TY - CONF TI - Cysteine and Methionine QTL in soybean AU - Panthee, D.R. AU - Pantalone, V.R. AU - Sams, C.E. AU - Saxton, A.M. AU - West, D.R. T2 - ASA Southern Branch Meeting C2 - 2004/// DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Soybean molecular markers for seed nitrogen accumulation AU - Panthee, D.R. AU - Sams, C.E. AU - Saxton, A.M. AU - West, D.R. AU - Pantalone, V.R. T2 - ASA Southern Branch Meeting C2 - 2004/// DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Quantitative trait loci for -conglycinin (7S) and glycinin (11S) fractions of soybean storage protein AU - Panthee, D.R. AU - Kwanyuen, P. AU - Sams, C.E. AU - West, D.R. AU - Saxton, A.M. AU - Pantalone, V.R. T2 - 10th Biennial Conference of the Cellular and Molecular Biology of the Soybean C2 - 2004/// C3 - 10th Biennial Conference of the Cellular and Molecular Biology of the Soybean DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fungicide evaluation for tomato early blight and late blight, 2003 AU - Shoemaker, P.B. AU - Milks, D.C. AU - Lynch, N.P. T2 - Fungicide and Nematicide Tests DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - Report 59 SP - V120 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fungicide product evaluation for tomato gray mold, 2003 AU - Shoemaker, P.B. AU - Milks, D.C. AU - Lynch, N.P. T2 - Fungicide and Nematicide Tests DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - Report 59 SP - V123 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fungicides and combinations for tomato late blight and other diseases, 2003 AU - Shoemaker, P.B. AU - Milks, D.C. AU - Lynch, N.P. T2 - Fungicide and Nematicide Tests DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - Report 59 SP - V122 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Spray schedules for tomato bacterial canker management, 2003 AU - Shoemaker, P.B. AU - Milks, D.C. AU - Lynch, N.P. T2 - Fungicide and Nematicide Tests DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - Report 59 SP - V121 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Weeds of Turfgrasses AU - Buhler, W.G. AU - Murphy, T.R. A3 - NC Cooperative Extension Service DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// M1 - AG-648 PB - NC Cooperative Extension Service SN - AG-648 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Diseases of Turfgrasses AU - Tredway, L.P. AU - Martin, B. AU - Buhler, W. A3 - NC Cooperative Extension Service DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// M1 - AG-648 PB - NC Cooperative Extension Service SN - AG-648 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Cultural Management for Ornamental Plants AU - Evans, E. AU - Baker, J.R. AU - Buhler, W.G. A3 - NC Cooperative Extension Service DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// M1 - AG-648 PB - NC Cooperative Extension Service SN - AG-648 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Weed Pests of Ornamental Plants AU - Baker, J.R. AU - Czarnota, M. AU - Buhler, W. A3 - NC Cooperative Extension Service DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// M1 - AG-648 PB - NC Cooperative Extension Service SN - AG-648 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Applying the Correct Amount of Pesticide AU - Buhler, W. A3 - NC Cooperative Extension Service DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// M1 - AG-648 PB - NC Cooperative Extension Service SN - AG-648 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Ornamentals and turfgrass pest AU - Buhler, W. AU - Baker, J. AU - Bellinger, R. AU - Brandenburg, R. AU - Czarnota, M. AU - Evans, E. AU - Guillebeau, P. AU - Martin, B. AU - Murphy, T. AU - Tredway, L. AU - Warfield, C. A3 - NC Cooperative Extension DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// SP - 23 M1 - AG-648 PB - NC Cooperative Extension SN - AG-648 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Control de plagas de pastos de césped y plantas ornamentals AU - Buhler, W. AU - Baker, J. AU - Bellinger, R. AU - Brandenburg, R. AU - Czarnota, M. AU - Evans, E. AU - Guillebeau, P. AU - Martin, B. AU - Murphy, T. AU - Tredway, L. AU - Warfield, C. A3 - NC Cooperative Extension DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// M1 - AGS-648 PB - NC Cooperative Extension SN - AGS-648 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Understanding the Agricultural Health Study (1993-2003), Part 1: Overview AU - Storm, J. AU - Cope, G. AU - Buhler, W. AU - McGinnis, K. A3 - North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service Press DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// M1 - AG-MED-24 PB - North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service Press SN - AG-MED-24 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Understanding the Agricultural Health Study (1993-2003), Part 2: Pesticide Exposure AU - Storm, J. AU - Cope, G. AU - Buhler, W. AU - McGinnis, K. A3 - North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// M1 - AG-MED-25 PB - North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service SN - AG-MED-25 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Understanding the Agricultural Health Study (1993-2003), Part 3: Health Findings AU - Storm, J. AU - Cope, G. AU - Buhler, W. AU - McGinnis, K. A3 - North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// M1 - AG-MED-26 PB - North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service SN - AG-MED-26 ER - TY - RPRT TI - PICT guide of pansy disorders AU - Whipker, B.E. AU - Krug, B. AU - Warfield, C.Y. AU - Cloyd, R.A. AU - Buhler, W. A3 - North Carolina Commercial Flower Growers’ Association DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// PB - North Carolina Commercial Flower Growers’ Association ER - TY - RPRT TI - Introduction to Pest Management in Turfgrass and Ornamentals AU - Buhler, W.G. AU - Baker, J.R. A3 - NC Cooperative Extension Service Publication DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// M1 - AG-648 PB - NC Cooperative Extension Service Publication SN - AG-648 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Cultural Management for Turfgrasses AU - Buhler, W.G. A3 - NC Cooperative Extension Service DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// M1 - AG-648 PB - NC Cooperative Extension Service SN - AG-648 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Organic Greenhouse crop production AU - Peet, M.M. T2 - Greenhouse Canada DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 24 SP - 30–33 ER - TY - MGZN TI - Fertilizer mixing calculator AU - Krug, B.A. AU - Whipker, B.E. AU - Peet, M. T2 - Greenhouse management & production : GM PRO DA - 2004/2// PY - 2004/2// SP - 41–45 ER - TY - CONF TI - Alternative production of Atlantic white cedar and other native plants for wetlands and stream restoration in North Carolina AU - Bell, Andrew C.Peet AU - Peet, Mary M. AU - Hinesley, L. Eric T2 - 49th Southern Nursery Association Research Conference C2 - 2004/// C3 - Southern Nursery Association Research Conference CY - Atlanta, GA DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 49 SP - 353–355 ER - TY - CONF TI - Targeted Horticultural Education With The Greenhouse Tomato Short Course AU - Snyder, Richard G. AU - Ingram, David AU - Layton, Blake AU - Hood, Ken AU - Peet, Mary AU - Donnell, Mary AU - Giacomelli, Gene AU - Kemble, Joe AU - Harris, Pat AU - Killebrew, Frank T2 - 101th Conference of the American Society for Horticultural Science C2 - 2004/// CY - Austin, TX DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/7/18/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Fruit quality and yield in six small-fruited greenhouse tomato cultivars under high fertilization regime AU - Peet, M.M. AU - Harlow, C.D. AU - Larrea, E.S. T2 - International Symposium on Protected Culture in a Mild-Winter Climate C2 - 2004/// CY - Kissimmee, FL DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/3/23/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Organic production of greenhouse tomatoes utilizing the bag system and soluble organic fertilizers AU - Peet, M.M. AU - Rippy, J.M. AU - Nelson, P.V. T2 - International Symposium on Protected Culture in a Mild-Winter Climate C2 - 2004/// CY - Kissimmee, FL DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/3/23/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Utilizing Tobacco Greenhouses for Producing Plants for Environmental Restoration AU - Bell, Andrew C. AU - Peet*, Mary M. T2 - HortScience AB - Environmental restoration of streams and wetlands in North Carolina is creating a growing demand for commercially available native plant material. Recent changes in the tobacco industry have resulted in decreased production leaving some tobacco greenhouses, once utilized for a few months, empty year-round. Identifying alternative crops that can be grown in tobacco greenhouses will provide valuable income to economically distressed tobacco growers. The floatation system (sub-irrigation) employed in the production of tobacco transplants in greenhouses is similar to that utilized by some native plant nurseries to produce wetland and riparian species. Local production of this plant material can enhance restoration project goals by increasing utilization of regional germplasm in this industry and reducing the risk of importing exotic pests with material shipped from out-of-state. To research these possibilities, we constructed a demonstration tobacco greenhouse with multiple float beds. Three commercially available media, including a tobacco seedling mixture, were tested. No differences were observed among the plants grown in different media. After one growing season, we have identified close to 20 species, woody and herbaceous, that can be successfully grown in a traditional tobacco greenhouse with minimal input or alternation to the structure or normal production practices. Additional research is needed, however, to address optimal production criteria. DA - 2004/7// PY - 2004/7// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.39.4.786c VL - 39 IS - 4 SP - 786C-786 J2 - HortSci OP - SN - 0018-5345 2327-9834 