TY - BOOK TI - Nanotoxicology: Characterization, dosing and health effects AU - Monteiro-Riviere, N.A. AU - Tran, C.L. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// SE - 1-435 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84907389735&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CHAP TI - Solvent and vehicle effects on the skin AU - Roberts, M.S. AU - Gierden, A. AU - Riviere, J.E. AU - Monteiro-Riviere, N.A. T2 - Dermal Absorption and Toxicity Assessment, Second Edition PY - 2007/// SP - 433-448 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85056948070&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - BOOK TI - Preface AU - Monteiro-Riviere, N.A. AU - Tran, C.L. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// SE - iii-iv UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85057430652&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Meeting report: Hazard assessment for nanoparticles-report from an interdisciplinary workshop AU - Balbus, J.M. AU - Maynard, A.D. AU - Colvin, V.L. AU - Castranova, V. AU - Daston, G.P. AU - Denison, R.A. AU - Dreher, K.L. AU - Goering, P.L. AU - Goldberg, A.M. AU - Kulinowski, K.M. AU - Monteiro-Riviere, N.A. AU - Oberdörster, G. AU - Omenn, G.S. AU - Pinkerton, K.E. AU - Ramos, K.S. AU - Rest, K.M. AU - Sass, J.B. AU - Silbergeld, E.K. AU - Wong, B.A. T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives AB - In this report we present the findings from a nanotoxicology workshop held 6-7 April 2006 at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington, DC. Over 2 days, 26 scientists from government, academia, industry, and nonprofit organizations addressed two specific questions: what information is needed to understand the human health impact of engineered nanoparticles and how is this information best obtained? To assess hazards of nanoparticles in the near-term, most participants noted the need to use existing in vivo toxicologic tests because of their greater familiarity and interpretability. For all types of toxicology tests, the best measures of nanoparticle dose need to be determined. Most participants agreed that a standard set of nanoparticles should be validated by laboratories worldwide and made available for benchmarking tests of other newly created nanoparticles. The group concluded that a battery of tests should be developed to uncover particularly hazardous properties. Given the large number of diverse materials, most participants favored a tiered approach. Over the long term, research aimed at developing a mechanistic understanding of the numerous characteristics that influence nanoparticle toxicity was deemed essential. Predicting the potential toxicity of emerging nanoparticles will require hypothesis-driven research that elucidates how physicochemical parameters influence toxic effects on biological systems. Research needs should be determined in the context of the current availability of testing methods for nanoscale particles. Finally, the group identified general policy and strategic opportunities to accelerate the development and implementation of testing protocols and ensure that the information generated is translated effectively for all stakeholders. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// DO - 10.1289/ehp.10327 VL - 115 IS - 11 SP - 1654-1659 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-38449088295&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CHAP TI - Dermal effects of nanomaterials AU - Monteiro-Riviere, N.A. AU - Inman, A.O. AU - Ryman-Rasmussen, J.P. T2 - Nanotoxicology: Characterization, Dosing and Health Effects PY - 2007/// SP - 317-337 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-41549113687&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CHAP TI - Animal skin morphology and dermal absorption AU - Monteiro-Riviere, N.A. AU - Baynes, R.E. AU - Riviere, J.E. T2 - Dermal Absorption and Toxicity Assessment, Second Edition PY - 2007/// SP - 17-36 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77952889776&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CHAP TI - Dermatotoxicology AU - Monteiro-Riviere, N.A. T2 - Molecular and Biochemical Toxicology, Fourth Edition AB - This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Functions of Skin Epidermis Anatomical Factors to Consider in Model Selection Percutaneous Absorption and Penetration Dermatotoxicity Dermal Toxicity of Nanoparticles Conclusion Suggested Reading PY - 2007/// DO - 10.1002/9780470285251.ch35 SP - 851-880 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84889338262&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparative pathology of mammary gland cancers in domestic and wild animals AU - Munson, L. AU - Moresco, A. T2 - Breast Disease AB - Mammary cancer occurs among all taxonomic groups, and comparing the disease in animals with breast cancer in women could greatly improve our understanding of the relevant risk factors and genetic profiles for this disease. Differences in cancer prevalence between carnivores and herbivores and between captive and wild carnivores are striking and support the hypotheses that diet and reproductive history are major risk factors. Domestic dogs and cats have a high prevalence of mammary tumors, and the majority of tumors in cats are aggressive cancers. Many domestic dogs and cats are prevented from breeding, resulting in their being exposed to recurrent estrogen peaks followed by high persistent levels of progesterone. Therefore progesterone appears to be a significant risk factor for cancer development. Supporting this suspicion is the observation that most mammary cancers in zoo cats are in those treated with the potent synthetic progestin contraceptive, melengestrol acetate. The more common morphologic types of mammary cancer in canids and felids include tubulopapillary, solid, cribriform, comedo and anaplastic carcinomas. Dogs also develop complex carcinomas, which likely evolve from the complex adenomas or mixed tumors that are so common in this species and are promoted by exogenous progesterone treatment. Among zoo felids, jaguars are at higher risk for mammary cancer and also have a high prevalence of ovarian papillarycystadenocarcinomas, a profile similar to women with BRCA1 mutations. As for women, estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression varies in canine and feline mammary cancers. In general, ER expression is low, but PR expression persists in most cancers. Alterations in molecular controls of cell proliferation or survival in breast cancer, such as cyclin A and p53 expression, have been identified in dog and cat mammary cancers. Overall, spontaneous mammary cancers in cats and dogs make excellent models for human breast cancer, and knowledge of mammary carcinogenesis would be greatly enhanced across all species by a "One Medicine" approach. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// DO - 10.3233/BD-2007-28102 VL - 28 SP - 7-21 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-36549023152&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Head Trauma AU - Holawaychuk, M.K. AU - Hansen, B.G. AU - Hanel, R.M. AU - Marks, S.L. AU - Mariani, C.L. T2 - Standards of Care, Emergency and Critical Care Medicine DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// VL - 9 IS - 6 SP - 1–8,16 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Normal and abnormal water balance: hyponatremia and hypernatremia AU - James, K.M. AU - Lunn, K.F. T2 - Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practising Veterinarian- North American Edition DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// VL - 29 IS - 10 SP - 589–609 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Normal and abnormal water balance: polyuria and polydipsia AU - James, KM AU - Lunn, K.F. T2 - Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practising Veterinarian- North American Edition DA - 2007/10// PY - 2007/10// VL - 29 IS - 10 SP - 612–624 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Fever of Unknown Origin AU - Lunn, K.F. T2 - The Merck/Merial Manual for Pet Health A2 - Kahn, C.M. A2 - Line, S PY - 2007/// PB - Merck & Co. SN - 9780911910995 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Pneumonia, aspiration AU - Hawkins, E.C. T2 - Blackwell's five-minute veterinary consult : canine and feline A2 - Tilley, L.P. A2 - Smith, F.W.K., Jr PY - 2007/// ET - 4th SP - 1083 PB - Blackwell Publishing SN - 9780781773607 ER - TY - CONF TI - Potentiation of thrombocytopenia and anemia in dogs experimentally coinfected with anaplasma platys and ehrlichia canis AU - Gaunt, S.D. AU - Ramaswamy, C. AU - Beall, M. AU - Caterina, K. AU - Breitschwerdt, E. T2 - 25th Annual American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Forum C2 - 2007/// C3 - Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine CY - Seattle, WA DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/6/6/ VL - 21 SP - 576 M1 - 3 ER - TY - CONF TI - Preliminary evaluation of a peptide-based assay for detection of ehrlichia ewingh antibodies in experimentally and naturally-infected dogs AU - Daniluk, D. AU - Shiuenwhite, J. AU - O'Connor, T. AU - Yabsley, M AU - Adams, DS AU - Diniz, Pedro AU - Breitschwerdt, EB AU - Gaunt, S AU - Chandrashekar, Ramaswamy T2 - 25th Annual American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Forum C2 - 2007/// C3 - Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine CY - Seattle, WA DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/6/6/ VL - 21 SP - 625 M1 - 3 ER - TY - CONF TI - Pathogens in rhipicephalus sanguineus infested dogs from the southwestern united states AU - Diniz, P.P.V.P. AU - Beall, M AU - Chandrashekarl, R AU - Daniluk, D AU - Cyr, K AU - Koterski, JF AU - Robbins, RG AU - Konialestewa, P. AU - Hegarty, B AU - Breitschwerdt, EB T2 - 25th Annual American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Forum C2 - 2007/// C3 - Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine CY - Seattle, WA DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/6/6/ VL - 21 SP - 625 M1 - 3 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Polycythemia AU - Haber, M. AU - Harrell, K.A. AU - Marks, S.L. T2 - Standards of Care Emergency and Critical Care Medicine DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// VL - 9 IS - 5 SP - 1-10 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Corneal diseases and surgery AU - Gilger, B.C. T2 - Veterinary Ophthalmology A2 - Gelatt, K.N. PY - 2007/// ET - 4th PB - Blackwell Publishing ER - TY - JOUR TI - Equine colic research: future prospects for an age-old problem AU - Blikslager, A.T. T2 - Journal of Equine Veterinary Science DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// VL - 27 IS - 12 SP - 546–547 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Dilated Cardiomyopathy - Cats AU - DeFrancesco, T.C. T2 - Blackwell’s Five-Minute Veterinary Consult: Canine and Feline A2 - Tilley, LP A2 - Smith, FWK PY - 2007/// ET - 4th SP - 208–209 PB - Blackwell Publishing Professional ER - TY - CHAP TI - Aortic Thromboembolism AU - DeFrancesco, T.C. T2 - Blackwell’s Five-Minute Veterinary Consult: Canine and Feline A2 - Tilley, LP A2 - Smith, FWK PY - 2007/// ET - 4th SP - 98–99 PB - Blackwell Publishing Professional ER - TY - CHAP TI - Meningitis and encephalitis in dogs, cats and horses AU - Muñana, K.R. T2 - The Merck-Merial Manual of Pet Health PY - 2007/// SP - 210–211, 466–467, 722–723, ER - TY - JOUR TI - Attachment of popup archival transmitting (PAT) tags to loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) AU - Epperly, S.P. AU - Wyneken, J. AU - Flanagan, J.P. AU - Harms, C.A. AU - Higgins, B. T2 - Herpetological Review DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// VL - 38 SP - 419–425 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Diagnostic use of cytologic examination of bone marrow from dogs with thrombocytopenia: 58 cases (1994–2004) AU - Miller, Matthew D. AU - Lunn, Katharine F. T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AB - To determine the diagnostic use of cytologic examination of bone marrow from dogs with thrombocytopenia.Retrospective case series.58 dogs with thrombocytopenia.Medical records were searched and reviewed for dogs with thrombocytopenia. Dogs that had thrombocytopenia and cytologic examination of bone marrow were included in the study. Dogs with other hematologic abnormalities, with a previous diagnosis of hematopoietic neoplasia, or that had previous treatment with cytotoxic drugs were excluded. Bone marrow cytologic findings were reviewed. Results were compared between dogs with severe thrombocytopenia (< 20,000 platelets/microL) and dogs with mild to moderate thrombocytopenia (20,000 to 200,000 platelets/microL).58 dogs met the inclusion criteria. Of 55 dogs with diagnostic bone marrow aspirates, 36 had severe thrombocytopenia. Cytologic evaluation of bone marrow did not reveal substantial nonmegakaryocytic bone marrow abnormalities or result in a definitive diagnosis in any of these dogs. Nineteen dogs with mild to moderate thrombocytopenia had diagnostic bone marrow aspirates. Bone marrow cytologic findings revealed nonmegakaryocytic abnormalities in 4 of these dogs. Significantly fewer dogs with severe thrombocytopenia had abnormalities identified on cytologic examination of bone marrow, compared with dogs with mild to moderate thrombocytopenia.Cytologic examination of bone marrow is unlikely to provide specific diagnostic or prognostic information in dogs with severe thrombocytopenia. DA - 2007/11/15/ PY - 2007/11/15/ DO - 10.2460/javma.231.10.1540 VL - 231 IS - 10 SP - 1540-1544 J2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association LA - en OP - SN - 0003-1488 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.231.10.1540 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cytologic Diagnosis of Diseases of Invertebrates AU - Van Wettere, Arnaud AU - Lewbart, Gregory A. T2 - Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice AB - Invertebrate medicine in the context of an exotic or zoo animal veterinary practice is in its infancy. Establishment of species-specific reference values and evaluation of the effectiveness of cytology for diagnosis of specific diseases are necessary. Despite the lack of normal reference parameters for most species encountered in clinical practice, important information may be obtained from cytologic examination of tissue imprints, aspirates, scrapings, and hemolymph. This information may be essential to establish a specific diagnosis, focus investigations, and influence treatments. It is hoped that this article stimulates veterinarians who work with invertebrates to use diagnostic cytology and disseminate the results of their experience. DA - 2007/1// PY - 2007/1// DO - 10.1016/j.cvex.2006.11.003 VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - 235-254 J2 - Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice LA - en OP - SN - 1094-9194 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvex.2006.11.003 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Infectious disease updates AU - Lunn, Katharine F. T2 - Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery DA - 2007/6// PY - 2007/6// DO - 10.1016/j.asams.2007.06.001 VL - 20 IS - 6 SP - 1-2 J2 - Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery LA - en OP - SN - 1041-7826 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asams.2007.06.001 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Platelet rich plasma (PRP) enhances anabolic gene expression patterns in flexor digitorum superficialis tendons AU - Schnabel, Lauren V. AU - Mohammed, Hussni O. AU - Miller, Brian J. AU - McDermott, William G. AU - Jacobson, May S. AU - Santangelo, Kelly S. AU - Fortier, Lisa A. T2 - Journal of Orthopaedic Research AB - Abstract Platelet rich plasma (PRP) has recently been investigated for use in tissue regeneration studies that seek to utilize the numerous growth factors released from platelet α‐granules. This study examined gene expression patterns, DNA, and collagen content of equine flexor digitorum superficialis tendon (SDFT) explants cultured in media consisting of PRP and other blood products. Blood and bone marrow aspirate (BMA) were collected from horses and processed to obtain plasma, PRP, and platelet poor plasma (PPP). IGF‐I, TGF‐β1, and PDGF‐BB were quantified in all blood products using ELISA. Tendons were cultured in explant fashion with blood, plasma, PRP, PPP, or BMA at concentrations of 100%, 50%, or 10% in serum‐free DMEM with amino acids. Quantitative RT‐PCR for expression of collagen type I (COL1A1), collagen type III (COL3A1), cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), decorin, matrix metalloproteinase‐3 (MMP‐3), and matrix metalloproteinase‐13 (MMP‐13) was performed as were DNA and total soluble collagen assays. TGF‐β1 and PDGF‐BB concentrations were higher in PRP compared to all other blood products tested. Tendons cultured in 100% PRP showed enhanced gene expression of the matrix molecules COL1A1, COL3A1, and COMP with no concomitant increase in the catabolic molecules MMP‐3 and MMP‐13. These findings support in vivo investigation of PRP as an autogenous, patient‐side treatment for tendonitis. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:230–240, 2007 DA - 2007/2// PY - 2007/2// DO - 10.1002/jor.20278 VL - 25 IS - 2 SP - 230-240 J2 - J. Orthop. Res. LA - en OP - SN - 0736-0266 1554-527X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jor.20278 DB - Crossref KW - platelet rich plasma (PRP) KW - tendonitis KW - collagen KW - cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) KW - matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) ER - TY - JOUR TI - Seasonal reliability of testosterone radioimmunoassay (RIA) for predicting sex ratios of juvenile loggerhead (Caretta caretta) turtles AU - Braun-McNeill, Joanne AU - Epperly, Sheryan P. AU - Owens, David W. AU - Avens, Larisa AU - Williams, Erik AU - Harms, Craig A. T2 - Herpetologica AB - Because sex is determined by incubation temperatures in sea turtles and immature animals are not sexually dimorphic externally, circulating levels of testosterone measured with radioimmunoassay (RIA), in conjunction with laparoscopies, have been used to estimate sex ratios. From September to December 1995 to 1997, and from June to December 1998 to 2002, we sampled blood from 1106 juvenile loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) incidentally captured in pound nets set in Core and Pamlico Sounds, North Carolina to measure testosterone levels. Laparoscopies of 89 of these turtles revealed a sex ratio of 2.1F:1M, similar to other juvenile loggerhead populations along the southeastern coast of the USA. Laparoscopies demonstrated that testosterone levels correctly identified males during summer months (water temperatures >23 C), but were unreliable during late autumn/winter months (water temperatures ≤16 C). During the summer months, females (n = 201) exhibited testosterone concentrations with an upper limit of 239.0 pg/ml, and males (n = 69) exhibited a lower limit of 372.0 pg/ml, for a sex ratio of 2.9F:1.0M. We recommend that verification of the RIA should be conducted by laparoscoping a subset of turtles sampled in all sex ratio studies. In addition, this verification should be conducted at several different times throughout the year to evaluate any possible seasonal effects on testosterone concentrations. DA - 2007/9// PY - 2007/9// DO - 10.1655/0018-0831(2007)63[275:srotrr]2.0.co;2 VL - 63 IS - 3 SP - 275-284 SN - 0018-0831 1938-5099 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1655/0018-0831(2007)63[275:srotrr]2.0.co;2 KW - Caretta caretta KW - laparoscopy KW - loggerhead sea turtle KW - radioimmunoassay KW - sex ratio KW - testosterone ER - TY - JOUR TI - Estimation of 24-h aldosterone secretion in the dog using the urine aldosterone: Creatinine ratio AU - Gardner, Sarah Y. AU - Atkins, Clarke E. AU - Rausch, William P. AU - DeFrancesco, Teresa C. AU - Chandler, Donald Walt AU - Keene, Bruce W. T2 - Journal of Veterinary Cardiology AB - One potential method of evaluating renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) activation involves the quantification of urinary aldosterone excretion. While blood concentrations of aldosterone are easily obtained, results may be misleading because of minute-to-minute variation in aldosterone secretion and subsequent blood concentrations. Urinary aldosterone concentration measurement represents a more consistent “pooled” index of aldosterone secretion, but obtaining 24-h urine samples is time-consuming, difficult, and fraught with potential error. We postulated that the urinary aldosterone:creatinine ratio, measured from spot urine samples, would correlate well with 24-h urinary aldosterone excretion, and would provide a simple index of aldosterone excretion that would eliminate the need for 24-h urine collection. After validating an assay for aldosterone in canine urine, 24-h urinary aldosterone excretion was determined by radioimmunoassay from 8 normal, male beagle dogs under control conditions, after RAAS stimulation with amlodipine administration, and after RAAS attenuation with the addition of enalapril to amlodipine administration. Spot urine samples, each obtained at the same time of day, were used to determine the aldosterone:creatinine ratio during control conditions, RAAS stimulation, and RAAS attenuation. The aldosterone:creatinine ratio from spot-checked urine samples correlated well with 24-h urinary aldosterone excretion (r = 0.77, P < 0.0001). A spot urinary aldosterone:creatinine ratio might be substituted for 24-h urinary aldosterone determination. DA - 2007/5// PY - 2007/5// DO - 10.1016/j.jvc.2006.11.001 VL - 9 IS - 1 SP - 1–7 J2 - Journal of Veterinary Cardiology LA - en OP - SN - 1760-2734 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvc.2006.11.001 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Methods and reliability of echocardiographic assessment of left atrial size and mechanical function in horses AU - Schwarzwald, C.C. AU - Schober, K.E. AU - Bonagura, J.D. T2 - American Journal of Veterinary Research AB - To assess the feasibility, describe the techniques, and determine the reliability of transthoracic echocardiography for characterization of left atrial (LA) size and LA mechanical function in horses.6 healthy adult horses.Repeated echocardiographic examinations were performed independently by 2 observers in standing, unsedated horses by use of 2-dimensional echocardiography, pulsed-wave flow Doppler, and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) techniques. Test reliability was determined by estimating measurement variability, within-day interobserver variability, and between-day inter- and intraobserver variability of all echocardiographic variables. Variability was expressed as the coefficient of variation (CV) and the absolute value below which the difference between 2 measurements will lie with 95% probability.Most echocardiographic variables of LA size had low overall variability (CV, < 15%). Among the 2-dimensional indices of LA mechanical function, area-based and volume-based ejection phase indices had moderate between-day variability (CV usually < 25%). Transmitral Doppler flow indices were characterized by low to high between-day variability (CV, 6% to 35%). The TDI wall motion velocities had high between-day variability (CV, > 25%), whereas most TDI-derived time intervals had low variability (CV, < 15%).LA size and mechanical function can be reliably assessed in standing, unsedated horses by use of 2-dimensional echocardiography, transmitral blood flow velocity profiles, and analyses of LA wall motion by use of TDI. These results may provide useful recommendations for echocardiographic assessment of LA size and function in horses. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// DO - 10.2460/ajvr.68.7.735 VL - 68 IS - 7 SP - 735-747 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34547484335&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Intranuclear paracrystals observed in striated muscle specific LIM protein-deficient mouse cardiomyocytes AU - Muto, M. AU - Sargeant, A. AU - Tangkawattana, P. AU - Takeyasu, K. AU - Nishijima, Y. AU - Bonagura, J. AU - Hoshijima, M. AU - Nakade, T. AU - Hosaka, Y. AU - Faulkner, G. AU - Tomono, K. AU - Yamaguchi, M. T2 - Microscopy Research and Technique AB - Abstract A paracrystalline structure was observed within left ventricular cardiomyocyte nuclei of MLP −/− mice. The paracrystal possessed cross lines, ∼8.0 μm long and 0.3 μm wide, with a slender spindle shape and a periodicity of 13 nm. Paracrystals were best observed along the longitudinal orientation of myofibrils and were detected in less than 10% of the nuclei observed. One dimension of the protein unit forming the paracrystal was 8.5 nm long. The electron density of the paracrystal appeared to be slightly higher than that of heterochromatin, suggesting that RNA‐associated proteins are constituents of the paracrystal. This is the first report of intranuclear paracrystals in cardiomyocytes, which appear to be unique to MLP −/− mice. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// DO - 10.1002/jemt.20386 VL - 70 IS - 1 SP - 50-54 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33846110395&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - intranuclear paracrystal KW - crystal KW - MLP knock-out mouse KW - cardiac myocyte KW - dilated cardiomyopathy ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mechanisms of impaired calcium handling underlying subclinical diastolic dysfunction in diabetes T2 - American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology AB - Isolated diastolic dysfunction is found in almost half of asymptomatic patients with well-controlled diabetes and may precede diastolic heart failure. However, mechanisms that underlie diastolic dysfunction during diabetes are not well understood. We tested the hypothesis that isolated diastolic dysfunction is associated with impaired myocardial Ca 2+ handling during type 1 diabetes. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were compared with age-matched placebo-treated rats. Global left ventricular myocardial performance and systolic function were preserved in diabetic animals. Diabetes-induced diastolic dysfunction was evident on Doppler flow imaging, based on the altered patterns of mitral inflow and pulmonary venous flows. In isolated ventricular myocytes, diabetes resulted in significant prolongation of action potential duration compared with controls, with afterdepolarizations occurring in diabetic myocytes ( P < 0.05). Sustained outward K + current and peak outward component of the inward rectifier were reduced in diabetic myocytes, while transient outward current was increased. There was no significant change in L-type Ca 2+ current; however, Ca 2+ transient amplitude was reduced and transient decay was prolonged by 38% in diabetic compared with control myocytes ( P < 0.05). Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ load (estimated by measuring the integral of caffeine-evoked Na + -Ca 2+ exchanger current and Ca 2+ transient amplitudes) was reduced by ∼50% in diabetic myocytes ( P < 0.05). In permeabilized myocytes, Ca 2+ spark amplitude and frequency were reduced by 34 and 20%, respectively, in diabetic compared with control myocytes ( P < 0.05). Sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca 2+ -ATPase-2a protein levels were decreased during diabetes. These data suggest that in vitro impairment of Ca 2+ reuptake during myocyte relaxation contributes to in vivo diastolic dysfunction, with preserved global systolic function, during diabetes. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// DO - 10.1152/ajpregu.00059.2007 VL - 293 IS - 5 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-36048948863&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - diastole KW - diabetes mellitus KW - cardiomyopathy KW - echocardiography KW - electrophysiology ER - TY - JOUR TI - Echocardiographic evidence of left atrial mechanical dysfunction after conversion of atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm in 5 horses AU - Schwarzwald, C.C. AU - Schober, K.E. AU - Bonagura, J.D. T2 - Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// DO - 10.1892/0891-6640(2007)21[820:EEOLAM]2.0.CO;2 VL - 21 IS - 4 SP - 820-827 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34547777966&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - atrial functional remodeling KW - atrial stunning KW - cardiology KW - equine ER - TY - JOUR TI - Atrial, SA nodal, and AV nodal electrophysiology in standing horses: Normal findings and electrophysiologic effects of quinidine and diltiazem AU - Schwarzwald, C.C. AU - Hamlin, R.L. AU - Bonagura, J.D. AU - Nishijima, Y. AU - Meadows, C. AU - Carnes, C.A. T2 - Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine AB - Although atrial arrhythmias are clinically important in horses, atrial electrophysiology has been incompletely studied.Standard electrophysiologic methods can be used to study drug effects in horses. Specifically, the effects of diltiazem on atrioventricular (AV) nodal conduction are rate-dependent and allow control of ventricular response rate during rapid atrial pacing in horses undergoing quinidine treatment.Fourteen healthy horses.Arterial blood pressure, surface electrocardiogram, and right atrial electrogram were recorded during sinus rhythm and during programmed electrical stimulation at baseline, after administration of quinidine gluconate (10 mg/kg IV over 30 minutes, n = 7; and 12 mg/kg IV over 5 minutes followed by 5 mg/kg/h constant rate infusion for the remaining duration of the study, n = 7), and after coadministration of diltiazem (0.125 mg/kg IV over 2 minutes repeated every 12 minutes to effect).Quinidine significantly prolonged the atrial effective refractory period, shortened the functional refractory period (FRP) of the AV node, and increased the ventricular response rate during atrial pacing. Diltiazem increased the FRP, controlled ventricular rate in a rate-dependent manner, caused dose-dependent suppression of the sinoatrial node and produced a significant, but well tolerated decrease in blood pressure. Effective doses of diltiazem ranged from 0.125 to 1.125 mg/kg.Standard electrophysiologic techniques allow characterization of drug effects in standing horses. Diltiazem is effective for ventricular rate control in this pacing model of supraventricular tachycardia. The use of diltiazem for rate control in horses with atrial fibrillation merits further investigation. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// DO - 10.1892/0891-6640(2007)21[166:ASNAAN]2.0.CO;2 VL - 21 IS - 1 SP - 166-175 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33847012195&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - atrial fibrillation KW - cardiology KW - drug effects KW - equine KW - programmed electrical stimulation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Chronic cardiac resynchronization therapy and reverse ventricular remodeling in a model of nonischemic cardiomyopathy T2 - Life Sciences AB - While cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality in heart failure (HF) patients, the fundamental mechanisms for the efficacy of CRT are poorly understood. The lack of understanding of these basic mechanisms represents a significant barrier to our understanding of the pathogenesis of HF and potential recovery mechanisms. Our purpose was to determine cellular mechanisms for the observed improvement in chronic HF after CRT. We used a canine model of chronic nonischemic cardiomyopathy. After 15 months, dogs were randomized to continued RV tachypacing (untreated HF) or CRT for an additional 9 months. Six minute walk tests, echocardiograms, and electrocardiograms were done to assess the functional response to therapy. Left ventricular (LV) midmyocardial myocytes were isolated to study electrophysiology and intracellular calcium regulation. Compared to untreated HF, CRT improved HF-induced increases in LV volumes, diameters and mass (p<0.05). CRT reversed HF-induced prolongations in LV myocyte repolarization (p<0.05) and normalized HF-induced depolarization (p<0.03) of the resting membrane potential. CRT improved HF-induced reductions in calcium (p<0.05). CRT did not attenuate the HF-induced increases in LV interstitial fibrosis. Using a translational approach in a chronic HF model, CRT significantly improved LV structure; this was accompanied by improved LV myocyte electrophysiology and calcium regulation. The beneficial effects of CRT may be attributable, in part, to improved LV myocyte function. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// DO - 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.08.022 VL - 81 IS - 14 SP - 1152-1159 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34548829906&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - heart failure KW - cardiac resynchronization KW - action potential KW - calcium ER - TY - JOUR TI - Double chambered right ventricle in 9 cats AU - Koffas, H. AU - Luis Fuentes, V. AU - Boswood, A. AU - Connolly, D.J. AU - Brockman, D.J. AU - Bonagura, J.D. AU - Meurs, K.M. AU - Koplitz, S. AU - Baumwart, R. T2 - Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine AB - Journal of Veterinary Internal MedicineVolume 21, Issue 1 p. 76-80 Open Access Double Chambered Right Ventricle in 9 Cats H. Koffas, H. Koffas Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK North Kent Referrals, Kent, and Beaumont Veterinary Hospital, Oxford, UK.Search for more papers by this authorV. Luis Fuentes, Corresponding Author V. Luis Fuentes Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK Royal Veterinary College, Queen Mother Hospital, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK; e-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorA. Boswood, A. Boswood Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UKSearch for more papers by this authorD.J. Connolly, D.J. Connolly Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UKSearch for more papers by this authorD.J. Brockman, D.J. Brockman Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UKSearch for more papers by this authorJ.D. Bonagura, J.D. Bonagura Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OHSearch for more papers by this authorK.M. Meurs, K.M. Meurs Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OHSearch for more papers by this authorS. Koplitz, S. Koplitz Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OHSearch for more papers by this authorR. Baumwart, R. Baumwart Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OHSearch for more papers by this author H. Koffas, H. Koffas Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK North Kent Referrals, Kent, and Beaumont Veterinary Hospital, Oxford, UK.Search for more papers by this authorV. Luis Fuentes, Corresponding Author V. Luis Fuentes Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK Royal Veterinary College, Queen Mother Hospital, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK; e-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorA. Boswood, A. Boswood Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UKSearch for more papers by this authorD.J. Connolly, D.J. Connolly Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UKSearch for more papers by this authorD.J. Brockman, D.J. Brockman Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UKSearch for more papers by this authorJ.D. Bonagura, J.D. Bonagura Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OHSearch for more papers by this authorK.M. Meurs, K.M. Meurs Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OHSearch for more papers by this authorS. Koplitz, S. Koplitz Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OHSearch for more papers by this authorR. Baumwart, R. Baumwart Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OHSearch for more papers by this author First published: 05 February 2008 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2007.tb02931.xCitations: 24 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Abstract Background: Double-chambered right ventricle (DCRV) is a frequently recognized cardiac congenital abnormality in humans. It has been described in dogs and in 1 cat. However systemic description of clinical and echocardiographic features of the disease in cats is currently lacking from the veterinary literature. Animals: Nine cats with DCRV are described. Results: The cats ranged from 4 months to 10 years of age. Eight cats at presentation were asymptomatic and 1 cat had chylothorax. In all cases echocardiography revealed abnormal fibromuscular bundles obstructing the mid-right ventricle, dividing the chamber into 2 compartments. The proximal right ventricular compartment was markedly hypertrophied, and right atrial dilation was usually present. The mean pressure gradient measured across the stenotic area was 130 ± 50 mm Hg. Concurrent abnormalities included a ventricular septal defect (n = 2); aortic malalignment, aortic insufficiency (n = 1); and congenital peritoneal-pericardial diaphragmatic hernia (n = 1). Two cats had systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve, one of which had concurrent left ventricular hypertrophy. Five cats have remained asymptomatic for a median period of 3.6 years (range, 3.3–5 years) and 3 cats have developed clinical signs associated with congestive heart failure (at 2, 3.3, and 9 years). One cat showed progressive lethargy and exercise intolerance and underwent partial ventriculectomy at the age of 2 years. This cat died during the operation with electromechanical dissociation. Conclusions: DCRV is a congenital cardiac abnormality that may be more common than previously recognized. References 1 Judson JP, Danielson GK, Ritter DG, et al. Successful repair of coexisting double-outlet right ventricle and two-chambered right ventricle. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1982; 84: 113– 121. 2 Alva C., Ortegon J., Herrera F., et al. Types of obstructions in double-chambered right ventricle: Mid-term results. Arch Med Res 2002; 33: 261– 264. 3 Cabrera A., Martinez P., Rumoroso JR, et al. Double- chambered right ventricle. Eur Heart J 1995; 16: 682– 686. 4 Martin JM, Orton EC, Boon JA, et al. Surgical correction of double-chambered right ventricle in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2002: 220: 770– 774, 768. 5 Willard MD, Eyster GE. Double-chambered right ventricle in two dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1981; 178: 486– 488. 6 Koie H., Kurotobi EN, Sakai T. Double-chambered right ventricle in a dog. J Vet Med Sci 2000; 62: 651– 653. 7 MacLean HN, Abbott JA, Pyle RL. Balloon dilation of double-chambered right ventricle in a cat. J Vet Intern Med 2002; 16: 478– 484. 8 Cil E., Saraclar M., Ozkutlu S., et al. Double-chambered right ventricle: Experience with 52 cases. Int J Cardiol 1995; 50: 19– 29. 9 Galiuto L., O'Leary PW, Seward JB. Double-chambered right ventricle: Echocardiographic features. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1996; 9: 300– 305. 10 Oliver JM, Garrido A., Gonzalez A., et al. Rapid progression of midventricular obstruction in adults with double-chambered right ventricle. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003; 126: 711– 717. Citing Literature Volume21, Issue1January 2007Pages 76-80 ReferencesRelatedInformation DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// DO - 10.1892/0891-6640(2007)21[76:DCRVIC]2.0.CO;2 VL - 21 IS - 1 SP - 76-80 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33847076258&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - congenital heart disease KW - echocardiography KW - feline ER - TY - JOUR TI - Calicivirus epidemic in captive exotic felids AU - Harrison, T.M. AU - Sikarskie, J. AU - Kruger, J. AU - Wise, A. AU - Mullaney, T.P. AU - Kiupel, M. AU - Maes, R. T2 - Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine AB - A 5-day-old, mother-raised, Amur tiger cub (Panthera tigris altaica) presented with tongue ulcerations. Identical lesions appeared and progressed to sloughing of the tongue in the three littermates of this cub the following day. The lesions progressed in all cubs to include sloughing of the carpal, tarsal, metacarpal, and metatarsal foot pad epithelium. Oral ulcerations were also noted in adult African lions (Panthera leo) and Amur tigers (Panthera tigris altaica), but not in two adult snow leopards (Panthera uncia) housed in the same building. All adult cats had been previously vaccinated for common feline diseases including feline calicivirus (FCV). Detection of FCV RNA in oral secretions by a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay (RRT-PCR) confirmed FCV infection in the tiger cubs and one lion. A male lion and a male tiger cub died during the disease outbreak. RRT-PCR confirmed FCV in multiple tissues in both of these animals. A stray cat live-trapped outside the feline building during the epidemic was found to be positive for FCV by virus isolation and was thought to be the source of infection. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// DO - 10.1638/1042-7260(2007)038[0292:SCEICE]2.0.CO;2 VL - 38 IS - 2 SP - 292–299 UR - https://doi.org/10.1638/1042-7260(2007)038[0292:SCEICE]2.0.CO;2 KW - African lion KW - Amur tiger KW - captive felid KW - feline calicivirus KW - systemic calicivirus ER - TY - JOUR TI - Treatment of malignant lymphoma in an African lion (Panthera Leo) AU - Harrison, T.M. AU - Sikarskie, J. AU - Kitchell, B. AU - Rosenstein, D.S. AU - Flaherty, H. AU - Fitzgerald, S.D. AU - Kiupel, M. T2 - Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// VL - 38 IS - 2 SP - 333–336 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors and the intestine AU - Little, D. AU - Jones, S.L. AU - Blikslager, A.T. T2 - Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine AB - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have long been used for the treatment of pain and inflammation because of their inhibitory effects on cyclooxygenase (COX). For almost as long as NSAIDs have been in use, multiple adverse effects have been noted. Assessment of many of these adverse effects have been complicated because of the discovery of multiple splice variants of the cox gene, and a greater array of COX inhibitors, especially the COX-2 selective inhibitors have become available. Some of these adverse effects cannot be readily explained by the effect of these drugs on COX. This has sparked a new field of investigation into the COX-independent effects of the COX inhibitors. The major noncyclooxygenase targets of the COX inhibitors of particular relevance to inflammation and the gastrointestinal tract are phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase Akt signaling, uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, PPARgamma, nuclear factor KB, mitogen activated protein kinases, and heat shock proteins. