DNA sequence complexity in phenotype stability might be useful for crop improvement. Shannon-Weaver index (Shannon Entropy, H') and mutual information (MI) index were estimated from DNA sequences of 22 genes, consisted of two gene families of tomato, namely disease resistance and fruit quality. Main objective was use of information theory and multivariate techniques to understand diversity among genes and relate the sequence complexity with phenotypes. The normalized H' value ranged from 0.429 to 0.461. The highest diversity was observed in the gene Crtr-B (beta carotene hydroxylase). Two principal components which accounted for 36.65% variation placed these genes into four groups. Groupings of these genes by both principal component and cluster analyses showed clearly the similarity at phenotypes levels within cluster. Sequences similarity among genes was observed within a family. Diversity assessment of genes applying information theory should link to understand the sequences complexity with respect to gene stability for example stability of resistance gene.Key words: Diversity analysis; DNA sequences; principal component analysis; tomato genesNepal Journal of Biotechnology, 2011, Vol. 1, No. 1 pp.1-9 DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// DO - 10.3126/njb.v1i1.3867 VL - 1 IS - 1 SP - 1-9 SN - 2467-9313 2091-1130 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njb.v1i1.3867 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Identification of molecular markers for Sw-5 gene of tomato spotted wilt virus resistance AU - Shi, A. AU - Vierling, R. AU - Grazzini, R. AU - Chen, P. AU - Caton, H. AU - Panthee, D.R. T2 - American Journal of Biotechnology and Molecular Sciences DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// VL - 1 SP - 8–16 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Selenium Regulates Gene Expression for Glucosinolate and Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis AU - Sams, Carl E. AU - Panthee, Dilip R. AU - Charron, Craig S. AU - Kopsell, Dean A. AU - Yuan, Joshua S. T2 - Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science AB - Glucosinolates (GSs) and carotenoids are important plant secondary metabolites present in several plant species, including arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ). Although genotypic and environmental regulation of GSs and carotenoid compounds has been reported, few studies present data on their regulation at the molecular level. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore differential expression of genes associated with GSs and carotenoids in arabidopsis in response to selenium fertilization, shown previously to impact accumulations of both classes of metabolites in Brassica species. Arabidopsis was grown under 0.0 or 10.0 μM Na 2 SeO 4 in hydroponic culture. Shoot and root tissue samples were collected before anthesis to measure GSs and carotenoid compounds and conduct gene expression analysis. Gene expression was determined using arabidopsis oligonucleotide chips containing more than 31,000 genes. There were 1274 differentially expressed genes in response to selenium (Se), of which 516 genes were upregulated. Ontology analysis partitioned differentially expressed genes into 20 classes. Biosynthesis pathway analysis using AraCyc revealed that four GSs, one carotenoid, and one chlorophyll biosynthesis pathways were invoked by the differentially expressed genes. Involvement of the same gene in more than one biosynthesis pathway indicated that the same enzyme may be involved in multiple GS biosynthesis pathways. The decrease in carotenoid biosynthesis under Se treatment occurred through the downregulation of phytoene synthase at the beginning of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. These findings may be useful to modify the GS and carotenoid levels in arabidopsis and may lead to modification in agriculturally important plant species. DA - 2011/1// PY - 2011/1// DO - 10.21273/jashs.136.1.23 VL - 136 IS - 1 SP - 23-34 OP - SN - 0003-1062 2327-9788 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.136.1.23 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genetic Improvement of Fresh Market Tomatoes for Yield and Fruit Quality Over 35 Years in North Carolina: A Review AU - Panthee, Dilip R. AU - Gardner, Randy G. T2 - International Journal of Vegetable Science AB - Improving tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) for higher yield, disease resistance, and better quality is required to make the tomato industry more attractive for tomato growers. Advanced breeding lines and hybrids of fresh market tomatoes were developed and evaluated in replicated yield trials with the objective of identifying superior inbred lines and hybrids in North Carolina. Numerous breeding lines and hybrids have been released from the North Carolina State University tomato breeding program. The objective of this review was to estimate the genetic gain achieved through breeding fresh market tomatoes for fruit yield and quality traits over the period from 1975 through 2009. No review on genetic gain has been performed for a fresh market tomato breeding program. This review describes the current status of fresh market tomato breeding and provides a foundation for future studies. Analysis of the data from replicated yield trials revealed that, although there was no genetic gain for total yield, a significant genetic gain in early marketable yield at the rate of 227 kg·ha−1 per year has been made. Average genetic gain of 3.1 g fruit weight/year increased until 2009. Total yield data indicated that fruit yield improvement potential may have reached a plateau, but there is potential to improve quality traits and disease resistance. DA - 2011/7// PY - 2011/7// DO - 10.1080/19315260.2010.545867 VL - 17 IS - 3 SP - 259-273 J2 - International Journal of Vegetable Science LA - en OP - SN - 1931-5260 1931-5279 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19315260.2010.545867 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Molecular Markers for Tm-2 Alleles of Tomato Mosaic Virus Resistance in Tomato AU - Shi, Ainong AU - Vierling, Richard AU - Grazzini, Richard AU - Chen, Pengyin AU - Caton, Homer AU - Panthee, Dilip T2 - American Journal of Plant Sciences AB - Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) is one of the most infectious virus diseases in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L). The practical and effective method of controlling this disease is through genetic control by using major resistance genes. So far, three genes Tm-1, Tm-2 and Tm-22 conferring resistance to ToMV have been reported and utilized in tomato culti-var development. Marker assisted selection (MAS) has become very important and useful tool in selection of ToMV re-sistant tomato lines or hybrids. The objective of this research was to identify allele-specific PCR-based, cleaved ampli-fied polymorphic sequence (CAPS), and allele-derived single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for Tm-2 loci. Four allele-specific PCR-based markers were identified: one for Tm-2, one for Tm-22, and two for the susceptible allele tm-2. Three allele-derived CAPS markers were identified, which can identify and distinguish three alleles, tm-2, Tm-2 and Tm-22 in tomato germplasm. Three SNP markers were developed specific for Tm-2 locus. These markers will pro-vide breeders with a tool in selection of Tm-2 and Tm-22 resistance genes in tomato breeding program. DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// DO - 10.4236/ajps.2011.22020 VL - 02 IS - 02 SP - 180-189 J2 - AJPS OP - SN - 2158-2742 2158-2750 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2011.22020 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Diversity Analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh Ecotypes for Glucosinolates in Shoots and Seeds AU - Panthee, Dilip R. AU - Kopsell, Dean A. AU - Sams, Carl E. T2 - HortScience AB - Glucosinolates (GS) are important secondary plant metabolites present in several plant species, including Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Although genotypic differences among a limited number of samples from a limited geographical range have been reported, there have been few studies exploring the variation from a wider genetic base. The objective of this study was to explore the genetic variation for GS in A. thaliana collected throughout the world. We screened 58 A. thaliana ecotypes collected from the geographic area of lat. 15° N to lat. 59° N and long. 137° E to long. 123° W. Elevation in these areas ranged from sea level to over 480 m. We believe that this study has covered a large geographical region and captured most of the available genetic variation in A. thaliana for GS. There was no geographical trend in A. thaliana shoot or seed tissue for GS concentration. Total shoot GS ranged from 1.1 to 52.8 μmol·g −1 dry weight (DW), averaging 9.3 μmol·g −1 DW among all ecotypes. Total seed GS ranged from 1.6 to 41.8 μmol·g −1 DW with an average of 16.8 μmol·g −1 DW among all ecotypes. Low and high GS-accumulating A. thaliana ecotypes identified in this study may provide a basis for further genetic analysis for GS metabolism. Information provided may also prove useful for improving concentrations of nutritionally beneficial GS in vegetable Brassicas . DA - 2011/7// PY - 2011/7// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.46.7.968 VL - 46 IS - 7 SP - 968-974 OP - SN - 0018-5345 2327-9834 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.46.7.968 DB - Crossref KW - Brassica KW - germplasm ER - TY - JOUR TI - GGE Biplot Analysis of Tomato F1Hybrids Evaluated Across Years for Marketable Fruit Yield AU - Joshi, Bal K. AU - Gardner, Randy G. AU - Panthee, Dilip R. T2 - Journal of Crop Improvement AB - Genotypes are generally evaluated in multi-environments to determine their consistent performance across locations and years. Several techniques are available to conduct such valuations. We used GGE biplot technique to understand the genotypic and genotype × year interaction in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Five F1 hybrids of tomato were evaluated from 2003 to 2008 in North Carolina for total marketable fruit yield. Significant (P < 0.05) genotype × year interaction indicated the necessity of further analysis to select the genotype that had high yield and stability across years. ‘Mountain Fresh’ was the best hybrid as far as yield and stability across years were concerned, followed by ‘Crista’; ‘Mountain Glory’ was highly unstable for marketable fruit yield. We concluded that ‘Mountain Fresh’ could be considered an ideal hybrid that can also be used as control for evaluation of other F1 hybrids. Close association between field performance and GGE biplot findings indicated that GGE biplot is a useful tool to graphically visualize the high-yielding and stable genotypes across years. DA - 2011/9// PY - 2011/9// DO - 10.1080/15427528.2011.587138 VL - 25 IS - 5 SP - 488-496 J2 - Journal of Crop Improvement LA - en OP - SN - 1542-7528 1542-7536 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2011.587138 DB - Crossref KW - fruit yield KW - genotype x year interaction KW - stability ER - TY - JOUR TI - The presence of multiple introns is essential for ERECTA expression in Arabidopsis AU - Karve, R. AU - Liu, W. AU - Willet, S.G. AU - Torii, K.U. AU - Shpak, E.D. T2 - RNA AB - Gene expression in eukaryotes is often enhanced by the presence of introns. Depending on the specific gene, this enhancement can be minor or very large and occurs at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. The Arabidopsis ERECTA gene contains 27 exons encoding a receptor-like kinase that promotes cell proliferation and inhibits cell differentiation in above-ground plant organs. The expression of ERECTA very strongly depends on the presence of introns. The intronless ERECTA gene does not rescue the phenotype of erecta mutant plants and produces about 500–900 times less protein compared with the identical construct containing introns. This result is somewhat surprising as the region upstream of the ERECTA coding sequence effectively promotes the expression of extraneous genes. Here, we demonstrate that introns are essential for ERECTA mRNA accumulation and, to a lesser extent, for mRNA utilization in translation. Since mRNA produced by intronless ERECTA is degraded at the 3′ end, we speculate that introns increase mRNA accumulation through increasing its stability at least in part. No individual intron is absolutely necessary for ERECTA expression, but rather multiple introns in specific locations increase ERECTA expression in an additive manner. The ability of introns to promote ERECTA expression might be linked to the process of splicing and not to a particular intron sequence. DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// DO - 10.1261/rna.2825811 VL - 17 IS - 10 SP - 1907-1921 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-80053176443&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - gene expression KW - intron-mediated enhancement KW - splicing KW - intron KW - ERECTA ER - TY - JOUR TI - Rapid in vivo analysis of synthetic promoters for plant pathogen phytosensing T2 - BMC Biotechnology AB - We aimed to engineer transgenic plants for the purpose of early detection of plant pathogen infection, which was accomplished by employing synthetic pathogen inducible promoters fused to reporter genes for altered phenotypes in response to the pathogen infection. Toward this end, a number of synthetic promoters consisting of inducible regulatory elements fused to a red fluorescent protein (RFP) reporter were constructed for use in phytosensing.For rapid analysis, an Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression assay was evaluated, then utilized to assess the inducibility of each synthetic promoter construct in vivo. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi) leaves were infiltrated with Agrobacterium harboring the individual synthetic promoter-reporter constructs. The infiltrated tobacco leaves were re-infiltrated with biotic (bacterial pathogens) or abiotic (plant defense signal molecules salicylic acid, ethylene and methyl jasmonate) agents 24 and 48 hours after initial agroinfiltration, followed by RFP measurements at relevant time points after treatment. These analyses indicated that the synthetic promoter constructs were capable of conferring the inducibility of the RFP reporter in response to appropriate phytohormones and bacterial pathogens, accordingly.These observations demonstrate that the Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression is an efficient method for in vivo assays of promoter constructs in less than one week. Our results provide the opportunity to gain further insights into the versatility of the expression system as a potential tool for high-throughput in planta expression screening prior to generating stably transgenic plants for pathogen phytosensing. This system could also be utilized for temporary phytosensing; e.g., not requiring stably transgenic plants. DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// DO - 10.1186/1472-6750-11-108 VL - 11 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-81155127545&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Gene expression profiling of resistant and susceptible soybean lines infected with soybean cyst nematode T2 - Theoretical and Applied Genetics DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// DO - 10.1007/s00122-011-1659-8 VL - 123 IS - 7 SP - 1193-1206 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-80855123881&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sweetpotatoes AU - Truong, V. D. AU - Avula, R. Y. AU - Pecota, K. AU - Yencho, C. G. T2 - Handbook of Vegetables and Vegetable Processing AB - This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Production and Consumption Classification and Origin Postharvest Handling Practices Nutritional Composition of Sweetpotatoes Processing and Utilization References DA - 2011/3// PY - 2011/3// DO - 10.1002/9780470958346.ch36 SP - 717-737 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Utilizing cover crop mulches to reduce tillage in organic systems in the southeastern USA AU - Reberg-Horton, S. Chris AU - Grossman, Julie M. AU - Kornecki, Ted S. AU - Meijer, Alan D. AU - Price, Andrew J. AU - Place, George T. AU - Webster, Theodore M. T2 - Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems AB - Abstract Organic systems in the southeastern USA offer unique challenges and solutions to crop production due to regional soil and climate characterized by highly weathered soil types, high precipitation and the capacity to grow cover crops in the winter. Recently, the interest of producers and researchers in high-residue cover crops and conservation tillage systems has increased. Various designs of the roller–crimper to manage cover crops have been invented and demonstrated to growers in the southeastern region of the USA over the past 17 years. The impacts of high-residue cover crop mulches on the agronomic systems in the region are diverse. Legume cover crops assist with meeting N demand from cash crops though they decompose rapidly and are seldom sufficient for N demanding crops such as corn. Cereal cover crop mulches can have the opposite effect by immobilizing N and have a longer impact on soil moisture and weed dynamics. While undesirable for many crops, N immobilization is one possible mechanism for weed suppression in legume cash crops planted into cereal residues. Other cover crop weed suppression mechanisms include physical impedance, light availability, allelopathy and microclimate effects. Regardless of the cause, successful weed control by mulches is highly dependent on having substantial biomass. The southeastern region is capable of producing cover crop biomass in excess of 9000 kg ha −1 , which is sufficient for weed control in many cash crops, although supplementary weed control is sometimes necessary. Long-term data are needed to predict when farmers should add supplementary weed control. More work is also needed on how much additional N is required for the cash crops and how best to deliver that N in a high-residue environment using organic sources. DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// DO - 10.1017/s1742170511000469 VL - 27 IS - 01 SP - 41-48 KW - roller-crimper KW - organic KW - no-till ER - TY - JOUR TI - Estimation of heritability of benzoxazinoid production in rye (Secale cereale) using gas chromatographic analysis AU - Brooks, Ashley M. AU - Danehower, David A. AU - Murphy, J. Paul AU - Reberg-Horton, S. Chris AU - Burton, James D. T2 - Plant Breeding AB - With 4 tables Abstract The 2,4‐dihydroxy‐1,4‐benzoxazin‐3‐one (DIBOA) content of Secale cereale is strongly associated with allelopathy. This has led to interest in developing allelopathic cultivars with increased DIBOA to improve weed control in this important cover crop. Objectives of this study were to determine heritability estimates for DIBOA in rye and determine the utility of gas chromatography (GC) as a screening tool in a rye allelopathy breeding programme. A synthetic population of half‐sib families varying in production of DIBOA was analysed. DIBOA concentrations ranged from 0.52 to 1.15 mg/g dwt tissue (mean = 0.70 mg/g dwt). Analysis of variance indicated significant variability for DIBOA content in rye harvested at the flag leaf stage. Year × location × genotype and block (year × location) interactions were also significant. Several genotypes were consistently ‘high’ or ‘low’ DIBOA producers across all locations and years. Narrow sense heritability estimates were 0.18 ± 0.04 SE on a per plot basis and 0.57 ± 0.07 SE on an entry mean basis. GC analysis was determined to be a good system for moderate throughput screening of lines. DA - 2011/9/6/ PY - 2011/9/6/ DO - 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2011.01885.x VL - 131 IS - 1 SP - 104-109 KW - Secale cereale KW - allelopathy KW - DIBOA KW - benzoxazinoid KW - heritability ER - TY - NEWS TI - Canola and spelt T2 - Organic Grain Project Newsletter PY - 2011/// UR - http://www.organicgrains.ncsu.edu/Newsletters/December2011.htm ER - TY - NEWS TI - Canola Seeding Rate Trial Update T2 - Organic Grain Project Newsletter PY - 2011/9// UR - http://www.organicgrains.ncsu.edu/Newsletters/September2011.htm ER - TY - NEWS TI - Year 1 Results of Organic Official Variety Trials: Corn and Soybeans T2 - Organic Grain Project Newsletter PY - 2011/// UR - http://www.organicgrains.ncsu.edu/Newsletters/December2011.htm ER - TY - NEWS TI - Organic Wheat OVT Results T2 - Organic Grain Project Newsletter PY - 2011/9// UR - http://www.organicgrains.ncsu.edu/Newsletters/September2011.htm ER - TY - JOUR TI - Screening tactics for identifying competitive soybean genotypes AU - Place, G.T. AU - Reberg-Horton, S.C. AU - Carter, T.E. T2 - Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// VL - 42 SP - 2654–2665 ER - TY - JOUR TI - De novo assembly and characterization of the carrot transcriptome reveals novel genes, new markers, and genetic diversity AU - Iorizzo, Massimo AU - Senalik, Douglas A AU - Grzebelus, Dariusz AU - Bowman, Megan AU - Cavagnaro, Pablo F AU - Matvienko, Marta AU - Ashrafi, Hamid AU - Deynze, Allen Van AU - Simon, Philipp W T2 - BMC Genomics AB - Abstract Background Among next generation sequence technologies, platforms such as Illumina and SOLiD produce short reads but with higher coverage and lower cost per sequenced nucleotide than 454 or Sanger. A challenge now is to develop efficient strategies to use short-read length platforms for de novo assembly and marker development. The scope of this study was to develop a de novo assembly of carrot ESTs from multiple genotypes using the Illumina platform, and to identify polymorphisms. Results A de novo assembly of transcriptome sequence from four genetic backgrounds produced 58,751 contigs and singletons. Over 50% of these assembled sequences were annotated allowing detection of transposable elements and new carrot anthocyanin genes. Presence of multiple genetic backgrounds in our assembly allowed the identification of 114 computationally polymorphic SSRs, and 20,058 SNPs at a depth of coverage of 20× or more. Polymorphisms were predominantly between inbred lines except for the cultivated x wild RIL pool which had high intra-sample polymorphism. About 90% and 88% of tested SSR and SNP primers amplified a product, of which 70% and 46%, respectively, were of the expected size. Out of verified SSR and SNP markers 84% and 82% were polymorphic. About 25% of SNPs genotyped were polymorphic in two diverse mapping populations. Conclusions This study confirmed the potential of short read platforms for de novo EST assembly and identification of genetic polymorphisms in carrot. In addition we produced the first large-scale transcriptome of carrot, a species lacking genomic resources. DA - 2011/8/2/ PY - 2011/8/2/ DO - 10.1186/1471-2164-12-389 VL - 12 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Identification of novel quantitative trait loci for increased lycopene content and other fruit quality traits in a tomato recombinant inbred line population AU - Ashrafi, Hamid AU - Kinkade, Matthew P. AU - Merk, Heather L. AU - Foolad, Majid R. T2 - Molecular Breeding DA - 2011/10/7/ PY - 2011/10/7/ DO - 10.1007/s11032-011-9643-1 VL - 30 IS - 1 SP - 549-567 KW - Carotenoids KW - Molecular markers KW - QTL mapping KW - Recombinant inbred lines KW - Solanum lycopersicum KW - Solanum pimpinellifolium ER - TY - SOUND TI - The Genetic Map and Genome Sequencing of Lettuce AU - Deynze, Allen Van AU - Hill, Theresa AU - Prince, Jim AU - Yarnes, Shawn AU - Chunthawodtiporn, Jareerat AU - Rehrig, William AU - Reyes-Chin-wo, Sebastian AU - Ashrafi, Hamid AU - Kozik, Alexander DA - 2011/1/14/ PY - 2011/1/14/ M3 - poster N1 - Workshop 531 RN - Workshop 531 ER - TY - SOUND TI - Development and Application of Genomic Tools in Pepper AU - Deynze, Allen Van AU - Hill, Theresa AU - Prince, Jim AU - Yarnes, Shawn AU - Chunthawodtiporn, Jareerat AU - Rehrig, William AU - Reyes-Chin-wo, Sebastian AU - Ashrafi, Hamid AU - Kozik, Alexander DA - 2011/1/14/ PY - 2011/1/14/ M3 - poster N1 - Workshop 531 RN - Workshop 531 ER - TY - SOUND TI - Comparisons of high-density EST-based maps in pepper species AU - Hill, Theresa AU - Ashrafi, Hamid AU - Chin-Wo, Sebastian Reyes- AU - Romero, Marcelo Solano AU - Deynze, Allen Van AU - Kozik, Alexander DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// ER - TY - SOUND TI - An Integrated approach to breeding resistance to Phytophthora capsici In Pepper AU - Deynze, Allen Van AU - Hill, Theresa A. AU - Yarnes, Shawn AU - Rehrig, William Z. AU - Chin-Wo, Sebastian Reyes AU - Ashrafi, Hamid AU - Adamchak, Raoul AU - Kozik, Alex AU - Prince, Jim DA - 2011/1/14/ PY - 2011/1/14/ M3 - poster N1 - Poster 450 RN - Poster 450 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Enteric Microbiome Metabolites Correlate with Response to Simvastatin Treatment AU - Kaddurah-Daouk, Rima AU - Baillie, Rebecca A. AU - Zhu, Hongjie AU - Zeng, Zhao-Bang AU - Wiest, Michelle M. AU - Nguyen, Uyen Thao AU - Wojnoonski, Katie AU - Watkins, Steven M. AU - Trupp, Miles AU - Krauss, Ronald M. T2 - PLOS ONE AB - Although statins are widely prescribed medications, there remains considerable variability in therapeutic response. Genetics can explain only part of this variability. Metabolomics is a global biochemical approach that provides powerful tools for mapping pathways implicated in disease and in