TY - JOUR TI - Anatomical and Morphological Variation in Dracaena reflexa ‘Variegata’ Grown in Different Organic Potting Substrates AU - Younis, Adnan AU - Riaz, Atif AU - Siddique, Muhammad Irfan AU - Lim, Ki-Byung AU - Hwang, Yoon-Jung AU - Khan, Muhammad Asif T2 - Korean Society for Floricultural Science DA - 2013/12/30/ PY - 2013/12/30/ DO - 10.11623/frj.2013.21.4.32 VL - 21 IS - 4 SP - 162-171 J2 - Flower Res J OP - SN - 1225-5009 2287-772X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.11623/frj.2013.21.4.32 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Effects of Lawn Plant Diversity on Arthropod Diversity AU - Marshall, S. AU - Orr, D. AU - Bradley, L.K. AU - Frank, S. AU - Moorman, C. T2 - HortScience DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// VL - 48 IS - 9 M3 - Abstract ER - TY - JOUR TI - Organic Gardening EducationalMaterials for Extension Master Gardener Volunteers AU - Rankin, A. AU - Bradley, L.K. AU - Orr, D.B. AU - Louws, F.J. T2 - HortScience DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// VL - 48 IS - 9 M3 - Abstract ER - TY - JOUR TI - Community Engaged Collaborative Design of a New Children's Garden at a Public Garden AU - Reynolds, D. AU - Bradley, L.K. AU - Sherk, J.T. AU - Kornegay, J.L. T2 - HortScience DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// VL - 48 IS - 9 M3 - Abstract ER - TY - CONF TI - QTL analysis for early blight resistance in tomato AU - Panthee, D.R. AU - Van Deynze, A. AU - Sim, S. AU - Francis, D.M. T2 - Annual Meetings, ASHS C2 - 2013/// C3 - ASHS Annual Meetings CY - Palm Spring, CA DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/7/22/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluating bacterial wilt resistance of tomato rootstocks in North Carolina AU - Silverman, E.J. AU - Driver, J. AU - Kressin, J. AU - Panthee, D. AU - Louws, F.J. T2 - Phytopathology DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// VL - 103 SP - 134 ER - TY - CONF TI - Heirloom tomatoes show differential sensitivity to Flg22, Flg28, and Csp22 and a field isolate of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato AU - Veluchamy, S. AU - Martin, G.B. AU - Panthee, D.R. T2 - 27th Annual Retreat, Plant Molecular Biology Consortium C2 - 2013/// C3 - The 27th Annual Retreat, Plant Molecular Biology Consortium CY - Asheville, NC DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/9/13/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Organic Gardening Educational Materials for Extension Master Gardener Volunteers T2 - Hortscience DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// UR - https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/56007346/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - The role of Pro-P5C Cycle in chs mutants of Arabidopsis under cold stress AU - Khavari-Nejad, RA AU - Band, R Shekaste AU - Najafi, F AU - Nabiuni, M AU - Gharari, Z T2 - Russian journal of plant physiology DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// VL - 60 IS - 3 SP - 375-382 ER - TY - CONF TI - Identification of tomato bacterial spot race T1, T2, T3, T4, and Xanthomonas gardneri resistance QTLs derived from PI 114490 populations selected for race T4 AU - Scott, JW AU - Hutton, SF AU - Shekasteband, R AU - Sim, SC AU - Francis, David M C2 - 2013/// C3 - IV International Symposium on Tomato Diseases 1069 DA - 2013/// SP - 53-58 ER - TY - CONF TI - Combinations of Ty resistance genes generally provide more effective control against begomoviruses than do single genes AU - Hutton, SF AU - Scott, JW AU - Shekasteband, R AU - Levin, I AU - Lapidot, M C2 - 2013/// C3 - IV International Symposium on Tomato Diseases 1069 DA - 2013/// SP - 59-64 ER - TY - CONF TI - Fruit and Vegetable AU - Simmons, O.D., III AU - Jaykus, L.A. T2 - International Association for Food Protection Annual Meeting C2 - 2013/// CY - Charlotte, NC DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// ER - TY - SOUND TI - NC State’s Place in the Sustainable and Local Foods Movement AU - Seth Carley, D. DA - 2013/4// PY - 2013/4// ER - TY - SOUND TI - Plant Health as a Piece in Sustainable Turfgrass Systems AU - Seth Carley, D. DA - 2013/6// PY - 2013/6// ER - TY - SOUND TI - Pinehurst No. 2 Goes Native AU - Seth Carley, D. DA - 2013/6// PY - 2013/6// ER - TY - CONF TI - Sustainable managed ecosystems: A case study AU - Stallings, K. AU - Rufty, T. AU - Richardson, R. AU - Seth Carley, D. T2 - North Carolina State University Graduate Student Research Symposium C2 - 2013/// CY - Raleigh, NC DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/3// ER - TY - SOUND TI - Advocating for Local Foods at Your College or University AU - Seth Carley, D. DA - 2013/2// PY - 2013/2// ER - TY - CONF TI - Experimental and numerical evaluation of a UV-LED point of use device AU - Jenny, R.M. AU - Simmons, O.D., III AU - Ducoste, J.J. T2 - 93rd Annual Conference American Water Works Association and the Association of the Water Environment Federation, North Carolina Section C2 - 2013/11/10/ CY - Concord, NC DA - 2013/11/10/ PY - 2013/11/10/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - Viruses in Shellfish and other Foods: Are they really that important?? AU - Simmons, O.D., III AU - Jaykus, L.A. DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// M3 - Webinar ER - TY - SOUND TI - Food Safety in the United States: Current Trends AU - Simmons, O.D., III DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// ER - TY - SOUND TI - Viruses in Shellfish: What all Commercial Fishermen Should Know!” AU - Simmons, O.D., III AU - Jaykus, L.A. DA - 2013/1/18/ PY - 2013/1/18/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - Viruses in Fresh Produce: What Every Producer Should Know! AU - Simmons, O.D., III AU - Jaykus, L.A. DA - 2013/1/10/ PY - 2013/1/10/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - What’s that in your pomegranate seeds?? Recent microbial threats linked to fresh fruits and vegetables. AU - Simmons, O.D., III DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// ER - TY - CONF TI - The Cysticidal Activity of Bromine on Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts AU - Kim, J.J. AU - Simmons, O.D., III AU - Sobsey, M.D. T2 - American Water Works Association, Water Quality and Technology Conference C2 - 2013/11/3/ CY - Long Beach, CA DA - 2013/11/3/ PY - 2013/11/3/ ER - TY - CONF TI - The Cysticidal Activity of Bromine on Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts AU - Kim, J.J. AU - Simmons, O.D., III AU - Sobsey, M.D. T2 - 113th American Society for Microbiology General Meeting C2 - 2013/5/18/ CY - Denver, CO DA - 2013/5/18/ PY - 2013/5/18/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Seafood Safety AU - Simmons, O.D., III AU - Jaykus, L.A. T2 - International Association for Food Protection Annual Meeting C2 - 2013/7/28/ CY - Charlotte, NC DA - 2013/7/28/ PY - 2013/7/28/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - Seafood Safety AU - Simmons, O.D., III AU - Jaykus, L.A. DA - 2013/7/28/ PY - 2013/7/28/ UR - https://www.foodprotection.org/annualmeeting/archive/2013/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Prevalence and diversity of Salmonella associated with North Carolina tomato growing environments AU - Ducharme, D. AU - Zheng, J. AU - Allard, S.E. AU - Burrows, W. AU - Wang, C.Y. AU - Arce, G.C. AU - Muruvanda, T. AU - Keys, C.E. AU - Melka, D. AU - Simmons, O.D., III AU - Perkins-Veazie, P. AU - Brown, E.W. AU - Bell, R.L. AU - Gunter, C.G. T2 - 113th American Society for Microbiology General Meeting C2 - 2013/5/18/ CY - Denver, CO DA - 2013/5/18/ PY - 2013/5/18/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Water Safety and Quality AU - Simmons, O.D., III AU - Jaykus, L.A. T2 - International Association for Food Protection Annual Meeting C2 - 2013/7/28/ CY - Charlotte, NC DA - 2013/7/28/ PY - 2013/7/28/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Incidence and Persistence of Salmonella and Escherichia coli in Environmental Samples from North Carolina Tomato Production Systems AU - Ducharme, D. AU - Gunter, C. AU - Jaykus, L. AU - Perkins-Veazie, P. AU - Simmons, O.D., III AU - Zheng, J. AU - Burrows, E. AU - Wang, C. AU - Arce, G.C. AU - Muruvanda, T. AU - Bell, R. AU - Brown, E. T2 - International Association for Food Protection Annual Meeting C2 - 2013/7/28/ CY - Charlotte, NC DA - 2013/7/28/ PY - 2013/7/28/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Updates on NoroCORE activities for IAFP Professional Development Groups (PDGs)” AU - Simmons, O.D., III AU - Jaykus, L.A. T2 - International Association for Food Protection Annual Meeting C2 - 2013/7/28/ CY - Charlotte, NC DA - 2013/7/28/ PY - 2013/7/28/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - Enhancing Food Security through Pre-Harvest Food Safety: Current Research and Outreach for Practical Solutions AU - Simmons, O.D., III DA - 2013/11/5/ PY - 2013/11/5/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - Incidence and Persistence of Salmonella and Escherichia coli in Environmental Samples from North Carolina Tomato Production Systems. AU - Ducharme, D. AU - Gunter, C. AU - Jaykus, L.A. AU - Perkins-Veazie, P. AU - Simmons, O.D., III AU - Zheng, J. AU - Burrows, E. AU - Wang, C. AU - Arce, G.C. AU - Muruvanda, T. AU - Bell, R. AU - Brown, E. DA - 2013/8/8/ PY - 2013/8/8/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Diversity, genetic mapping, and signatures of domestication in the carrot (Daucus carota L.) genome, as revealed by Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) markers AU - Grzebelus, Dariusz AU - Iorizzo, Massimo AU - Senalik, Douglas AU - Ellison, Shelby AU - Cavagnaro, Pablo AU - Macko-Podgorni, Alicja AU - Heller-Uszynska, Kasia AU - Kilian, Andrzej AU - Nothnagel, Thomas AU - Allender, Charlotte AU - Simon, Philipp W. AU - Baranski, Rafal T2 - Molecular Breeding AB - Carrot is one of the most economically important vegetables worldwide, but genetic and genomic resources supporting carrot breeding remain limited. We developed a Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) platform for wild and cultivated carrot and used it to investigate genetic diversity and to develop a saturated genetic linkage map of carrot. We analyzed a set of 900 DArT markers in a collection of plant materials comprising 94 cultivated and 65 wild carrot accessions. The accessions were attributed to three separate groups: wild, Eastern cultivated and Western cultivated. Twenty-seven markers showing signatures for selection were identified. They showed a directional shift in frequency from the wild to the cultivated, likely reflecting diversifying selection imposed in the course of domestication. A genetic linkage map constructed using 188 F2 plants comprised 431 markers with an average distance of 1.1 cM, divided into nine linkage groups. Using previously anchored single nucleotide polymorphisms, the linkage groups were physically attributed to the nine carrot chromosomes. A cluster of markers mapping to chromosome 8 showed significant segregation distortion. Two of the 27 DArT markers with signatures for selection were segregating in the mapping population and were localized on chromosomes 2 and 6. Chromosome 2 was previously shown to carry the Vrn1 gene governing the biennial growth habit essential for cultivated carrot. The results reported here provide background for further research on the history of carrot domestication and identify genomic regions potentially important for modern carrot breeding. DA - 2013/10/26/ PY - 2013/10/26/ DO - 10.1007/S11032-013-9979-9 VL - 33 IS - 3 SP - 625-637 J2 - Mol Breeding LA - en OP - SN - 1380-3743 1572-9788 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/S11032-013-9979-9 DB - Crossref KW - Carrot KW - DArT KW - Domestication KW - Diversity structure KW - Linkage mapping KW - Selection ER - TY - JOUR TI - Micropropagation and Polyploid Induction of Acer platanoides 'Crimson Sentry' AU - Lattier, J.D. AU - Touchell, D.H. AU - Ranney, T.G. AU - Smith, J.C. T2 - Journal of Environmental Horticulture AB - Protocols were developed for micropropagation and induction of autopolyploids in a fastigiate cultivar of Norway maple (A. platanoides L. ‘Crimson Sentry’). Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, woody plant medium (WPM), and Quoirin and Lepoivre medium were supplemented with 2 μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), meta-Topolin, 6-(γ,γ-dimethylallylamino) purine, kinetin, or thidiazuron to evaluate microshoot proliferation. Murashige and Skoog medium with 2 μM BA yielded the most microshoots (3.2) and longest microshoots (30.6 mm) per subsample after 5 weeks. The influence of BA concentration on proliferation was evaluated at 0, 2, 4, 8, or 16 μM. Optimal multiplication rate was achieved at 2 or 4 μM BA producing approximately 2.8 microcuttings per subsample after 5 weeks. To induce in vitro rooting, half-strength WPM was supplemented with 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, or 80 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Optimal in vitro rooting (70%), number of roots (2.5), and root length (15 mm) per subsample were achieved with 10 μM IBA after 8 weeks. To induce polyploidy, microcuttings were pretreated for 7 days on MS medium with 4 μM BA alone or combined with 1 μM IBA, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), or 1-naphthaleneacetic acid prior to treatment in liquid MS medium containing 15 μM oryzalin for 3 days. Homogenous tetraploids were only obtained from shoots pretreated with IAA. This research provides optimized protocols for micropropagation and autopolyploid induction of A. platanoides ‘Crimson Sentry’ and demonstrates the development of tetraploid lines for use in future improvement programs. DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// DO - 10.24266/0738-2898.31.4.246 VL - 31 IS - 4 SP - 246-252 ER - TY - RPRT TI - A Community and Local Government Guide to Developing Local Food Systems in North Carolina AU - Mettam, L. AU - King, B. AU - Dunning, R. A3 - The Center for Environmental Farming Systems DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// M1 - AG-744 PB - The Center for Environmental Farming Systems SN - AG-744 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Retraction Note to: A reexamination of molecular markers for use in marker-assisted breeding in tomato AU - Panthee, Dilip R. AU - Foolad, Majid R. T2 - Euphytica DA - 2013/7/24/ PY - 2013/7/24/ DO - 10.1007/S10681-013-0966-3 VL - 194 IS - 1 SP - 149-149 J2 - Euphytica LA - en OP - SN - 0014-2336 1573-5060 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/S10681-013-0966-3 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Expression and mapping of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes in carrot AU - Yildiz, Mehtap AU - Willis, David K. AU - Cavagnaro, Pablo F. AU - Iorizzo, Massimo AU - Abak, Kazim AU - Simon, Philipp W. T2 - Theoretical and Applied Genetics DA - 2013/3/24/ PY - 2013/3/24/ DO - 10.1007/S00122-013-2084-Y VL - 126 IS - 7 SP - 1689-1702 J2 - Theor Appl Genet LA - en OP - SN - 0040-5752 1432-2242 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/S00122-013-2084-Y DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bell Pepper Seedling Phytotoxicity Due to Abscisic Acid Drench Applications AU - Biai, Christopher J. AU - Garzon, José G. AU - Osborne, Jason A. AU - Schultheis, Jonathan R. AU - Gehl, Ronald J. AU - Gunter, Christopher C. T2 - International Journal of Vegetable Science AB - Bell pepper transplant height control is essential to produce a strong plant capable of surviving the transplant process. Transplant producers are interested in environmental, physical, and chemical methods to control plant height in the greenhouse. One emerging technology for transplant height control on bell pepper is the use abscisic acid (ABA); however, at high doses some phytotoxicity has been observed. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the degree of phytotoxicity induced by an exogenous drench application of abscisic acid on ‘Aristotle’ bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), seedlings. Abscisic acid concentrations (1,000, 5,000, 10,000, 25,000, and 50,000 mg·L−1) were applied over a 1- to 5-week period beginning at the cotyledon stage, in addition to an untreated control. Plant survival for the control and the 1,000 mg·L−1 (baseline treatments) was significantly greater compared to a single application or multiple applications of greater concentrations. The results indicated that applying higher concentrations of ABA (5,000 mg·L−1 or more) using multiple lower concentration applications provided lower hazard ratios and increased longevity compared to a single higher concentration application. The ABA delivered as a drench at the cotyledon stage at concentrations of 5,000 mg·L−1 or below can control transplant height with no visible phytotoxicity. DA - 2013/1// PY - 2013/1// DO - 10.1080/19315260.2011.650297 VL - 19 IS - 1 SP - 4-12 J2 - International Journal of Vegetable Science LA - en OP - SN - 1931-5260 1931-5279 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19315260.2011.650297 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - SNP genotyping allows an in-depth characterisation of the genome of sugarcane and other complex autopolyploids AU - Garcia, Antonio A. F. AU - Mollinari, Marcelo AU - Marconi, Thiago G. AU - Serang, Oliver R. AU - Silva, Renato R. AU - Vieira, Maria L. C. AU - Vicentini, Renato AU - Costa, Estela A. AU - Mancini, Melina C. AU - Garcia, Melissa O. S. AU - Pastina, Maria M. AU - Gazaffi, Rodrigo AU - Martins, Eliana R. F. AU - Dahmer, Nair AU - Sforça, Danilo A. AU - Silva, Claudio B. C. AU - Bundock, Peter AU - Henry, Robert J. AU - Souza, Glaucia M. AU - van Sluys, Marie-Anne AU - Landell, Marcos G. A. AU - Carneiro, Monalisa S. AU - Vincentz, Michel A. G. AU - Pinto, Luciana R. AU - Vencovsky, Roland AU - Souza, Anete P. T2 - Scientific Reports AB - Many plant species of great economic value (e.g., potato, wheat, cotton, and sugarcane) are polyploids. Despite the essential roles of autopolyploid plants in human activities, our genetic understanding of these species is still poor. Recent progress in instrumentation and biochemical manipulation has led to the accumulation of an incredible amount of genomic data. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time a successful genetic analysis in a highly polyploid genome (sugarcane) by the quantitative analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) allelic dosage and the application of a new data analysis framework. This study provides a better understanding of autopolyploid genomic structure and is a sound basis for genetic studies. The proposed methods can be employed to analyse the genome of any autopolyploid and will permit the future development of high-quality genetic maps to assist in the assembly of reference genome sequences for polyploid species. DA - 2013/12// PY - 2013/12// DO - 10.1038/srep03399 VL - 3 IS - 1 J2 - Sci Rep LA - en OP - SN - 2045-2322 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep03399 DB - Crossref ER - TY - RPRT TI - Stormwater Wetlands for Golf Courses AU - Bass, K. AU - Burchell, M. AU - Evans, R. AU - Hunt, W. AU - Line, D. AU - Seth Carley, D. A3 - North Carolina Extension DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// M1 - AG-765 PB - North Carolina Extension SN - AG-765 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Food Webs and Food Sovereignty: Research Agenda for Sustainability AU - Francis, Charles AU - Miller, Michelle AU - Anderson, Molly AU - Creamer, Nancy AU - Wander, Michelle AU - Park, Jacob AU - Greene, Thomas AU - McCown, Brent T2 - Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development AB - Future food production will be constrained by the scarcity of fossil fuel and fresh water as well as increasing intensity and unpredictability of weather events and climate changes. The assurance of food security and equity for many consumers is complicated by concentration of ownership of land and other production resources, as well as a global corporate food systems model that is driven by profit at the expense of people and the environment. To assess potential alternatives to the contemporary global food chain, well focused research is needed on local food production and food webs where small- and midscale family farms provide economic viability for rural communities and their regions. We suggest multiple and integrative research priorities in production, enterprise, and farm economics, environmental impacts of farming at different scales, and social and community consequences of value adding and economic multipliers in local food webs and systems as well as the structure of agriculture. Research into key questions on food security and how it relates to increased food sovereignty is clearly needed to assess creative food system alternatives for the future. DA - 2013/8/20/ PY - 2013/8/20/ DO - 10.5304/jafscd.2013.034.010 SP - 1-7 J2 - JAFSCD OP - SN - 2152-0801 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2013.034.010 DB - Crossref KW - food economics KW - food environmental impacts KW - food production KW - food systems KW - food systems research KW - rural communities ER - TY - JOUR TI - Vegetable Cultivar Descriptions for North America List 27 2013 AU - Wehner, Todd C. AU - Mou, Beiquan T2 - HortScience DA - 2013/2// PY - 2013/2// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.48.2.245 VL - 48 IS - 2 SP - 245-286 OP - SN - 0018-5345 2327-9834 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.48.2.245 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of Host Plant Resistance and Fungicides on Severity of Cucumber Downy Mildew AU - Call, Adam D. AU - Wehner, Todd C. AU - Holmes, Gerald J. AU - Ojiambo, Peter S. T2 - HortScience AB - Cucurbit downy mildew caused by the oomycete Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk. And Curt) Rostov is a major disease of cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) (Palti and Cohen, 1980) globally. Chemical control of downy mildew is necessary to achieve high yields in the absence of adequate host plant resistance. Most of the currently grown cultivars have some resistance to downy mildew. Before the resurgence of the disease in 2004, host plant resistance was sufficient to control the disease without fungicide use, and downy mildew was only a minor problem on cucumber. There are currently no cultivars that show resistance at a level equal to that observed before 2004. However, differences in resistance exist among cultivars, ranging from moderately resistant to highly susceptible. In this study, we evaluated the disease severity and yield of four cucumber cultivars that differed in disease resistance and were treated with fungicide programs representing a range of efficacy levels. The experiment was a split plot design with six replications and four years. Disease was evaluated as chlorosis, necrosis, and reduction in plant size on a 0 to 9 scale. Cultigen had a large effect in all four years. Fungicide has a smaller effect on resistance component traits and a larger effect on yield traits. The effects of cultivar resistance and fungicides appear to be additive until a threshold where maximum yield is reached. Highly resistant cultigens such as PI 197088 required only the least effective fungicides to achieve highest yields, whereas moderately resistant cultigens required a more effective fungicide to reach a similar level of yield. Susceptible cultigens did not achieve high yield even with the most effective fungicide treatments. It is likely that, even as highly resistant cultivars are released, growers will need to continue a minimal fungicide program to achieve maximum yield. DA - 2013/1// PY - 2013/1// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.48.1.53 VL - 48 IS - 1 SP - 53-59 OP - SN - 0018-5345 2327-9834 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.48.1.53 DB - Crossref KW - Cucumis sativus KW - Pseudoperonospora cubensis KW - disease ER - TY - JOUR TI - Improved Sparse Multi-Class SVM and Its Application for Gene Selection in Cancer Classification AU - Huang, Lingkang AU - Zhang, Hao Helen AU - Zeng, Zhao-Bang AU - Bushel, Pierre R. T2 - Cancer Informatics AB - Microarray techniques provide promising tools for cancer diagnosis using gene expression profiles. However, molecular diagnosis based on high-throughput platforms presents great challenges due to the overwhelming number of variables versus the small sample size and the complex nature of multi-type tumors. Support vector machines (SVMs) have shown superior performance in cancer classification due to their ability to handle high dimensional low sample size data. The multi-class SVM algorithm of Crammer and Singer provides a natural framework for multi-class learning. Despite its effective performance, the procedure utilizes all variables without selection. In this paper, we propose to improve the procedure by imposing shrinkage penalties in learning to enforce solution sparsity.The original multi-class SVM of Crammer and Singer is effective for multi-class classification but does not conduct variable selection. We improved the method by introducing soft-thresholding type penalties to incorporate variable selection into multi-class classification for high dimensional data. The new methods were applied to simulated data and two cancer gene expression data sets. The results demonstrate that the new methods can select a small number of genes for building accurate multi-class classification rules. Furthermore, the important genes selected by the methods overlap significantly, suggesting general agreement among different variable selection schemes.High accuracy and sparsity make the new methods attractive for cancer diagnostics with gene expression data and defining targets of therapeutic intervention.The source MATLAB code are available from http://math.arizona.edu/~hzhang/software.html. DA - 2013/1// PY - 2013/1// DO - 10.4137/cin.s10212 VL - 12 SP - CIN.S10212 J2 - Cancer Inform LA - en OP - SN - 1176-9351 1176-9351 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/cin.s10212 DB - Crossref KW - support vector machine (SVM) KW - multi-class SVM KW - variable selection KW - shrinkage methods KW - classification KW - microarray KW - cancer classification ER - TY - RPRT TI - Composting at NC residential and summer camps AU - Sherman, R. AU - Caldwell, E. DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// M1 - AG‐773. SN - AG‐773. ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evolution of a pesticide safety website-Cooperative Extension agents help define target audience needs AU - Church, C.S. AU - Stinner, R.E. AU - Buhler, W.G. AU - Bradley, L.K. T2 - Acta Horticulturae DA - 2013/6// PY - 2013/6// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2013.999.30 VL - 6 IS - 999 SP - 221-225 SN - 0567-7572 2406-6168 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2013.999.30 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Pruning Trees & Shrubs: Tools to Make the Cut AU - Fair, B.A. AU - Bradley, L.K. AU - LeBude, A.V. A3 - North Carolina Cooperative Extension DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// M1 - AG-780-02 PB - North Carolina Cooperative Extension SN - AG-780-02 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Pruning Trees & Shrubs: How to Prune Specific Plants AU - Fair, B.A. AU - Bradley, L.K. AU - LeBude, A.V. A3 - North Carolina Cooperative Extension DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// M1 - AG-780-04 PB - North Carolina Cooperative Extension SN - AG-780-04 UR - http://cals.ncsu.edu/hort_sci/extension/documents/AG_780-04_20130904.pdf ER - TY - RPRT TI - Pruning Trees & Shrubs: General Pruning Techniques AU - Fair, B.A. AU - Bradley, L.K. AU - LeBude, A.V. A3 - North Carolina Cooperative Extension DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// M1 - AG-780-03 PB - North Carolina Cooperative Extension SN - AG-780-03 UR - http://cals.ncsu.edu/hort_sci/extension/documents/AG_780-03_20130904.pdf ER - TY - RPRT TI - Pruning Trees & Shrubs: Before the Cut AU - Fair, B.A. AU - Bradley, L.K. AU - LeBude, A.V. A3 - North Carolina Cooperative Extension DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// M1 - AG-780-01 PB - North Carolina Cooperative Extension SN - AG-780-01 UR - http://cals.ncsu.edu/hort_sci/extension/documents/AG_780-01_20130904.pdf ER - TY - RPRT TI - How to organize an allotment community garden AU - Bradley, L.K. AU - Baldwin, K. A3 - NC State Cooperative Extension DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// M1 - AG-727 PB - NC State Cooperative Extension SN - AG-727 UR - http://cals.ncsu.edu/hort_sci/extension/documents/ag-727.pdf ER - TY - CHAP TI - Herbicide injury AU - Monks, D.W. AU - Shankle, M.W. AU - Jennings, K.M. T2 - Compendium of Sweetpotato Diseases, Pests, and Disorders A2 - Clark, C.A. A2 - Smith, T.P. A2 - Ferrin, D.M. A2 - Holmes, G.J. PY - 2013/// ET - 2nd SP - 110–119 PB - APS Press ER - TY - JOUR TI - Permaculture in Community Gardens: A Systems-based Approach to Engaged Design AU - Piner, A.E. AU - Bradley, L.K. AU - Hooker, W.E. AU - Sherk, J.T. T2 - HortScience DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// VL - 48 IS - 9 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Residential children's landscapes: connecting with nature in the backyard. AU - Keys, E.B. AU - Lindsey, P. AU - Bradley, L.K. AU - Werner, D. AU - Driscoll, E. T2 - Acta Horticulturae DA - 2013/6// PY - 2013/6// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2013.999.10 VL - 6 IS - 999 SP - 81-88 SN - 0567-7572 2406-6168 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2013.999.10 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Characteristics of Extension demonstration gardens AU - Glen, C. AU - Moore, G.E. AU - Jayaratne, K.S.U. AU - Bradley, L.K. T2 - Journal of Extension DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// VL - 51 IS - 2 UR - http://www.joe.org/joe/2013april/rb8.php ER - TY - JOUR TI - Lycopene Estimation in Tomato Lines Using Infrared Absorbance and Tomato Analyzer AU - Panthee, Dilip R. AU - Perkins-Veazie, Penelope AU - Randall, Dan AU - Brown, Allan F. T2 - International Journal of Vegetable Science AB - The color of red tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is mostly from the carotenoid pigment lycopene, which is of interest to consumers and the tomato industry because of its purported protective effects against diabetes, cardiovascular events, and some cancers. Lycopene content was measured in at least 179 tomato lines with pink, red, and dark red fruit derived from a diverse genetic background to determine the level of variation for lycopene and to develop prediction models. Two methods (Tomato Analyzer or DigiEye) for quantifying total lycopene and to develop prediction models were tested on tomato fruit to find a high throughput lycopene measurement system suitable for screening hundreds of lines in a breeding program. The tomato lycopene content ranged from 28 to 133 mg•kg−1 of tomato sample, indicating a wide variation in the set of tomato lines. Using this variation, lycopene prediction models were developed. Though a single equation could not be developed using data from the DigiEye or Tomato Analyzer to predict lycopene content of tomato fruit, individual equations within color groups proved useful in predicting lycopene content (r = 0.77, P < 0.05). Our data indicate that rapid analysis of tomato fruit, kept relatively intact, can be done to accurately predict lycopene content in a wide range of fruit colors. DA - 2013/7/3/ PY - 2013/7/3/ DO - 10.1080/19315260.2012.715324 VL - 19 IS - 3 SP - 240-255 J2 - International Journal of Vegetable Science LA - en OP - SN - 1931-5260 1931-5279 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19315260.2012.715324 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - RAPD Markers Linked to Late Blight Resistance in Tomato AU - Joshi, Bal K AU - Panthee, Dilip R AU - Louws, Frank J AU - Yencho, G Craig AU - Sosinski, Bryon AU - Arellano, Consuelo T2 - Nepal Journal of Science and Technology AB - Identification of marker is the prerequisite for marker assisted selection (MAS) and is also very effective for gene pyramiding. Bulked Segregant Analysis (BSA) technique was used to identify RAPD markers linked to the late blight disease (caused by Phytopthora infestans (Mont. de Bary) resistance in tomato using F2 population generated by crossing tomato inbred lines, NC 85L-1W(2007) which is resistant to late blight and NC 839-2(2007)-1 which is susceptible to it. A total of 250 F2 plants, and 10 plants each of the parents and F1 were used for BSA. Transgressive segregation was observed for late blight resistance. The segregation of susceptible and resistance perfectly fit the expected ratio of 3:1, that means resistance is governed by single recessive gene. Only 34 RAPD primers (17.26%) were found polymorphic between parents. Sixteen RAPD primers (47%) out of 34 gave polymorphic bands between resistant and susceptible bulks of the late blight. Four RAPD primers, namely MRTOMR-026, MRTOMR-031, MRTOMR-038 and MRTOMR-046 were identified as linked markers to loci related to late blight disease. Among those, two were linked to susceptible and two to resistance. Because of low reproducibility and dominant nature of RAPD, these markers need to be converted to SCAR markers. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 14, No. 1 (2013) 1-14 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v14i1.8871 DA - 2013/10/10/ PY - 2013/10/10/ DO - 10.3126/njst.v14i1.8871 VL - 14 IS - 1 SP - 1-14 J2 - Nepal Journal of Science and Technology OP - SN - 1994-1412 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v14i1.8871 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Overexpression of a soybean salicylic acid methyltransferase gene confers resistance to soybean cyst nematode AU - Lin, J. AU - Mazarei, M. AU - Zhao, N. AU - Zhu, J.J. AU - Zhuang, X. AU - Liu, W. AU - Pantalone, V.R. AU - Arelli, P.R. AU - Stewart, C.N. AU - Chen, F. T2 - Plant Biotechnology Journal AB - Summary Salicylic acid plays a critical role in activating plant defence responses after pathogen attack. Salicylic acid methyltransferase (SAMT) modulates the level of salicylic acid by converting salicylic acid to methyl salicylate. Here, we report that a SAMT gene from soybean ( GmSAMT1 ) plays a role in soybean defence against soybean cyst nematode ( Heterodera glycines Ichinohe, SCN). GmSAMT1 was identified as a candidate SCN defence‐related gene in our previous analysis of soybean defence against SCN using GeneChip microarray experiments. The current study started with the isolation of the full‐length cDNA s of GmSAMT1 from a SCN‐resistant soybean line and from a SCN‐susceptible soybean line. The two cDNA s encode proteins of identical sequences. The GmSAMT1 cDNA was expressed in Escherichia coli . Using in vitro enzyme assays, E. coli ‐expressed GmSAMT1 was confirmed to function as salicylic acid methyltransferase. The apparent Km value of GmSAMT1 for salicylic acid was approximately 46 μ m . To determine the role of GmSAMT1 in soybean defence against SCN, transgenic hairy roots overexpressing GmSAMT1 were produced and tested for SCN resistance. Overexpression of GmSAMT1 in SCN‐susceptible backgrounds significantly reduced the development of SCN, indicating that overexpression of GmSAMT1 in the transgenic hairy root system could confer resistance to SCN. Overexpression of GmSAMT1 in transgenic hairy roots was also found to affect the expression of selected genes involved in salicylic acid biosynthesis and salicylic acid signal transduction. DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// DO - 10.1111/pbi.12108 VL - 11 IS - 9 SP - 1135-1145 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84888136842&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - methyl salicylate KW - transgenic hairy roots KW - soybean KW - Heterodera glycines ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bacterial pathogen phytosensing in transgenic tobacco and Arabidopsis plants AU - Liu, Wusheng AU - Mazarei, Mitra AU - Rudis, Mary R. AU - Fethe, Michael H. AU - Peng, Yanhui AU - Millwood, Reginald J. AU - Schoene, Gisele AU - Burris, Jason N. AU - Stewart, C. Neal, Jr T2 - Plant Biotechnology Journal AB - Plants are subject to attack by a wide range of phytopathogens. Current pathogen detection methods and technologies are largely constrained to those occurring post-symptomatically. Recent efforts were made to generate plant sentinels (phytosensors) that can be used for sensing and reporting pathogen contamination in crops. Engineered phytosensors indicating the presence of plant pathogens as early-warning sentinels potentially have tremendous utility as wide-area detectors. We previously showed that synthetic promoters containing pathogen and/or defence signalling inducible cis-acting regulatory elements (RE) fused to a fluorescent protein (FP) reporter could detect phytopathogenic bacteria in a transient phytosensing system. Here, we further advanced this phytosensing system by developing stable transgenic tobacco and Arabidopsis plants containing candidate constructs. The inducibility of each synthetic promoter was examined in response to biotic (bacterial pathogens) or chemical (plant signal molecules salicylic acid, ethylene and methyl jasmonate) treatments using stably transgenic plants. The treated plants were visualized using epifluorescence microscopy and quantified using spectrofluorometry for FP synthesis upon induction. Time-course analyses of FP synthesis showed that both transgenic tobacco and Arabidopsis plants were capable to respond in predictable ways to pathogen and chemical treatments. These results provide insights into the potential applications of transgenic plants as phytosensors and the implementation of emerging technologies for monitoring plant disease outbreaks in agricultural fields. DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// DO - 10.1111/pbi.12005 VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - 43-52 SN - 1467-7644 1467-7652 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pbi.12005 KW - Inducible regulatory element KW - synthetic promoter KW - transgenic plants KW - phytosensor KW - phytohormone KW - bacterial pathogen KW - fluorescent protein reporter ER - TY - JOUR TI - Advanced genetic tools for plant biotechnology T2 - Nature Reviews Genetics DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// DO - 10.1038/nrg3583 VL - 14 IS - 11 SP - 781-793 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84886092842&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CONF TI - Investigating genome size evolution in dogwoods (Cornus L.) using flow cytometry AU - Shearer, K. AU - Xiang, Q. AU - Ranney, T. C2 - 2013/// DA - 2013/// PB - NC State Undergraduate Research Symposium ER - TY - JOUR TI - In vitro regeneration and polyploid induction of Acer platanoides L ‘Crimson Sentry’ AU - Lattier, J.D. AU - Touchell, D.H. AU - Ranney, T.G. AU - Smith, J. T2 - Journal of Environmental Horticulture DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// VL - 31 IS - 4 SP - 246-252 ER - TY - JOUR TI - History and cytological reassessment of Rhododendron canadense AU - Lattier, J.D. AU - Ranney, T.G. AU - Lynch, N.P. T2 - Journal of the American Rhododendron Society DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// VL - 67 IS - 2 SP - 92-98 ER - TY - CONF TI - Cytometric and cytological analyses of cultivated dogwoods (Cornus spp.) AU - Shearer, K. AU - Ranney, T.G. C2 - 2013/// C3 - Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 58th Annual Report DA - 2013/// VL - 58 SP - 246–252 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Crop and field border effects on weed seed predation AU - Fox, A. AU - Reberg-Horton, S.C. AU - Orr, D. AU - Frank, S. T2 - Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Environment DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// VL - 177 SP - 58–62 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Breeding cereal crops for enhanced weed suppression: optimizing allelopathy and competitive ability AU - Worthington, M.L. AU - Reberg-Horton, S.C. T2 - Journal of Chemical Ecology DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// VL - 39 SP - 213–231 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Small mammal use of field borders planted as beneficial insect habitat AU - Moorman, C.E. AU - Plush, C.J. AU - Orr, D. AU - Reberg-Horton, C. AU - Gardner, B. T2 - Wildlife Society Bulletin DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// VL - 37 SP - 209–215 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Overwintering sparrow use of field borders planted as beneficial insect habitat AU - Plush, C.J. AU - Moorman, C.E. AU - Orr, D. AU - Reberg-Horton, C. T2 - Journal of Wildlife Management DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// VL - 77 SP - 200–206 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Overcoming weed management challenges in cover crop-based organic rotational no-till soybean production in the eastern US AU - Mirsky, S.B. AU - Ryan, M.R. AU - Teasdale, J.R. AU - Curran, W.S. AU - Reberg-Horton, S.C. AU - Spargo, J.T. T2 - Weed Technology DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// VL - 27 SP - 193–203 ER - TY - SOUND TI - 2013 On-farm Grafted Tomato Trial to Manage Bacterial Wilt AU - Suchoff, D.H. AU - Schultheis, J.R. AU - Gunter, C.C. AU - Louws, F.J. DA - 2013/10/6/ PY - 2013/10/6/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Structural Genomics AU - Deynze, Allen Van AU - Hill, Theresa AU - Ashrafi, Hamid T2 - Genetics, Genomics, and Breeding of Tomato DA - 2013/1// PY - 2013/1// DO - 10.1201/b14578-10 SP - 327-344 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Identification of QTLs for capsaicinoids, fruit quality, and plant architecture-related traits in an interspecific Capsicum RIL population AU - Yarnes, Shawn C. AU - Ashrafi, Hamid AU - Reyes-Chin-Wo, Sebastian AU - Hill, Theresa A. AU - Stoffel, Kevin M. AU - Deynze, Allen Van T2 - Genome AB - Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analyses in pepper are common for horticultural, disease resistance, and fruit quality traits; although none of the studies to date have used sequence-based markers associated with genes. In this study we measured plant architectural, phenological, and fruit quality traits in a pepper mapping population consisting of 92 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between Capsicum frutescens acc. 2814-6 and C. annuum var. NuMexRNAKY. Phenotypic measurements were correlated to loci in a high-density EST-based genetic map. In total, 96 QTL were identified for 38 traits, including 12 QTL associated with capsaicinoid levels. Twenty-one loci showed correlation among seemingly unrelated phenotypic categories, highlighting tight linkage or shared genetics between previously unassociated traits in pepper. DA - 2013/1// PY - 2013/1// DO - 10.1139/gen-2012-0083 VL - 56 IS - 1 SP - 61-74 KW - Capsicum frutescens KW - Capsicum annuum KW - pepper KW - phenology KW - capsaicinoids KW - fruit quality ER - TY - JOUR TI - Characterization of Capsicum annuum Genetic Diversity and Population Structure Based on Parallel Polymorphism Discovery with a 30K Unigene Pepper GeneChip AU - Hill, Theresa A. AU - Ashrafi, Hamid AU - Reyes-Chin-Wo, Sebastian AU - Yao, JiQiang AU - Stoffel, Kevin AU - Truco, Maria-Jose AU - Kozik, Alexander AU - Michelmore, Richard W. AU - Deynze, Allen Van T2 - PLoS ONE AB - The widely cultivated pepper, Capsicum spp., important as a vegetable and spice crop world-wide, is one of the most diverse crops. To enhance breeding programs, a detailed characterization of Capsicum diversity including morphological, geographical and molecular data is required. Currently, molecular data characterizing Capsicum genetic diversity is limited. The development and application of high-throughput genome-wide markers in Capsicum will facilitate more detailed molecular characterization of germplasm collections, genetic relationships, and the generation of ultra-high density maps. We have developed the Pepper GeneChip® array from Affymetrix for polymorphism detection and expression analysis in Capsicum. Probes on the array were designed from 30,815 unigenes assembled from expressed sequence tags (ESTs). Our array design provides a maximum redundancy of 13 probes per base pair position allowing integration of multiple hybridization values per position to detect single position polymorphism (SPP). Hybridization of genomic DNA from 40 diverse C. annuum lines, used in breeding and research programs, and a representative from three additional cultivated species (C. frutescens, C. chinense and C. pubescens) detected 33,401 SPP markers within 13,323 unigenes. Among the C. annuum lines, 6,426 SPPs covering 3,818 unigenes were identified. An estimated three-fold reduction in diversity was detected in non-pungent compared with pungent lines, however, we were able to detect 251 highly informative markers across these C. annuum lines. In addition, an 8.7 cM region without polymorphism was detected around Pun1 in non-pungent C. annuum. An analysis of genetic relatedness and diversity using the software Structure revealed clustering of the germplasm which was confirmed with statistical support by principle components analysis (PCA) and phylogenetic analysis. This research demonstrates the effectiveness of parallel high-throughput discovery and application of genome-wide transcript-based markers to assess genetic and genomic features among Capsicum annuum. DA - 2013/2/8/ PY - 2013/2/8/ DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0056200 VL - 8 IS - 2 SP - e56200 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Insights into the Evolution of Cotton Diploids and Polyploids from Whole-Genome Re-sequencing AU - Page, Justin T. AU - Huynh, Mark D. AU - Liechty, Zach S. AU - Grupp, Kara AU - Stelly, David AU - Hulse, Amanda M. AU - Ashrafi, Hamid AU - Deynze, Allen Van AU - Wendel, Jonathan F. AU - Udall, Joshua A. T2 - G3&#58; Genes|Genomes|Genetics AB - Understanding the composition, evolution, and function of the Gossypium hirsutum (cotton) genome is complicated by the joint presence of two genomes in its nucleus (AT and DT