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// DO - 10.1892/0891-6640(2007)21[367:CCIATI]2.0.CO;2 VL - 21 IS - 3 SP - 367-377 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34249297006&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - heat shock protein KW - nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs KW - nuclear factor kappa B KW - p38 mitogen activated protein kinases KW - peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ER - TY - JOUR TI - Field anaesthesia of leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) AU - Harms, C. A. AU - Eckert, S. A. AU - Kubis, S. A. AU - Campbell, M. AU - Levenson, D. H. AU - Crognale, M. A. T2 - Veterinary Record AB - Ten nesting leatherback sea turtles on Trinidad were anaesthetised for electroretinogram ( erg ) measurements, using ketamine and medetomidine, reversed with atipamezole. They weighed 242 to 324 kg and were given initial doses of 3 to 8 mg/kg ketamine and 30 to 80 μg/kg medetomidine administered into an external jugular vein; six of the turtles received supplementary doses of 2·6 to 3·9 mg/kg ketamine combined with 0 to 39 μg/kg medetomidine. The lower doses were used initially to ensure against overdosage and reduce the chances of residual effects after the turtles returned to the water, but successful erg s called for step‐wise dose increases to the required level of anaesthesia. Respiratory rate, heart rate, electrocardiogram, cloacal temperature, and venous blood gases were monitored, and blood was collected for plasma biochemistry. At the end of the erg procedure, atipamezole was administered at 150 to 420 μg/kg (five times the dose of medetomidine), half intramuscularly and half intravascularly. The turtles were monitored and prevented from re‐entering the water until their behaviour was normal. No apparent mortalities or serious anaesthetic complications occurred. The observed within‐season return nesting rate of the anaesthetised turtles was comparable with that of unanaesthetised turtles. DA - 2007/7/7/ PY - 2007/7/7/ DO - 10.1136/vr.161.1.15 VL - 161 IS - 1 SP - 15-21 J2 - Veterinary Record LA - en OP - SN - 0042-4900 2042-7670 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.161.1.15 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Prevalence of obese dogs in a population of dogs with cancer AU - Weeth, Lisa P. AU - Fascetti, Andrea J. AU - Kass, Philip H. AU - Suter, Steven E. AU - Santos, Aniel M. AU - Delaney, Sean J. T2 - American Journal of Veterinary Research AB - To determine the body condition score (BCS) distribution for dogs examined at a teaching hospital and examine whether the BCS distribution for dogs with cancer differed significantly from the distribution for dogs without cancer.1,777 dogs with cancer and 12,893 dogs without cancer.A retrospective prevalence case-control study was conducted that used medical records from 1999 to 2004. Information was collected on BCS (9-point system), age, breed, sex, neuter status, diagnosis, and corticosteroid administration. Body condition score at the time of examination for cancer (dogs with cancer) or first chronologic visit (dogs without cancer) was recorded. Logistic regression was used to compare BCS prevalence distributions between groups.The overall prevalence of obese dogs (BCS >or= 7/9) was 14.8% (2,169/14,670), and the overall prevalence of overweight dogs (BCS >or= 6/9 to < 7/9) was 21.6% (3,174/14,670). There was a significant difference in the BCS distribution between dogs with and without cancer, with a slightly lower prevalence of being overweight and obese in dogs with cancer. The prevalence of obese and overweight dogs varied with specific cancer types when compared with the prevalence for dogs without cancer.Differences in obesity prevalence among cancer types is suggestive of an incongruous effect of this variable on cancer expression or a differential effect of specific cancer types on weight status. Systematic use of BCSs will help elucidate the association between obesity and cancer development. DA - 2007/4// PY - 2007/4// DO - 10.2460/ajvr.68.4.389 VL - 68 IS - 4 SP - 389-398 J2 - American Journal of Veterinary Research LA - en OP - SN - 0002-9645 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.68.4.389 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Toxoplasma Gondii in an African Crested Porcupine (Hystrix Cristata) AU - Harrison, Tara M. AU - Moorman, Jamee Black AU - Bolin, Steven R. AU - Grosjean, Nicole L. AU - Lim, Ailam AU - Fitzgerald, Scott D. T2 - Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation AB - An adult female crested porcupine (Hystrix cristata) was evaluated for acute onset of neurologic signs including head tilt, circling, and ataxia. She was found dead in her holding area 2 days after initially exhibiting clinical signs. Necropsy was unremarkable. Histopathology of brain tissue revealed the presence of protozoal cysts associated with inflammation as the underlying cause of clinical signs and death. Immunohistochemical staining of brain tissue for Toxoplasma gondii was strongly positive. PCR on fresh brain confirmed T. gondii as the causative organism. An adult male in the same enclosure has demonstrated similar neurologic signs over the past 3 years and has failed to respond to various medical treatments. Clinical disease associated with T. gondii has not been previously reported in this porcupine species or any other Old World porcupines, although there are several reports of clinical toxoplasmosis involving New World porcupine species. DA - 2007/3// PY - 2007/3// DO - 10.1177/104063870701900210 VL - 19 IS - 2 SP - 191-194 J2 - J VET Diagn Invest LA - en OP - SN - 1040-6387 1943-4936 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870701900210 DB - Crossref KW - crested porcupine KW - encephalitis KW - Hystrix cristata KW - protozoa KW - Toxoplasina gondii ER - TY - CHAP TI - Equine Influenza Infection AU - Landolt, Gabriele A. AU - Townsend, Hugh G.G. AU - Lunn, D. Paul T2 - Equine Infectious Diseases PY - 2007/// DO - 10.1016/b978-1-4160-2406-4.50017-x SP - 124-134 OP - PB - Elsevier SN - 9781416024064 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4160-2406-4.50017-x DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Screening of anti-human leukocyte monoclonal antibodies for reactivity with equine leukocytes AU - Ibrahim, Sherif AU - Saunders, Kelly AU - Kydd, Julia H. AU - Lunn, D. Paul AU - Steinbach, Falko T2 - Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology AB - Three hundred and seventy-nine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against various human CD molecules supplied to the HLDA8 animal homologues section (including four isotype controls) were analysed for cross-reactivity with equine leukocytes. First, flow cytometric identification of positively reacting mAbs was performed in one laboratory. Thereafter, a second round of flow cytometric evaluation was performed, involving three laboratories participating in the study. The first test-round indicated 17 mAbs as potentially positive. After the second round of flow cytometric analysis, 14 mAbs remained (directed against CD2, CD11a, CD18, CD44, CD45, CD49d, CD91, CD163 and CD172) where cross-reactivity was anticipated based on similarities between the human and equine staining pattern. Additionally, there was 1 mAb with weak likely positive reactivity, 12 mAbs with positive staining, which likely do not reflect valuable data, 5 mAbs with clear alternate expression pattern from that expected from humans, 5 mAbs with a questionable staining pattern itself, i.e. that was variable between the three labs, 32 mAbs with weak-positive expression and alternate staining pattern, and 279 negative mAbs (including the four isotype controls) were detected. In 31 cases, more appropriate target cells, such as thymocytes or stem cells, were not available for the screening. The results underline the value of this "cross-reactivity" approach for equine immunology. However, as only a few mAbs against leukocyte surface antigens reacted positively (approximately 4% of the mAbs submitted), the analysis of further anti-human mAbs and directed efforts to develop species-specific anti-CD mAb are still required. DA - 2007/9// PY - 2007/9// DO - 10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.06.034 VL - 119 IS - 1-2 SP - 63-80 J2 - Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology LA - en OP - SN - 0165-2427 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.06.034 DB - Crossref KW - horse KW - immunology KW - leukocyte differentiation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Further analysis of anti-human leukocyte mAbs with reactivity to equine leukocytes by two-colour flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry AU - Flaminio, M. Julia B.F. AU - Ibrahim, Sherif AU - Lunn, D. Paul AU - Stark, Robert AU - Steinbach, Falko T2 - Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology AB - We have reported on the reactivity of anti-human CD molecules with equine leukocytes by single-colour flow cytometry (this issue). The objectives of this additional study were to test for the reliability of the results obtained, and to obtain further information on the positive populations of lymphocytes. Two-colour flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry were performed, using many of the positive mAbs and a few questionable ones from the first part of the study. All mAbs analysed by two-colour flow cytometry could be confirmed to their previous designation as "positive" or "questionable". Most of the mAbs tested were effective in immunohistochemistry, supporting previous results. Examples of positive results will be presented and limitations of the study will be discussed briefly. DA - 2007/9// PY - 2007/9// DO - 10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.06.035 VL - 119 IS - 1-2 SP - 92-99 J2 - Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology LA - en OP - SN - 0165-2427 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.06.035 DB - Crossref KW - horse KW - immunology KW - leukocyte differentiation KW - flow cytometry KW - immunohistochemistry ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pharmacologically defined components of the normal porcine multifocal ERG AU - Ng, Yiu-fai AU - Chan, Henry H. L. AU - Chu, Patrick H. W. AU - Siu, Andrew W. AU - To, Chi-ho AU - Beale, Brady A. AU - Gilger, Brian C. AU - Wong, Fulton T2 - Documenta Ophthalmologica DA - 2007/8/25/ PY - 2007/8/25/ DO - 10.1007/s10633-007-9076-7 VL - 116 IS - 3 SP - 165-176 J2 - Doc Ophthalmol LA - en OP - SN - 0012-4486 1573-2622 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10633-007-9076-7 DB - Crossref KW - adaptation KW - multifocal electroretinography KW - nonlinearity KW - pig KW - retina ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Neurologic Examination and Neurodiagnostic Techniques for Reptiles AU - Mariani, Christopher L. T2 - Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice AB - This article will focus on specifics of performing the neurologic examination and neurodiagnostic testing in reptiles, and how these examinations differ from those performed in more conventional species. Physical examination and history are discussed, as well as invasive and noninvasive testing modalities. DA - 2007/9// PY - 2007/9// DO - 10.1016/j.cvex.2007.04.004 VL - 10 IS - 3 SP - 855-891 J2 - Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice LA - en OP - SN - 1094-9194 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvex.2007.04.004 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Teratoma in the Cervical Spinal Cord of a Dog AU - Wong, Michael A. AU - Mariani, Christopher L. AU - Powe, Joshua R. AU - Clemmons, Roger M. T2 - Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association AB - An 11-year-old, spayed female giant schnauzer was presented for evaluation of chronic, progressive tetraparesis. Diagnostic imaging was consistent with intervertebral disk protrusion, and surgical decompression and stabilization were performed. Postoperatively the dog did not improve, and further imaging suggested an intramedullary mass at the level of the sixth cervical vertebra. The dog was euthanized 7 days after surgery, and a teratoma was found postmortem. DA - 2007/9// PY - 2007/9// DO - 10.5326/0430292 VL - 43 IS - 5 SP - 292-297 J2 - Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association LA - en OP - SN - 0587-2871 1547-3317 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/0430292 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline in the American horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus AU - Nolan, M. W. AU - Smith, S. A. AU - Jones, D. T2 - Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics AB - The American horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus , is regularly cultured and maintained in research laboratories and public aquaria. Rising concerns over the health of these captive animals makes the diagnosis and treatment of pathological conditions in L. polyphemus essential. This study investigated the kinetics of oxytetracyline following either intravascular or oral dosing. Oxytetracylcine is a broad‐spectrum antibiotic used in the treatment of various bacterial diseases of aquatic animals. A noncompartmental model was developed to describe the pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline (OTC) in the horseshoe crab. The following parameters were determined for a single intravascular bolus of 25 mg/kg OTC: AUC = 9524.60 μ g·h/mL, MRT = 443.65 h, Cl b = 0.044 mL/min/kg, V d(ss) = 1.164 L/kg, t 1/2 = 128.3 h, C max = 55.90 μ g/mL, C ave = 27.39 μ g/mL. Following a single oral bolus of 25 mg/kg, these parameters were calculated: AUC = 5861.81 μ g·h/mL, MRT = 395.89 h, Cl b = 0.071 mL/min/kg, V d(ss) = 1.688 L/kg, t 1/2 = 210.0 h, C max = 7.83 μ g/mL, C ave = 2.89 μ g/mL, F = 61.56%. DA - 2007/10// PY - 2007/10// DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2007.00891.x VL - 30 IS - 5 SP - 451-455 J2 - J Vet Pharmacol Ther LA - en OP - SN - 0140-7783 1365-2885 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2885.2007.00891.x DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Amphibian Resources on the Internet AU - Nolan, M. W. AU - Smith, S. A. T2 - ILAR Journal AB - The use of amphibians in classrooms and research laboratories has increased, along with a corresponding increase in the amount of information about these animals on the Internet. This review is intended to aid both novices and experts in the search of such information. The bibliography of Internet resources is organized by discipline and includes general and selected species information, taxonomy, natural history, anatomy and histology, physiology, ontogeny, genetics, conservation, toxicology, medicine and surgery, sources (for animals, housing, and research tools), listservs, databases, associations, educational sources, and husbandry. For each web site, descriptive titles, web addresses, and a brief review are provided. Note that the authors of this review cannot assure the accuracy of content in these web resources. DA - 2007/1/1/ PY - 2007/1/1/ DO - 10.1093/ilar.48.3.290 VL - 48 IS - 3 SP - 290-296 J2 - ILAR Journal LA - en OP - SN - 1084-2020 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ilar.48.3.290 DB - Crossref KW - amphibian KW - animal model KW - Anura KW - Caudata KW - Gymnophiora KW - herpetology KW - Internet resources KW - veterinary medicine ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dermal exposure to nanomaterials. AU - Monteiro-Riviere, N. T2 - Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// VL - 48 IS - 7 SP - 533 UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000248865500032&KeyUID=WOS:000248865500032 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Biological properties of carbon nanotubes AU - Wei, W. AU - Sethuraman, A. AU - Jin, C. AU - Monteiro-Riviere, N. A. AU - Narayan, R. J. T2 - Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology AB - Carbon nanotubes are novel materials with unique physical and chemical properties, and have been considered for use in numerous technological applications. More recently, attention has turned to the unique biological and medical properties of these materials. In this review, the processing, chemical properties, physical properties, nucleic acid interaction, cell interaction, and toxicologic properties of nanotubes are described. Finally, future directions in this area are discussed. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// DO - 10.1166/jnn.2007.655 VL - 7 IS - 4-5 SP - 1284-1297 UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000245142200012&KeyUID=WOS:000245142200012 KW - carbon nanotube KW - biocompatibility KW - deoxyribonucleic acid KW - tissue engineering KW - toxicity ER - TY - JOUR TI - Functionally specialized junctions between endothelial cells of lymphatic vessels AU - Baluk, P. AU - Fuxe, J. AU - Hashizume, H. AU - Romano, T. AU - Lashnits, E. AU - Butz, S. AU - Vestweber, D. AU - Corada, M. AU - Molendini, C. AU - Dejana, E. AU - McDonald, D.M. T2 - Journal of Experimental Medicine AB - Recirculation of fluid and cells through lymphatic vessels plays a key role in normal tissue homeostasis, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. Despite recent advances in understanding lymphatic function (Alitalo, K., T. Tammela, and T.V. Petrova. 2005. Nature. 438:946-953), the cellular features responsible for entry of fluid and cells into lymphatics are incompletely understood. We report the presence of novel junctions between endothelial cells of initial lymphatics at likely sites of fluid entry. Overlapping flaps at borders of oak leaf-shaped endothelial cells of initial lymphatics lacked junctions at the tip but were anchored on the sides by discontinuous button-like junctions (buttons) that differed from conventional, continuous, zipper-like junctions (zippers) in collecting lymphatics and blood vessels. However, both buttons and zippers were composed of vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) and tight junction-associated proteins, including occludin, claudin-5, zonula occludens-1, junctional adhesion molecule-A, and endothelial cell-selective adhesion molecule. In C57BL/6 mice, VE-cadherin was required for maintenance of junctional integrity, but platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 was not. Growing tips of lymphatic sprouts had zippers, not buttons, suggesting that buttons are specialized junctions rather than immature ones. Our findings suggest that fluid enters throughout initial lymphatics via openings between buttons, which open and close without disrupting junctional integrity, but most leukocytes enter the proximal half of initial lymphatics. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// DO - 10.1084/jem.20062596 VL - 204 IS - 10 SP - 2349-2362 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34948814992&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CHAP TI - Rehabilitation and palliative analgesia AU - Dunning, D. AU - Lascelles, B.D.X. T2 - Lumb & Jones Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia A2 - Tranquilli, W.J. A2 - Jc, Thurmon A2 - Grimm, K.A. PY - 2007/// ET - 4th SP - 697–704 PB - Blackwell Publishing ER - TY - CHAP TI - Anesthesia and analgesia for selected patients and procedures: Caner Patients AU - Lascelles, B.D.X. AU - Gaynor, J.S. T2 - Lumb & Jones Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia A2 - W.J., Tranquilli A2 - Jc, Thurmon A2 - Ka, Grimm PY - 2007/// ET - 4th SP - 997–1008 PB - Blackwell Publishing ER - TY - JOUR TI - Supportive care for the cancer patient AU - Lascelles, BD DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of morphine in dogs. AU - KuKanich, B AU - Lascelles, BDX AU - Riviere, JE AU - Papich, MG T2 - WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148 … C2 - 2007/// C3 - JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE DA - 2007/// VL - 21 SP - 617-617 M1 - 3 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Equine podiatry AU - Andrea E. Floyd, Richard A. Mansmann. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// PB - St Louis, Mo: Saunders Elsevier,|cc2007 ER - TY - CONF TI - Ventriculotomy and post-surgical management of ventricular diverticula in captive parakeet auklets (Aethia psittacula) AU - Wolf, K. AU - De Voe, R. AU - Degernes, L. AU - MacLean, R. AU - Zombeck, D. AU - Reininger, K. C2 - 2007/// C3 - Proceedings of the Joint Conference of AAZV, AAWV, AZA/NAG DA - 2007/// SP - 170 ER - TY - CONF TI - Ventricular pathology in a zoological collection of parakeet auklets AU - Degernes, L. AU - De Voe, R. AU - Wolf, K. AU - Zombeck, D. AU - MacLean, R. C2 - 2007/// C3 - Proceedings Annual Conference of the Association of Avian Veterinarians DA - 2007/// SP - 69-71 ER - TY - CONF TI - Ventricular dysplasia in captive parakeet auklets (Aethia psittacula) AU - Degernes, L. AU - De Voe, R. AU - Zombeck, D. AU - Wolf, K. AU - MacLean, R. C2 - 2007/// C3 - Proceedings 9th European Association of Avian Veterinarians Conference DA - 2007/// VL - 9 SP - 322-326 ER - TY - CONF TI - Ventricular diverticula formation in captive parakeet auklets (Aethia psittacula) secondary to foreign body ingestion. AU - Wolf, K. AU - Degernes, L. AU - Troan, B. AU - Zombeck, D. AU - Reininger, K. AU - De Voe, R. C2 - 2007/// C3 - Fourth Crissey Zoological Nutrition Symposium DA - 2007/// VL - 4 SP - 49 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Prevalence and features of canine epistaxis: 176 cases (1996-2001) AU - Bissett, S. A. AU - Drobatz, K. J. AU - McKnight, A. AU - Degernes, L. A. T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// VL - 12 SP - 638 ER - TY - CONF TI - Degenerative joint disease in captive waterfowl AU - Degernes, L. AU - Lynch, S. AU - Shivaprasad, H. L. C2 - 2007/// C3 - Proceedings Annual Conference of the Association of Avian Veterinarians DA - 2007/// SP - 99-100 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Quantitating the absorption, partitioning and toxicity of hydrocarbon components of JP-8 jet fuel AU - Riviere, J. E. AU - Monteiro-Riviere, N. A. AU - Baynes, R. E. AU - Xia, X. R. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// M1 - FA9550-04-1-0376 M3 - Center for Chemical Toxicology Research and Pharmacokinetics Grant SN - FA9550-04-1-0376 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Effect of carbon nanotube exposure on keratinocyte protein expression AU - Witzmann, F.A. AU - Monteiro-Riviere, N.A. T2 - Nanotoxicology: Characterization, Dosing and Health Effects A2 - Monteiro-Riviere, N. A. A2 - Tran, C. L. PY - 2007/// SP - 197-224 PB - New York: Informa Healthcare SN - 9781420045147 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84882791035&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CONF TI - Principles of anesthesia, analgesia, and surgery for pet fish AU - Lewbart, G. A. C2 - 2007/// C3 - SAVMA Symposium ... Proceedings DA - 2007/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Koi surgery today AU - Lewbart, G. A. T2 - Koi World and Water Gardens DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// SP - 32-39 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Invertebrates AU - Gunkel, C. AU - Lewbart, Gregory T2 - Zoo animal & wildlife immobilization and anesthesia A2 - G. West, D. Heard A2 - Caulkett, N. AB - Chapter 13 Invertebrates Cornelia Gunkel, Cornelia GunkelSearch for more papers by this authorGregory A. Lewbart, Gregory A. LewbartSearch for more papers by this author Cornelia Gunkel, Cornelia GunkelSearch for more papers by this authorGregory A. Lewbart, Gregory A. LewbartSearch for more papers by this author Gary West DVM, Dipl ACZM, Gary West DVM, Dipl ACZM Oklahoma City Zoo and Botanical Garden, Oklahoma State University's College of Veterinary MedicineSearch for more papers by this authorDarryl Heard BSc, BVMS, PhD, Dipl ACZM, Darryl Heard BSc, BVMS, PhD, Dipl ACZM University of Florida, College of Veterinary MedicineSearch for more papers by this authorNigel Caulkett DVM, MVetSc, Dipl ACVA, Nigel Caulkett DVM, MVetSc, Dipl ACVA University of Calgary, College of Veterinary MedicineSearch for more papers by this author Book Author(s):Gary West DVM, Dipl ACZM, Gary West DVM, Dipl ACZM Oklahoma City Zoo and Botanical Garden, Oklahoma State University's College of Veterinary MedicineSearch for more papers by this authorDarryl Heard BSc, BVMS, PhD, Dipl ACZM, Darryl Heard BSc, BVMS, PhD, Dipl ACZM University of Florida, College of Veterinary MedicineSearch for more papers by this authorNigel Caulkett DVM, MVetSc, Dipl ACVA, Nigel Caulkett DVM, MVetSc, Dipl ACVA University of Calgary, College of Veterinary MedicineSearch for more papers by this author First published: 12 October 2007 https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470376478.ch13Citations: 9 AboutPDFPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShareShare a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Summary This chapter contains section titled: Introduction Taxonomic Groups Pain Management Euthanasia References Citing Literature Zoo Animal and Wildlife Immobilization and Anesthesia RelatedInformation PY - 2007/// DO - 10.1002/9780470376478.ch13 SP - 147–158 PB - Ames, IA: Blackwell Publishing SN - 9780813825663 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A peptide against the N-terminus of MARCKS protein attenuates leukocyte migration. AU - Green, T. D. AU - Eckert, B. S. AU - Sharief, Y. AU - Crews, A. L. AU - Adler, K. B. AU - Jones, S. L. T2 - 404nOtfound DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// VL - 175 SP - A915 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nonsecretory multiple myeloma in a horse AU - Morton, A. J. AU - Davis, J. L. AU - Redding, W. R. AU - Jones, S. L. T2 - EQUINE VETERINARY EDUCATION AB - Equine Veterinary EducationVolume 19, Issue 11 p. 564-568 Nonsecretory multiple myeloma in a horse A. J. Morton, Corresponding Author A. J. Morton University of Florida Veterinary Medical Center, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Box 100136 Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA*University of Florida Veterinary Medical Center, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Box 100136 Gainesville, Florida 32610, USASearch for more papers by this authorJ. L. Davi, J. L. Davi North Carolina State University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USASearch for more papers by this authorW. R. Redding, W. R. Redding North Carolina State University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USASearch for more papers by this authorS. L. Jones, S. L. Jones North Carolina State University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USASearch for more papers by this author A. J. Morton, Corresponding Author A. J. Morton University of Florida Veterinary Medical Center, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Box 100136 Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA*University of Florida Veterinary Medical Center, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Box 100136 Gainesville, Florida 32610, USASearch for more papers by this authorJ. L. Davi, J. L. Davi North Carolina State University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USASearch for more papers by this authorW. R. Redding, W. R. Redding North Carolina State University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USASearch for more papers by this authorS. L. Jones, S. L. Jones North Carolina State University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 05 January 2010 https://doi.org/10.2746/095777307X217852Citations: 5AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Citing Literature Volume19, Issue11December 2007Pages 564-568 RelatedInformation DA - 2007/12// PY - 2007/12// DO - 10.2746/095777307X217852 VL - 19 IS - 11 SP - 564-568 SN - 0957-7734 KW - horse KW - myeloma KW - nuclear scintigraphy KW - lameness KW - neoplasia ER - TY - JOUR TI - Phagocytic plasmacytoma in a dog AU - Yearley, Jennifer H. AU - Stanton, Christine AU - Olivry, Thierry AU - Dean, Gregg A. T2 - VETERINARY CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AB - A 4-year-old neutered male Golden Retriever was presented to the oncology service of the North Carolina State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital for staging of a histiocytic sarcoma of the left forelimb, diagnosed on the basis of biopsies submitted by the referring veterinarian. Cytologic assessment of aspirates of 2 splenic nodules identified on ultrasonographic examination of the abdomen revealed a highly phagocytic population of neoplastic round cells morphologically suggestive of plasma cells. Histologic assessment of the forelimb mass after amputation of the limb revealed a neoplastic round cell population demonstrating extensive cytophagia and erythrophagia. Immunohistochemical analysis of the tumor population revealed it to be negative for BLA.36 with sporadic positivity for lysozyme and CD79a. Immunofluorescent evaluation revealed weak tumor cell positivity for immunoglobulin (Ig) A and IgM, but extensive strong positivity for IgG, confirming the plasma cell origin of the tumor. Although extensive phagocytic activity may strongly suggest histiocytic origin, plasma cell origin must also be considered among the differential diagnoses for phagocytic round cell tumors. DA - 2007/9// PY - 2007/9// DO - 10.1111/j.1939-165X.2007.tb00228.x VL - 36 IS - 3 SP - 293-296 SN - 0275-6382 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-36048964872&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - dog KW - histiocytic sarcoma KW - IgG KW - myeloma KW - phagocytosis KW - plasmacytoma ER - TY - JOUR TI - CD34(+), CD41(+) acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in a dog AU - Suter, Steven E. AU - Vernau, William AU - Fry, Michael M. AU - London, Cheryl A. T2 - VETERINARY CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AB - Abstract A clinically normal, 5‐year‐old intact female German Shepherd dog was presented to the local veterinarian to be spayed. Results of a preoperative CBC included mild nonregenerative anemia, severe thrombocytopenia, and 17% unclassified cells. On cytologic examination of aspirates from the dog's enlarged spleen and peripheral lymph nodes, a population of primitive round cells that occasionally resembled megakaryocytes was observed. A bone marrow aspirate specimen was markedly hypercellular with approximately 65% of marrow cells comprising a homogeneous population of immature hematopoietic cells similar to those found in the spleen, lymph nodes, and peripheral blood. Using immunocytochemical stains with canine‐specific antibodies, all neoplastic cells strongly expressed cytoplasmic CD41 and 20–70% of the neoplastic cells expressed CD34 weakly to moderately. Rare (<0.5%) neoplastic cells weakly expressed vWF. The cells were negative for all other markers. Based on these results and the morphology of the neoplastic cells, a diagnosis of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMegL) was made. In spite of treatment, results of a CBC performed 1 week later indicated progressive anemia and thrombocytopenia, and the dog was euthanized. To our knowledge, this report documents the first case of canine AMegL diagnosed with both anti‐canine CD34 and CD41 antibodies. DA - 2007/9// PY - 2007/9// DO - 10.1111/j.1939-165X.2007.tb00227.x VL - 36 IS - 3 SP - 288-292 SN - 0275-6382 KW - acute megakaryoblastic leukemia KW - AML-M7 KW - CD34 KW - CD41 KW - dog ER - TY - JOUR TI - Beta-2-microglobulin levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of normal dogs and dogs with neurological disease AU - Munana, Karen R. AU - Saito, Miyoko AU - Hoshi, Fumio T2 - VETERINARY CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AB - Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is the basis for establishing a diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) inflammation. However, the information provided by routine CSF analysis is limited. Determination of CSF beta‐2‐microglobulin (β 2 m) concentration has been used diagnostically in humans to identify inflammatory CNS disease; we hypothesized that it may have similar value in dogs. Objectives: The objective of this study was to measure β 2 m concentration in the CSF of clinically healthy dogs and compare the values to those observed in dogs with inflammatory CNS disease and intervertebral disc disease (IVDD). Methods: CSF was collected from 10 clinically healthy laboratory dogs and 11 dogs each with inflammatory CNS disease and IVDD. Routine CSF analysis was performed, and β 2 m concentration was measured by ELISA. CSF β 2 m concentration and CSF:serum β 2 m ratio were compared between groups by ANOVA. Linear relationships between CSF total nucleated cell count (TNCC), RBC count, total protein concentration, and β 2 m concentration were assessed by regression analysis. Results: The mean (± SD) CSF β 2 m concentration in clinically healthy dogs was 0.36 ± 0.05 μg/mL (cisternal) and 0.40 ± 0.07 μg/mL (lumbar). Median CSF β 2 m concentration in dogs with IVDD (0.46 μg/mL) and inflammatory CNS disease (0.85 μg/mL) differed from that of controls (0.36 μg/mL; P = .002). The concentration also differed between the 2 disease groups ( P = .01). Five dogs with inflammatory CNS disease had CSF:serum β 2 m ratios >1. A correlation was identified between TNCC and β 2 m concentration ( r = 0.69, P = .0003). Conclusions: CSF β 2 m concentration is higher in dogs with IVDD and inflammatory CNS disease, with highest values seen with inflammatory disease. This may be attributed in part to the correlation between CSF β 2 m concentration and TNCC, but also may reflect intrathecal immune activation. DA - 2007/6// PY - 2007/6// DO - 10.1111/j.1939-165X.2007.tb00204.x VL - 36 IS - 2 SP - 173-178 SN - 0275-6382 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34250377355&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - beta-2-microglobulin KW - cerebrospinal fluid KW - dog KW - ELISA KW - inflammatory CNS disease ER - TY - JOUR TI - Baylisascaris procyonis infection in a Moluccan cockatoo (Cacatua moluccensis) AU - Wolf, Karen N. AU - Lock, Brad AU - Carpenter, James W. AU - Garner, Michael M. T2 - JOURNAL OF AVIAN MEDICINE AND SURGERY AB - An adult female Moluccan cockatoo (Cacatua moluccensis) was evaluated for a 10-day history of progressive ataxia and weakness. The bird had been exposed intermittently over a 3-day period to a cage that had previously housed juvenile raccoons. Results of diagnostic tests were inconclusive and, despite supportive care, the bird died 7 days after the initial presentation. Histopathologic examination revealed a single nematode larva in the midbrain that was consistent with Baylisascaris species and multifocal granulomas in the left ventricle of the heart. The neurologic disease in this bird was attributed to encephalitis caused by neural larval migration of the raccoon roundworm, Baylisascaris procyonis. DA - 2007/9// PY - 2007/9// DO - 10.1647/1082-6742(2007)21[220:BPIIAM]2.0.CO;2 VL - 21 IS - 3 SP - 220-225 SN - 1082-6742 KW - encephalitis KW - neural larval migrans KW - avian KW - roundworm KW - Baylisascaris procyonis KW - Moluccan cockatoo KW - Cacatua moluccensis ER - TY - JOUR TI - The canine shoulder: Selected disorders and their management with physical therapy AU - Marcellin-Little, Denis J. AU - Levine, David AU - Canapp, Sherman O., Jr. T2 - CLINICAL TECHNIQUES IN SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE AB - The shoulder joint is the most mobile of all main limb joints. While its primary motion is in a sagittal plane, the shoulder has a significant amount of abduction and adduction, and internal and external rotation. Its stability is ensured by the joint capsule, by its specialized bands (medial and lateral glenohumeral ligaments), and by large tendons located inside (eg, tendon of origin of the biceps brachii muscle) or immediately outside the joint (eg, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis). Sprains or strains of all supporting structures of the canine shoulder have now been reported and the shoulder pathology resembles the pathology of the human shoulder that includes strains and tears of the rotator cuff muscles, adhesive capsulitis, and calcific tendonitis. DA - 2007/11// PY - 2007/11// DO - 10.1053/j.ctsap.2007.09.006 VL - 22 IS - 4 SP - 171-182 SN - 1096-2867 KW - dog KW - shoulder KW - physical medicine KW - rehabilitation KW - physical therapy ER - TY - JOUR TI - Prevalence, clinical features, and causes of epistaxis in dogs: 176 cases (1996-2001) AU - Bissett, Sally A. AU - Drobatz, Kenneth J. AU - McKnight, Alexia AU - Degernes, Laurel A. T2 - JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION AB - To determine prevalence, clinical features, and causes of epistaxis in dogs.Retrospective case series.176 dogs with epistaxis.Medical records were reviewed for information related to signalment, clinical features, diagnosis, and outcome.132 (75%) dogs were initially examined by the hospital's emergency service; prevalence of epistaxis was 0.3%. Dogs with epistaxis were more likely to be old (> or = 6 years), male, and large (> or = 26 kg [58.5 lb]) than were dogs in a reference population. In 109 (62%) dogs with epistaxis, an underlying cause was identified; 115 underlying disorders were identified, with 90 classified as local and 25 classified as systemic. Local causes of epistaxis included nasal neoplasia (n = 35), trauma (33), idiopathic rhinitis (20), and periapical abscess (2). Systemic causes included thrombocytopenia (12), thrombocytopathia (7), coagulopathy (3), hypertension (2), and vasculitis (1). Dogs with local causes were more likely to have unilateral than bilateral epistaxis, but 11 of 21 (52%) dogs with systemic disorders also had unilateral epistaxis. Dogs with systemic disorders were more likely to have clinical signs of systemic disease. Duration of epistaxis (acute vs chronic), severity, and duration of hospitalization were similar for dogs with local versus systemic disorders.Results suggested that epistaxis was a common disorder in dogs and frequently regarded as an emergency. Local causes of epistaxis were predominant, but clinical features traditionally thought to be helpful in distinguishing local versus systemic causes could not be reliably used for this purpose. DA - 2007/12/15/ PY - 2007/12/15/ DO - 10.2460/javma.231.12.1843 VL - 231 IS - 12 SP - 1843-1850 SN - 0003-1488 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Piscinoodinium, a fish-ectoparasitic dinoflagellate, is a member of the class Dinophyceae, subclass Gymnodiniphycidae: Convergent evolution with Amyloodinium AU - Levy, Michael G. AU - Litaker, R. Wayne AU - Goldstein, Robert J. AU - Dykstra, Michael J. AU - Vandersea, Mark W. AU - Noga, Edward J. T2 - JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AB - All dinoflagellates that infest the skin and gills of fish have traditionally been placed within the class Blastodiniphyceae. Their relatedness was primarily based upon a similar mode of attachment to the host, i.e., attachment disc with holdfasts. Results of recent molecular genetic analyses have transferred these parasites, including Amyloodinium, to the class Dinophyceae, subclass Peridiniphycidae. In our study, a small subunit rDNA gene from a parasitic dinoflagellate that has features diagnostic for species in the genus Piscinoodinium, i.e., typical trophont with attachment disc having rhizocysts, infesting the skin of freshwater tropical fish, places this organism within the dinophycean subclass Gymnodiniphycidae. This suggests a close relationship of Piscinoodinium spp. to dinoflagellates that include symbionts, e.g., species of Symbiodinium, and free-living algae, e.g., Gymnodinium spp. These molecular and morphological data suggest that evolution of this mode of fish ectoparasitism occurred independently in 2 distantly related groups of dinoflagellates, and they further suggest that the taxonomic status of parasites grouped as members of Piscinoodinium requires major revision. DA - 2007/10// PY - 2007/10// DO - 10.1645/GE-3585.1 VL - 93 IS - 5 SP - 1006-1015 SN - 1937-2345 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Naturally transmitted herpesvirus papio-2 infection in a black and white colobus monkey AU - Troan, Brigid V. AU - Perelygina, Ludmila AU - Patrusheva, Irina AU - Van Wettere, Arnaud J. AU - Hilliard, Julia K. AU - Loomis, Michael R. AU - De Voe, Ryan S. T2 - JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION AB - Abstract Case Description —A 6.5-year-old female eastern black and white colobus monkey ( Colobus guereza ) was evaluated after acute onset of ataxia and inappetence. Clinical Findings —The monkey was ataxic and lethargic, but no other abnormalities were detected via physical examination, radiography, or clinicopathologic analyses. During the next 2 days, the monkey's clinical condition deteriorated, and its WBC count decreased dramatically. Cytologic examination of a CSF sample revealed marked lymphohistiocytic inflammation. Treatment and Outcome —Despite supportive care, the monkey became apneic; after 20 hours of mechanical ventilation, fatal cardiac arrest occurred. At necropsy, numerous petechiae were detected within the white matter tracts of the brain; microscopic lesions of multifocal necrosis and hemorrhage with intranuclear inclusions identified in the brain and adrenal glands were consistent with an acute herpesvirus infection. A specific diagnosis of herpesvirus papio-2 (HVP-2) infection was made on the basis of results of serologic testing; PCR assay of tissue specimens; live virus isolation from the lungs; and immunohistochemical identification of the virus within brain, spinal cord, and adrenal gland lesions. Via phylogenetic tree analysis, the colobus HVP-2 isolate was grouped with neuroinvasive strains of the virus. The virus was most likely transmitted to the colobus monkey through toys shared with a nearby colony of baboons (the natural host of HVP-2). Clinical Relevance —To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of natural transmission of HVP-2 to a nonhost species. Infection with HVP-2 should be a differential diagnosis for acute encephalopathy in primate monkeys and humans, particularly following exposure to baboons. DA - 2007/12/15/ PY - 2007/12/15/ DO - 10.2460/javma.231.12.1878 VL - 231 IS - 12 SP - 1878-1883 SN - 1943-569X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Multitiered health assessment of Atlantic menhaden in the Pamlico River, North Carolina AU - Johnson, A. K. AU - Law, J. M. AU - Harms, C. A. AU - Levine, J. F. T2 - JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH AB - During the fall of 2001 and 2002, Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus were collected from several creeks in the Pamlico River, North Carolina, to investigate recent fish kills and ulcerative skin lesions. High skin lesion prevalence (>50%) was associated with the Atlantic menhaden kills in fall 2001, whereas there were no fish kills in fall 2002 and skin lesion prevalence was lower (< or =50%). Indicators of tissue damage (histopathological analyses of gills, heart, liver, intestine, and anterior kidney), body condition (liver somatic index), and immune status (transforming growth factor-beta [TGF-beta] messenger RNA [mRNA] production, hematology, plasma chemistry, and splenosomatic index) were compared between Atlantic menhaden with and without ulcerative skin lesions in fall. Atlantic menhaden with ulcerative skin lesions had significantly higher liver somatic indices, neutrophil and monocyte percentages, and splenic mononuclear cell TGF-beta mRNA levels than did fish without lesions. Hematocrit values, plasma protein, and Ca concentrations were significantly lower in fish with ulcerative skin lesions than in those without. The indicators used in this study at multiple levels of biological organization have provided valuable baseline data for understanding the health status of lesioned and nonlesioned Atlantic menhaden in the Pamlico River. DA - 2007/12// PY - 2007/12// DO - 10.1577/H06-018.1 VL - 19 IS - 4 SP - 205-214 SN - 0899-7659 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Meeting report: Hazard assessment for nanoparticles - Report from an interdisciplinary workshop AU - Balbus, John M. AU - Maynard, Andrew D. AU - Colvin, Vicki L. AU - Castranova, Vincent AU - Daston, George P. AU - Denison, Richard A. AU - Dreher, Kevin L. AU - Goering, Peter L. AU - Goldberg, Alan M. AU - Kulinowski, Kristen M. AU - Monteiro-Riviere, Nancy A. AU - Oberdoerster, Guenter AU - Omenn, Gilbert S. AU - Pinkerton, Kent E. AU - Ramos, Kenneth S. AU - Rest, Kathleen M. AU - Sass, Jennifer B. AU - Silbergeld, Ellen K. AU - Wong, Brian A. T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES DA - 2007/11// PY - 2007/11// DO - 10.1289/chp.10327 VL - 115 IS - 11 SP - 1654-1659 SN - 1552-9924 UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000250769700034&KeyUID=WOS:000250769700034 KW - nanomaterials KW - nanoparticle KW - nanotechnology KW - nanotoxicology KW - particle toxicology ER - TY - JOUR TI - Introduction and evaluation of virtual microscopy in teaching veterinary cytopathology AU - Neel, Jennifer A. AU - Grindem, Carol B. AU - Bristol, David G. T2 - JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION AB - Virtual microscopy (VM) uses a computer to view digitized slides and is comparable to using a microscope to view glass slides. This technology has been assessed in human medical education for teaching histology and histopathology, but, to the authors' knowledge, no one has evaluated its use in teaching cytopathology in veterinary medical education. We hypothesize that students will respond positively to the use of VM for viewing cytopathology preparations and that the technology can be successfully used for student assessment. To test this hypothesis, we surveyed students regarding their level of satisfaction with features of the VM system, their preference for use of VM in the curriculum, and the potential influence virtual slides may have on student study habits; student performance on a traditional cytopathology practical examination and a similar exam using VM was evaluated. Our results show that student perception of the VM system is generally very positive, with some concerns about resolution and the need for continued exposure to traditional microscopy. Within the curriculum, students indicated a preference for the option of using virtual slides for studying and take-home exercises. Overwhelmingly, students wanted either hybrid laboratory sessions or sessions using glass slides with virtual slides available for study and review. Students identified many VM test-taking features as advantageous compared with traditional glass-slide practical exams as traditionally administered. However, students indicated a strong preference for continued use of traditional microscopy for graded practical exams. Students may be more likely to study slides in preparation for practical examinations if virtual slides are available. Results also indicate that VM can be used successfully for assessment purposes, but students should receive training in using virtual slides if the technology will be used for assessment. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// DO - 10.3138/jvme.34.4.437 VL - 34 IS - 4 SP - 437-444 SN - 0748-321X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Efficacy of tinidazole for treatment of cats experimentally infected with Tritrichomonas foetus AU - Gookin, Jody L. AU - Stauffer, Stephen H. AU - Coccaro, Maria R. AU - Poore, Matthew F. AU - Levy, Michael G. AU - Papich, Mark G. T2 - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH AB - To determine the efficacy of tinidazole for treatment of cats with experimentally induced Tritrichomonas foetus infection.8 specific-pathogen-free kittens.Tinidazole was tested for activity against a feline isolate of T foetus in vitro. Kittens were infected orogastrically with the same isolate and treated or not with tinidazole (30 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h for 14 days). Amoxicillin was administered 28 weeks after completion of tinidazole administration to induce diarrhea. Feces were repeatedly tested for T foetus by use of PCR assay and microbial culture for 33 weeks.Tinidazole killed T foetus at concentrations >or= 10 microg/mL in vitro. In experimentally induced infection, tinidazole administered at 30 mg/kg decreased T foetus below the limit of molecular detection in 2 of 4 cats. Recrudescent shedding of T foetus, as elicited by amoxicillin-induced diarrhea, was diminished in cats that received prior treatment with tinidazole.Although tinidazole decreased the detection of T foetus and treated cats were resistant to later efforts to incite the infection, inability of tinidazole to eradicate infection in many cats poses a serious impediment to the drug's effectiveness in practice. DA - 2007/10// PY - 2007/10// DO - 10.2460/ajvr.68.10.1085 VL - 68 IS - 10 SP - 1085-1088 SN - 1943-5681 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Severe Anemia, Panserositis, and Cryptogenic Hepatitis in an HIV Patient Infected withBartonella henselae AU - Velho, Paulo Eduardo Neves Ferreira AU - Pimentel, Vanessa AU - Negro, Gilda Maria Barbaro Del AU - Okay, Thelma Suely AU - Diniz, Pedro Paulo Vissotto de Paiva AU - Breitschwerdt, Edward Bealmear T2 - Ultrastructural Pathology AB - Bartonella spp. constitute emerging pathogens of worldwide distribution. Bacillary angiomatosis is the most frequent skin manifestation of bartonelloses; nevertheless, B. henselae infection should always be considered systemic, especially in immunodeficient individuals. The authors report the case of an AIDS patient with bacillary angiomatosis, who had concurrent severe anemia, hepatitis, peritonitis, pleuritis, and pericarditis. Clinical manifestation, electronic microscopic examination of erythrocytes, and histopathology of a papule biopsy suggested a Bartonella sp. infection. Multiple genes were target by PCR and B. henselae DNA was amplified and sequenced (GenBank accession number EF196804) from the angiomatous papule. Treatment with clarithromycin resulted in resolution of the bacillary angiomatosis, fever, anemia, panserosites, and hepatitis. DA - 2007/1// PY - 2007/1// DO - 10.1080/01913120701696601 VL - 31 IS - 6 SP - 373-377 J2 - Ultrastructural Pathology LA - en OP - SN - 0191-3123 1521-0758 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01913120701696601 DB - Crossref KW - anemia KW - Bartonella henselae KW - hepatitis KW - liver transplantation KW - serositis ER - TY - JOUR TI - Review of hypocalcemia in septic patients AU - Holowaychuk, M. K. AU - Martin, L. G. T2 - Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001) DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// VL - 17 IS - 4 SP - 348-358 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Results of the veterinary enalapril trial to prove reduction in onset of heart failure in dogs chronically treated with enalapril alone for compensated, naturally occurring mitral valve insufficiency AU - Atkins, Clarke E. AU - Keene, Bruce W. AU - Brown, William A. AU - Coats, Julie R. AU - Crawford, Mary Ann AU - DeFrancesco, Teresa C. AU - Edwards, N. Joel AU - Fox, Phillip R. AU - Lehmkuhl, Linda B. AU - Luethy, Michael W. AU - Meurs, Kathryn M. AU - Petrie, Jean-Paul AU - Pipers, Frank S. AU - Rosenthal, Steven L. AU - Sidley, Jennifer A. AU - Straus, Justin H. T2 - JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION AB - To determine the efficacy of long-term enalapril administration in delaying the onset of congestive heart failure (CHF).Placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter, randomized trial.124 dogs with compensated mitral valve regurgitation (MR).Dogs randomly assigned to receive enalapril or placebo were monitored for the primary endpoint of onset of CHF for < or = 58 months. Secondary endpoints included time from study entry to the combined endpoint of CHF-all-cause death; number of dogs free of CHF at 500, 1,000, and 1,500 days; and mean number of CHF-free days.Kaplan-Meier estimates of the effect of enalapril on the primary endpoint did not reveal a significant treatment benefit. Chronic enalapril administration did have a significant benefit on the combined endpoint of CHF-all-cause death (benefit was 317 days [10.6 months]). Dogs receiving enalapril remained free of CHF for a significantly longer time than those receiving placebo and were significantly more likely to be free of CHF at day 500 and at study end.Chronic enalapril treatment of dogs with naturally occurring, moderate to severe MR significantly delayed onset of CHF, compared with placebo, on the basis of number of CHF-free days, number of dogs free of CHF at days 500 and study end, and increased time to a combined secondary endpoint of CHF-all-cause death. Improvement in the primary endpoint, CHF-free survival, was not significant. Results suggest that enalapril modestly delays the onset of CHF in dogs with moderate to severe MR. DA - 2007/10/1/ PY - 2007/10/1/ DO - 10.2460/javma.231.7.1061 VL - 231 IS - 7 SP - 1061-1069 SN - 0003-1488 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Regulation of VASP serine 157 phosphorylation in human neutrophils after stimulation by a chemoattractant AU - Eckert, Rachael E. AU - Jones, Samuel L. T2 - JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY AB - Abstract Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) is a cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) substrate, which links cellular signaling to cytoskeletal organization and cellular movement. VASP is phosphorylated by PKA on serine 157 (Ser 157), which is required for VASP function in platelet adhesion and fibroblast motility. Our hypothesis is that PKA regulates neutrophil migration through VASP Ser 157 phosphorylation. The objective of this study was to characterize VASP Ser 157 phosphorylation in chemoattractant-stimulated neutrophils. fMLF, IL-8, leukotriene B4, or platelet-activating factor stimulation resulted in an initial increase in VASP Ser 157 phosphorylation, which was maximal by 30 s and was followed by a return to baseline Ser 157 phosphorylation by 10 min. In contrast, stimulation with the nonchemoattractant, proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α did not affect Ser 157 phosphorylation. The kinetics of fMLF-induced VASP Ser 157 phosphorylation levels closely matched the kinetics of the fold-change in F-actin levels in fMLF-stimulated neutrophils. fMLF-induced Ser 157 phosphorylation was abolished by pretreatment with the PKA inhibitor H89 and the adenylyl cyclase inhibitor SQ22536. In contrast, fMLF-induced Ser 157 phosphorylation was unaffected by the PKC inhibitors calphostin and staurosporine, the PKG inhibitors Rp-8-pCPT-cGMP and KT5823, and the calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibitor KN-62. Inhibition of adhesion with EDTA or the anti-β2-integrin antibody IB4 did not alter fMLF-induced VASP phosphorylation or dephosphorylation. These data show that chemoattractant stimulation of human neutrophils induces a rapid and transient PKA-dependent VASP Ser 157 phosphorylation. Adhesion does not appear to be an important regulator of the state of VASP Ser 157 phosphorylation in chemoattractant-stimulated neutrophils. DA - 2007/11// PY - 2007/11// DO - 10.1189/jlb.0206107 VL - 82 IS - 5 SP - 1311-1321 SN - 1938-3673 UR - http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/17684042 KW - PK4 KW - chemotaxis KW - fMLF ER - TY - JOUR TI - Morphology and correction of distal tibial valgus deformities AU - Jaeger, G. H. AU - Marcellin-Little, D. J. AU - Ferretti, A. T2 - JOURNAL OF SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE AB - O bjectives : To characterise distal tibial valgus deformities in dogs through physical examination and radiographic evaluation. M ethods : In a clinical study of 16 client‐owned dogs, twelve unilateral and four bilateral distal tibial valgus deformities were evaluated using palpation and radiographs. The origin and amplitude of angulation, rotation and length deficits if present were measured. Radiographically, fibular length and position in relation to the tibia was compared in affected and clinically normal limbs. The dimensions of the fibular physes were also compared between clinically normal and affected limbs. R esults : Rottweilers and Shetland sheepdogs were overrepresented. Valgus deformities ranged from 16° to 48° (median, 32°) in affected and from 0° to 13° (median, 6°) in contralateral, clinically normal limbs. Fibular length, fibular position relative to the tibia or physeal dimensions were not statistically different between affected and clinically normal limbs. C onclusion and C linical R elevance : Many distal tibial valgus deformities in dogs are a uniplanar deformity without concurrent craniocaudal or rotational changes or length deficits. A growth cessation in the fibula does not appear to be responsible for the development of the deformity. DA - 2007/12// PY - 2007/12// DO - 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2007.00388.x VL - 48 IS - 12 SP - 678-682 SN - 0022-4510 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Intermediate phases in binary and ternary alloys. How far can we go with a semi-empirical bond-constraint theory? AU - Lucovsky, G. AU - Baker, D. A. AU - Paesler, M. A. AU - Phillips, J. C. AU - Thorpe, M. F. T2 - Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// VL - 9 IS - 10 SP - 2979-2988 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Imaging diagnosis-synchronous primary brain tumors in a dog AU - MacKillop, Edward AU - Thrall, Donald E. AU - Ranck, Rose S. AU - Linder, Keith E. AU - Munana, Karen R. T2 - VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND AB - Four-year-old, neutered male, Bassett Hound. The dog was referred for progressive neurologic dysfunction of approximately 1 month. He would occasionally circle to the right and had developed behavior changes. Two weeks before evaluation the dog began drifting to the left when ambulating and would fall over after shaking his head. Signs of vestibular disequilibrium progressed to falling and rolling to the left. There was mild dehydration (<5%), markedly depressed mentation, and moderate vestibular ataxia with a tendency to stumble to the left. When supported, the dog would circle aimlessly to the right. Menace response was absent in the left eye. Vertical and occasional beats of horizontal nystagmus with a fast-phase to the right were noted in both eyes upon neck extension. Postural reactions were decreased in the left thoracic and pelvic limbs and dysmetric in the right thoracic and pelvic limbs. Neuroanantomic localization was multifocal: right forebrain and caudal fossa. A solitary caudal fossa mass with secondary obstructive hydrocephalus was also considered. Vestibular signs were thought to be consistent with a right-sided paradoxical central vestibular lesion although multifocal cerebellovestibular disease could not be excluded. The differential diagnosis included meningoencephalitis, neoplasia, brain abscess or congenital anomaly. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the brain was performed using a 1.5 T magnet. Two anatomically distant brain masses with disparate features were identified (1, 3). T2-weighted transverse spin echo magnetic resonance image (4000/91) of a cerebellar primitive neuroectodermal tumor. The tumor is mildly T2 hyperintense with a large cystic region in the right dorsolateral aspect. That the hyperintense region is cystic is based on its hypointense appearance in fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images (not shown). T2-weighted transverse spin echo magnetic resonance image (4000/91) of the pilocytic astrocytoma in the right thalamus. Note the ill-defined mass effect, moderate T2-intensity, and peritumoral edema tracking along cerebral white matter (arrow). The first was an approximately 1.5–2.0 cm, mildly T2-hyperintense, ill defined, partially cystic, mass in the right cerebellar hemisphere that was causing mild compression of the brainstem (Fig. 1). In a T2*-weighted gradient echo sequence there were multiple susceptibility artifacts consistent with intralesional hemorrhage (Fig. 2). There was faint, wispy contrast enhancement of this mass. The mass caused overcrowding of the caudal fossa, and faint T2-hyperintensity was present in the cervical spinal cord at the C2 level, consistent with syringohydromyelia. T2*-weighted transverse gradient echo magnetic resonance image (875/26/20°), of the cerebellar primitive neuroectodermal tumor. This image was acquired 5 mm rostral to the image in Fig. 1. There are multiple signal voids (arrow head) representing susceptibility artifact from intratumoral hemorrhage. There was a second similarly sized mass located in the right, ventral aspect of the thalamus at the level of the sella turcica with extension into the right frontal lobe. The imaging characteristics of this mass were different from the cerebellar mass as it had greater T2 intensity, marked adjacent T2 hyperintensity consistent with vasogenic edema, and no evidence of intralesional hemorrahge (Fig. 3). Following contrast medium administration there was faint enhancement of the forebrain mass itself, as well as wispy peripheral enhancement suggestive of peripheral neovascularization. The different imaging characteristics of these masses suggested disparate etiologies. The characteristics of the cerebellar mass suggested it might be associated with a vascular event with resultant necrosis and hemorrhage while the features of the forebrain mass were more consistent with a glial tumor. However, the imaging features were not specific and other etiologies for these lesions included metastatic neoplasia, inflammatory disease or multifocal primary brain tumors. Following MR imaging mannitol was administered intravenously and CSF was collected from the cerebellomedullary cistern. CSF analysis was within the normal reference range. Progressive neurological signs prompted a CT-guided brain biopsy. In CT images, the forebrain mass did not contrast enhance and there was a subtle hypoattenuating focus within the mass, consistent with edema. The cerebellar mass was hyperattenuating relative to adjacent neuropil and contained a central hypoattenuating focus consistent with cystic fluid, necrosis, or chronic hemorrhage. Samples of the forebrain mass were obtained with a core biopsy needle using CT guidance and submitted for stat frozen section histologic assessment. Despite sampling from the apparent epicenter of the mass, the biopsy was interpreted as mild gliosis without evidence of inflammation or neoplasia. The dog failed to adequately ventilate following anesthesia and was euthanized based on the poor prognosis for recovery. The right cerebral hemisphere was swollen with moderate subdural hemorrhage. The caudal aspect of the cerebellum was herniated into the fourth ventricle and compressed the associated segment of brain stem, which had moderate patchy hemorrhage. There was no evidence of transtentorial brain herniation. Following transverse sectioning of the brain, a poorly defined, slightly expansile pale mass, with fine stippling was centered in the right thalamus. There was a more discrete, spheroid mass in the cerebellum that was mottled dark brown-red and effaced approximately 70% of the right hemisphere. Microscopically, the forebrain mass was composed of elongated fascicles of slender spindle cells with a fibrillary cytoplasm and thin oval nuclei (Fig. 4A). This mass had diffuse, strong immunoreactivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and mild to moderate regional immunoreactivity for vimentin but staining was negative for cytokeratin, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), neurofilament, and synaptophysin. The histological diagnosis was astrocytoma with pilocytic features. Photomicrographs of two primary brain tumors in a dog. (A) Thalamus, astrocytoma with pilocytic features composed of discrete fascicles of long slender spindle cells with hyperchromatic elongated nuclei and pale abundant fibrillary cytoplasm. (B) Cerebellum, primitive neuroectodermal tumor, consistent with medullobastoma, formed by sheets of densely packed round to angular small cells with scant cytoplasm and round nuclei. Hematoxylin and eosin, 200 × . The cerebellar mass was distinctly different from the forebrain mass, being composed of dense sheets of small, round to angular cells, with hyperchromatic round nuclei (Fig. 4B). Scattered tumor cells had increased amounts of eosinophilic cytoplasm. Occasionally small cells arranged in rosette-like aggregates. Pyknotic debris was scattered throughout the mass, and there were multiple foci of hemorrhage. Small patchy areas of neoplastic cells exhibited mild immunoreactivity for vimentin but cells lacked specific staining for cytokeratin, GFAP, NSE, neurofilament, synaptophysin, CD3 or CD79a. Individual cells distributed throughout the mass stained for GFAP and were consistent with reactive astrocytes. Morphology supported a primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) in the cerebellum, consistent with a medulloblastoma. We conclude that our patient developed two independent synchronous brain tumors. Multifocal brain lesions may occur from inflammatory, neoplastic, vascular, metabolic, or degenerative etiologies. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis is often used to distinguish inflammatory disease from tumors, although some tumors may be associated with pleocytosis. A multifocal distribution of intracranial masses is suggestive of metastatic neoplasia; however, multiple primary brain tumors or a combination of primary and secondary brain tumors should be considered when brain masses have disparate MR imaging characteristics, as seen here. Multiple intracranial tumors are found in humans with brain metastasis but may also be found with certain heritable neurocutaneous syndromes (syn. phakomatoses) such as neurofibromatosis types 1 and 2 (NF1 and NF2).1,2 For example, people with NF1 are prone to optic nerve gliomas and/or juvenile pilocytic astrocytomas whereas NF2 is associated with either bilateral vestibulocochlear nerve (acoustic) schwannomas or an acoustic schwannoma and another primary brain tumor.2 In one study in dogs, 39/170 (23%) of dogs with a primary brain tumor had at least one other unrelated tumor.3 Interestingly, six of 170 (3.5%) had a second unrelated intracranial neoplasm. In most of these animals (4/6) the second tumor was a pituitary adenoma, although one dog had a meningioma and an astrocytoma. In contrast, multiple menginiomas may be found in as many as 17% of cats with meningioma.4 We found two reports of multiple histologically distinct brain tumors in dogs; one dog had an oligodendroglioma and a meningioma while the other had an oligodendroglioma and metastatic mammary carcinoma.1,5 Both patients were Boxer dogs, a breed predisposed to glioma.1 Multiple histologically distinct brain tumors are a rare occurrence in people without phakomatosis or exposure to ionizing radiation.6,7 Anatomically distant brain tumors, such as in our dog, may reflect coincidental tumorigenesis; alternatively, a genetic abnormality or exposure to a carcinogen may predispose to multifocal neoplasia. It has been speculated that adjacent or collision tumors may result from neoplastic transformation of peritumoral tissue because of chronic inflammation.6 In many instances of multifocal primary intracranial neoplasia, the second tumor is an incidental finding. Therapy is initially directed at the symptomatic tumor unless both tumors can be removed through the same surgical approach.7 Primary brain tumors usually occur in older dogs.8 There are, however, a number of reports of astrocytomas in young dogs such as this animal and gliomas are one of the most common malignancies in children.9 On MR imaging, canine astrocytomas are usually ill-defined intraparenchymal space-occupying masses that are hyperintense on T2-weighted images and hypointense on T1-weighted images.10 Astrocytomas may be associated with mild to marked peritumoral edema and as in this dog extensive peritumoral edema may obscure tumor boundaries. Astrocytomas have variable enhancement patterns but are often heterogenous.10 In our dog, faint contrast enhancement and extensive peritumoral edema made biopsy of the mass difficult and samples were mostly composed of rarefied neuropil with reactive gliosis. Primitive neuroectodermal tumors are rare and thought to arise from neoplastic transformation of embryonal neuroectoderm. The World Health Organization (WHO) for classification of nervous system tumors in domestic animals defines PNET as a generic term for brain tumors that are histologically indistinguishable from medulloblastoma—which is the common term used for this tumor type in the cerebellum.11 MR imaging and CT characteristics of the cerebellar tumor in this dog support the diagnosis of medulloblastoma. PNETs are primarily found in adult dogs (range 3–10 years old) but there are reports of medulloblastoma in dogs ≤2 years of age.12 In our dog, lack of association with the ventricular system argues against another primitive neoplasm, such as an anaplastic ependymal tumor. Medulloblastoma and pilocytic astrocytoma are the two most common brain tumors in children and the simultaneous occurrence of both tumors in this relatively young dog is extremely unusual.2,13 Medulloblastoma is a malignant embryonal tumor that is thought to be derived from either the external germinal layer of the cerebellum or subependymal matrix cells.14 On MR imaging, human medulloblastomas are predominantly isointense to grey matter on T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences and hypointense or isointense to grey matter on T1-weighted sequences. Though in our dog the cerebellar tumor was not T2-isointense to brain, its T2-intensity was lower than the forebrain astrocytoma. In people, it is not uncommon for there to be regions of heterogeneity in medulloblastomas because of tumor hemorrhage, necrosis, or cavitation.2,15 Contrast enhancement is usually mild to moderate. One reported canine medulloblastoma had similar MR imaging characteristics to the cerebellar tumor in our dog.12 Complete neuraxial MR imaging has been recommended in the presurgical evaluation of people with suspected medulloblastoma because intrathecal or drop metastasis may be found in approximately 40% of patients.15 Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is used in people to help distinguish PNETs from other brain tumors. DWI has historically been used in the diagnosis of stroke because of its capacity to identify the restricted movement of water protons, a characteristic feature of acute stroke. Of 12 human PNETs, including nine medulloblastomas, tumors were characterized as having restricted water diffusion.15 Medulloblastomas are densely cellular and have a high nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio which may restrict the motion of both extra- and intracellular water protons.15 These same tumor characteristics are thought to be the reason that medulloblastomas are hyperattenuating on CT images and predominantly isointense on T2-weighted and FLAIR sequences.2 In our dog, the combination of a densely cellular neoplasm along with intratumoral hemorrhage may explain the hyperattenuation on CT images. Although uncommon, multiple histologically distinct intracranial tumors should be considered in dogs that have multifocal brain masses with disparate MR imaging characteristics. A heterogeneous, slightly T2 hyperintense cerebellar mass lesion should raise the index of suspicion for a medulloblastoma. The authors would like to thank Drs. Talmage Brown, Brian Summers, Tom Van Winkle, Jim Cooley, and Jon Patterson for their histopathologic review of tissue from this dog. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// DO - 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2007.00294.x VL - 48 IS - 6 SP - 550-553 SN - 1058-8183 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-35448932842&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Identification of bacteria from clinical samples using Bartonella alpha-Proteobacteria growth medium AU - Cadenas, Maria B. AU - Maggi, Ricardo G. AU - Diniz, Pedro P.V.P. AU - Breitschwerdt, Kyle T. AU - Sontakke, Sushama AU - Breithschwerdt, Edward B. T2 - Journal of Microbiological Methods AB - In an effort to overcome historical problems associated with the isolation of Bartonella species from animal and human blood samples, our laboratory developed a novel, chemically modified, insect-based, liquid culture medium (Bartonella alpha-Proteobacteria growth medium, BAPGM). In this study, we describe the isolation of non-Bartonella bacteria from aseptically obtained human blood and tissue samples that were inoculated into BAPGM pre-enrichment culture medium, and were obtained during attempts to define each individuals Bartonella infection status. After incubation for at least 7 days in liquid BAPGM, pre-enriched inoculums were sub-cultured onto a BAPGM/blood agar plate. Bacterial DNA was extracted from pooled plated colonies and amplified using conventional PCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene. Subsequently, amplicons were cloned, sequenced and compared to GenBank database sequences using the BLAST program. Regardless of the patient's Bartonella status, seventeen samples generated only one 16S rDNA sequence, representing the following genera: Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Bartonella, Dermabacter, Methylobacterium, Propionibacterium, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus and bacteria listed as “non-cultured” in the GenBank database. Alkalibacterium, Arthrobacter, Erwinia, Kineococcus, Methylobacterium, Propionibacterium, Sphingomonas, and Staphylococcus were isolated from nine Bartonella-infected individuals. Co-isolation of Acinetobacter, Sphingomonas, Staphylococcus spp. and bacteria listed as “non-cultured” in the GenBank database was achieved for four samples in which Bartonella spp. were not detected. Despite the phylogenetic limitations of using partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing for species and strain identification, the investigational methodology described in this study may provide a complementary approach for the isolation and identification of bacteria from patient samples. DA - 2007/11// PY - 2007/11// DO - 10.1016/j.mimet.2007.08.006 VL - 71 IS - 2 SP - 147-155 J2 - Journal of Microbiological Methods LA - en OP - SN - 0167-7012 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2007.08.006 DB - Crossref KW - co-infection KW - fastidious bacteria KW - insect growth medium ER - TY - JOUR TI - Feline fibrosarcoma: perioperative management AU - Davis, Kechia M AU - Hardie, Elizabeth M AU - Lascelles, B Duncan X AU - Hansen, Bernie T2 - Compendium DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// VL - 29 IS - 12 SP - 712- ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of analgesia of the digital flexor tendom sheath on pain originating in the sole, distal interphalangeal joint navicular bursa of horses AU - Harper, J. AU - Schumacher, John AU - Degraves, F. AU - Schramme, M. AU - Schumacher, Jim T2 - EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL AB - Summary Reasons for performing study : Specific analgesic techniques are required in diagnosis of lameness to isolate the exact origin of pain to the many structures of the foot that may be involved. Objective : To determine if analgesia of the digital flexor tendon sheath (DFTS) results in anaesthesia of other portions of the foot, such as the sole, distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ), or navicular bursa (NB). Methods : Lameness caused by pain in the dorsal margin or heel region of the sole of the foot was induced in 18 horses by: using set‐screws to create solar pressure ( Trial 1 : n = 5); or administering endotoxin intrasynovially into the DIPJ ( Trial 2 : n = 6) and NB ( Trial 3 : n = 7). The gait of each horse was evaluated by examining videotape recorded before and after creation of lameness and after administration of mepivacaine hydrochloride into the DFTS. Results : Median lameness scores in Trial 1 at 10 min post injection of the DFTS were not significantly different from those before administration of local anaesthetic solution into the DFTS (P>0.05), but median lameness scores were reduced significantly at 20 min (P<0.05). In Trials 2 and 3, median lameness scores were not significantly different at observations made at 10 and 20 min post injection of the DFTS. Conclusions : Analgesia of the DFTS has little effect on lameness caused by pain originating in the sole, DIPJ or NB. Potential relevance : Improvement of lameness in horses after intrasynovial analgesia of the DFTS is probably caused by attenuation of pain within the structures contained in the DFTS. DA - 2007/11// PY - 2007/11// DO - 10.2746/042516407X216336 VL - 39 IS - 6 SP - 535-539 SN - 2042-3306 KW - horse KW - lameness KW - sole KW - distal interphalangeal joint KW - navicular bursa KW - deep digital flexor tendon KW - digital flexor tendon sheath ER - TY - JOUR TI - Defect reduction in non-crystalline and nano-crystalline thin films: chemical bonding self-organizations and minimization of macroscopic strain AU - Lucovsky, G. AU - Phillips, J. C. T2 - Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// VL - 9 IS - 10 SP - 2989-2995 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Canine bartonellosis: serological and molecular prevalence in Brazil and evidence of co-infection with Bartonella henselae and Bartonella vinsonii subsp berkhoffii AU - Vissotto De Paiva Diniz, Pedro Paulo AU - Maggi, Ricardo Guillermo AU - Schwartz, Denise Saretta AU - Cadenas, Maria Belen AU - Bradley, Julie Meredith AU - Hegarty, Barbara AU - Breitschwerdt, Edward Bealmear T2 - VETERINARY RESEARCH AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the serological and molecular prevalence of Bartonella spp. infection in a sick dog population from Brazil. At the São Paulo State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital in Botucatu, 198 consecutive dogs with clinicopathological abnormalities consistent with tick-borne infections were sampled. Antibodies to Bartonella henselae and Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii were detected in 2.0% (4/197) and 1.5% (3/197) of the dogs, respectively. Using 16S-23S rRNA intergenic transcribed spacer (ITS) primers, Bartonella DNA was amplified from only 1/198 blood samples. Bartonella seroreactive and/or PCR positive blood samples (n=8) were inoculated into a liquid pre-enrichment growth medium (BAPGM) and subsequently sub-inoculated onto BAPGM/blood-agar plates. PCR targeting the ITS region, pap31 and rpoB genes amplified B. henselae from the blood and/or isolates of the PCR positive dog (ITS: DQ346666; pap31 gene: DQ351240; rpoB: EF196806). B. henselae and B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii (pap31: DQ906160; rpoB: EF196805) co-infection was found in one of the B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii seroreactive dogs. We conclude that dogs in this study population were infrequently exposed to or infected with a Bartonella species. The B. henselae and B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii strains identified in this study are genetically similar to strains isolated from septicemic cats, dogs, coyotes and human beings from other parts of the world. To our knowledge, these isolates provide the first Brazilian DNA sequences from these Bartonella species and the first evidence of Bartonella co-infection in dogs. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// DO - 10.1051/vetres:2007023 VL - 38 IS - 5 SP - 697-710 SN - 0928-4249 KW - dogs KW - Bartonella infections KW - heart disease KW - culture KW - Brazil ER - TY - PCOMM TI - A pilot open trial evaluating the efficacy of low-dose aminopterin in the canine homologue of human atopic dermatitis AU - Olivry, T. AU - Paps, J. S. AU - Bizikova, P. AU - Murphy, K. M. AU - Jackson, H. A. AU - Zebala, J. AB - Journal Article A pilot open trial evaluating the efficacy of low‐dose aminopterin in the canine homologue of human atopic dermatitis Get access T. Olivry, T. Olivry Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, U.S.A.Allergy Core, Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.S. Paps, J.S. Paps Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Bizikova, P. Bizikova Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K.M. Murphy, K.M. Murphy Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H.A. Jackson, H.A. Jackson Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Zebala J. Zebala Syntrix Biosystems, Auburn, WA, U.S.A. E‐mail: Thierry_Olivry@ncsu.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 157, Issue 5, 1 November 2007, Pages 1040–1042, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08133.x Published: 01 November 2007 DA - 2007/11// PY - 2007/11// DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08133.x SP - 1040-1042 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-35348885050&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - A canine model of septic shock: balancing animal welfare and scientific relevance AU - Minneci, Peter C. AU - Deans, Katherine J. AU - Hansen, Bernie AU - Parent, Chantal AU - Romines, Chris AU - Gonzales, Denise A. AU - Ying, Sai-Xia AU - Munson, Peter AU - Suffredini, Anthony F. AU - Feng, Jing AU - Solomon, Michael A. AU - Banks, Steven M. AU - Kern, Steven J. AU - Danner, Robert L. AU - Eichacker, Peter Q. AU - Natanson, Charles AU - Solomon, Steven B. T2 - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY AB - A shock canine pneumonia model that permitted relief of discomfort with the use of objective criteria was developed and validated. After intrabronchial Staphylococcus aureus challenge, mechanical ventilation, antibiotics, fluids, vasopressors, sedatives, and analgesics were titrated based on algorithms for 96 h. Increasing S. aureus (1 to 8 × 10 9 colony-forming units/kg) produced decreasing survival rates ( P = 0.04). From 4 to 96 h, changes in arterial-alveolar oxygen gradients, mean pulmonary artery pressure, IL-1, serum sodium levels, mechanical ventilation, and vasopressor support were ordered based on survival time [acute nonsurvivors (≤24 h until death, n = 8) ≥ subacute nonsurvivors (>24 to 96 h until death, n = 8) ≥ survivors (≥96 h until death, n = 22) (all P < 0.05)]. In the first 12 h, increases in lactate and renal abnormalities were greatest in acute nonsurvivors (all P < 0.05). Compared with survivors, subacute nonsurvivors had greater rises in cytokines and liver enzymes and greater falls in platelets, white cell counts, pH, and urine output from 24 to 96 h (all P < 0.05). Importantly, these changes were not attributable to dosages of sedation, which decreased in nonsurvivors [survivors vs. nonsurvivors: 5.0 ± 1.0 vs. 3.8 ± 0.7 ml·h −1 ·(fentanyl/midazolam/ medetomidine) −1 ; P = 0.02]. In this model, the pain control regimen did not mask changes in metabolic function and lung injury or the need for more hemodynamic and pulmonary support related to increasing severity of sepsis. The integration into this model of both specific and supportive titrated therapies routinely used in septic patients may provide a more realistic setting to evaluate therapies for sepsis. DA - 2007/10// PY - 2007/10// DO - 10.1152/ajpheart.00589.2007 VL - 293 IS - 4 SP - H2487-H2500 SN - 1522-1539 KW - sepsis KW - dog KW - Staphylococcus aureus ER - TY - JOUR TI - The detection of Cytauxzoon felis in apparently healthy free-roaming cats in the USA AU - Haber, Marion D. AU - Tucker, Melissa D. AU - Marr, Henry S. AU - Levy, Julie K. AU - Burgess, Jill AU - Lappin, Michael R. AU - Birkenheuer, Adam J. T2 - VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY AB - Cytauxzoon felis typically causes fatal disease in domestic cats. Survival after infection and persistent parasitemia without clinical illness has been documented in a few cases. To our knowledge there are no prevalence studies of C. felis in domestic cats. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of C. felis infected cats that were presented to trap-neuter-return programs in Florida, North Carolina and Tennessee. Cats that were presented to trap-neuter-return programs were tested using a C. felis-specific PCR assay. A total of 961 domestic cats were tested (494 from Florida; 392 from North Carolina; 75 from Tennessee). Prevalence of C. felis infection in this population was 0.3%. Two cats from Florida and one cat from Tennessee tested positive for the presence of C. felis DNA. These amplicons were sequenced and confirmed to be C. felis. The cat from Tennessee was alive without evidence of illness 2 months post-surgery. The other two cats were alive 24 h post-surgery, but were then lost to follow-up. This is the first report documenting C. felis infections in free-roaming cats. Despite the low prevalence rate, the presence of apparently healthy infected free-roaming cats suggests that they may have the capacity to serve as an additional reservoir host for C. felis. Further investigations should evaluate the potential vector competence of domestic cats as well as the role of chronically infected cats in areas in which cytauxzoonosis appears hyperendemic. DA - 2007/5/31/ PY - 2007/5/31/ DO - 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.02.029 VL - 146 IS - 3-4 SP - 316-320 SN - 1873-2550 KW - Cytauxzoonosis KW - PCR KW - free-roaming KW - survival KW - hyperendemic ER - TY - JOUR TI - Spontaneous rupture of the guttural pouch as a complication of treatment for guttural pouch empyema AU - Fogle, C. A. AU - Gerard, M. P. AU - Johansson, A. M. AU - Breuhaus, B. A. AU - Blikslager, A. T. AU - Jones, S. L. T2 - EQUINE VETERINARY EDUCATION AB - Equine Veterinary EducationVolume 19, Issue 7 p. 351-355 Spontaneous rupture of the guttural pouch as a complication of treatment for guttural pouch empyema C. A. Fogle, Corresponding Author C. A. Fogle Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA.*Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA.Search for more papers by this authorM. P. Gerard, M. P. Gerard Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA.Search for more papers by this authorA. M. Johansson, A. M. Johansson Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA.Search for more papers by this authorB. A. Breuhaus, B. A. Breuhaus Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA.Search for more papers by this authorA. T. Blikslager, A. T. Blikslager Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA.Search for more papers by this authorS. L. Jones, S. L. Jones Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA.Search for more papers by this author C. A. Fogle, Corresponding Author C. A. Fogle Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA.*Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA.Search for more papers by this authorM. P. Gerard, M. P. Gerard Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA.Search for more papers by this authorA. M. Johansson, A. M. Johansson Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA.Search for more papers by this authorB. A. Breuhaus, B. A. Breuhaus Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA.Search for more papers by this authorA. T. Blikslager, A. T. Blikslager Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA.Search for more papers by this authorS. L. Jones, S. L. Jones Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA.Search for more papers by this author First published: 05 January 2010 https://doi.org/10.2746/095777307X196900Citations: 14AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References Adkins, A.R., Yovich, J.V. and Colbourne, C.M. (1997) Nonsurgical treatment of chondroids of the guttural pouch in a horse. Aust. vet. J. 75, 332–333. 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1997.tb15703.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Bentz, B.G., Dowd, A.L. and Freeman, D.E. (1996) Treatment of guttural pouch empyema with acetylcysteine irrigation. Equine Pract. 18, 33–35. Web of Science®Google Scholar Freeman, D.E. (1991) Guttural pouches. In: Equine Respiratory Disorders, Ed: J. Beech, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia. pp 305–328. Web of Science®Google Scholar Freeman, D.E. (1999) Guttural pouch. In: Equine Surgery, Eds: J.A. Auer and J.A. Stick, W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia. pp 368–375. Google Scholar Hawkins, J.F., Frank, N., Sojka, J.E. and Levy, M. (2001) Fistulation of the auditory tube diverticulum (guttural pouch) with a neodymiumyttrium-aluminum-garnet laser for treatment of chronic empyema in two horses. J. Am. vet. med. Ass. 218, 405–407. 10.2460/javma.2001.218.405 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Judy, C.E., Chaffin, M.K. and Cohen, N.D. (1999) Empyema of the guttural pouch (auditory tube diverticulum) in horses: 91 cases (1977–1997). J. Am. vet. med. Ass. 215, 1666–1670. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar McAllister, E.S. (1978) Guttural pouch disease. Proc. Am. Ass. equine Practnrs. 