response to treatment. Metabolomics captures net interactions between genome, microbiome and the environment. In this study, we used a targeted GC-MS metabolomics platform to measure a panel of metabolites within cholesterol synthesis, dietary sterol absorption, and bile acid formation to determine metabolite signatures that may predict variation in statin LDL-C lowering efficacy. Measurements were performed in two subsets of the total study population in the Cholesterol and Pharmacogenetics (CAP) study: Full Range of Response (FR), and Good and Poor Responders (GPR) were 100 individuals randomly selected from across the entire range of LDL-C responses in CAP. GPR were 48 individuals, 24 each from the top and bottom 10% of the LDL-C response distribution matched for body mass index, race, and gender. We identified three secondary, bacterial-derived bile acids that contribute to predicting the magnitude of statin-induced LDL-C lowering in good responders. Bile acids and statins share transporters in the liver and intestine; we observed that increased plasma concentration of simvastatin positively correlates with higher levels of several secondary bile acids. Genetic analysis of these subjects identified associations between levels of seven bile acids and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs4149056, in the gene encoding the organic anion transporter SLCO1B1. These findings, along with recently published results that the gut microbiome plays an important role in cardiovascular disease, indicate that interactions between genome, gut microbiome and environmental influences should be considered in the study and management of cardiovascular disease. Metabolic profiles could provide valuable information about treatment outcomes and could contribute to a more personalized approach to therapy. DA - 2011/10/13/ PY - 2011/10/13/ DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0025482 VL - 6 IS - 10 SP - SN - 1932-6203 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Root Piece Planting in Sweetpotato-A Synthesis of Previous Research and Directions for the Future AU - George, Nicholas A. AU - Pecota, Kenneth V. AU - Bowen, Blake D. AU - Schultheis, Jonathan K. AU - Yencho, G. Craig T2 - HORTTECHNOLOGY AB - Sweetpotato ( Ipomoea batatas ) is traditionally grown for fresh consumption, particularly in developed nations, but it is increasingly being used for alternative markets such as processed foods and industrial products. Sweetpotato is well suited for these end uses but its utilization is limited due to high production costs. These costs are primarily the result of high labor inputs. As a vegetatively propagated crop, sweetpotato is typically planted using unrooted plant cuttings, or “slips,” which requires hand labor at several stages. Consequently, planting costs can be as high as 20% of total production costs. As an alternative to slips, sweetpotato can be established using root pieces, similar to the seed piece system used for potato ( Solanum tuberosum ). This system can be readily mechanized and therefore has the potential to reduce labor demands. Root piece planting has been investigated several times since the 1940s but is not reported to be in large-scale commercial use anywhere in the world. In this work, we review the research literature relating to root piece planting in sweetpotato. This literature demonstrates that it is possible for sweetpotato root pieces to produce yields comparable to slips, but that in most cases yields from root pieces are usually lower than from slips. We conclude that given suitable cultural management and appropriate varieties, it may be possible to successfully produce sweetpotato using root pieces. More work is necessary to develop root piece planting as a viable alternative to slips in sweetpotato production. This work should include the selection and breeding of adapted varieties, evaluation of the economics of sweetpotato production using root pieces, development of planting equipment suited to sweetpotato root pieces, and examination of chemical treatments to improve success of root piece planting. DA - 2011/12// PY - 2011/12// DO - 10.21273/horttech.21.6.703 VL - 21 IS - 6 SP - 703-711 SN - 1063-0198 KW - alternative uses KW - processed foods KW - industrial products ER - TY - JOUR TI - Membrane protein complexes catalyze both 4-and 3-hydroxylation of cinnamic acid derivatives in monolignol biosynthesis AU - Chen, Hsi-Chuan AU - Li, Quanzi AU - Shuford, Christopher M. AU - Liu, Jie AU - Muddiman, David C. AU - Sederoff, Ronald R. AU - Chiang, Vincent L. T2 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AB - The hydroxylation of 4- and 3-ring carbons of cinnamic acid derivatives during monolignol biosynthesis are key steps that determine the structure and properties of lignin. Individual enzymes have been thought to catalyze these reactions. In stem differentiating xylem (SDX) of Populus trichocarpa, two cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylases (PtrC4H1 and PtrC4H2) and a p-coumaroyl ester 3-hydroxylase (PtrC3H3) are the enzymes involved in these reactions. Here we present evidence that these hydroxylases interact, forming heterodimeric (PtrC4H1/C4H2, PtrC4H1/C3H3, and PtrC4H2/C3H3) and heterotrimeric (PtrC4H1/C4H2/C3H3) membrane protein complexes. Enzyme kinetics using yeast recombinant proteins demonstrated that the enzymatic efficiency (V(max)/k(m)) for any of the complexes is 70-6,500 times greater than that of the individual proteins. The highest increase in efficiency was found for the PtrC4H1/C4H2/C3H3-mediated p-coumaroyl ester 3-hydroxylation. Affinity purification-quantitative mass spectrometry, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, chemical cross-linking, and reciprocal coimmunoprecipitation provide further evidence for these multiprotein complexes. The activities of the recombinant and SDX plant proteins demonstrate two protein-complex-mediated 3-hydroxylation paths in monolignol biosynthesis in P. trichocarpa SDX; one converts p-coumaric acid to caffeic acid and the other converts p-coumaroyl shikimic acid to caffeoyl shikimic acid. Cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylation is also mediated by the same protein complexes. These results provide direct evidence for functional involvement of membrane protein complexes in monolignol biosynthesis. DA - 2011/12/27/ PY - 2011/12/27/ DO - 10.1073/pnas.1116416109 VL - 108 IS - 52 SP - 21253-21258 SN - 0027-8424 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Inheritance of fruit yield in two watermelon populations in North Carolina AU - Kumar, Rakesh AU - Wehner, Todd C. T2 - EUPHYTICA DA - 2011/11// PY - 2011/11// DO - 10.1007/s10681-011-0503-1 VL - 182 IS - 2 SP - 275-283 SN - 1573-5060 KW - Citrullus lanatus KW - Narrow-sense heritability KW - Parent-offspring regression Predicted gain KW - Correlated response ER - TY - JOUR TI - Identifying Soybean Traits of Interest for Weed Competition AU - Place, George T. AU - Reberg-Horton, S. Chris AU - Dickey, David A. AU - Carter, Thomas E., Jr. T2 - CROP SCIENCE AB - ABSTRACT Organic soybean [ Glycine Max (L.) Merr.] producers rely on a variety of tactics for weed management. The use of soybean cultivars with enhanced ability to compete with weeds may increase weed control. Our objective was to identify genetic traits that may enhance soybean's competitive ability to suppress weeds. Experimental design was a split‐split plot with sets of contrasting soybean genotypes assigned to the main plots, individual genotypes assigned to subplots, and weedy and weed‐free sub‐subplots stripped across blocks for side by side comparison of treatments in weedy and weed‐free conditions. Differences in weed biomass were detected among genotypes in both years at 7 wk after emergence. Narrow‐leaflet small‐seeded natto types were generally poor competitors with weeds. Cultivars released as forage types did not have a consistent advantage over the control. Larger‐seeded tofu genotypes were also variable in weed suppressive ability. However, N04‐8906, the genotype with the greatest 100‐seed weight in this study (24 g), stood out as being among the best for weed suppression, soybean biomass accumulation, ground cover at 3 wk, and early season plant height. Optimum models from multiple regression showed seed size to be the most significant trait measured in overall genotype competitive ability in both years. However, seed size effects on ground cover largely dissipated by 5 wk after emergence. DA - 2011/11// PY - 2011/11// DO - 10.2135/cropsci2010.11.0654 VL - 51 IS - 6 SP - 2642-2654 SN - 1435-0653 ER - TY - JOUR TI - First Report of Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum fragariae on Cyclamen in North Carolina AU - Liu, B. AU - Munster, M. AU - Johnson, C. AU - Louws, F. J. T2 - Plant Disease AB - In November 2009, cyclamen (Cyclamen persicum) plants with disease symptoms from a commercial greenhouse operation in the western part of North Carolina were sent to the Plant Diseases and Insect Clinic at North Carolina State University. Symptoms consisted of coalescing reddish and tan necrotic leaf spots with concentric circles. Other symptoms included darkened vascular tissue and decay of the corm, large roots, and petioles. Diseased leaves and stems were surface sterilized in 0.5% sodium hypochlorite for 3 min, air dried, and placed in petri dishes containing alkaline water agar. After 3 days of incubation at room temperature, fungal colonies were transferred to acidified potato dextrose agar. Isolation frequency after 5 days was 33% (three of nine pieces) and 16% (one of six pieces) from small leaf spots and petioles, respectively. Pure cultures of isolates were gray and black with abundant, aerial, gray whitish mycelia. Diseased plants were also incubated in a moist chamber at room temperature and sporulation was observed within 7 days. Conidia were tapered with rounded ends and produced in the acervulus and on the tips of setae, which is consistent with the morphology of described isolates of Colletotrichum fragariae. Similar setae were also observed directly on the fine roots of the original sample. The pathogenicity of single-spore cultures was tested by spraying four 2-month-old cyclamen plants with a conidial suspension (106 conidia/ml) and the plants were kept in a humid chamber for 24 h. Noninoculated controls (four plants) were sprayed with distilled water and subjected to the same conditions. The pathogenicity test was also repeated. Inoculated plants and controls were placed in a greenhouse with a temperature range from 22 to 25°C. After 7 to 10 days, symptomatic leaves and stems were observed on all the inoculated plants but not on the control plants. Fungi reisolated from 10 symptomatic leaf tissues had identical morphological features as the original isolates. Fungal DNA was extracted with DNeasy Plant Mini DNA Extraction Kits following the manufacturer's protocol (Qiagen Inc., Valencia, CA). Sequence analysis of the rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the cyclamen isolate (GenBank Accession No. HQ188923), based on the fragment amplified with ITS1 and ITS4 primers, showed 100% similarity to isolates of C. fragariae deposited in GenBank (Accession Nos. FJ172290 [ATCC MYA-4443 from cyclamen] and FJ810510 [ATCC MYA-4442 from silver date palm]) and Florida isolate C16 isolated from strawberry (1). In addition, the morphology and ITS sequences of the cyclamen isolate were identical to those of the C. fragariae voucher isolate from strawberry (GU174546). Results from disease symptoms, colony and spore morphology, pathogenicity tests, and ITS sequence analysis suggest that C. fragariae was the pathogen responsible for the disease symptoms on cyclamens. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a disease caused by C. fragariae on cyclamen in North Carolina and complements an earlier report from Florida (1). Reference: (1) S. J. MacKenzie et al. Plant Dis. 92:1432, 2008. DA - 2011/11// PY - 2011/11// DO - 10.1094/pdis-06-11-0475 VL - 95 IS - 11 SP - 1480-1480 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fertility and Reproductive Pathways in Diploid and Triploid Miscanthus sinensis AU - Rounsaville, Todd J. AU - Touchell, Darren H. AU - Ranney, Thomas C. T2 - HORTSCIENCE AB - Miscanthus sinensis Andersson is a popular ornamental grass and has additional potential as a bioenergy crop. In some regards, the ability of M. sinensis to withstand a broad range of climatic and cultural conditions is desirable, but its propensity to rapidly colonize open and disturbed environments has allowed it to naturalize and become weedy in some regions in the United States. Considering the value of this crop, the development and documentation of infertile clones would be desirable. Triploid plants were evaluated for male and female fertility using pollen viability staining and seed set and germination, respectively. Pollen viability staining, seed set, and seed germination from triploid plants were reduced compared with diploids but varied considerably within each cytotype. Overall, relative female fertility of individual triploids clones [(% seed set × % germination for triploid)/(% seed set × % germination for diploid control)] was reduced substantially and ranged from 49% to 0.7%. Additionally, the reproductive pathways of triploid plants were examined by evaluating the 2C genome sizes of progeny derived from open pollination. The limited progeny arising from open-pollinated triploids were predominantly aneuploids with 2C genome sizes intermediate between diploids and triploids. There was no clear evidence of apomixis, selfing, or triploid × triploid fertilization events observed among triploid parents. Formation of unreduced gametes was rare for both ploidy levels (≈1%). The considerable reduction in female fertility in some triploid clones combined with the limited production of primarily aneuploid progeny provides highly infertile alternatives to existing diploid cultivars. DA - 2011/10// PY - 2011/10// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.46.10.1353 VL - 46 IS - 10 SP - 1353-1357 SN - 2327-9834 KW - aneuploidy KW - invasive KW - polyploidy KW - plant breeding KW - propagule pressure KW - reproductive biology KW - sterility KW - ornamental grasses ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of dwarfing rootstocks on low temperature tolerance of 'Golden Delicious' apple trees during Winter 2008-2009 AU - McArtney, S. AU - Obermiller, J. D. T2 - Journal American Pomological Society DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// VL - 65 IS - 4 SP - 178-184 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Development of the AG*IDEA Alliance's horticulture graduate certificates program and Inter-institutional course share AU - Paparozzi, E. T. AU - Williams, K. A. AU - Geneve, R. AU - Hatterman-Valenti, H. AU - Haynes, C. AU - Kraus, H. AU - McKenney, C. AU - Pitts, J. T2 - HortTechnology DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// VL - 21 IS - 6 SP - 688-691 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Studies on the entomopathogenicity and bacterial associates of the nematode Oscheius carolinensis AU - Torres-Barragan, Andrea AU - Suazo, Alonso AU - Buhler, Wayne G. AU - Cardoza, Yasmin J. T2 - BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AB - The entomopathogenic potential of Oscheius carolinensis (Nematoda: Rhabditidae), a recently described nematode species, was tested on various developmental stages of five insect species. The nematode penetrated, killed, and reproduced in all of the insect species tested; however, some insect developmental stages proved more susceptible to infection than others. O. carolinensis was consistently associated with four bacterial species, one of which, Serratia marcescens, appears to be carried on the cuticle of the nematodes and through its association provides the worms with entomopathogenic potential. In manual inoculation assays, S. marcescens killed fourth-instar Helicoverpa zea larvae within 24 h at concentrations as low as 330 μg/mL (3.96 × 103 CFU). Another species, Enterococcus mundtii, inflicted levels of mortality of 33.3% only after mechanical wounding (pin-pricking) of H. zea and at much higher concentrations. A third species, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, did not cause mortality even at the highest dose tested (500 mg/mL or 6 × 106 CFU), with or without wounding. The fourth species, Providencia rettgeri, predominant in ground-up surface sterilized nematodes, caused low levels of mortality (25%) when manually applied to pin-picked larvae larvae. Nematodes did not performed well on insect hosts after surface sterilization; nonetheless, it is possible that P. rettgeri in combination with S. marcescens is responsible for the facultative insect colonization ability of O. carolinensis. Based on results from this study it would appear that O. carolinensis association with its bacteria allows the nematode a dual life: style as an entomopathogen when associated with S. macescens, and to an extent with P. rettgeri, and as a free-living entity when associated with all others. Further studies of are needed to fully characterize the association between O. carolinensis and S. marcescens, to determine the exact role of the bacterial associates in the nematode’s ecology and to assess this nematode’s applicability for agricultural insect pest management. DA - 2011/11// PY - 2011/11// DO - 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2011.05.020 VL - 59 IS - 2 SP - 123-129 SN - 1090-2112 KW - Entomopathogen KW - Symbiosis KW - Serratia KW - Providencia KW - Biocontrol KW - Insect pest KW - Nematode KW - Oscheius ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nitrogen Delivery from Legume Cover Crops in No-Till Organic Corn Production AU - Parr, M. AU - Grossman, J. M. AU - Reberg-Horton, S. C. AU - Brinton, C. AU - Crozier, C. T2 - AGRONOMY JOURNAL AB - Sixteen winter annual cover crop cultivars were grown in North Carolina to determine total N accumulation, biological N fixation (BNF) potential, and compatibility with a roller‐crimper‐terminated organic corn ( Zea mays L.) production system. Cover crops and termination dates were tested in a stripped block design. Treatments included hairy vetch ( Vicia villosa Roth), common vetch ( Vicia sativa L.), crimson clover ( Trifolium incarnatum L.), Austrian winter pea ( Pisum sativum L.), berseem clover ( Trifolium alexandrinum L.), subterranean clover ( Trifolium subterraneum L.), narrow leaf lupin ( Lupinus angustifolius L.), and Balansa clover ( Trifolium michelianum Savi.), as well as bicultures of rye ( Secale cereale L.), hairy vetch, and Austrian winter pea. Roller‐crimper termination occurred in mid‐April, early May, and mid‐May. Total biomass, N concentration, and C/N ratios were determined for cover crops at all roll times and natural 15 N abundance at the optimal kill date. Hairy vetch and crimson clover monocultures had the greatest overall biomass in 2009, and bicultures the greatest biomass in 2010. Crimson clover successfully terminated in late April, hairy vetch and Austrian winter pea in mid‐May, and berseem clover and common vetch in late May. All cover crops except lupin and subterranean clover derived between 70 and 100% of their N from the atmosphere. Corn response to cover crop mulches was significantly affected by the time of rolling, with poor stands resulting from competition with insufficiently terminated mulches. Crimson, Balansa, and subterranean clover mulches resulted in poor corn yields despite relatively high levels of total N. The highest corn yields were achieved in hairy vetch and rye plus hairy vetch bicultures. DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// DO - 10.2134/agronj2011.0007 VL - 103 IS - 6 SP - 1578-1590 SN - 0002-1962 ER - TY - JOUR TI - L-Citrulline Levels in Watermelon Cultigens Tested in Two Environments AU - Davis, Angela R. AU - Webber, Charles L., III AU - Fish, Wayne W. AU - Wehner, Todd C. AU - King, Stephen AU - Perkins-Veazie, Penelope T2 - HORTSCIENCE AB - Producers of fresh fruits and vegetables face increasing production costs and international market competition. Growers who can offer high-quality watermelons [ Citrullus lanatus (Thumb.) Matsum. & Nakai] that are also highly nutritious will have better market opportunities. To accomplish that, germplasm must be identified that has enhanced phytonutrient levels. Surprisingly, there is little information on the genetics of nutritional quality in watermelon. The present study was performed on 56 watermelon cultivars, breeding lines, and PI accessions (hereafter collectively referred to as cultigens) to determine the importance of genotype and environmental effects on L-citrulline concentration in fruit, an amino acid that helps regulate blood pressure. Our results demonstrated that L-citrulline concentration was affected by environment and the amount of environmental effect varies among cultigens. The mean of fruit tested in Lane, OK, was 3.10 mg·g −1 fresh weight and in College Station, TX, it was 1.67 mg·g −1 fresh weight. All cultigens had a higher mean L-citrulline concentration when grown in Lane, OK, instead of College Station, TX. Additionally, the L-citrulline concentration varied considerably within cultigens; i.e., ‘Congo’ had a 1.26 to 7.21 mg·g −1 fresh sample deviation. The cultigen ‘AU-Jubilant’ had the most stable L-citrulline concentration (2.23 to 4.03 mg·g −1 fresh deviation) when tested from one location. Environment did not significantly increase within-genotype variation (average se of 10 cultigens tested at each location was ± 35.3% for College Station, TX, and ± 32.9% for Lane, OK). L-citrulline concentration did not correlate with watermelon type (open-pollinated or F1 hybrid) or flesh color (red, orange, salmon yellow, or white). Differences among cultigens for L-citrulline were large (1.09 to 4.52 mg·g −1 fresh sample). The cultigens with the highest L-citrulline concentration were ‘Tom Watson’, PI 306364, and ‘Jubilee’. These could be used to develop cultivars having a high concentration of L-citrulline. DA - 2011/12// PY - 2011/12// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.46.12.1572 VL - 46 IS - 12 SP - 1572-1575 SN - 2327-9834 KW - Citrullus lanatus KW - phytonutrients KW - amino acids KW - genotype by environment KW - fruit quality ER - TY - JOUR TI - How management strategies have affected Atlantic White-cedar forest recovery after massive wind damage in the Great Dismal Swamp AU - Laing, Joelle M. AU - Shear, Theodore H. AU - Blazich, Frank A. T2 - FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT AB - Abstract In September 2003 Hurricane Isabel swept through eastern North Carolina and Virginia, destroying most of what formerly ranked among the most extensive remaining stands of Atlantic White-cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides L., cedar). As Atlantic White-cedar communities are dependent on irregular, large-scale disturbances, the hurricane event can be viewed as an opportunity for perpetuating cedar populations in the Great Dismal Swamp. The success of cedar regeneration in the Dismal Swamp has been influenced by the management strategies employed by Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge (active management) and by the adjacent Dismal Swamp State Park (passive management). We investigated the regeneration success of Atlantic White-cedar 5 years following Hurricane Isabel by sampling five stands at the Dismal Swamp State Park withstanding varying impact from the storm and previous windthrow events. We compared our findings to regeneration surveys completed at the adjacent Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge. Atlantic White-cedar seedling densities were up to 100 times higher in the actively managed Wildlife Refuge compared to the passively managed State Park. We also determined the seedbank of viable cedar seeds and we described the vegetation at the State Park. The stands at the State Park are now dominated by red maple (Acer rubrum) with a dense shrubby understory. Since viable cedar seeds were still present in the seedbank (>800,000 ha−1), future seedling establishment is possible at the State Park. However, active management is essential for achieving sufficient seedling densities and survival for regenerating a mature cedar stand. DA - 2011/10/15/ PY - 2011/10/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.06.026 VL - 262 IS - 8 SP - 1337-1344 SN - 1872-7042 KW - Wetland restoration KW - Hurricane disturbance KW - Chamaecyparis thyoides KW - Great Dismal Swamp KW - Blow down KW - Salvage logging ER - TY - JOUR TI - Screening Tactics for Identifying Competitive Soybean Genotypes AU - Place, G. T. AU - Reberg-Horton, S. C. AU - Carter, T. E. AU - Brinton, S. R. AU - Smith, A. N. T2 - COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS AB - Weed control is the biggest obstacle for farmers transitioning to organic soybean production. The breeding of competitive cultivars may provide organic soybean producers with another weed-management tactic. Soybean breeders need screening protocols to identify competitive genotypes. In 2007 and 2008, we tested two screening tactics to nondestructively estimate canopy coverage during the critical period for weed competition. Overhead photography at 3 and 5 weeks after emergence and light interception measurements at 4 and 6 weeks after emergence were compared in their ability to predict soybean and weed biomass at the end of the critical period for weed competition. Photographic digital image