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.786c DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Developing Value-added Practices and Branding for High-Sugar Tomatoes AU - Harlow, Christopher D. AU - Larrea, Elizabeth S. AU - Peet*, Mary M. T2 - HortScience AB - Research was initiated at the N.C. State Univ. Horticultural Field Laboratory, Raleigh, to identify cultural practices and tomato cultivars giving superior taste under North Carolina greenhouse conditions. The specialty cultivars `67', `Diana', `Elegance', `Momotaro', and `S630' were grown and harvested, as well as `Trust', which is grown on 85% of the North American greenhouse tomato acreage. Additionally, two fertilizer regimes were provided to the plants: standard greenhouse tomato fertilization (EC ≈1.75 dS·m -1 ) or high fertilization (EC ≈3.75 dS·m -1 ). Fertilizers were the same in both treatments. Seeds were started in October 2002 and transplanted, 2 per pot, into `Bato' buckets containing perlite in November. Standard cultural practices were followed, and plants were fertigated using the Harrow Fertigation Manager™ system. Taste tests conducted on three dates revealed differences among cultivars, with `67', `Elegance' and `Momotaro' consistently scoring well. Overall, all test varieties were scored higher than `Trust'; however flavor was somewhat less sweet than anticipated, especially early in the season, averaging 2-3 on a scale of 5, where 5 was “best”. No significant differences were seen between the standard and high fertilization treatments. Differences in total harvest weight were seen among cultivars. `Elegance' and `67' produced fruit consistently well through the harvest season, while the remaining cultivars' yields were sporadic. Harvested fruit were homogenized, and Brix was measured as an indicator of fruit quality. Significant differences in Brix were seen among the cultivars, with `67' significantly higher than all other varieties and `Elegance' and `Momotaro' higher than the remaining cultivars. All specialty cultivars had higher °Brix than `Trust'. DA - 2004/7// PY - 2004/7// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.39.4.777d VL - 39 IS - 4 SP - 777D-777 J2 - HortSci OP - SN - 0018-5345 2327-9834 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.777d DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Flesh quality and lycopene stability of fresh-cut watermelon AU - Perkins-Veazie, P AU - Collins, J.K T2 - Postharvest Biology and Technology AB - Red fleshed watermelons are an excellent source of the phytochemical lycopene. However, little is known about the stability of lycopene in cut watermelon. In this study, lycopene stability and other quality factors were evaluated in fresh-cut watermelon. Twenty melons each of a seeded (Summer Flavor 800) and a seedless (Sugar Shack) variety were cut into 5 cm cubes and placed in unvented polystyrene containers, sealed, and stored at 2 °C for 2, 7, or 10 days. At each storage interval, melons were evaluated for juice leakage, changes in carotenoid composition, color, soluble solids content (SSC), and titratable acidity. Headspace carbon dioxide and ethylene were monitored during storage intervals. Juice leakage after 10 days of storage averaged 13 and 11% for the seeded and seedless melons, respectively. Lycopene content decreased 6 and 11% after 7 days of storage for Summer Flavor 800 and Sugar Shack melons, respectively. β-Carotene and cis lycopene contents were 2 and 6 mg kg−1 for Summer Flavor 800 and Sugar Shack, respectively, and did not change with storage. After 10 days of storage, CIE L∗ values increased while chroma values decreased, indicating a lightening in color and loss of color saturation in melon pieces. Symptoms of chilling injury, such as greatly increased juice leakage, or lesions on cubes, were not seen on the fresh-cut cut watermelon after 10 days storage at 2 °C. Puree pH increased and SSC decreased slightly after storage. Carbon dioxide levels increased and oxygen levels decreased linearly during storage, creating a modified atmosphere of 10 kPa each of CO2 and O2 after 10 days. Fresh-cut cut watermelon held for 7 or more days at 2 °C had a slight loss of SSC, color saturation, and lycopene, most likely caused by senescence. DA - 2004/2// PY - 2004/2// DO - 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2003.08.005 VL - 31 IS - 2 SP - 159-166 J2 - Postharvest Biology and Technology LA - en OP - SN - 0925-5214 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2003.08.005 DB - Crossref KW - carotenoid composition KW - color KW - HPLC KW - soluble solids KW - titratable acidity KW - modified atmosphere ER - TY - JOUR TI - Blackberry yellow vein associated virus: A new crinivirus found in blackberry. AU - Martin, R.R. AU - Tzanetakis, I.E. AU - Gergerich, R. AU - Fernández, G. AU - Pesic, Z. T2 - Acta Horticulturae AB - During the last three years blackberries in southern and southeastern U.S. have shown symptoms of vein clearing, yellow mottling and plant decline with considerable variation in symptoms with cultivars. We isolated dsRNA from symptomatic plants and identified high molecular weight bands similar to those isolated from plants infected with criniviruses. Paired extractions from virus-tested blackberries did not yield any dsRNA bands with molecular weight greater than 500 bp. Using degenerate primers developed against the crinivirus 1b protein in RTPCR resulted in an amplicon that when sequenced showed the virus was a member of the Crinivirus genus. We have also cloned the virus and sequenced clones containing regions of the minor coat protein of the virus. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the new virus, designated as Blackberry yellow vein associated virus (BYVaV), is related most closely to Beet pseudo-yellows virus and Strawberry pallidosis associated virus, two criniviruses recently identified in strawberry. INTRODUCTION Symptoms of vein clearing, yellow mottling, ringspots and plant decline have been observed in blackberry in South Carolina, North Carolina and Arkansas over the past few years (Fig. 1). Initially the symptoms were thought to be caused by Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV) as this virus is known to infect blackberry and similar symptoms attributed to TRSV infection have been reported (1). Symptomatic plants were tested for 14 viruses by ELISA including: Alfalfa mosaic, Arabis mosaic, Cucumber mosaic, Impatiens necrotic spot, Prunus necrotic ringspot, Raspberry bushy dwarf, Raspberry ringspot, Strawberry latent ringspot, Strawberry mild yellow edge, Tobacco ringspot, Tobacco streak, Tomato ringspot, and Tomato spotted wilt viruses as well as for Potyviruses using group specific antibodies. However, in ELISA tests very few plants that exhibited these symptoms tested positive for TRSV or any other virus. In this report we describe a crinivirus associated with the symptoms observed in blackberry and a reverse-transcritase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method for detecting this new virus. MATERIALS AND METHODS In an attempt to determine if there may be a new virus associated with these symptoms dsRNA was extracted from symptomatic and asymptomatic plants using a shortened version of the standard extraction method (2). After the dsRNA was bound to the cellulose powder in the presence of 16% ethanol in STE buffer, the samples were centrifuged for three minutes at 5,000 X g, the pellet was washed once with 50 ml of STE-EtOH and the cellulose repelleted by centrifugation. Two ml of STE was added to the final pellet and incubated at room temp for 5 min. The sample was then transferred to a microfuge tube and pellet at max rpm for 3 min. The supernatant was collected and nucleic acid precipitated by the addition of 2 ml of 95% EtOH with 5% 3 M sodium acetate. Samples were mixed then stored at -80C for 20 minutes before centrifugation in a microfuge at max speed for 30 minutes. Pellets were resuspend in 10 mM Tris-HCl containing 1 mM EDTA and analyzed by gel electrophoresis. Proc. X IS on Small Fruit Virus Diseases DA - 2004/9// PY - 2004/9// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2004.656.21 VL - 9 IS - 656 SP - 137-142 SN - 0567-7572 2406-6168 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2004.656.21 KW - closteroviruses KW - Criniviruses KW - dsRNA KW - RT-PCR ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genomic regions governing soybean seed nitrogen accumulation AU - Panthee, D. R. AU - Pantalone, V. R. AU - Sams, C. E. AU - Saxton, A. M. AU - West, D. R. AU - Rayford, W. E. T2 - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AB - Abstract Nitrogen accumulation in the form of seed protein takes place in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] during the reproductive stages of development. The purpose of this study was to relate genotypic differences in seed nitrogen accumulation with genomic regions controlling nitrogen accumulation in soybean during R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 growth stages. A population of 101 F 6∶8 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) developed from a cross of N87‐984‐16×TN93‐99 was utilized. The RIL were grown at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville Experiment Station, in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2002. Seed nitrogen was determined from pod samples harvested at the R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 growth stages. A significant ( P <0.05) difference among genotypes was found for nitrogen accumulation at all three growth stages. Single‐factor ANOVA revealed that quantitative trait loci (QTL) governing nitrogen accumulation in soybean seed were distributed in the linkage groups A2, B2, D1a, D1b, E, G, and M. Phenotypic variation explained by an individual QTL ranged from 5 to 11.6%. These QTL may provide useful marker‐assisted selection opportunities for soybean protein improvement. DA - 2004/1// PY - 2004/1// DO - 10.1007/s11746-004-0860-4 VL - 81 IS - 1 SP - 77-81 J2 - J Amer Oil Chem Soc LA - en OP - SN - 0003-021X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-004-0860-4 DB - Crossref KW - gene-mapping KW - genomics KW - Glycine max (L.) KW - Merr. KW - QTL KW - protein ER - TY - JOUR TI - Quantitative trait loci for β-conglycinin (7S) and glycinin (11S) fractions of soybean storage protein AU - Panthee, D. R. AU - Kwanyuen, P. AU - Sams, C. E. AU - West, D. R. AU - Saxton, A. M. AU - Pantalone, V. R. T2 - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AB - Abstract Glycinin (11S) and β‐conglycinin (7S) are important seed storage proteins in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. A major limitation of soybean seed storage proteins is their low levels of the sulfur‐containing amino acids, methionine and cysteine, which are important nutritional components of protein mea. Glycinin contains significantly more S‐containing amino acids than does β‐conglycinin. Thus, detection of quantitative trait loci (QTL) that govern 11S may provide marker‐assisted selection (MAS) opportunities to improve soybean total S‐containing amino acids. The objective of this study was to detect and map QTL governing 7S and 11S fractions of soybean seed storage proteins. To achieve this objective, 101 F 6 ‐derived recombinant inbred lines (RIL) developed from a cross of N87‐984‐16 ×TN93‐99 were used. Storage proteins were extracted from all RIL and separated in 10–20% linear gradient polyacrylamide gels. Dried gels were scanned for individual subunits of storage protein with a densitometer equipped with a He−Ne laser light source. Data were converted to concentration for each subunit component and analyzed using SAS software. A significant ( P <0.05) difference among genotypes was found for glycinin and β‐conglycinin. A total of 94 polymorphic simple sequence repeat molecular genetic markers were used in screening all RIL. Three QTL for glycinin (Satt461, Satt292, and Satt156) were distributed on linkage group (LG) D2, I, and L, respectively, whereas two QTL for conglycinin (Satt461 and Satt249) were distributed on LG D2 and J. Phenotypic variation explained by individual QTL ranged from 9.5 to 22%. These QTL may provide useful MAS opportunities for improvement of nutritional quality in soybean. DA - 2004/11// PY - 2004/11// DO - 10.1007/s11746-004-1014-4 VL - 81 IS - 11 SP - 1005-1012 J2 - J Amer Oil Chem Soc LA - en OP - SN - 0003-021X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-004-1014-4 DB - Crossref KW - beta-conglycinin KW - Glycine max KW - glycinin KW - QTL mapping KW - soybean KW - storage protein ER - TY - CONF TI - ×Chitalpa: The next generation AU - Olsen, R.T. AU - Ranney, T.G. C2 - 2004/// C3 - Proceedings of the International Plant Propagators’ Society DA - 2004/// VL - 54 SP - 578–582 ER - TY - CONF TI - Variation in ploidy level among birch taxa AU - Eaker, T.A. AU - T.G., Ranney AU - Viloria, Z.J. AU - Mowrey, J.A. C2 - 2004/// C3 - Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 49th Annual Report DA - 2004/// SP - 548–551 ER - TY - CONF TI - Reproductive pathways among flowering crabapples AU - Ranney, T.G. AU - Eaker, T.A. AU - Lynch, N.P. AU - Olsen, R.T. C2 - 2004/// C3 - Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 49th Annual Report DA - 2004/// VL - 49 SP - 575–579 ER - TY - CONF TI - Propagating Betula nigra Shiloh Splash PPAF river birch AU - Ranney, T.G. AU - Eaker, T.A. AU - Mowrey, J.A. AU - Lynch, Nathan P. C2 - 2004/// C3 - Proceedings of the International Plant Propagators’ Society DA - 2004/// VL - 54 SP - 651–653 ER - TY - CONF TI - Population control: Developing non-invasive nursery crops AU - Ranney, T.G. C2 - 2004/// C3 - Proceedings of the International Plant Propagators’ Society DA - 2004/// VL - 54 SP - 604–607 ER - TY - CONF TI - New opportunities for breeding allopolyploid azaleodendrons AU - Contreras, R.N. AU - Ranney, T.G. C2 - 2004/// C3 - Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 46th Annual Report DA - 2004/// SP - 552–554 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A hybrid’s tale: A new intergeneric hybrid between Franklinia and Schima reunites ancient flora and enhances conservation efforts AU - Ranney, T.G. T2 - American Nurseryman DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 199 IS - 5 SP - 28-30 ER - TY - CONF TI - Breeding for increased rye allelopathy AU - Reberg-Horton, S.C. AU - Creamer, N.G. AU - Murphy, J.P. C2 - 2004/// C3 - Proceedings of the Annual Meeting - Northeastern Weed Science Society DA - 2004/// VL - 58 SP - 157 ER - TY - NEWS TI - Organic no-till forages for Maine T2 - Maine Organic Milk Producers Newsletter PY - 2004/// ET - Fall SP - 4–6 ER - TY - SOUND TI - Early blight resistance in tomato: genetics, breeding and accelerated breeding AU - R., Foolad M. AU - Sharma, A. AU - Ashrafi, H. DA - 2004/6/21/ PY - 2004/6/21/ M3 - poster ER - TY - JOUR TI - Exploring options for organics collection AU - Sherman, R. T2 - BioCycle DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 45 IS - 2 SP - 46-47 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Producing rooted cutting reforestation stock of Loblolly pine: progress and challenges AU - Goldfarb, B. AU - LeBude, A. AU - Gocke, M. AU - Li, B. AU - Isik, F. AU - McKeand, S. T2 - IEG-40 Meeting DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Deployment issues: what kinds of research, development and demonstration activities are needed to address critical topics, such as public concerns, performance monitoring, and technologies for merchandising harvested clones? AU - Goldfarb, B. AU - McKeand, S. E. AU - LeBude, A. V. AU - Cumbie, W. P. AU - Isik, F. AU - Li, B. T2 - Agenda 2020 Technology Summit II: Meeting the Challenge of Deployment DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Outreach to limited resource forest landowners: extension innovation for low literacy audiences AU - Mance, K. AU - Sills, E. AU - Warren, S. C2 - 2004/// C3 - Human Dimensions of Family, Farm, and Community Forestry DA - 2004/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Deployment issues: what kinds of research, development and demonstration activities are needed to address critical topics, such as public concerns, performance monitoring, and technologies for merchandising harvested clones? AU - Goldfarb, B. AU - McKeand, S. E. AU - LeBude, A. V. AU - Cumbie, W. P. AU - Isik, F. AU - Li, B. C2 - 2004/// C3 - Conference Proceedings DA - 2004/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Advance and Challenges in Clonal Forestry with Rooted Cuttings of Loblolly Pine AU - Goldfarb, B. AU - LeBude, A. AU - Isik, F. AU - McKeand, S. AU - Li, B. A2 - Li, B. A2 - McKeand, S. C2 - 2004/// C3 - Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding in the Age of Genomics: Progress and Future, IUFRO Joint Conference of Division 2, Conference Proceedings DA - 2004/// SP - 41 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Screening the watermelon germplasm collection for resistance to gummy stem blight AU - Song, R AU - Gusmini, G AU - Wehner, TC T2 - ADVANCES IN VEGETABLE BREEDING DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2004.637.6 IS - 637 SP - 63-68 SN - 2406-6168 KW - Citrullus lanatus KW - C. lanatus var. citroides KW - cultigens KW - Didymella bryoniae KW - Phoma cucurbitacearum KW - resistance screening KW - field and greenhouse ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nursery floor affects containerized plant growth AU - Warren, S. L. AU - Bilderback, T. E. T2 - Journal of Environmental Horticulture DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 22 IS - 2 SP - 100 ER - TY - JOUR TI - National Poinsettia Trial Program highlights AU - Dole, J. AU - McCall, I. AU - Whipker, B. E. T2 - North Carolina Flower Growers' Bulletin DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 49 IS - 1 SP - 1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Irrigation timing: Effect on plant growth, photosynthesis, water-use efficiency and substrate temperature AU - Warren, SL AU - Bilderback, TE T2 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON GROWING MEDIA & HYDROPONICS DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2004.644.1 IS - 644 SP - 29-37 SN - 0567-7572 KW - irrigation volume KW - irrigation management KW - Cotoneaster dammeri 'Skogholm' KW - leaching fraction ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fungal pathogens associated with blueberry propagation beds in North Carolina AU - Cline, B. T2 - Small Fruits Review AB - SUMMARY Death of blueberry cuttings in commercial rooting beds was observed due to abiotic and biotic causes. Abiotic causes included poor watering practices, water quality, rooting medium, and inadequate drainage due to poor rooting bed design. Biotic causes were attributable to fungi and included (1) non-pathogenic Basidiomycetes colonizing unsterilized rooting media, (2) airborne or rain-splashed pathogens infecting individual cuttings (Botryosphaeria, Pestalotia and other sp.), and (3) Cylindrocladium sp. that spread radially from the initial infection, producing circular dead spots in rooting beds. Re-use of Cylindrocladium-infested media resulted in complete loss of cuttings. Methyl bromide fumigation was successfully used to sanitize infested media. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1300/j301v03n01_21 VL - 3 IS - 1 SP - 213 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Wulpak used as a mulch or an amendment for nursery potting substrates AU - Bilderback, TE AU - Neal, JC T2 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON GROWING MEDIA & HYDROPONICS AB - Wulpak is a pelleted waste by-product derived from wool products manufacturing litter. It contains no manure or compost although it contains significant plant available nutrients. Preliminary reports suggest that mulching the top of container grown nursery crops provides a weed, moss and algae barrier and acts as a starter fertilizer by enhancing green color and stimulating new growth. To evaluate the usefulness of Wulpak, two studies were conducted. The objective of the first study was to compare the effect of supplemental fertilizing and use of Wulpak as a top mulch compared to incorporation into the potting substrate on plant growth, foliar and substrate nutrient concentrations. The objective of the second study was to evaluate Wulpak compared to PennMulch, a pelleted newspaper product, applied at two mulch depths for control of common nursery weeds. After 70 days, petunias were larger when top-dressed with supplemental Controlled Release Fertilizer (CRF) compared to the standard pine bark substrate or the Wulpak mulch or incorporation-only treatments. Tissue N was not significantly different among any treatments. Tissue P was higher in all Wulpak mulch and incorpation treatments compared to the pine bark standard. Leachate pH was consistently lower in the Wulpak top mulch treatments. Common groundsel and horseweed were controlled by all mulch treatments; although, after three months some common groundsel emerged in the 0.6 cm PennMulch pots. Spotted spurge and longstalked phyllanthus were controlled by both depths of Wulpak and by 1.3 cm PennMulch, but not by 0.6 cm PennMulch. Crabgrass was controlled only by the 1.3 cm Wulpak treatment. INTRODUCTION Wulpak is a pelleted waste wool by-product derived from wool products manufacturing litter. It contains no manure or compost although manufacture claims indicate that significant plant nutrients are available. The product is available in the US from Wilbro Inc., Norway, S.C. 29113, under an import agreement with APT Marketing, in Lincoln, UK. Preliminary reports suggest that mulching the top of container grown nursery crops provides a weed, moss and algae barrier and acts as a starter fertilizer by enhancing green color and stimulating new growth. In 1999, Wulpak was a new product in the US and was sold to nursery operators with only limited guidelines for its use. To evaluate the usefulness of Wulpak as a mulch on the surface of containers, two studies were conducted. The objective of the first study was to compare the effect of using Wulpak as a top mulch or as an addition to the potting substrate on plant growth, foliar and substrate nutrient concentrations. The objective of the second study was to evaluate Wulpak and PennMulch applied at two depths for control of common nursery weeds. Proc. IS on Growing Media Eds.: Alsanius, Jensen & Asp Acta Hort 644, ISHS 2004 DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2004.644.16 IS - 644 SP - 139-143 SN - 0567-7572 KW - controlled release fertilizers KW - cyclic irrigation KW - weed control KW - PennMulch KW - Rhododendron 'Sunglow' azalea and Petunia x hybrida KW - Euphorbia maculata KW - Digitaria sanguinalis KW - Conyza canadensis KW - Phyllanthus tennelus KW - Senecio vulgaris ER - TY - JOUR TI - Competency based training program in horticulture for County Extension Agents in North Carolina AU - Sanders, DC AU - Monks, DW AU - Bilderback, TE AU - Boyette, MD T2 - KNOWLEDGE BUSINESS: HORTICULTURE EDUCATION AND KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2004.641.17 IS - 641 SP - 131-134 SN - 0567-7572 ER - TY - PAT TI - Ornamental sweetpotato plant named 'Sweet Caroline Light Green' AU - Pecota, K. AU - Yencho, G. AU - Pierce, C. C2 - 2004/// DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Changes in physical properties of coir dust substrates during crop production AU - Nelson, PV AU - Oh, YM AU - Cassel, DK T2 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON GROWING MEDIA & HYDROPONICS DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2004.644.35 IS - 644 SP - 261-268 SN - 2406-6168 KW - container capacity KW - air space KW - available water KW - bulk density KW - shrinkage KW - impatiens wallerana L. ER - TY - JOUR TI - Some considerations on speed of weighing watermelon fruit in yield trials AU - Gusmini, G. AU - Schultheis, J. R. AU - Wehner, T. C. T2 - Report (Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative) DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// IS - 27 SP - 49 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Qualitative genes for use in development of elite watermelon cultivars AU - Wehner, T. C. AU - Guner, N. T2 - Report (Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative) DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// IS - 27 SP - 24 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Protocol for DNA extraction from watermelon leaves for SSR marker studies AU - Gusmini, G. AU - Wehner, T. C. AU - Joobeur, T. AU - Dean, R. A. AU - Levi, A. T2 - Report (Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative) DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// IS - 27 SP - 25 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Protected cultivation 2002: In search of structures, systems and plant materials for sustainable greenhouse production, a proceedings of the XXVI International Horticultural Congress, Toronto, Canada, 11-17 August, 2002 AU - Papadopoulos, A. P. T2 - A proceedings of the XXVI International Horticultural Congress, Toronto, Canada, 11-17 August, 2002 : Protected cultivation 2002 : in search of structures, systems and plant materials for sustainable greenhouse production DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Heterosis for yield in a watermelon hybrid AU - Gusmini, G. AU - Wehner, T. C. T2 - Report (Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative) DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// IS - 27 SP - 43 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Growth stage, flowering pattern, yield, and harvest date prediction of four types of cucumber tested at 10 planting dates AU - Wehner, TC AU - Guner, N T2 - ADVANCES IN VEGETABLE BREEDING AB - Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is a major vegetable crop worldwide. Compared with many crops, cucumber reaches harvest stage rapidly. Computer growth models have been developed to help researchers, growers, and processors predict plant development and harvest date. The objective of this study was 1) to study growth and development of cucumber using both days after planting and cumulative heat units (HU) to determine their value in prediction of harvest date for pickling cucumbers grown in North Carolina, and 2) to study vegetative and flowering patterns from planting to harvest. The experiment was a split-plot treatment arrangement in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Plantings were made every week for 10 weeks (30 April through 2 July). Four cultigens were chosen to represent a range of types. Data on plant growth stage and weather conditions were collected daily. Main growth stages were planting (direct seeding), emergence, vine tip over, flowering, and fruit harvest. Heat units were calculated from weather data using a model with the daily maximum air temperature, a base temperature of 15.5°C, and a reducing ceiling of 32°C. ‘Calypso’ was the earliest maturing cultigen, M 21 and Wis. SMR 18 were intermediate, and WI 2757 was the latest. Plantings made early in the season required more days to reach fruiting stage than those made later. Heat units were more stable over planting dates than days after planting. ‘Calypso’ had more branches per plant and more nodes per branch than the dwarf-determinate cultigen M 21. Early yield was correlated with number of branches/plant and nodes/branch. Additional research is needed to improve the heat unit model so that it predicts harvest date accurately regardless of planting date. INTRODUCTION Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is a major vegetable crop in North Carolina, with the second largest production of pickling cucumber, and the third largest production of slicing cucumber in the U.S. (United States Department of Agriculture, 2001). Cucumber develops rapidly, with a shorter time from planting to harvest than for most crops. However, the number of days to harvest changes with temperature, making it difficult to predict. Computer growth models have been developed for crop production systems, providing a means for organizing what is known about their growth and development. An example of a model that has been used successfully for soybean studies is SOYGRO (Wilkerson et al., 1983; Jones et al., 1991). Prediction of growth stage and harvest date have been used to improve crop management. Uses include scheduling labor and machinery, integrated pest management practices, and timely production for high market prices (Perry and Wehner, 1996). Most cucumber cultivars grown before 1980 were monoecious. In monoecious cultivars, the staminate flowers are produced first (nodes 1 to 9), followed by an alternating staminate-pistillate stage, and finally, a continuous pistillate stage (Shifriss, 1961; Tasdighi and Baker, 1981). Yield is dependent on pollination, since fruits develop after bees pollinate the pistillate flowers, unless the plant is parthenocarpic. Now, most Proc. XXVI IHC – Advances in Vegetable Breeding Eds. J.D. McCreight and E.J. Ryder Acta Hort. 637, ISHS 2004 Publication supported by Can. Int. Dev. Agency (CIDA) 224 cultivars of pickling and slicing cucumber used in the U.S. are gynoecious hybrids. Gynoecious plants usually have a ratio of pistillate to staminate flowers of 9:1 (McMurray and Miller, 1969). Gynoecious cultivars intended for field production are blended with a monoecious hybrid or inbred to provide the pollen necessary for fruit set, with 10 to 15% monoecious plants being optimum (Miller, 1976). Gynoecious hybrid cultivars and mechanical harvesting make harvest prediction for cucumber even more important for harvest scheduling and grower profitability. A heat unit model has been developed for cucumber (Perry et al., 1986; Perry and Wehner, 1990) that predicts harvest date for cucumbers grown under different conditions. Other models (Chen et al., 1975; Haffar and Van Ee, 1990) have been developed to solve additional production problems. The objective of this study was to compare days after planting and cumulative heat units to determine their value in prediction of harvest date for pickling cucumbers grown in North Carolina. Further, we were interested to determine the relationship between yield and vegetative traits such as branch number, node number, and percentage of pistillate nodes. MATERIALS AND METHODS All