23, 251–256. Web of Science®Google Scholar Perkins, G.A., Pease, A., Crotty, E. and Fubini, S.L. (2003) Diagnosing guttural pouch disorders and managing guttural pouch empyema in adult horses. Comp. cont. Educ. pract. Vet. 25, 966–973. Web of Science®Google Scholar Citing Literature Volume19, Issue7August 2007Pages 351-355 ReferencesRelatedInformation DA - 2007/8// PY - 2007/8// DO - 10.2746/095777307X196900 VL - 19 IS - 7 SP - 351-355 SN - 0957-7734 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34547981740&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - horse KW - guttural pouch KW - empyema KW - rupture KW - complication ER - TY - JOUR TI - Retrospective study of the effect of intra-articular treatment of osteoarthritis of the distal tarsal joints in 51 horses AU - Labens, R. AU - Mellor, D. J. AU - Voute, L. C. T2 - VETERINARY RECORD AB - Osteoarthritis of the distal tarsal joints, affecting the centrodistal and tarsometatarsal joints, is a common cause of hindlimb lameness in horses. This paper describes the outcome of the intra‐articular treatment of 51 horses with the condition with either methylprednisolone acetate ( mpa ) or triamcinolone acetonide ( tr ), either with or without hyaluronic acid ( ha ). The outcome was assessed in terms of the changes in the horses' grade of lameness. Follow‐up information was obtained from the owners by means of a telephone questionnaire. Horses treated once with mpa or tr , either with or without ha , improved after a median of 56 days (P<0·0001), and there was no significant difference between mpa and tr . There was no significant further improvement in the horses treated twice. In the horses in which there was a diffuse increase in the uptake of a radiopharmaceutical by the distal tarsal joints, identified by scintigraphy, the lameness tended to improve (P=0·032), whereas in the horses in which the uptake was focal, it did not. At telephone follow‐up 13 of 34 horses were reported to have had a positive outcome, but the outcome in the other 21 was reported to have been negative. DA - 2007/11/3/ PY - 2007/11/3/ DO - 10.1136/vr.161.18.611 VL - 161 IS - 18 SP - 611-+ SN - 2042-7670 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Reassessing the definition of heartworm infection in cats AU - Atkins, Clarke E. T2 - JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION AB - JAVMA, Vol 231, No. 9, November 1, 2007 R studies by Browne et al and Dillon et al have corroborated earlier findings of Selcer et al, who reported radiographic evidence of pulmonary disease in cats experimentally exposed to heartworm infective larvae, but which did not develop mature heartworm infection (dirofilariasis). Importantly, the two more recent aforementioned studies identified histologic lesions in the pulmonary arteries or in airways and pulmonary parenchyma, as well as pulmonary arteries in cats with natural or experimental infections, respectfully. While it remains to be proven that naturally infected cats (with presumably lesser L 3 exposure) develop pulmonary parenchymal and airway lesions, it seems clear that naturally exposed cats that resist mature infection develop, at the very least, pulmonary vascular disease. These three landmark works broaden our understanding of the pathophysiology of the respiratory tract signs associated with exposure to various stages of Dirofilaria immitis. Their findings also raise questions as to appropriately descriptive terminology, particularly regarding the use of the word exposure. In 2005, I was an investigator on a study of heartworm risk in nondomestic cats in the southeastern United States. In that article, we defined antibodypositive cats as those exposed to, but negative for, heartworm infection if they were heartworm antigen negative and if no heartworms were found on necropsy. During the peer review process, one reviewer challenged this definition conceptually, arguing that antibody-positive cats indeed were infected. While acknowledging that exposed cats might well have pulmonary lesions, we argued that a cat without mature (L 5 ) heartworms did not meet the requirements for a diagnosis of heartworm infection. Our arguments were convincing enough that the manuscript was published with this distinction intact. Perhaps, in light of recent work, this point should be reconsidered. Conceptually, this represents a thorny problem. In an ideal world, cats would either have heartworm infection or not, but there is now a recognized gray zone in which cats that have successfully rejected an infection (probably at the young L 5 stage) may develop lesions (ie, disease) induced by D immitis. New terminology is Reassessing the definition of heartworm infection in cats DA - 2007/11/1/ PY - 2007/11/1/ DO - 10.2460/javma.231.9.1338 VL - 231 IS - 9 SP - 1338-1338 SN - 0003-1488 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Proteinases of the cornea and preocular tear film AU - Ollivier, F. J. AU - Gilger, B. C. AU - Barrie, K. P. AU - Kallberg, M. E. AU - Plummer, C. E. AU - O?Reilly, S. AU - Gelatt, K. N. AU - Brooks, D. E. T2 - Veterinary Ophthalmology AB - Maintenance and repair of corneal stromal extracellular matrix (ECM) requires a tightly coordinated balance of ECM synthesis, degradation and remodeling in which proteolytic enzymes (proteinases) perform important functions. There are natural proteinase inhibitors present in preocular tear film (PTF) and cornea simultaneously with proteinases that prevent excessive degradation of normal healthy tissue. Disorders occur when there is an imbalance between proteinases and proteinase inhibitors in favor of the proteinases, causing pathologic degradation of stromal collagen and proteoglycans in the cornea. Two matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), MMP-2 and MMP-9, are of major importance in terms of remodeling and degradation of the corneal stromal collagen. Immunohistochemical studies have shown different origins of MMP-2 and -9. MMP-2 is synthesized by corneal keratocytes and performs a surveillance function in the normal cornea, becoming locally activated to degrade collagen molecules that occasionally become damaged. Alternatively, MMP-9 may be produced by epithelial cells and polymorphonuclear neutrophils following corneal wounding. Because the cornea is in close contact with the preocular tear film (PTF), proteinases have been evaluated in the PTF. In damaged corneas, total proteolytic activity in the tear fluid was found to be significantly increased compared to normal eyes and contralateral eyes. Studies analyzing the proteolytic activity in serial PTF samples during corneal healing led to the following conclusions: ulcerative keratitis in animals is associated with initially high levels of tear film proteolytic activity, which decrease as ulcers heal; proteinase levels in melting ulcers remain elevated leading to rapid progression of the ulcers. The success of medical and surgical treatment of the corneal ulcers is reflected by the proteolytic activity in tears. In animals, successful treatment leads to a rapid reduction in tear film proteolytic activity that corresponds with the improvement in the clinical signs of corneal ulceration. The in vitro effects of various compounds on proteolytic activity in the tear fluid of animals with ulcerative keratitis have been evaluated and their important inhibitory effects have been confirmed. Because these various compounds utilize different mechanisms to inhibit various families of proteinases, a combination of these proteinase inhibitors may be beneficial. DA - 2007/7// PY - 2007/7// DO - 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2007.00546.x VL - 10 IS - 4 SP - 199-206 J2 - Vet Ophthalmol LA - en OP - SN - 1463-5216 1463-5224 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-5224.2007.00546.x DB - Crossref KW - corneal ulceration KW - dog KW - horse KW - preocular tear film KW - proteinase inhibitors KW - proteinase ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in cats: a review AU - Duncan, B. AU - Lascelles, X. AU - Court, Michael H. AU - Hardie, Elizabeth M. AU - Robertson, Sheilah A. T2 - VETERINARY ANAESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA AB - Objective To review the evidence regarding the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in cats Databases used PubMed, CAB abstracts. Conclusions Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should be used with caution in cats because of their low capacity for hepatic glucuronidation, which is the major mechanism of metabolism and excretion for this category of drugs. However, the evidence presented supports the short-term use of carprofen, flunixin, ketoprofen, meloxicam and tolfenamic acid as analgesics in cats. There were no data to support the safe chronic use of NSAIDs in cats. DA - 2007/7// PY - 2007/7// DO - 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2006.00322.x VL - 34 IS - 4 SP - 228-250 SN - 1467-2995 UR - https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2995.2006.00322.x KW - cat KW - kinetics KW - non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug KW - pain KW - pharmacology ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nonspecific immunotherapy with intratumoral lipopolysaccharide and zymosan A but not GM-CSF leads to an effective anti-tumor response in subcutaneous RG-2 gliomas AU - Mariani, Christopher L. AU - Rajon, Didier AU - Bova, Francis J. AU - Streit, Wolfgang J. T2 - JOURNAL OF NEURO-ONCOLOGY DA - 2007/12// PY - 2007/12// DO - 10.1007/s11060-007-9415-2 VL - 85 IS - 3 SP - 231-240 SN - 1573-7373 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11060-007-9415-2 KW - glioblastoma multiforme KW - rat KW - brain tumor KW - radiation therapy KW - toll-like receptor KW - denditic cells KW - macrophages ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mucosal immunity and chronic idiopathic enteropathies in dogs AU - Fogle, J. E. AU - Bissett, S. A. T2 - Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// VL - 29 IS - 5 SP - 290-302 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Lack of evidence for contact sensitization by Pfiesteria extract AU - Patterson, Rachel M. AU - Noga, Edward AU - Germolec, Dori T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES AB - BackgroundMembers of the estuarine dinoflagellate genus Pfiesteria are reported to have been responsible for massive fish kills in the southeastern United States. Some reports suggest that exposure to waters having Pfiesteria blooms or occupation-related exposure might result in Pfiesteria-induced dermal irritation and inflammation. Although the toxin has not been isolated and purified, the original data suggested both hydrophilic and hydrophobic toxic components. Some investigators propose that dermonecrotic properties are associated with a hydrophobic fraction.ObjectivesA bioactive C18-bound putative toxin (CPE) extracted from Pfiesteria-laden aquarium water during active fish-killing conditions was examined in the present study to evaluate its potential to produce inflammation and dermal sensitization and to determine whether the inflammation and dermatitis reported in early human exposure studies were allergic or irritant in nature.ResultsThis fraction was cytotoxic to mouse Neuro-2A cells and primary human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. Balb/C mice exposed to 50–200% CPE by skin painting exhibited a 6–10% increase in ear swelling relative to vehicle-treated mice in a primary irritancy assay. There was no increase in lymph node cell proliferation as measured using the local lymph node assay. Exposure to CPE in culture up-regulated interleukin-8 in NHEK, whereas granulocyte macrophage–colony-stimulating factor and tumor necrosis factor α were only minimally altered.ConclusionsThis study suggests that CPE is cytotoxic to keratinocytes in culture at high concentrations and that it induces mild, localized irritation but not dermal sensitization. DA - 2007/7// PY - 2007/7// DO - 10.1289/ehp.9559 VL - 115 IS - 7 SP - 1023-1028 SN - 1552-9924 KW - allergic contact dermatitis KW - contact irritant dermatitis KW - cytokines KW - delayed-type hypersensitivity KW - keratinocytes KW - Pfiesteria sensitization ER - TY - JOUR TI - Lack of GNB3 exon 9 polymorphism in primary hypertensive and normotensive dogs AU - Kuppinger, O. AU - Fischer, E. AU - Sum, S. AU - Hirschberger, J. AU - Rausch, W. P. AU - Keene, B. W. AU - Tippett, F. AU - Schulz, R. T2 - VETERINARY RECORD AB - The 5500T allele variant of the C5500T single nucleotide polymorphism in the human G protein beta3 subunit (GNB3) has been reported to be associated with primary hypertension. In this study, the GNB3 gene of primary hypertensive and normotensive dogs was examined for an analogous nucleotide polymorphism associated with hypertension. The genomic GNB3 dna, with 10 exons and nine introns coding for 340 amino acids, is described. PCR product sequencing of the GNB3 exon 9 from 25 dogs (including five hypertensive animals) failed to detect any nucleotide polymorphism. In contrast to human beings, there was no polymorphism at either the analogous nucleotide or in the respective exon. Only the human hypertension-associated thymine was detected, regardless of whether the dogs were hypertensive or normotensive. Furthermore, examinations of 565 dogs of 85 distinct breeds for the presence of the human 5500C nucleotide at the analogous nucleotide side failed to detect a cytosine that is present with high allele frequency in normotensive man. Owing to the lack of allele variance, it is concluded that canine primary hypertension is not associated with a polymorphism at either the respective human hypertension-associated nucleotide site or in the entire exon. DA - 2007/5/12/ PY - 2007/5/12/ DO - 10.1136/vr.160.19.654 VL - 160 IS - 19 SP - 654-657 SN - 0042-4900 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Intrathecal morphine overdose in a dog AU - Cunha, Anderson F. AU - Carter, Jennifer E. AU - Grafinger, Michael AU - Montgomery, Heather AU - Marks, Steven L. AU - Posner, Lysa P. AU - Burns, Patrick T2 - JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION AB - Abstract Case Description —A healthy 6-year-old 28.5-kg (62.7-lb) spayed female Boxer undergoing surgical repair of a ruptured cranial cruciate ligament was inadvertently administered an overdose of morphine (1.3 mg/kg [0.59 mg/lb]) via subarachnoid injection. Clinical Findings —50 minutes after administration of the overdose, mild multifocal myoclonic contractions became apparent at the level of the tail; the contractions migrated cranially and progressively increased in intensity and frequency during completion of the surgery. Treatment and Outcome —The myoclonic contractions were refractory to treatment with midazolam, naloxone, phenobarbital, and pentobarbital; only atracurium (0.1 mg/kg [0.045 mg/lb], IV) was effective in controlling the movements. The dog developed hypertension, dysphoria, hyperthermia, and hypercapnia. The dog remained anesthetized and ventilated mechanically; treatments included continuous rate IV infusions of propofol (1 mg/kg/h [0.45 mg/lb/h]), diazepam (0.25 mg/kg/h [0.11 mg/lb/h]), atracurium (0.1 to 0.3 mg/kg/h [0.045 to 0.14 mg/lb/h]), and naloxone (0.02 mg/kg/h [0.009 mg/lb/h]). Twenty-two hours after the overdose, the myoclonus was no longer present, and the dog was able to ventilate without mechanical assistance. The dog remained sedated until 60 hours after the overdose, at which time its mentation improved, including recognition of caregivers and response to voice commands. No neurologic abnormalities were detectable at discharge (approx 68 hours after the overdose) or at a recheck evaluation 1 week later. Clinical Relevance —Although intrathecal administration of an overdose of morphine can be associated with major and potentially fatal complications, it is possible that affected dogs can completely recover with immediate treatment and extensive supportive care. DA - 2007/6/1/ PY - 2007/6/1/ DO - 10.2460/javma.230.11.1665 VL - 230 IS - 11 SP - 1665-1668 SN - 0003-1488 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Image dissemination and archiving AU - Robertson, Ian T2 - CLINICAL TECHNIQUES IN SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE AB - Images generated as part of the sonographic examination are an integral part of the medical record and must be retained according to local regulations. The standard medical image format, known as DICOM (Digital Imaging and COmmunications in Medicine) makes it possible for images from many different imaging modalities, including ultrasound, to be distributed via a standard internet network to distant viewing workstations and a central archive in an almost seamless fashion. The DICOM standard is a truly universal standard for the dissemination of medical images. When purchasing an ultrasound unit, the consumer should research the unit's capacity to generate images in a DICOM format, especially if one wishes interconnectivity with viewing workstations and an image archive that stores other medical images. PACS, an acronym for Picture Archive and Communication System refers to the infrastructure that links modalities, workstations, the image archive, and the medical record information system into an integrated system, allowing for efficient electronic distribution and storage of medical images and access to medical record data. DA - 2007/8// PY - 2007/8// DO - 10.1053/j.ctsap.2007.05.008 VL - 22 IS - 3 SP - 138-144 SN - 1096-2867 KW - DICOM KW - PACS KW - image KW - dissemination KW - networking ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of cellulase pretreatment of raw and bleached cotton fibers on properties of hydroentangled nonwoven fabrics AU - Verenich, S. AU - Arumugam, K. AU - Shim, E. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE AB - Abstract This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of enzymatic pretreatment of cotton (polysaccharides) fibers on the properties of resulting nonwoven fabric. Enzymatic treatment is known to improve the esthetical properties of fabrics but will likely lead to a reduction in strength. In the case of nonwovens the strength loss can be even more drastic as cellulase may attack bonded areas of the fabric. In this work, raw and bleached cotton fibers were treated with enzyme solutions prior to fabric formation to avoid possible damage to the bonded areas and improve strength retention. These fibers were first modified with commercially available whole cellulases and monocomponent endoglucanase enzyme solutions. Then they were formed into a fabric and bonded via hydroentangling. Parameters such as bending modulus, fabric tenacity, fiber strength, length and reducing power were measured for each sample. The pretreatment of cotton fibers prior to fabric formation showed that the resulting nonwovens could be stronger and more drapeable than the same fabric composed of untreated fibers. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007 DA - 2007/7/15/ PY - 2007/7/15/ DO - 10.1002/app.26158 VL - 105 IS - 2 SP - 492-499 SN - 1097-4628 KW - enzymes KW - polysaccharides KW - fibers KW - mechanical properties KW - structure-property relations ER - TY - JOUR TI - ECG of the month AU - Adams, Allison K. AU - Keene, Bruce W. T2 - JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION DA - 2007/7/15/ PY - 2007/7/15/ DO - 10.2460/javma.231.2.209 VL - 231 IS - 2 SP - 209-211 SN - 0003-1488 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Clinical characteristics and mode of inheritance of familial focal seizures in Standard Poodles AU - Licht, Barbara G. AU - Lin, Shili AU - Luo, Yuqun AU - Hyson, Linda L. AU - Licht, Mark H. AU - Harper, Kathleen M. AU - Sullivan, Stacey A. AU - Fernandez, Soledad A. AU - Johnston, Eric V. T2 - JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION AB - Abstract Objective —To determine clinical characteristics and mode of inheritance of seizures in a family of Standard Poodles. Design —Case series. Animals —90 Standard Poodles descended from the same maternal bloodline (30 with probable idiopathic epilepsy [PIE] and 60 without any history of seizures). Procedures —Researchers contacted owners to determine whether dogs had ever had any seizures and, if so, the nature of any such seizures and any potential underlying causes. Dogs were considered to have PIE if they were between 6 months and 7.5 years old at the time of seizure onset and had no evidence of any underlying cause. To determine the mode of inheritance, segregation analyses were designed to allow the family to be analyzed as a whole, as opposed to as nuclear families. Competing models of inheritance were compared statistically for their ability to explain the data. Results —Of the dogs with PIE, 28 (93%) had focal onset seizures with or without secondary generalization. Median age of onset was 3.7 years; 6 dogs were > 5 years old at the onset of seizures. Segregation analyses strongly suggested that PIE was inherited as a simple recessive autosomal trait with complete or almost complete penetrance. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance —Results suggested that in this family of Standard Poodles, PIE was inherited as a simple recessive autosomal trait with complete or almost complete penetrance. Seizures often had focal, as opposed to generalized, onsets, and it was not uncommon for seizures to begin after 5 years of age. DA - 2007/11/15/ PY - 2007/11/15/ DO - 10.2460/javma.231.10.1520 VL - 231 IS - 10 SP - 1520-1528 SN - 1943-569X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Biodistribution of quantum dot nanoparticles in perfused skin: Evidence of coating dependency and periodicity in arterial extraction AU - Lee, Hyun A. AU - Imran, Mudassar AU - Monteiro-Riviere, Nancy A. AU - Colvin, Vicki L. AU - Yu, William W. AU - Rivlere, Jim E. T2 - NANO LETTERS AB - Arterial extraction of quantum dots (QD) assayed by fluorescence or inductively coupled plasma (ICP) emission spectrometry were studied after infusion into isolated perfused skin. Extraction was mathematically modeled using three linear differential equations. COOH-coated QD had greater tissue deposition, assessed both by model prediction and laser confocal scanning microscopy, than did QD-PEG. Both QD had a unique periodicity in arterial extraction never observed with drug infusions, suggesting a potentially important nanomaterial behavior that could affect systemic disposition. DA - 2007/9// PY - 2007/9// DO - 10.1021/nl071563c VL - 7 IS - 9 SP - 2865-2870 SN - 1530-6992 UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000249501900058&KeyUID=WOS:000249501900058 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A comparison of two exposure systems to apply malathion to Lumbricus terrestris L AU - Henson-Ramsey, H. AU - Kennedy-Stoskopf, S. AU - Levine, J. AU - Shea, D. AU - Taylor, S. K. AU - Stoskopf, M. K. T2 - BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY DA - 2007/6// PY - 2007/6// DO - 10.1007/s00128-007-9194-7 VL - 78 IS - 6 SP - 427-431 SN - 0007-4861 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A blinded randomized controlled trial evaluating the usefulness of a novel diet (Aminoprotect Care) in dogs with spontaneous food allergy AU - Olivry, Thierry AU - Kurata, Keigo AU - Paps, Judy S. AU - Masuda, Kenichi T2 - JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL SCIENCE AB - Aminoprotect Care (APC) is a novel diet composed of aminoacids, potato proteins and corn starch. The objectives of this study were to determine whether Maltese-Beagle atopic (MBA) dogs hypersensitive to corn exhibited clinical signs and changes in immunological markers after being fed APC. The study was designed as a blinded randomized controlled crossover experiment. Ten MBA dogs with signs of allergy within five days of ingesting corn were selected. Dogs were randomized to be fed either their maintenance diet with corn or APC for five days. After a washout of two weeks, diets were switched. Before and daily during each intervention, skin lesions were graded by an investigator while pruritus was assessed by another. Before and at the end of each intervention, the percentage of circulating CD4+CCR4+, corn-activated CD4+ T-lymphocytes and serum corn-specific IgE levels were measured and ratios of post:pre values calculated. During this trial, pruritus and skin lesions increased significantly in MBA dogs when ingesting corn while no such increase occurred when fed APC. Total, median and maximal pruritus values were significantly higher in MBA dogs ingesting corn compared to APC. There were no significant differences between interventions in the immunological parameters assessed. In summary, even though APC contains corn starch to which corn-sensitive MBA dogs often react, the ingestion of APC did not lead to significant increases in skin lesions or pruritus. Aminoprotect Care might prove valuable for management of food allergies. These experimental observations must be validated in large field studies. DA - 2007/10// PY - 2007/10// DO - 10.1292/jvms.69.1025 VL - 69 IS - 10 SP - 1025-1031 SN - 1347-7439 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-36248967710&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - atopy KW - canine KW - food allergy KW - hypoallergenic diet ER - TY - JOUR TI - Surveillance for Zoonotic Vector-Borne Infections Using Sick Dogs from Southeastern Brazil AU - de Paiva Diniz, Pedro Paulo Vissotto AU - Schwartz, Denise Saretta AU - de Morais, Helio Silva Autran AU - Breitschwerdt, Edward Bealmear T2 - Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases AB - For many vector-borne organisms, dogs can be used as sentinels to estimate the risk of human infection. The objective of this study was to use dogs as sentinels for multiple vector-borne organisms in order to evaluate the potential for human infection with these agents in southeastern Brazil. Blood from 198 sick dogs with clinicopathological abnormalities consistent with tick-borne infections were selected at the São Paulo State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital in Botucatu and tested for DNA and/or antibodies against specific vector-borne pathogens. At least one organism was detected in 88% of the dogs, and Ehrlichia canis DNA was amplified from 78% of the blood samples. Bartonella spp. seroreactivity was found in 3.6%. Leishmania chagasi antibodies were detected in 1% of the dogs. There was no serological or polymerase chain reaction evidence of infection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdorferi, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Ehrlichia ewingii, and Rickettsia rickettsii. The full E. canis 16S rRNA gene sequence of one of the Brazilian strains obtained in this study was identical to the causative agent of human ehrlichiosis in Venezuela. Ehrlichia canis may pose a human health hazard and may be undiagnosed in southeastern Brazil, whereas exposure to the other organisms examined in this study is presumably infrequent. DA - 2007/12// PY - 2007/12// DO - 10.1089/vbz.2007.0129 VL - 7 IS - 4 SP - 689-698 J2 - Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases LA - en OP - SN - 1530-3667 1557-7759 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2007.0129 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Retinal detachment in horses: 40 cases (1998–2005) AU - Strobel, Brian W. AU - Wilkie, David A. AU - Gilger, Brian C. T2 - Veterinary Ophthalmology AB - Abstract Objective To determine clinical features, ophthalmic examination findings, etiology, treatment, and outcome of horses diagnosed with retinal detachment (RD). Animals studied Forty horses, presented to the North Carolina State University and The Ohio State University Veterinary Teaching Hospitals from 1998 to 2005 that were diagnosed with RD. Procedure(s) Horses with documented RD, confirmed either on ophthalmic examination or by ultrasonography, and with a complete medical record were included. Information retrieved from the medical records included signalment, presenting complaint, duration of clinical signs, ophthalmologic examination findings, diagnostics performed, identified cause of the retinal detachment, treatment given, and outcome. Results Forty horses (46 eyes) were diagnosed with RD. Mean ± SD duration of clinical signs of ocular disease was 10.5 ± 14.7 months. Thirty‐four horses presented with unilateral involvement, 6 with bilateral, 14 with partial and 32 with complete RD. Ultrasonography was used to make the diagnosis in 26 eyes, while RD was diagnosed on routine ocular examination in 20 eyes. Bullous RD was the only type of RD observed, although small vitreal traction bands were considered secondary to the underlying inflammation or trauma. RD caused by equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) was diagnosed in 27 of 40 (67.5%) horses. Trauma‐induced RD involved 10 of the 40 horses (25%). Presenting problems included known ERU ( n = 16), acute or progressive vision loss ( n = 9), known ocular trauma ( n = 6), cataract ( n = 6), and a cloudy cornea ( n = 3). No horses regained vision after RD despite therapy. Many eyes were enucleated or eviscerated, or the horses were euthanized. Seven eyes with complete RD were noted to be unchanged and comfortable with medical therapy. Conclusions The visual prognosis of RD in horses is grave; however, horses with nontraumatic RD (most commonly ERU) may be able to maintain a comfortable but blind globe with anti‐inflammatory medical therapy. DA - 2007/11// PY - 2007/11// DO - 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2007.00574.x VL - 10 IS - 6 SP - 380-385 J2 - Vet Ophthalmol LA - en OP - SN - 1463-5216 1463-5224 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-5224.2007.00574.x DB - Crossref KW - equine recurrent uveitis KW - equine KW - retinal detachment KW - trauma ER - TY - JOUR TI - Performance of the 808-nm diode laser on equine upper airway tissue is enhanced by intravenous administration of indocyanine green AU - Tate, Lloyd P. AU - Blikslager, Anthony T. AU - Papich, Mark G. T2 - PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY AB - Objective: The objective was to develop a protocol whereby 808-nm diode laser irradiation combined with intravenous (IV) indocyanine green (ICG) could be used in non-contact mode with equal surgical efficacy to the Nd:YAG on equine tissues. Background Data: The 808-nm diode laser, delivering 20–40 W of power, has been produced for veterinary medical applications. This laser's power output is less than that of most neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) lasers. ICG is absorbed at a wavelength of 810 nm, which when concentrated in tissue should be an excellent absorber for the energy produced by the 808-nm diode laser. Methods: This study compares the depths and widths of thermal penetration achieved with the 808-nm diode laser in equine respiratory tissue after intravenous injection of ICG. ICG was administered at two doses: 1.5 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg. The 808-nm diode laser and Nd:YAG laser were set to deliver 200 J of energy. The depths and widths of thermal penetration obtained were compared. Results: Lesion depth and width tended to be greater in the ICG + 3 mg/kg group than in the ICG + 1.5 mg/kg group. Even so, the 1.5-mg/kg dose substantially increased the efficacy of the diode laser. Plasma ICG concentrations peaked at 5 min post-administration and then dropped markedly; lesion depth decreased after peaking at 7 min post-administration. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the 808-nm diode laser, when augmented with intravenous ICG, will be as effective a surgical tool as the Nd:YAG laser on equine upper airway tissues when applied using a non-contact fiber. DA - 2007/10// PY - 2007/10// DO - 10.1089/pho.2007.2107 VL - 25 IS - 5 SP - 443-448 SN - 1557-8550 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-35848961222&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Neurologic dysfunction in hypothyroid, hyperlipidemic labrador retrievers AU - Vitale, Christina L. AU - Olby, Natasha J. T2 - JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// DO - 10.1892/07-013.1 VL - 21 IS - 6 SP - 1316-1322 SN - 1939-1676 KW - atherosclerosis KW - hypercholesterolemia KW - hyperlipidemia KW - hypertriglyceridemia KW - hyperviscosity KW - hypothyroidism KW - iliac thrombosis KW - stroke KW - thromboembolism ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impact of chemotherapeutic dose intensity and hematologic toxicity on first remission duration in dogs with lymphoma treated with a chemoradiotherapy protocol AU - Vaughan, Andrew AU - Johnson, Jeffrey L. AU - Williams, Laurel E. T2 - JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE AB - Background: Dose intensity has proven to be critical in maximizing chemotherapeutic efficacy for numerous human cancers. To date, the impact of dose intensity and toxicity on first remission duration has not been thoroughly assessed in dogs with lymphoma. Hypothesis: Dogs that receive maximal dose intensity will have prolonged first remission duration. Animals: Sixty-two dogs with lymphoma that were treated according to a standardized Chemoradiotherapy regimen and achieved durable complete remissions were identified from the medical records database of North Carolina State University. Methods: Dosage reductions and treatment delays resulting from chemotherapy-related neutropenia were evaluated retrospectively, and each patient's actual summation dose intensity and frequency of myelotoxicity were calculated. Impact of dose intensity and frequency of neutropenia on first remission duration were evaluated by Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: Development of grade III or IV neutropenia during chemotherapy was found to be associated with prolonged first remission duration (P < .01). Dose intensity did not have a significant impact on remission duration (P= .07). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Results of this study suggest that dosage reductions and treatment delays instituted to avoid repeated neutropenic episodes do not reduce first remission duration. Prolonged remission duration in patients that developed grade III or IV neutropenic episodes indicates the need for further optimization of dosing strategies for canine lymphoma patients undergoing chemotherapy. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// DO - 10.1892/06-197.1 VL - 21 IS - 6 SP - 1332-1339 SN - 1939-1676 KW - dose escalation KW - fractional dose intensity KW - lymphosarcoma KW - neutropenia KW - summation dose intensity ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluation of a circumferential femoral head osteophyte as an early indicator of osteoarthritis characteristic of canine hip dysplasia in dogs AU - Szabo, Stephanie D. AU - Biery, Daryl N. AU - Lawler, Dennis E. AU - Shofer, Frances S. AU - Powers, Michelle Y. AU - Kealy, Richard D. AU - Smith, Gail K. T2 - JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION AB - To determine the relationship between a circumferential femoral head osteophyte (CFHO) and osteoarthritis characteristic of canine hip dysplasia, and to ascertain whether CFHO, like osteoarthritis, varies between diet-restricted and control-fed dogs.Longitudinal cohort study.48 Labrador Retrievers.Dogs were paired by size, sex, and litter and assigned to 1 of 2 equal groups at 2 months of age. The control-fed group was fed ad libitum, and the diet-restricted group was fed 25% less on a pairwise basis of the same diet for life. The dogs' hip joints were radiographed yearly for life. Each radiograph was evaluated for radiographic signs of osteoarthritis characteristic of hip dysplasia and for the presence and severity of a CFHO.41 of the 48 (85.4%) dogs had a CFHO, which was detected at a median age of 5.4 years, and 33 of those 41 (80.5%) developed radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis. Nineteen (79.2%) dogs in the diet-restricted group and 22 (91.7%) in the control-fed group had a CFHO at a median age of 9 and 3 years, respectively. Of the dogs with a CFHO, 12 (63.2%) in the diet-restricted group and 20 (90.0%) in the control-fed group developed radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis characteristic of hip dysplasia at a median age of 11 and 6.5 years, respectively.Results indicated a relationship between the CFHO and subsequent development of radiographic signs of osteoarthritis. If a CFHO is present in Labrador Retrievers, it might be considered an early indicator of osteoarthritis. DA - 2007/9/15/ PY - 2007/9/15/ DO - 10.2460/javma.231.6.889 VL - 231 IS - 6 SP - 889-892 SN - 0003-1488 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Detection of “Rickettsia amblyommii” in Association with a Tick Bite Rash AU - Billeter, Sarah A. AU - Blanton, Hunter L. AU - Little, Susan E. AU - Levy, Michael G. AU - Breitschwerdt, Edward B. T2 - Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases AB - In the summer of 2006, an Amblyomma americanum tick was removed from a woman in central North Carolina, who subsequently developed a rash at the site of tick attachment. When examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Borrelia, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Babesia, Rickettsia, and Bartonella DNA, only the Rickettsia primers generated an amplicon, which was identified as “R. amblyommii” by sequencing. To our knowledge, this is the first case in which R. amblyommii was temporally associated with a rash. DA - 2007/12// PY - 2007/12// DO - 10.1089/vbz.2007.0121 VL - 7 IS - 4 SP - 607-610 J2 - Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases LA - en OP - SN - 1530-3667 1557-7759 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2007.0121 DB - Crossref KW - "Rickettsia amblyommii" KW - tick bite rash KW - Amblyomma americanum KW - STARI ER - TY - JOUR TI - Clinical characterization of a familial degenerative myelopathy in Pembroke Welsh Corgi dogs AU - Coates, Joan R. AU - March, Philip A. AU - Oglesbee, Michael AU - Ruaux, Craig G. AU - Olby, Natasha J. AU - Berghaus, Roy D. AU - Dennis P. O'Brien, AU - Keating, John H. AU - Johnson, Gary S. AU - Williams, David A. T2 - JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE AB - Adult dogs with degenerative myelopathy (DM) have progressive ataxia and paresis of the pelvic limbs, leading to paraplegia and euthanasia. Although most commonly reported in German Shepherd dogs, high disease prevalence exists in other breeds.Our aim was the clinical and histopathologic characterization of familial degenerative myelopathy (FDM) in Pembroke Welsh Corgi (PWC) dogs.Twenty-one PWCs were prospectively studied from initial diagnosis until euthanasia.Neurologic examination, blood tests, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, electrodiagnostic testing, and spinal imaging were performed. Concentrations of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha (8-isoprostane) were measured in CSF. Routine histochemistry was used for neuropathology. Deoxyribonucleic acid and pedigrees were collected from 110 dogs.Median duration of clinical signs before euthanasia was 19 months. Median age at euthanasia was 13 years. All dogs were nonambulatory paraparetic or paraplegic, and 15 dogs had thoracic limb weakness at euthanasia. Electrodiagnostic testing and spinal imaging were consistent with noncompressive myelopathy. No significant difference was detected in 8-isoprostane concentrations between normal and FDM-affected dogs. Axonal and myelin degeneration of the spinal cord was most severe in the dorsal portion of the lateral funiculus. Pedigree analysis suggested a familial disease.Clinical progression of FDM in PWC dogs was similar to that observed in other breeds but characterized by a longer duration. Spinal cord pathology predominates as noninflammatory axonal degeneration. Oxidative stress injury associated with 8-isoprostane production is not involved in the pathogenesis of FDM-affected PWC dogs. A familial disease is suspected. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// DO - 10.1892/07-059.1 VL - 21 IS - 6 SP - 1323-1331 SN - 0891-6640 KW - ataxia KW - axonopathy KW - canine KW - neurodegenerative KW - oxidative stress KW - spinal cord ER - TY - JOUR TI - Chemical self-organization length scales in non- and nano-crystalline thin films AU - Lucovsky, G. AU - Phillips, J. C. T2 - SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS AB - This paper identifies different length scales λs for strain-reducing chemical bonding self-organizations (CBSO) in non-crystalline and nano-crystalline thin films. CBSOs are differentiated spectroscopically, and explained by semi-empirical bond-constraint theory (SE-BCT). Non-crystalline thin film CBSOs are characterized by molecular scale, strain-reducing chemical ordering with λs > 0.6 nm, and extending to at most 1 nm. The non-random bonding results in reduced defect densities that are enabling for device applications. Nano-crystalline transition metal oxide thin films display qualitatively different properties in two distinct nano-scale regimes in which the length scale metric is defined by π-bond coupling between atoms in strings of neighboring primitive unit cells (PUCs): (i) type I with nano-grain dimensions and λs ∼ 2 nm (or <4 PUCs), and (ii) type 2 with nano-grain sizes and λs > 3–4 nm (>6 PUCs). There are also diphasic nano-crystalline/non-crystalline technologically important thin films in which strain percolation is also minimized by CBSOs that combine molecular and PUC scales of order. Representative non-crystalline, nano-crystalline and diphasic nano-crystalline/non-crystalline thin film materials with qualitatively different behaviors and degrees of phase stability/metastability are addressed. DA - 2007/10// PY - 2007/10// DO - 10.1016/j.sse.2007.06.001 VL - 51 IS - 10 SP - 1308-1318 SN - 1879-2405 KW - chemical self-organizations KW - length scales KW - non-crystalline thin films KW - nano-crystalline thin films KW - broken bond-bending constraints KW - semi-empirical bond-constraint theory ER - TY - JOUR TI - Surgical and interventional radiographic treatment of dogs with hepatic arteriovenous fistulae AU - Chanoit, Guillaume AU - Kyles, Andrew E. AU - Weisse, Chick AU - Hardie, Elizabeth M. T2 - VETERINARY SURGERY AB - Objective— To report outcome after surgical and interventional radiographic treatment of hepatic arteriovenous fistulae (HAVF) in dogs. Study Design— Retrospective study. Animals— Dogs (n=20) with HAVF. Methods— Medical records of dogs with HAVF were reviewed. Referring veterinarians and owners were contacted by telephone. History, clinical signs, biochemical and hematologic variables, ultrasonographic and angiographic findings, surgical findings, techniques used to correct the HAVF, survival time, and clinical follow‐up were recorded. Results— Canine HAVF often appeared to be an arteriovenous malformation rather than a single fistula. Multiple extrahepatic portosystemic shunts were identified in 19 dogs. Surgery (lobectomy or ligation of the nutrient artery) and/or interventional radiology (glue embolization of the abnormal arterial vessels) was performed in 17 dogs. Thirteen dogs were treated by surgery alone, 4 dogs by glue embolization alone, and 1 dog by glue embolization and surgery. Three dogs treated by surgery alone died <1 month later, and 3 dogs were subsequently euthanatized or died because of persistent clinical signs. None of the dogs treated by glue embolization died <1month after the procedure and all were alive, without clinical signs, at follow‐up (9–17 months). Overall, 9 of 12 (75%) dogs with long‐term follow‐up required dietary or medical management of clinical signs. Conclusion— HAVF‐related death occurred less frequently after glue embolization than after surgery. Clinical Relevance— Glue embolization may be a good alternative to surgery for treatment of certain canine HAVF. DA - 2007/4// PY - 2007/4// DO - 10.1111/j.1532-950X.2007.00263.x VL - 36 IS - 3 SP - 199-209 SN - 0161-3499 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Selective deletion of antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells by MHC class I tetramers, coupled to the type I ribosome-inactivating protein saporin AU - Hess, Paul R. AU - Barnes, Carie AU - Woolard, Matthew D. AU - Johnson, Michael D. L. AU - Cullen, John M. AU - Collins, Edward J. AU - Frelinger, Jeffrey A. T2 - BLOOD AB - Abstract CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are important effector cells responsible for tissue destruction in several autoimmune and allograft-related diseases. To discover if pathogenic T cells could be selectively deleted, we investigated the ability of a toxin coupled to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I tetramers to kill antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. H2-Db tetramers were assembled using streptavidin conjugated to the ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) saporin (SAP). These tetramers inhibited ribosome activity in vitro, retained the T-cell receptor (TCR)–binding specificity of their nontoxic counterparts, and were internalized by 100% of target cells, leading to cell death in 72 hours. Cytotoxicity was dependent on the tetramer dose and avidity for the T cell. A single injection of the SAP-coupled tetramer eliminated more than 75% of cognate, but not control, T cells. This work demonstrates the therapeutic potential of cytotoxic tetramers to selectively eradicate pathogenic clonotypes while leaving overall T-cell immunity intact. DA - 2007/4/15/ PY - 2007/4/15/ DO - 10.1182/blood-2006-06-028001 VL - 109 IS - 8 SP - 3300-3307 SN - 0006-4971 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite ciprofloxacin in calves AU - Davis, J. L. AU - Foster, D. M. AU - Papich, M. G. T2 - JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS AB - The purpose of this study was to establish the pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in the plasma and interstitial fluid (ISF) following subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of enrofloxacin. Ultrafiltration probes were placed in the s.c. tissue, gluteal musculature, and pleural space of five calves. Each calf received 12.5 mg/kg of enrofloxacin. Plasma and ISF samples were collected for 48 h after drug administration and analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography. Plasma protein binding of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin was measured using a microcentrifugation system. Tissue probes were well tolerated and reliably produced fluid from each site. The mean ± SD plasma half‐life was 6.8 ± 1.2 and 7.3 ± 1 h for enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, respectively. The combined (ciprofloxacin + enrofloxacin) peak plasma concentration ( C max ) was 1.52 μg/mL, and the combined area under the curve ( AUC ) was 25.33 μg/mL. The plasma free drug concentrations were 54% and 81% for enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, respectively, and free drug concentration in the tissue fluid was higher than in plasma. We concluded that C max / MIC and AUC / MIC ratios for free drug concentrations in plasma and ISF would meet suggested ratios for a targeted MIC of 0.06 μg/mL. DA - 2007/12// PY - 2007/12// DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2007.00914.x VL - 30 IS - 6 SP - 564-571 SN - 1365-2885 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Lung and airway disorders AU - Marks, S. L. T2 - Merck/Merial manual for pet health PY - 2007/// PB - Whitehouse Station, NJ : Merck & Co SN - 9780911910223 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Identification of Pentatrichomonas hominis in feline fecal samples by polymerase chain reaction assay AU - Gookin, Jody L. AU - Stauffer, Stephen H. AU - Levy, Michael G. T2 - VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY AB - Pentatrichomonas hominis is considered to be a commensal protozoan of the vertebrate digestive tract. On the basis of light microscopic examination of feces, some investigators presumptively identified P. hominis as a causative agent of feline diarrhea. However, molecular identification of P. hominis infection in the cat has not been reported. Another trichomonad, Tritrichomonas foetus, is recognized as an intestinal pathogen in cats and often presumptively diagnosed on the basis of the presence of trichomonads in diarrheic feces. It is of importance to determine if cats are natural hosts for P. hominis, as the presence of this organism could result in inaccurate assumption of T. foetus infection. In this study, we used a species-specific PCR assay to identify P. hominis 18S rRNA genes in fecal samples collected from a convenience population of cats in which a high prevalence of T. foetus infection had been previously identified (cat show) or suspected (submitted for T. foetus diagnostic testing). The prevalence of T. foetus infection in these samples was 31% and 28.6%, respectively. P. hominis infection was identified by PCR of DNA extracted from feces of five cats (1.9% and 2.1% of fecal samples, respectively). All cats in which P. hominis was identified were also infected with T. foetus. PCR identification of P. hominis infection in the cat should facilitate future studies to determine the pathogenicity of this species and enable differentiation of P. hominis from other known or as-yet unidentified species of trichomonads that may infect cats. DA - 2007/4/10/ PY - 2007/4/10/ DO - 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.10.020 VL - 145 IS - 1-2 SP - 11-15 SN - 1873-2550 KW - Tritrichomonas foetus KW - Trichomonas KW - diarrhea KW - Pentatrichomonas hominis ER - TY - CHAP TI - Horse basics AU - Mansmann, R. A. T2 - Merck/Merial manual for pet health A2 - Kahn, C.M. PY - 2007/// PB - Whitehouse Station, NJ : Merck & Co. SN - 9780911910223 ER - TY - PCOMM TI - Food for thought: pondering the relationship between canine atopic dermatitis and cutaneous adverse food reactions AU - Olivry, Thierry AU - DeBoer, Douglas J. AU - Prelaud, Pascal AU - Bensignor, Emmanuel AB - Veterinary DermatologyVolume 18, Issue 6 p. 390-391 Food for thought: pondering the relationship between canine atopic dermatitis and cutaneous adverse food reactions Thierry Olivry, Thierry Olivry Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USASearch for more papers by this authorDouglas J. DeBoer, Douglas J. DeBoer Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USASearch for more papers by this authorPascal Prélaud, Pascal Prélaud Clinique Vétérinaire Advetia, Paris, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorEmmanuel Bensignor, Emmanuel Bensignor Clinique Vétérinaire, Cesson-Sévigné, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorThe International Task Force on Canine Atopic Dermatitis, The International Task Force on Canine Atopic Dermatitis Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USASearch for more papers by this author Thierry Olivry, Thierry Olivry Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USASearch for more papers by this authorDouglas J. DeBoer, Douglas J. DeBoer Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USASearch for more papers by this authorPascal Prélaud, Pascal Prélaud Clinique Vétérinaire Advetia, Paris, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorEmmanuel Bensignor, Emmanuel Bensignor Clinique Vétérinaire, Cesson-Sévigné, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorThe International Task Force on Canine Atopic Dermatitis, The International Task Force on Canine Atopic Dermatitis Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 19 October 2007 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3164.2007.00625.xCitations: 46 Thierry Olivry, DrVet, PhD, Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Building, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA. Tel.: (919) 513-7711; Fax: (919) 513-6336; E-mail: Thierry_Olivry@ncsu.edu As of 1 July 2007, The International Task Force on Canine Atopic Dermatitis was composed, in alphabetical order, of Emmanuel Bensignor (F), Didier Carlotti (F), Douglas J DeBoer (USA), Claude Favrot (CH), Craig Griffin (USA), Richard Halliwell (Chair; UK), Bruce Hammerberg (USA), Peter Hill (UK), Toshiroh Iwasaki (J), Hilary Jackson (UK), Sadatoshi Maeda (J), Kenichi Masuda (J), Rosanna Marsella (USA), Ralf Mueller (D), Tim Nuttall (UK), Thierry Olivry (USA), Pascal Prélaud (F), Candace Sousa (USA) and Ton Willemse (NL). Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume18, Issue6December 2007Pages 390-391 RelatedInformation DA - 2007/12// PY - 2007/12// DO - 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2007.00625.x SP - 390-391 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-35948947886&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Doxycycline Clearance of Experimentally Induced Chronic Ehrlichia Canis Infection in Dogs AU - Eddlestone, S.M. AU - Diniz, P.P.V.P. AU - Neer, T.M. AU - Gaunt, S.D. AU - Corstvet, R. AU - Cho, D. AU - Hosgood, G. AU - Hegarty, B. AU - Breitschwerdt, E.B. T2 - Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine AB - Ineffective clearance of Ehrlichia canis after doxycycline administration has been reported despite the fact that the recommended treatment for canine ehrlichiosis is doxycycline. The effectiveness of doxycycline in clearing E canis infection from the blood and tissues of dogs requires additional evaluation.Doxycycline (5 mg/kg PO q12h), administered for 4 weeks, will eliminate E canis infection from the blood and tissues of experimentally infected dogs.Fifteen Walker hound-mixed breed dogs were inoculated subcutaneously with E canis-infected canine histiocytic cells 4 months before doxycycline treatment.Four dogs were treated with doxycycline (5 mg/kg PO q12h for 3 weeks), 5 dogs were treated with doxycycline at the same dosage for 4 weeks, and 5 control dogs were not treated. Dexamethasone (0.4 mg/kg i.v.) was given after treatment to precipitate recrudescence of any remaining E canis organisms. Platelet counts, anti-E canis immunofluorescent antibodies, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of E canis deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in blood and tissues were evaluated.E canis DNA was not detected in the blood and tissues of doxycycline-treated dogs after treatment. Platelet counts were within reference intervals, and E canis antibodies decreased. Spontaneous clearance of E canis infection occurred in 2 of 5 control dogs. Three control dogs had E canis DNA detected in blood and tissues, platelet counts remained low or within the reference interval, and E canis antibodies remained high.As administered in this study, doxycycline cleared E canis from the blood and tissues of experimentally infected dogs. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// DO - 10.1892/07-061.1 VL - 21 IS - 6 SP - 1237-1242 SN - 0891-6640 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1892/07-061.1 KW - canine ehrlichiosis KW - immunofluorescence assay KW - platelets KW - polymerase chain reaction ER - TY - JOUR TI - Congenital Portosystemic shunts in five mature dogs with neurological signs AU - Windsor, Rebecca Christine AU - Olby, Natasha J. T2 - JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ANIMAL HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION AB - Congenital portosystemic shunts are a common cause of hepatic encephalopathy and are typically first identified when dogs are <2 years of age. This case series describes five dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts; the dogs were presented for severe encephalopathic signs during middle or old age. Three dogs had portoazygos shunts, and four dogs had multifocal and lateralizing neurological abnormalities, including severe gait abnormalities and vestibular signs. All five dogs responded to medical or surgical treatment, demonstrating that older animals can respond to treatment even after exhibiting severe neurological signs. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// DO - 10.5326/0430322 VL - 43 IS - 6 SP - 322-331 SN - 0587-2871 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Brain, spinal cord, and nerve disorders AU - Munana, K. R. T2 - Merck/Merial manual for pet health PY - 2007/// PB - Whitehouse Station, NJ : Merck & Co SN - 9780911910223 ER - TY - JOUR TI - BartonellaDNA in Dog Saliva AU - Duncan, Ashlee W. AU - Maggi, Ricardo G. AU - Breitschwerdt, Edward B. T2 - Emerging Infectious Diseases AB - Bartonella species, transmitted by arthropods or animal bites and scratches, are emerging pathogens in human and veterinary medicine. PCR and DNA sequencing were used to test oral swabs collected from dogs. Results indicated the presence of 4 Bartonella species: B. bovis, B. henselae, B. quintana, and B. vinsonii subspecies berkhoffii. DA - 2007/12// PY - 2007/12// DO - 10.3201/eid1312.070653 VL - 13 IS - 12 SP - 1948-1950 J2 - Emerg. Infect. Dis. OP - SN - 1080-6040 1080-6059 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1312.070653 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Use of polypropylene mesh in addition to internal obturator transposition: A review of 59 cases (2000-2004) AU - Szabo, S. AU - Wilkens, B. AU - Radasch, R. M. T2 - Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// VL - 43 IS - 3 SP - 136-142 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Use of basal serum or plasma cortisol concentrations to rule out a diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism in dogs: 123 cases (2000-2005) AU - Lennon, Elizabeth M. AU - Boyle, Tonya E. AU - Hutchins, Rae Grace AU - Friedenthal, Arit AU - Correa, Maria T. AU - Bissett, Sally A. AU - Moses, Lorra S. AU - Papich, Mark G. AU - Birkenheuer, Adam J. T2 - JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION AB - To determine whether basal serum or plasma cortisol concentration can be used as a screening test to rule out hypoadrenocorticism in dogs.Retrospective case-control study.110 dogs with nonadrenal gland illnesses and 13 dogs with hypoadrenocorticism.Sensitivity and specificity of basal serum or plasma cortisol concentrations of either 2 microg/dL that are not receiving corticosteroids, mitotane, or ketoconazole are highly unlikely to have hypoadrenocorticism. However, if the basal cortisol concentration is 15% incidence of osteosarcoma and represents an excellent spontaneously occurring large-animal model of the human disease. We modeled the transmission of the osteosarcoma phenotype in a population of over 1000 related deerhounds ascertained as part of a prospective health study. Variance component analysis, segregation analysis, and linear modeling were performed to evaluate heritability, to infer the presumptive transmission model, and to identify covariate effects for this phenotype within the breed, respectively. Based on variance component analysis, heritability (h2) was estimated to be 0.69. Six transmission models were analyzed by segregation analysis; based on Akaike's information criteria, the most parsimonious model was the Mendelian major gene model with dominant expression. Linear modeling identified gender and genotype as significant predictors of disease outcome. Importantly, duration of gonadal hormone exposure, weight, and height at maturity were not significant predictors of outcome. Inheritance of the putative high-risk allele was thus associated with >75% risk of disease occurrence compared to the <5% baseline risk. These results support the hypothesis that a major gene with a dominant effect explains most of the osteosarcoma phenotype within the Scottish deerhound. DA - 2007/9// PY - 2007/9// DO - 10.1016/j.ygeno.2007.05.001 VL - 90 IS - 3 SP - 354-363 SN - 0888-7543 KW - cancer KW - osteosarcoma KW - canine KW - segregation KW - heritability ER - TY - JOUR TI - Gastrointestinal dysfunction induced by early weaning is attenuated by delayed weaning and mast cell blockade in pigs AU - Moeser, Adam J. AU - Ryan, Kathleen A. AU - Nighot, Prashant K. AU - Blikslager, Anthony T. T2 - American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology AB - Our previous work has demonstrated that weaning at 19 days of age has deleterious effects on mucosal barrier function in piglet intestine that are mediated through peripheral CRF receptor signaling pathways. The objectives of the present study were to assess the impact of piglet age on weaning-associated intestinal dysfunction and to determine the role that mast cells play in weaning-induced breakdown of mucosal barrier function. Nursing Yorkshire-cross piglets were either weaned at 19 days of age (early-weaned, n = 8) or 28 days of age (late-weaned, n = 8) and housed in nursery pens. Twenty-four hours postweaning, segments of midjejunum and ascending colon from piglets within each weaning age group were harvested and mounted on Ussing chambers for measurements of transepithelial electrical resistance and serosal-to-mucosal [(3)H]mannitol fluxes. Early weaning resulted in reductions in transepithelial electrical resistance and increases in mucosal permeability to [(3)H]mannitol in the jejunum and colon (P < 0.01). In contrast, postweaning reductions in intestinal barrier function were not observed in piglets weaned at 28 days of age. Early-weaned piglet intestinal mucosa had increased expression of CRF receptor 1 protein, increased mucosal mast cell tryptase levels, and evidence of enhanced mast cell degranulation compared with late-weaned intestinal mucosa. Pretreatment of piglets with the mast cell stabilizer drug cromolyn, injected intraperitoneally 30 min prior to weaning, abolished the early-weaning-induced intestinal barrier disturbances. Our results indicate that early-weaning stress induces mucosal dysfunction mediated by intestinal mast cell activation and can be prevented by delaying weaning. DA - 2007/8// PY - 2007/8// DO - 10.1152/ajpgi.00304.2006 VL - 293 IS - 2 SP - G413-G421 J2 - American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology LA - en OP - SN - 0193-1857 1522-1547 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00304.2006 DB - Crossref KW - stress KW - barrier function KW - corticotropin releasing factor KW - tryptase ER - TY - JOUR TI - Gabapentin for the treatment of neuropathic pain in a pregnant horse AU - Davis, Jennifer L. AU - Posner, Lysa P. AU - Elce, Yvonne T2 - JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION AB - A 24-year-old 732-kg (1,610-lb) pregnant Belgian draft horse mare developed neuropathy and signs of intractable pain following colic surgery.Following recovery from colic surgery to treat compression of the small and large intestines because of a large fetus, the mare was noticed to have signs of femoral neuropathy involving the left hind limb. Within 36 hours after recovery, the mare developed signs of severe pain that were unresponsive to conventional treatment. No gastrointestinal tract or muscular abnormalities were found, and the discomfort was attributed to neuropathic pain.The mare was treated with gabapentin (2.5 mg/kg [1.1 mg/lb], PO, q 12 h). Shortly after this treatment was initiated, the mare appeared comfortable and no longer had signs of pain. Treatment was continued for 6 days, during which the dosage was progressively decreased, and the mare was discharged. The mare subsequently delivered a healthy foal.Gabapentin appeared to be a safe, effective, and economical treatment for neuropathic pain in this horse. DA - 2007/9/1/ PY - 2007/9/1/ DO - 10.2460/javma.231.5.755 VL - 231 IS - 5 SP - 755-758 SN - 1943-569X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluation of an accelerometer for at-home monitoring of spontaneous activity in dogs AU - Hansen, Bernard D. AU - Lascelles, Duncan X. AU - Keene, Bruce W. AU - Adams, Allison K. AU - Thomson, Andrea E. T2 - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH AB - To determine the correlation between activity as measured by an accelerometer and videographic measurements of movement and mobility in healthy dogs.4 healthy dogs.After determination that accelerometers had good agreement, 5 identical accelerometers were used simultaneously to test their output at 8 locations (rotated among collar, vest, and forelimb stocking locations) on each dog. Movement and mobility for each dog were recorded continuously with a computerized videography system for 7-hour sessions on 4 consecutive days. Accelerometer values were combined into 439 fifteen-minute intervals and compared with 3 videographic measurements of movement and mobility (distance traveled, time spent walking > 20 cm/s, and time spent changing position by > 12% of 2-dimensional surface area during 1.5 seconds).96% of values compared between the most discordant pair of accelerometers were within 2 SDs of the mean value from all 5 accelerometers. All mounting locations provided acceptable correlation with videographic measurements of movement and mobility, and the ventral portion of the collar was determined to be the most convenient location.Use of an accelerometer was adequate for at-home activity monitoring, an important end point in clinical trials of treatment for chronic disease, and provided information about daily activity that is unattainable by other methods. DA - 2007/5// PY - 2007/5// DO - 10.2460/ajvr.68.5.468 VL - 68 IS - 5 SP - 468-475 SN - 0002-9645 UR - https://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.68.5.468 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Development of the short-form Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (CMPS-SF) and derivation of an analgesic intervention score AU - Reid, J AU - Nolan, AM AU - Hughes, JML AU - Lascelles, D AU - Pawson, P AU - Scott, EM T2 - ANIMAL WELFARE-POTTERS BAR THEN WHEATHAMPSTEAD- DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// VL - 16 SP - 97 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Antibiotic-resistant Corynebacterium jeikeium urinary tract infection in a cat AU - Puskar, Michelle AU - Lemons, Carol AU - Papich, Mark G. AU - Vaden, Shelley L. AU - Birkenheuer, Adam T2 - JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ANIMAL HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION AB - A 10-year-old, castrated male, domestic longhaired cat with a history of urinary tract disease and perineal urethrostomy was presented for evaluation of persistent urinary tract inflammation. Prior to referral, diphtheroid organisms had been cultured from a urine sample obtained by cystocentesis, and they were interpreted as sample contamination. Subsequent urine culture and gene sequencing identified Corynebacterium jeikeium, which was resistant to antibiotics and appeared to be the cause of the urinary tract infection. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// DO - 10.5326/0430061 VL - 43 IS - 1 SP - 61-64 SN - 0587-2871 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Acute hypoxia-reperfusion triggers immunocompromise in Nile tilapia AU - Choi, K. AU - Lehmann, D. W. AU - Harms, C. A. AU - Law, J. M. T2 - JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH AB - Abstract Inadequate dissolved oxygen in the aquatic environment is a well‐established cause of fish morbidity and mortality. The specific effects of hypoxia on immune function in fish, however, are not well characterized. In this study, the effects of acute hypoxia followed by reoxygenation (rapid tissue reperfusion) as a source of immunocompromise in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus were investigated. Using a precision apparatus developed in our laboratory for hypoxia exposures, a series of assays of increasing specificity for immune function were performed on acutely hypoxia‐stressed Nile tilapia: tier I consisted of histopathology, tier II of hematology, plasma chemistry, and determining cortisol concentration, and tier III of determining the phagocytic index and analyzing the expression of the cytokines transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β). Nile tilapia were exposed to 7% oxygen saturation for 96 h, then tank water was rapidly reoxygenated. Sampling intervals were 48 and 96 h during hypoxia and 12 and 84 h during reperfusion. Histopathology showed no remarkable microscopic abnormalities in lymphoid or other tissues. Lymphopenia and neutrophilia were observed in peripheral blood. Plasma total protein, partial pressure of oxygen, and oxygen saturation were decreased in response to hypoxia. Plasma lipase decreased in response to hypoxia but returned to normal during reperfusion. Phagocytic capability and the phagocytic index decreased during hypoxia and 12 h reperfusion, whereas these values were recovered by 84 h reperfusion. The TGF‐β transcription continued to increase during the exposures, the greatest production being at 12 h reperfusion, whereas IL‐1β transcription decreased in response to hypoxia and reperfusion. We conclude that acute hypoxia triggered an overall downregulation of the immune system in the test fish. This suggests a possible factor in the pathogenesis of disease outbreaks in fish in which repeated, sublethal bouts of environmentally induced hypoxia lead to increased disease susceptibility and individual mortalities rather than massive fish kills. DA - 2007/6// PY - 2007/6// DO - 10.1577/H06-010.1 VL - 19 IS - 2 SP - 128-140 SN - 1548-8667 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A veterinary medicine interview AU - Ford, R. B. T2 - Veterinary Medicine DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// VL - 102 IS - 8 SP - 503-504 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A system coefficient approach for quantitative assessment of the solvent effects on membrane absorption from chemical mixtures AU - Xia, X. R. AU - Baynes, R. E. AU - Monteiro-Riviere, N. A. AU - Riviere, J. E. T2 - SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AB - A system coefficient approach is proposed for quantitative assessment of the solvent effects on membrane absorption from chemical mixtures. The complicated molecular interactions are dissected into basic molecular interaction forces via Abraham's linear solvation energy relationship (LSER). The molecular interaction strengths of a chemical are represented by a set of solute descriptors, while those of a membrane/chemical mixture system are represented by a set of system coefficients. The system coefficients can be determined by using a set of probe compounds with known solute descriptors. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane-coated fibres and 32 probe compounds were used to demonstrate the proposed approach. When a solvent was added into the chemical mixture, the system coefficients were altered and detected by the system coefficient approach. The system coefficients of the PDMS/water system were (0.09, 0.49, −1.11, −2.36, −3.78, 3.50). When 25% ethanol was added into the PDMS/water system, the system coefficients were altered significantly (0.38, 0.41, −1.18, −2.07, −3.40, 2.81); and the solvent effect was quantitatively described by the changes in the system coefficients (0.29, −0.08, −0.07, 0.29, 0.38, −0.69). The LSER model adequately described the experimental data with a correlation coefficient (r 2) of 0.995 and F-value of 1056 with p-value less than 0.0001. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// DO - 10.1080/10629360701428540 VL - 18 IS - 5-6 SP - 579-593 SN - 1062-936X UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000249294000006&KeyUID=WOS:000249294000006 KW - membrane absorption KW - chemical mixtures KW - solvent effects KW - system coefficient approach KW - solute descriptors ER - TY - JOUR TI - A Pharmacokinetic and Safety Evaluation of an Episcleral Cyclosporine Implant for Potential Use in High-Risk Keratoplasty Rejection AU - Lee, Susan S. AU - Kim, Hyuncheol AU - Wang, Nam Sun AU - Bungay, Peter M. AU - Gilger, Brian C. AU - Yuan, Peng AU - Kim, Jonghyeon AU - Csaky, Karl G. AU - Robinson, Michael R. T2 - Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science AB - To determine the short and long-term pharmacokinetics and assess the toxicity of a cyclosporine (CsA) episcleral implant for the prevention of high-risk keratoplasty rejection.CsA episcleral implants were made with a high (implant A) or low (implant B) release rate, and in vitro release rates were performed. Short-term pharmacokinetics were performed in rabbits using implant B, and the spatial and temporal spread of drug was observed by sampling from multiple corneal and conjunctival sites at 3 and 72 hours. Implant A was used in long-term pharmacokinetic studies in dogs aged more than 1 year. An ocular toxicity study was performed in dogs older than 1 year.A high release rate was observed with both implants over the initial 5 months followed by a steady state release. The cumulative release over the 400-day assay period from implants A and B was 3.8 +/- 0.3 and 2.3 +/- 0.3 mg, respectively. In the short-term pharmacokinetic studies, the cornea had CsA concentrations of 0.15 +/- 0.06, 0.07 +/- 0.02, and 0.05 +/- 0.02 microg/mg at sites centered 8, 13, and 18 mm away from the implant site, respectively. In the long-term pharmacokinetic studies, corneal CsA levels ranged from 0.18 +/- 0.06 to 0.009 +/- 0.004 microg/mg during the 1-year study. There were no signs of ocular toxicity at 1 year.Episcleral implants are safe and effective at delivering therapeutic CsA levels to the cornea to potentially prevent corneal allograft rejection. The implant can be surgically inserted at the time of penetrating keratoplasties, since the implant achieves therapeutic levels as early as 3 hours. DA - 2007/5/1/ PY - 2007/5/1/ DO - 10.1167/iovs.06-0985 VL - 48 IS - 5 SP - 2023 J2 - Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. LA - en OP - SN - 1552-5783 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.06-0985 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Thoracic discospondylitis with associated epaxial muscle atrophy in a Quarter Horse gelding AU - Alward, A. L. AU - Pease, A. F. AU - Jones, S. L. T2 - EQUINE VETERINARY EDUCATION AB - Equine Veterinary EducationVolume 19, Issue 2 p. 67-71 Thoracic discospondylitis with associated epaxial muscle atrophy in a Quarter Horse gelding A. L. Alward, A. L. Alward Southwest Equine Medical and Surgical Center, Scottsdale, Arizona 85254, USASearch for more papers by this authorA. P. Pease, A. P. Pease North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606Search for more papers by this authorS. L. Jones, Corresponding Author S. L. Jones North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606*North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606Search for more papers by this author A. L. Alward, A. L. Alward Southwest Equine Medical and Surgical Center, Scottsdale, Arizona 85254, USASearch for more papers by this authorA. P. Pease, A. P. Pease North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606Search for more papers by this authorS. L. Jones, Corresponding Author S. L. Jones North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606*North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606Search for more papers by this author First published: 05 January 2010 https://doi.org/10.2746/095777307X180268Citations: 9AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume19, Issue2March 2007Pages 67-71 RelatedInformation DA - 2007/3// PY - 2007/3// DO - 10.2746/095777307X180268 VL - 19 IS - 2 SP - 67-71 SN - 0957-7734 KW - horse KW - discospondylitis KW - epaxial muscle KW - right dorsal colitis ER - TY - JOUR TI - Spectroscopic and electrical detection of intermediate phases and chemical bonding self-organizations in (i) dielectric films for semiconductor devices, and (ii) chalcogenide alloys for optical memory devices AU - Lucovsky, G. AU - Baker, D. A. AU - Paesler, M. A. AU - Phillips, J. C. T2 - JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS AB - This paper presents a discussion of intermediate phases in thin film materials that have been incorporated into liquid crystal displays, LCDs, and optical memory thin film devices. The formation of intermediate phases in the a-Si3N4:H (a-Si:N:H) alloys used for gate dielectrics in thin film transistors, TFTs, of LCDs, and the a-Ge–Sb–Te (GST) alloys used for read-write optical writing and storage in optical memory discs are qualitatively different than those first addressed by the Boolchand group in Ge–Se bulk glass alloys. In the a-Si:N:H and a-GST thin films, the chemical self-organizations that suppress percolation of strain, involve chemically-ordered bonding arrangements that break bond bending constraints at the four-fold coordinated Si and Ge atoms in a-Si:N:H and a-GST, respectively. In the GST alloys, this results in over-coordinated and under-coordinated atomic constituents, or valence alternation pairs, VAPs, of charged defects. Finally, other technologically important systems in which broken constraints, and/or VAP defects are important in intermediate phase formation include group IVB (Ti, Zr and Hf) Si oxynitride alloys, and hydrogenated amorphous Si (a-Si:H). DA - 2007/6/15/ PY - 2007/6/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2007.01.041 VL - 353 IS - 18-21 SP - 1713-1722 SN - 1873-4812 KW - amorphous semiconductors KW - silicon KW - thin film transistors KW - plasma deposition KW - sputtering KW - defects KW - short-range order KW - stress relaxation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Seminal and endocrine characteristics of male Pallas' cats (Otocolobus manul) maintained under artificial lighting with simulated natural photoperiods AU - Newell-Fugate, Annie AU - Kennedy-Stoskopf, Suzanne AU - Brown, Janine L. AU - Levine, Jay F. AU - Swanson, William F. T2 - ZOO BIOLOGY AB - Abstract Pallas' cats ( Otocolobus manul ) have a pronounced reproductive seasonality controlled by photoperiod. Previous studies of reproduction in captive Pallas' cats exposed to natural light showed a breeding season of December–April. This study evaluated the impact of artificial lighting timed to simulate natural photoperiods on male reproductive seasonality of four Pallas' cats housed indoors. Semen evaluation, blood collection, and body weight measurements were conducted every 1–2 months from November 2000–June 2001. Fecal samples were collected from each male twice weekly to assess testosterone and corticoid concentrations. Mean values for reproductive traits (sperm attributes, testicular volume) were highest from February–April, the defined breeding season. Fecal testosterone concentrations were highest from mid‐January to mid‐March. Male Pallas' cats managed indoors under simulated photoperiods experienced a delayed onset of the breeding season by 1–2 months and a decreased length of the breeding season. Over the course of the study, fecal corticoid concentrations did not seem to differ among seasons. Although mating attempts during this study were unsuccessful, subsequent pairings of male and female Pallas' cats in the same research colony during the 2002 and 2003 breeding seasons produced viable offspring. These results suggest that male Pallas' cats, housed indoors under simulated photoperiods, exhibit distinct reproductive cyclic patterns, characterized by a delayed and truncated breeding season. Adrenocortical activity varied among individuals, but did not adversely affect reproductive parameters. Housing Pallas' cats indoors under simulated photoperiods may represent a viable strategy for maintaining breeding success while limiting disease exposure. Zoo Biol 0:1–13, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// DO - 10.1002/zoo.20127 VL - 26 IS - 3 SP - 187-199 SN - 0733-3188 KW - felids KW - testosterone KW - cortisol KW - leptin KW - spermatozoa KW - reproductive seasonality ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mechanisms of porcine diarrheal disease AU - Moeser, Adam J. AU - Blikslager, Anthony T. T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AB - JAVMA, Vol 231, No. 1, July 1, 2007 E disease continues to be a substantial problem in the swine industry, contributing to poor growth performance, increased morbidity and mortality rates, compromised welfare, and economic losses. Advances in the understanding of swine management, vaccine technology, and prophylactic antimicrobial regimens have substantially reduced the impact of certain diarrheal diseases of swine, but several pathogens continue to pose major challenges to the swine industry. Intensive management practices and changes in genetics have likely led to increased susceptibility of pigs to common enteric pathogens and the emergence of new pathogens that were once considered commensal. Several of these pathogens have not been fully characterized, or their pathophysiologic features are not well understood. Since a review of the mechanisms of diarrhea by Moon in 1978, the basic understanding of pathophysiologic mechanisms of diarrheal disease has increased considerably. Elucidation of the molecular basics of intestinal ion transport and how these molecular events become dysregulated by enteric pathogens have not only helped us better understand the disease process, but have also provided us with important information aiding in the development of diagnostic, management, and therapeutic strategies to combat these disorders. The objective of this report was to review the current understanding of the basic mechanisms of diarrheal diseases in swine, with particular emphasis on the ability of specific enteric pathogens to alter intestinal ion transport and fluid movement across intestinal epithelium. Although this review is focused on enteric diseases in pigs, basic mechanisms discussed apply to all veterinary species. DA - 2007/7// PY - 2007/7// DO - 10.2460/javma.231.1.56 VL - 231 IS - 1 SP - 56-67 J2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association LA - en OP - SN - 0003-1488 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.231.1.56 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Marking of peripheral T-lymphocytes by retroviral transduction and transplantation of CD34(+) cells in a canine X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency model AU - Suter, Steven E. AU - Gouthro, Terry A. AU - O'Malley, Thomas AU - Hartnett, Brian J. AU - McSweeney, Peter A. AU - Moore, Peter F. AU - Felsburg, Peter J. AU - Haskins, Mark E. AU - Henthorn, Paula S. T2 - VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY AB - A retrovirus vector containing an enhanced green fluorescent protein complimentary DNA (EGFP cDNA) was used to mark and dynamically follow vector-expressing cells in the peripheral blood of bone marrow transplanted X-linked severe combined immunodeficient dogs. CD34(+) cells isolated from young normal dogs were transduced, using a 2 day protocol, with an amphotropic retroviral vector that expressed enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and the canine common gamma chain (gammac) cDNAs. Following transplantation of the transduced cells, normal donor peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) appeared by 1 month post-bone marrow transplant (BMT) and rescued three of five treated dogs from their lethal immunodeficiency. PCR and flow cytometric analysis of post-BMT PBL documented the peripheral EGFP expressing cells as CD3(+) T cells, which varied from 0% to 28%. Sorting of EGFP(+) and EGFP(-) peripheral blood T cells from two dogs, followed by vector PCR analysis, showed no evidence of vector shutdown. EGFP expression in B cells or monocytes was not detected. These marking experiments demonstrate that the transduction protocol did not abolish the lymphoid engraftment capability of ex vivo transduced canine CD34(+) cells and supports the potential utility of the MSCV retroviral vector for gene transfer to XSCID affected canine hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC). DA - 2007/6/15/ PY - 2007/6/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.03.004 VL - 117 IS - 3-4 SP - 183-196 SN - 0165-2427 KW - ex vivo gene therapy KW - hematopoietic progenitor cells KW - retroviral gene transfer KW - CD34(+) ER - TY - JOUR TI - Management of 49 antebrachial and crural fractures in dogs using circular external fixators AU - Rovesti, G. L. AU - Bosio, A. AU - Marcellin-Little, D. J. T2 - JOURNAL OF SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE AB - To evaluate frame constructs, postoperative fracture reduction, postoperative care, complications, treatment duration and outcome of circular external fixation for management of 49 antebrachial and crural fractures in dogs.Medical records of dogs that underwent surgery with circular external fixation were examined for fracture location, frame configuration, postoperative fracture reduction, treatment duration, complications and outcome.Forty-nine fractures in 48 dogs were stabilised using circular external fixation. Frame removal occurred on average 61 days after surgery (median+/-sd, 52+/-30 days). Minor complications were observed in 35 cases (71 per cent) and major complications in seven (14 per cent). Radiographic outcome at frame removal was judged as excellent in 18 cases (37 per cent), as good in 26 (53 per cent), as fair in four (8 per cent) and poor in one (2 per cent). After frame removal, one fracture was stabilised with a plate, and eight patients were lost to follow-up. Functional and cosmetic outcome at follow-up was judged as excellent in 32 cases (80 per cent), good in seven (18 per cent) and fair in one (2 per cent).Circular external fixation can effectively treat antebrachial and crural fractures in dogs, even geometrically complex fractures. Minor complications are frequent but easily managed in most instances. Healing time is comparable to that of other external fixation methods. DA - 2007/4// PY - 2007/4// DO - 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2006.00267.x VL - 48 IS - 4 SP - 194-200 SN - 0022-4510 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Intestinal ribosomal p70(S6K) signaling is increased in piglet rotavirus enteritis AU - Rhoads, J. Marc AU - Corl, Benjamin A. AU - Harrell, Robert AU - Niu, Xiaomei AU - Gatlin, Lori AU - Phillips, Oulayvanh AU - Blikslager, Anthony AU - Moeser, Adam AU - Wu, Guoyao AU - Odle, Jack AU - al. T2 - American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology AB - Recent identification of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway as an amino acid-sensing mechanism that regulates protein synthesis led us to investigate its role in rotavirus diarrhea. We hypothesized that malnutrition would reduce the jejunal protein synthetic rate and mTOR signaling via its target, ribosomal p70 S6 kinase (p70 S6K ). Newborn piglets were artificially fed from birth and infected with porcine rotavirus on day 5 of life. Study groups included infected (fully fed and 50% protein calorie malnourished) and noninfected fully fed controls. Initially, in “worst-case scenario studies,” malnourished infected piglets were killed on days 1, 3, 5, and 11 postinoculation, and jejunal samples were compared with controls to determine the time course of injury and p70 S6K activation. Using a 2 × 2 factorial design, we subsequently determined if infection and/or malnutrition affected mTOR activation on day 3. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were used to measure total and phosphorylated p70 S6K ; [ 3 H]phenylalanine incorporation was used to measure protein synthesis; and lactase specific activity and villus-crypt dimensions were used to quantify injury. At the peak of diarrhea, the in vitro jejunal protein synthetic rate increased twofold (compared with the rate in the uninfected pig jejunum), concomitant with increased jejunal p70 S6K phosphorylation (4-fold) and an increased p70 S6K level (3-fold, P < 0.05). Malnutrition did not alter the magnitude of p70 S6K activation. Immunolocalization revealed that infection produced a major induction of cytoplasmic p70 S6K and nuclear phospho-p70 S6K , mainly in the crypt. A downregulation of semitendinosus muscle p70 S6K phosphorylation was seen at days 1–3 postinoculation. In conclusion, intestinal activation of p70 S6K was not inhibited by malnutrition but was strongly activated during an active state of mucosal regeneration. DA - 2007/3// PY - 2007/3// DO - 10.1152/ajpgi.00468.2006 VL - 292 IS - 3 SP - G913-G922 SN - 0193-1857 1522-1547 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00468.2006 KW - mammalian target of rapamycin KW - diarrhea KW - virus KW - malnutrition ER - TY - JOUR TI - IgG autoantibodies directed against desmoglein 3 cause dissociation of keratinocytes in canine pemphigus vulgaris and paraneoplastic pemphigus AU - Nishifuji, Koji AU - Olivry, Thierry AU - Ishii, Ken AU - Iwasaki, Toshiroh AU - Amagai, Masayuki T2 - VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY AB - Pemphigus is a group of autoimmune blistering diseases of the skin and mucous membranes. In human patients with pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP), IgG autoantibodies against desmoglein (Dsg) 3 and Dsg1 play pathogenic roles in blister formation. In contrast, the target for IgG autoantibodies that induce keratinocyte dissociation has not been elucidated in canine pemphigus. The aim of the present study was to determine whether anti-Dsg IgG autoantibodies are present and disrupt the cell–cell adhesion of keratinocytes in canine PV and PNP. The extracellular domains of canine Dsg3 were recognized by IgG in 3/5 (60%) canine PV sera tested. IgG against the extracellular domains of canine Dsg1 was detected exclusively in two dogs that had PV with the mucocutaneous phenotype. In addition, anti-Dsg3 IgG was identified in canine PNP serum. Furthermore, incubation of normal human keratinocytes (NHK) with mucocutaneous canine PV serum and canine PNP serum resulted in dissociation of the NHK sheets, whereas the removal of anti-Dsg3 IgG from these canine sera blocked this dissociation. The present study indicates for the first time that circulating anti-Dsg3 IgG antibodies capable of dissociating keratinocytes are present in dogs with PV and PNP. DA - 2007/6/15/ PY - 2007/6/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.02.004 VL - 117 IS - 3-4 SP - 209-221 SN - 1873-2534 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34247847607&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - pemphigus KW - desmoglein KW - autoantibody KW - cadherin KW - canine KW - skin ER - TY - PCOMM TI - Drug-associated canine pemphigus vulgaris? Who knows! AU - Olivry, Thierry AB - In a recent issue of this journal, Rybnicek and Hill reported a case of canine pemphigus vulgaris (PV) with ‘circumstantial evidence’ of induction of skin lesions following the topical application of polymyxin B-containing auricular drops.1 In this dog, the diagnosis of PV was made based on clinical signs consisting of vesicles, erosions and ulcers predominating on the ear pinnae, oral cavity and nasal planum as well as microscopic demonstration of suprabasal epidermal acantholysis with cleft formation. That this dog was affected with mucocutaneous facial-predominant PV is very likely, and the issue of disease diagnosis is not the subject of this letter. In this dog, causation of PV by the topical application of an ear medication containing polymyxin B sulphate was proposed based on the following argumentation: (i) a close temporal association between the application of this topical drug and the appearance of skin lesions; (ii) the fact that this was the only drug used in this patient in preceding months; (iii) the lesions occurred first on the pinnae, a location close to the site of application of the suspected culprit drug; and (iv) the fast resolution of clinical signs after drug discontinuation with lack of recurrence of lesions after discontinuation of immunosuppression, 2 months after it had been initiated. Whereas the hypothesis that the disease in this patient might be the first case of drug-associated PV in dogs is worthy of consideration, one can also provide counterpoints to each of the arguments presented above, thereby rendering the question of drug-causation unresolved. First, polymyxin B is not a drug known to cause either PV or pemphigus foliaceus in humans. As pointed out by the authors, there is evidence that drugs containing a thiol (e.g. sulfhydryl; -SH) group in their structure may cause biochemical and/or immunological PV-like acantholysis.2 Polymyxin B does not contain such sulfhydryl group, and the fact that this drug was given as a sulphate salt cannot be used to suggest the presence of a ‘hidden’ thiol radical in this drug. Second, the administration of polymyxin B in the immediate temporal vicinity of lesion development is not sufficient in itself to indicate drug implication in the genesis of skin lesions. Indeed, to address the issue of probability of drug reaction, one can use one of the imputability scales employed in human medicine, such as the one described by Pérez et al.3 In this table, three chronological and three semiological criteria are proposed to assess probability of drug reaction. Using this scale, one can attribute only one point (e.g. ‘suggestive’) to the first question ‘delay in appearance of symptoms’, while the two other chronological parameters (‘drug interruption effect’ and ‘new administration of the drug’) would have to be scored a ‘0’ (e.g. ‘inconclusive’). For the three semiological parameters, scores of ‘0’ would also have to be given as one cannot rule out that this dog might have suffered from drug-independent spontaneous PV. In summary, this disease event could be scored a grand total of one point, a ‘doubtful’ score for drug causation.3 Similarly, using the Naranjo probability scale, a rating system that is gaining increasing acceptance in the field of adverse drug reactions, a low score (1) on the low end of the ‘possible’ probability score also would be obtained (scores of ‘+2’ to question 2, ‘–1’ to question 5 because of the possibility of spontaneous PV, and ‘0’ to all other eight questions).4 In summary, using two different imputability scales developed for human adverse drug reactions, a low probability score would be given to this case. Third, the fact that lesions were present solely on the head also does not provide credence to the possibility of ‘contact PV’ in this patient. Indeed, of 56 cases of canine PV documented in the veterinary literature from 1975 until 2003 (updated from5), there are 44 dogs for which details on skin and mucosal distribution are available. Of 44 dogs with PV, 16 dogs (36%) have a distribution of lesions restricted to the face, and there are three dogs (7%) with a phenotype identical to that described by Rybnicek (single case in6, case 7 in,7 case 8 in8). As a result, the lesions exhibited by Rybnicek's dog are not unique to a putative otic drug-associated contact PV, but they represent a distribution that is part of the normal variation in phenotypes exhibited by dogs with PV. Finally, the issue of favourable prognosis also does not constitute, per se, a valid argument in support of drug causation for this newly published case. Of the 56 cases of PV reviewed above,5 outcome data can be retrieved for 49 dogs. A favourable outcome with complete remission of signs was reported for 25 of these 49 patients (51%). There are two instances of spontaneous remission of lesions, one of them occurring after the first episode (case 9 in9) and the second after a relapse (case 1 in10). In one additional dog (case 2 in11), lesions were in complete remission within 9 weeks of treatment induction and prednisolone was discontinued without further relapse. In conclusion, the case described herein represents a dog with facial-predominant mucocutaneous PV whose lesions responded very well to immunosuppression and remained in remission after drug discontinuation. As discussed above, there are doubts whether polymyxin sulphate induced or triggered these skin lesions, and nothing can, or will, ever be done to confirm or infirm the hypothesis of drug causation. As a result, the question arises whether the report of this case brings useful information to the existing body of knowledge, and whether it is deserving of publication in this journal. Since the beginning of ‘modern’ veterinary dermatology in the mid-1970s, numerous articles on putative ‘drug reactions’ have been published. In most of these cases, the evidence of association is weak and circumstantial at best, and readers are left wondering if drug causation is real or fortuitous. For our specialty to move forward, especially in the potentially controversial area of ‘drug reactions’, I would urge authors to only submit case reports in which probability scores using published imputability scales suggest at least probable or suggestive drug reactions. It is with the report of such cases with higher probability for drug reactions that specific phenotype-drug associations will likely emerge, thereby helping veterinary clinicians recognize dermatological entities uniquely associated with particular drugs. DA - 2007/10// PY - 2007/10// DO - 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2007.00621.x SP - 378-379 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34548575363&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Development, optimization, and characterization of electrospun poly(lactic acid) nanofibers containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes AU - McCullen, Seth D. AU - Stano, Kelly L. AU - Stevens, Derrick R. AU - Roberts, Wesley A. AU - Monteiro-Riviere, Nancy A. AU - Clarke, Laura I. AU - Gorga, Russell E. T2 - JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE AB - Abstract Electrospinning of poly ( L ‐ D ‐lactic acid) (PLA) was investigated with the addition of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) for development of a scaffold for tissue engineering. Through this experiment, it was determined that the optimal concentration of PLA with weight average molecular weight ( M w ) 250,000 g/mol is ∼20 wt % as indicated by scanning electron microscopy. This concentration produces fibers with no beading or film formation. The preferred solvent system is a combination of chloroform and dimethyl formamide to alleviate the volatile action of chloroform. The optimum processing parameters for PLA are an electric field of 1 kV/cm which was determined by a surface response plot to minimize fiber diameter based on the applied voltage, working distance, and addition of MWNT. Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy has indicated the removal of the solvent system. With the addition of MWNT, the fiber diameter was drastically reduced by 70% to form fibers with a mean diameter of 700 nm. This is believed to be due to an increased surface charge density for the MWNT/polymer solution. Transmission electron microscopy validated the alignment of the MWNT within the fibers. MWNT loading exhibited an increase in the conductance of the scaffold and the tensile modulus at an optimal loading level of 0.25 wt %. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007 DA - 2007/8/5/ PY - 2007/8/5/ DO - 10.1002/app.26288 VL - 105 IS - 3 SP - 1668-1678 SN - 1097-4628 UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000247576000079&KeyUID=WOS:000247576000079 KW - electrospinning KW - polymers KW - nanofibers KW - carbon nanotubes KW - electrical properties KW - mechanical properties KW - electron microscopy ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cyclin D2 and cyclin D3 play opposite roles in mouse skin carcinogenesis AU - Rojas, P. AU - Cadenas, M. B. AU - Lin, P. C. AU - Benavides, F. AU - Conti, C. J. AU - Rodriguez-Puebla, M. L. T2 - Oncogene AB - D-type cyclins are components of the cell-cycle engine that link cell signaling pathways and passage throughout G1 phase. We previously described the effects of overexpression cyclin D1, D2 or D3 in mouse epidermis and tumor development. We now asked whether cyclin D2 and/or cyclin D3 play a relevant role in ras-dependent tumorigenesis. Here, we described the effect of cyclin D3 and cyclin D2 overexpression in mouse skin tumor development. Notably, overexpression of cyclin D3 results in reduced tumor development and malignant progression to squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). Biochemical analysis of keratinocytes shows that overexpression of cyclin D3 results in strong reduction of cyclin D2 and its associated kinase activity. Furthermore, we found that reinstatement of cyclin D2 level in the cyclin D3/cyclin D2 bigenic mice results in a complete reversion of the inhibitory action of cyclin D3. Supporting these results, ablation of cyclin D2 results in reduced tumorigenesis and malignant progression. On the other hand, overexpression of cyclin D2 results in an increased number of papillomas and malignant progression. We conclude that cyclin D3 and cyclin D2 play opposite roles in mouse skin tumor development and that the suppressive activity of cyclin D3 is associated with cyclin D2 downregulation. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// DO - 10.1038/sj.onc.1209970 VL - 26 IS - 12 SP - 1723-1730 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Custom total knee replacement in a dog with femoral condylar bone loss AU - Liska, William D. AU - Marcellin-Little, Denis J. AU - Eskelinen, Esa V. AU - Sidebotham, Christopher G. AU - Harrysson, Ola L. A. AU - Hielm-Bjorkman, Anna K. T2 - VETERINARY SURGERY AB - To report surgical planning, technique, and outcome of custom total knee replacement (TKR) performed to manage a medial femoral condylar nonunion in a dog.Clinical case report.A 3-year-old, 20 kg Karelian Bear Hound.Computed tomographic scan of the left pelvic limb was used to build a stereolithography model of the distal portion of the femur. The model was used to create a custom augment to replace the missing medial femoral condyle and a custom stem for intramedullary condylar cemented fixation. The augment and stem were adapted to femoral and tibial components already available. The model was used to rehearse the surgery and then the custom prosthesis was implanted.Weight bearing returned 8 hours after surgery and improved thereafter. Joint alignment was normal and prosthetic joint motion was 60-165 degrees postoperatively. The dog resumed moose hunting 3 months after surgery. Peak vertical force and impulse of the operated limb measured 17 months after surgery were 65% and 47% of the normal, contralateral limb.Based on short-term follow-up, cemented canine TKR was successfully achieved for management of a severely abnormal stifle joint.With further refinement and development of commercially available prostheses, TKR should be possible for canine patients. DA - 2007/6// PY - 2007/6// DO - 10.1111/j.1532-950X.2007.00270.x VL - 36 IS - 4 SP - 293-301 SN - 0161-3499 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Correlation between perioperative factors and successful outcome in fibrosarcoma resection in cats AU - Davis, K. M. AU - Hardie, E. M. AU - Martin, F. R. AU - Zhu, J. AU - Brownie, C. T2 - VETERINARY RECORD AB - Veterinary RecordVolume 161, Issue 6 p. 199-200 Short Communication Correlation between perioperative factors and successful outcome in fibrosarcoma resection in cats K. M. Davis DVM, DipACVS, Corresponding Author K. M. Davis DVM, DipACVS n/[email protected] Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27606 USADr Davis's present address is Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida Veterinary Medical Centre, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainsville, FL 32610, USASearch for more papers by this authorE. M. Hardie DVM, PhD, DipACVS, E. M. Hardie DVM, PhD, DipACVS Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27606 USASearch for more papers by this authorF. R. Martin BA, F. R. Martin BA Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27606 USASearch for more papers by this authorJ. Zhu MStat, J. Zhu MStat Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Box 8203, Raleigh, NC, 27695-8203 USASearch for more papers by this authorC. Brownie PhD, C. Brownie PhD Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Box 8203, Raleigh, NC, 27695-8203 USASearch for more papers by this author K. M. Davis DVM, DipACVS, Corresponding Author K. M. Davis DVM, DipACVS n/[email protected] Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27606 USADr Davis's present address is Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida Veterinary Medical Centre, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainsville, FL 32610, USASearch for more papers by this authorE. M. Hardie DVM, PhD, DipACVS, E. M. Hardie DVM, PhD, DipACVS Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27606 USASearch for more papers by this authorF. R. Martin BA, F. R. Martin BA Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27606 USASearch for more papers by this authorJ. Zhu MStat, J. Zhu MStat Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Box 8203, Raleigh, NC, 27695-8203 USASearch for more papers by this authorC. Brownie PhD, C. Brownie PhD Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Box 8203, Raleigh, NC, 27695-8203 USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 11 August 2007 https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.161.6.199Citations: 17AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume161, Issue6August 2007Pages 199-200 RelatedInformation DA - 2007/8/11/ PY - 2007/8/11/ DO - 10.1136/vr.161.6.199 VL - 161 IS - 6 SP - 199-200 SN - 0042-4900 ER - TY - JOUR TI - An experimentally based approach for predicting skin permeability of chemicals and drugs using a membrane-coated fiber array AU - Xia, Xin-Rui AU - Baynes, Ronald E. AU - Monteiro-Riviere, Nancy A. AU - Riviere, Jim E. T2 - TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY AB - A membrane-coated fiber (MCF) array approach is proposed for predicting the percutaneous absorption of chemicals and drugs from chemical or biological mixtures. Multiple MCFs were used to determine the partition coefficients of compounds (logKMCF). We hypothesized that one MCF will characterize one pattern of molecular interactions and therefore the skin absorption process can be simulated by a multiple MCF array having diverse patterns of molecular interactions. Three MCFs, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyacrylate (PA) and CarboWax (Wax), were used to determine the logKMCF values for a set of calibration compounds. The skin permeability log(kp) of the compounds was measured by diffusion experiments using porcine skin. The feasibility of the MCF array approach for predicting skin permeability was demonstrated with the three MCFs. A mathematical model was established by multiple linear regression analysis of the log(kp) and logKMCF data set: log(kp) = − 2.34–0.124 logKpdms + 1.91 logKpa − 1.17 logKwax (n = 25, R2 = 0.93). The MCF array approach is an alternative animal model for skin permeability measurement. It is an experimentally based, high throughput approach that provides high prediction confidence and does not require literature data nor molecular structure information in contrast to the existing predictive models. DA - 2007/6/15/ PY - 2007/6/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.taap.2007.03.026 VL - 221 IS - 3 SP - 320-328 SN - 1096-0333 UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000247278800007&KeyUID=WOS:000247278800007 KW - skin permeability KW - predictive model KW - membrane-coated fiber KW - distribution coefficients KW - percutaneous absorption ER - TY - JOUR TI - Veterinary contributions to wildlife biology: Participation in avian field studies in Alaska AU - Degernes, L. A. T2 - Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery AB - This report describes the author's experiences in participating in avian research during 3 field seasons in remote areas in Prince William Sound (PWS), located in south-central Alaska. Veterinary support was needed to biopsy the livers of nestling and adult pigeon guillemots (Cepphus columba) and adult black oystercatchers (Haematopus bachmani). These surgeries were part of larger research studies investigating guillemot and oystercatcher populations and possible continued exposure to residual crude oil in the marine environment after the Exxon Valdez oil spill in PWS in 1989. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// DO - 10.1647/1082-6742(2007)21[63:VCTWBP]2.0.CO;2 VL - 21 IS - 1 SP - 63-68 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Variables influencing interactions of untargeted quantum dot nanoparticles with skin cells and identification of biochemical modulators AU - Ryman-Rasmussen, Jessica P. AU - Riviere, Jim E. AU - Monteiro-Riviere, Nancy A. T2 - NANO LETTERS AB - Skin cells (NHEK) take up untargeted quantum dots (QD) with surface polyethylene glycol (PEG), amines, and carboxylic acids, but the mechanisms are unknown. Time courses of QD−NHEK interactions were determined and effects of QD surface coating, temperature, culture medium supplements and inhibitors of the cell cycle and endocytosis identified. The magnitude of QD−NHEK interactions was coating dependent. Low-temperature or unsupplemented medium decreased QD−NHEK interactions. Biochemical inhibitors were identified that attenuate and potentiate QD−NHEK interactions. These results are important for understanding and controlling interactions of untargeted QD with cells. DA - 2007/5// PY - 2007/5// DO - 10.1021/nl070375j VL - 7 IS - 5 SP - 1344-1348 SN - 1530-6992 UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000246313000041&KeyUID=WOS:000246313000041 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Use of an insect cell culture growth medium to isolate bacteria from horses with effusive, fibrinous pericarditis: A preliminary study AU - Jones, Samuel L. AU - Valenzisi, Amy AU - Sontakke, Sushama AU - Sprayberry, Kimberly A. AU - Maggi, Ricardo AU - Hegarty, Barbara AU - Breitschwerdt, Edward T2 - Veterinary Microbiology AB - Effusive, fibrinous pericarditis is an uncommon disease entity in horses. In 2001, pericarditis occurred in conjunction with an epizootic in central Kentucky that was associated with exposure to eastern tent caterpillars (ETCs). Bacterial isolation from equine pericardial fluid samples was attempted using an insect cell culture growth medium (ICCGM). Using previously cultured, stored frozen samples from four horses with fibrinous pericarditis, inoculation of 10% blood agar plates yielded no growth, whereas simultaneous inoculation of ICCGM resulted in the isolation of Proprionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus equorum, a Streptococcus sp. and Pseudomonas rhodesiae from pericardial fluid samples. A similar or novel caterpillar-associated bacteria was not identified; however, use of an ICCGM might enhance isolation of bacteria from equine pericardial fluid. DA - 2007/3// PY - 2007/3// DO - 10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.11.024 VL - 121 IS - 1-2 SP - 177-181 J2 - Veterinary Microbiology LA - en OP - SN - 0378-1135 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.11.024 DB - Crossref KW - insect cell culture medium KW - mare reproductive loss syndrome KW - 16S rDNA KW - DNA sequencing ER - TY - JOUR TI - The role of transcription in EGF- and FSH-mediated oocyte maturation in vitro AU - Farin, C. E. AU - Rodriguez, K. F. AU - Alexander, J. E. AU - Hockney, J. E. AU - Herrick, J. R. AU - Kennedy-Stoskopf, S. T2 - ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE AB - Understanding mechanisms responsible for meiotic resumption in mammalian oocytes is critical for the identification of strategies to enhance developmental competence of in vitro-matured oocytes. Improvement of in vitro oocyte maturation systems is dependent on a better understanding of mechanisms that regulate oocyte maturation both in vivo and in vitro as well as on the identification of methods to manipulate the meiotic progression of oocytes matured in vitro in a physiological manner. The purpose of this review is two-fold: first, to examine the mechanisms that underlie the acquisition of oocyte developmental competence and regulation of oocyte maturation in vivo and in vitro; second, to present data examining the role of transcription in mediating the ability of EGF and FSH to induce oocyte maturation in vitro. Results presented support the conclusions that (1) EGF-induced oocyte maturation does not require nascent gene transcription in both mice and domestic cats; (2) FSH requires gene transcription to induce oocyte maturation in both species; (3) EGF must be present in the maturation medium to optimize the effectiveness of FSH to promote oocyte maturation; (4) the mechanism used by FSH to induce oocyte maturation in vitro appears to predominate over that used by EGF when both EGF and FSH are present in maturation medium used for either murine or feline cumulus oocyte complexes. DA - 2007/3// PY - 2007/3// DO - 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2006.10.007 VL - 98 IS - 1-2 SP - 97-112 SN - 1873-2232 KW - meiosis KW - FSH KW - EGF KW - oocyte maturation KW - gene transcription ER - TY - JOUR TI - The role of p38 mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK) in the mechanism regulating cyclooxygenase gene expression in equine leukocytes AU - Eckert, Rachael E. AU - Neuder, Laura E. AU - Bell, Jennifer L. AU - Trujillo, Jennifer C. AU - Jones, Samuel L. T2 - VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY AB - The goal of this study was to define the role for p38 mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK) in the signaling mechanism regulating pro-inflammatory cyclooxygenase (COX) gene expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated equine leukocytes for the purposes of identifying novel targets for anti-inflammatory therapy in endotoxemic horses. The p38 MAPK has been shown to positively regulate inflammatory gene expression in human leukocytes and can be activated by a variety of stimuli including LPS, TNF-α, and IL-1. Activation-associated phosphorylated p38 MAPK has been implicated in the up-regulation of several inflammatory genes, including COX-2 which ultimately results in the production of prostanoids that are responsible for the pathophysiology associated with endotoxemia. Our hypothesis is that activation of p38 MAPK is essential for LPS-induced COX-2 expression in equine peripheral blood leukocytes. We tested our hypothesis by investigating the effects of the specific p38 MAPK inhibitors SB203580 and SB202190 on LPS-induced COX-2 protein expression and PGE2 production in equine leukocytes. LPS stimulation activated p38 MAPK and increased COX-2 expression in a dose-dependent manner with maximal activation observed after 30 min and 4 h, respectively, at a concentration of 10 ng/ml LPS. In contrast, LPS stimulation did not affect COX-1 protein expression. Pretreatment with SB203580 or SB202190 significantly inhibited LPS-induced activation-associated p38 MAPK phosphorylation, COX-2 mRNA and protein levels, and PGE2 production in equine leukocytes. Maximal inhibition of LPS-induced COX-2 protein expression was achieved at a concentration of 10 μM SB203580. We concluded that p38 MAPK is essential for LPS-induced COX-2 expression suggesting that p38 MAPK is a potential target for anti-inflammatory therapy during equine endotoxemia. DA - 2007/8/15/ PY - 2007/8/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.06.001 VL - 118 IS - 3-4 SP - 294-303 SN - 1873-2534 UR - http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/17614138 KW - other animals KW - endotoxin shock KW - lipopolysaccharide KW - inflammation ER - TY - JOUR TI - The latest developments in joint health support AU - Millis, D. AU - Canapp, S. O. AU - Lascelles, B. D. X. AU - Redfearn, C. M. AU - Wallace, L. J. T2 - Veterinary Technician DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// VL - 28 IS - 8 SP - A1-12 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Temporal and spatial variability in stable isotope compositions of a freshwater mussel: implications for biomonitoring and ecological studies AU - Gustafson, Lori AU - Showers, William AU - Kwak, Thomas AU - Levine, Jay AU - Stoskopf, Michael T2 - OECOLOGIA DA - 2007/5// PY - 2007/5// DO - 10.1007/s00442-006-0633-7 VL - 152 IS - 1 SP - 140-150 SN - 1432-1939 KW - Elliptio complanata KW - delta N-15 KW - delta C-13 KW - nutrient loading KW - tissue turnover KW - isotopic baseline ER - TY - JOUR TI - Regional parasite density in the skin of dogs with symptomatic canine leishmaniosis AU - Saridomichelakis, Manolis N. AU - Koutinas, Alexander F. AU - Olivry, Thierry AU - Dunston, Stan M. AU - Farmaki, Rania AU - Koutinas, Christos K. AU - Petanides, Theodoros T2 - VETERINARY DERMATOLOGY AB - In canine leishmaniosis, the parasitic density of the skin may be important for the infection of sandflies, and increased accumulation of inflammatory cells infected with Leishmania is believed to occur in dermal areas subjected to mechanical trauma. Parasite density and inflammatory responses in the upper and lower dermis of three body sites: flank (control site), dorsal muzzle (sandfly feeding site), and footpads (mechanical stress sites) were thus investigated in 15 dogs with symptomatic leishmaniosis. Parasite density did not differ between the control and tested sites or between the upper and lower dermis, apart from the footpads where it was higher in the upper dermis, and there was no correlation with severity of the macroscopic lesions or inflammatory infiltrate, except for the lower footpad dermis. No selective accumulation of the parasite in the muzzle that would favour its transmission to sandflies occurred, and the mechanical stress imposed on the footpads was not associated with increased parasitic density, or with inflammatory infiltrate. DA - 2007/8// PY - 2007/8// DO - 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2007.00597.x VL - 18 IS - 4 SP - 227-233 SN - 1365-3164 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34547370380&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Quantification of mucin gene expression in tracheobronchial epithelium of healthy dogs and dogs with chronic bronchitis AU - Hawkins, Eleanor C. AU - Birkenheuer, Adam J. AU - Marr, Henry S. AU - Rogala, Allison R. AU - Large, Edward E. AU - Adler, Kenneth B. T2 - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH AB - To develop a real-time PCR assay for the quantification of mucin gene expression in tracheobronchial brushing specimens from dogs and compare mucin gene expression in specimens from dogs with naturally occurring chronic bronchitis with that in specimens from healthy dogs.7 healthy dogs and 5 dogs with chronic bronchitis.Primers that were designed to span the predicted intron-exon boundaries of a canine MUC5AC-like gene were used to develop a real-time PCR assay for quantification of expression of that gene. Total mRNA was isolated from tracheobronchial brushing specimens obtained from dogs with and without bronchitis during anesthesia; MUC5AC-like gene expression in those samples was quantified by use of the real-time PCR assay.The PCR assay was sensitive and specific for the target sequence, the predicted amino acid sequence of which had greatest homology with human, porcine, and rat MUC5AC. The assay was able to quantify the target over a wide dynamic range. Dogs with chronic bronchitis had a 3.0-fold increase in the quantity of MUC5AC-like mRNA, compared with healthy dogs.The ability to measure mucin gene expression from tracheobronchial brushing specimens collected from client-owned dogs during routine bronchoscopy should prove to be a useful tool for the study of bronchitis in dogs and expand the usefulness of airway inflammation in dogs as a model for bronchitis in humans. DA - 2007/4// PY - 2007/4// DO - 10.2460/ajvr.68.4.435 VL - 68 IS - 4 SP - 435-440 SN - 1943-5681 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Prospective clinical evaluation of an ELISA B-type natriuretic peptide assay in the diagnosis of congestive heart failure in dogs presenting with cough or dyspnea AU - DeFrancesco, Teresa C. AU - Rush, John E. AU - Rozanski, Elizabeth A. AU - Hansen, Bernard D. AU - Keene, Bruce W. AU - Moore, Dominic T. AU - Atkins, Clarke E. T2 - JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE AB - Background:B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is increased in dogs with congestive heart failure (CHF). Hypothesis:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility of a novel canine-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of BNP for the diagnosis of CHF in dogs presenting with either cough or dyspnea. Animals:Three hundred and thirty dogs from 2 large university teaching hospitals. Methods:We prospectively measured plasma BNP concentrations in 3 groups of dogs: (1) normal adult dogs (n = 75), (2) dogs with asymptomatic heart disease (n = 76), and (3) dogs with cough or dyspnea (n = 179). The final diagnosis of dogs with cough or dyspnea and the severity of CHF (International Small Animal Cardiac Health Council Heart Failure Classification [ISACHC]) were determined by medical record review by a study cardiologist who was blinded to the results of the BNP assay. Results:Dogs with CHF had a higher median BNP concentration (24.6 pg/mL) than dogs with noncardiac causes of cough or dyspnea (2.6 pg/mL) (P < .0001). The area under the curve was 0.91 for the receiver operating curve analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of the BNP measurement to differentiate CHF from other causes of cough or dyspnea. The median BNP concentrations in dogs were 3.0 pg/mL with ISACHC I, 17.8 pg/mL with ISACHC II, and 30.5 pg/mL with ISACHC III. (P < .0001) Conclusion and Clinical Importance: Measurement of BNP is useful in establishing or in excluding the diagnosis of CHF in dogs with cough or dyspnea. B-type natriuretic peptide concentrations rose significantly as a function of severity of CHF. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// DO - 10.1892/0891-6640(2007)21[243:PCEOAE]2.0.CO;2 VL - 21 IS - 2 SP - 243-250 SN - 1939-1676 KW - brain natriuretic peptide KW - cardiac biomarkers KW - heart disease ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pathological fracture of the ulna due to osteosarcoma in an Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius) AU - Tuttle, A. D. AU - Frederico, L. AU - Linder, K. AU - Gunkel, C. AU - Remick, A. AU - Redding, R. T2 - VETERINARY RECORD AB - Veterinary RecordVolume 161, Issue 1 p. 30-33 Short Communication Pathological fracture of the ulna due to osteosarcoma in an Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius) A. D. Tuttle DVM, A. D. Tuttle DVM Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC, 27606 USASearch for more papers by this authorL. Frederico DVM, L. Frederico DVM Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC, 27606 USASearch for more papers by this authorK. Linder DVM, DACVP, K. Linder DVM, DACVP Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC, 27606 USASearch for more papers by this authorC. Gunkel DrMedVet, DACVA, Corresponding Author C. Gunkel DrMedVet, DACVA n/[email protected] Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC, 27606 USA Dr Gunkel's present address is Oregon State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 219 Magruder Street, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Dr Remick's present address is Biotechnics, LLC 310 Millstone Drive, Hillsborough, NC 27278, USA Dr Frederico's present address is 2753 Michelle Park, Lexington, KY 40511, USASearch for more papers by this authorA. Remick DVM, A. Remick DVM Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC, 27606 USASearch for more papers by this authorR. Redding DVM, DACVS, R. Redding DVM, DACVS Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC, 27606 USASearch for more papers by this author A. D. Tuttle DVM, A. D. Tuttle DVM Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC, 27606 USASearch for more papers by this authorL. Frederico DVM, L. Frederico DVM Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC, 27606 USASearch for more papers by this authorK. Linder DVM, DACVP, K. Linder DVM, DACVP Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC, 27606 USASearch for more papers by this authorC. Gunkel DrMedVet, DACVA, Corresponding Author C. Gunkel DrMedVet, DACVA n/[email protected] Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC, 27606 USA Dr Gunkel's present address is Oregon State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 219 Magruder Street, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Dr Remick's present address is Biotechnics, LLC 310 Millstone Drive, Hillsborough, NC 27278, USA Dr Frederico's present address is 2753 Michelle Park, Lexington, KY 40511, USASearch for more papers by this authorA. Remick DVM, A. Remick DVM Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC, 27606 USASearch for more papers by this authorR. Redding DVM, DACVS, R. Redding DVM, DACVS Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC, 27606 USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 07 July 2007 https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.161.1.30Citations: 2AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume161, Issue1July 2007Pages 30-33 RelatedInformation DA - 2007/7/7/ PY - 2007/7/7/ DO - 10.1136/vr.161.1.30 VL - 161 IS - 1 SP - 30-33 SN - 0042-4900 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nutritional value for swine of extruded corn and corn fractions obtained after dry milling AU - Muley, N. S. AU - Heugten, E. AU - Moeser, A. J. AU - Rausch, K. D. AU - Kempen, T. A. T. G. T2 - JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AB - The experiment was designed to assess whether corn fractions or extrusion of corn can result in feed ingredients with a greater nutritional value than corn. Corn grain (8.0% CP, 0.21% P, 9.8% NDF) was processed by extrusion (82.8 degrees C, 345 kPa steam pressure for 12 s) or by dry milling to derive fractions rich in germ (13.1% CP, 1.19% P, 17.2% NDF), hulls (8.1% CP, 0.27% P, 32.6% NDF), and endosperm, namely tails (6.6% CP, 0.07% P, 3.6% NDF) and throughs (7.4% CP, 0.15% P, 4.5% NDF). Relative recovery in each fraction was 16, 20, 44, and 20%, respectively. Ileal digestibility of DM, P, and amino acids was determined using diets containing 7.0% CP from soybean meal and 5.3% CP from one of the test products. To allow for determination of standardized ingredient, ileal digestibility, basal endogenous AA losses were determined using a protein-free diet (74.6% cornstarch and 18.7% sucrose). Soybean meal ileal digestibility was determined using a diet (12.3% CP) based on soybean meal (23.3%). Eight barrows (27 +/- 2 kg) fitted with T-cannulas were fed 8 experimental diets (5-d adaptation and 2-d collection period) such that each diet was evaluated in at least 5 barrows. Relative to corn (77.9 +/- 1.2%), ileal digestibility of DM was greater for extruded corn (82.5%; P = 0.02), tails (85.9%; P < 0.01), and throughs (85.0%; P < 0.01), but it was lower for hulls (62.2%; P < 0.01) and germ (51.1%; P < 0.01). For P, corn (41.6 +/- 9.5%), throughs (47.2%), and hulls (57.3%) had similar ileal digestibility, but germ (7.9%) had lower ileal digestibility (P = 0.02) than corn; tails (27.6%) and extruded corn (23.5%) were not different from corn or germ but were lower than throughs and hulls. For total AA, corn (84.7 +/- 2.4%), throughs (84.3%), and hulls (85.8%) had similar ileal digestibility, but germ (76.6%) had lower ileal digestibility (P < 0.01) than corn; tails (82.0%) and extruded corn (81.7%) were intermediate. In conclusion, germ and hulls have a low ileal DM digestibility; germ also has low AA and P digestibility. Extrusion improved the ileal DM digestibility of corn. To maximize the ileal digestibility, removal of germ and hull from corn or extrusion of corn may thus be of interest. DA - 2007/7// PY - 2007/7// DO - 10.2527/jas.2006-127 VL - 85 IS - 7 SP - 1695-1701 SN - 1525-3163 KW - amino acid KW - corn KW - dry matter KW - ileal digestibility KW - phosphorus KW - swine ER - TY - JOUR TI - Intramedullary cavernous malformation of the spinal cord in two dogs AU - Mackillop, E. AU - Olby, N. J. AU - Linder, K. E. AU - Brown, T. T. T2 - VETERINARY PATHOLOGY AB - Intramedullary cavernous malformations (CVMs) of the spinal cord were diagnosed in 2 adult dogs that presented for paraparesis. An intramedullary spinal cord lesion was identified on a myelogram in the first dog, and expansion of the vertebral canal was evident on radiographs in the second. Extensive intraparenchymal hemorrhage was found on gross postmortem examination in both dogs, and a distinct lobulated intramedullary mass was evident in the second dog. Microscopically, both lesions were composed of dilated, thin-walled vascular channels with little-to-no intervening neural parenchyma. Both dogs had evidence of channel thrombosis along with perilesional hemorrhage and hemosiderin accumulation. The second dog had additional degenerative changes, including thickened fibrous channel walls with hyalinization, foci of mineralization, and occasional tongues of entrapped gliotic neuropil. CVMs appear to be an uncommon cause of both acute and chronic spinal cord disease in the dog. DA - 2007/7// PY - 2007/7// DO - 10.1354/vp.44-4-528 VL - 44 IS - 4 SP - 528-532 SN - 1544-2217 KW - cavernous hemangioma KW - hemorrhage KW - spinal cord KW - vascular malformation ER - TY - JOUR TI - History AU - Boss, Mary-Keara T2 - JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION DA - 2007/4/1/ PY - 2007/4/1/ DO - 10.2460/javma.230.7.995 VL - 230 IS - 7 SP - 995-996 SN - 0003-1488 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Design and testing of a natural dirofilaria immitis infection model to evaluate the safety of an imidacloprid plus moxidectin combination in cats AU - Arther, R. G. AU - AtkinS, C. AU - Ciszewski, D. K. AU - Davis, W. L. AU - Settje, T. L. T2 - PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH DA - 2007/8// PY - 2007/8// DO - 10.1007/s00436-007-0613-9 VL - 101 SP - S69-S76 SN - 1432-1955 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Deep and superficial skin scrapings from a feline immunodeficiency virus-positive cat AU - Neel, Jennifer A. AU - Tarigo, Jaime AU - Tater, Kathy C. AU - Grindem, Carol B. T2 - VETERINARY CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AB - Abstract An 8‐year‐old, neutered male, domestic shorthair cat housed at the North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory Animal Research facility as part of a research colony was examined because of mulifocal skin lesions. The lesions consisted of patchy alopecia with mild crusting of the periauricular region, neck, and dorsum; periauricular excoriations; marked dorsal seborrhea and scaling; and generalized erythematous papules. A moderate amount of ceruminous exudate was present in both ear canals. Results of testing for feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) were positive. An ear swab specimen and superficial and deep skin scrapings were obtained, mounted with oil on glass slides, and coverslipped for microscopic examination. Two populations of mites were observed: a large population of slender, long (∼200 μm), adult mites with long, tapering abdomens that comprised two‐thirds of the total body length; and a smaller population of more translucent and shorter mites (∼100 μm) with wide, blunt abdomens that had prominent transverse ridges. The interpretation was demodicosis, with Demodex cati and D gatoi co‐infection. Histologic sections of biopsies from skin lesions on the neck, dorsum, and periauricular area contained a mild perivascular and perifollicular inflammatory infiltrate composed predominantly of histiocytes, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. Diffusely within the follicular lumina and occasionally within the superficial keratin, a myriad of Demodex organisms were observed. Intrafollicular mites were compatible in appearance with D cati whereas those in the corneal layer were suggestive of D gatoi . Demodicosis is an uncommon disease of cats, and rare cases of dual infection have been documented, occasionally in FIV‐infected cats. The dual infection emphasizes the importance of doing both superficial and deep skin scrapings and of recognizing the unique microscopic features of different Demodex mites. DA - 2007/3// PY - 2007/3// DO - 10.1111/j.1939-165X.2007.tb00191.x VL - 36 IS - 1 SP - 101-104 SN - 0275-6382 KW - cat KW - demodicosis KW - feline immunodeficiency virus ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cystoscopic-guided balloon dilation of a urethral stricture in a female dog AU - Wood, M. W. AU - Vaden, S. AU - Cerda-Gonzalez, S. AU - Keene, B. T2 - Canadian Veterinary Journal DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// VL - 48 IS - 7 SP - 731-733 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cardiovascular effects of acute pulmonary obstruction in horses with recurrent airway obstruction AU - Johansson, Anna M. AU - Gardner, Sarah Y. AU - Atkins, Clarke E. AU - LaFevers, D. Heath AU - Breuhaus, Babetta A. T2 - JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE AB - Recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) is common in horses. Although pulmonary artery (PA) pressure increases during RAO, cardiac function in horses with RAO has received limited attention.The purpose of this study was to noninvasively determine the cardiovascular effects of acute pulmonary obstruction (APO) in horses with RAO and their reversibility.Five geldings with RAO, inducible by exposure to moldy hay, were studied.Pulmonary mechanics, echocardiography, serum troponin I concentrations, arterial blood gases, and hematocrit were obtained before and after 7 days of APO. Heart rate, PA diameter and flow characteristics, right and left ventricular luminal dimensions and wall thicknesses, global cardiac performance, and evidence of myocardial damage were evaluated. Pulmonary mechanics and echocardiography were reevaluated during remission.