processing techniques were compared. Overhead photography at 5 weeks after emergence was most effective at predicting weed-free soybean biomass but overhead photography at 3 weeks after emergence was best able to predict weed biomass associated with soybean genotypes at the end of the critical period for weed competition. DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// DO - 10.1080/00103624.2011.614040 VL - 42 IS - 21 SP - 2654-2665 SN - 0010-3624 KW - Crop competitiveness KW - organic crop breeding ER - TY - JOUR TI - Height control in three pepper types treated with drench-applied abscisic acid AU - Biai, C. J. AU - Garzon, J. G. AU - Osborne, J. A. AU - Schultheis, J. R. AU - Gehl, R. J. AU - Gunter, C. C. T2 - HortScience DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// VL - 46 IS - 9 SP - 1265-1269 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Design and evaluation of a discreet sampler for waste treatment lagoons AU - Classen, John AU - Rice, J. M. AU - McNeill, J. P. AU - Simmons, Otto T2 - Applied Engineering in Agriculture AB - A lagoon sampler was designed to collect 300-mL samples from depths up to 2.82 m at 15.2-cm intervals. Design parameters required the device to collect discrete samples through the entire lagoon column without cross contamination during raising or lowering of the device through the lagoon and to leave the liquid column undisturbed so subsequent samples could be taken from lower depths at the same location. An evaluation protocol was developed to test the device in a 55.9-cm diameter, 3.35-m tall PVC test column. This test column was of sufficient depth to be representative of lagoons and of sufficient diameter to avoid interference, or edge effects, associated with the sampling device. The evaluation protocol used dissolved solids (sodium chloride) as the test parameter in 30.5-cm deep layers of sodium chloride of decreasing concentrations to fill the test column from the bottom and simulated different solids concentrations that may be found in a lagoon. Samples were collected at six depths from 122 to 198 cm. Based on electrical conductivity measurements, samples collected with the device were slightly more dilute than the expected value at all sample depths. Further tests showed that operation of the device did not cause mixing of the layered salt solutions. The sampler was used to collect samples from various depths in a lagoon; results suggested there was little interference among samples taken at specific locations through subsequent depths. DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// DO - 10.13031/2013.40621 VL - 27 IS - 6 SP - 1007–1014 ER - TY - JOUR TI - 'Purple Haze', 'Miss Molly', and 'Ice Chip' Buddleja AU - Werner, Dennis J. AU - Snelling, Layne K. T2 - HORTSCIENCE DA - 2011/9// PY - 2011/9// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.46.9.1330 VL - 46 IS - 9 SP - 1330-1332 SN - 0018-5345 KW - Buddlejaceae KW - Scrophulariaceae KW - Loganiaceae KW - interspecific hybridization KW - plant architecture KW - invasiveness ER - TY - JOUR TI - 'Mountain Majesty': A tomato spotted wilt virus-resistant fresh-market hybrid tomato and Its parents NC 714 and NC 1CS AU - Panthee, D. R. AU - Gardner, R. G. T2 - HortScience DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// VL - 46 IS - 9 SP - 1321-1323 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A protocol to assess heat tolerance in a segregating population of raspberry using chlorophyll fluorescence AU - Molina-Bravo, Ramon AU - Arellano, Consuelo AU - Sosinski, Bryon R. AU - Fernandez, Gina E. T2 - SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE AB - A detached leaf protocol was developed to assess heat tolerance in raspberry (Rubus L. subgenus Idaeobatus) by measuring chlorophyll fluorescence. In order to establish the heat screen protocol for field measurements in a segregating population, several baseline experiments were performed on genotypes with known heat tolerance based on visual observations in multiple climates. ‘Mandarin’ and ‘Qualicum’ were used as heat tolerant and heat susceptible controls, respectively. We determined that: optimum collection time was in the morning before ambient temperatures reached 28 °C, critical temperature (Tc) was 45 °C, minimum duration of dark adaptation was 15 min, and optimum heat shock duration was 30 min. Parameters established in baseline experiments were subsequently used for screening a large population (196 genotypes) planted in the field, where warm conditions commonly occur (maximum temperatures ranging between 30 and 35 °C). A significant difference in chlorophyll fluorescence was found between the two controls; ‘Qualicum’, the heat sensitive cultivar, had the lowest Fv/Fm (variable fluorescence/maximum fluorescence) value, while 18.8% of the segregating population had a higher Fv/Fm value than ‘Mandarin’, the heat tolerant cultivar. We have identified 106 individuals with an Fv/Fm above 0.600 (representing 52% of the population), and 7 individuals above 0.680 (4% of the population). The distribution of heat tolerance within the population was essentially normal, and thus quantitative trait analysis is a plausible approach for studying heat tolerance. This protocol has potential application to other Rosaceae species, and is not dependent on visual assessment. DA - 2011/9/30/ PY - 2011/9/30/ DO - 10.1016/j.scienta.2011.07.022 VL - 130 IS - 3 SP - 524-530 SN - 1879-1018 KW - Breeding KW - Rubus idaeus KW - Rubus parvifolius KW - Critical temperature KW - Dark adaptation test KW - Heat shock KW - Heat screen ER - TY - JOUR TI - Transforming U.S. Agriculture AU - Reganold, J. P. AU - Jackson-Smith, D. AU - Batie, S. S. AU - Harwood, R. R. AU - Kornegay, J. L. AU - Bucks, D. AU - Flora, C. B. AU - Hanson, J. C. AU - Jury, W. A. AU - Meyer, D. AU - Schumacher, A., Jr. AU - Sehmsdorf, H. AU - Shennan, C. AU - Thrupp, L. A. AU - Willis, P. T2 - SCIENCE AB - Achieving sustainable agricultural systems will require transformative changes in markets, policies, and science. DA - 2011/5/6/ PY - 2011/5/6/ DO - 10.1126/science.1202462 VL - 332 IS - 6030 SP - 670-671 SN - 1095-9203 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Registration of 'N7003CN' Maturity-Group-VII Soybean with High Yield and Resistance to Race 2 (HG Type 1.2.5.7-) Soybean Cyst Nematode AU - Carter, T. E., Jr. AU - Koenning, S. R. AU - Burton, J. W. AU - Rzewnicki, P. E. AU - Villagarcia, M. R. AU - Bowman, D. T. AU - Arelli, P. R. T2 - JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS AB - ‘N7003CN’ soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (Reg. No. CV‐502, PI 661157) was developed and released by the USDA‐ARS in 2010. It is a high‐yielding, maturity‐group (MG) VII, nontransgenic soybean cultivar adapted to the southeastern USA (30–37° N latitude). N7003CN is the first publicly released MG‐VII soybean that is resistant to race 2 (HG type 1.2.5.7) of the soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines Ichinohe). Race 2 is the dominant type of SCN in North Carolina. N7003CN is also resistant to races 1 and 14 (HG types 2.3‐ and 1.3.5.6.7, respectively), is moderately resistant to races 4 and 5 (HG types 1.2.3.5.6‐ and 2.5.7‐, respectively), and appears to have partial resistance to race 3 (HG type 5.7). Molecular analysis of N7003CN identified SSR markers associated with SCN resistance genes rhg1 , Rhg4 , and Rhg5 . During 2005–2009 in USDA Uniform Soybean Tests, N7003CN yielded 11 and 2% more than the SCN‐susceptible control cultivars ‘Haskell RR’ and ‘N7002’, respectively (46 environments). During 2005–2009 in the North Carolina State University Official Variety Trials (OVT), the yield of N7003CN was equivalent to that of the SCN‐susceptible control cultivar, ‘NC‐Raleigh’. NC‐Raleigh was the highest‐yielding MG‐VII entry in the OVT. The unusual combination of high yield and SCN race‐2 resistance in group‐VII maturity makes this cultivar potentially desirable for conventional and organic production and as breeding stock for commercial breeding. DA - 2011/9// PY - 2011/9// DO - 10.3198/jpr2010.09.0565crc VL - 5 IS - 3 SP - 309-317 SN - 1940-3496 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium ratios affect production of two herbaceous perennials AU - Kraus, H. T. AU - Warren, S. L. AU - Bjorkquist, G. J. AU - Lowder, A. W. AU - Tchir, C. M. AU - Walton, K. N. T2 - HortScience DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// VL - 46 IS - 5 SP - 776-783 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Increasing Effectiveness of Cooperative Extension's Master Gardener Volunteers AU - Bauske, Ellen M. AU - Kelly, Lelia AU - Smith, Kerry AU - Bradley, Lucy AU - Davis, Timothy AU - Bennett, Pam T2 - HORTTECHNOLOGY AB - Extension Master Gardener (EMG) volunteers are key to effective dissemination of horticultural information to the public. The goal of this workshop was to identify techniques to increase the capacity and effectiveness of EMG volunteers. The workshop focused on projects and tools that reduce the administrative burden of managing volunteers, increase the scope of issues that volunteers are prepared to address, and pool volunteer efforts and resources across county lines. Two online systems for managing and reporting EMG volunteer activities were described. Both systems are intuitive, user-friendly, and updated without the assistance of web managers. Regional web-based, advanced training on specific topics was used to expand educational messages of EMG volunteers and eliminate the costs associated with face-to-face training. Presentations were made using distance learning technologies and resources were shared online. Hosting agents tailored hands-on supporting activities to meet local needs. Volunteers expanded extension outreach by answering noncommercial landscape and garden telephone questions. Many of the administrative, logistical, and resource burdens associated with the EMG helpline phone service were overcome by working across county lines, standardizing training, centralizing supporting resources, and clustering volunteers into regional telephone helpline offices. Other projects and tools presented in the workshop focused on the need to affirm and/or foster the volunteers' connection with the university and the outreach mission of Cooperative Extension. DA - 2011/4// PY - 2011/4// DO - 10.21273/horttech.21.2.150 VL - 21 IS - 2 SP - 150-154 SN - 1943-7714 KW - technology KW - coordination KW - management KW - supervision KW - web KW - county KW - online classroom ER - TY - JOUR TI - Enhancing Arabidopsis Leaf Growth by Engineering the BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 Receptor Kinase AU - Oh, Man-Ho AU - Sun, Jindong AU - Oh, Dong Ha AU - Zielinski, Raymond E. AU - Clouse, Steven D. AU - Huber, Steven C. T2 - PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AB - The BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 (BRI1) receptor kinase has recently been shown to possess tyrosine kinase activity, and preventing autophosphorylation of the tyrosine-831 regulatory site by site-directed mutagenesis enhances shoot growth. In this study, we characterized the increased leaf growth of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants expressing BRI1(Y831F)-Flag compared with BRI1-Flag (both driven by the native promoter and expressed in the bri1-5 weak allele background) and provide insights into the possible mechanisms involved. On average, relative leaf growth rate was increased 16% in the Y831F plants (in the bri1-5 background), and the gain of function of the Y831F-directed mutant was dominant in the wild-type background. Leaves were larger as a result of increased cell numbers and had substantially increased vascularization. Transcriptome analysis indicated that genes associated with brassinolide biosynthesis, secondary cell wall biosynthesis and vascular development, and regulation of growth were altered in expression and may contribute to the observed changes in leaf architecture and whole plant growth. Analysis of gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence indicated that Y831F mutant plants had higher rates of photosynthesis, and metabolite analysis documented enhanced accumulation of starch, sucrose, and several amino acids, most prominently glycine and proline. These results demonstrate that mutation of BRI1 can enhance photosynthesis and leaf growth/vascularization and may suggest new approaches to increase whole plant carbon assimilation and growth. DA - 2011/9// PY - 2011/9// DO - 10.1104/pp.111.182741 VL - 157 IS - 1 SP - 120-131 SN - 0032-0889 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of 1-Methylcyclopropene on firmness loss and the development of rots in apple fruit kept in farm markets or at elevated temperatures AU - McArtney, S. AU - Parker, M. AU - Obermiller, J. AU - Hoyt, T. T2 - HortTechnology DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// VL - 21 IS - 4 SP - 494-499 ER - TY - JOUR TI - SEASON-LONG INSECTICIDE EFFICACY FOR HEMLOCK WOOLLY ADELGID, ADELGES TSUGAE (HEMIPTERA: ADELGIDAE), MANAGEMENT IN NURSERIES AU - Frank, Steven D. AU - Lebude, Anthony T2 - FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST AB - Nursery growers and extension personnel have to rely on efficacy data from forest and landscape systems to manage hemlock woolly adelgid in nurseries. Considerable differences in tree size and culture and application logistics could make such data unsuitable. We evaluated 12 different insecticide formulations for short and long-term control of hemlock woolly adelgid in container grown Eastern hemlocks, Tsuga canadensis. All products provided control of first generation hemlock woolly adelgids, though efficacy of foliar applications of neonicotinoids dinotefuran, imidacloprid (Marathon® II), and acetamiprid and foliar or drench applications of spirotetramat acted the most quickly. Foliar and soil applications of neonicotinoids and spirotetramat also prevented reinfestation of second generation crawlers. In contrast, second generation hemlock woolly adelgids successfully colonized trees treated with the contact insecticides, horticultural oil and bifenthrin. Systemic insecticides provided season-long control of hemlock woolly adelgid when applied to foliage, which is the preferred method of application of nursery growers. DA - 2011/6// PY - 2011/6// DO - 10.1653/024.094.0223 VL - 94 IS - 2 SP - 290-295 SN - 0015-4040 KW - insecticide efficacy KW - foliar application KW - drench KW - neonicotinoids KW - nursery KW - spirotetramat KW - soilless substrates KW - container-grown nursery trees ER - TY - JOUR TI - Rolled Rye Mulch for Weed Suppression in Organic No-Tillage Soybeans AU - Smith, Adam N. AU - Reberg-Horton, Chris AU - Place, George T. AU - Meijer, Alan D. AU - Arellano, Consuelo AU - Mueller, J. Paul T2 - WEED SCIENCE AB - Rising demand for organic soybeans and high price premiums for organic products have stimulated producer interest in organic soybean production. However, organic soybean producers and those making the transition to organic production cite weed management as their main limitation. Current weed management practices heavily rely on cultivation. Repeated cultivation is expensive and has negative consequences on soil health. Research is needed to improve organic reduced tillage production. Rye cover crop mulches were evaluated for weed suppression abilities and effects on soybean yield. Experiments were planted in 2008 and 2009 at three sites. Rye was planted in the fall of each year and killed at soybean planting with a roller/crimper or flail mower, creating a thick weed-suppressing mulch with potential allelopathic properties. The mulch was augmented with one of three additional weed control tactics: preemergence (PRE) corn gluten meal (CGM), postemergence (POST) clove oil, or postemergence high-residue cultivation. Roll-crimped and flail-mowed treatments had similar weed suppression abilities at most sites. There were no differences between CGM, clove oil, or cultivation at most sites. Sites with rye biomass above 9,000 kg ha −1 of dry matter provided weed control that precluded soybean yield loss from competition. In Goldsboro 2008, where rye biomass was 10,854 kg ha −1 of dry matter, the soybean yield in the rolled rye treatment was not significantly different from the weed-free treatment, yielding at 2,190 and 2,143 kg ha −1 , respectively. Likewise, no difference in soybean yield was found in Plymouth 2008 with a rye biomass of 9,256 kg ha −1 and yields of 2,694 kg ha −1 and 2,809 kg ha −1 in the rolled rye and weed-free treatments, respectively. At low rye biomass levels (4,450 to 6,606 kg ha −1 ), the rolled rye treatment soybean yield was 628 to 822 kg ha −1 less than the weed-free treatment. High rye biomass levels are critical to the success of this production system. However, high rye biomass was, in some cases, also correlated with soybean lodging severe enough to cause concern with this system. DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// DO - 10.1614/ws-d-10-00112.1 VL - 59 IS - 2 SP - 224-231 SN - 1550-2759 KW - Cover crop mulch KW - weed suppression KW - roller/crimper KW - organic herbicides ER - TY - JOUR TI - NUTRIENT DISORDER SYMPTOMOLOGY AND FOLIAR CONCENTRATIONS OF CLERODENDRUM THOMSONIAE AU - Davis, Karen I. AU - Niedziela, Carl E., Jr. AU - Reddy, Muchha R. AU - Whipker, Brian E. AU - Frantz, Jonathan M. T2 - JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION AB - Clerodendrum thomsoniae plants were grown in silica sand culture to induce and photograph nutritional disorder symptoms. Plants were grown with a complete modified Hoagland's all nitrate solution. The nutrient deficiency treatments were induced with a complete nutrient formula minus one of the nutrients. Boron toxicity was also induced by increasing the element ten times higher than the complete nutrient formula. Reagent grade chemicals and deionized water of 18-mega ohms purity were used to formulate treatment solutions. The plants were automatically irrigated and the solution drained from the bottom of the pot and captured for reuse. The nutrient solutions were completely replaced weekly. Plants were monitored daily to document and photograph sequential series of symptoms as they developed. Typical symptomology of nutrient disorders and critical tissue concentrations are presented. Plants were harvested for nutrient analysis when initial symptoms were expressed. Nutrient deficiency symptoms were described and foliar nutrient concentrations provided. DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// DO - 10.1080/01904167.2011.555805 VL - 34 IS - 7 SP - 1079-1086 SN - 0190-4167 KW - bleeding glory-bower KW - tropical bleeding-heart vine KW - glory tree KW - bag flower KW - deficiency KW - fertilizer KW - macronutrient KW - micronutrient KW - symptoms ER - TY - JOUR TI - Micropropagation of Mahonia ‘Soft Caress’ AU - Rounsaville, T.J. AU - Touchell, D.H. AU - Ranney, T.G. AU - Blazich, F.A. T2 - Hortscience AB - Mahonia ‘Soft Caress’ is a unique new cultivar exhibiting a compact form and delicate evergreen leaves. Protocols for micropropagation of M . ‘Soft Caress’ were developed to expedite multiplication and serve as a foundation for future work with other taxa of Mahonia Nutt. Combinations of sucrose at 30 or 45 g·L −1 in conjunction with Gamborg B5 (B5), Quoirin and Lepoivre (QL), and Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal media as well as other selected growth regulator treatments were evaluated as multiplication media. Rooting of microcuttings was conducted in vitro using combinations of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at 0, 2, 4, 8, or 16 μM under either light or dark. Quick dip treatments with aqueous solutions of the potassium (K) salt (K-salt) of IBA at 0, 5.2, 10.4, 20.7, or 41.4 μM were tested in a second experiment for ex vitro rooting. Media containing B5 basal salts and vitamins supplemented with sucrose at 30 g·L −1 , 5 μM 6-benzylaminopurine, 5 μM kinetin, 0.5 μM indole-3-acetic acid, and 2.5 μM gibberellic acid yielded 2.80 ± 0.14 microshoots with a mean length of 14.76 ± 0.63 mm over a 6-week culture period and was an optimal multiplication media. Light treatment and IBA concentration had a significant effect on rooting percentages. Microcuttings treated with 8 μM IBA and maintained in the dark resulted in the best rooting (70%) and ex vitro establishment. DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.46.7.1010 VL - 46 IS - 7 SP - 1010-1014 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Influence of summer cover crops and mycorrhizal fungi on strawberry production in the Southeastern United States AU - Garland, B. C. AU - Schroeder-Moreno, M. S. AU - Fernandez, G. E. AU - Creamer, N. G. T2 - HortScience DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// VL - 46 IS - 7 SP - 985-992 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Discovery of Second Gene for Solid Dark Green versus Light Green Rind Pattern in Watermelon AU - Kumar, Rakesh AU - Wehner, Todd C. T2 - JOURNAL OF HEREDITY AB - The watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai var. lanatus) has high variability for fruit size, shape, rind pattern, and flesh color. This study was designed to measure the qualitative inheritance of rind phenotypes (solid dark green vs. light green). For each of the 2 families, "Mountain Hoosier" × "Minilee" and "Early Arizona" × "Minilee," 6 generations (P(a)S(1), P(b)S(1), F(1), F(2), BC(1)P(a), BC(1)P(b)) were developed. Each family was tested in summer 2008 in 3 environments in North Carolina. Phenotypic data were analyzed with the χ(2) method to test the segregation of Mendelian genes. Deviations from the expected segregation ratios based on hypothesized single dominant gene for solid dark green versus light green rind pattern were recorded, raising questions on the inheritance of this trait. Inheritance of solid dark green rind versus light (gray) rind showed duplicate dominant epistasis. Duplicate dominant epistasis gives rise to a 15:1 ratio (solid dark green:light rind pattern) in F(2) generation. When both the loci are homozygous recessive, we observe light rind pattern. The g-1 and g-2 genes were identified to control light green rind when in homozygous recessive form. DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// DO - 10.1093/jhered/esr025 VL - 102 IS - 4 SP - 489-493 SN - 0022-1503 KW - Citrullus lanatus KW - rind pattern KW - chi(2)test ER - TY - JOUR TI - Brassinosteroid signal transduction: from receptor kinase activation to transcriptional networks regulating plant development AU - Clouse, S. D. T2 - Plant Cell AB - Brassinosteroid (BR) signal transduction research has progressed rapidly from the initial discovery of the BR receptor to a complete definition of the basic molecular components required to relay the BR signal from perception by receptor kinases at the cell surface to activation of a small family of transcription factors that regulate the expression of more than a thousand genes in a BR-dependent manner. These mechanistic advances have helped answer the intriguing question of how a single molecule, such as a hormone, can have dramatic pleiotropic effects on a broad range of diverse developmental pathways and have shed light on how BRs interact with other plant hormones and environmental cues to shape the growth of the whole plant. This review summarizes the current state of BR signal transduction research and then examines recent articles uncovering gene regulatory networks through which BR influences both vegetative and reproductive development. DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// DO - 10.1105/tpc.111.084475 VL - 23 IS - 4 SP - 1219-1230 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Starch Self-Processing in Transgenic Sweet Potato Roots Expressing a Hyperthermophilic alpha-Amylase AU - Santa-Maria, Monica C. AU - Yencho, Craig G. AU - Haigler, Candace H. AU - Thompson, William F. AU - Kelly, Robert M. AU - Sosinski, Bryon T2 - BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AB - Abstract Sweet potato is a major crop in the southeastern United States, which requires few inputs and grows well on marginal land. It accumulates large quantities of starch in the storage roots and has been shown to give comparable or superior ethanol yields to corn per cultivated acre in the southeast. Starch conversion to fermentable sugars (i.e., for ethanol production) is carried out at high temperatures and requires the action of thermostable and thermoactive amylolytic enzymes. These enzymes are added to the starch mixture impacting overall process economics. To address this shortcoming, the gene encoding a hyperthermophilic α‐amylase from Thermotoga maritima was cloned and expressed in transgenic sweet potato, generated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens‐mediated transformation, to create a plant with the ability to self‐process starch. No significant enzyme activity could be detected below 40°C, but starch in the transgenic sweet potato storage roots was readily hydrolyzed at 80°C. The transgene did not affect normal storage root formation. The results presented here demonstrate that engineering plants with hyperthermophilic glycoside hydrolases can facilitate cost effective starch conversion to fermentable sugars. Furthermore, the use of sweet potato as an alternative near‐term energy crop should be considered. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2011 DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// DO - 10.1002/btpr.573 VL - 27 IS - 2 SP - 351-359 SN - 1520-6033 KW - hyperthermophilic enzymes KW - starch conversion KW - transgenic plants KW - sweet potato KW - biofuels ER - TY - JOUR TI - Spin-Peierls transition in the S=1/2 compound TiPO4 featuring large intrachain coupling AU - Law, J. M. AU - Hoch, C. AU - Glaum, R. AU - Heinmaa, I. AU - Stern, R. AU - Kang, J. AU - Lee, C. AU - Whangbo, M. -H. AU - Kremer, R. K. T2 - PHYSICAL REVIEW B AB - We investigated the magnetic and structural properties of the quasi-one-dimensional 3${d}^{1}$ quantum chain system TiPO${}_{4}$ ($J~$ 965 K) by magnetic susceptibility, heat capacity, electron spin resonance, x-ray diffraction, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements, and by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. TiPO${}_{4}$ undergoes two magnetostructural phase transitions, one at 111 K and the other at 74 K. Below 74 K, NMR detects two different $^{31}\mathrm{P}$ signals and the magnetic susceptibility vanishes, while DFT calculations evidence a bond alternation of the Ti-Ti distances within each chain. Thus, the 74 K phase transition is a spin-Peierls transition which evolves from an incommensurate phase existing between 111 and 74 K. DA - 2011/5/23/ PY - 2011/5/23/ DO - 10.1103/physrevb.83.180414 VL - 83 IS - 18 SP - SN - 1098-0121 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Influence of field margin type on weed species richness and abundance in conventional crop fields AU - Reberg-Horton, S. C. AU - Mueller, J. P. AU - Mellage, S. J. AU - Creamer, N. G. AU - Brownie, C. AU - Bell, M. AU - Burton, M. G. T2 - RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS AB - Abstract Natural vegetation occurring on farms in field margins, fallow fields, ditch systems and neighboring forests, provides increased biodiversity, structural diversity, habitat for wildlife and beneficial insects, and can act as a protective buffer against agrochemical drift. Nevertheless, farmers frequently view these areas as non-productive and as potential sources of weeds, insect pests and diseases. Weed species richness and abundance were examined in crop fields in 2002–2003 at the Center for Environmental Farming Systems near Goldsboro, NC to determine if crop field weed infestation was associated with field margin management (managed versus unmanaged). Weed species abundance and richness were measured over two growing seasons on four occasions in crop fields along permanent transects that extended from the field edge toward the center of the field. The presence/absence of data for all plant species in the field margin was also recorded. For both margin types, managed and unmanaged, more weeds were found near the field edge than in the center of the field. Weed species richness was slightly higher in cropland bordering managed margins than in cropland along unmanaged margins. Several significant interactions led to an examination of nine dominant weed species in each field margin type and their distribution in crop fields. When all sampling dates were pooled, only 42 (40%) of 105 species identified in the field margins were observed in the crop field. Managed margins had lower species richness than unmanaged field margins—less than half the mean number of species (15 versus 6 species, respectively). Contingency table analysis did not reveal any association between plant species occurring in the margin and those found in the crop field. Furthermore, margin type and weed presence in the field margin were not effective predictors of weed occurrence in the crop field as determined by logistic regression. DA - 2011/6// PY - 2011/6// DO - 10.1017/s1742170510000451 VL - 26 IS - 2 SP - 127-136 SN - 1742-1705 KW - field margin KW - weed populations KW - crop edges KW - farm natural areas ER - TY - JOUR TI - 'APF-45' Primocane-fruiting Blackberry AU - Clark, John R. AU - Perkins-Veazie, Penelope T2 - HORTSCIENCE AB - ‘APF-45’ was introduced to broaden the choices of this innovative, primocane-fruiting blackberry (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus Watson) type. This is the third in the University of Arkansas Prime-Ark Brand Primocane Fruiting Blackberry cultivar line and will be marketed as Prime-Ark 45. It follows the release of ‘APF-8’ and ‘APF-12’ (marketed as Prime-Jan and Prime-Jim , respectively) in 2004 (Clark et al., 2005). This unique type of blackberry fruits on current-season canes (primocanes) and second-season canes (floricanes). Traditional blackberry cultivars fruit on floricanes, requiring canes to be overwintered to produce a crop. This fruiting habit has the potential to expand blackberry production much like that which has occurred for primocane-fruiting red raspberries (Rubus ideaus L.). These first two primocane-fruiting cultivars were intended primarily for home-garden production and for limited commercial trial evaluations. ‘APF-45’ is the first primocanefruiting cultivar with commercial-quality fruit characteristics with postharvest potential for shipping. It may broaden production both seasonally and geographically to strengthen blackberry growing and marketing. DA - 2011/4// PY - 2011/4// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.46.4.670 VL - 46 IS - 4 SP - 670-673 SN - 2327-9834 KW - Rubus KW - fruit breeding KW - small fruits KW - postharvest handling ER - TY - JOUR TI - Organically managed no-tillage rye-soybean systems: Agronomic, economic, and environmental assessment AU - Bernstein, E. R. AU - Posner, J. L. AU - Stoltenberg, D. E. AU - Hedtcke, J. L. T2 - Agronomy Journal DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// VL - 103 IS - 4 SP - 1169-1179 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Identification of quantitative trait loci for dry-matter, starch, and beta-carotene content in sweetpotato AU - Cervantes-Flores, J. C. AU - Sosinski, B. AU - Pecota, K. V. AU - Mwanga, R. O. M. AU - Catignani, G. L. AU - Truong, V. D. AU - Watkins, R. H. AU - Ulmer, M. R. AU - Yencho, G. C. T2 - MOLECULAR BREEDING DA - 2011/8// PY - 2011/8// DO - 10.1007/s11032-010-9474-5 VL - 28 IS - 2 SP - 201-216 SN - 1380-3743 KW - Ipomoea batatas KW - Sweetpotato KW - Sweetpotato breeding KW - QTL KW - Molecular marker KW - Molecular mapping KW - Polyploid mapping KW - Marker-assisted breeding KW - Vitamin A ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of Watermelon Supplementation on Aortic Blood Pressure and Wave Reflection in Individuals With Prehypertension: A Pilot Study AU - Figueroa, Arturo AU - Sanchez-Gonzalez, Marcos A. AU - Perkins-Veazie, Penelope M. AU - Arjmandi, Bahram H. T2 - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION AB - Oral L-citrulline is efficiently converted to L-arginine, the precursor for endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. Oral L-arginine supplementation reduces brachial blood pressure (BP). We evaluated the effects of watermelon supplementation on aortic BP and arterial function in individuals with prehypertension. Heart rate (HR), brachial systolic BP (bSBP), brachial pulse pressure (bPP), aortic SBP (aSBP), aortic PP (aPP), augmentation index (AIx), AIx adjusted for HR of 75 beats/min (AIx@75), amplitude of the first (P1) and second (P2) systolic peaks, reflection time (Tr), and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) were evaluated in the supine position in nine subjects (four men/five women, age 54 ± 3 years) with prehypertension (134/77 ± 5/3 mm Hg). Subjects were randomly assigned to 6 weeks of watermelon supplementation (L-citrulline/ L­arginine, 2.7 g/1.3 g/day) or placebo followed by a 4-week washout period and then crossover. There was a significant treatment effect (change in the value of watermelon minus placebo from baseline to 6 weeks) on bPP (−8 ± 3 mm Hg, P < 0.05), aSBP (−7 ± 2 mm Hg, P < 0.05), aPP (−6 ± 2 mm Hg, P < 0.01), AIx (−6 ± 3%, P < 0.05), AIx@75 (−4 ± 2%, P < 0.05), and P2 (−2 ± 1 mm Hg, P < 0.05). There was no significant treatment effect (P > 0.05) on bSBP, brachial diastolic BP (DBP), aortic DBP, Tr, P1, HR, and carotid-femoral PWV. This pilot study shows that watermelon supplementation improves aortic hemodynamics through a decrease in the amplitude of the reflected wave in individuals with prehypertension. American Journal of Hypertension, advance online publication 8 July 2010; doi:10.1038/ajh.2010.142 DA - 2011/1// PY - 2011/1// DO - 10.1038/ajh.2010.142 VL - 24 IS - 1 SP - 40-44 SN - 0895-7061 KW - aortic hemodynamics KW - blood pressure KW - hypertension KW - L-citrulline KW - prehypertension KW - watermelon ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of cultural practices and fungicides on Phytophthora fruit rot of watermelon in the Carolinas AU - Kousik, Chandrasekar S. AU - Adams, Mike L. AU - Jester, Wilfred R. AU - Hassell, Richard AU - Harrison, Howard F. AU - Holmes, Gerald J. T2 - CROP PROTECTION AB - Phytophthora fruit rot of watermelon, caused by Phytophthora capsici, is an important and emerging disease in Southeastern U.S.A. The effects of two cultural practices (raised bare ground and raised plastic mulched beds) used for growing watermelon and different fungicide treatments on development of Phytophthora fruit rot were evaluated. The experiments were conducted over three years (2005–2008) at research stations in North Carolina and South Carolina, U.S.A. Fungicides were applied at weekly intervals on the diploid cv. Mickey Lee for an average of five applications. Fruit rot incidence was recorded at the end of each experiment. Fruit rot incidence in the non-treated plots was 66% across two states and six trials. Overall, the levels of fruit rot on the raised bare ground and raised plastic mulched beds were not significantly different. Based on percent disease reduction relative to the non-treated check plots, the fungicide Captan was the most effective across years and locations (range = 23–70%, mean = 57%), followed by mandipropamid (25–65%, mean = 50%), fluopicolide (24–65%, mean = 43%) and cyazofamid (0–48%, mean = 31%). Mefenoxam, the current standard treatment reduced fruit rot by 8–28% (mean = 18%). The addition of copper hydroxide to the spray mix did not significantly enhance effectiveness of Captan or mandipropamid. The variability in fungicide efficacy observed in these experiments across locations and years demonstrates the importance of environmental conditions in disease development and management. Even when the most effective fungicides are used, heavy losses may occur when conditions are highly favorable for disease development. Ultimately, effective control of Phytophthora fruit rot of watermelon will require an integrated management strategy that includes well-drained fields, water management and crop rotation in addition to fungicides. DA - 2011/7// PY - 2011/7// DO - 10.1016/j.cropro.2011.03.012 VL - 30 IS - 7 SP - 888-894 SN - 0261-2194 KW - Citrullus lanatus KW - Chemical control KW - Fruit rot KW - Oomycete KW - Phytophthora capsici KW - Fungicide ER - TY - JOUR TI - Linkage Mapping and QTL Analysis of Agronomic Traits in Tetraploid Potato (Solanum tuberosum subsp tuberosum) AU - McCord, Per H. AU - Sosinski, Bryon R. AU - Haynes, Kathleen G. AU - Clough, Mark E. AU - Yencho, G. Craig T2 - CROP SCIENCE AB - ABSTRACT Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the world's most important crops. Using a tetraploid population, we developed a linkage map using amplified fragment length polymorphism and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, and searched for quantitative trait loci (QTL) via interval mapping and single‐marker analysis of variance. Quantitative trait loci were detected for flower color, foliage maturity, tuber skin texture, dry matter content, specific gravity, and yield. Most linkage groups were anchored to Solanum chromosomes using SSRs. The most significant QTL detected was for flower color. It was located on chromosome II and explained over 40% of the variation for this trait. This QTL most likely corresponds to the R locus for red anthocyanin production. We also confirmed the presence of QTL for foliage maturity on chromosomes III and V. For skin texture, a trait that has not been previously mapped in potato, we detected multiple QTL. One of these, found on chromosome III, explained 20% of the variation. By measuring specific gravity and dry matter independently we were able to detect QTL for these traits that did not co‐locate, even though the traits are strongly correlated. Yield QTL were detected on multiple chromosomes, including a novel one on chromosome III. Many QTL could be modeled as simplex or duplex with dominant effects, but a large number displayed additive or interallelic interactive effects. The mapping and modeling of traits in this tetraploid population could be improved by the use of more codominant markers, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms. DA - 2011/3// PY - 2011/3// DO - 10.2135/cropsci2010.02.0108 VL - 51 IS - 2 SP - 771-785 SN - 1435-0653 ER - TY - JOUR TI - High-Confidence Discovery of Genetic Network Regulators in Expression Quantitative Trait Loci Data AU - Duarte, Christine W. AU - Zeng, Zhao-Bang T2 - GENETICS AB - Abstract Expression QTL (eQTL) studies involve the collection of microarray gene expression data and genetic marker data from segregating individuals in a population to search for genetic determinants of differential gene expression. Previous studies have found large numbers of trans-regulated genes (regulated by unlinked genetic loci) that link to a single locus or eQTL “hotspot,” and it would be desirable to find the mechanism of coregulation for these gene groups. However, many difficulties exist with current network reconstruction algorithms such as low power and high computational cost. A common observation for biological networks is that they have a scale-free or power-law architecture. In such an architecture, highly influential nodes exist that have many connections to other nodes. If we assume that this type of architecture applies to genetic networks, then we can simplify the problem of genetic network reconstruction by focusing on discovery of the key regulatory genes at the top of the network. We introduce the concept of “shielding” in which a specific gene expression variable (the shielder) renders a set of other gene expression variables (the shielded genes) independent of the eQTL. We iteratively build networks from the eQTL to the shielder down using tests of conditional independence. We have proposed a novel test for controlling the shielder false-positive rate at a predetermined level by requiring a threshold number of shielded genes per shielder. Using simulation, we have demonstrated that we can control the shielder false-positive rate as well as obtain high shielder and edge specificity. In addition, we have shown our method to be robust to violation of the latent variable assumption, an important feature in the practical application of our method. We have applied our method to a yeast expression QTL data set in which microarray and marker data were collected from the progeny of a backcross of two species of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Bremet al. 2002). Seven genetic networks have been discovered, and bioinformatic analysis of the discovered regulators and corresponding regulated genes has generated plausible hypotheses for mechanisms of regulation that can be tested in future experiments. DA - 2011/3// PY - 2011/3// DO - 10.1534/genetics.110.124685 VL - 187 IS - 3 SP - 955-964 SN - 0016-6731 ER - TY - JOUR TI - QTL mapping of internal heat necrosis in tetraploid potato AU - McCord, P. H. AU - Sosinski, B. R. AU - Haynes, K. G. AU - Clough, M. E. AU - Yencho, G. C. T2 - THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS DA - 2011/1// PY - 2011/1// DO - 10.1007/s00122-010-1429-z VL - 122 IS - 1 SP - 129-142 SN - 1432-2242 KW - QTL KW - Internal heat necrosis KW - Linkage mapping KW - Potato KW - Tetraploid KW - Solanum tuberosum ER - TY - JOUR TI - On the Identity of the Weedy Bittercresses (Cardamine: Brassicaceae) in United States Nurseries: Evidence from Molecules and Morphology AU - Post, Angela R. AU - Ali, Regina AU - Krings, Alexander AU - Xiang, Jenny AU - Sosinski, Brian R. AU - Neal, Joseph C. T2 - WEED SCIENCE AB - Bittercress (Brassicaceae) is one of the most prolific and costly weeds of the container nursery industry. Bittercress accessions from container nurseries throughout the major production zones in the United States were examined and compared with herbarium specimens. The identity of these weedy bittercress species were further explored using sequences of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the nrDNA region for the COP1-interacting protein 7 ( CIP7 ). Four species of bittercress were detected in the nursery industry of the United States, including New Zealand bittercress, hairy bittercress, flexuous bittercress, and little bittercress. The taxon referred to here as Cardamine flexuosa With. (flexuous bittercress) likely contains two genotypes previously reported as European C. flexuosa and Asian C. flexuosa . Phylogenetic relationships between the four species we examined, particularly in relationship to flexuous bittercress, were not fully resolved by the molecular evidence generated for this study. New Zealand bittercress is nonnative and does not appear in current keys to the species for the United States. Flexuous bittercress is also an alien species, which appears in some U.S. keys but not in all. To aid nurserymen and botanists in identification of these four closely related bittercress species, a key was developed and is accompanied by detailed descriptions and illustrations. DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// DO - 10.1614/ws-d-10-00063.1 VL - 59 IS - 1 SP - 123-135 SN - 1550-2759 KW - Cardamine KW - bittercress KW - CIP7 KW - ITS KW - molecular genetics KW - taxonomy KW - key ER - TY - JOUR TI - Glycine and a Glycine Dehydrogenase (GLDC) SNP as Citalopram/Escitalopram Response Biomarkers in Depression: Pharmacometabolomics-Informed Pharmacogenomics AU - Ji, Y. AU - Hebbring, S. AU - Zhu, H. AU - Jenkins, G. D. AU - Biernacka, J. AU - Snyder, K. AU - Drews, M. AU - Fiehn, O. AU - Zeng, Z. AU - Schaid, D. AU - Mrazek, D. A. AU - Kaddurah-Daouk, R. AU - Weinshilboum, R. M. T2 - CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS AB - Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common psychiatric disease. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are an important class of drugs used in the treatment of MDD. However, many patients do not respond adequately to SSRI therapy. We used a pharmacometabolomics-informed pharmacogenomic research strategy to identify citalopram/escitalopram treatment outcome biomarkers. Metabolomic assay of plasma samples from 20 escitalopram remitters and 20 nonremitters showed that glycine was negatively associated with treatment outcome (P = 0.0054). This observation was pursued by genotyping tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for genes encoding glycine synthesis and degradation enzymes, using 529 DNA samples from SSRI-treated MDD patients. The rs10975641 SNP in the glycine dehydrogenase (GLDC) gene was associated with treatment outcome phenotypes. Genotyping for rs10975641 was carried out in 1,245 MDD patients in the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) study, and its presence was significant (P = 0.02) in DNA taken from these patients. These results highlight a possible role for glycine in SSRI response and illustrate the use of pharmacometabolomics to “inform” pharmacogenomics. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2011) 89 1, 97–104. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2010.250 DA - 2011/1// PY - 2011/1// DO - 10.1038/clpt.2010.250 VL - 89 IS - 1 SP - 97-104 SN - 1532-6535 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Grafting fraser fir (Abies fraseri): Effect of scion origin (crown position and branch order) AU - Hibbert-Frey, H. AU - Frampton, J. AU - Blazich, F. A. AU - Hundley, D. AU - Hinesley, L. E. T2 - HortScience DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// VL - 46 IS - 1 SP - 91-94 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Estimating time series and cross section tourism demand models: Mainland United States to Hawaii data AU - Nelson, Larry A. AU - Dickey, David A. AU - Smith, Joy M. T2 - TOURISM MANAGEMENT AB - A study of factors affecting the number of visitors to Hawaii during the period 1993–2007 prompted by an observed waning of the U. S. mainland to Hawaii visitor market was conducted. Both time series and cross section analyses revealed that Log Gross State Product, Log Chained Airfare and Log Distance to Orlando, Florida were the most important predictor variables. A mixed model which modeled Log Chained Gross State Product, Log Chained Airfare, two recessions plus the September 11, 2001 effect in addition to other fixed effects and random state effects was used. Cross section (spatial) airfare elasticities on an annual basis were high and growing over time, but those estimated from the time series analysis (temporal) were much lower. Elasticities derived from Gross State Product were moderately high and very stable over time. To counteract the distance effect, stopovers in existing mainland resort cities when en route to Hawaii and other promotions to develop a stronger presence of a Hawaii image were recommended. DA - 2011/2// PY - 2011/2// DO - 10.1016/j.tourman.2009.10.005 VL - 32 IS - 1 SP - 28-38 SN - 1879-3193 KW - Time series mixed model KW - Hawaii domestic tourist market KW - Cross section model KW - Repeated measures ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of soybean seed size on weed competition AU - Place, G.T. AU - Reberg-Horton, S.C. AU - Carter, T.E. AU - Smith, A.N. T2 - Agronomy Journal AB - Organic soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] producers must rely on various, nonherbicidal tactics for weed management. Increased soybean seed size may be one method to increase the competitiveness of the soybean canopy. Soybean varieties Hutcheson, NC‐Roy, and NC‐Raleigh were separated into four or five seed size classes. Seed sizes ranged from 5.15 to 6.75 mm diam. This range of seed size resulted in seed weights of 10 to 20 g per 100 seed. Each seed size class was grown in weedy and weed‐free conditions at Kinston, NC during 2007 and 2008 and at Plymouth, NC during 2008. Redroot pigweed ( Amaranthus retroflexus L.) overseeding was done to create uniform weed densities. Increasing soybean seed size resulted in greater soybean canopy coverage with the greatest effect at 3 weeks after emergence (WAE) ( P < 0.001, P = 0.003, and P < 0.001 at Kinston 2007, Kinston 2008, and Plymouth 2008, respectively) compared with 5 WAE ( P = 0.02, P = 0.07, and P = 0.02 at Kinston 2007, Kinston 2008, and Plymouth 2008, respectively). Plants from larger seed sizes had more soybean biomass in all sites when grown with weeds, but in only two sites under weed‐free conditions. Larger seed size improved soybean competitiveness by increasing petiole length and plant height. In the two sites with higher weed population densities, planting larger soybean seed reduced weed biomass at 7 WAE. Results suggest that use of larger planting seed may improve weed control in organic soybean production. DA - 2011/// PY - 2011/// DO - 10.2134/agronj2010.0195 VL - 103 IS - 1 SP - 175–181 SN - 1435-0645 ER - TY - JOUR TI - 'NASPOT 11', a Sweetpotato Cultivar Bred by a Participatory Plant-breeding Approach in Uganda AU - Mwanga, Robert O. M. AU - Niringiye, Charles AU - Alajo, Agnes AU - Kigozi, Benjamin AU - Namukula, Joweria AU - Mpembe, Isaac AU - Tumwegamire, Silver AU - Gibson, Richard W. AU - Yencho, G. Craig T2 - HORTSCIENCE AB - The sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] cultivar NASPOT 11 (Namulonge Sweetpotato 11) was approved for release by the Ugandan Plant Variety Release Committee in Apr. 2010 (Mwanga et al., 2010). This is the fifth time the sweetpotato breeding program in Uganda has officially released sweetpotato cultivars. The program released 19 cultivars between 1995 and 1999 (Mwanga et al., 2009), but to the best of our knowledge, ‘NASPOT 11’ represents the first sweetpotato cultivar bred from segregating populations by participatory plant breeding (PPB) for Africa and perhaps the world (Gibson et al., 2008; Mwanga et al., 2010). ‘NASPOT 11’ has acceptable storage root shape (long elliptic) when grown in light soils, has high dry matter (DM) ( 34%), and good to excellent consumer acceptance, depending on growth conditions. The cultivar has moderate to high field resistance to sweetpotato virus disease (SPVD) and Alternaria bataticola blight. Both diseases can be devastating, causing high storage root yield losses (50% to 90%) in susceptible clones (Gibson et al., 1998; Loebenstein et al., 2009; Osiru et al., 2009). Therefore, in terms of resistance to diseases, ‘NASPOT 11’ is superior to other previously released cultivars (Tables 1 through 3). Storage root yields exceeded 10 t ha on-farm under good growing conditions (Tables 2 and 3) compared with the average national storage root yield of 4.0 t ha (International Potato Center, 1999). Here we report the release of ‘NASPOT 11’, which provides consumers and farmers with a new cultivar to contribute to food security in the farming and food systems of Uganda. DA - 2011/2// PY - 2011/2// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.46.2.317 VL - 46 IS - 2 SP - 317-321 SN - 2327-9834 KW - seedling screening KW - sweetpotato breeding KW - sweetpotato virus disease KW - Alternaria bataticola blight ER -