genomes). These two genomes were derived from progenitor A-genome and D-genome diploids involved in ancestral allopolyploidization. To better understand the allopolyploid genome, we re-sequenced the genomes of extant diploid relatives that contain the A1 (Gossypium herbaceum), A2 (Gossypium arboreum), or D5 (Gossypium raimondii) genomes. We conducted a comparative analysis using deep re-sequencing of multiple accessions of each diploid species and identified 24 million SNPs between the A-diploid and D-diploid genomes. These analyses facilitated the construction of a robust index of conserved SNPs between the A-genomes and D-genomes at all detected polymorphic loci. This index is widely applicable for read mapping efforts of other diploid and allopolyploid Gossypium accessions. Further analysis also revealed locations of putative duplications and deletions in the A-genome relative to the D-genome reference sequence. The approximately 25,400 deleted regions included more than 50% deletion of 978 genes, including many involved with starch synthesis. In the polyploid genome, we also detected 1,472 conversion events between homoeologous chromosomes, including events that overlapped 113 genes. Continued characterization of the Gossypium genomes will further enhance our ability to manipulate fiber and agronomic production of cotton. DA - 2013/8// PY - 2013/8// DO - 10.1534/g3.113.007229 VL - 3 IS - 10 SP - 1809-1818 KW - cotton fiber KW - comparative genomics KW - molecular evolution KW - allopolyploid ER - TY - JOUR TI - An Ultra-High-Density, Transcript-Based, Genetic Map of Lettuce AU - Truco, Maria José AU - Ashrafi, Hamid AU - Kozik, Alexander AU - Leeuwen, Hans AU - Bowers, John AU - Wo, Sebastian Reyes Chin AU - Stoffel, Kevin AU - Xu, Huaqin AU - Hill, Theresa AU - Deynze, Allen Van AU - Michelmore, Richard W. T2 - G3&#58; Genes|Genomes|Genetics AB - Abstract We have generated an ultra-high-density genetic map for lettuce, an economically important member of the Compositae, consisting of 12,842 unigenes (13,943 markers) mapped in 3696 genetic bins distributed over nine chromosomal linkage groups. Genomic DNA was hybridized to a custom Affymetrix oligonucleotide array containing 6.4 million features representing 35,628 unigenes of Lactuca spp. Segregation of single-position polymorphisms was analyzed using 213 F7:8 recombinant inbred lines that had been generated by crossing cultivated Lactuca sativa cv. Salinas and L. serriola acc. US96UC23, the wild progenitor species of L. sativa. The high level of replication of each allele in the recombinant inbred lines was exploited to identify single-position polymorphisms that were assigned to parental haplotypes. Marker information has been made available using GBrowse to facilitate access to the map. This map has been anchored to the previously published integrated map of lettuce providing candidate genes for multiple phenotypes. The high density of markers achieved in this ultradense map allowed syntenic studies between lettuce and Vitis vinifera as well as other plant species. DA - 2013/3/11/ PY - 2013/3/11/ DO - 10.1534/g3.112.004929 VL - 3 IS - 4 SP - 617-631 KW - Lactuca sativa KW - microarray KW - linkage analysis KW - recombination ER - TY - SOUND TI - Resolving Tight Linkages Around Renlon by MAS for High-resolution Recombination in Chromosome-11 AU - Zheng, Xiuting AU - Wang, Fei AU - Hoegenauer, Kevin A. AU - Quintana, Jose AU - Ashrafi, Hamid AU - Stelly, David AU - Bell, Alois A. AU - Deynze, Allen Van AU - Jones, Don C. AU - Nichols, Robert L. DA - 2013/1/12/ PY - 2013/1/12/ M3 - poster N1 - Poster P4053 RN - Poster P4053 ER - TY - SOUND TI - Genome-wide SNP Development and Validation for Intraspecific SNPs in Upland Cotton AU - Hulse, Amanda M. AU - Hoegenauer, Kevin A. AU - Ashrafi, Hamid AU - Wang, Fei AU - Stelly, David AU - Deynze, Allen Van AU - Hinze, Lori AU - Yu, John Z. AU - Fang, David AU - Pepper, Alan E. AU - Udall, Joshua A. AU - Chen, Jeffrey AU - Jones, Don C. DA - 2013/1/12/ PY - 2013/1/12/ M3 - poster N1 - Poster P0761 RN - Poster P0761 ER - TY - CONF TI - Vase life of new cut flowers AU - Dole, J. M. AU - Carlson, A. S. AU - Crawford, B. D. AU - McCall, I. F. C2 - 2013/// C3 - Vii international symposium on new floricultural crops DA - 2013/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2013.1000.6 VL - 1000 SP - 63-70 ER - TY - CONF TI - Postharvest handling of 'Cut Renaissance', 'Winter Rose Early' and 'Jester' poinsettias AU - Dole, J. M. AU - McCall, I. F. AU - Kobayashi, R. AB - Much work has been previously done on Euphorbia ‘Renaissance Red’ as a cut flower grown for its large inflorescence of curly red bracts. In the current studies ‘Renaissance Marble’, ‘Renaissance Peppermint’, and ‘Renaissance Pink’ had a consumer vase life of 20.1 to 35.0 days and a wholesale vase life of 5.8 to 11.3 days, which was comparable to ‘Renaissance Red’ when flowers were harvested and placed in vases filled with deionized water. ‘Renaissance Pink’ tolerated dry storage in floral boxes and/or 24-hours of 2°C storage, but ‘Renaissance Marble’ vase life was reduced by storage in water or 2°C storage. For ‘Renaissance Peppermint’ 2°C storage reduced the vase life; however, consumer vase life was still 16.6 to 19.7 days when foliage was removed. While Winter Rose Early (WRE) cultivars produced up to 1.6 more stems per pot than ‘Renaissance Peppermint’ and ‘Renaissance Red’ cultivars, the WRE stems were much shorter than the Renaissance stems. All of the WRE cultivars had a consumer vase life of at least 22 days in any of the treatments, which was not affected by storage temperature, storage conditions, or foliage removal. Wholesale vase life for all three cultivars ranged from 8.3 to 14.0 days and was generally reduced if the stems had leaves. When stored at 20°C for 24 hours in water, ‘Jester Red’ had the longest consumer vase life of the Jester cultivars, 23.9 to 30.0 days, while ‘Jester Marble’ and ‘Jester Pink’ had a shorter vase life of only 10.1 to 16.5 days. Wholesale vase life was much shorter for all three cultivars and varied from 2.0 to 4.8 days. Jester cultivars and ‘Renaissance Red’ flowers did not tolerate 2 or 4 weeks of 10°C dry storage. Jester and WRE cultivars were sensitive to chilling damage at 2°C. C2 - 2013/// C3 - Vii international symposium on new floricultural crops DA - 2013/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2013.1000.38 VL - 1000 SP - 285-292 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Incidence of end rots and internal necrosis in sweetpotato is affected by cultivar, curing, and ethephon defoliation AU - Clark, C. A. AU - Silva, W. L. AU - Arancibia, R. A. AU - Main, J. L. AU - Schultheis, J. R. AU - van-Esbroecle, Z. P. AU - Jiang, C. AU - Smith, J. T2 - HortTechnology DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// VL - 23 IS - 6 SP - 886-897 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Greenhouse and landscape growth of tiger lily cultivars following flurprimidol preplant bulb soaks AU - Barnes, J. AU - Whipker, B. AU - Buhler, W. AU - McCall, I. T2 - HortTechnology DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// VL - 23 IS - 6 SP - 820-822 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Extension Master Gardener volunteers: The key to physical and financial management of demonstration gardens. AU - Glen, C.D. AU - Moore, G.E. AU - Jayaratne, K.S.U. AU - Bradley, L.K. A3 - International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS) C6 - 999 DA - 2013/6// PY - 2013/6// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2013.999.22 VL - 999 SP - 161-167 PB - International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS) UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2013.999.22 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Testing, promoting, and launching a mobile application as an extension tool: A case study with IPMPro AU - Fulcher, A. AU - White, S. A. AU - Chong, J. H. AU - Neal, J. C. AU - Williams-Woodward, J. L. AU - Adkins, C. R. AU - Braman, S. K. AU - Chappell, M. R. AU - Derr, J. F. AU - Dunwell, W. C. AU - Frank, S. D. AU - Gill, S. A. AU - Hale, F. A. AU - Klingeman, W. E. AU - LeBude, A. V. AU - Rane, K. T2 - HortTechnology DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// VL - 23 IS - 4 SP - 407-410 ER - TY - CONF TI - Strategies for developing sustainable substrates in nursery crop production AU - Bilderback, Theodore AU - Riley, E. D. AU - Jackson, B. E. AU - Kraus, Helen AU - Fonteno, W. C. AU - Owen, J. S. AU - Altland, J. AU - Fain, G. B. AB - A comprehensive literature search of industrial and agricultural by-products to replace or extend existing soilless substrate components would produce a seemingly endless list of materials from “garbage” to a plethora of manure-based composts that have been tested both in the laboratory and in crop response studies throughout the world. Many of these alternatives have shown promise, but limiting factors for integration and use of the alternatives substrate components continue to include: regional or national availability; transport costs; handling costs; lack of a uniform and consistent product; guidelines for preparation and use of materials or impact on current crop production practices. If a product can overcome the above limitations, then researchers are tasked with documenting substrate physical or chemical characteristics. The objective in all studies is to maintain or increase growth of nursery crops and to extend the longevity and acceptable physical properties for long-term woody ornamental crops. Proof of results is determined using laboratory analyses and crop growth studies. Physiochemical properties are monitored over days, weeks, and months to ensure stability. Particle size distribution and varying ratios of substrate components are manipulated to achieve optimal air filled porosity and available water content. Soilless substrates are amended with lime, sulfur and nutrients or blended with other substrate components to provide optimal chemical characteristics. Additionally, substrates are evaluated under industry conditions to determine impact on water, nutrient and pest management to better understand obstacles to commercial adoption. C2 - 2013/// C3 - International symposium on growing media, composting and substrate analysis DA - 2013/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2013.1013.2 VL - 1013 SP - 43–56 ER - TY - CONF TI - Root growth of horticultural crops as influenced by pine bark age, wood, and sand amendment (c) AU - Yap, T. C. AU - Jackson, B. E. C2 - 2013/// C3 - Proceedings of the international plant propagators' society DA - 2013/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2013.1014.98 VL - 1014 SP - 443-446 ER - TY - CONF TI - Pine wood chips as an alternative to perlite: Cultural parameters to consider (c) AU - Owen, W. G. AU - Jackson, B. E. AU - Fonteno, W. C. AU - Whipker, B. E. C2 - 2013/// C3 - Proceedings of the international plant propagators' society DA - 2013/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2013.1014.77 VL - 1014 SP - 345-349 ER - TY - CONF TI - Pine bark physical properties influenced by bark source and age (c) AU - Fields, J. S. AU - Jackson, B. E. AU - Fonteno, W. C. C2 - 2013/// C3 - Proceedings of the international plant propagators' society DA - 2013/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2013.1014.96 VL - 1014 SP - 433-437 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Novel Methods for Observing and Quantifying Root Growth of Horticultural Crops (c) AU - Judd, Lesley A. AU - Jackson, Brian E. AU - Fonteno, William C. T2 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL PLANT PROPAGATORS' SOCIETY DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2013.1014.88 VL - 1014 SP - 389-394 SN - 0567-7572 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mechanized Harvest of Southern Highbush Blueberries for the Fresh Market: An Introduction and Overview of the Workshop Proceedings AU - Williamson, Jeffrey G. AU - Cline, William O. T2 - HORTTECHNOLOGY AB - "Mechanized Harvest of Southern Highbush Blueberries for the Fresh Market: An Introduction and Overview of the Workshop Proceedings" published on Aug 2013 by American Society for Horticultural Science. DA - 2013/8// PY - 2013/8// DO - 10.21273/horttech.23.4.416 VL - 23 IS - 4 SP - 416-418 SN - 1943-7714 KW - Vaccinium KW - rabbiteye KW - mechanical harvesting KW - fruit quality KW - postharvest storage KW - fruit firmness ER - TY - JOUR TI - Developing a mobile application as an extension education tool: A case study using IPMPro AU - Fulcher, A. AU - Chong, J. H. AU - White, S. A. AU - Neal, J. C. AU - Williams-Woodward, J. L. AU - Adkins, C. R. AU - Braman, S. K. AU - Chappell, M. R. AU - Derr, J. F. AU - Dunwell, W. C. AU - Frank, S. D. AU - Gill, S. A. AU - Hale, F. A. AU - Klingeman, W. E. AU - LeBude, A. V. AU - Rane, K. T2 - HortTechnology DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// VL - 23 IS - 4 SP - 402-406 ER - TY - CONF TI - A pragmatic approach to wettability and hydration of horticultural substrates AU - Fonteno, W. C. AU - Fields, J. S. AU - Jackson, B. E. C2 - 2013/// C3 - International symposium on growing media, composting and substrate analysis DA - 2013/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2013.1013.15 VL - 1013 SP - 139-146 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Watermelon Quality Traits as Affected by Ploidy AU - Davis, Angela R. AU - Webber, Charles L., III AU - Liu, Wenge AU - Perkins-Veazie, Penelope AU - Levi, Amnon AU - King, Stephen T2 - HORTSCIENCE AB - High-quality, high-phytonutrient watermelons [ Citrullus lanatus (Thumb.), Matsum & Nakai] have strong market opportunities. To produce highly nutritious fruit in a seedless triploid market, the nature of phytonutrient accumulation as affected by ploidy must be understood. The present study performed on six field-grown watermelon diploid (2n) inbred lines, their induced autotetraploids (4n), and autotriploids (3n) determined the importance of ploidy on quality and nutritional content. Lycopene, total soluble solids (TSS), L-citrulline (hereafter referred to as citrulline), glutathione (GSH), weight, width, and length were measured in ripe fruit from one location. Our findings contradict some previous manuscripts, which did not use diploid inbred lines and their induced autoploidy relatives. Of the traits we analyzed that did not have a family-by-ploidy interaction (citrulline, GSH, weight, and width), we determined citrulline levels were not significantly affected by ploidy in five of six families nor was there a significant correlation when all family’s citrulline values were averaged. Previous studies on field-grown fruit that did not use autoploidy lines suggested triploid fruit had more citrulline than diploid fruit. GSH was higher in autotriploid than in diploid or autotetraploid (95.0 vs. 66.9 or 66.7 μg·g −1 GSH, respectively). Additionally, we found an association with higher GSH in larger fruit. Autotriploid fruit were, in general, heavier and wider than diploid and autotetraploid fruit, and autotetraploid fruit were generally smaller than diploid fruit. Of the traits we analyzed that had a family by ploidy interaction (lycopene, TSS, and length), we determined within four families, ploidy affected lycopene concentration, but whether this interaction is positive or negative was family-dependent. These data suggest the triploid state alone does not give fruit higher lycopene concentrations. The mean TSS was higher in autotetraploid than in autotriploid, which was again higher than in diploid fruit averaged across families (10.5%, 10.2%, and 9.5% TSS, respectively); there was a family × ploidy interaction so the significance of this increase is affected by the triploid’s parents. Lycopene and TSS had a slight positive correlation. Four of six families showed no statistical correlation between ploidy and length, and although mean length across family demonstrated smaller tetraploid fruit, the family-by-ploidy interaction demonstrates that this observation is family-dependent. Length and width correlate well with weight when combining data for all ploidy levels and when analyzing each ploidy separately. Length correlates more closely with width in autotriploid fruit than in diploid or autotetraploid fruit. DA - 2013/9// PY - 2013/9// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.48.9.1113 VL - 48 IS - 9 SP - 1113-1118 SN - 2327-9834 KW - Citrullus lanatus KW - total soluble solids KW - BRIX KW - L-citrulline KW - lycopene KW - glutathione KW - GSH ER - TY - JOUR TI - Inheritance of Resistance to Powdery Mildew Race 2 in Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus AU - Tetteh, Antonia Y. AU - Wehner, Todd C. AU - Davis, Angela R. T2 - HORTSCIENCE AB - Information on the mode of inheritance of powdery mildew resistance in watermelon is important for designing a breeding strategy for the development of new cultivars. Resistance in the watermelon accession PI 270545 was investigated by generation means analysis by crossing it with susceptible PI 267677. The analyses showed involvement of two genes, a recessive resistance gene, pmr- 1, and a dominant gene for moderate resistance, Pmr- 2. Resistance to powdery mildew in the leaf had a large dominance effect and a heritability of 71%. The additive-dominance model was inadequate in explaining variation in leaf resistance as revealed by the joint scaling test. However, nonallelic interactions could not be detected by the nonweighted six-parameter scaling test. For stem resistance, the additive-dominance model was adequate, and inheritance was controlled mainly by additive effects. A high narrow-sense heritability of 79% suggested that selection for stem resistance in early generations would be effective. DA - 2013/10// PY - 2013/10// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.48.10.1227 VL - 48 IS - 10 SP - 1227-1230 SN - 2327-9834 KW - breeding KW - generation means analysis KW - narrow sense heritability KW - plant disease KW - watermelon ER - TY - JOUR TI - Gone Global: Familiar and Exotic Cucurbits Have Asian Origins AU - McCreight, James D. AU - Staub, Jack E. AU - Wehner, Todd C. AU - Dhillon, Narinder P. S. T2 - HORTSCIENCE AB - Cucurbits comprise the highly diverse family known as Cucurbitaceae that includes cultivated, feral, and wild species (Robinson and Decker-Walters, 1997). Many of the cultivated species such as squash (Cucurbita ssp.), watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai], cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), and melon (Cucumis melo L.) are familiar to U.S. and world markets. Others such as bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) are less familiar in the United States. Cucurbits are cultivated more broadly than any other vegetable species after tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L. ( ). Cucurbits exhibit great genetic diversity expressed phenotypically in vegetative, e.g., plant architecture and growth habit, floral, e.g., sex expression, and fruit characters that include size, shape, skin texture, exterior and interior colors, sweetness and flavor, and postharvest shelf life. They are especially known for their fruit, which may be consumed fresh, cooked or baked, dried, or processed (Robinson and Decker-Walters, 1997). Immature or mature fruit are, depending on the species, consumed as fresh or cooked vegetables. Melon and watermelon are especially well known for their sweet, flavorful, and colorful fruit that are usually eaten fresh but may be processed in confections or jams (Fig. 1). Cucurbit seeds are edible fresh (Anon., 2012c) or dried (Fig. 1). They are a source of high-quality vegetable oil (Fig. 1) and the expressed meal is high in edible protein (Jacks et al., 1972). Roots (Gathman and Bemis, 1990) and leaves (Jensen, 2012) of some species may also be used for industrial or culinary purposes. Asia and cucurbits are intertwined. Origins of the many members of the Cucurbitaceae have been of great interest for 100+ years, some regarded as Old World (Asia and Africa), whereas others are regarded as New World (the Americas) species (for a somewhat dated overview, see Esquinas-Alcazar and Gulick, 1983). Recent analyses indicate, however, an Asian origin of the family Cucurbitaceae and numerous oversea dispersal events (Schaefer et al., 2009). India and Southeast Asia, including China, comprise the primary and secondary centers of diversity, respectively, of cucumber. India and central and southwest Asia comprise the primary center of diversity for melon with China as a secondary center of diversity (Esquinas-Alcazar and Gulick, 1983). India and Africa are primary centers of watermelon and related species (Esquinas-Alcazar and Gulick, 1983). Melon and cucumber likely moved westward overland through central Asian trade routes, collectively referred to as the Silk Road (Wild, 1992) through central Asia and the Middle East to Europe and Africa and from there onto the New World. In contrast, the center of diversity for watermelon is in Africa (Esquinas-Alcazar and Gulick, 1983); it is thought that cultivated watermelon moved from there to Asia. The center of diversity of bitter gourd is the Old World tropics with its highest diversity in India, China, and Southeast Asia (EsquinasAlcazar and Gulick, 1983). Bitter gourd likely arrived in the United States with Chinese immigrants in the 18th century. Seedless (tetraploid) watermelon, the product of an early 20th century discovery in Japan, entered the U.S. marketplace at the end of that century, where it quickly gained popularity when bred into a small fruit size background and adapted to U.S. growing conditions. Grafting of watermelon onto disease-resistant rootstocks was developed during the 1920s in Japan and Korea (Davis et al., 2008). This technology holds great promise for melon and watermelon production in the United States as the use of methyl bromide and other soil fumigants become more restricted (Davis et al., 2008). New resources, i.e., crop germplasm, and technology, e.g., tetraploidy and grafting, contribute to sustainable crop productivity (Day, 1997). We provide an overview of the positive impact of Asian cucurbit germplasm and technology on U.S. melon, cucumber, and watermelon production and the potential for bitter gourd, a relatively new commercial crop in the United States with many useful attributes. DA - 2013/9// PY - 2013/9// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.48.9.1078 VL - 48 IS - 9 SP - 1078-1089 SN - 2327-9834 KW - Citrullus lanatus KW - Cucumis hystrix KW - Cucumis melo KW - Cucumis sativus KW - germplasm KW - grafting KW - host plant resistance KW - Momordica charantia ER - TY - JOUR TI - Asian germplasm influences on American berry crops AU - Hummer, K. E. AU - Ballington, J. R. AU - Finn, C. E. AU - Davis, T. M. T2 - HortScience DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// VL - 48 IS - 9 SP - 1090-1094 ER - TY - JOUR TI - 'Mountain Vineyard' hybrid grape tomato and its parents: NC 4 Grape and NC 5 Grape tomato breeding lines AU - Panthee, D. R. AU - Gardner, R. G. T2 - HortScience DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// VL - 48 IS - 9 SP - 1189-1191 ER - TY - JOUR TI - 'Mountain Honey' hybrid grape tomato and its parent NC 6 Grape breeding line AU - Panthee, D. R. AU - Gardner, R. G. T2 - HortScience DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// VL - 48 IS - 9 SP - 1192-1194 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1-LIKE3 Signalosome Complex Regulates Arabidopsis Root Development AU - Fabregas, Norma AU - Li, Na AU - Boeren, Sjef AU - Nash, Tara E. AU - Goshe, Michael B. AU - Clouse, Steven D. AU - Vries, Sacco AU - Cano-Delgado, Ana I. T2 - PLANT CELL AB - Brassinosteroid (BR) hormones are primarily perceived at the cell surface by the leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase brassinosteroid insensitive1 (BRI1). In Arabidopsis thaliana, BRI1 has two close homologs, BRI1-LIKE1 (BRL1) and BRL3, respectively, which are expressed in the vascular tissues and regulate shoot vascular development. Here, we identify novel components of the BRL3 receptor complex in planta by immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analysis. Whereas BRI1 associated kinase1 (BAK1) and several other known BRI1 interactors coimmunoprecipitated with BRL3, no evidence was found of a direct interaction between BRI1 and BRL3. In addition, we confirmed that BAK1 interacts with the BRL1 receptor by coimmunoprecipitation and fluorescence microscopy analysis. Importantly, genetic analysis of brl1 brl3 bak1-3 triple mutants revealed that BAK1, BRL1, and BRL3 signaling modulate root growth and development by contributing to the cellular activities of provascular and quiescent center cells. This provides functional relevance to the observed protein-protein interactions of the BRL3 signalosome. Overall, our study demonstrates that cell-specific BR receptor complexes can be assembled to perform different cellular activities during plant root growth, while highlighting that immunoprecipitation of leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases in plants is a powerful approach for unveiling signaling mechanisms with cellular resolution in plant development. DA - 2013/9// PY - 2013/9// DO - 10.1105/tpc.113.114462 VL - 25 IS - 9 SP - 3377-3388 SN - 1532-298X ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Amborella Genome and the Evolution of Flowering Plants AU - Albert, Victor A. AU - Barbazuk, W. Bradley AU - dePamphilis, Claude W. AU - Der, Joshua P. AU - Leebens-Mack, James AU - Ma, Hong AU - Palmer, Jeffrey D. AU - Rounsley, Steve AU - Sankoff, David AU - Schuster, Stephan C. AU - Soltis, Douglas E. AU - Soltis, Pamela S. AU - Wessler, Susan R. AU - Wing, Rod A. AU - Albert, Victor A. AU - Ammiraju, Jetty S. S. AU - Barbazuk, W. Bradley AU - Chamala, Srikar AU - Chanderbali, Andre S. AU - dePamphilis, Claude W. AU - Der, Joshua P. AU - Determann, Ronald AU - Leebens-Mack, James AU - Ma, Hong AU - Ralph, Paula AU - Rounsley, Steve AU - Schuster, Stephan C. AU - Soltis, Douglas E. AU - Soltis, Pamela S. AU - Talag, Jason AU - Tomsho, Lynn AU - Walts, Brandon AU - Wanke, Stefan AU - Wing, Rod A. AU - Albert, Victor A. AU - Barbazuk, W. Bradley AU - Chamala, Srikar AU - Chanderbali, Andre S. AU - Chang, Tien-Hao AU - Determann, Ronald AU - Lan, Tianying AU - Soltis, Douglas E. AU - Soltis, Pamela S. AU - Arikit, Siwaret AU - Axtell, Michael J. AU - Ayyampalayam, Saravanaraj AU - Barbazuk, W. Bradley AU - Burnette, James M., III AU - Chamala, Srikar AU - De Paoli, Emanuele AU - dePamphilis, Claude W. AU - Der, Joshua P. AU - Estill, James C. AU - Farrell, Nina P. AU - Harkess, Alex AU - Jiao, Yuannian AU - Leebens-Mack, James AU - Liu, Kun AU - Mei, Wenbin AU - Meyers, Blake C. AU - Shahid, Saima AU - Wafula, Eric AU - Walts, Brandon AU - Wessler, Susan R. AU - Zhai, Jixian AU - Zhang, Xiaoyu AU - Albert, Victor A. AU - Carretero-Paulet, Lorenzo AU - dePamphilis, Claude W. AU - Der, Joshua P. AU - Jiao, Yuannian AU - Leebens-Mack, James AU - Lyons, Eric AU - Sankoff, David AU - Tang, Haibao AU - Wafula, Eric AU - Zheng, Chunfang AU - Albert, Victor A. AU - Altman, Naomi S. AU - Barbazuk, W. Bradley AU - Carretero-Paulet, Lorenzo AU - dePamphilis, Claude W. AU - Der, Joshua P. AU - Estill, James C. AU - Jiao, Yuannian AU - Leebens-Mack, James AU - Liu, Kun AU - Mei, Wenbin AU - Wafula, Eric AU - Altman, Naomi S. AU - Arikit, Siwaret AU - Axtell, Michael J. AU - Chamala, Srikar AU - Chanderbali, Andre S. AU - Chen, Feng AU - Chen, Jian-Qun AU - Chiang, Vincent AU - De Paoli, Emanuele AU - dePamphilis, Claude W. AU - Der, Joshua P. AU - Determann, Ronald AU - Fogliani, Bruno AU - Guo, Chunce AU - Harholt, Jesper AU - Harkess, Alex AU - Job, Claudette AU - Job, Dominique AU - Kim, Sangtae AU - Kong, Hongzhi AU - Leebens-Mack, James AU - Li, Guanglin AU - Li, Lin AU - Liu, Jie AU - Ma, Hong AU - Meyers, Blake C. AU - Park, Jongsun AU - Qi, Xinshuai AU - Rajjou, Loic AU - Burtet-Sarramegna, Valerie AU - Sederoff, Ron AU - Shahid, Saima AU - Soltis, Douglas E. AU - Soltis, Pamela S. AU - Sun, Ying-Hsuan AU - Ulvskov, Peter AU - Villegente, Matthieu AU - Xue, Jia-Yu AU - Yeh, Ting-Feng AU - Yu, Xianxian AU - Zhai, Jixian AU - Acosta, Juan J. AU - Albert, Victor A. AU - Barbazuk, W. Bradley AU - Bruenn, Riva A. AU - Chamala, Srikar AU - Kochko, Alexandre AU - dePamphilis, Claude W. AU - Der, Joshua P. AU - Herrera-Estrella, Luis R. AU - Ibarra-Laclette, Enrique AU - Kirst, Matias AU - Leebens-Mack, James AU - Pissis, Solon P. AU - Poncet, Valerie AU - Schuster, Stephan C. AU - Soltis, Douglas E. AU - Soltis, Pamela S. AU - Tomsho, Lynn T2 - SCIENCE AB - Shaping Plant Evolution Amborella trichopoda is understood to be the most basal extant flowering plant and its genome is anticipated to provide insights into the evolution of plant life on Earth (see the Perspective by Adams ). To validate and assemble the sequence, Chamala et al. (p. 1516 ) combined fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), genomic mapping, and next-generation sequencing. The Amborella Genome Project (p. 10.1126/science.1241089 ) was able to infer that a whole-genome duplication event preceded the evolution of this ancestral angiosperm, and Rice et al. (p. 1468 ) found that numerous genes in the mitochondrion were acquired by horizontal gene transfer from other plants, including almost four entire mitochondrial genomes from mosses and algae. DA - 2013/12/20/ PY - 2013/12/20/ DO - 10.1126/science.1241089 VL - 342 IS - 6165 SP - 1467-+ SN - 1095-9203 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Residential landscape water use in 13 North Carolina communities AU - Fair, Barbara A. AU - Safley, Charles D. T2 - JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION AB - In 2009, North Carolina State University researchers conducted a survey of residents from 13 North Carolina communities to gather information on attitudes and behaviors related to landscape water use. The survey gathered information on landscape type, water use, and the effectiveness of watering restrictions. Actual water‐use data for a two‐year period was anonymously matched with participating households. The survey achieved a 49% response rate. Most respondents indicated that more than 75% of their landscape consisted of lawn, with 60% using warm‐season turfgrass species. Those whose lawns were planted with cool‐season grass used more water than those whose lawns were planted with warm‐season species. A total of 42% of respondents restricted their landscape water use to new plantings or stressed plants. More than 88% of respondents watered by hand. In most communities, no watering restrictions were in place during this survey. Water purveyors can use the results of this survey to better understand their customers' outdoor water use and thus develop effective education programs on water conservation techniques related to landscape irrigation. DA - 2013/10// PY - 2013/10// DO - 10.5942/jawwa.2013.105.0120 VL - 105 IS - 10 SP - 67-68 SN - 2164-4535 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Rate and Application Timing Effects on Tolerance of Covington Sweetpotato to S-Metolachlor AU - Meyers, Stephen L. AU - Jennings, Katherine M. AU - Monks, David W. AU - Miller, Donnie K. AU - Shankle, Mark W. T2 - WEED TECHNOLOGY AB - Field studies were conducted in 2011 and 2012 at the Horticultural Crops Research Station near Clinton, NC, to determine ‘Covington' sweetpotato tolerance to S -metolachlor rate and application timing. Treatments were a factorial arrangement of four S -metolachlor rates (0, 1.1, 2.2, or 3.4 kg ai ha −1 ) and six application timings (0, 2, 5, 7, 9, or 14 d after transplanting [DAP]). Immediately following application, 1.9 cm of irrigation was applied to individual plots. Sweetpotato injury was minimal for all treatments (≤ 10%). No. 1 grade sweetpotato yield displayed a negative linear response to S -metolachlor rate, and decreased from 25,110 to 20,100 kg ha −1 as S -metolachlor rate increased from 0 to 3.4 kg ha −1 . Conversely, no. 1 sweetpotato yield displayed a positive linear response to S -metolachlor application timing and increased from 19,670 to 27,090 kg ha −1 as timing progressed from 0 to 14 DAP. Total marketable sweetpotato yield displayed a quadratic response to both S -metolachlor application rate and timing. Total marketable yield decreased from 44,950 to 30,690 kg ha −1 as S -metolachlor rate increased from 0 to 3.4 kg ha −1 . Total marketable yield increased from 37,800 to 45,780 kg ha −1 as application timing was delayed from 0 to 14 DAP. At 1.1 kg ha −1 S -metolachlor, sweetpotato storage root length to width ratio displayed a quadratic relationship to application timing and increased from 1.87 to 2.23 for applications made 0 to 14 DAP. At 2.2 kg ha −1 of S -metolachlor, sweetpotato length to width ratio displayed a quadratic response to application timing, increased from 1.57 to 2.09 for 0 to 10 DAP, and decreased slightly from 2.09 to 2.03 for 10 to 14 DAP. Application timing did not influence length to width ratio of sweetpotato storage roots for those plots treated with S -metolachlor at either 0 or 3.4 kg ha −1 . DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// DO - 10.1614/wt-d-13-00049.1 VL - 27 IS - 4 SP - 729-734 SN - 1550-2740 KW - Crop tolerance KW - herbicide rate ER - TY - JOUR TI - Humic acid and cultivar effects on growth, yield, vase life, and corm characteristics of gladiolus AU - Ahmad, I. AU - Saquib, R. U. AU - Qasim, M. AU - Saleem, M. AU - Khan, A. S. AU - Yaseen, M. T2 - Chilean journal of Agricultural Research DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// VL - 73 IS - 4 SP - 339-344 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of PRE and POST Herbicides on Carolina Redroot (Lachnanthes caroliniana) Growth AU - Meyers, Stephen L. AU - Jennings, Katherine M. AU - Monks, David W. AU - Jordan, David L. AU - Ballington, James R. T2 - WEED TECHNOLOGY AB - Greenhouse studies were conducted in Raleigh, NC to determine Carolina redroot control by selected PRE and POST herbicides labeled for blueberries. Paraquat, glufosinate, glyphosate, and flumioxazin provided some Carolina redroot shoot control 7 d after POST application (DAPOST) ranging from 48 to 74%. Control 25 DAPOST was greatest for hexazinone at 2.2 kg ai ha −1 (90%) followed by glufosinate with 56% control and paraquat and terbacil each with 53% control. Control for most treatments declined between 25 and 63 DAPOST with the exception of glyphosate, which increased to 64%. Carolina redroot shoots per pot were reduced by terbacil, hexazinone at 2.2 kg ha −1 , and glyphosate compared with the nontreated check 63 DAPOST. Control of Carolina redroot roots and rhizomes 63 DAPOST ranged from 7 to 68%, with the greatest control provided by terbacil (68%) and hexazinone at 2.2 kg ha −1 (64%). Terbacil and hexazinone at 2.2 kg ha −1 were the only treatments that reduced both shoot and root/rhizome dry weight compared with the nontreated check. DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// DO - 10.1614/wt-d-13-00029.1 VL - 27 IS - 4 SP - 747-751 SN - 0890-037X KW - Blueberry KW - herbicide rate KW - residual weed control ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum) Tolerance to Imazosulfuron and Thifensulfuron-Methyl AU - Pekarek, Ryan A. AU - Monks, David W. AU - Jennings, Katherine M. AU - Hoyt, Greg D. T2 - WEED TECHNOLOGY AB - Greenhouse and field studies were conducted to evaluate bell pepper tolerance to the sulfonylurea herbicides imazosulfuron and thifensulfuron-methyl. Imazosulfuron was applied at 56, 112, 224, 336, or 448 g ai ha −1 . Thifensulfuron-methyl was applied at 2.6, 5.3, 10.5, 21.0, or 31.6 g ai ha −1 . In the greenhouse over 2 yr, bell pepper injury due to imazosulfuron POST ranged from 12 to 27%. Reductions in plant height and numbers of nodes, buds, flowers, and fruits were generally minor or not observed. Injury from thifensulfuron-methyl POST ranged from 40 to 60% in the greenhouse. Similar trends were observed for leaf chlorosis and distortion. Thifensulfuron-methyl tended to decrease numbers of buds, flowers, and fruits in the greenhouse. In the field at three sites, bell pepper injury due to imazosulfuron applied POST-directed (POST-DIR) was less than 10% at all rating times, and height and yield were not affected. Total and marketable yield averaged 40,300 and 35,810 kg ha −1 , respectively, across environments and years. Bell pepper injury from thifensulfuron-methyl applied POST-DIR in the field was less than 20% with all rates and less than 10% when rates less than 10.6 g ai ha −1 thifensulfuron-methyl were applied. Bell pepper stand (plants ha −1 ) or height was not affected by thifensulfuron-methyl. Thifensulfuron-methyl did not affect total bell pepper yield (39,310 kg ha −1 averaged across environments); however, reductions in Fancy grade yield were observed. No. 1 and cull yield grades tended to increase with increasing thifensulfuron-methyl rate, apparently compensating for lost Fancy yield. DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// DO - 10.1614/wt-d-12-00101.1 VL - 27 IS - 4 SP - 741-746 SN - 0890-037X KW - ALS inhibitor herbicide KW - crop tolerance KW - herbicide KW - integrated weed management KW - sulfonylurea ER - TY - JOUR TI - Postharvest water quality affects vase life of cut Dendranthema, Dianthus, Helianthus, and Zinnia AU - Carlson, Alicain S. AU - Dole, John M. T2 - SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE AB - Water quality can have a significant impact on the vase life of cut flowers. The effects of vase solution pH and electrical conductivity (EC) on the vase life and postharvest characteristics of Dendranthema L. ‘Naru Lavender’, Dianthus L. ‘Burgundy Sangria’, Helianthus L. ‘Sunbright’, and Zinnia L. ‘Benary's Giant Scarlet’ were investigated. Vase life of Dendranthema increased to 14.6 d in acidic solutions from 6.1 d for distilled water. Solution uptake of cut Dendranthema was also greater in acidic solutions (94 mL) compared to distilled water (76 mL). There was no significant difference in vase life of Dendranthema when solution EC ranged from 0.50 dS m−1 (21.7 d) to 4.00 dS m−1 (19.3 d) of NaCl; however, all solutions with NaCl resulted in a longer vase life than distilled water. For Dianthus the use of buffers to alter pH reduced vase life from 24.4 d for the non-buffered control to 19.9 d for the citrate buffered solutions, but no effect of actual pH was noted. Additionally, increasing the EC from 0.00 to 4.00 dS m−1 decreased vase life by 10 d. Cut Zinnia stems were not influenced by solution pH, but as EC increased from 0.00 to 4.00 dS m−1 vase life decreased from 10.6 to 6.8 d. Helianthus vase life was not affected by EC, but decreasing pH increased vase life by 1.1 d when stems were held in acidic solutions compared to basic solutions. The use of commercial holding solution reduced the negative effects of high EC on salt-sensitive Dendranthema, Dianthus, and Zinnia and increased solution uptake. For Dendranthema vase life was 24.6 d when held in preservative at an EC of 2.50 dS m−1, while it was reduced to 17.4 d without preservative at the same EC. For Helianthus, solutions with preservative had a solution uptake 10 mL greater than solutions without preservative. In general, stems with longer vase lives also had a high incidence of necrotic leaves and petals, petal wilt and bent neck. In conclusion, each species had unique reactions to the vase solution treatments, but the general effects were consistent: high solution pH or EC or the use of buffers either had no effect or reduced vase life and the use of floral preservatives increased vase life. DA - 2013/12/17/ PY - 2013/12/17/ DO - 10.1016/j.scienta.2013.09.024 VL - 164 SP - 277-286 SN - 1879-1018 KW - Electrical conductivity KW - Water quality KW - Chrysanthemum KW - Carnation KW - Sunflower KW - Vase life ER - TY - JOUR TI - Potential of ozonolysis as a pretreatment for energy grasses AU - Panneerselvam, Anushadevi AU - Sharma-Shivappa, Ratna R. AU - Kolar, Praveen AU - Ranney, Thomas AU - Peretti, Steven T2 - BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY AB - This study investigated the effect of ozonolysis on Miscanthus × giganteus, Miscanthus sinensis 'Gracillimus', Saccharum arundinaceum and Saccharum ravennae, collectively referred to as 'energy grasses'. Studies were conducted at three different ozone concentrations (40, 50 and 58 mg/l) using two ozone flow configurations - uni-directional and reversed flow. Pretreatment conditions for each variety were optimized based on lignin content and glucan recovery in ozonated solids. Results showed that ozonolysis was effective in removing up to 59.9% lignin without cellulose degradation. However, subsequent hydrolysis of pretreated solids with Cellic® CTec2 at 0.06 g/g raw biomass provided glucan conversion lower than untreated samples suggesting enzyme inhibition by lignin degradation products formed during ozonolysis. Future studies investigating hydrolysis efficiency of washed pretreated solids with higher enzyme loadings are therefore warranted to optimize the hydrolysis process and make it functionally feasible. DA - 2013/11// PY - 2013/11// DO - 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.08.129 VL - 148 SP - 242-248 SN - 1873-2976 KW - Miscanthus KW - Saccharum KW - Optimization KW - Flow configuration KW - Enzymatic hydrolysis ER - TY - JOUR TI - Overexpression of mannitol dehydrogenase in zonal geranium confers increased resistance to the mannitol secreting fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea AU - Williamson, J. D. AU - Desai, A. AU - Krasnyanski, S. F. AU - Ding, F. AU - Guo, W. W. AU - Nguyen, T. T. AU - Olson, H. A. AU - Dole, J. M. AU - Allen, G. C. T2 - Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// DO - 10.1007/s11240-013-0368-1 VL - 115 IS - 3 SP - 367-375 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Incidence and pathogenicity of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) replant disease in Georgia and North Carolina AU - Jagdale, G. B. AU - Holladay, T. AU - Brannen, P. M. AU - Cline, W. O. AU - Agudelo, P. AU - Nyczepir, A. P. AU - Noe, J. P. T2 - Journal of Nematology DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// VL - 45 IS - 2 SP - 92-98 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hydrolysis of ozone pretreated energy grasses for optimal fermentable sugar production AU - Panneerselvam, Anushadevi AU - Sharma-Shivappa, Ratna R. AU - Kolar, Praveen AU - Clare, Debra A. AU - Ranney, Thomas T2 - BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY AB - Ozonated energy grass varieties were enzymatically hydrolyzed to establish process parameters for maximum fermentable sugar production. Conditions for ozonolysis were selected on the basis of maximum delignification and glucan retention after pretreatment. To study the effect of lignin degradation products generated during ozonolysis on cellulolytic enzymes, hydrolysis was carried out for washed and unwashed pretreated solids. Washing the solids significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced glucan conversion from 34.3% to 100% while delivering glucose yields of 146.2–431.9 mg/g biomass. Highest fermentable sugars were produced when grasses were ozonated for maximum delignification and washed solids were hydrolyzed using 0.1 g/g Cellic® CTec2. In a comparative study on alkaline pretreatment with 1% NaOH for 60 min, Saccharum arundinaceum exhibited the highest glucan conversion with maximum sugar production of 467.9 mg/g. Although ozonolysis is an effective and environmentally friendly technique for cellulosic sugar production, process optimization is needed to ascertain economic feasibility of the process. DA - 2013/11// PY - 2013/11// DO - 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.08.119 VL - 148 SP - 97-104 SN - 1873-2976 KW - Miscanthus KW - Saccharum KW - Optimization KW - Enzymatic hydrolysis KW - Alkali pretreatment ER - TY - JOUR TI - Beneficial Insect Borders Provide Northern Bobwhite Brood Habitat AU - Moorman, Christopher E. AU - Plush, Charles J. AU - Orr, David B. AU - Reberg-Horton, Chris T2 - PLOS ONE AB - Strips of fallow vegetation along cropland borders are an effective strategy for providing brood habitat for declining populations of upland game birds (Order: Galliformes), including northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus), but fallow borders lack nectar-producing vegetation needed to sustain many beneficial insect populations (e.g., crop pest predators, parasitoids, and pollinator species). Planted borders that contain mixes of prairie flowers and grasses are designed to harbor more diverse arthropod communities, but the relative value of these borders as brood habitat is unknown. We used groups of six human-imprinted northern bobwhite chicks as a bioassay for comparing four different border treatments (planted native grass and prairie flowers, planted prairie flowers only, fallow vegetation, or mowed vegetation) as northern bobwhite brood habitat from June-August 2009 and 2010. All field border treatments were established around nine organic crop fields. Groups of chicks were led through borders for 30-min foraging trials and immediately euthanized, and eaten arthropods in crops and gizzards were measured to calculate a foraging rate for each border treatment. We estimated arthropod prey availability within each border treatment using a modified blower-vac to sample arthropods at the vegetation strata where chicks foraged. Foraging rate did not differ among border treatments in 2009 or 2010. Total arthropod prey densities calculated from blower-vac samples did not differ among border treatments in 2009 or 2010. Our results showed plant communities established to attract beneficial insects should maximize the biodiversity potential of field border establishment by providing habitat for beneficial insects and young upland game birds. DA - 2013/12/23/ PY - 2013/12/23/ DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0083815 VL - 8 IS - 12 SP - SN - 1932-6203 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The effect of different feed delivery methods on time to consume feed and the resulting changes in postprandial metabolite concentrations in horses AU - Kutzner-Mulligan, J. AU - Eisemann, J. AU - Siciliano, P. AU - Smith, J. AU - Hewitt, K. AU - Sharlette, J. AU - Pratt-Phillips, S. T2 - JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AB - Management techniques that reduce the insulin response to feeding in horses have application in preventing insulin resistance (IR) and potential associations (e.g., laminitis). Eight mature idle horses of BCS between 5 and 6.5 and with no previous indication of IR were fed a meal of concentrate under 4 feed delivery treatments in a repeated Latin Square design. Treatments were all based on a bucket of equal dimensions. The treatments included a control (CON) and 3 treatments hypothesized to increase time to consume feed (TCF): mobile obstacles above the feed (BALL), stationary obstacles below the feed (WAFF), and feed with water added (WTR). Jugular venous blood samples were taken at feed delivery, every 10 min for the first hour, and then every 30 min until 300 min after feed delivery. The TCF was different across treatment and was greater (P < 0.05) for BALL and WAFF when compared with CON and WTR. Glucose and insulin concentrations increased after feeding (P < 0.05) and tended to differ among treatments (P < 0.10). Peak insulin and glucose concentrations were affected by treatment as were the time to peak insulin and the area under the curve of insulin (P < 0.05). Therefore, feed delivery methods that include obstacles effectively increase TCF and attenuate postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations. A second experiment was designed to determine if the TCF changes associated with BALL and WAFF in Exp. 1 remain effective over a 4-d period. Four horses with no recent or regular history of consuming concentrates were fed concentrate meals for 4 consecutive d using the same treatments described in Exp. 1 and a Latin square design. Horses were subject to a 4-d adaptation period and were randomly assigned to 4-d treatment periods using the 4 previously described treatments. During adaptation, TCF decreased over time (P = 0.02). After adaptation, WAFF had greater TCF when compared with CON and WTR (P < 0.05) whereas WTR had the lowest TCF overall. Using obstacles to increase TCF on a daily basis may be an effective method to reduce postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations, thereby decreasing the risk of IR development in horses. DA - 2013/8// PY - 2013/8// DO - 10.2527/jas.2012-5727 VL - 91 IS - 8 SP - 3772-3779 SN - 1525-3163 KW - feed management KW - horse KW - insulin resistance KW - meal KW - time to consume feed ER - TY - JOUR TI - Role of foliar hemibiotrophic and fruit resistance in anthracnose-resistant strawberry genotypes for annual hill plasticulture systems AU - Rahman, M. AU - Ballington, J. AU - Louws, F. T2 - Annals of Applied Biology DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// VL - 163 IS - 1 SP - 102-113 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Quantitative Analysis of Generations for Inheritance of Fruit Yield in Watermelon AU - Kumar, Rakesh AU - Wehner, Todd C. T2 - HORTSCIENCE AB - There is a large genetic diversity for fruit size and yield in watermelon [ Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai var. lanatus ]. Current cultivars have high fruit quality but may not be the highest yielders. This study was designed to estimate variance components and heritability of fruit yield (Mg·ha −1 ), fruit count (th·ha −1 ), and fruit size (kg/fruit) in a cross involving high-yielding ‘Mountain Hoosier’ with low-yielding ‘Minilee’. Six generations (P a S 1 , P b S 1 , F 1 , F 2 , BC 1 P a , and BC 1 P b ) were developed and tested in Summer 2008 at two locations in North Carolina. Discrete classes were not observed within the F 2 segregating population. The actual distribution of the F 2 population for fruit yield, fruit count, and fruit size deviated from the normal distribution. ‘Mountain Hoosier’ had higher parental and backcross variance than ‘Minilee’. High F 2 variance for fruit yield indicated large phenotypic variance. There was a larger environmental variance than genetic variance associated with the yield traits. Estimates of broad- and narrow-sense heritability were low to medium. A large number of effective factors indicated polygenic inheritance for fruit yield and fruit size. Gain from selection for yield is amendable by selection. As a result of this complex inheritance, selection based on individual plant selection in pedigree method may not be useful for yield improvement in this population. Hence, a selection scheme based on progeny testing using replicated plots, perhaps at multiple locations, is recommended. DA - 2013/7// PY - 2013/7// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.48.7.844 VL - 48 IS - 7 SP - 844-847 SN - 2327-9834 KW - Citrullus lanatus KW - narrow-sense heritability KW - broad-sense heritability KW - effective factors KW - genetic gain ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ploidy Levels and Relative Genome Sizes of Species, Hybrids, and Cultivars of Dogwood (Cornus spp.) AU - Shearer, Kimberly AU - Ranney, Thomas G. T2 - HORTSCIENCE AB - Dogwoods ( Cornus spp.) are valuable nursery crops grown as landscape plants throughout much of the world. Although there has been considerable work on breeding and selecting dogwoods, there is little information available on genome sizes (DNA content) and ploidy levels within the genus, particularly for specific clones and cultivars. Our objective was to conduct a survey of relative genome sizes and ploidy levels of dogwood taxa representative of the big-bracted, cornelian cherry, and dwarf dogwood clades. Flow cytometry was used to determine relative genome sizes and ploidy levels of 94 accessions of various species, hybrids, and cultivars. Traditional cytology was performed on root cells of representative taxa to calibrate genome sizes with ploidy level. All dogwood accessions tested were diploid with the exception of C. canadensis that was tetraploid and the hybrid cultivar C . KN30-8 that was triploid. Relative genome sizes varied by clade, subgenus, and species with 1Cx values ranging from 1.07 pg for C. canadensis to 5.08 pg for C. eydeana . Relative genome sizes were also valuable for confirming hybridity of interspecific crosses in cases in which parents varied substantially in relative genome size and hybrids were intermediate. A broad range of interspecific hybrids was documented including C. capitata × florida, C. capitata × kousa, C. elliptica × florida, C. hongkongensis × florida, C. kousa × elliptica, and C. kousa × florida . These results provide further insights into the cytogenetics, reproductive biology, crossability, and relative genome sizes of dogwoods. DA - 2013/7// PY - 2013/7// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.48.7.825 VL - 48 IS - 7 SP - 825-830 SN - 2327-9834 KW - cytology KW - DNA content KW - flow cytometry KW - interspecific hybridization KW - plant breeding KW - polyploidy ER - TY - JOUR TI - Novel molecular marker associated with Tm2(a) gene conferring resistance to tomato mosaic virus in tomato AU - Panthee, Dilip R. AU - Brown, Allan F. AU - Yousef, Gad G. AU - Ibrahem, Ragy AU - Anderson, Candice T2 - PLANT BREEDING AB - Abstract Tomato mosaic virus ( T o MV ) is an important T obamovirus that causes significant crop losses. Resistance to the T o MV is conferred by the genes T m1 , T m2 and T m2 a . Among these three genes, T m2 a confers resistance to most strains of the T o MV . Screening of genetic lines under field conditions based on phenotype is time‐consuming and challenging due to concerns associated with stability of the virus and its potential transmission to other plants. Tightly linked molecular markers associated with resistance genes can improve selection efficiency and avoid these problems. This study developed a PCR ‐based marker based on restriction site differences from T m2 a locus‐specific sequences, which was found to be useful in identifying the resistant and susceptible genotypes and was consistent with phenotypic data. The marker is a codominant cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence ( CAPS ) marker producing 270‐ and 600‐bp DNA fragments from resistant genotypes and an 870‐bp fragment from susceptible genotypes when digested with Hae III restriction enzyme. This novel marker can be useful for tomato breeders to screen progeny from segregating populations for T o MV resistance. DA - 2013/8// PY - 2013/8// DO - 10.1111/pbr.12076 VL - 132 IS - 4 SP - 413-416 SN - 0179-9541 KW - Solanum lycopersicum KW - Tm2(a) KW - CAPS marker KW - gene-specific molecular markers KW - tomato mosaic virus KW - tobamovirus ER - TY - JOUR TI - Induced Variation in Tetraploid Rudbeckia subtomentosa 'Henry Eilers' Regenerated from Gamma-irradiated Callus AU - Oates, Kelly M. AU - Touchell, Darren H. AU - Ranney, Thomas G. T2 - HORTSCIENCE AB - Rudbeckia subtomentosa ‘Henry Eilers’ is an adaptable and popular garden plant; however, reduction in height and increased novelty in flower color would be desirable. The effect of gamma radiation dose on in vitro survival and development, and ex vitro fertility, phenology, and morphology of tetraploid Rudbeckia subtomentosa ‘Henry Eilers’ was investigated. In vitro embryogenic callus was treated with gamma radiation (0, 5, 10, 20, or 40 Gy). Rooted microshoots were established ex vitro and evaluated for morphology (plant height, number of flowers, diameter of the terminal flowers, diameter of the secondary flowers, number of stems, number of nodes, and internode length), date of first anthesis, winter survival, and pollen fertility on mature, second-year plants. Callus survival had no response to dose 2 months after treatment; however, microshoot number was significantly reduced with increasing dose. In vitro microshoot survival continued to decline at higher doses up to 4 months after treatment. Plant height, average stem height, number of flowers, flower diameter, percent winter survival, and pollen viability were all reduced with increasing radiation dose. Date of first anthesis was also delayed with increased radiation dose. Several off phenotypes were recorded including increased apical splitting of the ray florets in several plants. Gamma radiation was somewhat effective for reducing the height of R. subtomentosa ‘Henry Eilers,’ but flower morphology, flower number, and plant overwintering survival were often negatively affected with increasing radiation dose. Treating callus with low levels of gamma radiation (5–10 Gy) resulted in relatively high in vitro and field survival while inducing a range of other mutations that could be selected. DA - 2013/7// PY - 2013/7// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.48.7.831 VL - 48 IS - 7 SP - 831-834 SN - 2327-9834 KW - Asteraceae KW - autotetraploid KW - black-eyed Susan KW - coneflower KW - induced mutation KW - plant breeding ER - TY - JOUR TI - Herbicide-Based Weed Management Programs for Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in Sweetpotato AU - Meyers, Stephen L. AU - Jennings, Katherine M. AU - Monks, David W. T2 - WEED TECHNOLOGY AB - Studies were conducted in 2010 and 2011 to determine the effect of herbicide-based Palmer amaranth management systems in ‘Covington' sweetpotato. Treatments consisted of three herbicide application times. Pretransplant applications were flumioxazin at 107 g ai ha −1 , fomesafen at 280 g ai ha −1 , flumioxazin at 70 g ha −1 plus pyroxasulfone at 89 g ai ha −1 , or no herbicide. A second herbicide application was applied within 1 d after transplanting (DAP) and consisted of S -metolachlor at 800 g ai ha −1 , clomazone at 630 g ai ha −1 , or no herbicide. Two weeks after planting (WAP) plots received S -metolachlor at 800 g ha −1 , metribuzin at 140 g ai ha −1 , a tank mix of S -metolachlor at 800 g ha −1 plus metribuzin at 140 g ha −1 , hand-weeding followed by (fb) S -metolachlor at 800 g ha −1 , or no herbicide. Crop tolerance, Palmer amaranth control, and sweetpotato yield in systems containing fomesafen pretransplant were similar to flumioxazin-containing systems. Systems containing flumioxazin plus pyroxasulfone pretransplant resulted in increased crop stunting and decreased sweetpotato yield in 2010, compared with systems containing flumioxazin or fomesafen, but were similar to systems with flumioxazin or fomesafen in 2011. In 2010, systems containing S -metolachlor applied within 1 DAP resulted in increased sweetpotato injury, similar Palmer amaranth control, and reduced no. 1, jumbo, and total sweetpotato yield, compared with systems with clomazone. In 2011, systems containing clomazone were more injurious to sweetpotato than systems receiving S -metolachlor, but Palmer amaranth control and sweetpotato yield were similar. Systems containing metribuzin 2 WAP resulted in increased sweetpotato injury and Palmer amaranth control (in 2010) but similar no. 1 and total sweetpotato yields, compared with systems containing S -metolachlor at 2 WAP. Hand-weeding fb S -metolachlor provided greater Palmer amaranth control and no. 1 sweetpotato yield than did systems of S -metolachlor without a preceding hand-weeding event in 2010. DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// DO - 10.1614/wt-d-12-00036.1 VL - 27 IS - 2 SP - 331-340 SN - 1550-2740 KW - Crop tolerance KW - herbicide rate ER - TY - JOUR TI - A Comparison of Methods for Evaluating the Suppressive Ability of Winter Wheat Cultivars against Italian Ryegrass (Lolium perenne) AU - Worthington, Margaret L. AU - Reberg-Horton, S. Chris AU - Jordan, David AU - Murphy, J. Paul T2 - WEED SCIENCE AB - Infestations of Italian ryegrass are problematic in both conventional and organic wheat production systems. The development of wheat cultivars with superior competitive ability against Italian ryegrass could play a role in maintaining acceptable yields and suppressing weed populations. Research was conducted in North Carolina to identify indirect methods of selection for Italian ryegrass suppressive ability (hereafter referred to as weed suppressive ability) of winter wheat cultivars that correlate well with Italian ryegrass-to-wheat biomass ratios. Two winter wheat cultivars (Dyna-Gro Baldwin and Dyna-Gro Dominion) and one experimental wheat line (NC05-19684) with differing morphological traits were overseeded with varying densities of Italian ryegrass. Wheat height measured throughout the growing season in weed-free plots was strongly associated with weed suppressive ability, but high wheat tillering capacity had no significant effect on weed suppressive ability in the lines tested in this study. Italian ryegrass seed head density during grain fill was strongly correlated ( r = 0.94) with Italian ryegrass-to-wheat biomass ratio, the generally accepted measure of weed suppressive ability. Visual estimates of percent Italian ryegrass biomass relative to the plot with the highest level of Italian ryegrass infestation in each replicate were also strongly correlated with weed suppressive ability at all growth stages, especially during heading ( r = 0.87) (Zadoks growth stage [GS] 55). Measurements from nonimaging spectrophotometers and overhead photographs taken from tillering (Zadoks 23 to 25) to early dough development (Zadoks 80) were unreliable estimates of end-of-season Italian ryegrass-to-wheat biomass ratios because they failed to account for wheat cultivar differences in biomass, color, and growth habit. Italian ryegrass seed head density and visual estimates of Italian ryegrass biomass during grain fill are appropriate indirect methods of selection for weed suppressive ability in breeding programs. DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// DO - 10.1614/ws-d-12-00167.1 VL - 61 IS - 3 SP - 491-499 SN - 1550-2759 KW - Indirect selection KW - organic wheat production KW - weed interference KW - wheat breeding ER - TY - JOUR TI - 'Von' Thornless Blackberry AU - Fernandez, Gina E. AU - Ballington, James R. AU - Perkins-Veazie, Penelope T2 - HORTSCIENCE DA - 2013/5// PY - 2013/5// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.48.5.654 VL - 48 IS - 5 SP - 654-656 SN - 0018-5345 KW - Rubus KW - fruit breeding ER - TY - CONF TI - Yield and postharvest attributes of caneberries grown under high tunnels and in the open field in North Carolina AU - Fernandez, Gina AU - Perkins-Veazie, P. C2 - 2013/// C3 - International symposium on high tunnel horticultural crop production DA - 2013/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2013.987.12 VL - 987 SP - 89–98 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Visual versus marker-based selection of hybrid progeny in fertile X fertile beet and carrot crosses AU - Schaber, M. A. AU - Goldman, I. L. T2 - Crop Science DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// VL - 53 IS - 4 SP - 1419-1426 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Peptide Aptamers That Bind to Geminivirus Replication Proteins Confer a Resistance Phenotype to Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus and Tomato Mottle Virus Infection in Tomato AU - Reyes, Maria Ines AU - Nash, Tara E. AU - Dallas, Mary M. AU - Ascencio-Ibanez, J. Trinidad AU - Hanley-Bowdoin, Linda T2 - JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY AB - ABSTRACT Geminiviruses constitute a large family of single-stranded DNA viruses that cause serious losses in important crops worldwide. They often exist in disease complexes and have high recombination and mutation rates, allowing them to adapt rapidly to new hosts and environments. Thus, an effective resistance strategy must be general in character and able to target multiple viruses. The geminivirus replication protein (Rep) is a good target for broad-based disease control because it is highly conserved and required for viral replication. In an earlier study, we identified a set of peptide aptamers that bind to Rep and reduce viral replication in cultured plant cells. In this study, we selected 16 of the peptide aptamers for further analysis in yeast two-hybrid assays. The results of these experiments showed that all 16 peptide aptamers interact with all or most of the Rep proteins from nine viruses representing the three major Geminiviridae genera and identified two peptide aptamers (A22 and A64) that interact strongly with different regions in the Rep N terminus. Transgenic tomato lines expressing A22 or A64 and inoculated with Tomato yellow leaf curl virus or Tomato mottle virus exhibited delayed viral DNA accumulation and often contained lower levels of viral DNA. Strikingly, the effect on symptoms was stronger, with many of the plants showing no symptoms or strongly attenuated symptoms. Together, these results established the efficacy of using Rep-binding peptide aptamers to develop crops that are resistant to diverse geminiviruses. DA - 2013/9// PY - 2013/9// DO - 10.1128/jvi.01095-13 VL - 87 IS - 17 SP - 9691-9706 SN - 1098-5514 ER - TY - JOUR TI - POST Control of Carolina Redroot (Lachnanthes caroliniana) AU - Meyers, Stephen L. AU - Jennings, Katherine M. AU - Monks, David W. AU - Ballington, James R. AU - Jordan, David L. T2 - WEED TECHNOLOGY AB - Greenhouse studies were conducted in 2012 in Raleigh, NC to determine Carolina redroot control by ten POST herbicides. Paraquat and glufosinate provided the greatest control 14 (73 and 64%, respectively) and 25 d (82 and 68%, respectively) after treatment (DAT), but control declined between 25 and 63 DAT (72 and 59%, respectively). Glyphosate provided minimal control 14 DAT (18%), and control increased from 14 to 25 DAT (46%) and 25 to 63 DAT (69%). Control of Carolina redroot roots and rhizomes (roots/rhizomes) was greatest in plants treated with paraquat (91%), glyphosate (88%), glufosinate (73%), hexazinone (62%), diuron (60%). Nontreated Carolina redroot shoot and root/rhizome dry weight were 8.3 and 7.6 g, respectively. Paraquat, glufosinate, glyphosate, and diuron reduced both shoot and root/rhizome dry weight (3.1 and 0.7 g, 5.1 and 2.7 g, 5.4 and 1.0, 5.7 and 1.6 g, respectively). Hexazinone reduced root/rhizome dry weight (2.7 g). Fomesafen reduced shoot dry weight (6.1 g), but did not reduce root/rhizome dry weight. Paraquat, glufosinate, glyphosate, hexazinone, diuron, and clopyralid treatments resulted in reduced incidence of Carolina redroot flowering and anthesis. DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// DO - 10.1614/wt-d-12-00164.1 VL - 27 IS - 3 SP - 534-537 SN - 0890-037X KW - Efficacy KW - herbicide KW - weed control ER - TY - JOUR TI - Naphthaleneacetic acid and ethephon are florigenic in the biennial apple cultivars Golden Delicious and York Imperial AU - McArtney, S. AU - Greene, D. AU - Schmidt, T. AU - Yuan, R. C. T2 - HortScience DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// VL - 48 IS - 6 SP - 742-746 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Molecular phylogenetic analysis suggests paraphyly and early diversification of Philadelphus (Hydrangeaceae) in western North America: New insights into affinity with Carpenteria AU - Guo, Y. L. AU - Pais, A. AU - Weakley, A. S. AU - Xiang, Q. Y. T2 - Journal of Systematics and Evolution AB - Abstract Philadelphus (Hydrangeaceae) comprises 60 or fewer species distributed disjunctly in eastern Asia, eastern and western North America to Central America, and southeastern Europe and western Asia. The genus is highly valued in horticulture, but poorly understood regarding taxonomy, species relationships, and biogeographic history. The present study was the first phylogenetic and biogeographic analysis of Philadelphus using both nuclear and chloroplast DNA markers to evaluate classification schemes and to elucidate the biogeographic origin. Our results suggest that Philadelphus is a paraphyletic group with the monotypic genus Carpenteria nested within. Three major lineages were identified in the Philadelphus–Carpenteria clade, each strongly supported by the molecular data. Biogeographic analysis using the Bayes‐DIVA method (implemented in the newly developed RASP) and divergence time dating with BEAST resolved the origin and early diversification of Philadelphus s.l. (including Carpenteria ) in western North America (including Mexico) in the Eocene. The lineage diversified and subsequently spread into Asia and other areas in the late Tertiary or Neogene to obtain a worldwide distribution. The study adds an additional example of an “out of western North America” migration in the phylogeographic history of the northern hemisphere. DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// DO - 10.1111/jse.12041 VL - 51 IS - 5 SP - 545-563 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genetic characterization of Blueberry necrotic ring blotch virus, a novel RNA virus with unique genetic features AU - Quito-Avila, Diego F. AU - Brannen, Philip M. AU - Cline, William O. AU - Harmon, Philip F. AU - Martin, Robert R. T2 - JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY AB - A new disorder was observed on southern highbush blueberries in several south-eastern states in the USA. Symptoms included irregularly shaped circular spots or blotches with green centres on the upper and lower surfaces of leaves. Double-stranded RNA was extracted from symptomatic