[corrected] Severe, transient APO did not induce chronic cor pulmonale in horses, because cardiac anatomy and function were normal between episodes. An acute episode of APO produced anatomical and functional cardiac changes in both the right and left heart (including increased PA diameter, abnormal septal motion, and decreased left ventricular diameter and estimated stroke volume), possibly because of the development of pulmonary hypertension, without apparent myocardial damage. The decrease in stroke volume was offset by the increase in heart rate.With APO of 7 days' duration, cardiovascular abnormalities and the functional airway changes that produce them are reversible when the offending allergens are removed. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// DO - 10.1892/0891-6640(2007)21[302:CEOAPO]2.0.CO;2 VL - 21 IS - 2 SP - 302-307 SN - 0891-6640 KW - cardiac KW - echocardiogram KW - equine KW - heaves ER - TY - JOUR TI - Canine hyperplastic intraepidermal pustular and suprabasal acantholytic dermatosis with features of human pemphigus vegetans AU - Heimann, M. AU - Beco, L. AU - Petein, M. AU - Nishifuji, K. AU - Amagai, M. AU - Olivry, D. T. T2 - VETERINARY PATHOLOGY AB - Pemphigus vegetans is a rare autoimmune blistering acantholytic dermatosis of humans that combines unusually hyperplastic and verrucous pustular skin lesions and mucosal erosions. We report herein the clinical, histopathologic, and immunologic findings in a dog whose lesions resembled, but were not identical to, those of human pemphigus vegetans. A 4-year-old male Greater Swiss Mountain Dog presented with multifocal cutaneous verrucous and crusted papules and pustules, as well as skin and mucosal erosions and ulcers. Microscopic lesions consisted of exophytic papillated epidermal hyperplasia, superficial and deep intraepidermal acantholytic neutrophilic and eosinophilic pustules, and suprabasal epidermal clefts leaving rounded basal keratinocytes at the bottom of the vesicles. Direct and indirect immunofluorescence revealed antikeratinocyte IgG autoantibodies. Immunoprecipitation immunoblotting and immunoabsorption experiments with recombinant canine desmogleins confirmed that autoantibodies recognized desmoglein-1. In this dog, clinical and histopathologic features resembled those of human pemphigus vegetans, while circulating autoantibodies against canine desmoglein-1 were solely identified. This antigen target is different from that of the human disease in which antidesmoglein-3 autoantibodies are detected most commonly. DA - 2007/7// PY - 2007/7// DO - 10.1354/vp.44-4-550 VL - 44 IS - 4 SP - 550-555 SN - 0300-9858 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34447128185&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - acantholysis KW - autoimmunity KW - blistering dermatoses KW - canines KW - desmoglein KW - desmosome KW - dogs KW - epidermis KW - pemphigus KW - skin ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bilateral occurrence of granulosa-theca cell tumors in an Arabian mare AU - Frederico, L. M. AU - Gerard, M. P. AU - Pinto, C. R. F. AU - Gradil, C. M. T2 - Canadian Veterinary Journal DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// VL - 48 IS - 5 SP - 502-505 ER - TY - JOUR TI - BartonellaSpecies in Blood of Immunocompetent Persons with Animal and Arthropod Contact AU - Breitschwerdt, Edward B. AU - Maggi, Ricardo G. AU - Duncan, Ashlee W. AU - Nicholson, William L. AU - Hegarty, Barbara C. AU - Woods, Christopher W. T2 - Emerging Infectious Diseases AB - Using PCR in conjunction with pre-enrichment culture, we detected Bartonella henselae and B. vinsonii subspecies berkhoffii in the blood of 14 immunocompetent persons who had frequent animal contact and arthropod exposure. DA - 2007/6// PY - 2007/6// DO - 10.3201/eid1306.061337 VL - 13 IS - 6 SP - 938-941 J2 - Emerg. Infect. Dis. OP - SN - 1080-6040 1080-6059 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1306.061337 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bartonella vinsonii subsp berkhoffii endocarditis in a dog from Saskatchewan AU - Cockwill, K. R. AU - Taylor, S. M. AU - Phillbert, H. M. AU - Breitschwerdt, E. B. AU - Maggi, R. G. T2 - Canadian Veterinary Journal DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// VL - 48 IS - 8 SP - 839-844 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bartonella DNA in Loggerhead Sea Turtles AU - Valentine, K. Hope AU - Harms, Craig A. AU - Cadenas, Maria B. AU - Birkenheuer, Adam J. AU - Marr, Henry S. AU - Braun-McNeill, Joanne AU - Maggi, Ricardo G. AU - Breitschwerdt, Edward B. T2 - Emerging Infectious Diseases AB - To the Editor: Bartonella are fastidious, aerobic, gram-negative, facultative, intracellular bacteria that infect erythrocytes, erythroblasts, endothelial cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells, and are transmitted by arthropod vectors or by animal scratches or bites (1–6). Currently, 20 species or subspecies of Bartonella have been characterized, of which 8 are known zoonotic pathogens (7). B. henselae has been recently identified from canine blood (8) and from harbor porpoises (9). Pathogenic bacteria are an important threat in terrestrial and marine environments, and in the case of B. henselae, reservoir hosts may be more diverse than currently recognized. DA - 2007/6// PY - 2007/6// DO - 10.3201/eid1306.061551 VL - 13 IS - 6 SP - 949–950 SN - 1080-6040 1080-6059 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1306.061551 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Vertebral stabilization using positively threaded profile pins and polymethylmethacrylate, with or without laminectomy, for spinal canal stenosis and vertebral instability caused by congenital thoracic vertebral anomalies AU - Aikawa, Takeshi AU - Kanazono, Shinichi AU - Yoshigae, Yuki AU - Sharp, Nicholas J. H. AU - Munana, Karen R. T2 - VETERINARY SURGERY AB - To describe diagnostic findings, surgical technique, and outcome in dogs with thoracic spinal canal stenosis and vertebral instability secondary to congenital vertebral anomalies.Retrospective clinical study.Dogs (n=9) with thoracic spinal canal stenosis.Medical records (1995-1996; 2000-2006) of 9 dogs with a myelographic diagnosis of spinal canal stenosis and/or vertebral instability secondary to congenital vertebral anomaly that were surgically managed by vertebral stabilization with or without laminectomy were reviewed. Data on pre- and postoperative neurologic status, diagnostic findings, surgical techniques, and outcomes were retrieved. Follow-up evaluations were performed at 1, 2, and 6 months. Long-term outcome was assessed by means of clinical examination or owner telephone interviews.Spinal cord compression was confirmed by myelography, and in 2 dogs, dynamic compression by stress myelography. Eight dogs regained the ability to ambulate postoperatively. One dog with a partial recovery regained voluntary movement but did not become ambulatory.Spinal cord injury secondary to congenital vertebral anomaly may have a good outcome when treated by vertebral stabilization with or without laminectomy. Adequate stabilization of the vertebrae and improved neurologic outcome were achieved in most dogs.Vertebral stabilization using positively threaded profile pins and polymethylmethacrylate with or without laminectomy is an effective treatment for spinal canal stenosis and vertebral instability secondary to congenital thoracic vertebral anomalies. DA - 2007/7// PY - 2007/7// DO - 10.1111/j.1532-950X.2007.00289.x VL - 36 IS - 5 SP - 432-441 SN - 0161-3499 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34547321877&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Validity of goniometric joint measurements in cats AU - Jaeger, Gayle H. AU - Marcellin-Little, Denis J. AU - DePuy, Venita AU - Lascelles, B. Duncan X. T2 - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH AB - To compare and validate goniometric joint measurements obtained from nonsedated and sedated cats with measurements from radiographic evaluation.20 adult cats with no evidence of joint disease.Measurements of flexion and extension of the carpus, elbow, shoulder, tarsus, stifle, and hip joints and of carpal and tarsal joints during varus and valgus angulation were made by a single investigator before and after sedation of cats. Measurements were made by use of a goniometer with a masked dial. Joint angle measurements were compared between nonsedated and sedated cats and also with measurements from radiographs made while cats were sedated. Each series of measurements was repeated 4 times. To evaluate repeatability, Cronbach alpha values were calculated for repeated measure results of goniometric joint measurements of nonsedated and sedated cats. An intraclass correlation was calculated to determine reliability among the 3 measurement types (ie, measurements from nonsedated and sedated cats and on radiographic evaluation).Joint measurements did not differ significantly by measurement type, when comparing radiographic measurements with goniometric measurements in sedated and nonsedated cats. Cronbach alpha values were > 0.99 for goniometric joint measurements within individual nonsedated and sedated cats and also for comparison of mean measurements obtained from sedated cats versus nonsedated cats versus radiographs. An intraclass correlation of 0.999 revealed high reliability among measurement types.Results indicated that goniometric joint measurements in nonsedated and sedated cats are repeatable and valid. DA - 2007/8// PY - 2007/8// DO - 10.2460/ajvr.68.8.822 VL - 68 IS - 8 SP - 822-826 SN - 0002-9645 UR - https://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.68.8.822 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Science, medicine, academia, and the future of the ACVIM AU - Toll, J. AU - Breitschwerdt, Edward T2 - Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine AB - Journal of Veterinary Internal MedicineVolume 21, Issue 3 p. 364-366 Open Access Science, Medicine, Academia, and the Future of the ACVIM Jeffrey Toll VMD, DACVIM, Jeffrey Toll VMD, DACVIM President, ACVIM Foundation Board of Directors Veterinary Specialists of South Florida Cooper City, FLSearch for more papers by this authorEdward B. Breitschwerdt DVM, DACVIM, Edward B. Breitschwerdt DVM, DACVIM Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University Raleigh, NCSearch for more papers by this author Jeffrey Toll VMD, DACVIM, Jeffrey Toll VMD, DACVIM President, ACVIM Foundation Board of Directors Veterinary Specialists of South Florida Cooper City, FLSearch for more papers by this authorEdward B. Breitschwerdt DVM, DACVIM, Edward B. Breitschwerdt DVM, DACVIM Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University Raleigh, NCSearch for more papers by this author First published: 05 February 2008 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2007.tb02977.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. References 1 Krook L. (1957). The pathology of renal cortical hypoplasia in the dog. Nord Vet Med 1957; 9: 161– 176. 2 ACVIM. American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Constitution: Article III, subsection c. Available at: http:www.acvim.org. 3 National Institutes of Health, NIH Roadmap for Medical Research. Available at: http:nihroadmap.nih.gov. 4 National Research Council of the National Academies, Critical Needs for Research in Veterinary Science Washington , DC : National Academies Press; 2005. 5 Hubbell JA, Richardson RC, Heider LE. Workforce needs for clinical specialists at colleges and schools of veterinary medicine in North America. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2006; 229: 1580– 1583. 6 Marshak RR. Veterinary schools and the profession: A search for bearings in the new century. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2005; 227: 1234– 1238. 7 Pritchard W. Future Directions for Veterinary Medicine. Pew National Veterinary Education Program, 1989. 8 ACVIM., American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Foundation Membership Survey, June 2006. Lakewood , CO : American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine; 2006. 9 Schwabe CW. Veterinary Medicine and Human Health, 3rd ed. Baltimore , MD : Williams & Wilkins; 1984. 10 ACVIM. Proceedings of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Board of Regents Mid-Year Meeting. Lakewood, CO, November 2006. 11 Breitschwerdt EB. Who is responsible for the science of veterinary internal medicine [letter] J Vet Int Med 1991; 5: 358– 359. Volume21, Issue3May 2007Pages 364-366 ReferencesRelatedInformation DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// DO - 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2007.tb02977.x VL - 21 IS - 3 SP - 364–366 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Preputial melanoma with systemic metastasis in a pony gelding and disseminated metastatic melanoma in a Thoroughbred gelding AU - Garvican, E. R. AU - Elce, Y. A. AU - Woolard, K. AU - Blikslager, A. T. T2 - EQUINE VETERINARY EDUCATION AB - Equine Veterinary EducationVolume 19, Issue 6 p. 312-315 Full Access Preputial melanoma with systemic metastasis in a pony gelding and disseminated metastatic melanoma in a Thoroughbred gelding E. R. Garvican, Corresponding Author E. R. Garvican North Carolina State University, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA The University of Liverpool Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Leahurst, Neston, Cheshire CH64 7TE, UK*North Carolina State University, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USASearch for more papers by this authorY. A. Elce, Y. A. Elce North Carolina State University, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USASearch for more papers by this authorK. Woolard, K. Woolard North Carolina State University, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USASearch for more papers by this authorA. T. Blikslager, A. T. Blikslager North Carolina State University, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USASearch for more papers by this author E. R. Garvican, Corresponding Author E. R. Garvican North Carolina State University, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA The University of Liverpool Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Leahurst, Neston, Cheshire CH64 7TE, UK*North Carolina State University, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USASearch for more papers by this authorY. A. Elce, Y. A. Elce North Carolina State University, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USASearch for more papers by this authorK. Woolard, K. Woolard North Carolina State University, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USASearch for more papers by this authorA. T. Blikslager, A. T. Blikslager North Carolina State University, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 05 January 2010 https://doi.org/10.2746/095777307X207646Citations: 4 AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References Doles, J., Williams, J.W. and Yarbrough, T.B. (2001) Penile amputation and sheath ablation in the horse. Vet. Surg. 30, 327–331. Johnson, P.J. (1998) Dermatologic tumours (excluding sarcoids). Vet. Clin. N. Am.: Equine Pract. 14, 643–658. Kirker-Head, C.A., Loeffler, D. and Held, J.P. (1985) Pelvic limb lameness due to malignant melanoma in a horse. J. Am. vet. med. Ass. 186, 1215–1217. MacGillivray, K.C., Sweeney, R.W. and Del Piero, F. (2002) Metastatic melanoma in horses. J. vet. int. Med. 16, 452–456. Mair, T.S., Walmsley, J.P. and Phillips, T.J. (2000) Surgical treatment of 45 horses affected by squamous cell carcinoma of the penis and prepuce. Equine vet. J. 32, 406–410. Markel, M.D., Wheat, J.D. and Jones, K. (1988) Genital neoplasms treated by en bloc resection and penile retroversion in horses: 10 cases (1977–1986). J. Am. vet. med. Ass. 192, 396–400. McFadyean, J. (1933) Equine melanomatosis. J. comp. Pathol. 46, 186–204. Patterson, L.J., May, S.A. and Baker, J.R. (1990) Skeletal metastasis of a penile squamous cell carcinoma. Vet. Rec. 126, 579–580. Patterson-Kane, J.C., Sanchez, L.C., Uhl, E.W. and Edens, L.M. (2001) Disseminated metastatic intramedullary melanoma in an aged grey horse. J. comp. Pathol. 125, 204–207. Tarrant, J., Stokol, T., Bartol, J., Wakshlag, J. and Blue, J. (2001) Diagnosis of malignant melanoma in a horse from cytology of body cavity fluid and blood. Equine vet. J. 33, 531–535. Valentine, B.A. (1995) Equine melanocytic tumours: A retrospective study of 53 horses (1988 to 1991). J. vet. int. Med. 9, 291–297. Citing Literature Volume19, Issue6July 2007Pages 312-315 ReferencesRelatedInformation DA - 2007/7// PY - 2007/7// DO - 10.2746/095777307x207646 VL - 19 IS - 6 SP - 312-315 SN - 2042-3292 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34447558345&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - horse KW - melanoma KW - metastasis KW - tumour KW - penis ER - TY - JOUR TI - Phenolic acid content and composition in leaves and roots of common commercial sweetpotato (Ipomea batatas L.) cultivars in the United States AU - Truong, V.-D. AU - McFeeters, R. F. AU - Thompson, R. T. AU - Dean, L. L. AU - Shofran, B. T2 - JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AB - Phenolic acids in commercially important sweet potato cultivars grown in the United States were analyzed using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, and 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid were well separated with an isocratic elution in less than 25 min compared to about 120 min for analyzing and re-equilibrating the column with a gradient method. The isocratic elution order of these caffeoylquinic acid derivatives was confirmed by LC-MS/MS. Chlorogenic acid was the highest in root tissues, while 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid and/or 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid were predominant in the leaves. Steam cooking resulted in statistically nonsignificant increases in the concentration of total phenolics and all the individual phenolic acids identified. Sweetpotato leaves had the highest phenolic acid content followed by the peel, whole root, and flesh tissues. However, there was no significant difference in the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity between purees made from the whole and peeled sweet potatoes. DA - 2007/8// PY - 2007/8// DO - 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00415.x VL - 72 IS - 6 SP - C343-C349 SN - 1750-3841 KW - caffeoylquinic acid derivatives KW - liquid chromatography KW - mass spectrometry KW - sweet potatoes KW - total phenolics ER - TY - JOUR TI - Internal fixation of a femur fracture in an American bullfrog AU - Royal, Lillian W. AU - Grafinger, Michael S. AU - Lascelles, B. Duncan X. AU - Lewbart, Gregory A. AU - Christian, Larry S. T2 - JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION AB - Abstract Case Description —An adult male American bullfrog ( Rana catesbeiana ) was evaluated by the North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine's Turtle Rescue Team following vehicular trauma. Clinical Findings —A fracture of the left femur was suspected on examination and palpation of the hind limbs, but no other injuries or abnormalities were detected. While the bullfrog was sedated, whole-body radiographic views were obtained, which revealed a closed midshaft comminuted fracture of the left femur. Treatment and Outcome —The fracture was repaired by use of an internal fixation technique that included Kirschner wires, a positive-profile pin secured along the femur with encircling sutures, and polymethylmethacrylate molded around the entire apparatus. There were no major complications during the postoperative rehabilitation period. One year after surgery, radiography revealed complete fracture healing and the bullfrog was released back into the wild. Clinical Relevance —Presently, there are no widely accepted methods for fracture fixation in amphibians. Factors associated with their aquatic environment and lengthy fracture healing time must be addressed when planning fracture fixation strategies. In the bullfrog of this report, the applied internal fixation method provided effective long-term stabilization of the femur, allowed for normal movement, and enabled the bullfrog to be housed in an aquatic environment immediately after surgery. DA - 2007/4/15/ PY - 2007/4/15/ DO - 10.2460/javma.230.8.1201 VL - 230 IS - 8 SP - 1201-1204 SN - 0003-1488 UR - https://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.230.8.1201 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Guidelines for the identification, evaluation, and management of systemic hypertension in dogs and cats AU - Brown, S. AU - Atkins, C. AU - Bagley, R. AU - Carr, A. AU - Cowgill, L. AU - Davidson, M. AU - Egner, B. AU - Elliott, J. AU - Henik, R. AU - Labato, M. AU - Littman, M. AU - Polzin, D. AU - Ross, L. AU - Snyder, P. AU - Stepien, R. T2 - Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine AB - Consensus Statements of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) provide veterinarians with guidelines regarding the pathophysiology, diagnosis, or treatment of animal diseases. The foundation of the Consensus Statement is evidence‐based medicine, but if such evidence is conflicting or lacking, the panel provides interpretive recommendations on the basis of their collective expertise. The Consensus Statement is intended to be a guide for veterinarians, but it is not a statement of standard of care or a substitute for clinical judgment. Topics of statements and panel members to draft the statements are selected by the Board of Regents with input from the general membership. A draft prepared and input from Diplomates is solicited at the ACVIM Forum and via the ACVIM Web site and incorporated in a final version. This Consensus Statement was approved by the Board of Regents of the ACVIM before publication. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// DO - 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2007.tb03005.x VL - 21 IS - 3 SP - 542-558 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluation of client-specific outcome measures and activity monitoring to measure pain relief in cats with osteoarthritis AU - Lascelles, B. Duncan X. AU - Hansen, Bernie D. AU - Roe, Simon AU - Depuy, Venita AU - Thomson, Andrea AU - Pierce, Courtney C. AU - Smith, Eric S. AU - Rowinski, Elizabeth T2 - JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE AB - There are no validated systems for measuring pain from osteoarthritis in cats.Owner subjective assessments and an activity monitor (AM) can be used to detect pain in cats with osteoarthritis and to assess efficacy of treatments.Thirteen cats older than 10 years old, with owner-assessed decreases in activity, painful arthritic joints, and clinically normal blood work were included and evaluated for 3 weeks.A collar-mounted AM measured activity and a client-specific outcome measure (CSOM) questionnaire characterized the severity of impairment. Overall global quality of life was also evaluated for each treatment. In weeks 2 and 3, meloxicam (0.1 mg/kg, day 1; 0.05 mg/kg, days 2-5) or a placebo was administered in a blinded, randomized, cross-over manner to test the assessment systems.The cats had a median of 4 arthritic appendicular joints. Activity counts for the week when cats (complete data on activity; n=9) were administered meloxicam were significantly higher than at baseline (P = .02) but not after placebo (P = .06). Baseline activity counts were not significantly different from placebo (P = .6). The CSOM data (n=13) showed that owners considered their cats to be more active on meloxicam compared with baseline (P = .001) and placebo (P < .004), and more active on placebo than at baseline (P < .01). Global quality of life improved significantly with meloxicam (P < .042).Both an AM and a CSOM system can detect behavior associated with pain relief in cats that are arthritic. Objective activity data might allow subjective assessment systems to be validated for use in clinical studies. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// DO - 10.1892/0891-6640(2007)21[410:EOCOMA]2.0.CO;2 VL - 21 IS - 3 SP - 410-416 SN - 1939-1676 KW - activity KW - degenerative joint disease KW - feline KW - owner KW - subjective assessment ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor meloxicam on recovery of ischemia-injured equine jejunum AU - Little, Dianne AU - Brown, S. Aubrey AU - Campbell, Nigel B. AU - Moeser, Adam J. AU - Davis, Jennifer L. AU - Blikslager, Anthony T. T2 - American Journal of Veterinary Research AB - To determine the effect of meloxicam and flunixin meglumine on recovery of ischemia-injured equine jejunum.18 horses.Horses received butorphanol tartrate; were treated IV with saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (SS; 12 mL; n = 6), flunixin meglumine (1.1 mg/kg; 6), or meloxicam (0.6 mg/kg; 6) 1 hour before ischemia was induced for 2 hours in a portion of jejunum; and were allowed to recover for 18 hours. Flunixin and SS treatments were repeated after 12 hours; all 3 treatments were administered immediately prior to euthanasia. Selected clinical variables, postoperative pain scores, and meloxicam pharmacokinetic data were evaluated. After euthanasia, assessment of epithelial barrier function, histologic evaluation, and western blot analysis of ischemia-injured and control jejunal mucosa samples from the 3 groups were performed.Meloxicam- or flunixin-treated horses had improved postoperative pain scores and clinical variables, compared with SS-treated horses. Recovery of transepithelial barrier function in ischemia-injured jejunum was inhibited by flunixin but permitted similarly by meloxicam and SS treatments. Eighteen hours after cessation of ischemia, numbers of neutrophils in ischemia-injured tissue were higher in horses treated with meloxicam or flunixin than SS. Plasma meloxicam concentrations were similar to those reported previously, but clearance was slower. Changes in expression of proteins associated with inflammatory responses to ischemic injury and with different drug treatments occurred, suggesting cyclooxygenase-independent effects.Although further assessment is needed, these data have suggested that IV administration of meloxicam may be a useful alternative to flunixin meglumine for postoperative treatment of horses with colic. DA - 2007/6// PY - 2007/6// DO - 10.2460/ajvr.68.6.614 VL - 68 IS - 6 SP - 614-624 J2 - American Journal of Veterinary Research LA - en OP - SN - 0002-9645 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.68.6.614 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cyclooxygenase (COX) Inhibitors and the Intestine AU - Little, Dianne AU - Jones, Samuel L. AU - Blikslager, Anthony T. T2 - Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine AB - Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have long been used for the treatment of pain and inflammation because of their inhibitory effects on cyclooxygenase (COX). For almost as long as NSAIDs have been in use, multiple adverse effects have been noted. Assessment of many of these adverse effects have been complicated because of the discovery of multiple splice variants of the cox gene, and a greater array of COX inhibitors, especially the COX‐2 selective inhibitors have become available. Some of these adverse effects cannot be readily explained by the effect of these drugs on COX. This has sparked a new field of investigation into the COX‐independent effects of the COX inhibitors. The major noncyclooxygenase targets of the COX inhibitors of particular relevance to inflammation and the gastrointestinal tract are phosphatidylinositol 3'‐kinase Akt signaling, uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, PPARγ, nuclear factor kB, mitogen activated protein kinases, and heat shock proteins. DA - 2007/5// PY - 2007/5// DO - 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2007.tb02978.x VL - 21 IS - 3 SP - 367-377 LA - en OP - SN - 0891-6640 1939-1676 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2007.tb02978.x DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparison of diagnostic anaesthetic techniques of the proximal plantar metatarsus in the horse AU - Gayle, J. M. AU - Redding, W. R. T2 - EQUINE VETERINARY EDUCATION AB - Equine Veterinary EducationVolume 19, Issue 4 p. 222-224 Comparison of diagnostic anaesthetic techniques of the proximal plantar metatarsus in the horse J. M. Gayle, J. M. Gayle Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA New England Equine Practice, 310 Peach Lake Road, Brewster, New York 10509, USASearch for more papers by this authorW. R. Redding, Corresponding Author W. R. Redding Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA*Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USASearch for more papers by this author J. M. Gayle, J. M. Gayle Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA New England Equine Practice, 310 Peach Lake Road, Brewster, New York 10509, USASearch for more papers by this authorW. R. Redding, Corresponding Author W. R. Redding Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA*Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 05 January 2010 https://doi.org/10.2746/095777307X194902Citations: 10 AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume19, Issue4May 2007Pages 222-224 RelatedInformation DA - 2007/5// PY - 2007/5// DO - 10.2746/095777307X194902 VL - 19 IS - 4 SP - 222-224 SN - 0957-7734 KW - horse KW - proximal suspensory KW - regional anaesthesia KW - hindlimb lameness ER - TY - JOUR TI - Biological interactions of functionalized single-wall carbon nanotubes in human epidermal keratinocytes AU - Zhang, Leshuai W. AU - Zeng, Liling AU - Barron, Andrew R. AU - Monteiro-Riviere, Nancy A. T2 - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AB - Carbon nanotube–based nanovectors, especially functionalized nanotubes, have shown potential for therapeutic drug delivery. 6-Aminohexanoic acid–derivatized single-wall carbon nanotubes (AHA-SWNTs) are soluble in aqueous stock solutions over a wide range of physiologically relevant conditions; however, their interactions with cells and their biological compatibility has not been explored. Human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs) were dosed with AHA-SWNTs ranging in concentration from 0.00000005 to 0.05 mg/ml. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell viability decreased significantly ( p < .05) from 0.00005 to 0.05 mg/ml after 24 h. The proinflammatory mediators of inflammation cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- α, IL-10, and IL-1 β were also assessed. Cytokine analysis did not show a significant increase in IL-6 and IL-8 in the medium containing 0.000005 mg/ml of AHA-SWNTs from 1 to 48 h. IL-6 increased in cells treated with 0.05 mg/ml of AHA-SWNTs from 1 to 48 h, whereas IL-8 showed a significant increase at 24 and 48 h. No significant difference ( p < .05) was noted with TNF- α, IL-10, and IL-1 β expression at any time point. Transmission electron microscopy of HEKs treated with 0.05 mg/ml AHA-SWNTs for 24 h depicted AHA-SWNTs localized within intracytoplasmic vacuoles in HEKs. Treatment with the surfactant 1% Pluronic F127 caused dispersion of the AHA-SWNT aggregates in the culture medium and less toxicity. These data showed that the lower concentration of 0.000005 mg/ml of AHA-SWNTs maintains cell viability and induces a mild cytotoxicity, but 0.05 mg/ml of AHA-SWNTs demonstrated an irritation response by the increase in IL-8. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// DO - 10.1080/10915810701225133 VL - 26 IS - 2 SP - 103-113 SN - 1092-874X UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000245792700002&KeyUID=WOS:000245792700002 KW - cytokines KW - keratmocytes KW - nanomaterials KW - nanotoxicology KW - single-wall carbon nanotubes KW - skin ER - TY - JOUR TI - A highly specific PCR assay for detecting the fish ectoparasite Amyloodinium ocellatum AU - Levy, Michael G. AU - Poore, Matthew F. AU - Colorni, Angelo AU - Noga, Edward J. AU - Vandersea, Mark W. AU - Litaker, R. Wayne T2 - DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS AB - Amyloodiniosis, caused by the dinoflagellate ectoparasite Amyloodinium ocellatum, is one of the most serious diseases affecting marine fish in warm and temperate waters. Current diagnostic methods rely entirely on the microscopic identification of parasites on the skin or gills of infested fish. However, subclinical infestations usually go undetected, while no method of detecting the free-swimming, infective (dinospore) stage has been devised. Targeting the parasite's ribosomal DNA region, we have developed a sensitive and specific PCR assay that can detect as little as a single cell from any of the 3 stages of the parasite's life cycle (trophont, tomont, dinospore). This assay performs equally well in a simple artificial seawater medium and in natural seawater containing a plankton community assemblage. The assay is also not inhibited by gill tissue. Sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region of 5 A. ocellatum isolates, obtained from fish in the Red Sea (Israel), eastern Mediterranean Sea (Israel), Adriatic Sea (Italy), Gulf of Mexico (Florida), and from an unknown origin, revealed insignificant variation, indicating that all isolates were the same species. However, 3 of these isolates propagated in cell culture varied in behavior and morphology, and these differences were consistent during at least 2 yr in culture. Thus, our findings do not eliminate the possibility that different strains are in fact 'subspecies' or lower taxa, which may also differ in pathogenic and immunogenic characteristics, environmental tolerance, and other features. DA - 2007/1/18/ PY - 2007/1/18/ DO - 10.3354/dao073219 VL - 73 IS - 3 SP - 219-226 SN - 1616-1580 KW - amyloodiniosis KW - rDNA probe KW - epidemiology ER - TY - JOUR TI - What is your diagnosis? AU - Merlo, Jennifer L. AU - Breuhaus, Betta AU - Schramme, Michael T2 - JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION DA - 2007/1/15/ PY - 2007/1/15/ DO - 10.2460/javma.230.2.193 VL - 230 IS - 2 SP - 193-194 SN - 0003-1488 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Towards an in vivo biologically inspired nanofactory AU - LeDuc, Philip R. AU - Wong, Michael S. AU - Ferreira, Placid M. AU - Groff, Richard E. AU - Haslinger, Kiryn AU - Koonce, Michael P. AU - Lee, Woo Y. AU - Love, J. Christopher AU - McCammon, J. Andrew AU - Monteiro-Riviere, Nancy A. AU - Rotello, Vincent M. AU - Rubloff, Gary W. AU - Westervelt, Robert AU - Yoda, Minami T2 - NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY DA - 2007/1// PY - 2007/1// DO - 10.1038/nnano.2006.180 VL - 2 IS - 1 SP - 3-7 SN - 1748-3387 UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000243902900002&KeyUID=WOS:000243902900002 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The identification of a genetically unique piroplasma in North American river otters (Lontra canadensis) AU - Birkenheuer, A. J. AU - Harms, C. A. AU - Neel, J. AU - Marr, H. S. AU - Tucker, M. D. AU - Acton, A. E. AU - Tuttle, A. D. AU - Stoskopf, M. K. T2 - PARASITOLOGY AB - SUMMARY During a routine health check of a wild-caught North American river otter ( Lontra canadensis ) small piroplasms were noted within erythrocytes. Analyses of the 18S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene sequences determined that this was a genetically unique organism most closely related to Babesia microti -like parasites found in other small carnivores. Subsequently 39 wild-trapped North American river otters from North Carolina were tested for the presence of piroplasma deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) via polymerase chain reaction and piroplasma DNA was detected in 82% (32/39) of these samples. Sequencing of partial 18S rRNA genes from selected cases determined that they were identical to the sentinel case. This report documents the existence of a genetically unique piroplasma in North American river otters and indicates that the prevalence of piroplasma in North Carolina otters is quite high. The pathogenic potential of this organism for otters or other species remains unknown. DA - 2007/5// PY - 2007/5// DO - 10.1017/S0031182006002095 VL - 134 SP - 631-635 SN - 1469-8161 KW - Babesia KW - North American river otter KW - PCR KW - phylogenetics ER - TY - JOUR TI - The art of amphibian science - Introduction AU - Smith, Stephen A. AU - Stoskopf, Michael K. T2 - ILAR JOURNAL DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// DO - 10.1093/ilar.48.3.179 VL - 48 IS - 3 SP - 179-182 SN - 1930-6180 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Reliability of a quantitative rating scale for assessment of horses with distal tarsal osteoarthritis AU - Labens, Raphael AU - Innocent, Giles T. AU - Voute, Lance C. T2 - VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND AB - Various radiographic rating scales have been described for use in horses with distal tarsal osteoarthritis but little information is available on their reliability. The aim of this study was to develop a radiographic rating scale based on the results of an expert consultation process (the Delphi process), and to test the reliability of the radiographic rating scale. Seven radiographic features were identified as important indicators of distal tarsal osteoarthritis and these were then incorporated in the radiographic rating scale, which used a 100‐mm‐long visual analog scale. On two occasions nine equine veterinarians applied the radiographic rating scale, and a verbal descriptive rating scale, to three sets of tarsal radiographs, each comprising four standard radiographic views. Reliability was assessed using Bland–Altman plots and by calculating the 95% agreement limits. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to identify significant interactions between the ratings of different assessors made from different views and at each assessment. Rating of distal tarsal osteoarthritis was different for the nine assessors. The most precise second ratings were between 16 mm higher and 18 mm lower than the first. Significant variables were “joint,”“assessor,” and “assessment” (univariable ANOVA); and “joint and assessor” and “assessor and assessment” (multivariable ANOVA). The radiographic rating scale developed for interpretation of distal tarsal osteoarthritis was less reliable than a verbal descriptive rating scale. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// DO - 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2007.00230.x VL - 48 IS - 3 SP - 204-211 SN - 1058-8183 KW - delphi KW - distal tarsal joints KW - osteoarthritis KW - radiographic rating scale ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pharmacokinetics of etodolac in the horse following oral and intravenous administration AU - Davis, J. L. AU - Papich, M. G. AU - Morton, A. J. AU - Gayle, J. AU - Blikslager, A. T. AU - Campbell, N. B. T2 - Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of etodolac following oral and intravenous administration to six horses. Additionally, in vitro cyclooxygenase (COX) selectivity assays were performed using equine whole blood. Using a randomized two‐way crossover design, horses were administered etodolac (20 mg/kg) orally or intravenously, with a minimum 3‐week washout period. Plasma samples were collected after administration for analysis using high pressure liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Following intravenous administration, etodolac had a mean plasma half‐life ( t 1/2 ) of 2.67 h, volume of distribution ( V d ) of 0.29 L/kg and clearance ( Cl ) of 234.87 mL/h kg. Following oral administration, the average maximum plasma concentration ( C max ) was 32.57 μg/mL with a t 1/2 of 3.02 h. Bioavailability was approximately 77.02%. Results of in vitro COX selectivity assays showed that etodolac was only slightly selective for COX‐2 with a COX‐1/COX‐2 selectivity ratio effective concentration (EC) 50 of 4.32 and for EC 80 of 4.77. This study showed that etodolac is well absorbed in the horse after oral administration, and may offer a useful alternative for anti‐inflammatory treatment of various conditions in the horse. DA - 2007/2// PY - 2007/2// DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2007.00811.x VL - 30 IS - 1 SP - 43-48 J2 - J Vet Pharmacol Ther LA - en OP - SN - 0140-7783 1365-2885 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2885.2007.00811.x DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Isolation of Bartonella quintana from a woman and a cat following putative bite transmission AU - Breitschwerdt, Edward B. AU - Magi, Ricardo G. AU - Sigmon, Betsy AU - Nicholson, William L. T2 - JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AB - We report here the detection of Bartonella quintana, after putative bite transmission, in pre-enrichment blood cultures from a woman and from two feral barn cats. Prospective molecular epidemiological studies are necessary to characterize the risk of human Bartonella quintana infection following cat bites. DA - 2007/1// PY - 2007/1// DO - 10.1128/JCM.01451-06 VL - 45 IS - 1 SP - 270-272 SN - 1098-660X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Incorporating performance testing in test-driven development AU - Johnson, Michael J. AU - Maximilien, E. Michael AU - Ho, Chih-Wei AU - Williams, Laurie T2 - IEEE SOFTWARE AB - Performance design and performance testing are necessarily different from functional test case design. A rigorous test-driven design methodology isn't practical for all performance measurement. A test-first approach to performance provides some advantages in a TDD environment. Experience with applying early performance testing in a TDD framework for a device-driver development project provides insight into the test-first approach. The results show a trend of performance improvement throughout the development life cycle, and better performance compared to an earlier release. Lessons learned include the benefit of having a performance architect on the development team and of tracking performance measurements throughout the development life cycle.This article is part of a special issue on test-driven development. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// DO - 10.1109/MS.2007.77 VL - 24 IS - 3 SP - 67-+ SN - 1937-4194 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of reconcile (fluoxetine) chewable tablets plus behavior management for canine separation anxiety AU - Simpson, B. S. AU - Landsberg, G. M. AU - Reisner, I. R. AU - Ciribassi, J. J. AU - Horwitz, D. AU - Houpt, K. A. AU - Kroll, T. L. AU - Luescher, A. AU - Moffat, K. S. AU - Douglass, G. AU - Robertson-Plouch, C. AU - Veenhuizen, M. F. AU - Zimmermann, A. AU - Clark, T. P. T2 - Veterinary Therapeutics DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// VL - 8 IS - 1 SP - 18-31 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of mechanical flexion on the penetration of fullerene amino acid-derivatized peptide nanoparticles through skin AU - Rouse, Jillian G. AU - Yang, Jianzhong AU - Ryman-Rasmussen, Jessica P. AU - Barron, Andrew R. AU - Monteiro-Riviere, Nancy A. T2 - NANO LETTERS AB - Dermatomed porcine skin was fixed to a flexing device and topically dosed with 33.5 mg.mL-1 of an aqueous solution of a fullerene-substituted phenylalanine (Baa) derivative of a nuclear localization peptide sequence (Baa-Lys(FITC)-NLS). Skin was flexed for 60 or 90 min or left unflexed (control). Confocal microscopy depicted dermal penetration of the nanoparticles at 8 h in skin flexed for 60 and 90 min, whereas Baa-Lys(FITC)-NLS did not penetrate into the dermis of unflexed skin until 24 h. TEM analysis revealed fullerene-peptide localization within the intercellular spaces of the stratum granulosum. DA - 2007/1// PY - 2007/1// DO - 10.1021/nl062464m VL - 7 IS - 1 SP - 155-160 SN - 1530-6992 UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000243381300027&KeyUID=WOS:000243381300027 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of substrate on progression and healing of skin erosions and epidermal papillomas of Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus (L.) AU - Ottesen, O. H. AU - Noga, E. J. AU - Sandaa, W. T2 - Journal of Fish Diseases DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// VL - 30 IS - 1 SP - 43-53 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparison of isodose distributions in canine brain in heterogeneity-corrected versus uncorrected treatment plans using 6 MV photons AU - Lyons, J. AU - Thrall, D. E. AU - Pruitt, A. F. T2 - VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND AB - Magnetic resonance (MR) images may be useful for radiation planning due to greater contrast resolution. One disadvantage of MR images for radiation planning is the inability to incorporate electron density information into the dose calculation algorithm. To assess the magnitude of this problem, we evaluated radiation dose distribution in canine brain by comparing computed tomography (CT)‐based radiotherapy plans with and without electron density correction. Computerized radiotherapy plans were generated for 13 dogs with brain tumors using 6 MV photons. A tissue‐contouring program was used to outline the gross tumor volume (GTV) and the planning target volume (PTV) for each patient. Two treatment plans were generated for each dog. First, the plan was optimized without heterogeneity correction. Then the heterogeneity correction was implemented without changing any other plan parameters. Isodose distributions and dose volume histograms (DVHs) were used to compare the two plans. The D95 (dose delivered to 95% of the volume) within the PTV was calculated for each treatment plan and differences in the D95s were compared. The mean D95s without and with heterogeneity correction were 49.1±0.7 and 48.9±1.0Gy, respectively. The absolute mean percent dose difference without and with heterogeneity correction was 1.0±0.9% (−1.3–3.2%) and was not considered to be clinically significant. We found no clinically significant difference between CT‐based radiotherapy plans without and with heterogeneity correction for brain tumors in small animals, which supports the use of MR‐based treatment planning for radiotherapy of small animal brain tumors. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// DO - 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2007.00245.x VL - 48 IS - 3 SP - 292-296 SN - 1740-8261 KW - heterogeneity correction KW - dog KW - radiation therapy KW - treatment planning ER - TY - JOUR TI - A novel instrumented retractor to monitor tissue-disruptive forces during lateral thoracotomy AU - Bolotin, Gil AU - Buckner, Gregory D. AU - Jardine, Nicholas J. AU - Kiefer, Aaron J. AU - Campbell, Nigel B. AU - Kocherginsky, Masha AU - Raman, Jai AU - Jeevanandam, Valluvan T2 - JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY AB - ObjectiveAcute and chronic pain after thoracotomy, post-thoracotomy pain syndrome, is well documented. The mechanical retractors used for the thoracotomy exert significant forces on the skeletal cage. Our hypothesis was that instrumented retractors could be developed to enable real-time monitoring and control of retraction forces. This would provide equivalent exposure with significantly reduced forces and tissue damage and thus less post-thoracotomy pain.MethodsA novel instrumented retractor was designed and fabricated to enable real-time force monitoring during surgical retraction. Eight mature sheep underwent bilateral thoracotomy. One lateral thoracotomy was retracted at a standard clinical pace of 5.93 ± 0.80 minutes to 7.5 cm without real-time monitoring of retraction forces. The other lateral thoracotomy was retracted to the same exposure with real-time visual force feedback and a consequently more deliberate pace of 9.87 ± 1.89 minutes (P = .006). Retraction forces, blood pressure, and heart rate were monitored throughout the procedure.ResultsFull lateral retraction resulted in an average force of 102.88 ± 50.36 N at the standard clinical pace, versus 77.88 ± 38.85 N with force feedback (a 24.3% reduction, P = .006). Standard retraction produced peak forces of 450.01 ± 129.58 N, whereas force feedback yielded peak forces of 323.99 ± 127.79 N (a 28.0% reduction, P = .009). Systolic blood pressure was significantly higher during standard clinical retraction (P = .0097), and rib fracture occurrences were reduced from 5 to 1 with force feedback (P = .04).ConclusionsUse of the novel instrumented retractor resulted in significantly lower average and peak retraction forces during lateral thoracotomy. Moreover, these reduced retraction forces were correlated with reductions in animal stress and tissue damage, as documented by lower systolic blood pressures and fewer rib fractures. Acute and chronic pain after thoracotomy, post-thoracotomy pain syndrome, is well documented. The mechanical retractors used for the thoracotomy exert significant forces on the skeletal cage. Our hypothesis was that instrumented retractors could be developed to enable real-time monitoring and control of retraction forces. This would provide equivalent exposure with significantly reduced forces and tissue damage and thus less post-thoracotomy pain. A novel instrumented retractor was designed and fabricated to enable real-time force monitoring during surgical retraction. Eight mature sheep underwent bilateral thoracotomy. One lateral thoracotomy was retracted at a standard clinical pace of 5.93 ± 0.80 minutes to 7.5 cm without real-time monitoring of retraction forces. The other lateral thoracotomy was retracted to the same exposure with real-time visual force feedback and a consequently more deliberate pace of 9.87 ± 1.89 minutes (P = .006). Retraction forces, blood pressure, and heart rate were monitored throughout the procedure. Full lateral retraction resulted in an average force of 102.88 ± 50.36 N at the standard clinical pace, versus 77.88 ± 38.85 N with force feedback (a 24.3% reduction, P = .006). Standard retraction produced peak forces of 450.01 ± 129.58 N, whereas force feedback yielded peak forces of 323.99 ± 127.79 N (a 28.0% reduction, P = .009). Systolic blood pressure was significantly higher during standard clinical retraction (P = .0097), and rib fracture occurrences were reduced from 5 to 1 with force feedback (P = .04). Use of the novel instrumented retractor resulted in significantly lower average and peak retraction forces during lateral thoracotomy. Moreover, these reduced retraction forces were correlated with reductions in animal stress and tissue damage, as documented by lower systolic blood pressures and fewer rib fractures. DA - 2007/4// PY - 2007/4// DO - 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2006.09.065 VL - 133 IS - 4 SP - 949-954 SN - 1097-685X ER - TY - JOUR TI - A combined approach for the enhanced detection and isolation of Bartonella species in dog blood samples: Pre-enrichment liquid culture followed by PCR and subculture onto agar plates AU - Duncan, Ashlee W. AU - Maggi, Ricardo G. AU - Breitschwerdt, Edward B. T2 - Journal of Microbiological Methods AB - Historically, direct plating, lysis centrifugation, or freeze–thaw approaches have proven to be highly insensitive methods for confirming Bartonella species infection in dogs. A prospective study was designed to compare diagnostic methods for the detection of Bartonella using samples submitted to the Vector-Borne Disease Diagnostic Laboratory at North Carolina State University. Methods included indirect immunofluorescence assay, PCR, direct inoculation of a blood agar plate (trypticase soy agar with 5% rabbit blood), and inoculation into a novel pre-enrichment liquid medium, Bartonella/alpha-Proteobacteria growth medium (BAPGM). Sequential research efforts resulted in the development of a combinational approach consisting of pre-enrichment culture of Bartonella species in BAPGM, sub-inoculation of the liquid culture onto agar plates, followed by DNA amplification using PCR. The multi-faceted approach resulted in substantial improvement in the microbiological detection and isolation of Bartonella when compared to direct inoculation of a blood agar plate. Importantly, this approach facilitated the detection and subsequent isolation of both single and co-infections with two Bartonella species in the blood of naturally infected dogs. The use of a combinational approach of pre-enrichment culture and PCR may assist in the diagnostic confirmation of bartonellosis in dogs and other animals. DA - 2007/5// PY - 2007/5// DO - 10.1016/j.mimet.2007.01.010 VL - 69 IS - 2 SP - 273-281 J2 - Journal of Microbiological Methods LA - en OP - SN - 0167-7012 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2007.01.010 DB - Crossref KW - Bartonella KW - culture KW - detection KW - dog KW - isolation ER - TY - JOUR TI - What is your diagnosis? AU - Szabo, S. D. AU - Wells, K. L. T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// VL - 230 IS - 1 SP - 29-30 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Upregulation of c-Myc may contribute to the pathogenesis of canine pemphigus vulgaris AU - Williamson, Lina AU - Suter, Maja M. AU - Olivry, Thierry AU - Wyder, Marianne AU - Mueller, Eliane J. T2 - VETERINARY DERMATOLOGY AB - Abstract The pathomechanism in human pemphigus vulgaris (PV) has recently been described to rely on generalized c‐Myc upregulation in skin and oral mucosa followed by hyperproliferation. Here we assessed whether dogs suffering from PV present the same pathological changes as described for human patients with PV. Using immunofluorescence analysis on patients’ biopsy samples, we observed marked nuclear c‐Myc accumulation in all layers of the epidermis and oral mucosa in all (3/3) dogs analysed. In addition, c‐Myc upregulation was accompanied by an increased number of proliferating Ki67‐positive cells. These molecular changes were further paralleled by deregulated expression of wound healing and terminal differentiation markers as observed in human PV. Together these findings suggest a common pathomechanism for both species which is of particular relevance in the light of the recently discussed novel therapeutic strategies aiming at targeting PV antibody‐induced signalling cascades. DA - 2007/2// PY - 2007/2// DO - 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2007.00561.x VL - 18 IS - 1 SP - 12-17 SN - 1365-3164 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33845979160&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Stress signaling pathways activated by weaning mediate intestinal dysfunction in the pig AU - Moeser, Adam J. AU - Klok, Carin Vander AU - Ryan, Kathleen A. AU - Wooten, Jenna G. AU - Little, Dianne AU - Cook, Vanessa L. AU - Blikslager, Anthony T. T2 - American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology AB - Weaning in the piglet is a stressful event associated with gastrointestinal disorders and increased disease susceptibility. Although stress is thought to play a role in postweaning intestinal disease, the mechanisms by which stress influences intestinal pathophysiology in the weaned pig are not understood. The objectives of these experiments were to investigate the impact of weaning on gastrointestinal health in the pig and to assess the role of stress signaling pathways in this response. Nineteen-day-old pigs were weaned, and mucosal barrier function and ion transport were assessed in jejunal and colonic tissues mounted on Ussing chambers. Weaning caused marked disturbances in intestinal barrier function, as demonstrated by significant ( P < 0.01) reductions in transepithelial electrical resistance and increases in intestinal permeability to [ 3 H]mannitol in both the jejunum and colon compared with intestinal tissues from age-matched, unweaned control pigs. Weaned intestinal tissues exhibited increased intestinal secretory activity, as demonstrated by elevated short-circuit current that was sensitive to treatment with tetrodotoxin and indomethacin, suggesting activation of enteric neural and prostaglandin synthesis pathways in weaned intestinal tissues. Western blot analyses of mucosal homogenates showed increased expression of corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor 1 in the jejunum and colon of weaned intestinal tissues. Pretreatment of pigs with the CRF receptor antagonist α-helical CRF(9–41), which was injected intraperitoneally 30 min prior to weaning, abolished the stress-induced mucosal changes. Our results indicate that weaning stress induces mucosal dysfunction mediated by intestinal CRF receptors and activated by enteric nerves and prostanoid pathways. DA - 2007/1// PY - 2007/1// DO - 10.1152/ajpgi.00197.2006 VL - 292 IS - 1 SP - G173-G181 J2 - American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology LA - en OP - SN - 0193-1857 1522-1547 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00197.2006 DB - Crossref KW - barrier function KW - secretion ER - TY - JOUR TI - Recovery of mucosal barrier function in ischemic porcine ileum and colon is stimulated by a novel agonist of the ClC-2 chloride channel, lubiprostone AU - Moeser, Adam J. AU - Nighot, Prashant K. AU - Engelke, Kory J. AU - Ueno, Ryuji AU - Blikslager, Anthony T. T2 - American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology AB - Previous studies utilizing an ex vivo porcine model of intestinal ischemic injury demonstrated that prostaglandin (PG)E(2) stimulates repair of mucosal barrier function via a mechanism involving Cl(-) secretion and reductions in paracellular permeability. Further experiments revealed that the signaling mechanism for PGE(2)-induced mucosal recovery was mediated via type-2 Cl(-) channels (ClC-2). Therefore, the objective of the present study was to directly investigate the role of ClC-2 in mucosal repair by evaluating mucosal recovery in ischemia-injured intestinal mucosa treated with the selective ClC-2 agonist lubiprostone. Ischemia-injured porcine ileal mucosa was mounted in Ussing chambers, and short-circuit current (I(sc)) and transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) were measured in response to lubiprostone. Application of 0.01-1 microM lubiprostone to ischemia-injured mucosa induced concentration-dependent increases in TER, with 1 microM lubiprostone stimulating a twofold increase in TER (DeltaTER = 26 Omega.cm(2); P < 0.01). However, lubiprostone (1 microM) stimulated higher elevations in TER despite lower I(sc) responses compared with the nonselective secretory agonist PGE(2) (1 microM). Furthermore, lubiprostone significantly (P < 0.05) reduced mucosal-to-serosal fluxes of (3)H-labeled mannitol to levels comparable to those of normal control tissues and restored occludin localization to tight junctions. Activation of ClC-2 with the selective agonist lubiprostone stimulated elevations in TER and reductions in mannitol flux in ischemia-injured intestine associated with structural changes in tight junctions. Prostones such as lubiprostone may provide a selective and novel pharmacological mechanism of accelerating recovery of acutely injured intestine compared with the nonselective action of prostaglandins such as PGE(2). DA - 2007/2// PY - 2007/2// DO - 10.1152/ajpgi.00183.2006 VL - 292 IS - 2 SP - G647-G656 J2 - American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology LA - en OP - SN - 0193-1857 1522-1547 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00183.2006 DB - Crossref KW - ischemia KW - type 2 chloride channels KW - repair ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hypertrophic osteopathy associated with infective endocarditis in an adult boxer dog AU - Dunn, M. E. AU - Blond, L. AU - Letardy, D. AU - DiFruscia, R. T2 - JOURNAL OF SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE AB - A 20‐month‐old, entire male boxer dog was presented with lethargy and intermittent shifting limb lameness. Diagnostic tests revealed aortic valve vegetations suggestive of infective endocarditis causing severe aortic outflow obstruction, and hypertrophic osteopathy of all four limbs. The dog was treated symptomatically and euthanased four days later. The association of infective endocarditis and hypertrophic osteopathy has been poorly documented in the veterinary literature. The pathogenesis of hypertrophic osteopathy is unknown; however, four theories have been put forth to explain this disease: pulmonary shunting, vagal nerve stimulation, humoral substances produced by neoplastic cells and megakaryocyte/platelet clump hypothesis. DA - 2007/2// PY - 2007/2// DO - 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2006.00159.x VL - 48 IS - 2 SP - 99-103 SN - 1748-5827 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Expression of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 in naturally occurring squamous cell carcinomas in horses AU - Elce, Yvonne A. AU - Orsini, James A. AU - Blikslager, Anthony T. T2 - American Journal of Veterinary Research AB - Abstract Objective —To assess expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and -2 in naturally occurring squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and the analogous normal tissues in horses. Sample Population —Tissue samples collected from 3 conjunctival, 2 vulvar, 4 preputial, and 5 penile SCCs during surgical excision in 14 horses and from corresponding body regions (conjunctiva [n = 5 horses], vulva [2], prepuce [3], and penis [3]) in 5 horses euthanized for reasons unrelated to neoplasia. Procedures —Tissue samples were snap frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80°C until analysis. Protein was extracted from the frozen tissues, and western blot analyses were performed. Nonneoplastic and abnormal tissues from each body region were run on the same blot, and blots were run in triplicate. Molecular-weight markers and COX-1 and 2 ovine standards (positive control samples) were run concurrently on the gels; negative control samples were not used. Results —All tissues, including the nonneoplastic and SCC tissues, expressed both COX-1 and -2 proteins. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance —Results indicated that the expression of COX proteins in both nonneoplastic and SCC-affected tissues in horses is markedly different from that in other species. The reason for the potential benefit of COX-2 inhibitors in horses and other species is unknown. Further research needs to be performed to evaluate the efficacy of COX-2 inhibitors as cancer treatments in horses. Investigation of the mechanisms of tumor development in horses should be performed to increase understanding of this disease and ascertain how the mechanisms differ from those in other animals. DA - 2007/1// PY - 2007/1// DO - 10.2460/ajvr.68.1.76 VL - 68 IS - 1 SP - 76-80 J2 - American Journal of Veterinary Research LA - en OP - SN - 0002-9645 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.68.1.76 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Detection ofBartonella henselaeDNA in two dogs with pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis AU - Morales, Sofia C. AU - Breitschwerdt, Edward B. AU - Washabau, Robert J. AU - Matise, Ilze AU - Maggi, Ricardo G. AU - Duncan, Ashlee W. T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AB - Abstract Case Description —1 dog evaluated because of inappetence and lameness of the left hind limb of 1 day's duration and 1 dog evaluated because of inappetence, fever, and lymphadenopathy of 2 weeks' duration. Clinical Findings —Histologic examination of excisional biopsy specimens from lymph nodes revealed pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis in both dogs. Quantitative real-time PCR assays detected Bartonella henselae DNA in blood samples and affected lymph node specimens from both dogs. Antibodies against B henselae were not detected via immunofluorescent antibody testing during active disease in either dog. Treatment and Outcome —1 dog recovered after 6 weeks of treatment with doxycycline (5 mg/kg [2.3 mg/lb], PO, q 12 h), whereas the other dog recovered after receiving a combination of azithromycin (14.5 mg/kg [6.6 mg/lb], PO, q 24 h for 21 days), doxycycline (17.3 mg/kg [7.9 mg/lb], PO, q 24 h for 4 weeks), and immunosuppressive corticosteroid (prednisone [3 mg/kg {1.4 mg/lb}, PO, q 24 h], tapered by decreasing the daily dose by 25% every 2 weeks) treatment. Clinical Relevance — B henselae is implicated as a possible cause or a cofactor in the development of pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis in dogs. In dogs with pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis, immunofluorescent assays may not detect antibodies against B henselae . Molecular testing, including PCR assay of affected tissues, may provide an alternative diagnostic method for detection of B henselae DNA in pyogranulomatous lymph nodes. DA - 2007/3// PY - 2007/3// DO - 10.2460/javma.230.5.681 VL - 230 IS - 5 SP - 681-685 J2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association LA - en OP - SN - 0003-1488 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.230.5.681 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Validation of CADESI-03, a severity scale for clinical trials enrolling dogs with atopic dermatitis AU - Olivry, Thierry AU - Marsella, R. AU - Iwasaki, T. AU - Mueller, R. AU - Bensignor, E. AU - Carlotti, D. AU - DeBoer, D.J. AU - Griffin, C. AU - Halliwell, R. AU - Hammerberg, B. AU - Hill, P. AU - Jackson, H. AU - Maeda, S. AU - Masuda, K. AU - Nuttall, T. AU - Prélaud, P. AU - Sousa, C. AU - Willemse, T. T2 - VETERINARY DERMATOLOGY AB - Abstract In dogs, atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common and chronic allergic skin disease that often necessitates treatment with pharmacological interventions. In the last 30 years, numerous clinical trials testing the efficacy of anti‐inflammatory drugs have been reported, but there has been a lack of consistency in the assessment of outcome measures. Several clinical scales have been employed over time, but none of these scoring systems were ever tested for validity and reliability. A committee of the International Task Force on Canine Atopic Dermatitis evaluated the currently available scales used to assess disease morbidity in humans and dogs with AD, and a third version of the Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index (CADESI‐03) was designed. This version was expanded from previous ones by redistribution and increase in body sites tested, the use of an additional lesion reflecting underlying pruritus (e.g. self‐induced alopecia) and an increase in the numerical range of severity for each lesion. The CADESI‐03 scale was tested for validity and reliability in a cohort of 38 dogs with AD. Overall, this revised version of the CADESI was found to exhibit acceptable content, construct, criterion, and inter‐ and intra‐observer reliability and sensitivity to change. As a result, this scale is recommended as a validated tool for assessment of disease severity in clinical trials testing the efficacy of interventions in dogs with AD. DA - 2007/4// PY - 2007/4// DO - 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2007.00569.x VL - 18 IS - 2 SP - 78-86 SN - 1365-3164 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33847769283&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of peripheral nerve sheath tumors of the canine brachial plexus in 18 dogs AU - Kraft, Susan AU - Ehrhart, E. J. AU - Gall, David AU - Klopp, Lisa AU - Gavin, Patrick AU - Tucker, Russ AU - Bagley, Rod AU - Kippenes, Hege AU - DeHaan, Constance AU - Pedroia, Vince AU - Partington, Beth AU - Olby, Natasha T2 - VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND AB - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations from 18 dogs with a histologically confirmed peripheral nerve sheath tumor (PNST) of the brachial plexus were assessed retrospectively. Almost half (8/18) had a diffuse thickening of the brachial plexus nerve(s), six of which extended into the vertebral canal. The other 10/18 dogs had a nodule or mass in the axilla (1.2-338 cm3). Seven of those 10 masses also had diffuse nerve sheath thickening, three of which extended into the vertebral canal. The majority of tumors were hyperintense to muscle on T2-weighted images and isointense on T1-weighted images. Eight of 18 PNSTs had only minimal to mild contrast enhancement and many (13/18) enhanced heterogeneously following gadolinium DTPA administration. Transverse plane images with a large enough field of view (FOV) to include both axillae and the vertebral canal were essential, allowing in-slice comparison to detect lesions by asymmetry of structures. Higher resolution, smaller FOV, multiplanar examination of the cervicothoracic spine was important for appreciating nerve root and foraminal involvement. Short tau inversion recovery, T2-weighted, pre and postcontrast T1-weighted pulse sequences were all useful. Contrast enhancement was critical to detecting subtle diffuse nerve sheath involvement or small isointense nodules, and for accurately identifying the full extent of disease. Some canine brachial plexus tumors can be challenging to detect, requiring a rigorous multiplanar multi-pulse sequence MRI examination. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// DO - 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2007.00195.x VL - 48 IS - 1 SP - 1-7 SN - 1740-8261 KW - brachial plexus tumor KW - canine KW - magnetic resonance imaging KW - neurofibrosarcoma KW - peripheral nerve sheath tumor KW - schwannoma ER - TY - JOUR TI - Gastric leiomyoma in a free-living Atlantic bottlenosed dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) AU - Rotstein, D. S. AU - Harms, C. A. AU - Lovewell, G. N. AU - Hohn, A. A. T2 - VETERINARY RECORD AB - Veterinary RecordVolume 160, Issue 4 p. 130-131 Short Communication Gastric leiomyoma in a free-living Atlantic bottlenosed dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) D. S. Rotstein DVM, MPVM, DACVP, D. S. Rotstein DVM, MPVM, DACVP Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996-4542 USASearch for more papers by this authorC. A. Harms DVM, PhD, DACZM, C. A. Harms DVM, PhD, DACZM Department of Clinical Sciences and Environmental Medicine Consortium, College of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Marine Sciences and Technology, North Carolina State University, Morehead City, NC, 28557 USASearch for more papers by this authorG. N. Lovewell, G. N. Lovewell National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA Beaufort Laboratory, 101 Pivers Island Road, Beaufort, NC, 28516 USASearch for more papers by this authorA. A. Hohn PhD, A. A. Hohn PhD National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA Beaufort Laboratory, 101 Pivers Island Road, Beaufort, NC, 28516 USASearch for more papers by this author D. S. Rotstein DVM, MPVM, DACVP, D. S. Rotstein DVM, MPVM, DACVP Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996-4542 USASearch for more papers by this authorC. A. Harms DVM, PhD, DACZM, C. A. Harms DVM, PhD, DACZM Department of Clinical Sciences and Environmental Medicine Consortium, College of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Marine Sciences and Technology, North Carolina State University, Morehead City, NC, 28557 USASearch for more papers by this authorG. N. Lovewell, G. N. Lovewell National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA Beaufort Laboratory, 101 Pivers Island Road, Beaufort, NC, 28516 USASearch for more papers by this authorA. A. Hohn PhD, A. A. Hohn PhD National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA Beaufort Laboratory, 101 Pivers Island Road, Beaufort, NC, 28516 USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 27 January 2007 https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.160.4.130Citations: 3AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume160, Issue4January 2007Pages 130-131 RelatedInformation DA - 2007/1/27/ PY - 2007/1/27/ DO - 10.1136/vr.160.4.130 VL - 160 IS - 4 SP - 130-131 SN - 0042-4900 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of pelvic positioning and simulated dorsal acetabular rim remodeling on the radiographic shape of the dorsal acetabular edge AU - Thompson, Randall AU - Roe, Simon C. AU - Robertson, Ian D. T2 - VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND AB - A radiographic study was conducted to evaluate the effect of pelvic rotation and of simulated dorsal acetabular rim (DAR) remodeling on the radiographic appearance of the dorsal acetabular edge (DAE). The DAE is the line connecting the cranial and caudal rims of the acetabulum when viewing a pelvic radiograph made with the dog in the ventrodorsal position with the hind limbs extended. In this study, it was hypothesized that the DAE would change with pelvic rotation and simulated DAR damage. Ventrodorsal radiographs of eight canine pelves were made at 0°, 5°, and 10° of left and right pelvic rotation over its longitudinal axis. These radiographs were repeated following removal of 2, 4, and then 6 mm of bone from the right DAR of each pelvis. The ratio of acetabular width to maximum depth of the DAE was calculated. The area between the DAE and a straight line connecting the cranial and caudal acetabular rims was measured digitally. The DAE depth and area changed with pelvic rotation, and with increasing simulated DAR damage. A linear relationship between the obturator foramina width ratio and pelvic rotation allowed estimation of the degree and direction of pelvic rotation. Equations were developed from the data to assist with the estimation of the amount of DAR remodeling on a clinical radiograph. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// DO - 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2007.00196.x VL - 48 IS - 1 SP - 8-13 SN - 1740-8261 KW - canine hip dysplasia KW - defect area KW - dorsal acetabular edge KW - dorsal acetabular rim KW - pelvic rotation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Biomechanical comparison of dual interlocking single loop and double loop tension band techniques to the classic AO tension band technique for repair of olecranon osteotomies in dogs AU - Grafinger, Michael S. AU - Roe, Simon C. AU - Spodnick, Gary AU - Smith, Eric S. T2 - VETERINARY SURGERY AB - Objective— To compare olecranon fragment stability between the classic tension band wire (TBW) technique with the wire placed either in contact with ( Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen [AO]), or not in contact with, a Kirschner (K)‐wire (AOW) to 2 novel wire patterns: a dual interlocking single loop (DISL) and a double loop (DL). Study Design— Ex vivo mechanical evaluation on cadaveric bones. Sample Population— Canine ulnae (n=40) with olecranon osteotomies repaired with 2 K‐wires and 1 of 4 TBW constructs. Methods— Single load to failure applied through the triceps tendon. Displacement was measured from images captured from digital video. Techniques were compared based on the load resisted when the olecranon fragment was displaced 0.5, 1, and 2 mm. Results— At 0.5 mm of displacement, the DISL construct resisted more load than the AOW construct (505 versus 350 N; P =.05). AO and DL constructs resisted an intermediate load (345 and 330 N, respectively). There was no significant difference between groups at 1 mm of displacement. At 2 mm of displacement, DL (785 N) resisted more load than AO (522 N, P =.01) and AOW (492 N, P =.03) groups. Conclusions— DISL constructs provided similar stability to classic TBW constructs whereas DL constructs were more stable at higher loads. Clinical Relevance— The DL construct is easy to perform, less bulky, and provides comparable fragment stability to standard TBW techniques at functional loads. Surgical method is important for optimal performance of all TBW constructs. DA - 2007/2// PY - 2007/2// DO - 10.1111/j.1532-950X.2007.00246.x VL - 36 IS - 2 SP - 141-148 SN - 0161-3499 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A linear dilution microfluidic device for cytotoxicity assays AU - Walker, Glenn M. AU - Monteiro-Riviere, Nancy AU - Rouse, Jillian AU - Adrian T. O'Neill, T2 - LAB ON A CHIP AB - A two-layer polymer microfluidic device is presented which creates nine linear dilutions from two input fluid streams mixed in varying volumetric proportions. The linearity of the nine dilutions is conserved when the flow rate is held constant at 1.0 µl min−1 (R2 = 0.9995) and when it is varied from 0.5–16 µl min−1 (R2 = 0.9998). An analytical expression is presented for designing microfluidic devices with arbitrary numbers of linear dilutions. To demonstrate the efficacy of this device, primary human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK) were stained with nine dilutions of calcein, resulting in a linear spread of fluorescent intensities (R2 = 0.94). The operating principles of the device can be scaled up to incorporate any number of linear dilutions. This scalability, coupled with an intrinsic ability to create linear dilutions under a variety of operating conditions, makes the device applicable to high throughput screening applications such as combinatorial chemistry or cytotoxicity assays. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// DO - 10.1039/b608990a VL - 7 IS - 2 SP - 226-232 SN - 1473-0189 UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000244616300011&KeyUID=WOS:000244616300011 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Validation of two-dimensional kinematic analysis of walk and sit-to-stand motions in dogs AU - Feeney, Lauren C. AU - Lin, Cheng-Feng AU - Marcellin-Little, Denis J. AU - Tate, Amanda R. AU - Queen, Robin M. AU - Yu, Bing T2 - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH AB - To assess the intra- and interobserver repeatability of 2-dimensional (2-D) kinematic analysis of walk and sit-to-stand motions in dogs.10 healthy adult Labrador Retrievers.10 dogs were filmed during walk and sit-to-stand motions. Five trials were recorded for each dog, 3 of which were digitized. Two observers manually marked 15 landmarks on each frame during the motions of interest for these 3 trials. Each observer repeated the procedure approximately 1 week later. The 2-D joint angles were calculated. Intra- and interobserver coefficients of multiple correlations (CMCs) were calculated for each joint angle-time history.Intraobserver repeatability, assessed as the mean CMCs of 12 joint angle measurements made for 10 dogs by 2 observers, was good or excellent in 23 of 24 (96%) mean CMCs of the joints measured. Interobserver variation, assessed by comparing CMCs of measurements made by 2 observers on 10 dogs on 2 days, was good or excellent in 161 of 240 (67%) CMCs of joints measured.Intraobserver repeatability of 2-D kinematic measurements made on digitized videotapes was excellent. Interobserver repeatability of these measurements was acceptable. DA - 2007/3// PY - 2007/3// DO - 10.2460/ajvr.68.3.277 VL - 68 IS - 3 SP - 277-282 SN - 0002-9645 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Surface coatings determine cytotoxicity and irritation potential of quantum dot nanoparticles in epidermal keratinocytes AU - Ryman-Rasmussen, Jessica P. AU - Riviere, Jim E. AU - Monteiro-Riviere, Nancy A. T2 - JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY AB - Quantum dot (QD) nanoparticles have potential applications in nanomedicine as drug delivery vectors and diagnostic agents, but the skin toxicity and irritation potential of QDs are unknown. Human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs) were used to assess if QDs with different surface coatings would cause differential effects on HEK cytotoxicity, proinflammatory cytokine release, and cellular uptake. Commercially available QDs of two different sizes, QD 565 and QD 655, with neutral (polyethylene glycol (PEG)), cationic (PEG-amine), or anionic (carboxylic acid) coatings were utilized. Live cell imaging and transmission electron microscopy were used to determine that all QDs localized intracellularly by 24 hours, with evidence of QD localization in the nucleus. Cytotoxicity and release of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α were assessed at 24 and 48 hours. Cytotoxicity was observed for QD 565 and QD 655 coated with carboxylic acids or PEG-amine by 48 hours, with little cytotoxicity observed for PEG-coated QDs. Only carboxylic acid-coated QDs significantly increased release of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8. These data indicate that QD surface coating is a primary determinant of cytotoxicity and immunotoxicity in HEKs, which is consistent across size. However, uptake of QDs by HEKs is independent of surface coating. Quantum dot (QD) nanoparticles have potential applications in nanomedicine as drug delivery vectors and diagnostic agents, but the skin toxicity and irritation potential of QDs are unknown. Human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs) were used to assess if QDs with different surface coatings would cause differential effects on HEK cytotoxicity, proinflammatory cytokine release, and cellular uptake. Commercially available QDs of two different sizes, QD 565 and QD 655, with neutral (polyethylene glycol (PEG)), cationic (PEG-amine), or anionic (carboxylic acid) coatings were utilized. Live cell imaging and transmission electron microscopy were used to determine that all QDs localized intracellularly by 24 hours, with evidence of QD localization in the nucleus. Cytotoxicity and release of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α were assessed at 24 and 48 hours. Cytotoxicity was observed for QD 565 and QD 655 coated with carboxylic acids or PEG-amine by 48 hours, with little cytotoxicity observed for PEG-coated QDs. Only carboxylic acid-coated QDs significantly increased release of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8. These data indicate that QD surface coating is a primary determinant of cytotoxicity and immunotoxicity in HEKs, which is consistent across size. However, uptake of QDs by HEKs is independent of surface coating. Hank's balanced salt solution human epidermal keratinocyte keratinocyte growth medium-2 polyethylene glycol quantum dot transmission electron microscopy 3-[4,5]dimethylthiazol-2,5 dephenyltetrazolium bromide DA - 2007/1// PY - 2007/1// DO - 10.1038/sj.jid.5700508 VL - 127 IS - 1 SP - 143-153 SN - 1523-1747 UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000243192200021&KeyUID=WOS:000243192200021 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A phase I trial of hyperthermia-induced interleukin-12 gene therapy in spontaneously arising feline soft tissue sarcomas AU - Siddiqui, Farzan AU - Li, Chuan-Yuan AU - LaRue, Susan M. AU - Poulson, Jean M. AU - Avery, Paul R. AU - Pruitt, Amy F. AU - Zhang, Xiuwu AU - Ullrich, Robert L. AU - Thrall, Donald E. AU - Dewhirst, Mark W. AU - Hauck, Marlene L. T2 - MOLECULAR CANCER THERAPEUTICS AB - Interleukin-12 (IL-12), a proinflammatory cytokine, shows anticancer properties. Systemically administered IL-12 causes dose-dependent toxicity. To achieve localized intratumoral gene expression, an adenoviral gene therapy vector with IL-12 controlled by a heat-inducible promoter (heat shock promoter 70B) was developed and tested in a phase I clinical trial in cats with spontaneously arising soft tissue sarcoma. A feasibility study was done in 16 cats with soft tissue sarcoma using murine IL-12 and/or enhanced green fluorescent protein adenoviral vectors under cytomegalovirus or heat shock promoter 70 control. Subsequently, we conducted a phase I clinical trial using an adenoviral feline IL-12 construct in 13 cats with soft tissue sarcoma. The soft tissue sarcomas were irradiated (48 Gy/16 fractions) followed by intratumoral injection of adenovirus. Twenty-four hours postinjection, tumors were heated (41 degrees C, 60 min). Tumor expression of feline IL-12 and IFN-gamma was determined. Cats were monitored for systemic toxicity. For the murine IL-12 construct, an association was noted between viral dose and murine IL-12 levels within tumor, whereas serum levels were minimal. Mild toxicity was noted at 10(11) plaque-forming units (pfu). With the feline IL-12 construct, high levels of feline IL-12 mRNA were detected in tumor biopsies with low or absent IFN-gamma mRNA following gene therapy. Hematologic and hepatic toxicities were noted at the highest viral doses and were associated with detection of IFN-gamma mRNA in tumor. It is possible to localize gene expression and limit systemic toxicity of IL-12 using the hyperthermia-induced gene therapy approach. The maximum tolerated dose of the feline IL-12 adenoviral vector was 10(10) pfu/tumor as dose-limiting toxicities were noted at the 4 x 10(10) pfu dose. DA - 2007/1// PY - 2007/1// DO - 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-06-0342 VL - 6 IS - 1 SP - 380-389 SN - 1535-7163 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Two photon polymerization of polymer-ceramic hybrid materials for transdermal drug delivery AU - Ovsianikov, A. AU - Chichkov, B. AU - Mente, P. AU - Monteiro-Riviere, N. A. AU - Doraiswamy, A. AU - Narayan, R. J. T2 - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY AB - Three‐dimensional microneedle devices were created by femtosecond laser two photon polymerization (2PP) of organically modified ceramic (Ormocer®) hybrid materials. Arrays of in‐plane and out‐of‐plane hollow microneedles (microneedle length=800 μm, microneedle base diameter=150–300 μm) with various aspect ratios were fabricated. The fracture and penetration properties of the microneedle arrays were examined using compression load testing. In these studies, the microneedle arrays penetrated cadaveric porcine adipose tissue without fracture. Human epidermal keratinocyte viability on the Ormocer® surfaces polymerized using 2PP was similar to that on control surfaces. These results suggest that 2PP is able to create microneedle structures for transdermal drug delivery with a larger range of geometries than conventional microfabrication techniques. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// DO - 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2007.02115.x VL - 4 IS - 1 SP - 22-29 SN - 1744-7402 UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000243791400003&KeyUID=WOS:000243791400003 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Plasma biochemical reference intervals for koi AU - Palmeiro, B. S. AU - Rosenthal, K. L. AU - Lewbart, Gregory AU - Shofer, F. S. T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AB - To assess reproducibility of an in-house tabletop biochemical analyzer for measurement of plasma biochemical analytes and establish reference intervals in adult koi.Prospective study.71 healthy adult koi.Plasma was analyzed for concentrations or activities of albumin, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, bile acids, BUN, calcium, cholesterol, creatine kinase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, globulin, glucose, K, Na, P, total bilirubin, total protein, and uric acid. Duplicate samples were evaluated by use of the intraclass correlation coefficient to determine reproducibility. To assess the magnitude of differences between replicate samples, the absolute mean difference, SD, and minimum and maximum values were calculated for each analyte. Median values and reference intervals were calculated.Intraclass correlation coefficient values were excellent for all analytes except alanine aminotransferase (good), Na (poor), gamma-glutamyltransferase (poor), and P (poor). Reference intervals were established.The in-house tabletop biochemical analyzer had good precision for measuring most plasma biochemical analytes. Further research and comparison with other reference procedures are needed before reference intervals and precision can be established for globulin, Na, P, K, and albumin. Aquatic veterinarians may be able to use the reference intervals for adult koi as an important diagnostic tool or as part of a fish wellness program, as commonly done in other domestic species. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// DO - 10.2460/javma.230.5.708 VL - 230 IS - 5 SP - 708–712 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Dermal effects of nanomaterials AU - Monteiro-Riviere, N. A. T2 - Nanotoxicology: Characterization, dosing, and health effects A2 - N. A. Monteiro-Riviere, A2 - Tran, C. L. PY - 2007/// SP - 317-337 PB - New York: Informa Healthcare SN - 1420045148 ER -