experiments were conducted at the Horticultural Crops Research Station, Clinton, N.C. Plantings were made every week for 10 weeks (30 April through 2 July). The experiment was a randomized complete block design with three replications and a split plot treatment arrangement. Whole plots were 10 planting dates and subplots were four cultivars and breeding lines (cultigens). The four cultigens ‘Calypso’, M 21, ‘Wis. SMR 18’, and WI 2757 were chosen to represent groups of interest to breeders, including inbreds vs. hybrids, new vs. old releases, anthracnose resistant vs. susceptible, and early vs. late maturity. Plots were seeded on raised, shaped beds in rows 1.5 m apart. Plots were 6 m long separated by 1.5 m alleys at each end and were thinned to 60 plants per plot (64,556 plants/ha). The soil type in the study was a mixture of Norfolk, Orangeburg, and Rains (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic, Typic Kandiudults) with some Goldsboro (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic, Aquic Paleudults). Recommended horticultural practices (Schultheis, 1990) were used for all experiments. Fertilizer was incorporated before planting at a rate of 90-39-74 kg/ha (N-P-K), with an additional 34 kg/ha N applied at the vine tip over stage. Curbit (ethalfluralin N-ethyl-N-(2-methyl-2-propenyl)-2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzenamine) was applied for weed control. Irrigation was applied when needed for a total (irrigation plus rainfall) of 25 to 40 mm per week. ‘Sumter’ pollenizer was planted in side rows and end plots to provide additional pollen and border competition for the test plots. No disease problems were observed. Data on plant growth stage and weather conditions were collected daily. Main growth stages were emergence (50% of plants at cotyledon stage), vine tip over (50% of plants had top leaves touching soil), flowering (50% of plants with flowering), and fruit harvest. Harvest stage was further divided into 5, 25, 50, and 75% fruit yield from six harvests. Total yield was the sum of six harvests, and early yield was the sum of the first two harvests. Heat units were calculated from weather data using the method of Perry et al. (1986), which uses the daily maximum air temperature, a base temperature of 15.5°C, and a reducing ceiling of 32°C: If maximum air temperature (Max)≤32°C, then HU=Max-15.5; If maximum air temperature (Max)>32°C, then HU=[32-(Max-32)]-15.5. Vegetative traits were measured at first harvest, including branches/plant, node of branch location, nodes / branch, and number of staminate and pistillate flowers. All plots were harvested when 50-mm-diameter fruit were first observed in the experiment. Plots were harvested twice weekly for three weeks. Fruit were graded as marketable or cull, and weighed to get marketable yield. Marketable yield was highly correlated (r = 0.99) with total yield (marketable + cull), so data on total yield data were not presented in the figures and tables. Early yield was fruit weight in the first two harvests. Data were DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2004.637.27 IS - 637 SP - 223-229 SN - 0567-7572 KW - Cucumis sativus KW - vegetable breeding KW - crop model KW - sex expression KW - plant type ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluation of Trichoderma strains as biocontrol tools for integrated management of strawberry root rot AU - Leandro, L. AU - Ferguson, L. AU - Fernandez, G. AU - Louws, F. T2 - Proceedings of a meeting of the WGs : management of plant diseases and arthropod pests by BCAs and their integration in agriculture systems at S. Michele all'Adige, Trentino, Italy, 9-13 June 2004 DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Estimates of variance components and broad-sense heritability for yield in watermelon AU - Gusmini, G. AU - Wehner, T. C. T2 - Report (Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative) DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// IS - 27 SP - 45 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dose and concentration responses of common nursery weeds to Gallery, Surflan and Treflan AU - Judge, C. A. AU - Neal, J. C. AU - Weber, J. B. T2 - Journal of Environmental Horticulture DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 22 IS - 2 SP - 106 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cultivars suitable for watermelon rind pickles AU - Gusmini, G. AU - Wehner, T. C. T2 - Report (Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative) DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// IS - 27 SP - 41 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Controlling stem topple of pot tulips AU - Krug, B. AU - Whipker, B. E. AU - McCall, I. AU - Dole, J. T2 - North Carolina Flower Growers' Bulletin DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 49 IS - 1 SP - 14 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Calculating pansy production costs AU - Whipker, B. E. T2 - North Carolina Flower Growers' Bulletin DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 49 IS - 4 SP - 1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Accessions having opposite leaf arrangement at the first true leaf in watermelon AU - Guner, N. AU - Wehner, T. C. T2 - Report (Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative) DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// IS - 27 SP - 32 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A fasciated mutant in watermelon AU - Guner, N. AU - Wehner, T. C. T2 - Report (Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative) DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// IS - 27 SP - 30 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Organic production of greenhouse tomatoes utilizing the bag system and soluble organic fertilizers AU - Peet, MM AU - Rippy, JM AU - Nelson, PV AU - Catignani, GL T2 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE VIITH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PROTECTED CULTIVATION IN MILD WINTER CLIMATES: PRODUCTION, PEST MANAGEMENT AND GLOBAL COMPETITION, VOLS 1 AND 2 AB - ISHS VII International Symposium on Protected Cultivation in Mild Winter Climates: Production, Pest Management and Global Competition ORGANIC PRODUCTION OF GREENHOUSE TOMATOES UTILIZING THE BAG SYSTEM AND SOLUBLE ORGANIC FERTILIZERS DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2004.659.92 VL - 659 IS - 659 SP - 707-719 SN - 0567-7572 KW - organic fertilizers KW - soluble organic fertilizers KW - organic substrates KW - plant nutrition ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fruit quality and yield in five small-fruited greenhouse tomato cultivars under high fertilization regime AU - Peet, MM AU - Harlow, CD AU - Larrea, ES T2 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE VIITH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PROTECTED CULTIVATION IN MILD WINTER CLIMATES: PRODUCTION, PEST MANAGEMENT AND GLOBAL COMPETITION, VOLS 1 AND 2 AB - Research was initiated in Fall 2002 to identify greenhouse tomato cultivars and fertilization practices which would result in superior fruit quality under Southeastern United States winter/spring conditions. Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. ‘67’, ‘Diana’, ’Elegance’, ‘Momotaro’, and ‘S630’ were compared to the larger beefsteak cultivar ‘Trust’ under standard (EC≈1.90 dSm1) or high (EC≈3.75 dSm-1) fertilizer concentration. Seeds were started in October 2002 and transplanted, 2 per pot, into Bato® buckets containing perlite in November. Taste tests conducted on three dates revealed differences among cultivars, with ‘67’, ‘Elegance’ and ‘Momotaro’ consistently scoring well and ‘Trust’ scoring lowest. No significant differences occurred between fertilization treatments during taste tests. All cultivar taste ratings increased from early to late spring harvests. Highest total fruit production occurred in ‘Elegance’ and ‘Momotaro’, but cracking reduced marketable yield in ‘Momotaro’. Fruit yield was significantly lower for the high fertilizer concentration than the standard concentration for all months except the first. After each harvest, fruit were frozen for later determination of Brix, EC and pH. Significant differences in Brix were seen between the standard and high fertilizer concentration treatments, with the high concentration higher than the standard concentration at all harvest periods. Significant differences in Brix were seen among the cultivars, with ‘67’ and ‘Elegance’ significantly higher than all other varieties and ‘Momotaro’ higher than the remaining cultivars including ‘Trust’, which ranked lowest. Cultivar differences in measured Brix and excellence ratings from taste tests were highly correlated; cultivar differences in fruit pH and EC were less consistent and did not appear closely related to taste panel evaluations. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2004.659.105 VL - 659 IS - 659 SP - 811-818 SN - 0567-7572 KW - greenhouse fertilization KW - high-Brix KW - fruit quality KW - cluster tomatoes KW - soluble sugars KW - beefsteak tomatoes ER - TY - JOUR TI - Assessment of swine waste bioremediation using greenhouse tomatoes AU - Ponce, KH AU - Peet, MM AU - Harlow, CD AU - Cheng, J AU - Willits, DH T2 - PROTECTED CULTIVATION 2002: IN SEARCH OF STRUCTURES, SYSTEMS AND PLANT MATERIALS FOR SUSTAINABLE GREENHOUSE PRODUCTION AB - ISHS XXVI International Horticultural Congress: Protected Cultivation 2002: In Search of Structures, Systems and Plant Materials for Sustainable Greenhouse Production ASSESSMENT OF SWINE WASTE BIOREMEDIATION USING GREENHOUSE TOMATOES DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.17660/actahortic.2004.633.51 IS - 633 SP - 415-423 SN - 0567-7572 KW - biofilter KW - nitrification KW - blossom-end rot KW - swine effluent KW - waste utilization KW - calcium-related disorders KW - nitrogen form ER - TY - JOUR TI - Growth of fraser fir christmas trees in response to annual shearing AU - Hinesley, L. E. AU - Derby, S. A. T2 - HortScience DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 39 IS - 7 SP - 1644-1646 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Establishment of calibration curves for comparing pour-through and saturated media extract nutrient values AU - Cavins, T. J. AU - Whipker, B. E. AU - Fonteno, W. C. T2 - HortScience DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 39 IS - 7 SP - 1635-1639 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Butterflies of Oklahoma, Kansas and North Texas AU - Dole, J. M. AU - Gerard, W. B. AU - Nelson, J. M. CN - QL551 .O5 D65 2004 DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// PB - Norman: University of Oklahoma Press SN - 0806135549 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A Hybrid of Buddleja davidii var. nanhoensis 'Nanho Purple' and B-lindleyana AU - Elliott, W. AU - Werner, D. J. AU - Fantz, P. R. T2 - HortScience DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 39 IS - 7 SP - 1581-1583 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Resveratrol, pterostilbene, and piceatannol in Vaccinium berries AU - Rimando, AM AU - Kalt, W AU - Magee, JB AU - Dewey, J AU - Ballington, , JR T2 - JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY AB - A study was conducted to determine the presence of resveratrol, pterostilbene, and piceatannol in Vaccinium berries. Samples representing selections and cultivars of 10 species from Mississippi, North Carolina, Oregon, and Canada were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Resveratrol was found in Vaccinium angustifolium (lowbush blueberry), Vaccinium arboretum (sparkleberry), Vaccinium ashei (rabbiteye blueberry), Vaccinium corymbosum (highbush blueberry), Vaccinium elliottii (Elliott's blueberry), Vaccinium macrocarpon (cranberry), Vaccinium myrtillus (bilberry), Vaccinium stamineum (deerberry), Vaccinium vitis-ideae var. vitis-ideae (lingonberry), and Vaccinium vitis-ideae var. minor (partridgeberry) at levels between 7 and 5884 ng/g dry sample. Lingonberry was found to have the highest content, 5884 ng/g dry sample, comparable to that found in grapes, 6471 ng/g dry sample. Pterostilbene was found in two cultivars of V. ashei and in V. stamineum at levels of 99−520 ng/g dry sample. Piceatannol was found in V. corymbosum and V. stamineum at levels of 138−422 ng/g dry sample. These naturally occurring stilbenes, known to be strong antioxidants and to have cancer chemopreventive activities, will add to the purported health benefits derived from the consumption of these small fruits. Keywords: Vaccinium; blueberry; cranberry; deerberry; lingonberry; resveratrol; pterostilbene; piceatannol DA - 2004/7/28/ PY - 2004/7/28/ DO - 10.1021/jf040095e VL - 52 IS - 15 SP - 4713-4719 SN - 1520-5118 KW - Vaccinium KW - blueberry KW - cranberry KW - deerberry KW - lingonberry KW - resveratrol KW - pterostilbene KW - piceatannol ER - TY - JOUR TI - Optimizing postharvest life life of cut 'Renaissance Red' poinsettias AU - Dole, JM AU - Fisher, P AU - Njue, G T2 - HORTSCIENCE AB - Several treatments were investigated for increasing vase life of cut `Renaissance Red' poinsettia ( Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch.) stems. A vase life of at least 20.6 days resulted when harvested stems were placed directly into vases with 22 °C deionized water plus 200 mg·L -1 8-HQS (the standard floral solution used) and 0% to 1% sucrose without floral foam. Maturity of stems at harvest, ranging from 0 to 4 weeks after anthesis, had no effect on vase life or days to first abscised leaf. Pretreatments immediately after harvest using floral solution heated to 38 or 100 °C, or 1 or 10-min dips in isopropyl alcohol, had no effect, whereas 24 hours in 10% sucrose shortened vase life by 6.4 days and time to first abscised cyathium by 4.5 days. Stem storage at 10 °C decreased vase life, particularly when stems were stored dry (with only 0.8 days vase life after 3 weeks dry storage). Increasing duration of wet storage in floral solution from 0 to 3 weeks decreased vase life from 21.5 to 14.6 days. Placing cut stems in a vase containing floral foam decreased time to first abscised leaf by 3.7 to 11.6 days compared with no foam. A 1% to 2% sucrose concentration in the vase solution produced the longest postharvest life for stems placed in foam but had little effect on stems not placed in foam. A 4% sucrose concentration decreased vase life compared with lower sucrose concentrations regardless of the presence of foam. Holding stems in the standard floral solution increased vase life and delayed leaf abscission compared with deionized or tap water only, with further improvement when stem bases were recut every three days. Commercial floral pretreatments and holding solutions had no effect on vase life and days to first abscised cyathium but delayed leaf abscission. DA - 2004/10// PY - 2004/10// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.39.6.1366 VL - 39 IS - 6 SP - 1366-1370 SN - 0018-5345 KW - Euphorbia pulcherrima KW - vase life KW - cut flower KW - 'Winter Rose' KW - postharvest physiology ER - TY - JOUR TI - Identification of a new motif for CDPK phosphorylation in vitro that suggests ACC synthase may be a CDPK substrate AU - Sebastia, CH AU - Hardin, SC AU - Clouse, SD AU - Kieber, JJ AU - Huber, SC T2 - ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS AB - 1-Amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS) catalyzes the rate-determining step in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone ethylene, and there is evidence for regulation of stability of the protein by reversible protein phosphorylation. The site of phosphorylation of the tomato enzyme, LeACS2, was recently reported to be Ser460, but the requisite protein kinase has not been identified. In the present study, a synthetic peptide based on the known regulatory phosphorylation site (KKNNLRLS460FSKRMY) in LeACS2 was found to be readily phosphorylated in vitro by several calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), but not a plant SNF1-related protein kinase or the kinase domain of the receptor-like kinase, BRI1, involved in brassinosteroid signaling. Studies with variants of the LeACS2-Ser460 peptide establish a fundamentally new phosphorylation motif that is broadly targeted by CDPKs: φ−1-[ST]0-φ+1-X-Basic+3-Basic+4, where φ is a hydrophobic residue. Database analysis using the new motif predicts a number of novel phosphorylation sites in plant proteins. Finally, we also demonstrate that CDPKs and SnRK1s do not recognize motifs presented in the reverse order, indicating that side chain interactions alone are not sufficient for substrate recognition. DA - 2004/8/1/ PY - 2004/8/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.abb.2004.04.025 VL - 428 IS - 1 SP - 81-91 SN - 1096-0384 KW - calcium-dependent protein kinase KW - phosphorylation motif KW - synthetic peptide phosphorylation KW - ethylene biosynthesis KW - phosphorylation site prediction KW - 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase ER - TY - JOUR TI - Growth stage, auxin type, and concentration influence rooting Virginia pine stem cuttings AU - Rosier, C. L. AU - Frampton, J. AU - Goldfarb, B. AU - Wise, F. C. AU - Blazich, F. A. T2 - HortScience DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 39 IS - 6 SP - 1392-1396 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Flurprimidol foliar sprays and substrate drenches control growth of 'Pacino' pot sunflowers AU - Whipker, B. E. AU - McCall, I. AU - Gibson, J. L. AU - Cavins, T. J. T2 - HortTechnology DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 14 IS - 3 SP - 411-414 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Control of silvery-thread moss (Bryum argenteum Hedw.) in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.) putting greens AU - Burnell, KD AU - Yelverton, FH AU - Neal, JC AU - Gannon, TW AU - McElroy, JS T2 - WEED TECHNOLOGY AB - Field experiments were conducted to evaluate chemicals for silvery-thread moss control and bentgrass turfgrass quality. Treatments included iron (Fe)-containing products, nitrogen fertilizers, Ultra Dawn dishwashing detergent (UD) at 3% (v/v), and oxadiazon. In general, greater silvery-thread moss control was achieved with Fe-containing products. Ferrous sulfate at 40 kg Fe/ha plus ammonium sulfate at 30 kg N/ha, a combined product of ferrous oxide, ferrous sulfate, and iron humates (FEOSH) at 125 kg Fe/ha, and a combined product of iron disulfide and ferrous sulfate (FEDS) at 112 kg Fe/ha reduced silvery-thread moss populations 87, 81, and 69%, respectively, 6 wk after initial treatment (WAIT). UD reduced silvery-thread moss populations 57% 6 WAIT. The addition of oxadiazon to Fe-containing treatments did not improve silvery-thread moss population reduction. Other experiments evaluated two formulations of chlorothalonil, each applied at two rates, chlorothalonil with zinc at 9.5 and 17.4 kg ai/ha and chlorothalonil without zinc at 9.1 and 18.2 kg/ ha, and two spray volumes (2,038 and 4,076 L/ha). Greater silvery-thread moss population reduction was observed at Jefferson Landing in 1999 compared with Elk River in 1999 and 2000. Rainfall events at Elk River in 1999 and 2000 within 24 h after application and no rain at Jefferson Landing may account for variation in performance of products between sites. However, no difference in chlorothalonil formulation, rate, or spray volume was observed in any location or year. These data indicate that Fe-containing fertilizers or chlorothalonil can be used to reduce silvery-thread moss populations in creeping bentgrass putting greens. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1614/WT-03-082R1 VL - 18 IS - 3 SP - 560-565 SN - 1550-2740 KW - bryology KW - moss control KW - turfgrass injury ER - TY - JOUR TI - Skin adhesion in sweetpotato and its lack of relationship to polygalacturonase and pectinmethylesterase during storage AU - Villavicencio, LE AU - Blankenship, SM AU - Yencho, GC T2 - POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY AB - Sweetpotatoes have a tendency to experience epidermal loss during harvest and postharvest handling. Epidermal detachment from underlying periderm (skin loss) causes weight loss, shriveling of the root surface, increased susceptibility to pathogen attack and inferior appearance. ‘Beauregard’ is very prone to skin loss, while ‘Jewel’ is thought to have stronger skin. Our objective was to determine the variation in skin strength in relation to cell wall enzyme activity and to determine possible correlations among these variables that could explain skin loss on the basis of enzyme activity during storage of the roots. Skin adhesion, polygalacturonase (PG) and pectinmethylesterase (PME) activity were measured during storage of ‘Beauregard’ and ‘Jewel’ roots in 1999 and again in 2000. Skin adhesion varied among years and cultivars. Overall, roots of ‘Beauregard’ were more susceptible than ‘Jewel’ to skin loss after several weeks of storage. Roots of ‘Jewel’ had lower skin adhesion at harvest, which increased after several weeks of storage and decreased again at the end of the storage period. Enzyme activity exhibited a random pattern during the storage period, and skin adhesion did not correlate with PG or PME activity. DA - 2004/5// PY - 2004/5// DO - 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2003.10.007 VL - 32 IS - 2 SP - 183-192 SN - 1873-2356 KW - skinning KW - skin loss KW - periderm KW - 'Beauregard' KW - 'Jewel' KW - Ipomoea batatas KW - epidermis ER - TY - JOUR TI - Shearing date affects growth and quality of fraser fir Christmas trees AU - Hinesley, L. E. AU - Derby, S. A. T2 - HortScience DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 39 IS - 5 SP - 1020-1024 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nitrogen availability and decomposition of urban yard trimmings in soil AU - Sullivan, D. M. AU - Nartea, T. J. AU - Bary, A. I. AU - Cogger, C. G. AU - Myhre, E. A. T2 - Soil Science DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1097/01.ss.0000146092.76806.16 VL - 169 IS - 10 SP - 697-707 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mist, substrate water potential and cutting water potential influence rooting of stem cuttings of loblolly pine AU - Lebude, AV AU - Goldfarb, B AU - Blazich, FA AU - Wise, FC AU - Frampton, J T2 - TREE PHYSIOLOGY AB - We investigated the influence of cutting water potential (Psicut) on rooting of juvenile hardwood (dormant) and softwood (succulent) stem cuttings of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) propagated under varying substrate water potentials (Psisub) and volumes of mist application. Mist treatment and Psisub contributed to the Psicut of unrooted stem cuttings. When Psisub was held constant across mist treatments, mist treatment contributed strongly to Psicut. Substrate water potential affected rooting percentage when mist treatment was sub-optimal or excessive, otherwise mist treatment had a stronger effect than Psisub on rooting percentage. Cuttings rooted best when subjected to moderate cutting water potentials (-0.5 to -1.2 MPa) during the initial 4 or 5 weeks of the rooting period. Cuttings experiencing either severe water deficit or no water deficit rooted poorly. We conclude that the rooting environment should impose a moderate water stress on loblolly pine stem cuttings to achieve optimum rooting. DA - 2004/7// PY - 2004/7// DO - 10.1093/treephys/24.7.823 VL - 24 IS - 7 SP - 823-831 SN - 1758-4469 KW - adventitious rooting KW - clonal forestry KW - Pinus taeda KW - vegetative propagation KW - soil water deficit KW - water relations KW - water stress ER - TY - JOUR TI - Inheritance of resistance to zucchini yellow mosaic virus and watermelon mosaic virus in watermelon AU - Xu, Y AU - Kang, D AU - Shi, Z AU - Shen, H AU - Wehner, T T2 - JOURNAL OF HEREDITY AB - High resistance to zucchini yellow mosaic virus–China strain (ZYMV-CH) and moderate resistance to watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) were found in a selection of PI 595203 (Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus), an Egusi type originally collected in Nigeria. Mixed inoculations showed primarily that these two viruses have no cross-protection. This fact may explain the high frequency of mixed infection often observed in commercial fields. When plants were inoculated with a mixture of the two viruses, the frequency of plants resistant to ZYMV was lower than expected, indicating that WMV infection may reduce the ability of a plant to resist ZYMV. We studied inheritance of resistance to ZYMV-CH and WMV, using crosses between a single-plant selection of PI 595203 and the ZYMV-susceptible watermelon inbreds 9811 and 98R. According to virus ratings of the susceptible parents, the resistant parent, and the F1, F2, and BC1 generations, resistance to ZYMV-CH was conferred by a single recessive gene, for which the symbol zym-CH is suggested. The high tolerance to WMV was controlled by at least two recessive genes. DA - 2004/11// PY - 2004/11// DO - 10.1093/jhered/esh076 VL - 95 IS - 6 SP - 498-502 SN - 1465-7333 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Inheritance of egusi seed type in watermelon AU - Gusmini, G. AU - Wehner, Todd AU - Jarret, R. L. T2 - Journal of Heredity AB - An unusual seed mutant in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus) has seeds with a fleshy pericarp, commonly called egusi seeds. The origin of the phenotype is unknown, but it is widely cultivated in Nigeria for the high protein and carbohydrate content of the edible seeds. Egusi seeds have a thick, fleshy pericarp that appears during the second to third week of fruit development. We studied the inheritance of this phenotype in crosses of normal seeded Charleston Gray and Calhoun Gray with two plant introduction accessions, PI 490383w and PI 560006, having the egusi seed type. We found that the egusi seed type is controlled by a single recessive gene, and the symbol eg was assigned. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1093/jhered/esh031 VL - 95 IS - 3 SP - 268–270 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Influence of photoperiod and temperature on vegetative growth and development of Florida betony (Stachys floridana) AU - McElroy, JS AU - Yelverton, FH AU - Neal, JC AU - Rufty, TW T2 - WEED SCIENCE AB - Experiments were conducted in environmental chambers to the evaluate effects of photoperiod and temperature on Florida betony growth and development. Plants were exposed to two photoperiods, short day (9 h) and long day (9 + 3 h night interruption), and three day/night temperature regimes, 18/14, 22/18, and 26/22 C. After 10 wk of growth, shoot length and weight were 3.4 and 3.5 times greater, respectively, in the long-day photoperiod and with the 26 and 22 than with the 22 and 18 C day and night temperature regime, respectively. Shoot number, however, was greatest in the short-day photoperiod and at a lower temperature of 22/18 C. Shoot number in long day 22/18 C and 26/22 C environments increased asymptotically. No difference in root weight was observed between long- and short-day environments, but root weight increased with increasing temperature. Flowering and tuber production only occurred in long-day environments, with greater production of both at higher temperatures. Results provide a general framework for understanding Florida betony growth and development characteristics in the field and provide insights that should be considered in developing control strategies. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1614/WS-03-045R VL - 52 IS - 2 SP - 267-270 SN - 1550-2759 KW - day length KW - tuber formation KW - weed biology ER - TY - JOUR TI - Heat and drought influence photosynthesis, water relations, and soluble carbohydrates of two ecotypes of redbud (Cercis canadensis) AU - Griffin, J. J. AU - Ranney, T. G. AU - Pharr, D. M. T2 - Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 129 IS - 4 SP - 497-502 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Utilization of treated swine wastewater for greenhouse tomato production AU - Cheng, J AU - Shearin, TE AU - Peet, MM AU - Willits, DH T2 - WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AB - An integrated system has been developed to recycle waste organics and treated wastewater from a swine farm to make value-added products and to protect the environment from potential contamination. The farm is a farrow-to-wean swine operation with approximately 4,000 sows. A high-strength wastewater (chemical oxygen demand, 18,000 mg/l; total Khejdal nitrogen, 1,600 mg/l; total phosphorus, 360 mg/l) is produced from the swine operation. An ambient-temperature anaerobic digester has been used to treat the swine wastewater and to produce biogas (from an average 475 m3/day in winter to 950 m3/day in summer). The biogas is combusted in an engine to produce electricity (around 900 kW-hr/day). The digester effluent that is rich in nutrients (N, P, and minerals) is then utilized for fertigation for greenhouse tomato production. A trickling nitrification biofilter has been developed to convert ammonium in the effluent into nitrate. The nitrified anaerobic effluent is used as both fertilizer and irrigation water for approximately 14,400 tomato plants in greenhouses. Experimental data indicate that the tomato greenhouses have used approximately 12 m3 of the effluent and 3.84 kg nitrogen per day. At the same time, the greenhouses have a daily yield of 520 kg (37 g/plant) of marketable fruit. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.2166/wst.2004.0093 VL - 50 IS - 2 SP - 77-82 SN - 0273-1223 KW - anaerobic KW - biofilter KW - nitrification KW - swine KW - tomato KW - treatment KW - wastewater ER - TY - JOUR TI - Field and detached-fruit screening tests for resistance to belly rot in cucumber AU - Wehner, T. C. AU - Shetty, N. V. AU - Sloane, J. T. T2 - HortScience DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 39 IS - 1 SP - 149-152 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bud development and floral morphogenesis in four apple cultivars AU - Hoover, E AU - De Silva, N AU - Mcartney, S AU - Hirst, P T2 - JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE & BIOTECHNOLOGY AB - SummaryBuds were sampled from non-flowering spurs that had developed on 1 year-old wood of four apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars during the 1998-99 growing season in order to determine the effect of cultivar on appendage formation, doming and flower morphogenesis. Cultivars differed in their pattern of appendage formation over time. The rate of appendage formation was highest in ‘Fuji’ and ‘Pacific Rose™’ and lowest in ‘Braeburn’ during the first 60 d after bloom (DAB). A high proportion of buds were floral in all cultivars at the end of the growing season (75–100% depending on cultivar). However, the probability of observing doming was never greater than 0.13, indicating that flower morphogenesis proceeded rapidly once buds were committed to floral development. The four cultivars each exhibited a unique pattern of floral development, as determined by fitting response probabilities to each of five ordinal stages of development with time. Doming occurred significantly earlier in ‘Fuji’ buds (peaking 86 DAB) than in buds of the other cultivars (peaking 104–112 DAB). Doming was initiated at the same time in buds of ‘Braeburn’, ‘Royal Gala’ and ‘Pacific Rose™, but was completed earlier in ‘Braeburn’ than in ‘Royal Gala’. The timing of floral commitment was not related either to the time of flowering, or to the time of fruit maturity of the cultivar. These observations indicate that the timing of specific events during flower morphogenesis differed between cultivars. DA - 2004/11// PY - 2004/11// DO - 10.1080/14620316.2004.11511877 VL - 79 IS - 6 SP - 981-984 SN - 1462-0316 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Individual and combined effects of shading and thinning chemicals on abscission and dry-matter accumulation of 'Royal Gala' apple fruit AU - McArtney, S AU - White, M AU - Latter, I AU - Campbell, J T2 - JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE & BIOTECHNOLOGY AB - SummarySummaryShade and chemical thinning treatments were applied to mature ‘Royal Gala’/M.26 apple trees either alone or in combination to study their effects on the pattern of abscission and growth of spur fruit. Natural fruit drop occurred in two distinct waves in both years; the first wave peaked 20 d after bloom (DAB) at a weekly abscission rate of c 15% in both years. The second wave of fruit drop in 2001 occurred earlier and was more intense than in the previous season. Application of NAA as a bloom thinner increased the maximum weekly abscission rate during the first wave of fruit drop in both years. Chemical fruit thinning treatments (Carbaryl in 2000, BA or delayed lime sulphur in 2001) had no effect on abscission or growth of spur fruit. Covering trees with 80% shade cloth for 3 d (2000) or 5 d (2001) stimulated a wave of fruit abscission that peaked c 10–15 d after removal of the cloth. Shade during the period from 20–25 DAB stimulated more fruit drop than earlier shade treatments, resulting in weekly abscission rates as high as 70%.There were no additive effects of combining thinning chemicals and shade treatments on abscission of fruit from spurs. However, additive effects of shade and thinning treatments were observed when measured as whole-tree crop density values, indicating that abscission of fruit from one-year wood was stimulated when low light conditions preceded application of (fruit) thinning chemicals. Shading trees from 34–39 DAB in 2000 resulted in a transient reduction and subsequent increase in the rate of dry-matter accumulation in fruit that were retained. Considerable challenges lie ahead in developing models of fruit growth that can account for the inter-dependent effects of light and crop load on fruit abscission and development that exist within an orchard environment. DA - 2004/5// PY - 2004/5// DO - 10.1080/14620316.2004.11511787 VL - 79 IS - 3 SP - 441-448 SN - 1462-0316 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Root and shoot growth periodicity of Kalmia latifolia 'Sarah' and Ilex crenata 'Compacta' AU - Wright, A. N. AU - Warren, S. L. AU - Blazich, F. A. AU - Blum, U. T2 - HortScience DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 39 IS - 2 SP - 243-247 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Polyphasic characterization of Xanthomonas strains from onion AU - Gent, DH AU - Schwartz, HF AU - Ishimaru, CA AU - Louws, FJ AU - Cramer, RA AU - Lawrence, CB T2 - PHYTOPATHOLOGY AB - Xanthomonas leaf blight has become an increasingly important disease of onion, but the diversity among Xanthomonas strains isolated from onion is unknown, as is their relationship to other species and pathovars of Xanthomonas. Forty-nine Xanthomonas strains isolated from onion over 27 years from 10 diverse geographic regions were characterized by pathogenicity to onion and dry bean, fatty acid profiles, substrate utilization patterns (Biolog), bactericide resistance, repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction fingerprinting, rDNA internally transcribed spacer (ITS) region, and hrp b6 gene sequencing. Multiplication of onion Xanthomonas strain R-O177 was not different from X. axonopodis pv. phaseoli in dry bean, but typical common bacterial blight disease symptoms were absent in dry bean. Populations from each geographical region were uniformly sensitive to 100 μg of CuSO 4 , 100 μg of ZnSO 4 , and 100 μg of streptomycin sulfate per ml. Biolog substrate utilization and fatty acid profiles revealed close phenoltypic relatedness between onion strains of Xanthomonas and X. axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae (57% of strains) and X. arboricola pv. poinsettiicola (37% of strains), respectively. A logistic regression model based on fatty acid composition and substrate utilization classified 69% of strains into their geographical region of origin. Sequencing of a portion of the hrp B6 gene from 24 strains and ITS region from 25 strains revealed greater than 97% sequence similarity among strains. DNA fingerprinting revealed five genotype groups within onion strains of Xanthomonas and a high degree of genetic diversity among geographical regions of origin. Based on pathogenicity to onion, carbon substrate utilization, fatty acid profiles, rDNA genetic diversity, and genomic fingerprints, we conclude that the strains examined in this study are pathovar X. axonopodis pv. allii. Implications of genetic and phenotypic diversity within X. axonopodis pv. allii are discussed in relation to an integrated pest management program. DA - 2004/2// PY - 2004/2// DO - 10.1094/PHYTO.2004.94.2.184 VL - 94 IS - 2 SP - 184-195 SN - 1943-7684 KW - Allium cepa KW - Allium fistulosum KW - Capsicum annuum KW - Phaseolus vulgaris ER - TY - JOUR TI - Plant development and harvest yields of greenhouse tomatoes in six organic growing systems AU - Rippy, J. F. M. AU - Peet, M. M. AU - Louws, F. J. AU - Nelson, P. V. AU - Orr, D. B. AU - Sorensen, K. A. T2 - HortScience DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 39 IS - 2 SP - 223-229 ER - TY - PAT TI - Ornamental sweetpotato plant named 'Sweet Caroline Purple' AU - Pecota, K. AU - Yencho, G. C. AU - Pierce, C. C2 - 2004/// DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Producing and marketing strawberries for direct market operations AU - Safley, C. D. AU - Poling, E. B. AU - Wohlgenant, M. K. AU - Sydorovych, O. AU - Williams, R. F. T2 - HortTechnology DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 14 IS - 1 SP - 124-135 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Altered flower retention and developmental patterns in nine tomato cultivars under elevated temperature AU - Sato, S AU - Peet, MM AU - Gardner, RG T2 - SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE AB - Moderately elevated temperature effects on flower development were examined in nine tomato cultivars (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Plants were grown under high (HT, 32/28 °C day/night temperatures) and control (CT, 26/22 °C) temperature conditions. Fate of flowers developed was categorized as seeded fruit, parthenocarpic fruit, undeveloped flowers, or aborted flowers. Although HT decreased seeded fruit set in all nine cultivars, the degree of sensitivity and the pattern of reaction to the elevated temperature differed among cultivars. FLA7156 was the most tolerant cultivar, although under HT seeded fruit set was less than half that at CT (22.5% compared to 46.8%). The remaining cultivars had very few or no seeded fruit set at all at HT. The percentage of parthenocarpic fruit increased at HT compared to CT in all cultivars. Aborted flowers also increased in FLA7156, NC8288, NCHS1 and NC46E, but did not change in ‘Piedmont’, NC279HS, and NC403HS, or decreased in ‘Fresh Market 9’ and TH318. Reduction of flower abortion and increase of parthenocarpic fruit set can be advantageous traits for breeding of high temperature tolerant tomato cultivars. DA - 2004/5/3/ PY - 2004/5/3/ DO - 10.1016/j.scienta.2003.10.008 VL - 101 IS - 1-2 SP - 95-101 SN - 0304-4238 KW - Lycopersicon esculentum Mill KW - parthenocarpy KW - undeveloped flowers KW - flower abortion KW - high temperature stress ER - TY - JOUR TI - Photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, and carbohydrate content of Illicium taxa grown under varied irradiance AU - Griffin, J. J. AU - Ranney, T. G. AU - Pharr, D. M. T2 - Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 129 IS - 1 SP - 46-53 ER - TY - CONF TI - Swine wastewater treatment and reclamation AU - Cheng, J. J. AU - Peet, M. M. AU - Willits, D. H. C2 - 2004/// C3 - Progress on bioproducts processing and food safety, selected papers from the 1st International Conference of CIGR section VI on bioproducts processing and food safety, Beijing, China, 11-14 October 2004 DA - 2004/// VL - 1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The genes of watermelon AU - Guner, N. AU - Wehner, T. C. T2 - HortScience DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 39 IS - 6 SP - 1175-1182 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Rind thickness of watermelon cultivars for use in pickle production AU - Gusmini, G. AU - Schultheis, J. R. AU - Wehner, T. C. T2 - HortTechnology DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 14 IS - 4 SP - 540-545 ER -