leaves suggesting the presence of virus(es) possibly involved in the disease. Sequencing revealed the presence of a novel RNA virus with a ~14 kb genome divided into four RNA segments. Sequence analyses showed that the virus, for which we propose the name Blueberry necrotic ring blotch virus (BNRBV), possesses protein domains conserved across RNA viruses in the alpha-virus-like supergroup. Phylogenetic inferences using different genes placed BNRBV in a clade that includes the Bromoviridae, the genus Cilevirus (CiLV) and the recently characterized Hibiscus green spot virus (HGSV). Despite the strong genetic relationships found among BNRBV, Cilevirus and HGSV, the genome of BNRBV contains three features that distinguish it significantly from its closest relatives: (i) the presence of two helicase domains with different evolutionary pathways, (ii) the existence of three conserved nucleotide stretches located at the 3' non-coding regions of each RNA segment and (iii) the conservation of terminal nucleotide motifs across each segment. Furthermore, CiLV and HGSV possess poly(A)-tailed bipartite and tripartite genomes, respectively, whereas BNRBV has a quadra-partite genome lacking a poly(A) tail. Based on these genetic features a new genus is proposed for the classification of BNRBV. DA - 2013/6// PY - 2013/6// DO - 10.1099/vir.0.050393-0 VL - 94 SP - 1426-1434 SN - 1465-2099 ER - TY - JOUR TI - First Report of Cylindrocarpon sp Associated with Root Rot Disease of Strawberry in North Carolina AU - Adhikari, T. B. AU - Hodges, C. S. AU - Louws, F. J. T2 - PLANT DISEASE AB - Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne) is an economically important fruit crop in North Carolina for domestic consumption and export. In April 2012, outbreaks of a destructive root disease were observed in strawberry cv. Chandler in Buncombe, New Hanover, and Roman counties, North Carolina. Samples from Rowan (ID 13175) and Buncombe (ID 13193) counties submitted to the Plant Disease and Insect Clinic of the Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, exhibited yellowing and wilting of leaves and extensive root necrosis, and disease severity based on field symptoms ranged from 20 to 30%. To identify the pathogen, five small pieces of necrotic crown and root tissues were taken from each sample, surface disinfested for 1 min in a 1.5% sodium hypochlorite solution, and plated onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) with 0.5 g liter –1 of streptomycin sulfate. Colonies developing from the tissue samples were transferred to PDA. Colonies from both samples were identical, grew relatively slowly, and gradually turned yellowish to partially brownish. After about 7 days, abundant conidia were formed. These were hyaline, mostly straight with both ends rounded, predominantly three septate, and 40 to 50 × 5 to 10 μm. Based on morphological characteristics, these isolates were identified as a species of Cylindrocarpon (1) To confirm the original identification of the fungus as a species of Cylindrocarpon, genomic DNA of both isolates was extracted from mycelia using DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen Inc., Valencia, CA) and analyzed using PCR (2). The internal transcribed spacers (ITS)1 and (ITS)2 flanking the 5.8S rRNA regions were amplified and sequenced using universal primers ITS1 (forward) and ITS4 (reverse). The sequences of the 421 bp (GenBank KC847090 and KC847091) of both isolates were identical. Furthermore, a BLASTn search of these sequences showed homology of 99% with the sequences of Cylidrocarpon species (AB369421.1, AM419069.1, AM419074.1, AY295332.1, JN031017.1, JN253505.1, and JQ886422.1), To fulfill Koch's postulates, inoculum of each isolate was prepared and adjusted to 1.5 × 10 7 conidia/ml using a hemacytometer. ‘Chandler’ strawberry plants were grown in 25-cm diameter plastic pots (one seedling per pot) in the greenhouse and five 6-week-old plants were injected with conidia of each isolate into the base of crown using a 5-ml syringe. The plants were covered with clear plastic for 24 h and left on the greenhouse bench with a 16-h photoperiod and 25/20°C day/night temperatures and assessed for disease development 14 days after inoculation. The inoculated plants exhibited wilting and root necrosis, consistent with the symptoms observed on strawberry plants in the field. Control plants treated with distilled water remained healthy. Isolations were made from the inoculated plants and the fungus used for inoculation was recovered from all plants. The morphology of these isolates was in agreement with published descriptions of Cylindrocarpon (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of a Cylindrocarpon sp. causing crown and root rot on strawberry in North Carolina and effective disease management strategies need to be explored. References: (1) C. D. Booth. Mycol. Pap. (CMI) 104:1, 1996. (2) T. J. White et al. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1990. DA - 2013/9// PY - 2013/9// DO - 10.1094/pdis-01-13-0116-pdn VL - 97 IS - 9 SP - 1251-1251 SN - 0191-2917 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluating New Cut Flowers in the United States and Canada AU - Dole, J. M. AU - Laushman, J. M. T2 - I INTERNATIONAL TRIALS CONFERENCE: ASSESSMENT OF ORNAMENTAL PLANTS DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2013.980.3 VL - 980 SP - 29-36 SN - 0567-7572 KW - seed KW - perennials KW - woody ornamentals KW - evaluations ER - TY - JOUR TI - Crop and field border effects on weed seed predation in the southeastern US coastal plain AU - Fox, Aaron F. AU - Reberg-Horton, S. Chris AU - Orr, David B. AU - Moorman, Christopher E. AU - Frank, Steven D. T2 - AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT AB - Weed seed predation was studied in nine organic crop fields (three each of maize, soybeans and hay; 2.5–4.0 ha each) surrounded by four experimental field border types (planted native grass and prairie flowers, planted prairie flowers only, fallow vegetation, or mowed vegetation) during the fall of 2009 and 2010 in eastern North Carolina. We used predator exclusion cages to determine the amount of weed seed removal caused by invertebrates and vertebrates. Three common agricultural weed species, redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), broadleaf signalgrass (Urochloa platyphylla), and sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia), were adhered to individual cards and placed inside the exclosure cages once a month for two weeks. Activity-density of invertebrate weed seed predators was measured with pitfall traps. Results show that field border type had no effect on seed removal rates, but that crop type heavily influenced both weed seed predation and invertebrate seed predator activity-density. Weed seed predation was highest in the dense, perennial hay fields and lowest in the more open harvested maize fields. Activity-densities for field crickets (Gryllus sp.) and the ground beetle Harpalus pennsylvanicus were also high in the hay fields and low in the maize fields, while the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) seemed to prefer the open maize fields. These results show that increasing vegetative diversity in field borders is not always an effective method for conserving weed seed predators, but that higher quality habitat inside the crop field can be achieved by increasing ground cover. DA - 2013/9/1/ PY - 2013/9/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.agee.2013.06.006 VL - 177 SP - 58-62 SN - 1873-2305 KW - Weed seed predation KW - Habitat management KW - Carabidae KW - Solenopsis invicta KW - Gryllus KW - Mice ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparative effects of NaCl and NaHCO3 stress on photosynthetic parameters, nutrient metabolism, and the antioxidant system in tomato leaves AU - Gong, B. AU - Wen, D. AU - VandenLangenherg, K. AU - Wei, M. AU - Yang, F. J. AU - Shi, Q. H. AU - Wang, X. F. T2 - Scientia Horticulturae DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// VL - 157 SP - 1-12 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A reexamination of molecular markers for use in marker-assisted breeding in tomato (Retraction of vol 184, pg 165, 2012) AU - Panthee, D. R. AU - Foolad, M. R. T2 - Euphytica DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// VL - 194 IS - 1 SP - 149-149 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Variation in selection and utilization of host crops in the field and laboratory by Drosophila suzukii Matsumara (Diptera: Drosophilidae), an invasive frugivore AU - Burrack, Hannah J. AU - Fernandez, Gina E. AU - Spivey, Taylor AU - Kraus, Dylan A. T2 - PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE AB - BACKGROUND Drosophila suzukii, a pest of soft-skinned berries and stone fruits, has recently rapidly expanded its global range. The impacts of D. suzukii infestation and subsequent fruit damage in North America and Europe have been profound. The aim of the present work was to assess host selection of D. suzukii in the field and laboratory, with an emphasis on hosts commonly grown in the southeastern United States, where D. suzukii has been established since 2010. RESULTS Raspberries were infested at a greater rate than blackberries in the field, and varieties within both species were infested at different rates. Primocane-fruiting blackberries were often the least heavily infested. Further, blackberries and raspberries grown under high tunnels were infested at lower rates than those grown outside. Fruit and artificial substrates with a lower surface penetration force were more heavily infested than firmer substrates in the laboratory; no eggs were laid in artificial substrates exceeding 52.00 cN surface penetration force. CONCLUSION Infestation rates differ between species and varieties within species of Rubus in the southeastern United States. Fruit penetration force is one potential measure of host susceptibility, but host attractiveness will likely depend upon additional factors, such as soluble sugar content. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry DA - 2013/10// PY - 2013/10// DO - 10.1002/ps.3489 VL - 69 IS - 10 SP - 1173-1180 SN - 1526-4998 KW - invasive species KW - range expansion KW - host preference KW - performance KW - caneberries KW - Rubus ER - TY - JOUR TI - Preservatives and packaging material have an impact on the post-harvest longevity of cut Rosa hybrida L. 'Kardinal' flowers AU - Ahmad, Iftikhar AU - Dole, John M. AU - Saleem, Muhammad AU - Khan, Muhammad A. AU - Akram, Ahsan AU - Khan, Ahmad S. T2 - JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE & BIOTECHNOLOGY AB - SummaryWe studied the effects of various preservatives (sucrose, ascorbic acid, salicylic acid, and acetylsalicylic acid) alone, or in various combinations, on the post-harvest performance of cut Rosa hybrida L. ‘Kardinal’ flowers. The effects of packaging material, including boxes (used boxes without vents), newspaper, butter paper (a waxy paper used to avoid moisture loss), craft paper (a thin, less-waxy paper used for wrapping floral bunches), cellophane paper, single cardboard boxes with or without a cellophane lining, and standard double cardboard boxes with or without a cellophane lining, were also studied. Among the preservatives, 4% (w/v) sucrose alone, or combined with 100 mg l–1 acetylsalicylic acid, 200 mg l–1 salicylic acid, or 600 mg l–1 ascorbic acid resulted in longer vase-lives (7.1, 5.6, 5.5, or 5.3 d, respectively). Individual or combined applications of ascorbic acid and/or salicylic acid had no effect on vase-life. Stems in deionised (DI) water or 4% (w/v) sucrose alone had larger petal areas and flower diameters compared to all other preservatives. Pulsing with 0.5 mM silver thiosulphate (STS) for 2 h at room temperature further extended the vase-life, maintained flower diameter, increased petal area, and increased the uptake of vase solution during the first 2 d of the vase period. Stems packed in double-cardboard floral boxes lined with cellophane, or cellophane alone, gave a longer vase-life than newspaper, butter paper, or the spent boxes used by growers in the study area. Packaging in single or double cardboard floral boxes, with or without a cellophane lining, maintained flower quality, increased flower diameter, and increased ion leakage from petals (possibly due to the longer vase-life) more than spent boxes, craft paper, butter paper, or newspaper. By increasing the duration of storage from 2 d to 8 d, vase-life and ion leakage decreased from 4.2 d to 2.6 d, and from 102% to 85%, respectively, while subsequent flower diameter increased to 0.61 cm from a decrease of 0.16 cm. DA - 2013/5// PY - 2013/5// DO - 10.1080/14620316.2013.11512963 VL - 88 IS - 3 SP - 251-256 SN - 2380-4084 ER - TY - JOUR TI - New molecular markers associated with the Sw-5 gene conferring resistance to Tomato spotted wilt virus in tomato AU - Panthee, Dilip R. AU - Ibrahem, Ragy T2 - JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE & BIOTECHNOLOGY AB - SummaryTomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is an important Tospovirus causing significant crop losses in tomato throughout the World. Resistance to TSWV is conferred by the Sw-5 gene. Screening for TSWV resistance under field conditions, and the development of resistant tomato genotypes based on phenotype is not only time-consuming, but also inconclusive because of variable inoculum pressure in the field. The development of molecular markers for marker-assisted selection (MAS) would help to avoid this problem and facilitate the screening of a large number of independent breeding lines. However, for MAS to be successful, the molecular markers must be reliable, easy to use, and highly reproducible. We evaluated four potential PCR-based markers, developed based on Sw-5 locus-specific sequences. All four PCR-based markers were used successfully to identify resistant and susceptible tomato genotypes, consistent with the phenotypic data. Three (NCSw-003, NCSw-007, and NCSw-011) of the four molecular markers were co-dominant, whereas one (NCSw-012) was dominant. Two of the four molecular markers (NCSw-003 and NCSw-012) were sequence-characterised amplified region (SCAR) markers. The other two (NCSw-007 and NCSw-011) were cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers. All four markers were 19 kbp from CT 220, a previously reported molecular marker. All four DNA markers were novel and may be useful to tomato breeders wishing to screen for TSWV resistance in segregating populations. DA - 2013/3// PY - 2013/3// DO - 10.1080/14620316.2013.11512946 VL - 88 IS - 2 SP - 129-134 SN - 1462-0316 ER - TY - JOUR TI - How management strategies have affected Atlantic White-cedar forest recovery after massive wind damage in the Great Dismal Swamp (vol 262, pg 1337, 2011) AU - Laing, Joelle M. AU - Shear, Theodore H. AU - Blazich, Frank A. T2 - FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT DA - 2013/9/15/ PY - 2013/9/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.07.022 VL - 304 SP - 505-505 SN - 0378-1127 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genotype and environmental interaction for fruit quality traits in vintage tomato varieties AU - Panthee, Dilip R. AU - Labate, Joanne A. AU - McGrath, Margaret T. AU - Breksa, Andrew P., III AU - Robertson, Larry D. T2 - EUPHYTICA DA - 2013/9// PY - 2013/9// DO - 10.1007/s10681-013-0895-1 VL - 193 IS - 2 SP - 169-182 SN - 1573-5060 KW - Diversity analysis KW - Fruit quality KW - G x E interaction KW - Tomato KW - Vintage varieties ER - TY - JOUR TI - Regulation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) gene family in wood forming tissue of Populus trichocarpa AU - Shi, R. AU - Shuford, C. M. AU - Wang, J. P. AU - Sun, Y. H. AU - Yang, Z. C. AU - Chen, H. C. AU - Tunlaya-Anukit, S. AU - Li, Q. Z. AU - Liu, J. AU - Muddiman, D. C. AU - Sederoff, R. R. AU - Chiang, V. L. T2 - Planta DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// DO - 10.1007/s00425-013-1905-1 VL - 238 IS - 3 SP - 487-497 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ptr-miR397a is a negative regulator of laccase genes affecting lignin content in Populus trichocarpa AU - Lu, Shanfa AU - Li, Quanzi AU - Wei, Hairong AU - Chang, Mao-Ju AU - Tunlaya-Anukit, Sermsawat AU - Kim, Hoon AU - Liu, Jie AU - Song, Jingyuan AU - Sun, Ying-Hsuan AU - Yuan, Lichai AU - Yeh, Ting-Feng AU - Peszlen, Ilona AU - Ralph, John AU - Sederoff, Ronald R. AU - Chiang, Vincent L. T2 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AB - Laccases, as early as 1959, were proposed to catalyze the oxidative polymerization of monolignols. Genetic evidence in support of this hypothesis has been elusive due to functional redundancy of laccase genes. An Arabidopsis double mutant demonstrated the involvement of laccases in lignin biosynthesis. We previously identified a subset of laccase genes to be targets of a microRNA (miRNA) ptr-miR397a in Populus trichocarpa . To elucidate the roles of ptr-miR397a and its targets, we characterized the laccase gene family and identified 49 laccase gene models, of which 29 were predicted to be targets of ptr-miR397a. We overexpressed Ptr-MIR397a in transgenic P. trichocarpa . In each of all nine transgenic lines tested, 17 PtrLAC s were down-regulated as analyzed by RNA-seq. Transgenic lines with severe reduction in the expression of these laccase genes resulted in an ∼40% decrease in the total laccase activity. Overexpression of Ptr-MIR397a in these transgenic lines also reduced lignin content, whereas levels of all monolignol biosynthetic gene transcripts remained unchanged. A hierarchical genetic regulatory network (GRN) built by a bottom-up graphic Gaussian model algorithm provides additional support for a role of ptr-miR397a as a negative regulator of laccases for lignin biosynthesis. Full transcriptome–based differential gene expression in the overexpressed transgenics and protein domain analyses implicate previously unidentified transcription factors and their targets in an extended hierarchical GRN including ptr-miR397a and laccases that coregulate lignin biosynthesis in wood formation. Ptr-miR397a, laccases, and other regulatory components of this network may provide additional strategies for genetic manipulation of lignin content. DA - 2013/6/25/ PY - 2013/6/25/ DO - 10.1073/pnas.1308936110 VL - 110 IS - 26 SP - 10848-10853 SN - 0027-8424 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Implications of Mating Behavior in Watermelon Breeding AU - Kumar, Rakesh AU - Dia, Mahendra AU - Wehner, Todd C. T2 - HORTSCIENCE AB - Understanding the natural mating behavior (self- or cross-pollination) in watermelon is important to the design of a suitable breeding strategy. The objective of this study was to measure the rate of self- and cross-pollination in watermelon [ Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai] using the dominant gene Sp (Spotted leaves and fruit) as a marker. The experiment consisted of two studies and was a split plot in a randomized complete block design with 3 years (2009 to 2011) and four locations (Clinton, Kinston, Oxford, Lewiston, NC). For the intercrossing study, whole plots were the two spacings (1.2 × 0.3 m and 1.2 × 0.6 m) with four replications in 2010. For the inbreeding study, whole plots were two equidistant spacings (3 × 3 m and 6 × 6 m) with four replications in 2009 to 2011. Cultivars Allsweet and Mickylee were subplots within each whole plot. In the inbreeding study, spacing and year had a significant effect on the rate of self-pollination, which was moderate (47% and 54%, respectively) when watermelon plants were trained in a spiral and spaced 3 × 3 m or 6 × 6 m apart. Spacing and cultivar did not have a significant effect on cross-pollination in the intercrossing study. Closely spaced watermelon plants (1.2 × 0.3 m and 1.2 × 0.6 m) had low natural outcrossing rate (31% and 35%, respectively) and was not adequate to intercross families. However, breeders should consider the amount of self-pollination in watermelon to calculate the estimates of component of genetic variances. DA - 2013/8// PY - 2013/8// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.48.8.960 VL - 48 IS - 8 SP - 960-964 SN - 0018-5345 KW - Citrullus lanatus KW - intercrossing KW - inbreeding KW - pollination KW - pedigree breeding KW - recurrent selection ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impact of Mature Dairy Manure Compost and Water Content on Wettability and Bulk Density in Peat Moss-Perlite Root Substrate AU - Barnes, J. AU - Nelson, P. AU - Fonteno, W. C. AU - Whipker, B. AU - Jeong, Ka-Yeon T2 - INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RESPONSIBLE PEATLAND MANAGEMENT AND GROWING MEDIA PRODUCTION AB - ISHS International Symposium on Responsible Peatland Management and Growing Media Production IMPACT OF MATURE DAIRY MANURE COMPOST AND WATER CONTENT ON WETTABILITY AND BULK DENSITY IN PEAT MOSS-PERLITE ROOT SUBSTRATE DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2013.982.7 VL - 982 SP - 75-80 SN - 2406-6168 KW - hydration KW - organic substrates KW - peat moss alternatives KW - soilless substrates KW - transportation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Identification and Functional Analysis of Tomato BRI1 and BAK1 Receptor Kinase Phosphorylation Sites AU - Bajwa, Vikramjit S. AU - Wang, Xiaofeng AU - Blackburn, R. Kevin AU - Goshe, Michael B. AU - Mitra, Srijeet K. AU - Williams, Elisabeth L. AU - Bishop, Gerard J. AU - Krasnyanski, Sergei AU - Allen, George AU - Huber, Steven C. AU - Clouse, Steven D. T2 - PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AB - Brassinosteroids (BRs) are plant hormones that are perceived at the cell surface by a membrane-bound receptor kinase, BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 (BRI1). BRI1 interacts with BRI1-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE1 (BAK1) to initiate a signal transduction pathway in which autophosphorylation and transphosphorylation of BRI1 and BAK1, as well as phosphorylation of multiple downstream substrates, play critical roles. Detailed mechanisms of BR signaling have been examined in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), but the role of BRI1 and BAK1 phosphorylation in crop plants is unknown. As a foundation for understanding the mechanism of BR signaling in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), we used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to identify multiple in vitro phosphorylation sites of the tomato BRI1 and BAK1 cytoplasmic domains. Kinase assays showed that both tomato BRI1 and BAK1 are active in autophosphorylation as well as transphosphorylation of each other and specific peptide substrates with a defined sequence motif. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed that the highly conserved kinase domain activation loop residue threonine-1054 was essential for tomato BRI1 autophosphorylation and peptide substrate phosphorylation in vitro. Furthermore, analysis of transgenic lines expressing full-length tomato BRI1-Flag constructs in the weak tomato bri1 allele, curl3(-abs1), demonstrated that threonine-1054 is also essential for normal BRI1 signaling and tomato growth in planta. Finally, we cloned the tomato ortholog of TGF-β Receptor Interacting Protein (TRIP1), which was previously shown to be a BRI1-interacting protein and kinase domain substrate in Arabidopsis, and found that tomato TRIP1 is a substrate of both tomato BRI1 and BAK1 kinases in vitro. DA - 2013/9// PY - 2013/9// DO - 10.1104/pp.113.221465 VL - 163 IS - 1 SP - 30-42 SN - 1532-2548 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluation of tomato accessions for flavour and flavour-contributing components AU - Panthee, Dilip R. AU - Labate, Joanne A. AU - Robertson, Larry D. T2 - PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES-CHARACTERIZATION AND UTILIZATION AB - Flavour is one of the most highly demanded consumer traits of tomato at present; poor flavour is one of the most commonly heard complaints associated with modern varieties of tomato. In order to combine flavour with other desirable fruit traits in improved cultivars, it is important to determine how much variability exists in the crucial compounds that contribute most to flavour. The objective of the present study was to determine the variability of flavour-contributing components including total soluble solids (TSS) and total titratable acids (TTA) among other subjective traits related to flavour in a core collection of tomato accessions. The core collection was comprised of 173 tomato accessions with a wide genetic background from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Services (ARS) Plant Genetic Resources Unit repository. The TTA varied from 0.20 to 0.64%, whereas the TSS ranged from 3.4 to 9.0%, indicating the availability of broad variation for these traits. Rinon (PI 118783), Turrialba, Purple Calabash and LA2102 were among the high TTA (>0.45%) containing accessions, whereas those with high TSS (>7.0%) were AVRDC#6, Sponzillo and LA2102. A positive correlation of overall flavour with TTA ( r = 0.33; P < 0.05) and TSS ( r = 0.37; P < 0.05) indicated that these two components play an important role in determining the overall flavour in tomato. Subjectively measured other traits including fruity odour and fruity flavour had positive correlations with overall flavour. Overall flavour is discussed in the context of other traits including fruit firmness. Information obtained from this study may be useful for tomato breeders aiming to improve tomato flavour. DA - 2013/8// PY - 2013/8// DO - 10.1017/s1479262112000421 VL - 11 IS - 2 SP - 106-113 SN - 1479-263X KW - core collection KW - diversity analysis KW - fruit quality KW - Solanum lycopersicum ER - TY - CONF TI - Characterization of nutrient disorders of Gomphrena globosa 'Las Vegas purple' AU - Barnes, J. AU - Whipker, B. AU - McCall, I. AU - Frantz, J. C2 - 2013/// C3 - International symposium on responsible peatland management and growing media production DA - 2013/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2013.982.6 VL - 982 SP - 69-74 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Heritability and genetic variance estimates for resistance to downy mildew in cucumber accession Ames 2354 AU - Kozik, E. U. AU - Klosinska, U. AU - Call, A. D. AU - Wehner, T. C. T2 - Crop Science DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// VL - 53 IS - 1 SP - 177-182 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Deciphering the possible mechanism of exogenous NO alleviating alkali stress on cucumber leaves by transcriptomic analysis AU - Gao, Zhongxi AU - Wehner, Todd C. AU - Chen, Hao AU - Lin, Yan AU - Wang, Xiufeng AU - Wei, Min AU - Yang, Fengjuan AU - Shi, Qinghua T2 - SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE AB - Alkali stress is a major factor that limits crop yield, and nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the regulation of plants tolerant to abiotic stress. In the present study, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor, reversed the chlorosis of cucumber leaves caused by alkali stress. Physiological analysis indicated that application of SNP protected mesophyll cell ultrastructure from damage by alkali stress. SNP increased nutrient element utilization, pigment content, photosynthetic capacity and accumulation of organic acids. In this study, Solexa sequencing was used to investigate the effect of SNP on expression of genes involved in cucumber response to alkali stress. About 5.9 million (M) and 5.8 M 21-nt cDNA tags were sequenced from the cDNA library of the alkali treatment and SNP treatment, respectively. When annotated, a total of 10,271 genes for the alkali stress treatment from the Solexa sequencing tags and 10,288 genes for SNP treatment were identified. We detected 901 differentially expressed genes in two samples, of which 437 and 464 of them were up- or down-regulated by SNP under alkali stress, respectively. The expression levels of 11 differentially expressed genes were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. The trends observed agreed well with the Solexa expression profiles, although the degree of change was diverse in amplitude. Gene ontology analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in response to abiotic stress, cellular metabolic process, photosynthesis, transmembrane transportation and organelle development, which were in accordance with physiological results. DA - 2013/2/4/ PY - 2013/2/4/ DO - 10.1016/j.scienta.2012.11.033 VL - 150 SP - 377-386 SN - 1879-1018 KW - Cucumber KW - Alkali stress KW - Nitric oxide KW - Gene expression profiles KW - Alleviating effects ER - TY - JOUR TI - Breeding Cereal Crops for Enhanced Weed Suppression: Optimizing Allelopathy and Competitive Ability AU - Worthington, Margaret AU - Reberg-Horton, Chris T2 - JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY DA - 2013/2// PY - 2013/2// DO - 10.1007/s10886-013-0247-6 VL - 39 IS - 2 SP - 213-231 SN - 1573-1561 KW - Plant breeding KW - Heritability KW - Allelopathy KW - Competition KW - Interference KW - Weed KW - Herbicide KW - Organic agriculture KW - Rice KW - Wheat KW - Barley ER - TY - JOUR TI - Water quality effects on postharvest performance of cut calla, hydrangea, and snapdragon AU - Ahmad, Iftikhar AU - Dole, John M. AU - Carlson, Alicain S. AU - Blazich, Frank A. T2 - SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE AB - Effects of water quality on water uptake, change in fresh weight, vase solution pH and electrical conductivity (EC) change, termination symptoms, and longevity of cut ‘Nicole Yellow’ calla (Zantedeschia L.), ‘White Extra’ hydrangea [Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser.], and ‘Admiral Pink’ snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.) were studied. Calla was tolerant of high water pH (8.1); vase life varied only from 9.2 d for acidic solutions (pH 3.2) to 10.1 d for solutions with intermediate pH (6.3). Calla had the longest vase life at an EC of 0.75 dS m−1, whereas addition of floral preservative (Floralife Professional, Floralife, Walterboro, SC at 10 ml L−1) was ineffective. Low solution pH (2.9–3.3), increasing EC (up to 2.5 dS m−1), and use of floral preservative increased vase life of hydrangea. Increasing EC increased vase life of hydrangea from a low of 7.3 d to a high of 15.4 d at 2.5 dS m−1, when floral preservative was used and from a low of 3.5 d to a high of 5.7 d at 4.0 dS m−1 in distilled water. Vase solution pH of snapdragon had no significant effect on vase life or water uptake. Increasing EC increased vase life to a maximum of 14.8 d at 2.0 dS m−1 with preservative and to 9.7 d at 3.0 dS m−1 without preservative. Each species had differing responses to varying pH and EC levels; however, solution pH should be low, as high pH solutions either had no effect or reduced vase life, such as with hydrangea. EC of vase water for hydrangea and snapdragon should be approximately 2.0–2.5 dS m−1, when preservatives are used and 3.0–4.0 dS m−1 without, which is higher than most recommendations. Addition of preservative to vase solutions extended vase life of hydrangea and snapdragon, but did not affect calla. DA - 2013/4/4/ PY - 2013/4/4/ DO - 10.1016/j.scienta.2013.01.015 VL - 153 SP - 26-33 SN - 1879-1018 KW - Antirrhinum majus KW - Hydrangea macrophylla KW - Zantedeschia spp. KW - Electrical conductivity KW - pH KW - Cut flower longevity ER - TY - JOUR TI - Use of AFLP Markers to Assess Genetic Diversity in Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Populations from North Carolina and Georgia AU - Chandi, Aman AU - Milla-Lewis, Susana R. AU - Jordan, David L. AU - York, Alan C. AU - Burton, James D. AU - Zuleta, M. Carolina AU - Whitaker, Jared R. AU - Culpepper, A. Stanley T2 - WEED SCIENCE AB - Glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth is a serious problem in southern cropping systems. Much phenotypic variation is observed in Palmer amaranth populations with respect to plant growth and development and susceptibility to herbicides. This may be related to levels of genetic diversity existing in populations. Knowledge of genetic diversity in populations of Palmer amaranth may be useful in understanding distribution and development of herbicide resistance. Research was conducted to assess genetic diversity among and within eight Palmer amaranth populations collected from North Carolina and Georgia using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Pair-wise genetic similarity (GS) values were found to be relatively low, averaging 0.34. The highest and the lowest GS between populations were 0.49 and 0.24, respectively, while the highest and the lowest GS within populations were 0.56 and 0.36, respectively. Cluster and principal coordinate (PCO) analyses grouped individuals mostly by population (localized geographic region) irrespective of response to glyphosate or gender of individuals. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) results when populations were nested within states revealed significant variation among and within populations within states while variation among states was not significant. Variation among and within populations within state accounted for 19 and 77% of the total variation, respectively, while variation among states accounted for only 3% of the total variation. The within population contribution towards total variation was always higher than among states and among populations within states irrespective of response to glyphosate or gender of individuals. These results are significant in terms of efficacy of similar management approaches both in terms of chemical and biological control in different areas infested with Palmer amaranth. DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// DO - 10.1614/ws-d-12-00053.1 VL - 61 IS - 1 SP - 136-145 SN - 1550-2759 KW - Glyphosate KW - herbicide resistance KW - phenotypic variation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Monolignol Pathway 4-Coumaric Acid: Coenzyme A Ligases in Populus trichocarpa: Novel Specificity, Metabolic Regulation, and Simulation of Coenzyme A Ligation Fluxes AU - Chen, Hsi-Chuan AU - Song, Jina AU - Williams, Cranos M. AU - Shuford, Christopher M. AU - Liu, Jie AU - Wang, Jack P. AU - Li, Quanzi AU - Shi, Rui AU - Gokce, Emine AU - Ducoste, Joel AU - Muddiman, David C. AU - Sederoff, Ronald R. AU - Chiang, Vincent L. T2 - PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AB - 4-Coumaric acid:coenzyme A ligase (4CL) is involved in monolignol biosynthesis for lignification in plant cell walls. It ligates coenzyme A (CoA) with hydroxycinnamic acids, such as 4-coumaric and caffeic acids, into hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA thioesters. The ligation ensures the activated state of the acid for reduction into monolignols. In Populus spp., it has long been thought that one monolignol-specific 4CL is involved. Here, we present evidence of two monolignol 4CLs, Ptr4CL3 and Ptr4CL5, in Populus trichocarpa. Ptr4CL3 is the ortholog of the monolignol 4CL reported for many other species. Ptr4CL5 is novel. The two Ptr4CLs exhibited distinct Michaelis-Menten kinetic properties. Inhibition kinetics demonstrated that hydroxycinnamic acid substrates are also inhibitors of 4CL and suggested that Ptr4CL5 is an allosteric enzyme. Experimentally validated flux simulation, incorporating reaction/inhibition kinetics, suggested two CoA ligation paths in vivo: one through 4-coumaric acid and the other through caffeic acid. We previously showed that a membrane protein complex mediated the 3-hydroxylation of 4-coumaric acid to caffeic acid. The demonstration here of two ligation paths requiring these acids supports this 3-hydroxylation function. Ptr4CL3 regulates both CoA ligation paths with similar efficiencies, whereas Ptr4CL5 regulates primarily the caffeic acid path. Both paths can be inhibited by caffeic acid. The Ptr4CL5-catalyzed caffeic acid metabolism, therefore, may also act to mitigate the inhibition by caffeic acid to maintain a proper ligation flux. A high level of caffeic acid was detected in stem-differentiating xylem of P. trichocarpa. Our results suggest that Ptr4CL5 and caffeic acid coordinately modulate the CoA ligation flux for monolignol biosynthesis. DA - 2013/3// PY - 2013/3// DO - 10.1104/pp.112.210971 VL - 161 IS - 3 SP - 1501-1516 SN - 0032-0889 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Efficient Quantification of the Health-Relevant Anthocyanin and Phenolic Acid Profiles in Commercial Cultivars and Breeding Selections of Blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) AU - Yousef, Gad G. AU - Brown, Allan F. AU - Funakoshi, Yayoi AU - Mbeunkui, Flaubert AU - Grace, Mary H. AU - Ballington, James R. AU - Loraine, Ann AU - Lila, Mary A. T2 - JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY AB - Anthocyanins and phenolic acids are major secondary metabolites in blueberry with important implications for human health maintenance. An improved protocol was developed for the accurate, efficient, and rapid comparative screening for large blueberry sample sets. Triplicates of six commercial cultivars and four breeding selections were analyzed using the new method. The compound recoveries ranged from 94.2 to 97.5 ± 5.3% when samples were spiked with commercial standards prior to extraction. Eighteen anthocyanins and 4 phenolic acids were quantified in frozen and freeze-dried fruits. Large variations for individual and total anthocyanins, ranging from 201.4 to 402.8 mg/100 g, were assayed in frozen fruits. The total phenolic acid content ranged from 23.6 to 61.7 mg/100 g in frozen fruits. Across all genotypes, freeze-drying resulted in minor reductions in anthocyanin concentration (3.9%) compared to anthocyanins in frozen fruits. However, phenolic acids increased by an average of 1.9-fold (±0.3) in the freeze-dried fruit. Different genotypes frequently had comparable overall levels of total anthocyanins and phenolic acids, but differed dramatically in individual profiles of compounds. Three of the genotypes contained markedly higher concentrations of delphinidin 3-O-glucoside, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, and malvidin 3-O-glucoside, which have previously been implicated as bioactive principles in this fruit. The implications of these findings for human health benefits are discussed. DA - 2013/5/22/ PY - 2013/5/22/ DO - 10.1021/jf400823s VL - 61 IS - 20 SP - 4806-4815 SN - 1520-5118 KW - anthocyanins KW - chlorogenic acid KW - blueberry KW - HPLC-DAD-MS KW - Vaccinium spp. KW - freeze-drying KW - health benefits ER - TY - JOUR TI - Uncertainty analysis of the recovery of hollow-fiber ultrafiltration for multiple microbe classes from water: A Bayesian approach AU - Wu, Jianyong AU - Simmons, Otto D., III AU - Sobsey, Mark D. T2 - JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS AB - In this study, we introduce a Bayesian approach to address uncertainty of microbial recoveries from hollow-fiber ultrafilters (HFUF) and to determine any sources of uncertainty. Microbial recoveries were measured under twenty conditions, including two types of water, two types of ultrafilters, and five types of microorganisms. The probability distributions of the recoveries were approximated using Bayesian statistics with Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling after integrating the likelihood function of the recovery data and prior information about the data. Then a variance-decomposition method was used for examining influential factors on microbial recovery by HFUF. The results revealed that HFUF efficiently recovered Escherichia coli KO11, E. coli O157:H7 and bacteriophage MS2, but recoveries for Bacillus atrophaeus spores and adenovirus 41 were markedly different between source and treated waters. The uncertainty analysis indicated that the probability distributions for recoveries had dissimilar patterns under different conditions. Among these test factors, the type of microorganisms and associated interaction effects had great impacts on the recovery. To sum up, the Bayesian approach to uncertainty analysis shows advantages in evaluating the recovery of HFUF by providing its full probability distribution. DA - 2013/6// PY - 2013/6// DO - 10.1016/j.mimet.2013.03.005 VL - 93 IS - 3 SP - 161-167 SN - 1872-8359 KW - Hollow-fiber ultrafilter KW - Recovery KW - Bayesian statistics KW - Uncertainty analysis KW - Drinking water KW - Microorganisms ER - TY - JOUR TI - The reduction of plant-available nitrogen by cover crop mulches and subsequent effects on soybean performance and weed interference AU - Wells, M.S. AU - Reberg-Horton, S.C. AU - Smith, A.N. AU - Grossman, J.M. T2 - Agronomy Journal AB - A 3 site‐year study was conducted to investigate the impact of roller‐crimped rye (RC) ( Secale cereale L.) mulches on soil N immobilization and subsequent effects on weed suppression and soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield. Treatments consisted of: (i) RC, (ii) conventional tillage with neither rye cover crop nor weed control measures (WC), (iii) conventional tillage plus herbicide weed control (CT+HB), and, (iv) roller‐crimped rye plus herbicide (RC+HB). The rye biomass varied between the sites with 4400, 8300, and 7084 kg ha −1 dry matter (DM) for Goldsboro 2009, Kinston 2009, and Kinston 2010, respectively. During the season, the flow of soil inorganic N was monitored via ion‐exchange probes and by direct extractions at two depths (0–10 and 10–25 cm) every 2 wk. Tissue data was collected every 2 wk on soybean and redroot pigweed ( Amaranthus retroflexus L.) to determine the C/N ratio. For all sites, peak N immobilization occurred between 4 and 6 weeks after planting (WAP), indicated by a reduction in soil inorganic N. Results from the ion‐exchange probes showed similar trends of the extractable soil inorganic N at all sites. Pigweed C/N ratios revealed a growing divergence between the two systems, with a severe N deficiency in the RC. Even with varying rye biomass production across environments the RC system created an extremely low N environment, suggesting that when a cereal cover crop is paired with a legume cash crop, reduced weed crop interference may result, with little reduction in soybean yield. DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// DO - 10.2134/agronj2012.0396 VL - 105 IS - 2 SP - 1–7 SN - 1435-0645 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The high-quality draft genome of peach (Prunus persica) identifies unique patterns of genetic diversity, domestication and genome evolution AU - Verde, Ignazio AU - Abbott, Albert G. AU - Scalabrin, Simone AU - Jung, Sook AU - Shu, Shengqiang AU - Marroni, Fabio AU - Zhebentyayeva, Tatyana AU - Dettori, Maria Teresa AU - Grimwood, Jane AU - Cattonaro, Federica AU - Zuccolo, Andrea AU - Rossini, Laura AU - Jenkins, Jerry AU - Vendramin, Elisa AU - Meisel, Lee A. AU - Decroocq, Veronique AU - Sosinski, Bryon AU - Prochnik, Simon AU - Mitros, Therese AU - Policriti, Alberto AU - Cipriani, Guido AU - Dondini, Luca AU - Ficklin, Stephen AU - Goodstein, David M. AU - Xuan, Pengfei AU - Del Fabbro, Cristian AU - Aramini, Valeria AU - Copetti, Dario AU - Gonzalez, Susana AU - Horner, David S. AU - Falchi, Rachele AU - Lucas, Susan AU - Mica, Erica AU - Maldonado, Jonathan AU - Lazzari, Barbara AU - Bielenberg, Douglas AU - Pirona, Raul AU - Miculan, Mara AU - Barakat, Abdelali AU - Testolin, Raffaele AU - Stella, Alessandra AU - Tartarini, Stefano AU - Tonutti, Pietro AU - Arus, Pere AU - Orellana, Ariel AU - Wells, Christina AU - Main, Dorrie AU - Vizzotto, Giannina AU - Silva, Herman AU - Salamini, Francesco AU - Schmutz, Jeremy AU - Morgante, Michele AU - Rokhsar, Daniel S. T2 - NATURE GENETICS AB - Rosaceae is the most important fruit-producing clade, and its key commercially relevant genera (Fragaria, Rosa, Rubus and Prunus) show broadly diverse growth habits, fruit types and compact diploid genomes. Peach, a diploid Prunus species, is one of the best genetically characterized deciduous trees. Here we describe the high-quality genome sequence of peach obtained from a completely homozygous genotype. We obtained a complete chromosome-scale assembly using Sanger whole-genome shotgun methods. We predicted 27,852 protein-coding genes, as well as noncoding RNAs. We investigated the path of peach domestication through whole-genome resequencing of 14 Prunus accessions. The analyses suggest major genetic bottlenecks that have substantially shaped peach genome diversity. Furthermore, comparative analyses showed that peach has not undergone recent whole-genome duplication, and even though the ancestral triplicated blocks in peach are fragmentary compared to those in grape, all seven paleosets of paralogs from the putative paleoancestor are detectable. DA - 2013/5// PY - 2013/5// DO - 10.1038/ng.2586 VL - 45 IS - 5 SP - 487-U47 SN - 1061-4036 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Multiple divergent ITS1 copies were identified in single tomato genome using DGGE analysis AU - Liu, B. AU - Louws, F. T2 - Plant Molecular Biology Reporter DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// VL - 31 IS - 2 SP - 272-279 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Inheritance of resistance to the new race of powdery mildew in watermelon AU - Tetteh, A. Y. AU - Wehner, T. C. AU - Davis, A. R. T2 - Crop Science DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// VL - 53 IS - 3 SP - 880-887 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Elevated relative humidity increases the incidence of distorted growth and boron deficiency in bedding plant plugs AU - Krug, B. A. AU - Whipker, B. E. AU - McCall, I. AU - Frantz, J. T2 - HortScience DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// VL - 48 IS - 3 SP - 311-313 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Chromosomal Mapping and QTL Analysis of Resistance to Downy Mildew in Cucumis sativus AU - Zhang, S. P. AU - Liu, M. M. AU - Miao, H. AU - Zhang, S. Q. AU - Yang, Y. H. AU - Xie, B. Y. AU - Wehner, T. C. AU - Gu, X. F. T2 - PLANT DISEASE AB - Downy mildew of cucumber (Cucumis sativus), caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis, is a major foliar disease worldwide. The cucumber inbred lines K8 (resistant to downy mildew) and K18 (susceptible) were used to study the inheritance of resistance to downy mildew. Chromosomal mapping of the resistance genes was completed to provide a theoretical basis for the resistance mechanisms and for marker assisted selection (MAS). Inoculation was used to test the level of resistance to P. cubensis in the F 2 and F 2:3 families derived from the cross K8 × K18. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) analysis, combined with bulked segregation analysis (BSA), was done with the DNA of F 2 plants using 2,360 pairs of SSR primers. JoinMap Version 3.0 and MapInspect were used to construct SSR linkages and to verify the relationships between these SSR linkages and cucumber chromosomes. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of downy mildew resistance was done using MapQTL Version 4.0. Inheritance of resistance to downy mildew in K8 was quantitative. Five QTLs for resistance to downy mildew were detected: dm1.1, dm5.1, dm5.2, dm5.3, and dm6.1. The loci of dm1.1 and dm6.1 were on chromosomes 1 and 6, respectively. The loci of dm5.1, dm5.2, and dm5.3 were on chromosome 5, and were linked. Six linked SSR markers for these five QTLs were identified: SSR31116, SSR20705, SSR00772, SSR11012, SSR16882, and SSR16110. Six and four nucleotide binding site (NBS)-type resistance gene analogs (RGAs) were predicted in the region of dm5.2 and dm5.3, respectively. These results will be of benefit for fine-mapping the major QTLs for downy mildew resistance, and for MAS in cucumber. DA - 2013/2// PY - 2013/2// DO - 10.1094/pdis-11-11-0941-re VL - 97 IS - 2 SP - 245-251 SN - 1943-7692 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A physical map of the Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) genome and its integration with the genetic map AU - Fang, Guang-Chen AU - Blackmon, Barbara P. AU - Staton, Margaret E. AU - Nelson, C. Dana AU - Kubisiak, Thomas L. AU - Olukolu, Bode A. AU - Henry, David AU - Zhebentyayeva, Tatyana AU - Saski, Christopher A. AU - Cheng, Chun-Huai AU - Monsanto, Megan AU - Ficklin, Stephen AU - Atkins, Michael AU - Georgi, Laura L. AU - Barakat, Abdelali AU - Wheeler, Nicholas AU - Carlson, John E. AU - Sederoff, Ronald AU - Abbott, Albert G. T2 - TREE GENETICS & GENOMES AB - Three Chinese chestnut bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries were developed and used for physical map construction. Specifically, high information content fingerprinting was used to assemble 126,445 BAC clones into 1,377 contigs and 12,919 singletons. Integration of the dense Chinese chestnut genetic map with the physical map was achieved via high-throughput hybridization using overgo probes derived from sequence-based genetic markers. A total of 1,026 probes were anchored to the physical map including 831 probes corresponding to 878 expressed sequence tag-based markers. Within the physical map, three BAC contigs were anchored to the three major fungal blight-resistant quantitative trait loci on chestnut linkage groups B, F, and G. A subset of probes corresponding to orthologous genes in poplar showed only a limited amount of conserved gene order between the poplar and chestnut genomes. The integrated genetic and physical map of Chinese chestnut is available at www.fagaceae.org/physical_maps . DA - 2013/4// PY - 2013/4// DO - 10.1007/s11295-012-0576-6 VL - 9 IS - 2 SP - 525-537 SN - 1614-2950 KW - Castanea spp. KW - Chestnut KW - BAC library KW - HICF fingerprinting KW - Physical map KW - Comparative genomics KW - Chestnut blight resistance ER - TY - JOUR TI - Overcoming Weed Management Challenges in Cover Crop-Based Organic Rotational No-Till Soybean Production in the Eastern United States AU - Mirsky, Steven B. AU - Ryan, Matthew R. AU - Teasdale, John R. AU - Curran, William S. AU - Reberg-Horton, Chris S. AU - Spargo, John T. AU - Wells, M. Scott AU - Keene, Clair L. AU - Moyer, Jeff W. T2 - WEED TECHNOLOGY AB - Cover crop–based organic rotational no-till soybean production has attracted attention from farmers, researchers, and other agricultural professionals because of the ability of this new system to enhance soil conservation, reduce labor requirements, and decrease diesel fuel use compared to traditional organic production. This system is based on the use of cereal rye cover crops that are mechanically terminated with a roller-crimper to create in situ mulch that suppresses weeds and promotes soybean growth. In this paper, we report experiments that were conducted over the past decade in the eastern region of the United States on cover crop–based organic rotational no-till soybean production, and we outline current management strategies and future research needs. Our research has focused on maximizing cereal rye spring ground cover and biomass because of the crucial role this cover crop plays in weed suppression. Soil fertility and cereal rye sowing and termination timing affect biomass production, and these factors can be manipulated to achieve levels greater than 8,000 kg ha −1 , a threshold identified for consistent suppression of annual weeds. Manipulating cereal rye seeding rate and seeding method also influences ground cover and weed suppression. In general, weed suppression is species-specific, with early emerging summer annual weeds (e.g., common ragweed), high weed seed bank densities (e.g. > 10,000 seeds m −2 ), and perennial weeds (e.g., yellow nutsedge) posing the greatest challenges. Due to the challenges with maximizing cereal rye weed suppression potential, we have also found high-residue cultivation to significantly improve weed control. In addition to cover crop and weed management, we have made progress with planting equipment and planting density for establishing soybean into a thick cover crop residue. Our current and future research will focus on integrated multitactic weed management, cultivar selection, insect pest suppression, and nitrogen management as part of a systems approach to advancing this new production system. DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// DO - 10.1614/wt-d-12-00078.1 VL - 27 IS - 1 SP - 193-203 SN - 1550-2740 KW - Reduced-tillage KW - organic ER - TY - JOUR TI - Interference and Control of Glyphosate-Resistant and -Susceptible Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Populations under Greenhouse Conditions AU - Chandi, Aman AU - Jordan, David L. AU - York, Alan C. AU - Milla-Lewis, Susana R. AU - Burton, James D. AU - Culpepper, A. Stanley AU - Whitaker, Jared R. T2 - WEED SCIENCE AB - Interference for 40 d after emergence (DAE) of corn, cotton, peanut, and snap bean by four glyphosate-resistant (GR) and four glyphosate-susceptible (GS) Palmer amaranth populations from Georgia and North Carolina was compared in the greenhouse. Greater interference from Palmer amaranth, measured as crop height and fresh weight reduction, was noted in cotton and peanut compared with corn or snap bean. Crop height 15 to 40 DAE was reduced similarly by GR and GS populations. Crop fresh weight, however, was reduced 25 and 19% in the presence of GS and GR populations, respectively. Measured as percent reduction in fresh weight, GR and GS populations of Palmer amaranth were controlled similarly by glufosinate, lactofen, paraquat, and trifloxysulfuron applied POST. Atrazine and dicamba controlled GR populations more effectively than GS populations. DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// DO - 10.1614/ws-d-12-00063.1 VL - 61 IS - 2 SP - 259-266 SN - 1550-2759 KW - Population response to herbicides KW - weed interference ER - TY - JOUR TI - Influence of Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) on the Critical Period for Weed Control in Plasticulture-Grown Tomato AU - Garvey, Paul V., Jr. AU - Meyers, Stephen L. AU - Monks, David W. AU - Coble, Harold D. T2 - WEED TECHNOLOGY AB - Field studies were conducted in 1996, 1997, and 1998 at Clinton, NC, to determine the influence of Palmer amaranth establishment and removal periods on the yield and quality of plasticulture-grown ‘Mountain Spring' fresh market tomato. Treatments consisted of 14 Palmer amaranth establishment and removal periods. Half of the treatments were weed removal treatments (REM), in which Palmer amaranth was sowed at the time tomato transplanting and allowed to remain in the field for 0 (weed-free all season), 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, or 10 wk after transplanting (WAT). The second set of the treatments, weed establishment treatments (EST), consisted of sowing Palmer amaranth 0 (weedy all season), 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, or 10 WAT and allowing it to grow in competition with tomato the remainder of the season. Tomato shoot dry weight was reduced 23, 7, and 11 g plant −1 for each week Palmer amaranth removal was delayed from 0 to 10 WAT in 1996, 1997, and 1998, respectively. Marketable tomato yield ranged from 87,000 to 41,000 kg ha −1 for REM of 0 to 10 WAT and 28,000 to 88,000 kg ha −1 for EST of 0 to 6 WAT. Percentage of jumbo, large, medium, and cull tomato yields ranged from 49 to 33%, 22 to 31%, 2 to 6%, and 9 to 11%, respectively, for REM of 0 to 10 WAT and 30 to 49%, 38 to 22%, 3 to 2%, and 12 to 9%, respectively, for EST of 0 to 6 WAT. To avoid losses of marketable tomato yield and percentage of jumbo tomato fruit yield, tomato plots must remain free of Palmer amaranth between 3 and 6 WAT. Observed reduction in marketable tomato yield was likely due to competition for light as Palmer amaranth plants exceeded the tomato plant canopy 6 WAT and remained taller than tomato plants for the remainder of the growing season. DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// DO - 10.1614/wt-d-12-00028.1 VL - 27 IS - 1 SP - 165-170 SN - 1550-2740 KW - Interspecific competition KW - intraspecific competition KW - light KW - marketable yields KW - weed-free period ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of Halosulfuron POST on Sweetpotato Yield and Storage Root Quality AU - Dittmar, Peter J. AU - Monks, David W. AU - Jennings, Katherine M. AU - Schultheis, Jonathan R. T2 - WEED TECHNOLOGY AB - Field studies were conducted to determine the effect of halosulfuron at 0, 13, 26, 39 or 52 g ha −1 applied 10, 22, and 31 d after planting (DAP) on ‘Beauregard' and ‘Covington' sweetpotato. Storage roots were harvested, graded, cured, and stored in controlled environment for 2 mo. Where injury on storage roots was observed, external injury occurred on the surface of the storage root as a blackened area with blistering and internal injury consisted of small red-brown spots inside the sweetpotato storage root. Total yield of sweetpotato with 13 g ha −1 halosulfuron treatment (155,157 kg ha −1 ) was similar to the nontreated check (162,002 kg ha −1 ). However, halosulfuron rates above 13 g ha −1 resulted in a reduction of marketable grade roots and total yield of sweetpotato. Regardless of rate and timing of halosulfuron, external and internal injury to Beauregard storage roots was less than 6 and 9%, respectively. No external injury to Covington was observed from all rates of halosulfuron applied POST at 10 DAP. Halosulfuron at 22 DAP to Covington caused greater external injury to storage roots than was observed on the nontreated. Thus, Beauregard appears more tolerant to halosulfuron POST than Covington. To minimize internal or external injury to storage roots of Covington, halosulfuron must be applied within 10 DAP. DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// DO - 10.1614/wt-d-11-00175.1 VL - 27 IS - 1 SP - 113-116 SN - 1550-2740 KW - Application timing KW - crop injury KW - crop tolerance KW - rate ER - TY - JOUR TI - A Connected Set of Genes Associated with Programmed Cell Death Implicated in Controlling the Hypersensitive Response in Maize AU - Olukolu, Bode A. AU - Negeri, Adisu AU - Dhawan, Rahul AU - Venkata, Bala P. AU - Sharma, Pankaj AU - Garg, Anshu AU - Gachomo, Emma AU - Marla, Sandeep AU - Chu, Kevin AU - Hasan, Anna AU - Ji, Jiabing AU - Chintamanani, Satya AU - Green, Jason AU - Shyu, Chi-Ren AU - Wisser, Randall AU - Holland, James AU - Johal, Guri AU - Balint-Kurti, Peter T2 - GENETICS AB - Abstract Rp1-D21 is a maize auto-active resistance gene conferring a spontaneous hypersensitive response (HR) of variable severity depending on genetic background. We report an association mapping strategy based on the Mutant Assisted Gene Identification and Characterization approach to identify naturally occurring allelic variants associated with phenotypic variation in HR. Each member of a collection of 231 diverse inbred lines of maize constituting a high-resolution association mapping panel were crossed to a parental stock heterozygous for Rp1-D21, and the segregating F1 generation testcrosses were evaluated for phenotypes associated with lesion severity for 2 years at two locations. A genome-wide scan for associations with HR was conducted with 47,445 SNPs using a linear mixed model that controlled for spurious associations due to population structure. Since the ability to identify candidate genes and the resolution of association mapping are highly influenced by linkage disequilibrium (LD), we examined the extent of genome-wide LD. On average, marker pairs separated by &gt;10 kbp had an r2 value of &lt;0.1. Genomic regions surrounding SNPs significantly associated with HR traits were locally saturated with additional SNP markers to establish local LD structure and precisely identify candidate genes. Six significantly associated SNPs at five loci were detected. At each locus, the associated SNP was located within or immediately adjacent to candidate causative genes predicted to play significant roles in the control of programmed cell death and especially in ubiquitin pathway-related processes. DA - 2013/2// PY - 2013/2// DO - 10.1534/genetics.112.147595 VL - 193 IS - 2 SP - 609-+ SN - 0016-6731 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Localization of a New Gene for Bitterness in Cucumber AU - Zhang, Shengping AU - Miao, Han AU - Sun, Rifei AU - Wang, Xiaowu AU - Huang, Sanwen AU - Wehner, Todd C. AU - Gu, Xingfang T2 - JOURNAL OF HEREDITY AB - Bitterness in cucumber fruit and foliage is due to the presence of cucurbitacins. Several genes have been described that control the trait, with bi (bi-1) making fruit and foliage bitter free and Bt (Bt-1) making the fruit highly bitter. Previous studies have reported the inheritance and molecular markers linked to bi-1 or Bt-1, but we were interested in studying the inheritance of fruit bitterness in the progeny of 2 nonbitter fruit inbred lines. The objective was to determine the inheritance of cucumber fruit and foliage bitterness and to locate them on a current linkage map using a recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population derived by crossing 9110Gt and 9930. It was concluded from the inheritance analysis that there were 2 loci controlling fruit bitterness in the population. One locus was in the same position as the location previously identified for bi-1, and another locus was for bi-3. Using a simple sequence repeat (SSR) linkage map, 2 loci for fruit bitterness in this RILs population were mapped. The locus of bi-1 was located at the region between SSR0004 and SSR02309 within the genetic distance of 5.2 cM on chromosome 6. The locus of bi-3 was placed in the region of SSR00116–SSR05321 within the genetic distance of 6.3 cM on chromosome 5. The physical distances for the regions of bi-1 and bi-3 were 11,430.94 Kb with 160 predicted genes and 1528.23 Kb with 198 predicted genes, respectively. Among 160 predicted genes for bi-1, there is a terpene synthase gene named Csa008595, which was speculated as the candidate gene of bi-1. DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// DO - 10.1093/jhered/ess075 VL - 104 IS - 1 SP - 134-139 SN - 1465-7333 KW - Cucumis sativus L KW - gene prediction KW - inheritance KW - Marker-assisted selection KW - molecular marker ER - TY - JOUR TI - Methodology for Inoculating Sweetpotato Virus Disease: Discovery of Tip Dieback, and Plant Recovery and Reversion in Different Clones AU - Mwanga, R. O. M. AU - Yencho, G. C. AU - Gibson, R. W. AU - Moyer, J. W. T2 - PLANT DISEASE AB - Evaluating sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) genotypes for resistance to sweetpotato virus disease (SPVD) has been slow and inefficient. Ipomoea setosa plants, normally used as the source of scions for graft-infecting sweetpotatoes with viral diseases, are often severely stunted and their mortality is 10 to 30% when infected with SPVD, making them unsuitable as scions. Tanzania, a landrace of I. batatas widely grown in East Africa, was found to be a superior host for maintaining and increasing SPVD inoculum (scions) for mass grafting. Modifications to a cleft-grafting technique also increased survival of grafted SPVD-affected scions from 5 to 100%. These modifications, coupled with an efficient SPVD scoring technique, allowed rapid screening of large sweetpotato populations for SPVD resistance. Plant recovery from SPVD is reported here as a component of SPVD resistance. Differences in recovery from SPVD were detected among progenies, indicating its genetic basis. Plant tip dieback, a hypersensitivity response, was observed only in families with cv. Wagabolige as a parent. These findings may open up new opportunities for improved understanding and control of this devastating disease. DA - 2013/1// PY - 2013/1// DO - 10.1094/pdis-12-11-1072-re VL - 97 IS - 1 SP - 30-36 SN - 1943-7692 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hydrolysis and fermentation of sweetpotatoes for production of fermentable sugars and ethanol AU - Duvernay, William H. AU - Chinn, Mari S. AU - Yencho, G. Craig T2 - INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS AB - Liquefaction, saccharification, and fermentation of FTA-94 industrial sweetpotatoes (ISPs) were examined using α-amylase and glucoamylase for the production of ethanol. Starch degradation and sugars produced over time were examined for (1) α-amylase (Liquozyme SC) at different loading rates (0.045, 0.45, and 4.5% KNU-S/g dry ISP) during liquefaction; and (2) three glucoamylases (Spirizyme Fuel, Spirizyme Plus Tech, and Spirizyme Ultra) at different loading rates (0.5, 1.0, and 5.0 AGU/g dry ISP) during saccharification. The majority of starch, 47.7 and 65.4% of dry matter, was converted during liquefaction of flour and fresh sweetpotato preparations, respectively, with the addition of 0.45 KNU-S/g dry ISP of Liquozyme SC after 2 h (66.4 and 80.1% initial starch in dry matter, respectively). The enzymes used during saccharification increased starch breakdown, but was more effective in conversion of short chain carbohydrates to fermentable sugars. The addition of 5.0 AGU/g of Spirizyme Ultra after 48 h produced 795.4 and 685.3 mg glucose/g starch with flour and fresh preparations, respectively. Yeast fermentation on hydrolyzed starch was examined over time with and without the addition of salt nutrients. Yeast converted all fermentable sugar (e.g. glucose, fructose, maltose) and produced 62.6 and 33.6 g ethanol/L of hydrolysate for flour (25% w/v, substrate loading) and fresh (12.5% w/v, substrate loading) ISP, respectively, after 48 h without salt addition. DA - 2013/3// PY - 2013/3// DO - 10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.06.028 VL - 42 SP - 527-537 SN - 1872-633X KW - Industrial sweet potatoes KW - Enzymes KW - Hydrolysis KW - Fermentation KW - Glucose KW - Ethanol ER - TY - JOUR TI - First Report of Potato spindle tuber viroid Naturally Infecting Greenhouse Tomatoes in North Carolina AU - Ling, K. -S. AU - Li, R. AU - Panthee, D. R. AU - Gardner, R. G. T2 - PLANT DISEASE AB - In spring 2012, a severe disease was observed on a limited number of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in a research greenhouse facility in western North Carolina. The first symptoms noted were downward curling of the terminal leaves accompanied by a rough puckered darker green texture. This was followed in time by greater distortion of the leaves with pale green on leaf margins. Older leaves with symptoms developed necrosis, with necrotic spots and streaks appearing on a few fruits. On some of these affected fruits, stems, peduncles, pedicels, and sepals also showed symptoms. Infected plants were badly stunted, and fruits in the upper parts of plants displaying severe symptoms remained very small. In just a few months, the disease spread to other tomato plants inside the greenhouse. A survey in May 2012 showed a disease incidence of 18% (156 symptomatic plants out of a total of 864) in this greenhouse. Initial screenings for possible viruses using ELISA (Agdia, Elkhart, IN), as well as a reverse transcription (RT)-PCR panel of 15 common tomato viruses in our laboratory were negative. Because of the symptoms and negative results for viruses, a viroid infection was suspected. Total plant RNA was prepared using TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) from leaf tissues of eight diseased plants and one seed sample. Using real-time RT-PCR developed against Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) and some related pospiviroids (1), positive signals were observed with a mean Ct = 13.24 for leaf tissues and Ct = 19.91 for the seed sample. To obtain a full viroid genome, RT-PCR using two different sets of primers, one specific for PSTVd (PSTVd-F and PSTVd-R) (2), and a universal primer set for pospiviroids (MTTVd-F and MTTVd-R) (3) was performed. RT-PCR generated amplicons with expected size of ~360 bp from all eight leaf and one seed samples, but not from a healthy control. PCR products were cloned using the TOPO TA cloning kit (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). A total of 22 full genomic sequences were obtained. A multi-sequence alignment generated a consensus sequence of 360 nt, designated as NC12-01 (GenBank Accession No. JX280944). BLASTn search in the NCBI database revealed the highest sequence identity of 96.9% to Australian (AY962324) and UK (AJ583449) isolates of PSTVd and 95.9% identity to the tomato isolate of PSTVd-CA1 (HM753555). Similar disease symptoms were observed on two ‘Rutgers’ tomato plants 2 weeks post mechanical inoculation and the presence of PSTVd was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR (1). A mock-inoculated plant did not show any symptoms. In the U.S., natural infection of PSTVd on tomato was first identified in California in 2010 (3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of a natural occurrence of PSTVd on tomato in the eastern U.S. The diseased plants were contained, properly disposed of, and eradicated in this location. The broader geographic distribution of PSTVd on tomato in the U.S., and the potential latent infection in potato and a number of ornamentals (4), emphasizes the need for better plant and seed health tests for viroids on these plants. References: (1) N. Boonham et al. J. Virol. Methods 116:139, 2004. (2) H. Bostan et al. J. Virol. Methods 116:189, 2004. (3) K.-S. Ling and D. Sfetcu. Plant Dis. 94:1376, 2010. (4) R. A. Owens and J. Th. J. Verhoeven. The Plant Health Instructor. DOI: 10.1094/PHI-I-2009-0804-01, 2009. DA - 2013/1// PY - 2013/1// DO - 10.1094/pdis-07-12-0679-pdn VL - 97 IS - 1 SP - 148-149 SN - 0191-2917 ER -